title: The association of public and private religious involvement with severity of depression and hopelessness in older adults treated for major depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors assessed the association between public and private religious participation and depression as well as hopelessness in older depressed, adults treated in mental health settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 130 participants from a posttreatment longitudinal follow-up study of late-life depression were analyzed. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the association between public (frequency of church attendance) and private (frequency of prayer/meditation) forms of religious participation and depression as well as hopelessness severity when demographic and health indicators were controlled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses found significant negative associations between frequency of prayer/meditation and depression (OR = 0.56 [0.36-0.89], Wald chi2 = 5.93, df = 1) as well as hopelessness (OR = 0.58 [0.36-0.94], Wald chi2 = 4.97, df = 1) severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports significant, direct relationships between prayer/meditation and depression as well as hopelessness severity in older adults treated for depression in mental health settings. Prospective studies are needed to further illuminate these relationships.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Advanced Center for Intervention and Services Research for Late-life Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. cruzm@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Harold A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pincus
authors.forename: Patricia R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Houck
authors.forename: Salem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bensasi
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index