title: Ambulance stretcher adverse events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ambulance personnel use wheeled stretchers for moving patients in the out-of-hospital setting. The nature of adverse events and associated injuries occurring during ambulance stretcher operation was characterised.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the United States Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database (MAUDE) were used. All adverse events involving ambulance stretchers during the years 1996-2005 were identified. The nature of the event, the method of stretcher handling, the individuals injured and the nature of the resulting injuries were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 671 reported adverse events. The most common adverse events were stretcher collapse (54%; 95% CI 50 to 57%), broken, missing or malfunctioning part (28%; 95% CI 25 to 32%) and dropped stretcher (7%; 95% CI 5 to 9%). Adverse events most commonly occurred during unloading of the stretcher from the ambulance (16%; 13 to 19%). Injuries occurred in 121 events (18%; 95% CI 15 to 21%), most often involving sprains/strains (29%), fractures (16%) and lacerations/avulsions (13%). There were three traumatic brain injuries and three deaths. Patients sustained injuries in 52 events (43%), and ambulance personnel sustained injuries in 64 events (53%). More than one individual sustained injuries in 12 events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adverse events may occur during ambulance stretcher operation and can result in significant injury to patients and ambulance personnel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia 15213, USA. wanghe@upmc.edu
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Abo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaliappan
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fairbanks
mesh_terms: D000552:Ambulances; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*