title: Hippocampal spine-associated Rap-specific GTPase-activating protein induces enhancement of learning and memory in postnatally hypoxia-exposed mice.
abstract: Spine-associated Rap-specific GTPase-activating protein (SPAR) is a postsynaptic protein that forms a complex with postsynaptic density (PSD)-95 and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), and morphologically regulates dendritic spines. Mild intermittent hypoxia (IH, 16.0% O(2), 4 h/day for 4 weeks) is known to markedly enhance spatial learning and memory in postnatal developing mice. Here, we report that this effect is correlated with persistent increases in SPAR expression as well as long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus of IH-exposed mice. Furthermore, an infusion of SPAR antisense oligonucleotides into the dorsal hippocampus disrupted elevation of SPAR expression, preventing enhanced hippocampal LTP in IH-exposed developing mice and also reducing LTP in normoxic mice, without altering basal synaptic transmission. In SPAR antisense-treated mice, acquisition of the Morris water maze spatial learning task was impaired, as was memory retention in probe trails following training. This study provides the first evidence that SPAR is functionally required for synaptic plasticity and contributes to the IH-induced enhancement of spatial learning and memory in postnatal developing mice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: X-J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: X-Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: H-Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: J-Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005260:Female; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007858:Learning; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D008568:Memory; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D013037:Spatial Behavior
chemical_list: D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; C543508:Sipa1l1 protein, mouse