title: Knowledge and attitudes regarding smoking during pregnancy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with antenatal smoking and explore characteristics of smoking behaviour among pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study using interviewer-administered questionnaires of 145 pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women attending a health service in Far North Queensland between November 2005 and December 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of self-reported smoking; predictors and patterns of smoking in early pregnancy; and relationships between smoking and the prevalence of predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors, including women's knowledge about and attitudes towards smoking and the risks involved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 145 women, 41% (n = 60) reported being daily or occasional smokers. Knowledge about harms of smoking was generally high. Women who were smokers had a significantly higher rate of smoking partners (n = 36) than women who were non-smokers (n = 31) (77% v 41%, P < 0.001). Level of daily stress was significantly higher among smokers than non-smokers (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shifted population norms among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are accompanied by a shift in the factors that can effectively differentiate between smokers and non-smokers within this population. Rather than the traditional, mainstream predictors of antenatal smoking, interventions with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women should focus on the social environment, and the influences of social networks and partners on the behaviour of individuals.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Conor.Gilligan@newcastle.edu.au
authors.forename: Conor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gilligan
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sanson-Fisher
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Este
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eades
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wenitong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015995:Prevalence; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult