Validity and reliability of Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence.
OBJECTIVE
"Social nicotine dependence" is a newly-coined phrase for describing a psychological and psychosocial state associated with smoking. That new dependence is defined as a misperception of smoking caused by smokers' attempts, for example, to deny the ill effects of tobacco and/or to justify themselves by regarding smoking as acceptable cultural and social behavior. It can be quantified by a 10-item questionnaire, the Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND). We examined the internal consistency as well as the criterion-related and construct validity and factor structure of KTSND.


METHODS
Self-administered questionnaires including the KTSND, smoking status, and stages in quitting smoking only for current smokers were collected from 666 industrial workers.


RESULTS
The internal consistency of the KTSND assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.77. In addition, we found that an 8-item combination from among 10 items had a higher coefficient of 0.80. KTSND scores differed among three groups of smoking status as a criterion. Factor analysis clarified two potential factors: "an overestimation of smoking's effects to enhance physical and mental status" and "an insistence on smoking as acceptable cultural and social behavior."


CONCLUSIONS
The KTSND proved to be valid in terms of the internal consistency and the inclusion of two key aspects of the misperception of smoking.
Otani
Tetsuya
T
Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan. tetsuya-otani@umin.ac.jp
Yoshii
Chiharu
C
Kano
Masato
M
Kitada
Masako
M
Inagaki
Koji
K
Kurioka
Narito
N
Isomura
Takeshi
T
Hara
Megumi
M
Okubo
Yukitoshi
Y
Koyama
Hiroshi
H
D000328:Adult; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*