title: [Apoptosis of grass carp (Ctenopharngodon idellus) lymphocytes induced by the combination of microcystins and disinfection by-products in drinking water].
abstract: Aiming at the combined pollution of low dose microcystins (MCs) and disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water, the individual and combined cytotoxic effects of two MCs (MCLR and MCRR) and two DBP compounds (CHClBr1 and CHCl2Br) on the apoptosis of isolated grass carp (Ctenopharngodon idellus) lymphocytes were examined by using in vitro bioassays. The results showed that after 2 hours exposure to the four pollutants within the range of test concentrations, the apoptosis of isolated lymphocyte occurred, and there existed significant dose-effect relationship. The combined cytotoxic effects of 1 nmol x L(-1) MCLR or MCRR and 1-100 nmol x L(-1) CHClr2 or CHCl2Br were all of additive, and the apoptosis percent was highly correlated with the exposure dose. It was suggested that the apoptosis percent of grass carp lymphocytes could be used as an effective indicator to evaluate the cytotoxicity caused by the combined pollution of MCs and DBPs.
authors.affiliation: Environment and Ecology Research Center, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China. nwm1225@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Wan-min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Hang-jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chao-ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002347:Carps; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D052998:Microcystins / Q000633:toxicity*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D052998:Microcystins; D014873:Water Pollutants