title: RAD51C facilitates checkpoint signaling by promoting CHK2 phosphorylation.
abstract: The RAD51 paralogues act in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway of DNA repair. Human RAD51C (hRAD51C) participates in branch migration and Holliday junction resolution and thus is important for processing HR intermediates late in the DNA repair process. Evidence for early involvement of RAD51 during DNA repair also exists, but its function in this context is not understood. In this study, we demonstrate that RAD51C accumulates at DNA damage sites concomitantly with the RAD51 recombinase and is retained after RAD51 disassembly, which is consistent with both an early and a late function for RAD51C. RAD51C recruitment depends on ataxia telangiectasia mutated, NBS1, and replication protein A, indicating it functions after DNA end resection but before RAD51 assembly. Furthermore, we find that RAD51C is required for activation of the checkpoint kinase CHK2 and cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. This suggests that hRAD51C contributes to the protection of genome integrity by transducing DNA damage signals in addition to engaging the HR machinery.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, England, UK.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Badie
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thanasoula
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Madalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarsounas
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051135:Rad51 Recombinase; D051716:Replication Protein A; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C112156:NBN protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C448305:RAD51C protein, human; D051716:Replication Protein A; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051135:Rad51 Recombinase