title: TDP-43 is intrinsically aggregation-prone, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked mutations accelerate aggregation and increase toxicity.
abstract: Non-amyloid, ubiquitinated cytoplasmic inclusions containing TDP-43 and its C-terminal fragments are pathological hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal motor neuron disorder, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U). Importantly, TDP-43 mutations are linked to sporadic and non-SOD1 familial ALS. However, TDP-43 is not the only protein in disease-associated inclusions, and whether TDP-43 misfolds or is merely sequestered by other aggregated components is unclear. Here, we report that, in the absence of other components, TDP-43 spontaneously forms aggregates bearing remarkable ultrastructural similarities to TDP-43 deposits in degenerating neurons of ALS and FTLD-U patients [corrected] . The C-terminal domain of TDP-43 is critical for spontaneous aggregation. Several ALS-linked TDP-43 mutations within this domain (Q331K, M337V, Q343R, N345K, R361S, and N390D) increase the number of TDP-43 aggregates and promote toxicity in vivo. Importantly, mutations that promote toxicity in vivo accelerate aggregation of pure TDP-43 in vitro. Thus, TDP-43 is intrinsically aggregation-prone, and its propensity for toxic misfolding trajectories is accentuated by specific ALS-linked mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Snead
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McCaffery
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shorter
authors.forename: Aaron D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Gitler
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D017510:Protein Folding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050505:Mutant Proteins