title: Association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome is a complex medical disorder characterized by visceral fat-type obesity involving hypertension, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and components of metabolic syndrome (obesity, lipid abnormality, hypertension, and hyperglycemia) in industrial workers of a single company in Tokyo, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects consisted of 2478 adult employees (2028 men and 450 women; mean age: 43.3 years). The association between the presence of periodontal pockets and components of metabolic syndrome was investigated cross-sectionally using multiple logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (ORs), and 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body mass index, blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in patients with periodontal pockets of 4 mm or more. We found that the OR of the presence of periodontal pockets adjusted for age, gender, and smoking habit was 1.8 (96 percent CI = 1.4-2.3) when the subjects with two positive components and without positive component were compared. And it was 2.4 (96 percent CI = 1.7-2.7) when the subjects with three or four positive components and without positive component were compared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest an association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome in Japanese workers between the ages of 20 and 60 years.
authors.affiliation: Lion Foundation for Dental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Norihide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishinoue
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motohashi
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin