title: Longitudinal analysis of physical activity and symptoms as predictors of change in functional limitations and disability in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This longitudinal, observational study examined changes in physical activity and symptoms as correlates of changes in functional limitations and disability across a 6-month period among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals with MS wore an accelerometer for a 7-day period and completed a battery of measures including the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (Godin & Shephard, 1985), Symptom Inventory (Schwartz, Vollmer, & Lee, 1999), MS-Related Symptom Checklist (Gulick, 1989), and abbreviated Late-Life Function and Disability Inventory (McAuley, Konopack, Motl, Rosengren, & Morris, 2005) at baseline (n = 292) and 6-month follow-up (n = 276). The data were analyzed using panel analysis with latent variables in AMOS 16.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The standardized coefficients indicated that (a) change in physical activity was associated with residual change in function (beta = .22), (b) change in symptoms was associated with residual changes in both function (beta = -.29) and disability (gamma = -.15), and (c) change in function was associated with residual change in disability (beta = .20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that change in physical activity is associated with change in disability through a pathway that is consistent with Nagi's (1976) Disablement Model and its extension in individuals with MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. robmotl@illinois.edu
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Motl
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McAuley
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009043:Motor Activity; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult