title: Root surface defect produced by hand instruments and ultrasonic scaler with different power settings: an in vitro study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the root surface defect produced by hand curettes and ultrasonic tips with different power settings. Forty root surfaces were divided into 4 groups according the treatment: Gracey curettes, ultrasonic scaler at 10% power, ultrasonic scaler at 50% power and ultrasonic scaler at 100% power. Each specimen was instrumented with 15 strokes and the and divided in the middle to evaluate: (1) the defect depth produced by the instrumentation and (2) contact area of the instrument tips, which was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. ANOVA and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis (alpha =0.05). The results (mean +/- SD) of the contact area showed significantly greater defects (p<0.05) for the hand instrumented groups (2092.9 +/- 482) compared to the ultrasonic groups (606.8 +/- 283.0; 858.6 +/- 422.5; 1212.0 +/- 366.7, respectively), independently of the power setting. The values for the defect depth on root surface showed no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between hand instrumentation (66.1 +/- 34.0) and ultrasonic scaling at 10%, 50% or 100% power settings (52.4 +/- 22.1; 72.0 +/- 29.9; 77.7 +/- 37.7, respectively). The findings of this study demonstrate that ultrasonic instrumentation produced a similar defect depth to that of hand instrumentation, with a smaller tip contact area, independently of the power setting used for scaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Prosthodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato Corrêa Viana
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Casarin
authors.forename: Fernanda Vieira
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Antonio Wilson
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Sallum
authors.forename: Enilson Antonio
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sallum
authors.forename: Francisco Humberto
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nociti
authors.forename: Márcio Zaffalon
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Casati
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid; D003754:Dental High-Speed Equipment / Q000009:adverse effects; D003762:Dental Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000293:injuries*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects