title: Venomous spiders, snakes, and scorpions in the United States.
abstract: Venomous bites and stings are complex poisonings that have local and systemic effects. Mild envenomations can be treated with supportive care. Severe envenomations can be treated definitively with species-specific antivenom, although the use of these products has potential risk of immediate and a more delayed onset form of hypersensitivity reactions. Consultation with a toxicologist is recommended to help guide therapy. Field treatments such as tourniquets and incision likely cause more harm than benefit and should be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Indian Health Service, Tuba City Regional Health Care Corporation,Tuba City, Arizona 86045, USA. steve.holve@tchealth.org
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holve
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods; D065008:Scorpion Stings; D012605:Scorpions / Q000145:classification*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D012911:Snakes / Q000145:classification*; D013045:Species Specificity; D001098:Spider Bites / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D013112:Spiders / Q000145:classification*; D014688:Venoms / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D014688:Venoms