title: Impacts of individual animal response to heat and handling stresses on Escherichia coli and E. coli O157:H7 fecal shedding by feedlot cattle.
abstract: The reduction of foodborne pathogens in cattle destined for human consumption will require knowledge of the factors that impact the carriage and shedding of these organisms. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of heat and handling stress levels on the fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and generic E. coli by feedlot cattle. In year 1, 128 feedlot heifers were evaluated for heat tolerance five times per week during the 84-day finishing period from May through August. Heat stress measurements included respiration rate, panting score, and visual assessments. In year 2, panting scores were taken for a group of 256 finishing feedlot heifers on days in July and August for which the temperature humidity index (THI) was predicted to be in the "emergency" category (THI > or = 84). For both years, animals were weighed and temperament scored to assess handling stress on a 28-day schedule. At the same time, rectal fecal samples were collected from each animal individually. The presence and concentrations of E. coli O157:H7 and concentrations of generic E. coli in feces were determined. There were no clear trends between the heat stress levels or temperament scores (as an indicator of response to handling) with either fecal generic E. coli concentrations or E. coli O157:H7 concentrations or prevalence in feces, indicating that neither heat nor handling stress contributes to the food safety risk associated with E. coli O157:H7-positive cattle.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA.
authors.forename: Tami M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Brown-Brandl
authors.forename: Elaine D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Terrance M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nienaber
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D057138:Bacterial Shedding; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004032:Diet; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012007:Rectum / Q000382:microbiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology