title: Opioid use in an Israeli health maintenance organization: 2000-2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess opioid use during 7 years (2000-2006) among Clalit Health Services (CHS) members.
  
  
  METHODS
  Purchasing data of opioids authorized for use in Israel were obtained from the computerized databases of CHS. Patient demographics and cancer morbidity were also extracted. The data were analyzed by converting the purchased opioids to oral morphine equivalents (OMEs).
  
  
  METHODS
  CHS is the largest health maintenance organization in Israel (3,774,600) and insures almost 54% of the Israeli population.
  
  
  METHODS
  All CHS members who purchased an opioid at least once during the 7-year study period (2000-2006).
  
  
  METHODS
  There were no interventions in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcome measures of this study were total OME purchased per year, OME (mg) per capita/per year, and OME (mg) daily dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 119,562 patients who purchased an opioid at least once (3.2% of CHS population). Of them, 57.4% were women, 69.0% aged 65 years and above (average age 56.05 years +/- 26.7), 7.7% purchased opioids for more than 12 months, and 81.3% purchased opioids for only 1-4 months. A 96% increase in total OME purchased was found between 2000 and 2006 (from 56.4 kg to 110.6 kg). The annual OME purchased per capita increased from 15.7 mg in the year 2000 to 29.3 mg in 2006. The total number of patients who received at least one opioid prescription increased by 60%, while the growth in total number of CHS members was smaller (4.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a growing use of opioids at CHS during the 7-year period, a potential indicator of the progress made in improving accessibility and availability of opioids in our health care organization in Israel.
authors.affiliation: Pain and Palliative Medicine Unit, Division of Community Health, Department of Family Medicine, Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel. spesah@bgu.ac.il
authors.forename: Pesach
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shvartzman
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Freud
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Silviu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brill
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherf
authors.forename: Erez
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Battat
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vardy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D018710:Pain Clinics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D055656:Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid