title: Long-term survival and outcomes after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiogenic shock is the leading cause of death during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, little data exist regarding the long-term outcomes of patients who survived the acute phase of MI and were discharged from the hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 81 consecutive patients referred for management of acute MI and cardiogenic shock to analyze their in-hospital and long-term outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean systemic systolic and central venous pressures at presentation were 74 +/- 15 and 17 +/- 7 mm Hg, respectively. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) was implemented in all patients for a mean of 88 +/- 83 hours. Thrombolytics were administered in 49% and mechanical ventilation applied in 46% of patients. Primary angioplasty could not be performed in any patient, while 17 patients later underwent myocardial revascularization during hospitalization. There were 37 in-hospital survivors (45.7%). The 1-year survival after discharge from the hospital was 87.6% in the overall population, versus 100% among patients who underwent in-hospital myocardial revascularization, versus 78.9% among nonrevascularized patients (p = 0.079). Over a mean follow-up of 85 +/- 47 mo, survival after discharge from the index hospitalization was 44.9% in the overall population, versus 56.2% among revascularized patients, versus 36.4% among nonrevascularized patients (p = 0.277). Heart failure developed in 51.6% of patients who were discharged from the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this single center analysis, the long-term survival after acute MI complicated by cardiogenic shock was high with nearly 50% of patients surviving free from heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Third Cardiology Department, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Stavros G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Drakos
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bonios
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Anastasiou-Nana
authors.forename: Eleftheria P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Tsagalou
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Terrovitis
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaldara
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maroulidis
authors.forename: Serafim N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Nanas
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kanakakis
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Nanas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome