title: A systematic review of the association between body checking and injury in youth ice hockey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to systematically examine the risk of injury associated with body checking in youth ice hockey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the relevant electronic databases was conducted including PubMed and Web of Science. The main search terms included "hockey, ice hockey, injury, body checking, child, adolescent, and pediatric."
  
  
  METHODS
  The initial search identified 898 potential articles, and, after verifying inclusion criteria, 260 articles were selected for further assessment. The Downs and Black instrument for nonrandomized studies (Downs 1998) was used to assess the quality of the articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies included reported on body checking as a mechanism of injury and compared injury rates in checking to non-checking leagues in children 20 years or younger.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria and they predominantly found increased injuries associated with body checking. The relative risk of injury associated with body checking in comparative studies ranged from 0.6 to 39.8. Checking was the reported mechanism of injury between 2.9% and 91% of injuries. All but 1 study that met our inclusion criteria found an increased risk of injuries when body checking was permitted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased injuries attributable to checking were found where checking was allowed. This study supports policies that disallow body checking to reduce injuries in young children.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. alison3@yorku.ca
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Warsh
authors.forename: Serban A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Constantin
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macpherson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006688:Hockey / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment