title: [Work organisation improvement methods applied to activities of Blood Transfusion Establishments (BTE): Lean Manufacturing, VSM, 5S].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Continuous improvement of efficiency as well as new expectations from customers (quality and safety of blood products) and employees (working conditions) imply constant efforts in Blood Transfusion Establishments (BTE) to improve work organisations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Lean method (from "Lean" meaning "thin") aims at identifying wastages in the process (overproduction, waiting, over-processing, inventory, transport, motion) and then reducing them in establishing a mapping of value chain (Value Stream Mapping). It consists in determining the added value of each step of the process from a customer perspective. Lean also consists in standardizing operations while implicating and responsabilizing all collaborators. The name 5S comes from the first letter of five operations of a Japanese management technique: to clear, rank, keep clean, standardize, make durable. The 5S method leads to develop the team working inducing an evolution of the way in the management is performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Lean VSM method has been applied to blood processing (component laboratory) in the Pays de la Loire BTE. The Lean 5S method has been applied to blood processing, quality control, purchasing, warehouse, human resources and quality assurance in the Rhône-Alpes BTE. The experience returns from both BTE shows that these methods allowed improving: (1) the processes and working conditions from a quality perspective, (2) the staff satisfaction, (3) the efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experiences, implemented in two BTE for different processes, confirm the applicability and usefulness of these methods to improve working organisations in BTE.
authors.affiliation: Assurance Qualité, EFS Rhône-Alpes, Beynost, 01708 Miribel cedex, France. florence.bertholey@efs.sante.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertholey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bourniquel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rivery
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Coudurier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Follea
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000592:standards*; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006748:Hospital Departments / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D011786:Quality Control; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000458:organization & administration