title: Association of RASGRP1 with type 1 diabetes is revealed by combined follow-up of two genome-wide studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The two genome-wide association studies published by us and by the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium (WTCCC) revealed a number of novel loci, but neither had the statistical power to elucidate all of the genetic components of type 1 diabetes risk, a task for which larger effective sample sizes are needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed data from two sources: (1) The previously published second stage of our study, with a total sample size of the two stages consisting of 1046 Canadian case-parent trios and 538 multiplex families with 929 affected offspring from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC); (2) the Rapid Response 2 (RR2) project of the T1DGC, which genotyped 4417 individuals from 1062 non-overlapping families, including 2059 affected individuals (mostly sibling pairs) for the 1536 markers with the highest statistical significance for type 1 diabetes in the WTCCC results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One locus, mapping to a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block at chr15q14, reached statistical significance by combining results from two markers (rs17574546 and rs7171171) in perfect LD with each other (r2 = 1). We obtained a joint p value of 1.3 x 10(-6), which exceeds by an order of magnitude the conservative threshold of 3.26 x 10(-5) obtained by correcting for the 1536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tested in our study. Meta-analysis with the original WTCCC genome-wide data produced a p value of 5.83 x 10(-9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel type 1 diabetes locus was discovered. It involves RASGRP1, a gene known to play a crucial role in thymocyte differentiation and T cell receptor (TCR) signalling by activating the Ras signalling pathway.
authors.forename: H Q
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: S F A
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bradfield
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frackelton
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakonarson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polychronakos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005190:Family; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000379:methods; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; C491790:RASGRP1 protein, human