title: Upregulation of Eps8 in oral squamous cell carcinoma promotes cell migration and invasion through integrin-dependent Rac1 activation.
abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a lethal disease and early death usually occurs as a result of local invasion and regional lymph node metastases. Current treatment regimens are, to a certain degree, inadequate, with a 5-year mortality rate of around 50% and novel therapeutic targets are urgently required. Using expression microarrays, we identified the eps8 gene as being overexpressed in OSCC cell lines relative to normal oral keratinocytes, and confirmed these findings using RT-PCR and western blotting. In human tissues, we found that Eps8 was upregulated in OSCC (32% of primary tumors) compared with normal oral mucosa, and that expression correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis (P=0.032), suggesting a disease-promoting effect. Using OSCC cell lines, we assessed the functional role of Eps8 in tumor cells. Although suppression of Eps8 produced no effect on cell proliferation, both cell spreading and migration were markedly inhibited. The latter cell functions may be modulated through the small GTP-ase, Rac1 and we used pull-down assays to investigate the role of Eps8 in Rac1 signaling. We found that alphavbeta6- and alpha5beta1-integrin-dependent activation of Rac1 was mediated through Eps8. Knockdown of either Eps8 or Rac1, inhibited integrin-dependent cell migration similarly and transient expression of constitutively active Rac1 restored migration of cells in which Eps8 expression had been suppressed. We also showed that knockdown of Eps8 inhibited tumor cell invasion in an organotypic model of OSCC. These data suggest that Eps8 and Rac1 are part of an integrated signaling pathway modulating integrin-dependent tumour cell motility and identify Eps8 as a possible therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jenei
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moutasim
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Benn
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Threadgold
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Paterson
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D034622:RNA Interference; D019030:Receptors, Vitronectin / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C489989:EPS8 protein, human; D016023:Integrins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C107953:RAC1 protein, human; D019030:Receptors, Vitronectin; C094340:integrin alphavbeta1; C073878:integrin alphavbeta6; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein