title: CD4+ T cells provide protection against acute lethal encephalitis caused by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.
abstract: Studying the mechanisms of host survival resulting from viral encephalitis is critical to the development of vaccines. Here we have shown in several independent studies that high dose treatment with neutralizing antibody prior to intranasal infection with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus had an antiviral effect in the visceral organs and prolonged survival time of infected mice, even in the absence of alphabeta T cells. Nevertheless, antibody treatment did not prevent the development of lethal encephalitis. On the contrary, the adoptive transfer of primed CD4(+) T cells was necessary to prevent lethal encephalitis in mice lacking alphabeta T cell receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, United States.
authors.forename: Nadezhda E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Bi-Hung
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Andrea S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bertke
authors.forename: Viktoriya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borisevich
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jeanon N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Allison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Poussard
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: Barbara M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Judy
authors.forename: Michele A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zacks
authors.forename: D Mark
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: Slobodan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paessler
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D004666:Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / Q000276:immunology*; D004685:Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000172:deficiency; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell