The genome-wide expression profile of Scrophularia ningpoensis-treated thapsigargin-stimulated U-87MG cells.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a principal site for protein synthesis, protein folding, calcium storage, and calcium signaling. Thapsigargin (TG), an inducer of ER stress, inhibits ER-associated Ca(2+)-ATPase and disrupts Ca(2+) homeostasis. ER stress plays an important pathogenetic role in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease, and prion protein diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective mechanisms of Scrophularia ningpoensis (SN) extracts and chemicals on TG-stimulated U-87MG cells. In this study, the recovery activities of E-harpagoside (EHA), harpagide (HA), 8-O-E-p-methoxycinnamoylharpagide (MH), aucubin (AB), cinnamic acid (CA), p-coumaric acid (pCA), p-methoxycinnamic acid methyl ester (MME), caffeic acid (CFA), ferulic acid (FA), and (E)-p-methoxycinnamic acid (MA) on TG-stimulated U-87MG cells were evaluated. The results revealed that SN, MME, CFA, and MH showed considerable recovery effects. Therefore, SN, MME, CFA, and MH were selected to evaluate the gene expression profile of U-87MG cells by using microarray analysis and real-time RT-PCR. The results of this analysis revealed that cell cycle, proliferation, protein folding, and anti-apoptosis-related genes were up-regulated in SN, MME, CFA, and MH-treated U-87MG cells. In addition, significant decreases in apoptosis, the MAPK signaling pathway, and mitochondria-related gene expressions were observed in SN-, MME-, CFA-, and MH-treated U-87MG cells. Thus, SN, MME, CFA, and MH might affect neurodegenerative diseases.
Sohn
Sung-Hwa
SH
Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
Ko
Eunjung
E
Jeon
Sung-Bae
SB
Lee
Beom-Joon
BJ
Kim
Sung-Hoon
SH
Dong
Mi-Sook
MS
Lee
Dong-Ung
DU
Kwak
Jong-Hwan
JH
Kim
Yangseok
Y
Shin
Minkyu
M
Hong
Moochang
M
Bae
Hyunsu
H
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000235:genetics; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017510:Protein Folding; D032266:Scrophularia / Q000737:chemistry*; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019284:Thapsigargin