title: Vaccination with vif-deleted feline immunodeficiency virus provirus, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha plasmids preserves global CD4 T lymphocyte function after challenge with FIV.
abstract: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) DNA vaccine approaches that included a vif-deleted FIV provirus (FIV-pPPRDeltavif) and feline cytokine expression plasmids were tested for immunogenicity and efficacy by immunization of specific pathogen free cats. Vaccine protocols included FIV-pPPRDeltavif plasmid alone; a combination of FIV-pPPRDeltavif DNA and feline granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha expression plasmids; or a combination of FIV-pPPRDeltavif and feline interleukin (IL)-15 plasmids. Cats immunized with FIV-pPPRDeltavif, GM-CSF and TNF-alpha plasmids demonstrated an increased frequency of FIV-specific T cell proliferation responses compared to other vaccine groups. Immunization with FIV-pPPRDeltavif and IL-15 plasmids was distinguished from other vaccine protocols by the induction of antiviral antibodies. Suppression of virus loads was not observed for any of the FIV-pPPRDeltavif DNA vaccine protocols after challenge with the FIV-PPR isolate. However, prior immunization with FIV-pPPRDeltavif, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha plasmids resulted in preservation of CD4 T cell functions, including mitogen-induced cytokine expression and antigen-specific proliferation upon infection with FIV. These findings justify further examination of cytokine combinations as adjuvants for lentiviral DNA vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Saipiroon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maksaereekul
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dubie
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kieu
authors.forename: Gregg A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: Ellen E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Sparger
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002415:Cats; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016181:Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017353:Gene Deletion; D016346:Gene Products, vif / Q000235:genetics*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016089:Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016346:Gene Products, vif; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor