title: Uterine malignancy following tamoxifen use in breast cancer patients in Iran: case series and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated tumor characteristics and survival in women with breast cancer who subsequently developed uterine cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information about endometrial cancer in tamoxifen users following breast cancer refered to the gynecologic oncology clinic of Vali-Asr hospital between 1997-2007 was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 330 patients with endometrial cancer, 5 were in women previously diagnosed with breast cancer. Two cancers were malignant mixed Mullerian tumors of the uterus (MMMT), 2 were endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and one was a papillary clear cell carcinoma. Patients received tamoxifen for 4-8 years. The endometrial cancers occurred 2-11 years after initial treatment for the breast cancers. Four of the endometrial cancers featured abnormal uterine bleeding and one of them had increased vaginal discharge and all were diagnosed on endometrial curetting. All patients received standard surgical staging for endometrial cancer and all except one were stage I. At laparotomy of one patient, an advanced stage MMMT was found with diffused peritoneal spread and ascites. In spite of the surgery, she died of disease, 3 months later. The other patients remain recurrence-free for breast cancer and uterine cancer after 6-120 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breast cancer patients who use tamoxifen and have early stage endometrial cancers demonstrate a good prognosis. Abnormal uterine bleeding or vaginal discharge are the most important symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Gynecology Oncology Department, Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. nadbehtash@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nadereh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Behtash
authors.forename: Razieh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimi Zarchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000139:chemically induced*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen