title: Medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee: current treatment concepts.
abstract: The medial collateral ligament is one of the most commonly injured ligaments of the knee. Most injuries result from a valgus force on the knee. The increased participation in football, ice hockey, and skiing has all contributed to the increased frequency of MCL injuries. Prophylactic knee bracing in contact sports may prevent injury; however, performance may suffer. The majority of patients who sustain an MCL injury will achieve their pre-injury activity level with non-operative treatment alone; however, those with combined ligamentous injuries may require acute operative care. Accurate characterization of each aspect of the injury will help to determine the optimum treatment plan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH11-Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: William N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Levine