title: Peritoneal mesothelial cells as a target of local aldosterone action: upregulation of connective tissue growth factor expression via serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peritoneal fibrosis can lead to the discontinuation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The present study investigated the direct effect of aldosterone, which influences tissue fibrosis, and its cellular mechanism using cultured rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), mineralocorticoid receptors, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase 1 (SGK1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was evaluated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The ability of RPMCs to produce aldosterone was examined by enzyme immunoassay. Small interfering RNA of SGK1 was transfected to determine the role of SGK1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CYP11B2, mineralocorticoid receptors and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 were expressed in RPMCs. The release of aldosterone from RPMCs into the culture medium was confirmed. Stimulation of RPMCs with the addition of aldosterone significantly increased SGK1 expression and phosphorylation and CTGF upregulation, and these effects were completely inhibited by the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone. SGK1 gene silencing abrogated aldosterone-induced CTGF expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The local aldosterone system exists and acts directly as a profibrotic factor in the peritoneal mesothelium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Yasukiyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Taikou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sonomura
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamahara
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsubara
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D056627:Peritoneal Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases
chemical_list: D000450:Aldosterone; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases