title: [Death of an infant following 'craniosacral' manipulation of the neck and spine].
abstract: A healthy 3-month-old girl died after manipulation of the cervical and thoracolumbar spine by a so-called craniosacral therapist. During persistent forced deep flexion of the neck and spine, the infant developed faecal incontinence, atonia and apnoea followed by an asystole. A physical examination, additional MRI studies and an autopsy indicated that the infant probably died as a consequence of local neurovascular lesions of the cervical spine or a mechanically-induced respiratory problem. This is the second reported case of an infant dying after forced manipulations of the neck. Until there is scientific evidence for the effectiveness and safety of forced manipulations of the vertebral column, we advise against this treatment in neonates and infants.
authors.affiliation: Universitair Medisch Centrum St Radboud, Nijmegen. m.holla@orthop.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Micha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holla
authors.forename: Marloes M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ijland
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van der Vliet
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Carin W M
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Verlaat
mesh_terms: D003448:Crying; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008405:Massage / Q000401:mortality*; D012449:Safety