title: Reducing vertical HIV transmission in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: trends in HIV prevalence and service delivery.
abstract: Scale-up of vertical HIV transmission prevention has been too slow in sub-Saharan Africa. We describe approaches, challenges, and results obtained in Kinshasa. Staff members of 21 clinics managed by public servants or non-governmental organizations were trained in improved basic antenatal care (ANC) including nevirapine (NVP)-based HIV transmission prevention. Program initiation was supported on-site logistically and technically. Aggregate implementation data were collected and used for program monitoring. Contextual information was obtained through a survey. Among 45,262 women seeking ANC from June 2003 through July 2005, 90% accepted testing; 792 (1.9%) had HIV of whom 599 (76%) returned for their result. Among 414 HIV+ women who delivered in participating maternities, NVP coverage was 79%; 92% of newborns received NVP. Differences were noted by clinic management in program implementation and HIV prevalence (1.2 to 3.0%). Initiating vertical HIV transmission prevention embedded in improved antenatal services in a fragile, fragmented, severely resource-deprived health care system was possible and improved over time. Scope and quality of service coverage should further increase; strategies to decrease loss to follow-up of HIV+ women should be identified to improve program effectiveness. The observed differences in HIV prevalence highlight the importance of selecting representative sentinel surveillance centers.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA. frieda_behets@unc.edu
authors.forename: Frieda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Behets
authors.forename: Gertrude Musuamba
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mutombo
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edmonds
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dulli
authors.forename: Martine Tabala
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Belting
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapinga
authors.forename: Athena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pantazis
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomlin
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okitolonda
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009938:Organizations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D019829:Nevirapine