title: ROS1 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase is a slow-turnover catalyst that initiates DNA demethylation in a distributive fashion.
abstract: Arabidopsis ROS1 belongs to a family of plant 5-methycytosine DNA glycosylases that initiate DNA demethylation through base excision. ROS1 displays the remarkable capacity to excise 5-meC, and to a lesser extent T, while retaining the ability to discriminate effectively against C and U. We found that replacement of the C5-methyl group by halogen substituents greatly decreased excision of the target base. Furthermore, 5-meC was excised more efficiently from mismatches, whereas excision of T only occurred when mispaired with G. These results suggest that ROS1 specificity arises by a combination of selective recognition at the active site and thermodynamic stability of the target base. We also found that ROS1 is a low-turnover catalyst because it binds tightly to the abasic site left after 5-meC removal. This binding leads to a highly distributive behaviour of the enzyme on DNA substrates containing multiple 5-meC residues, and may help to avoid generation of double-strand breaks during processing of bimethylated CG dinucleotides. We conclude that the biochemical properties of ROS1 are consistent with its proposed role in protecting the plant genome from excess methylation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: María Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ponferrada-Marín
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roldán-Arjona
authors.forename: Rafael R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ariza
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D001665:Binding Sites; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D007700:Kinetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C471271:ROS1 protein, Arabidopsis; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D004247:DNA; C093335:5-methylcytosine-DNA glycosylase; D045647:DNA Glycosylases