title: Bioeffects of low-energy continuous ultrasound on isolated sarcoma 180 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying bioeffects of low-intensity continuous ultrasound on isolated sarcoma 180 (S180) cells and cellular responses to these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  After sonication, several structural and functional parameters were examined to elucidate ultrasound-induced cell damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Instant disruption of the cell membrane might be caused by acoustic cavitation, producing mechanical and chemical effects that acted simultaneously on S180 cells; this could be reflected by immediate (morphological) changes such as membrane permeability, membrane fluidity, lipid peroxidation and the generation of hydroxyl radicals in culture medium. Our results of the delayed effects also indicated S180 cells were sensitive to ultrasound-induced apoptosis, and the rate of apoptosis rose gradually with a prolonged incubation time. The presence of apoptotic cells was identified by a distinct morphological form characterized by membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, delayed cytotoxicity was accompanied by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and the two events presented obviously a negative correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ROS secondarily generated from damaged mitochondria may play a role in the induction of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Quanhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhezhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Chendi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017302:Annexins / Q000032:analysis; D017209:Apoptosis; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002470:Cell Survival; D004161:Diphenylhexatriene / Q000378:metabolism; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008560:Membrane Fluidity; D012510:Sarcoma 180 / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017302:Annexins; D004161:Diphenylhexatriene; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase