title: Effect of two-channel gastric electrical stimulation with trains of pulses on gastric motility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of two-channel gastric electrical stimulation (GES) with trains of pulses on gastric emptying and slow waves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven dogs implanted with four pairs of electrodes and equipped with a duodenal cannula were involved in this study. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment included a series of sessions in the fasting state with trains of short or long pulses, each lasted 10 min. A 5-min recording without pacing was made between two sessions. The second experiment was performed in three sessions (control, single-channel GES, and two-channel GES). The stimulus was applied via the 1st pair of electrodes for single-channel GES (GES via one pair of electrodes located at 14 cm above the pylorus), and simultaneously via the 1st and 3rd channels for two-channel GES (GES via two pairs of electrodes located at 6 and 14 cm above the pylorus). Gastric liquid emptying was collected every 15 min via the cannula for 90 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GES with trains of pulses at a pulse width of 4 ms or higher was able to entrain gastric slow waves. Two-channel GES was about 50% more efficient than single-channel GES in entraining gastric slow waves. Two-channel but not single-channel GES with trains of pulses was capable of accelerating gastric emptying in healthy dogs. Compared with the control session, two-channel GES significantly increased gastric emptying of liquids at 15 min (79.0% +/- 6.4% vs 61.3% +/- 6.1%, P < 0.01), 30 min (83.2% +/- 6.3 % vs 68.2% +/- 6.9%, P < 0.01), 60 min (86.9% +/- 5.5 % vs 74.1% +/- 5.9%, P < 0.01), and 90 min (91.0% +/- 3.4% vs 76.5% +/- 5.9%, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-channel GES with trains of pulses accelerates gastric emptying in healthy dogs and may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of gastric motility disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0655, USA.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiao-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Geng-Qing
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jin-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jiande D Z
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying