title: Mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair proteins cooperate in the recognition of DNA interstrand crosslinks.
abstract: DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are among the most cytotoxic types of DNA damage, thus ICL-inducing agents such as psoralen, are clinically useful chemotherapeutics. Psoralen-modified triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) have been used to target ICLs to specific genomic sites to increase the selectivity of these agents. However, how TFO-directed psoralen ICLs (Tdp-ICLs) are recognized and processed in human cells is unclear. Previously, we reported that two essential nucleotide excision repair (NER) protein complexes, XPA-RPA and XPC-RAD23B, recognized ICLs in vitro, and that cells deficient in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) complex MutSbeta were sensitive to psoralen ICLs. To further investigate the role of MutSbeta in ICL repair and the potential interaction between proteins from the MMR and NER pathways on these lesions, we performed electrophoretic mobility-shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of MutSbeta and NER proteins with Tdp-ICLs. We found that MutSbeta bound to Tdp-ICLs with high affinity and specificity in vitro and in vivo, and that MutSbeta interacted with XPA-RPA or XPC-RAD23B in recognizing Tdp-ICLs. These data suggest that proteins from the MMR and NER pathways interact in the recognition of ICLs, and provide a mechanistic link by which proteins from multiple repair pathways contribute to ICL repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science-Park Research Division, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
authors.forename: Junhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Aklank
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Ravi R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Modrich
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Vasquez
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D004249:DNA Damage; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011564:Furocoumarins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074081:MutS Homolog 3 Protein; D051716:Replication Protein A / Q000378:metabolism; D051760:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011564:Furocoumarins; C078444:MSH3 protein, human; D000074081:MutS Homolog 3 Protein; C513287:RAD23B protein, human; D051716:Replication Protein A; C497314:XPA protein, human; D051760:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein; C051802:triplex DNA; D004247:DNA; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes