title: Combination of paracetamol, codeine and lidocaine for pain relief during transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) -guided prostate biopsy is often a painful procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combining oral paracetamol and codeine with periprostatic nerve block in relieving prostate biopsy-related pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study we compared the pain associated with prostate biopsy between two groups of patients. Group 1 consists of 25 men who were given paracetamol 500 mg and codeine 30 mg orally before the biopsy, and group 2 consists of 25 men who received no oral analgesics. All patients received periprostatic nerve block with 1% lidocaine before the biopsy. The pain associated with the biopsy procedure was evaluated on a visual analogue scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean pain score +/- SD in group 1 was 1.4 +/- 0.80 on the scale of 0 to 10, and the mean pain score +/- SD in group 2 was 2.4 +/- 1.69. The difference in the pain scores between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.01). The combination of oral paracetamol, codeine and periprostatic nerve block before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy is an effective method for relieving biopsy-related pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 340, Helsinki FI-00029, Finland. harri.visapaa@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Visapää
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taari
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D003061:Codeine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000082:Acetaminophen; D008012:Lidocaine; D003061:Codeine