title: Effects of sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy on arterial oxygen saturation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determination of optimal administered sedatives during endoscopy is vital and necessary for the minimization of their side effects. This study was designed to see the effect of sedation on endoscopy induced arterial oxygen desaturation and determination of sedatives safety during gastrointestinal endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this controlled clinical trial, 90 consecutive patients scheduled for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were categorized into 2 groups (45 in each group). The patients in the first group were sedated with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg, propofol 1 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 microg/kg intravenously, while the patients in the second group received saline as a placebo. In both groups, blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation were measured before and one minute after endoscopy, and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found in arterial O2 saturation (p = 0.142) and heart rate (p = 0.154) between the two groups, one minute after endoscopy. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in non-sedated group (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concomitant administration of midazolam, propofol, and fentanyl do not cause arterial desaturation, however, it can lead to blood pressure changes one minute after the beginning of endoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. swt_f@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Talaie
authors.forename: Mehdi Haydari
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Monfared
authors.forename: Homayoun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zojaji
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dadashzadeh
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zali
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheikhvatan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen