title: SRC family kinase activity is up-regulated in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitors are now in clinical trials for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC), there are no studies relating SFK activation to patient survival. This study was designed to determine if SFK activation was up-regulated with the development of AIPC and if patients could be selected who were more likely to respond to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A unique cohort of matched prostate tumor samples, taken before hormone deprivation therapy and following hormone relapse, was used to determine by immunohistochemistry on an individual patient basis if SFK activity changed with progression to AIPC and whether this related to patient outcome measures. Using matched, hormone-sensitive and hormone-refractory cell lines, we determined if hormone status affected the way prostate cancer cells respond to suppression of SFK activity by the small-molecule inhibitor dasatinib.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the current study, 28% of patients with AIPC exhibited an increase in SFK activity in prostate cancer tissue, these patients had significantly shorter overall survival (P<0.0001), and activated SFK expression correlated with the presence of distant metastases. Dasatinib inhibited phosphorylation of Src and Lyn and the downstream substrate FAK in hormone-sensitive and hormone-refractory cell lines. Although migration was reduced by dasatinib in both cell lines, proliferation of hormone-refractory cells only was inhibited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Appropriate patient selection may allow better targeting of prostate cancer patients who are likely to respond to the treatment with SFK inhibitors at the same time improving the outcome of clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Sciences and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tatarov
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Morag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seywright
authors.forename: Hing Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Valerie G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Brunton
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000069439:Dasatinib; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013844:Thiazoles; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D000069439:Dasatinib