title: Plasminogen substrate recognition by the streptokinase-plasminogen catalytic complex is facilitated by Arg253, Lys256, and Lys257 in the streptokinase beta-domain and kringle 5 of the substrate.
abstract: Streptokinase (SK) conformationally activates the central zymogen of the fibrinolytic system, plasminogen (Pg). The SK.Pg* catalytic complex binds Pg as a specific substrate and cleaves it into plasmin (Pm), which binds SK to form the SK.Pm complex that propagates Pm generation. Catalytic complex formation is dependent on lysine-binding site (LBS) interactions between a Pg/Pm kringle and the SK COOH-terminal Lys(414). Pg substrate recognition is also LBS-dependent, but the kringle and SK structural element(s) responsible have not been identified. SK mutants lacking Lys(414) with Ala substitutions of charged residues in the SK beta-domain 250-loop were evaluated in kinetic studies that resolved conformational and proteolytic Pg activation. Activation of [Lys]Pg and mini-Pg (containing only kringle 5 of Pg) by SK with Ala substitutions of Arg(253), Lys(256), and Lys(257) showed decreases in the bimolecular rate constant for Pm generation, with nearly total inhibition for the SK Lys(256)/Lys(257) double mutant. Binding of bovine Pg (BPg) to the SK.Pm complex containing fluorescently labeled Pm demonstrated LBS-dependent assembly of a SK.labeled Pm.BPg ternary complex, whereas BPg did not bind to the complex containing the SK Lys(256)/Lys(257) mutant. BPg was activated by SK.Pm with a K(m) indistinguishable from the K(D) for BPg binding to form the ternary complex, whereas the SK Lys(256)/Lys(257) mutant did not support BPg activation. We conclude that SK residues Arg(253), Lys(256), and Lys(257) mediate Pg substrate recognition through kringle 5 of the [Lys]Pg and mini-Pg substrates. A molecular model of the SK.kringle 5 complex identifies the putative interactions involved in LBS-dependent Pg substrate recognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tharp
authors.forename: Malabika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laha
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panizzi
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Prior
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Bock
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002384:Catalysis; D002417:Cattle; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D018082:Kringles; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; C049423:streptokinase-plasminogen complex; D010958:Plasminogen; D001120:Arginine; D013300:Streptokinase; D008239:Lysine