Reducing the burden of influenza-associated complications with antiviral therapy.
BACKGROUND
Influenza imposes an annual burden on individuals, society, and healthcare systems. This burden is increased by the development of complications that are often more severe than the primary infection. Here, we examine the main complications associated with influenza and review the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in reducing the incidence of such events.


METHODS
The content of this review is taken from the study of the authors' extensive collection of reference materials, examination of the bibliographical content of relevant papers, and the results of Medline searches.


RESULTS
The most commonly encountered complications in adults are sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and, particularly in the elderly, bacterial pneumonia. Such complications may exacerbate pulmonary complaints. Children are particularly prone to post-influenza croup and otitis media. Complications involving the central nervous system, heart, or skeletal muscle also occur in influenza patients. Influenza-associated complications impose sizeable healthcare costs in terms of outpatient contacts, hospitalizations, and antibiotic use. Vaccination is the primary prevention strategy for influenza and its complications, but has limitations. Neuraminidase inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in reducing the incidence of influenza-associated complications in populations with different ages and risks.


CONCLUSIONS
Influenza complications place a large burden on healthcare providers and society. Neuraminidase inhibitors can reduce the incidence of such complications, particularly in high-risk groups.
Ruf
B R
BR
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum Sankt Georg Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. ruf@sanktgeorg.de
Szucs
T
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D000367:Age Factors; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D053243:Zanamivir / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009439:Neuraminidase; D053243:Zanamivir