title: Determination of 2,5-hexanedione in urine by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography.
abstract: 2,5-Hexanedione (2,5-HD) is the most important metabolite of n-hexane and methyl ethyl ketone in human urine. Urinary 2,5-HD is used as a biomarker for biological monitoring of workers exposed to n-hexane. A simple method using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame-ionization detector (FID) was developed. The parameters that affect the HS-SPME-GC-FID process were optimized (i.e., fiber coating, sample volume, adsorption and heating time, salt addition, and extraction temperature). The assay presented linearity in the range of 0.075 to 20.0 mg/L, precision (coefficient of variation < 7.0%), and detection limit of 0.025 mg/L for 2,5-HD in urine. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of 2,5-HD in urine samples from eight workers occupationally exposed to n-hexane in shoemaker's glue.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Felipe F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Patrícia P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: Maria José N
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.forename: Maria Elisa P B
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Siqueira
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001711:Biotransformation; D002138:Calibration; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000592:standards; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005410:Flame Ionization; D006586:Hexanes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006588:Hexanones / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012775:Shoes; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D015415:Biomarkers; D006586:Hexanes; D006588:Hexanones; C026385:n-hexane; C011269:2,5-hexanedione