title: Manipulative therapy for pregnancy and related conditions: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence on the effects of Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT) on back pain and other related symptoms during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted using Pubmed, Manual, Alternative and Natural Therapy Index System, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Index to Chiropractic Literature, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. In addition hand searches and reference tracking were also performed, and the citation list was assessed for comprehensiveness by content experts.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review was limited to peer-reviewed manuscripts published in English from 1966 until September 2008. The initial search strategy yielded 140 citations of which 12 studies were reviewed for quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed independently using quality checklists of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network and Council on Chiropractic Guidelines and Practice Parameters. The review indicates that the use of SMT during pregnancy to reduce back pain and other related symptoms is supported by limited evidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, this body of evidence is best described as emergent. However, since effective treatments for pregnancy-related back pain are limited, clinicians may want to consider SMT as a treatment option, if no contraindications are present.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  After completion of this article, the reader should be able to describe the concepts of spinal manipulative therapy and types of symptoms for which it might be considered in pregnancy, explain the quality of available research on the use of spinal manipulative therapy, and plan to discuss this therapy with interested pregnant patients.
authors.affiliation: Military Medical Research and Integrative Medicine, Samueli Institute, Corona del Mar, California 92625, USA. rkhorsan@siib.org
authors.forename: Raheleh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khorsan
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hawk
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lisi
authors.forename: Anupama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kizhakkeveettil
mesh_terms: D001416:Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000628:therapy*