title: Shear bond strength of metallic brackets: influence of saliva contamination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of saliva contamination on shear bond strength and the bond failure pattern of 3 adhesive systems (Transbond XT, AdheSE and Xeno III) on orthodontic metallic brackets bonded to human enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two permanent human molars were cut longitudinally in a mesiodistal direction, producing seventy-two specimens randomly divided into six groups. Each system was tested under 2 different enamel conditions: no contamination and contaminated with saliva. In T, A and X groups, the adhesive systems were applied to the enamel surface in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. In TS, AS and XS groups, saliva was applied to enamel surface followed by adhesive system application. The samples were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 h, and then tested for shear bond strength in a universal testing machine (Emic, DL 2000) running at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. After bond failure, the enamel surfaces were observed under an optical microscope at 40x magnification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The control and contaminated groups showed no significant difference in shear bond strength for the same adhesive system. However, shear bond strength of T group (17.03+/-4.91) was significantly higher than that of AS (8.58+/-1.73) and XS (10.39+/-4.06) groups (p<0.05). Regarding the bond failure pattern, TS group had significantly higher scores of no adhesive remaining on the tooth in the bonding area than other groups considering the adhesive remnant index (ARI) used to evaluate the amount of adhesive left on the enamel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saliva contamination showed little influence on the 24-h shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
authors.affiliation: Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Borges
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Retamoso
authors.forename: Fabrício Mezzomo
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Collares
authors.forename: Eduardo Silveira
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Susana Maria Werner
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Samuel
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements; D012463:Saliva; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C489662:AdheSE cement; D003722:Dental Alloys; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; C487957:Xeno III