title: Macroscopic postmortem findings in 235 surgical intensive care patients with sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although detailed analyses of the postmortem findings of various critically ill patient groups have been published, no such study has been performed in patients with sepsis. In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed macroscopic postmortem examinations of surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients who died from sepsis or septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 2006, the ICU database and autopsy register were reviewed for patients who were admitted to the ICU because of sepsis/septic shock, or who developed sepsis/septic shock at a later stage during their ICU stay and subsequently died from of sepsis/septic shock. Clinical data and postmortem findings were documented in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postmortem results of 235 patients (84.8%) were available for statistical analysis. The main causes of death as reported in the patient history were refractory multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (51.5%) and uncontrollable cardiovascular failure (35.3%). Pathologies were detected in the lungs (89.8%), kidneys/urinary tract (60%), gastrointestinal tract (54%), cardiovascular system (53.6%), liver (47.7%), spleen (33.2%), central nervous system (18.7%), and pancreas (8.5%). In 180 patients (76.6%), the autopsy revealed a continuous septic focus. The most common continuous foci were pneumonia (41.3%), tracheobronchitis (28.9%), peritonitis (23.4%), uterine/ovarial necrosis (9.8% of female patients), intraabdominal abscesses (9.1%), and pyelonephritis (6%). A continuous septic focus was observed in 63 of the 71 patients (88.7%) who were admitted to the ICU because of sepsis/septic shock and treated for longer than 7 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relevant postmortem findings explaining death in surgical ICU patients who died because of sepsis/septic shock were a continuous septic focus in approximately 80% and cardiac pathologies in 50%. The most frequently affected organs were the lungs, abdomen, and urogenital tract. More diagnostic, therapeutic and scientific efforts should be launched to identify and control the infectious focus in patients with sepsis and septic shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. christian.torgersen@i-med.ac.at
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torgersen
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luckner
authors.forename: Viktoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jochberger
authors.forename: Walter R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Hasibeder
authors.forename: Martin W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dünser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003422:Critical Care; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000473:pathology; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000473:pathology