title: Acetic acid upregulates the expression of genes for fatty acid oxidation enzymes in liver to suppress body fat accumulation.
abstract: We investigated the effect of acetic acid (AcOH) on the prevention of obesity in high-fat-fed mice. The mice were intragastrically administrated with water or 0.3 or 1.5% AcOH for 6 weeks. AcOH administration inhibited the accumulation of body fat and hepatic lipids without changing food consumption or skeletal muscle weight. Significant increases were observed in the expressions of genes for peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and for fatty-acid-oxidation- and thermogenesis-related proteins: acetyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1), and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2), in the liver of the AcOH-treatment groups. PPARalpha, ACO, CPT-1, and UCP-2 gene expressions were increased in vitro by acetate addition to HepG2 cells. However, the effects were not observed in cells depleted of alpha2 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by siRNA. In conclusion, AcOH suppresses accumulation of body fat and liver lipids by upregulation of genes for PPARalpha and fatty-acid-oxidation-related proteins by alpha2 AMPK mediation in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Central Research Institute, Mizkan Group Corporation, Handa, Aichi 475-8585, Japan. t-kondo@mizkan.co.jp
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Mikiya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fushimi
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaga
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D018197:Hepatoblastoma; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D007473:Ion Channels; D008055:Lipids; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; C000604389:UCP2 protein, human; C000604390:Ucp2 protein, mouse; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; D019342:Acetic Acid