title: Efficacy of cuff inflation media to prevent postintubation-related emergence phenomenon: air, saline and alkalinized lignocaine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wished to examine the efficacy of different media used for inflation of tracheal tube cuffs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our prospective randomized, controlled study over 3 months, there were 150 patients of either sex undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia with controlled ventilation with nitrous oxide and oxygen. The patients were divided into three equal groups (air, isotonic saline and alkalinized lignocaine as inflation media) using sealed envelope technique. The volume of the inflation medium, intracuff pressure, duration of intubation, volume of the inflation medium withdrawn from the cuff and complications like tube intolerance, coughing on tube, restlessness, hoarseness, sore throat, breathlessness and laryngospasm were analysed. Continuous data are presented as mean +/- SD, whereas categorical data are presented as frequencies and percentages. A [chi]2, analysis of variance and student's t-test were used to analyse the data. A P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, sex, duration of intubation, intracuff pressure at the time of intubation were comparable. After intubation at all intervals, the intracuff pressure was higher in the air group with statistical significance at 5 min, 30 min, 1 h and just before extubation when air and saline groups were comparable and at all intervals after intubation up to just before extubation when air and lignocaine groups were comparable. The volume of air increased just before extubation in the air group, as compared with a fall in volume in the other groups. Tube intolerance, hoarseness and sore throat were least in the lignocaine group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that alkalinized 2% lignocaine and saline are better cuff inflation media, than air.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Seth GSMC & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. preranaps@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Prerana P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Shroff
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000388:Air; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011312:Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008012:Lidocaine