title: Comparative study of LDR (Manchester system) and HDR image-guided conformal brachytherapy of cervical cancer: patterns of failure, late complications, and survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare patterns of failure, late toxicities, and survival in locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated by either low-dose-rate (LDR) or conformal high-dose-rate (HDRc) brachytherapy as a part of curative radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective comparative study of 217 advanced cervix cancer patients was conducted; 90 of these patients received LDR and 127 received HDRc brachytherapy. All patients were staged using International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) rules, had pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and were treated with concurrent cisplatin chemoradiotherapy. Both groups matched for FIGO stage, MRI tumor volume, and uterine invasion status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Local and pelvic failures were similar 12-13% and 14% both in both groups. Abdominal and systemic failures in LDR group were 21% and 24%, whereas corresponding failures in HDRc group were 20% and 24%. Sixty-eight percent (87/127) of patients treated by HDRc remained asymptomatic, whereas 42% (38/90) of patients were asymptomatic from the bowel and bladder symptoms after treatment with LDR. The 5-year OS rate was 60% (SE = 4%). The 5-year failure-free survival rate was 55% (SE = 3%). There was no significant difference between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Image-guided HDRc planning led to a large decrease in late radiation effects in patients treated by HDRc. Patterns of failure and survival were similar in patients treated either by LDR or HDRc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. mahaguru@petermac.org
authors.forename: Kailash
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Dyk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernshaw
authors.forename: Chrishanthi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rajasooriyar
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D055815:Young Adult