title: Screening for substance abuse among adolescents validity of the CAGE-AID in youth mental health care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the diagnostic accuracy of the four-item self-report and parent-report versions of the CAGE-AID as a screen for substance-use disorders (SUD) among adolescents in mental health care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were 190 Dutch treatment-seeking adolescents (12-18 years old, mean age 15.5 years, 53% boys) and their parents who completed the CAGE-AID questionnaire during intake. DSM-IV clinical diagnoses were used as gold standard in receiver operating characteristic analyses to determine psychometric properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychometric properties for both the self-report and the parent-report versions showed the CAGE-AID's excellent diagnostic accuracy in predicting SUD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CAGE-AID seems to be a brief and valid instrument for detecting SUD among adolescents in mental health care. However, denial may play a role in both the CAGE-AID and the clinical interviews. More research is needed to further establish the CAGE-AID's usefulness in other settings. The study's limitations have been noted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre & Karakter University Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. C.Couwenbergh@psy.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Christianne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Couwenbergh
authors.forename: Rutger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Van Der Gaag
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koeter
authors.forename: Corine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Ruiter
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van den Brink
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008605:Mental Health Services; D009426:Netherlands; D011594:Psychometrics; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*