title: Smoking prevalence and tobacco exposure among adolescents in Cyprus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking has been internationally recognized as an epidemic contributing to major health problems. Smoking contributes to most of the preventable deaths worldwide. Although Cyprus is considered among developed countries with high smoking prevalence (estimates of 25-35% of the population), not much has been done for the systematic scientific study of this problem, especially in adolescence. The present study aimed to investigate smoking prevalence and related factors among Cypriot adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were selected through stratified random sampling. The final sample included two subpopulations: middle (n = 1085) and high (n = 767) school students.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six percent of middle school students reported being regular smokers. This climbed to 24% among high school students. Smoking prevalence increases with age, and appears higher in boys than in girls. Smoking is quite common in the participant's families, particularly among fathers. Cigarette and smoke exposure in the home was high, as only a fifth of the students reported smoking never being allowed in the home. Exposure to actors smoking on television was the norm (62-67%) with low reported exposure to anti-smoking messages. Having friends who smoke, exposure to others smoking and low educational aspirations were significant predictors of smoking for both groups. Additional predictors, which were different for middle and high school students, were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research to investigate the nature of these effects is required and to provide further insight into the psychosocial parameters affecting smoking. These results can guide possible prevention and intervention programs for adolescents, and suggest the importance of following a systemic approach.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognitive Behavioral Psychology, Stavrou 18, Strovolos, Nicosia, Cyprus. karekla.m@unic.ac.cy
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karekla
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Symeou
authors.forename: Haritini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsangari
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapsou
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Constantinou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003535:Cyprus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D040541:Marketing; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology