title: Endovenous laser ablation-induced complications: review of the literature and new cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the last decade, minimally invasive techniques have been introduced in the treatment of lower extremity varicosities. Of these therapies, endovenous laser ablation is the most widely accepted and used treatment option for insufficient great and short saphenous veins.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present a review of reported common and rare and minor and major complications associated with endovenous laser ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of studies and case reports on endovenous laser ablation-induced complications. The complications were classified as minor or major according to the Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice Committee guidelines on reporting complications. A case-series of complications after endovenous laser ablation is presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ecchymoses and pain are frequently reported side effects of endovenous laser ablation. Nerve injury, skin burns, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism seldom occur. An exceptional complication is a material or device that by accident remains inside the body after the procedure. Ecchymosis, pain, induration, skin burns, dysesthesia, superficial thrombophlebitis, and hematoma were classified as minor complications. Deep vein thrombosis and nerve injury were classified as major complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovenous laser ablation may be considered a safe treatment of lower extremity varicosities. The incidence of common side effects may decrease with better laser parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Renate R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Van Den Bos
authors.forename: Martino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Kees-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: De Roos
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nijsten
mesh_terms: D004438:Ecchymosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000601:surgery; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000601:surgery*