title: The psychological outcome of religious coping with stressful life events in a Swiss sample of church attendees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent research suggested that religious coping, based on dispositional religiousness and spirituality (R/S), is an important modulating factor in the process of dealing with adversity. In contrast to the United States, the effect of R/S on psychological adjustment to stress is a widely unexplored area in Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined a Swiss sample of 328 church attendees in the aftermath of stressful life events to explore associations of positive or negative religious coping with the psychological outcome. Applying a cross-sectional design, we used Huber's Centrality Scale to specify religiousness and Pargament's measure of religious coping (RCOPE) for the assessment of positive and negative religious coping. Depressive symptoms and anxiety as outcome variables were examined by the Brief Symptom Inventory. The Stress-Related Growth Scale and the Marburg questionnaire for the assessment of well-being were used to assess positive outcome aspects. We conducted Mann-Whitney tests for group comparisons and cumulative logit analysis for the assessment of associations of religious coping with our outcome variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both forms of religious coping were positively associated with stress-related growth (p < 0.01). However, negative religious coping additionally reduced well-being (p = 0.05, beta = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.27-0.99) and increased anxiety (p = 0.02, beta = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.10-3.39) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.01, beta = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.27-4.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of religious coping on the psychological adjustment to stressful life events seem relevant. These findings should be confirmed in prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: Saint Otmar Church, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hauri
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jenewein
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schnyder
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kraemer
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003469:Culture; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D029181:Spirituality; D013557:Switzerland; D055815:Young Adult