title: Does high-dose opioid anesthesia exacerbate ischemic spinal cord injury in rabbits?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intrathecal morphine given during a post-ischemic period has been reported to have the potential to exacerbate ischemic spinal cord injury. However, it remains unknown whether synthetic opioids administered systemically exacerbate ischemic injury. We sought to compare the damage of the spinal cord after transient spinal cord ischemia in rabbits anesthetized with three different regimens; isoflurane, fentanyl with isoflurane, and remifentanil with isoflurane.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assigned rabbits to three groups (n = 9 in each); an isoflurane group (isoflurane 1 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]), a fentanyl group (isoflurane 0.5 MAC + 100 microg x kg(-1) i.v. fentanyl given over 30 min before aortic occlusion), and a remifentanil group (isoflurane 0.5 MAC + 1 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) i.v. remifentanil started 30 min before aortic occlusion and maintained until 1 h after reperfusion). Spinal cord ischemia was produced by occluding the abdominal aorta for 13 min. Hindlimb motor function (score range: 4, normal to 0, paraplegia) was assessed daily for 7 days, and then the number of normal neurons in the anterior spinal cord was counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Severe motor dysfunction (score < or = 1) was observed in seven, four, and five animals in the isoflurane, fentanyl, and remifentanil groups, respectively. There were no significant intergroup differences in neurological scores. There were no differences in the numbers of normal neurons among the three groups (22 +/- 22, 42 +/- 30, 33 +/- 28, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that neither i.v. fentanyl nor i.v. remifentanil added to 0.5 MAC isoflurane exacerbated ischemic spinal cord injury in rabbits when compared to 1 MAC isoflurane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirasawa
authors.forename: Mishiya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Takefumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakabe
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000633:toxicity; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000502:physiology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000502:physiology; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D009420:Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000633:toxicity; D011817:Rabbits; D000077208:Remifentanil; D020760:Spinal Cord Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D007530:Isoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil