title: Perinatal exposure to low-dose 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether affects growth in rat offspring: what is the role of IGF-1?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of environmental contaminants increasing in North America. Few data are available on their growth effects at low doses exposure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal in the present study was to evaluate whether low doses of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), which is the most abundant PBDE found in human samples, affects growth and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Dams were exposed either to the vehicle or low doses of BDE-47 (0.002 and 0.2mg/kgbody weight) every fifth day from gestation day 15 to postnatal day (PND) 20 by intravenous injections. Developmental landmarks, body length and body weight of pups were assessed during the first months of life. A glucose tolerance test was performed on PND 40 and 75. Plasma IGF-1 was analysed in trunk blood on PND 27.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to BDE-47 increased plasma IGF-1 and glucose uptake in male but not in female pups. Developmental landmarks were not influenced by BDE-47 while body weight and body length was increased in both exposed male and female offspring during the first months of development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate alteration of growth in rat offspring induced by BDE-47 at levels found in human population. The possible involvement of the growth hormone-IGF axis is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Département Obstétrique Gynécologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada. Alexander.Suvorov@USherbrooke.ca
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suvorov
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Battista
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Takser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008098:Litter Size / Q000187:drug effects; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D005947:Glucose