Heterochromatin protein 1 is recruited to various types of DNA damage.
Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) family members are chromatin-associated proteins involved in transcription, replication, and chromatin organization. We show that HP1 isoforms HP1-alpha, HP1-beta, and HP1-gamma are recruited to ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage and double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cells. This response to DNA damage requires the chromo shadow domain of HP1 and is independent of H3K9 trimethylation and proteins that detect UV damage and DSBs. Loss of HP1 results in high sensitivity to UV light and ionizing radiation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, indicating that HP1 proteins are essential components of DNA damage response (DDR) systems. Analysis of single and double HP1 mutants in nematodes suggests that HP1 homologues have both unique and overlapping functions in the DDR. Our results show that HP1 proteins are important for DNA repair and may function to reorganize chromatin in response to damage.
Luijsterburg
Martijn S
MS
Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Dinant
Christoffel
C
Lans
Hannes
H
Stap
Jan
J
Wiernasz
Elzbieta
E
Lagerwerf
Saskia
S
Warmerdam
Daniël O
DO
Lindh
Michael
M
Brink
Maartje C
MC
Dobrucki
Jurek W
JW
Aten
Jacob A
JA
Fousteri
Maria I
MI
Jansen
Gert
G
Dantuma
Nico P
NP
Vermeulen
Wim
W
Mullenders
Leon H F
LH
Houtsmuller
Adriaan B
AB
Verschure
Pernette J
PJ
van Driel
Roel
R
D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects; D004260:DNA Repair; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D006657:Histones; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5