title: Reduced circulating angiogenic cells in Alzheimer disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurovascular dysfunction and senescent endothelium contribute to the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), such as endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), provide a cellular reservoir for the endothelial replacement. To study the involvement of CACs in AD pathogenesis, we investigated the levels of CACs in patients with AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AD (n = 55), patients with non-AD neurodegenerative diseases (n = 37), and nondemented risk factor control subjects (RF control, n = 55 and 37) were enrolled after matching for age, sex, and Framingham risk score. Peripheral blood samples were taken, and EPC colony-forming units (CFU-EPC) were cultured and counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with AD had significantly lower CFU-EPC than the RF controls. In the patients with AD, a lower CFU-EPC was independently associated with either a lower Mini-Mental State Examination score or a higher Clinical Dementia Rating scale score, indicating a greater reduction in CFU-EPC in advanced AD. Patients with non-AD neurodegenerative diseases did not show a significant decrease in CFU-EPC levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) have reduced circulating angiogenic cells, suggesting that an abnormal capacity to regenerate endothelium is associated with AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehangno, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: S-T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: H-K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: D-H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J-J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bahn
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M-J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J-K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Roh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002452:Cell Count; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*