title: Removal of steroid estrogens from wastewater using granular activated carbon: comparison between virgin and reactivated carbon.
abstract: This research was set up in response to new European legislation to identify cost-effective treatment for removal of steroid estrogens from effluent. This study aimed to compare estrogen removal of two types of granular activated carbon: virgin (F400) and reactivated (C401) carbon. Rapid, small-scale column tests were conducted with a total bed volume of 24.9 cm3 over three columns, and analysis was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results demonstrated that C401 performed more efficiently with greater than or equal to 81% estrogen removal in wastewater compared to F400 which produced greater than or equal to 65% estrogen removal. Estrogen removal can be affected by competitive adsorption from natural organic matter present in wastewater. In addition, the physical properties of each carbon had the potential to influence adsorption differently, thus resulting in the observed varied adsorption capability of the two carbons.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, England.
authors.forename: Victoria Francesca
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Rowsell
authors.forename: Dawn Sok Cheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Foteini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsafou
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Voulvoulis
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004967:Estrogens / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012015:Reference Standards; D013256:Steroids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D013256:Steroids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002244:Carbon