title: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as first-line treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a frequent complication after renal transplantation, however long-term follow-up data after interventional treatment are rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our transplant center 11 of 264 consecutive renal transplant recipients (4.17%) were diagnosed with TRAS. In addition, TRAS occurred in 2 renal transplant recipients that had been transplanted at other centers but who had their follow-up examinations in our center. Either a rise of the serum creatinine level and/or worsened systemic hypertension or routine examination with color Doppler sonography were indications for further diagnostic workup.
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct angiography of the transplant renal artery was performed followed by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) after the diagnosis of TRAS was confirmed in all of these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immediate success rate for PTA was 92.3% (12/13). Only 1 patient with a severe kinking of the transplant renal artery had to undergo surgery to restore renal function. No complications occurred after the interventions. Thereafter the patients were monitored for a mean observation period of 33.15 months. Serum creatinine levels were significantly lower after the intervention, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased accordingly. With regard to blood pressure there was only a trend for lower blood pressure levels and less antihypertensive use, whereas the dose of the prescribed drugs decreased significantly with time after interventional treatment of TRAS. In addition, a long-lasting rise of the hemoglobin levels could also be demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, the beneficial effect of PTA of TRAS on renal function is long-lasting. Therefore, PTA, usually combined with stent placement, should be first-line treatment in TRAS in all patients. Surgical revascularization is only warranted, if PTA fails.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine I, Marienhospital Herne, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany. Bernhard.henning@ruhr-universität.bochum.de
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuchlbauer
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Böger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obed
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zülke
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walberer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schlitt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Banas
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Krämer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome