title: Primary and booster immunization with a diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B (DTPa-HBV) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine administered separately or together is safe and immunogenic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of DTPa-HBV and Hib vaccines given mixed or separately to 360 healthy infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immune memory was assessed in lower responders (post-primary anti-PRP <0.545 microg/ml), through administration of plain polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) at 12-15 months. All subjects received a DTPa-HBV/Hib booster at 18-19 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One month after primary vaccination, 98% had seroprotective antibody levels against HBV and 94-97% against Hib (anti-PRP> or =0.15microg/ml). A statistically significant difference between groups was observed in the proportion of subjects who achieved anti-PRP antibodies > or =1.0microg/ml post-primary vaccination; 68.1% for DTPa-HBV/Hib and 84.5% for DTPa-HBV and Hib. PRP administered to lower responders produced a 7-fold increase in anti-PRP antibodies, indicative of immunological memory. After DTPa-HBV/Hib booster vaccination, 96-100% of subjects had seroprotective antibody concentrations against Hib, hepatitis B, tetanus, and diphtheria and high vaccine response rates against pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A robust and protective Hib response was demonstrated following plain PRP and/or a booster conjugate Hib vaccine in both lower and higher Hib responders.
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide and Paediatric Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide SA 5006, Australia. helen.marshall@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roberton
authors.forename: Leonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dinan
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hardt
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001315:Australia; D016667:Bacterial Capsules / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D004165:Diphtheria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007223:Infant; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D013742:Tetanus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014611:Vaccination; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; C044237:Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate; C122182:diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-Hib-hepatitis B vaccine