title: Proinflammatory cell stress in sporadic inclusion body myositis muscle: overexpression of alphaB-crystallin is associated with amyloid precursor protein and accumulation of beta-amyloid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the pathology of sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), the relevance of cell stress molecules such as the heat shock protein alphaB-crystallin, particularly in healthy appearing muscle fibres, has remained elusive.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 muscle biopsies from sIBM patients were serially stained for haematoxylin-eosin, trichrome and multi-immunohistochemistry for neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), alphaB-crystallin, amyloid precursor protein (APP), desmin, major histocompatibility complex I, beta-amyloid and ubiquitin. Corresponding areas of all biopsies were quantitatively analysed for all markers. Primary myotube cultures were exposed to the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and interferon (IFN)-gamma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In human myotubes exposed to IL-1beta+IFN-gamma, overexpression of APP was accompanied by upregulation of alphaB-crystallin. In sIBM muscle biopsies, over 20% of all fibres displayed accumulation of beta-amyloid or vacuoles/inclusions. A clearly larger fraction of the fibres were positive for alphaB-crystallin or APP. In contrast with the accumulation of beta-amyloid in atrophic fibres, a major part of fibres positive for APP or alphaB-crystallin showed no morphological abnormalities. Expression of APP and alphaB-crystallin significantly correlated with each other and most double positive fibres displayed accumulation of beta-amyloid, vacuoles or an atrophic morphology. In almost all of these fibres, other markers of degeneration/regeneration such as NCAM and desmin were evident as additional indicators of a cell stress response. Some fibres double positive for APP and alphaB-crystallin displayed infiltration by inflammatory cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that alphaB-crystallin is associated with overexpression of APP in sIBM muscle and that upregulation of alphaB-crystallin precedes accumulation of beta-amyloid. The data help to better understand early pathological changes and underscore the fact that a network of cell stress, inflammation and degeneration is relevant to sIBM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Medicine Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Muth
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barthel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bähr
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dalakas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003893:Desmin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018979:Myositis, Inclusion Body / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D003893:Desmin; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; D025801:Ubiquitin; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain