title: The effect of RANKL and OPG on bone mineral density in pre-dialysis chronic renal failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The influence of pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) on bone is ill defined. Isolation of specific pathogenic mechanisms would improve the understanding and therapeutic options. We therefore investigated whether parathyroid dysfunction, altered vitamin D and hormonal status, or RANKL and OPG have an influence on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with pre-dialysis renal failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  132 patients with chronic renal failure stage 1 - 5 (not yet on dialysis) were investigated in a cross sectional study. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL), parathyroid hormone (whole, intact and 7-84 fragment), bone markers, sex hormones, and vitamin D status were assessed together with femoral neck and trochanter z-score. Correlation and multivariate analyses were performed between the different parameters and BMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the multivariate analysis a significant association was found between the femoral neck z-score and sRANKL (B = -0.45; p < 0.001), and OPG (B = 0.20; p < 0.05). A significant negative association was also found between the trochanter z-score and sRANKL (B = -0.32; p < 0.001). No associations were found between the trochanter z-score and OPG or the sRANKL/OPG ratio. The body mass index was the only additional marker associated with both FN z-score (B = 0.20, p < 0.05) and TR z-score (B = 0.20, p < 0.05). Neither markers of osteoblast nor osteoclast activity, or intact PTH, whole PTH, the PTH 7-84 fragment or vitamin D status were related to bone mineral density.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that the RANKL/RANK/OPG system is associated with bone mineral density in pre-dialysis chronic renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fahrleitner-Pammer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dobnig
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Dimai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holzer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benesch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borchhardt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cejka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000503:physiopathology; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000097:blood*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000097:blood*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D053245:RANK Ligand; D014807:Vitamin D; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone