title: Wound healing and the immune response in swine treated with a hemostatic bandage composed of salmon thrombin and fibrinogen.
abstract: We investigated the inflammatory response in pigs exposed to salmon fibrinogen/thrombin dressings. Animals were exposed to the material in 3 ways: (a) thrombin and fibrinogen were injected intravenously, (b) dual full-thickness skin lesions were surgically created on the dorsal aspect of the swine and treated with the fibrinogen/thrombin bandage and a commercial bandage or (c) a fibrinogen/thrombin bandage was inserted through an abdominal incision into the peritoneal cavity. Blood was collected twice weekly and animals were sacrificed at 7, 10 or 28 days. Animals in the 28-day dermal lesion group were given an injection of salmon fibrinogen/thrombin at the 10 day point to simulate a second bandage application. The immune response manifested itself as induction of germinal centers in mesenteric lymph nodes and in the white pulp of the spleen. Examination of the histology of the skin and organs showed a cellular inflammatory response with granulation tissue and signs of edema that resolved by the 28-day stage. Antibodies reactive to salmon and human thrombin and fibrinogen were detected, but fibrinogen levels and coagulation processes were not affected. In conclusion, animals treated with salmon fibrinogen/thrombin bandages demonstrated a smooth recovery course in terms of both tissue healing and the immune response without adverse effects from the exposure to the fish proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA. srothwell@usuhs.mil
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dorsey
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Flournoy
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Settle
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cadd
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Janmey
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Szabo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001458:Bandages / Q000009:adverse effects; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012474:Salmon / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013917:Thrombin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D005340:Fibrinogen; D013917:Thrombin