Neurocysticercosis in children.
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common cause of seizures and neurologic disease. Although there may be variable presentations depending on the stage and location of cysts in the nervous system, most children (> 80%) present with seizures particularly partial seizures. About a third of cases have headache and vomiting. Diagnosis is made by either CT or MRI. Single enhancing lesions are the commonest visualization of a scolex confirms the diagnosis. Some cases have multiple cysts with a characteristic starry-sky appearance. Management involves use of anticonvulsants for seizures and steroids for cerebral edema. The use of cysticidal therapy continues to be debated. Controlled studies have shown that cysticidal therapy helps in increased and faster resolution of CT lesions. Improvement in long-term seizure control has not yet been proven. Children with single lesions have a good outcome and seizure recurrence rate is low. Children with multiple lesions have recurrent seizures. Extraparenchymal NCC has a guarded prognosis but it is rare in children. In endemic areas NCC must be considered in the differential diagnosis of seizures and various other neurological disorders.
Singhi
Pratibha
P
Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Singhi
Sunit
S
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012640:Seizures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000927:Anticonvulsants