title: Animal model of mania induced by ouabain: Evidence of oxidative stress in submitochondrial particles of the rat brain.
abstract: The intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of ouabain (a Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor) in rats has been suggested to mimic some symptoms of human bipolar mania. Clinical studies have shown that bipolar disorder may be related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Herein, we investigated the behavioral and biochemical effects induced by the ICV administration of ouabain in rats. To achieve this aim, the effects of ouabain injection immediately after and 7 days following a single ICV administration (at concentrations of 10(-2) and 10(-3)M) on locomotion was measured using the open-field test. Additionally, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) and superoxide production were measured in submitochondrial particles of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and amygdala. Our findings demonstrated that ouabain at 10(-2) and 10(-3)M induced hyperlocomotion in rats, and this response remained up to 7 days following a single ICV injection. In addition, we observed that the persistent increase in the rat spontaneous locomotion is associated with increased TBARS levels and superoxide generation in submitochondrial particles in the prefrontal cortex, striatum and amygdala. In conclusion, ouabain-induced mania-like behavior may provide a useful animal model to test the hypothesis of the involvement of oxidative stress in bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Riegel
authors.forename: Samira S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Valvassori
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: Gislaine Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Réus
authors.forename: Amanda V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Steckert
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Fabrícia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petronilho
authors.forename: Elaine C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Gavioli
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal-Pizzol
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010042:Ouabain; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D013481:Superoxides; D010042:Ouabain; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase