title: The effect of cultural background on the usage of complementary and alternative medicine for chronic pain management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic pain is a debilitating problem with significant impact on healthcare utilization in the US. Many chronic pain patients use complementary or alternative medicine (CAM) in addition to standard pharmacologic therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to identify differences in the characteristics of usage of CAM for chronic pain control among several ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 92 consecutive patients seeking treatment at the pain clinic and interviewed them using a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common pain complaint was back pain (55.4%) and the mean pain duration for all chronic pain problems was 9.8 years. Approximately 81% of respondents were using or have used CAM before. The commonest CAM used by patients in our study included massage therapy, spiritual healing as well as the consumption of mineral and vitamin supplements. Sixty-three percent of them were satisfied with CAM treatment compared to 56% of patients who were satisfied with prescription therapy. However, there was no difference in the use of CAM among the different ethnic groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that CAM is used very frequently in patients with chronic pain. However, it did not show any ethnic or racial differences in CAM utilization.
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Centre, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore. ho.kok.yuen@sgh.com.sg
authors.forename: Kok Yuen
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Tong J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001416:Back Pain / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003469:Culture; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D018710:Pain Clinics; D059408:Pain Management; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D026443:Spiritual Therapies / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D014815:Vitamins