title: Sonographic diagnosis for Mikulicz disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate the diagnostic imaging characteristics of Mikulicz disease (MD), especially sonographic ones, and to clarify the differences between them and those in Sjögren syndrome (SS), based on new criteria of MD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sonographic and sialographic images, as well as clinical, histopathologic, and serologic findings of 9 patients satisfying the new criteria of MD were analyzed and compared with those in SS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All swollen submandibular glands showed bilateral nodal hypoechoic areas with high vascularization on sonograms and a parenchymal defect on sialograms, whereas parotid glands showed normal or slight change on both images. Nodal areas in submandibular gland sonograms were unclear on computerized tomography and on magnetic resonance imaging, but showed accumulation on gallium scintigraphy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mikulicz disease showed a high rate of bilateral nodal change in submandibular glands, which was completely different from SS. For detection and follow-up of these changes, sonography may be the best imaging modality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. shimizu@rad.dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawazu
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chikui
authors.forename: Tazuko K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshiura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008882:Mikulicz' Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010305:Parotid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012796:Sialography; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D013364:Submandibular Gland Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals