title: Increased oxidative/nitrosative stress and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was aimed to evaluate the oxidative/nitrosative stress status in prostate cancer (CaP) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  312 men from two different populations were included: 163 men from Macedonia (73 CaP patients, 67 BPH patients and 23 control subjects) and 149 men from Turkey (34 prostate cancer patients, 100 BPH patients and 15 control subjects). We measured erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT); plasma nitrite/nitrate (NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-)), cGMP and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A similar pattern of alteration in the oxidative/nitrosative stress-related parameters was found in both, Macedonian and Turkish studied samples: higher MDA concentrations with lower GPX and CuZn-SOD activities in CaP patients versus controls and BPH groups. The CAT activity was decreased in the CaP patients versus controls in the Turkish studied sample. Furthermore, CaP patients had increased plasma NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) and cGMP levels versus controls and BPH groups in both studied samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has confirmed an imbalance in the oxidative stress/antioxidant status and revealed an altered nitrosative status in prostate cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Republic Institute for Health Protection, Department of Drug Quality Control, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
authors.forename: Zorica
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Arsova-Sarafinovska
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eken
authors.forename: Nadica
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matevska
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sayal
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savaser
authors.forename: Saso
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banev
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petrovski
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dzikova
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Georgiev
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sikole
authors.forename: Yaşar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozgök
authors.forename: Ljubica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Suturkova
authors.forename: Aleksandar J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dimovski
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology*; D018843:Republic of North Macedonia; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase