title: Transurethral partial cystectomy with continuous wave laser for bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To our knowledge we established a new technique to vaporize and incise the full-thickness bladder wall and peel off the entire muscular layers with a 2 microm continuous wave laser to treat bladder carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients were treated transurethrally with a 2 microm laser under sacral block. This 2 microm laser was used to incise the full-thickness bladder wall around the tumors. The entire bladder wall was peeled between the detrusor muscle layer and outer connective tissues. Tumors with full-thickness detrusor muscle layers at the base were removed together and sent for pathological examination. Intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative complications were observed, and pathological staging and postoperative followup were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All operations were successful. Mean +/- SD operative time was 8.7 +/- 2.6 minutes (range 7 to 15) per patient. Perioperative blood loss was minimal. There was no obturator nerve reflection and no hemorrhage was detected after surgery. Bladder perforation occurred in 1 case. Pathological stage of the tumors was T1 and T2a. Patients were followed for 6 to 9 months postoperatively with no recurrence at the resection site. This series included highly selected patients treated by a single high volume surgeon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge this is the first report of a 2 microm laser used to treat bladder carcinoma. It can be applied to precisely vaporize and incise the full-thickness bladder wall and peel it between detrusor muscle layers and outer loose connective tissues, thus completing partial cystectomy for bladder carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China. yongyang301@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhi-tao
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bao-Fa
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002681:China; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018579:Patient Selection; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*