title: Levodopa-induced striatal activation in Parkinson's disease: a functional MRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of a single levodopa dose (200 mg levodopa, 50 mg carbidopa=sdLD) on cortical and subcortical motor-circuit activation during bimanual grip force in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 12 right-handed patients with PD (Hoehn-Yahr stages I-II) after a period of at least 12 h without medication (OFF state) and a second time 1 h after oral administration of sdLD (ON state) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Blood-oxygenation-level-dependency (BOLD) fMRI was measured while participants underwent two unilateral and two bimanual grip force movements with a defined movement amplitude and force (10N) in a block design. 12 age matched healthy subjects were studied as controls (without administration of sdLD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bimanual grip force tasks activated a specific pattern of cortical and subcortical structures in all patients during the OFF state and after levodopa administration with statistically significant differences in putamen and thalamus comparing the OFF and ON condition. In contrast, no such significant changes were observed in cortical structures. Between-group analysis revealed higher putaminal activity in controls compared to OFF state in bimanual tasks, while these differences disappeared after administration of levodopa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the putamen and thalamus are the regions within the cortico-subcortical motor-circuit with most prominent response to levodopa. In our study, cortical motor areas did not respond to levodopa as one could have expected from previous studies. These findings contribute to the increasing evidence that an extended model of the underlying pathophysiology of motor dysfunctions in PD is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. eduard.kraft@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Loichinger
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diepers
authors.forename: Dorothée
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lule
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Albert C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ludolph
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Storch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007980:Levodopa