title: Estimation of premorbid general fluid intelligence using traditional Chinese reading performance in Taiwanese samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the present study were to (i) investigate if traditional Chinese word reading ability can be used for estimating premorbid general intelligence; and (ii) to provide multiple regression equations for estimating premorbid performance on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM), using age, years of education and Chinese Graded Word Reading Test (CGWRT) scores as predictor variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and twenty-six healthy volunteers (201 male, 225 female), aged 16-93 years (mean +/- SD, 41.92 +/- 18.19 years) undertook the tests individually under supervised conditions. Seventy percent of subjects were randomly allocated to the derivation group (n = 296), and the rest to the validation group (n = 130).
  
  
  RESULTS
  RSPM score was positively correlated with CGWRT score and years of education. RSPM and CGWRT scores and years of education were also inversely correlated with age, but the declining trend for RSPM performance against age was steeper than that for CGWRT performance. Separate multiple regression equations were derived for estimating RSPM scores using different combinations of age, years of education, and CGWRT score for both groups. The multiple regression coefficient of each equation ranged from 0.71 to 0.80 with the standard error of estimate between 7 and 8 RSPM points. When fitting the data of one group to the equations derived from its counterpart group, the cross-validation multiple regression coefficients ranged from 0.71 to 0.79. There were no significant differences in the 'predicted-obtained' RSPM discrepancies between any equations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The regression equations derived in the present study may provide a basis for estimating premorbid RSPM performance.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Behavioral Science, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei Shan, Tao Yuan County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Meng-Yang
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Kwan-Ju
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chia-Fen
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Shan-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011932:Reading; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013624:Taiwan; D014888:Wechsler Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data