title: A new family of receptor tyrosine kinases with a venus flytrap binding domain in insects and other invertebrates activated by aminoacids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) comprise a large family of membrane receptors that regulate various cellular processes in cell biology of diverse organisms. We previously described an atypical RTK in the platyhelminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni, composed of an extracellular Venus flytrap module (VFT) linked through a single transmembrane domain to an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain similar to that of the insulin receptor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we show that this receptor is a member of a new family of RTKs found in invertebrates, and particularly in insects. Sixteen new members of this family, named Venus Kinase Receptor (VKR), were identified in many insects. Structural and phylogenetic studies performed on VFT and TK domains showed that VKR sequences formed monophyletic groups, the VFT group being close to that of GABA(B) receptors and the TK one being close to that of insulin receptors. We show that a recombinant VKR is able to autophosphorylate on tyrosine residues, and report that it can be activated by L-arginine. This is in agreement with the high degree of conservation of the alpha amino acid binding residues found in many amino acid binding VFTs. The presence of high levels of vkr transcripts in larval forms and in female gonads indicates a putative function of VKR in reproduction and/or development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of RTKs specific for parasites and insect vectors raises new perspectives for the control of human parasitic and infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Inserm U547, Université de Lille 2, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahier
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rondard
authors.forename: Nadège
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gouignard
authors.forename: Naji
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khayath
authors.forename: Siluo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trolet
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Donoghue
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pin
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dissous
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006066:Gonads / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007313:Insecta / Q000201:enzymology; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000201:enzymology*; D007814:Larva / Q000201:enzymology; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases