title: Circulating tumor cells and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for outcome prediction in metastatic breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) are two new promising tools for therapeutic monitoring. In this study, we compared the prognostic value of CTC and FDG-PET/CT monitoring during systemic therapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analyses of 115 MBC patients who started a new line of therapy and who had CTC counts and FDG-PET/CT scans performed at baseline and at 9 to 12 weeks during therapy (midtherapy) was performed. Patients were categorized according to midtherapy CTC counts as favorable (ie, < five CTCs/7.5 mL blood) or unfavorable (> or = five CTCs/7.5 mL blood) outcomes. CTC counts and FDG-PET/CT response at midtherapy were compared, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 102 evaluable patients, the median overall survival time was 14 months (range, 1 to > 41 months). Midtherapy CTC levels correlated with FDG-PET/CT response in 68 (67%) of 102 evaluable patients. In univariate analysis, midtherapy CTC counts and FDG-PET/CT response predicted overall survival (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). FDG-PET/CT predicted overall survival (P = .0086) in 31 (91%) of 34 discordant patients who had fewer than five CTCs at midtherapy. Only midtherapy CTC levels remained significant in a multivariate analysis (P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of five or more CTCs during therapeutic monitoring can accurately predict prognosis in MBC beyond metabolic response. FDG-PET/CT deserves a role in patients who have fewer than five CTCs at midtherapy. Prospective trials should evaluate the most sensitive and cost-effective modality for therapeutic monitoring in MBC.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: De Giorgi
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rohren
authors.forename: Shaheenah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dawood
authors.forename: Naoto T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: M Craig
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Gerald V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Summer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andreopoulou
authors.forename: Beverly C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Handy
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reuben
authors.forename: Herbert A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.forename: Homer A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Macapinlac
authors.forename: Gabriel N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hortobagyi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cristofanilli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18