title: Maxillary ridge augmentation with fresh-frozen bone allografts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present investigation clinically and histologically evaluated the use of fresh-frozen bone in the reconstruction of maxillary alveolar ridges to confirm the effective bone fill and support for the placement of dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients who had atrophic maxillary ridge necessitating bone block grafts prior to implant placement were submitted to maxillary reconstructions performed with human block grafts of tibia fresh-frozen chips. Nine months later the re-entry procedures were carried out and at this time a bone core was removed from the grafts for histological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four blocks were placed, and the number of blocks each patient received ranged from 1 to 4. During the re-entry procedures, all of the grafts were found to be firm in consistency, well-incorporated, and vascularized. A total of 51 implants were placed over the grafts with a minimum of 40-Newton torque in all cases. None of the implants were lost. The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 35 months. The histological analysis revealed a living bone that showed features characteristic of mature and compact osseous tissue surrounded by marrow spaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone allografts can be successful as graft material for the treatment of maxillary ridge defects. If adequate surgical techniques are adopted, this type of bone graft can be safely used in regions of implant placement as a suitable alternative to autogenous grafts.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. cintiacontar@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cintia Mussi Milani
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Contar
authors.forename: João Rodrigo
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sarot
authors.forename: Jayme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bordini
authors.forename: Gustavo Holtz
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.forename: Gastão Vale
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Nicolau
authors.forename: Maria Angela Naval
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001284:Atrophy; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000601:surgery; D001863:Bone Screws; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000473:pathology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008439:Maxillary Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants