title: Crystal structure of PD-L1, a ribosome inactivating protein from Phytolacca dioica L. leaves with the property to induce DNA cleavage.
abstract: The structure of the highly glycosylated type 1 ribosome inactivating protein PD-L1 was determined by X-ray crystallography. This protein belongs to a group of four PD-Ls (PD-L1-4) expressed in Phytolacca dioica leaves. Of these, PD-L1 and PD-L2 are endowed with the ability to cleave double strand DNA, a property which is not shared by the other two components of the family. Single crystals of native PD-L1, the most glycosylated, were obtained using seeding techniques and phase determination was achieved using molecular replacement. To investigate the role of glycosylation in the different functionality of these proteins, we performed DNA cleavage assays on the E. coli plasmid pBR322. These experiments revealed that DNA cleaving ability does not depend on the level of glycosylation of PD-L1, since there is no difference in the activities displayed by native PD-L1 and a recombinant non-glycosylated form. Besides, confirming that DNA cleavage by PD-L1 cannot be attributed to contaminations, these data unambiguously show that functional changes between PD-L1 and PD-L4 are solely to be attributed to their sequence differences. On the basis of the comparison of PD-L1 and PD-L4 crystal structures, we propose possible structural determinants responsible for their different functional behavior.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Napoli I-80134, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruggiero
authors.forename: Antimo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Maro
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Severino
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chambery
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berisio
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D053837:DNA Cleavage / Q000187:drug effects; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D029603:Phytolacca / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1