title: Outcome of MR-guided percutaneous cryoablation for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the mid-term results of MR-guided percutaneous cryoablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using an argon-based cryoablation system, MR-guided percutaneous cryoablation was performed. The number of tumors was three or fewer. The maximum diameter of tumors was less than 5 cm when solitary and no more than 3 cm when multiple. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 15 patients, 16 tumors were treated. The maximum tumor diameter ranged from 1.2 to 4.5 cm, with a mean of 2.5 +/- 0.8 cm (mean +/- standard deviation). The volume of iceballs measured on MR-images was greater than that of the tumors in all cases. The follow-up period ranged from 10 to 52 months, with a mean of 36.6 +/- 12.1 months. One-year and 3-year overall survival were 93.8 and 79.3%, respectively. The complete ablation rate was 80.8% at 3 years. Immediate complications were pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pleural effusion. An ablation zone was not absorbed and content exuded from a scar of the probe tract 4 months after cryoablation in one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR-guided percutaneous cryoablation appears to be a feasible modality and potentially good option for the treatment of small HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12 West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan. tshim@hs.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakuhara
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abo
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Hideho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirato
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047368:Tumor Burden