title: Functional health literacy among primary health-care patients: data from the Belgrade pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the last decade, health literacy has become a vibrant area of research. Our objective was to evaluate health literacy and its association with socio-demographic variables, self-perception of health and the presence of chronic conditions in primary health-care patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study among 120 patients was conducted in two primary health-care centers. The test of functional health literacy in adults, a 50-item reading comprehension and 17-item numerical ability test (score, 0-100) were administered. Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inadequate and marginal health literacy existed in 43 participants (41.0%), and adequate health literacy was present in 62 participants (59.0%). Functional health literacy was significantly different by location, gender, age, marital status, employment, education, material status, self-perception of health and presence of chronic conditions. Based on the multivariate analysis, health literacy was significantly associated with the participant's age (odds ratio [OR], 4.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.41-9.80; P = 0.000), level of education (OR, 4.48; 95% CI, 1.73-11.57; P = 0.002) and chronic conditions (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.16-3.11; P = 0.010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence that limitations in functional health literacy are widespread among primary health-care patients and encourage efforts for further monitoring. Low health literacy may impair a patient's understanding of health messages and limit their ability to attend to their medical problems.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Medicine, Medical School, Belgrade University, Dr Subotica 15, Belgrade, Serbia. aljvranes@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jovic-Vranes
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bjegovic-Mikanovic
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marinkovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D032882:Comprehension; D054626:Consumer Health Information; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D057220:Health Literacy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011320:Primary Health Care; D055771:Serbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult