title: Men at increased risk of developing breast cancer: language preferences for naming a cancer-related mutation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients attending familial cancer clinics may find the term "mutation" offensive and potentially stigmatizing, yet there is little consensus in the literature as to the most appropriate alternative terms to describe a cancer-related mutation to individuals considering genetic testing for cancer risk. This study aimed to describe a cancer-related mutation in a rare group of familial cancer clinic patients: men at increased risk of carrying a breast cancer-related mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven men completed a self-report questionnaire that assessed their preferences for language to describe a cancer-related mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, men were most likely to spontaneously suggest the term "faulty gene" to describe a cancer-related mutation when asked an open-ended question about their language preferences. When asked to rate the term "faulty gene" in comparison to the terms "altered gene," "mutation," "nonworking gene," "malfunctioning gene," and "gene change," the term "faulty gene" received the highest mean preference rating in this sample of men at increased risk of developing breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This area of investigation remains controversial and would benefit from more formal and larger-scale investigations of the language preferences of individuals at increased risk of developing cancer.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. c.wakefield@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: Anne S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Juan
authors.forename: Nadine A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kasparian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000235:genetics*; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D009626:Terminology as Topic