title: Effects of four recovery methods on repeated maximal rock climbing performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considering the development of rock climbing as a competitive sport, we aimed at investigating the influence of four recovery methods on subsequent maximal climbing performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomly assigned crossover design, 13 female well-trained climbers (27.1 +/- 8.9 yr) came to the climbing center on four occasions separated by 1 wk. On each occasion, they had to perform two climbing tests (C1 and C2) until volitional exhaustion on a prepracticed route (overhanging wall, level 6b). These two tests were separated by 20 min of recovery. Four recovery methods were used in randomized order: passive recovery, active recovery (cycle ergometer, 30-40 W), electromyostimulation on the forearm muscles (bisymmetric TENS current), or cold water immersion of the forearms and arms (three periods of 5 min at 15 +/- 1 degrees C). Climbing tests' performance was reflected by the number of arm movements and climb duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using active recovery and cold water immersion, performance at C2 was maintained in comparison with C1, whereas C2 performance was impaired compared with C1 (P< 0.01) using electromyostimulation and passive recovery (recovery method-by-climb interaction, P < 0.05). Blood lactate decreased during recovery, with the greatest decrease occurring during active recovery (time-by-recovery method interaction, P < 0.001). Arms and forearms' skin temperatures were lower throughout the cold water immersion compared with the other three methods (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Active recovery and cold water immersion are two means of preserving performance when repeating acute exhausting climbing trails in female climbers. These positive effects are accompanied by a greater lactate removal and a decrease in subcutaneous tissues temperatures, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Movement Studies, EA3608, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Lille 2 University, France.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heyman
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: DE Geus
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meeusen
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003080:Cold Temperature; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D009051:Mountaineering
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid