title: Multiple small bowel ligation compared to conventional primary repair after abdominal gunshot wound with haemorrhagic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of early rapid control of multiple bowel perforations on cardiovascular function in combined abdominal missile trauma and haemorrhagic shock compared with conventional surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen anesthetised pigs were injured with a standardised abdominal missile trauma. The animals were bled to a mean arterial pressure of 50 mm Hg for 30 minutes, after which they were resuscitated and had laparotomy. They were divided into conventional surgery group (n=9) with primary resection and anastomosis of bowel -injuries and early rapid multiple bowel ligation group (n?=?9). Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was profound hypotension, reduced cardiac output, increased vascular resistance and lactic acidaemia in both groups. Lactic acidaemia persisted longer in the early rapid multiple bowel ligation group. There were no significant differences in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output , stroke volume or systemic vascular resistance between the groups. The mean operation time was significantly shorter in the early rapid multiple bowel ligation group (13.3 (1.5) (SEM) minutes, compared with 116.4 (1.74) (SEM) minutes in the conventional surgery group, p =0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Damage control principles have shortened the operating time in our model but did not improve the cardiovascular function and caused more lactic acidaemia than conventional repair.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Teaching and Research in Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vikström
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagelkerke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Abu-Zidan
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000601:surgery*; D008026:Ligation; D023421:Models, Animal; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000601:surgery*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012774:Shock, Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013552:Swine; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*