title: Cartilage grafts in dorsal nasal augmentation of traumatic saddle nose deformity: a long-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the long-term advantages and disadvantages of cartilage grafts used to correct traumatic saddle nose deformity. Additionally, to demonstrate functional improvement and cosmetic satisfaction with the use of this graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review and prospective follow-up telephone survey of 20 patients after dorsal augmentation of saddle nose deformity secondary to trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a single-surgeon, single-institution investigation within an academic tertiary care medical center. All patients presented for correction of saddle nose deformity after trauma, and cartilage grafts were used for augmentation of the dorsum. Minimum postoperative follow-up period of 1 year was required. A modified and expanded Nasal Obstructive Symptoms Evaluation survey, which included questions pertaining to the appearance of their nose, was used to assess both functional and cosmetic changes after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 1 of the 20 patients was dissatisfied with the overall outcome. Three (15%) were extremely satisfied, 12 (60%) were very satisfied, three (15%) were somewhat satisfied, and one (5%) was indifferent. In terms of function, four (20%) experienced excellent relief in nasal obstruction, five (25%) moderate relief, four (20%) mild relief, and seven (35%) noted no difference. Regarding cosmesis, two (10%) noted excellent improvement, three (15%) moderate improvement, nine (45%) mild improvement, and five (25%) noted no significant change. One (5%) patient reported worsening due to tip edema. Mean follow-up time was 6.8 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autogenous cartilage grafts are useful in the correction of mild to moderate traumatic saddle nose deformity. The graft is readily available, preserves long-term structural stability, and achieves functional and cosmetic satisfaction in most patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. jmao@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carron
authors.forename: Senja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomovic
authors.forename: Kailash
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narasimhan
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Mathog
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004425:Ear Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000637:transplantation*; D009666:Nose / Q000293:injuries*; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors