title: [Comparison of two modified lidocaine solutions for local anesthesia in blepharoplasty].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare pain on injection of two modified anesthetic lidocaine solutions for use in upper blepharoplasty: 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, and 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine buffered 9:1 with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, double-masked study, 25 consecutive patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty were submitted to the anesthesic procedure. Each eyelid received one of two modified lidocaine solutions. Heart rate, systemic arterial pressure and oxygen saturation level were obtained before, during and after injection of two different anesthetic solutions. Patients used a 4-point scale to rate the perceived pain on injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All parameters were statistically analyzed and there was a significant difference in heart rate and oxygen saturation level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain on injection of eyelid anesthesia does not differ significantly with either buffered or unmodified lidocaine solutions.
authors.affiliation: Setores de Plástica Ocular e Orbita, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil. lopesdafonseca@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Nilson Lopes da
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Fonseca Júnior
authors.forename: Lucia Miriam Dumont
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lucci
authors.forename: Marianne Peixoto Sobral Giroldo
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Badessa
authors.forename: José Ricardo Carvalho Lima
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rehder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine