title: [Prevention of osteopenia in premature infants].
abstract: Proposition of recommendations for prevention of osteopenia in premature infants is presented in this article. In parenteral nutrition in premature infants calcium and phosphorus should be supplemented early in a dose of 80-100 mg/kg/24 h (2-2.5 mmol/kg/24 h) and 43-63 mg/kg/24 h (1.4-2 mmol/kg/24 h) respectively. In enteral nutrition calcium and phosphorus should be supplemented in a dose 90-150 mg/kg/24 h (2.25-3.7 mmol/kg/24 h), and: 45-80 mg/kg/24 h (1.5-2.6 mmol/kg) respectively. Breast milk fortifier is recommended up to the corrected age of 40 Hbd and in case of growth retarded infants - up to 52 Hbd. Vitamin D should be supplemented in a dose of 400-800 IU, particularly in breast fed infants. Vitamin content in formula or fortifier must be taken into account. Active metabolites of vitamin D are not recommended. Physical activities, together with appropriate mineral, protein and energy intake may decrease the risk of osteopenia. Laboratory assessment of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis is recommended every 2 weeks, from 6(th) week of life.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Pediatrii Instytut Pomnik-Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka, 04-730 Warszawa.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wesół-Kucharska
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laskowska
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sibilska
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friedman-Gruszczyńska
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Błońska
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gawecka
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czech-Kowalska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobrzańska
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ksiazyk
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swietliński
mesh_terms: D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium