title: Development of a standardized curriculum for teaching cystoscopic skills using a computer-based endourologic simulator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Educational opportunities with simulation are now available to teach endoscopic skills outside the clinical setting. The goal of this study is to assess the learning curve and subjective impressions of cystoscopic tasks performed by untrained subjects on a computer-based simulator using a standardized curriculum.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated ten novice subjects on a computer-based cystoscopic simulator (URO Mentor, Simbionix, Lod, Israel) during a standardized cystoscopy skills course developed for the study. All trainees performed three basic cystoscopic tasks as part of the curriculum. Subjects were evaluated until a steady state of performance was observed. Subjectively, participants assessed their performance and opinions regarding the computer-based simulator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the ten novice subjects (five men, five women), a median of six training sessions were required to achieve a steady state of performance. Significant performance improvements were noted with additional simulator time (P<0.001), however, the rate of improvement declined with time. Regression analysis of completion times revealed significant gender effects for one cystoscopic task. At study end, gender performance differences for any task were not significant. Uniformly, novices felt that URO Mentor was easy to use and provided an overall realistic training experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study a computer-based simulator was successfully incorporated into a training curriculum for cystoscopy education. For simulated tasks performed with rigid and flexible cystoscopes, a median of six training sessions was necessary. Objectively, performance on the testing scenarios significantly increased with experience. Subjectively based on nonvalidated criteria, comfort level, and perceived competency increased significantly from the pre- to postcourse evaluations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, USA. gettman.matthew@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gettman
authors.forename: Carter Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Laureano J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Rangel
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Slezak
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bergstralh
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Krambeck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003479:Curriculum / Q000592:standards*; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000592:standards*; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface