title: A 7-year longitudinal follow-up of intellectual development in children with congenital hemiplegia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to examine intellectual development in children with congenital hemiplegia from early childhood to adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-scale IQ (FIQ), Verbal IQ (VIQ), and Performance IQ (PIQ) scores were measured in 32 participants (19 males, 13 females) with congenital hemiplegia at mean ages of 4 years 6 months (SD 7mo; 31 participants), 7 years (SD 6mo; 23 participants), and 14 years (SD 1y 5mo; 26 participants).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FIQ and VIQ scores did not change with age, but the PIQ declined significantly (0.7 points per year; p=0.004). The estimated mean (95% confidence intervals) scores in males born at term with right-sided lesions without epilepsy were FIQ 106.5 (95.29-117.74), VIQ 105.9 (95.57-116.24), and PIQ 103.7 (93.19-114.31). Those means were negatively associated with preterm birth. PIQ was negatively associated with epilepsy. VIQ increased more quickly in males and in children with right-sided lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm previous findings of FIQ stability, PIQ decline, the impact of epilepsy, and the status of females with left-sided lesions, and also reveal the effect of gestational age at birth. They underline the importance of management focused on nonverbal functions and further the debate about the early lateralization of language, the 'crowding effect', and the difference in brain plasticity between males and females.
authors.affiliation: Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU Lyon Sud, L'Escale, Pierre-Bénite, France. sibylle.gonzalez-monge@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Monge
authors.forename: Baya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boudia
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abbas-Chorfa
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rabilloud
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iwaz
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bérard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D012737:Sex Factors; D014888:Wechsler Scales