title: Phospholipase A(2)-modified LDL particles retain the generated hydrolytic products and are more atherogenic at acidic pH.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hydrolysis of LDL by phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) generates free fatty acids (FFAs) and lysophospholipids (lysoPCs). Binding of the PLA(2)-modified LDL to proteoglycans, and their uptake by macrophages are increased. Since the extracellular pH is locally decreased in advanced atherosclerotic plaques, we examined the effects of acidic pH on PLA(2)-induced LDL modification and its proatherogenic consequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LDL particles were avidly hydrolyzed by sPLA(2)-V at pH range 7.5-5.5. With decreasing pH, the ability of albumin to sequester the formed FFAs and lysoPCs from the sPLA(2)-V-modified LDL particles decreased, and, as a consequence, more of the hydrolytic products accumulated in the particles. At acidic pH, the sPLA(2)-V-modified LDL particles had higher binding strength to human aortic proteoglycans, and their uptake by human monocyte-derived macrophages and ensuing foam cell formation were enhanced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data show that the proatherogenic effects exerted by sPLA(2)-V-induced lipolysis of LDL are enhanced with decreasing pH and suggest that sPLA(2)-V is particularly atherogenic in advanced atherosclerotic lesions, in which local acidic conditions prevail.
authors.affiliation: Wihuri Research Institute, Kalliolinnantie 4, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Katariina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lähdesmäki
authors.forename: Riia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Plihtari
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soininen
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hurt-Camejo
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ala-Korpela
authors.forename: Katariina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oörni
authors.forename: Petri T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Kovanen
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000201:enzymology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism*; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D054505:Group V Phospholipases A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008066:Lipolysis; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D054505:Group V Phospholipases A2