title: Differential regulation of transforming growth factor beta signaling pathways by Notch in human endothelial cells.
abstract: Notch and transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) play critical roles in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a process that is essential for heart development. Previously, we have shown that Notch and TGFbeta signaling synergistically induce Snail expression in endothelial cells, which is required for EndMT in cardiac cushion morphogenesis. Here, we report that Notch activation modulates TGFbeta signaling pathways in a receptor-activated Smad (R-Smad)-specific manner. Notch activation inhibits TGFbeta/Smad1 and TGFbeta/Smad2 signaling pathways by decreasing the expression of Smad1 and Smad2 and their target genes. In contrast, Notch increases SMAD3 mRNA expression and protein half-life and regulates the expression of TGFbeta/Smad3 target genes in a gene-specific manner. Inhibition of Notch in the cardiac cushion of mouse embryonic hearts reduces Smad3 expression. Notch and TGFbeta synergistically up-regulate a subset of genes by recruiting Smad3 to both Smad and CSL binding sites and cooperatively inducing histone H4 acetylation. This is the first evidence that Notch activation affects R-Smad expression and that cooperative induction of histone acetylation at specific promoters underlies the selective synergy between Notch and TGFbeta signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z IL3, Canada.
authors.forename: Yangxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niessen
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eapen
authors.forename: Audi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Setiadi
authors.forename: Aly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karsan
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; C424126:DLL4 protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C486455:Maml1 protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I