title: Nicotine enhances migration and invasion of human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells which is inhibited by nimesulide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of nicotine on the migration and invasion of human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells and to investigate whether nimesulide can inhibit the effect of nicotine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line (TE-13) was treated with different concentrations of nicotine (100 microg/mL and 200 microg/mL) or 200 microg/mL nicotine plus 100 micromol/L nimesulide. Cell migration and invasion were measured using migration and invasion chamber systems. COX-2 expression was determined by Western blotting. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was analyzed by zymography and ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nicotine (100 microg/mL, 200 microg/mL) enhanced TE-13 cells migration and invasion, and increased the protein expression of COX-2 and the activity of MMP-2. Nicotine (200 microg/mL) stimulated TE-13 cells migration and invasion which were partly blocked by nimesulide. This was associated with decreased protein expression of COX-2 and decreased activity and protein expression of MMP-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nicotine enhances the migration and invasion of the esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line, and nimesulide partly blocks the effect of nicotine-enhanced esophageal squamous carcinoma cell migration and invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.forename: Shu-Tian
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sheng-Tao
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D013449:Sulfonamides; D009538:Nicotine; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C012655:nimesulide