title: Screening for drugs in oral fluid: drug driving and illicit drug use in a sample of Queensland motorists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Random roadside oral fluid testing is becoming increasingly popular as an apprehension and deterrence-based countermeasure to reduce drug driving. This article outlines research conducted to provide an estimate of the extent of drug driving in a sample of drivers in Brisbane, Queensland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral fluid samples were collected from 1587 drivers who volunteered to participate at random breath testing (RBT) sites. Illicit substances tested for included cannabis (delta 9 tetrahydrocannibinol [THC]), meth/amphetamines, and cocaine. Drivers also completed a self-report questionnaire regarding their drug-related driving behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral fluid samples from 58 participants (3.7%) were confirmed positive for at least one illicit substance. The most common drugs detected in oral fluid were ecstasy (n = 35) followed by cannabis (n = 20). Similarly, cannabis was confirmed as the most common self-reported drug combined with driving. Nevertheless, individuals who tested positive to any drug through oral fluid analysis were also more likely to report the highest frequency of drug driving.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research provides evidence that drug driving is relatively prevalent on some Queensland roads, and thus the behavior presents as a serious road safety threat. This article will further outline the study findings and present possible directions for future drug driving research.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Beams Road, Carseldine, Queensland 4503, Australia. j.davey@qut.edu.au
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011793:Queensland; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult