Decreased Jun-D and myogenin expression in muscle wasting of human cachexia.
Muscle wasting is a critical feature of patients afflicted by acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), cancer, or chronic inflammatory diseases. In a mouse model of muscle wasting, TNF-alpha induces oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) and decreases myogenin, Jun-D, and creatinine kinase muscle isoform (CKM) expression. Here, we studied 12 patients with muscle wasting due to cancer (N = 10) or AIDS (N = 2) and 4 control subjects. We show that in skeletal muscle of cachectic patients there is 1) increased expression and activity of the TNF-alpha signaling, including TNF-alpha mRNA, activation of TNFR1, and TNF-alpha-associated to TNFR1; 2) increased oxidative stress, as determined by the presence of malondialdehyde-lysine adducts; 3) increased NOS2 mRNA and protein; 4) decreased expression of Jun-D, myogenin, myosin, and CKM mRNA and protein; 5) impaired CKM-E box binding activities, associated with decreased Jun-D/myogenin activities; and 6) oxidative modification and ubiquitination of Jun-D. These studies show that these molecular pathways are modulated in association with muscle wasting in patients with cancer or AIDS, and whether or not they cause muscle wasting remains to be determined.
Ramamoorthy
Sonia
S
Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
Donohue
Michael
M
Buck
Martina
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002100:Cachexia / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D052283:Creatine Kinase, MM Form / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018008:Myogenin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019282:Wasting Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*
C503799:MYOG protein, human; D018008:Myogenin; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052283:Creatine Kinase, MM Form