title: Ouantification of carbon savings from improved biomass cookstove projects.
abstract: In spite of growing interest, a principal obstacle to wider inclusion of improved cookstove projects in carbon trading schemes has been the lack of accountability in estimating CO2-equivalent (CO2-e) savings. To demonstrate that robust estimates of CO2-e savings can be obtained at reasonable cost, an integrated approach of community-based subsampling of traditional and improved stoves in homes to estimate fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, combined with spatially explicit community-based estimates of the fraction of nonrenewable biomass harvesting (fNRB), was used to estimate CO2-e savings for 603 homes with improved Patsari stoves in Purépecha communities of Michoacán, Mexico. Mean annual household CO2-e savings for CO2, CH4, CO, and nonmethane hydrocarbons were 3.9 tCO2-e home(-1) yr(-1) (95% Cl +/- 22%), and for Kyoto gases (CO2 and CH4) were 3.1 tCO2-e home(-1) yr(-1) (95% Cl +/- 26%), respectively, using a weighted mean fNRB harvesting of 39%. CO2-e savings ranged from 1.6 (95% Cl +/- 49%) to 7.5 (95% Cl +/- 17%) tCO2-e home(-1) yr(-1) for renewable and nonrenewable harvesting in individual communities, respectively. Since emission factors, fuel consumption, and fNRB each contribute significantly to the overall uncertainty in estimates of CO2-e savings, community-based assessment of all of these parameters is critical for robust estimates. Reporting overall uncertainty in the CO2-e savings estimates provides a mechanism for valuation of carbon offsets, which would promote better accounting that CO2-e savings had actually been achieved. Cost of CO2-e savings as a result of adoption of Patsari stoves was U.S. $8 per tCO2-e based on initial stove costs, monitoring costs, and conservative stove adoption rates, which is approximately 4 times less expensive than use of carbon capture and storage from coal plants, and approximately 18 times less than solar power. The low relative cost of CO2-e abatement of improved stoves combined with substantial health cobenefits through reduction in indoor air pollution provides a strong rationale for targeting these less expensive carbon mitigation options, while providing substantial economic assistance for stove dissemination efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3957, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Rufus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghilardi
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berrueta
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gillen
authors.forename: Claudio Alatorre
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Frenk
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Masera
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis*; D003296:Cooking; D035501:Uncertainty
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon