title: [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography detection of asymptomatic late pulmonary toxicity in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy.
abstract: Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody widely used in the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Most adverse effects are due to infusion-related reactions, and severe respiratory complications are rare. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data and serial imaging studies of five patients with NHL treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy who developed new pulmonary abnormalities on routine follow-up FDG-PET/CT imaging. None of the patients had pulmonary lymphoma or other pulmonary disease before therapy and all remained asymptomatic during follow-up. New pulmonary interstitial FDG-uptake was detected on follow-up FDG-PET/CT between 1 and 3 months post-treatment, preceded computed tomography abnormalities in one case, and persisted for several months. FDG uptake was linear, subpleural with maximum Standardized uptake value (SUV) from 2.0 to 5.84. Rituximab-containing chemotherapy for NHL may be associated with asymptomatic late pulmonary toxicity characterised by a distinct FDG uptake pattern. Awareness of this finding is important and should not be confused with lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kalkanis
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefanovic
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paes
authors.forename: Maricer P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Escalon
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.forename: Izidore S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lossos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000069283:Rituximab; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D000069283:Rituximab