title: Effect of nitrogen narcosis on free recall and recognition memory in open water.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous research has demonstrated that nitrogen narcosis causes decrements in memory performance but the precise aspect of memory impaired is not clear in the literature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present research investigated the effect of narcosis on free recall and recognition memory by appling signal detection theory (SDT) to the analysis of the recognition data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a repeated measures design, the free recall and recognition memory of 20 divers was tested in four learning-recall conditions: shallow-shallow (SS), deep-deep (DD), shallow-deep (SD) and deep-shallow (DS). The data was collected in the ocean offDahab, Egypt with shallow water representing a depth of 0-10m (33ft) and deep water 37-40m (121-131ft). The presence of narcosis was independently indexed with subjective ratings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison to the SS condition there was a clear impairment of free recall in the DD and DS conditions, but not the SD condition. Recognition memory remained unaffected by narcosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded narcosis-induced memory decrements cannot be explained as simply an impairment of input into long term memory or of self-guided search and it is suggested instead that narcosis acts to reduce the level of processing/encoding of information.
authors.affiliation: National Addiction Centre PO48, Division of Psychological Medicine & Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kneller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D004242:Diving / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007222:Inert Gas Narcosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature; D055815:Young Adult