title: Relationship between transmembrane signal transduction pathway and DNA repair and the mechanism after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protein levels of phospho-ERK and phospho-APE/Ref-1 in hippocampal neurons after global cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats, and observe the relationship between transmembrane signal transduction and repair of DNA damage. The role of ERK signal transduction pathway following global cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats is further discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety healthy male SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: Sham group (S group), Ischemia reperfusion group (IR group) and Pd98059 pretreatment/ischemia reperfusion group (PD group). Global cerebral ischemia reperfusion model was established by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method, and reperfusion was performed 5 minutes following ischemia. Protein levels of phospho-ERK and phospho-APE/Ref-1 were detected using immunohistochemical method at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after reperfusion, and neuron apoptosis was observed by HE and TUNEL staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In CA1 region of IR group, TUNEL positive cells began to appear at 6 h after IR, and reached the apex during 24 h to 48 h. However, TUNEL positive was most strongly exhibited in PD group. In IR group, phospho-ERK was obviously detected in CA3 region at 2 h after IR, and its level was gradually decreased from 6 h until totally absent at 48 h. Besides, phospho-ERK expression in PD group was weaker than that in IR group. For phospho-APE/Ref-1, its expression began to appear in CA1 region in IR group at 2 h after IR, with no obvious changes during 2 h to 12 h. Phospho-APE/Ref-1 expression began to decrease at 24 h and this decrease continued thereafter. Expression level of phospho-APE/Ref-1 in PD group was lower than that in IR group. Results showed the concurrence of decreased phospho-ERK expression level and increased neuron apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion, the former of which was consistent with the decrease of phospho-APE/Ref-1 expression. Also, the greater the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation was, the greater decrease of APE/Ref-1 expression occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activation of ERK signal transduction pathway increased the expression of phospho-APE/Ref-1, and thus faciliated the repair of DNA damage. So, activation of ERK signal transduction pathway may protect neurons from apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xioan Jiaotong University, Xioan 710004, China. xuerl@china.com
authors.forename: Rong-Liang
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Jia-Xuan
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Feng-Zhen
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Jian-Rui
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000502:physiology*; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one