title: Heterochromatin protein 1 is recruited to various types of DNA damage.
abstract: Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) family members are chromatin-associated proteins involved in transcription, replication, and chromatin organization. We show that HP1 isoforms HP1-alpha, HP1-beta, and HP1-gamma are recruited to ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage and double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cells. This response to DNA damage requires the chromo shadow domain of HP1 and is independent of H3K9 trimethylation and proteins that detect UV damage and DSBs. Loss of HP1 results in high sensitivity to UV light and ionizing radiation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, indicating that HP1 proteins are essential components of DNA damage response (DDR) systems. Analysis of single and double HP1 mutants in nematodes suggests that HP1 homologues have both unique and overlapping functions in the DDR. Our results show that HP1 proteins are important for DNA repair and may function to reorganize chromatin in response to damage.
authors.affiliation: Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Luijsterburg
authors.forename: Christoffel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dinant
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lans
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stap
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wiernasz
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lagerwerf
authors.forename: Daniël O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Warmerdam
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindh
authors.forename: Maartje C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Brink
authors.forename: Jurek W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dobrucki
authors.forename: Jacob A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Aten
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Fousteri
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Nico P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Dantuma
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: Leon H F
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Mullenders
authors.forename: Adriaan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Houtsmuller
authors.forename: Pernette J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Verschure
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Driel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects; D004260:DNA Repair; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D006657:Histones; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5