title: Multiple sclerosis patients' benefit-risk preferences: serious adverse event risks versus treatment efficacy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to estimate the willingness of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to accept life-threatening adverse event risks in exchange for improvements in their MS related health outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  MS patients completed a survey questionnaire that included a series of choice-format conjoint tradeoff tasks. Patients chose hypothetical treatments from pairs of treatment alternatives with varying levels of clinical efficacy and associated risks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 651 patients who completed the survey, delay in years to disability progression was the most important factor in treatment preferences. In return for decreases in relapse rates from 4 to 1 and increases in delay in progression from 3 to 5 years, patients were willing to accept a 0.38% annual risk of death or disability from PML, a 0.39% annual risk of death from liver failure or a 0.48% annual risk of death from leukemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical interventions carry risks of adverse outcomes that must be evaluated against their clinical benefits. Most MS patients indicated they are willing to accept risks in exchange for clinical efficacy. Patient preferences for potential benefits and risks can assist in decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Research Triangle Institute, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA. frjohnson@rti.org
authors.forename: F Reed
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Houtven
authors.forename: Semra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hass
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J Theodore
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002755:Choice Behavior; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents