title: [Chitosan as an adjuvant for inactivated vaccines against avian influenza viruses].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study chitozan as an adjuvant for inactivated vaccines against A/H5 influenza viruses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Avian A/H5 influenza viruses were grown on chicken embryos or on MDCK cell line; viruses-containing fluid was inactivated with formalin. Mice were vaccinated intramuscularly with inactivated avian influenza virus mixed with chitozan and then levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies as well as protective efficacy against both homologous and drifted strains of avian influenza viruses A/H5 were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Addition of chitozan to inactivated preparations of A/H5 avian influenza viruses for immunization of mice significantly increased levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies to both homologous and drifted variants of A/H5 influenza viruses, including those containing neuraminidase from other subtype as well as strains isolated 10 - 20 years earlier than virus used for vaccination. Chitozan significantly improved protective efficacy of inactivated avian influenza vaccines against infection with both homologous and drifted variant of the virus. Vaccination with inactivated avian influenza viruses A/H5 and chitozan induced high levels of antibodies even after single immunization as well as after administration of 8-fold reduced dose of preparation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chitozan is a perspective adjuvant for inactivated vaccines against avian influenza viruses, which could significantly improve immune response and protective efficacy against both homologous and drifted variants of avian influenza viruses A/H5.
authors.forename: Iu Z
authors.initials: IuZ
authors.lastname: Gendon
authors.forename: Iu M
authors.initials: IuM
authors.lastname: Vasil'ev
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Markushin
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Akopova
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Koptiaeva
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Krivtsov
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001717:Birds; D002460:Cell Line; D002642:Chick Embryo; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D003429:Cross Reactions; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D053125:Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D048271:Chitosan