Acetic acid upregulates the expression of genes for fatty acid oxidation enzymes in liver to suppress body fat accumulation.
We investigated the effect of acetic acid (AcOH) on the prevention of obesity in high-fat-fed mice. The mice were intragastrically administrated with water or 0.3 or 1.5% AcOH for 6 weeks. AcOH administration inhibited the accumulation of body fat and hepatic lipids without changing food consumption or skeletal muscle weight. Significant increases were observed in the expressions of genes for peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and for fatty-acid-oxidation- and thermogenesis-related proteins: acetyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1), and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2), in the liver of the AcOH-treatment groups. PPARalpha, ACO, CPT-1, and UCP-2 gene expressions were increased in vitro by acetate addition to HepG2 cells. However, the effects were not observed in cells depleted of alpha2 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by siRNA. In conclusion, AcOH suppresses accumulation of body fat and liver lipids by upregulation of genes for PPARalpha and fatty-acid-oxidation-related proteins by alpha2 AMPK mediation in the liver.
Kondo
Tomoo
T
Central Research Institute, Mizkan Group Corporation, Handa, Aichi 475-8585, Japan. t-kondo@mizkan.co.jp
Kishi
Mikiya
M
Fushimi
Takashi
T
Kaga
Takayuki
T
D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D018197:Hepatoblastoma; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
D005227:Fatty Acids; D007473:Ion Channels; D008055:Lipids; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; C000604389:UCP2 protein, human; C000604390:Ucp2 protein, mouse; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; D019342:Acetic Acid