title: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the operating room: early experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the Western world and the proportion of patients unsuitable for conventional surgery is increasing as a result of aging and comorbidities. We report our early experience with transcatheter aortic valve implantation in high-risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcatheter Edwards-SAPIEN valve implantation was attempted in 22 patients (80 +/- 5 years) in whom surgical risk was deemed excessive because of older age, poor left ventricular function, comorbidities, or all. A retrograde transarterial approach was used in 15 cases. In seven cases, valve implantation was performed by transapical approach because of aortic or iliac artery tortuosity, or both, and stenosis. All procedures were performed without cardiopulmonary bypass. Rapid ventricular pacing was used to reduce cardiac output while delivering balloon-expandable prosthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient died because of aortic dissection during early catheterization maneuvers. In the remaining patients, procedural success was achieved in all cases. Successful valve replacement was associated with an increase in transthoracic echocardiographic valve area from 0.65 +/- 0.14 to 2.2 +/- 0.4 cm2 and significant improvement in clinical condition. During the course of this experience, we encountered three (13.6%) cases of vascular complications related to transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study confirms the excellent hemodynamic performances of the transcatheter-implanted aortic prosthesis, with both transarterial and transapical approaches, in inoperable candidates with end-stage aortic stenosis. With progressive improvement in patient selection, techniques, equipment, and operator endovascular skills, vascular complications can decline further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fusari
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alamanni
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bona
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parolari
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biglioli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome