title: Tinnitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Up to 18% of people in industrialised societies have mild tinnitus, which severely affects daily life in 0.5% of people. Tinnitus can be associated with hearing loss, acoustic neuromas, drug toxicity, ear diseases, and depression. Tinnitus can last for many years, and can interfere with sleep and concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for chronic tinnitus? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to December 2006. (BMJ Clinical evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 37 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: acamprosate, acupuncture, antidepressant drugs, baclofen, benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, cinnarizine, ear-canal magnets, electromagnetic stimulation, ginkgo biloba, hearing aids, hyperbaric oxygen, hypnosis, lamotrigine, nicotinamide, psychotherapy, tinnitus-masking devices, tinnitus retraining therapy, zinc.
authors.affiliation: Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Angus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wadell
mesh_terms: D014012:Tinnitus; D014481:United States