title: Evaluation of daily glycemic profiles in well controlled children with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a continuous glucose monitoring system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective diabetes mellitus management requires to maintain blood glucose levels in a narrow range between hyperglycemia causing late complications, and danger of severe hypoglycemia. This objective may be difficult to achieve especially in small children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of daily glycemic profiles obtained using a continuous glucose monitoring system in well controlled children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 32 children (19 boys), aged 8.34+/-3.38 years, with a good metabolic control (HbA1c=6.59+/-0.66%), T1DM duration of 3.76+/-2.2 years, and daily insulin requirement of 0.69+/-0.2 U/kg, the Medtronic Guardian RT device was applied for 2.92+/-0.61 days. The data analysis performed in periods of day (7:00-22:00), night (22:00-7:00) and full recording consisted of following parameters: mean (mG) and standard deviation of glucose (sdG), excursion duration times (t) and mean glucose in following excursions (mGex): hyperglycemias >160 and >135 mg/dL (8.9 and 7.5 mmol/L), and hypoglycemias <55 and <70 mg/dL (3 and 3.9 mmol/L).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analyzed parameters did not vary between periods of day, night and full recording. For full recording values were: mG=120.9 mg/dL (6.72 mmol/L), sdG=39.73 mg/dL (2.18 mmol/L), t>135=32.04%, t>160=17.29%, mGex>135=169,78 mg/dL (9.43 mmol/L), mGex>160=189.2 mg/dL (10.51 mmol/L), t<55=0.91%, t<70=8.78%, Gex<55=51.99 mg/dL (2.89 mmol/L), mGex<70=63.18 mg/dL (3.51 mmol/L). The correlation coefficient values between HbA1c level and calculated parameters were the highest for full recording: mG r=0.44 (p<0.02), t>135 r=0.49 (p=0.005), t>160 r=0.45 (p=0.01), mGex>135 r=0.49 (p=0.005), mGex>160 r=0.47 (p<0.01). No significant correlations between the number of calibrations per day (6.62+/-2.53), and mG, t>135 and t>160 were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous glucose monitoring showed almost-physiological glycemic profiles in well controlled children. Glycemic excursions times were very short.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Clinic, Child and Mother's Health Centre, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tucholski
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deja
authors.forename: Eliza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skała-Zamorowska
authors.forename: Przemysława
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jarosz-Chobot
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin