title: Initiating antiretroviral treatment in a resource-constrained setting: does clinical staging effectively identify patients in need?
abstract: In industrialized countries, the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is based on virological, immunological and clinical markers. The objective of this study was to identify treatment gaps when ART initiation is based on clinical staging alone. The method employed was a retrospective study of 5784 patients enrolled in an HIV treatment programme in two urban and two rural sites in Ghana. Of the patients, 29.5% were in clinical Stages I and II and had a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/mm(3). Significantly more patients in clinical Stage I from urban sites (37.0%) had a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/mm(3) as compared with patients from rural sites (23.8%) (P value <0.05). In addition, more men (39.9%) in clinical Stage I had a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/mm(3) when compared with women (27.4%) (P value <0.05). In conclusion, clinical staging cannot identify a relatively large number of patients who need ART. A wider availability of CD4+ T-lymphocyte count testing will optimize the identification of patients eligible for ART.
authors.affiliation: Family Health International, Lusaka, Zambia. Ktorpey@zpct.org
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torpey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lartey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amenyah
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Addo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Obeng-Baah
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Mukadi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colebunders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003906:Developing Countries; D004608:Eligibility Determination / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012424:Rural Population; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents