title: Temporal pattern of strokes after on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of strokes has not decreased after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). The purpose of this study is to identify incidence, risk factors, and temporal pattern of strokes after on-pump and off-pump CABG.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 2,516 consecutive patients who underwent first elective isolated CABG. The primary endpoint was strokes within 30 days. The temporal onset of the deficits was classified by consensus as either an "early stroke," which is present just after emergence from anesthesia, or a "delayed stroke," which is present after first awaking from surgery without a neurologic deficit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than half of strokes (29 of 46; 63%) were delayed strokes. Patients undergoing off-pump CABG had significantly lower risk of early stroke (0.1% versus 1.1%, p = 0.0009), whereas the incidence of delayed strokes was not different significantly (0.9% versus 1.4%, p = 0.3484) between patients undergoing on-pump and off-pump CABG. In multivariate analyses, undergoing off-pump CABG was an independent protective factor for all strokes (relative risk 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.14 to 0.56, p = 0.0005) and early strokes (relative risk 0.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.003 to 0.24, p < 0.0001), but it was not an independent protective factor for delayed strokes (relative risk 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.24 to 1.17, p = 0.1210).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Undergoing off-pump CABG reduces the incidence of perioperative stroke mainly by minimizing early strokes; however, the risk of delayed strokes is not different between patients undergoing on-pump and off-pump CABG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. keinishi@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shizuta
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Natsuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ehara
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanuguchi
authors.forename: Yoshizumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haruna
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D013997:Time Factors