title: Pharmacogenomic profiling of the PI3K/PTEN pathway in sporadic breast cancer.
abstract: Pharmacogenomics is the study of genetic variations among individuals to predict the probability that a patient will respond to single or multidrug chemotherapy. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. Treatment of breast cancer by application of biological rationales gives us the ability to match the correct pharmacology to individual tumour genetic profiles. The breast cancers exhibit multiple anomalies in phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase pathways, such as phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome TEN loss that can be put in context of therapy with rapamycin analogues. Considering the high incidence of breast cancer in Iran, the potential role of tumor suppressor PTEN/MMAC1gene was investigated in Isfahanian breast cancer patients.
  
  
  
  In this study, PTEN was evaluated by means of polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism, Heteroduplex mobility assay and direct DNA sequencing in 72 breast cancer tumors for detection and characterization of mutations.
  
  
  
  According to the results of this research, nucleotide substitutions were found in 5/72 (7%) of samples. The sporadic breast cancer patient was found to be heterozygote for the p.D92N, p.C105W, p.D107N, p.A121P and p.R130Q mutations. One novel mutation, p.D107N, was found in this study.
  
  
  
  Loss of PTEN function in breast cancer can occur either by mutation or reduction of PTEN expression in almost half of sporadic breast tumors. This rate of mutations is an important consideration for novel therapeutic in which biological efficacy is influenced by the activity of PTEN.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Medical University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Issar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nassiri
authors.affiliation: 2Division of Pathology, Faculty of Science, 
  Medical University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faghihi
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Medical University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Manoochehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavassoli
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes / Q000378:metabolism; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human