title: Treatment patterns for early pregnancy failure in Michigan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe current treatment patterns for early pregnancy failure (EPF) among women enrolled in two Michigan health plans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of EPF treatment among Michigan Medicaid enrollees between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2004, and enrollees of a university-affiliated health plan between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2005. Episodes were identified by the presence of a diagnostic code for EPF. Surgical treatment was distinguished from nonsurgical management using procedure codes. Facility charges, procedure, and place of service codes were used to determine whether a procedure was done in an office as opposed to an operating room. Cases without a claim for surgical uterine evacuation were examined for a misoprostol pharmacy claim and, if present, were classified as medical management. Cases without a procedure or pharmacy claim were classified as expectant management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respectively, we identified 21,311 and 1,493 episodes of EPF in the Medicaid and university-affiliated health plan databases, respectively. Women enrolled in Medicaid were more likely to be treated with surgery than were enrollees of the university-affiliated health plan (35.3 vs. 18.0%, respectively, p < 0.000). Among Medicaid enrollees, only 0.5% of surgical evacuations occurred in the office, but office procedures were common among enrollees of the university-affiliated health plan (30.5%, p < 0.000). The proportion of cases managed with misoprostol was <1% in both groups. Caucasian race and age were both associated with having a surgical uterine evacuation (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPF is primarily being treated with expectant management or surgical evacuation in an operating room and may not reflect evidence-based practices or patient preferences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, L4000, Women's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. daltonvk@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Vanessa K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.forename: Lisa H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guire
authors.forename: A Mark
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fendrick
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D000032:Abortion, Therapeutic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004107:Dilatation and Curettage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires