title: A key role for similarity in vicarious reward.
abstract: Humans appear to have an inherent prosocial tendency toward one another in that we often take pleasure in seeing others succeed. This fact is almost certainly exploited by game shows, yet why watching others win elicits a pleasurable vicarious rewarding feeling in the absence of personal economic gain is unclear. One explanation is that game shows use contestants who have similarities to the viewing population, thereby kindling kin-motivated responses (for example, prosocial behavior). Using a game show-inspired paradigm, we show that the interactions between the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate cortex subserve the modulation of vicarious reward by similarity, respectively. Our results support studies showing that similarity acts as a proximate neurobiological mechanism where prosocial behavior extends to unrelated strangers.
authors.affiliation: Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK. dean.mobbs@mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mobbs
authors.forename: Rongjun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Passamonti
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Calder
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schweizer
authors.forename: Chris D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Frith
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dalgleish
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D012201:Reward; D012649:Self Concept; D012919:Social Behavior; D012928:Social Desirability; D055815:Young Adult