title: Use of adipose stem cells and polylactide discs for tissue engineering of the temporomandibular joint disc.
abstract: There is currently no suitable replacement for damaged temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discs after discectomy. In the present study, we fabricated bilayer biodegradable polylactide (PLA) discs comprising a non-woven mat of poly(L/D)lactide (P(L/D)LA) 96/4 and a P(L/DL)LA 70/30 membrane plate. The PLA disc was examined in combination with adipose stem cells (ASCs) for tissue engineering of the fibrocartilaginous TMJ disc in vitro. ASCs were cultured in parallel in control and chondrogenic medium for a maximum of six weeks. Relative expression of the genes, aggrecan, type I collagen and type II collagen present in the TMJ disc extracellular matrix increased in the ASC-seeded PLA discs in the chondrogenic medium. The hypertrophic marker, type X collagen, was moderately induced. Alcian blue staining showed accumulation of sulphated glycosaminoglycans. ASC differentiation in the PLA discs was close to that observed in pellet cultures. Comparison of the mRNA levels revealed that the degree of ASC differentiation was lower than that in TMJ disc-derived cells and tissue. The pellet format supported the phenotype of the TMJ disc-derived cells under chondrogenic conditions and also enhanced their hyalinization potential, which is considered part of the TMJ disc degeneration process. Accordingly, the combination of ASCs and PLA discs has potential for the development of a tissue-engineered TMJ disc replacement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Medical School, and Regea-Institute for Regenerative Medicine, FM5/Regea, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland. katja.maenpaa@uta.fi
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mäenpää
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ellä
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mauno
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kellomäki
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suuronen
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ylikomi
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miettinen
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D011817:Rabbits; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; C033616:poly(lactide)