title: Removal of nitroimidazole antibiotics from aqueous solution by adsorption/bioadsorption on activated carbon.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to analyse the behaviour of activated carbon with different chemical and textural properties in nitroimidazole adsorption, also assessing the combined use of microorganisms and activated carbon in the removal of these compounds from waters and the influence of the chemical nature of the solution (pH and ionic strength) on the adsorption process. Results indicate that the adsorption of nitroimidazoles is largely determined by activated carbon chemical properties. Application of the Langmuir equation to the adsorption isotherms showed an elevated adsorption capacity (X(m)=1.04-2.04 mmol/g) for all contaminants studied. Solution pH and electrolyte concentration did not have a major effect on the adsorption of these compounds on activated carbon, confirming that the principal interactions involved in the adsorption of these compounds are non-electrostatic. Nitroimidazoles are not degraded by microorganisms used in the biological stage of a wastewater treatment plant. However, the presence of microorganisms during nitroimidazole adsorption increased their adsorption on the activated carbon, although it weakened interactions between the adsorbate and carbon surface. In dynamic regime, the adsorptive capacity of activated carbon was markedly higher in surface water and groundwater than in urban wastewaters.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. jrivera@ugr.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivera-Utrilla
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prados-Joya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Polo
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ferro-García
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bautista-Toledo
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001419:Bacteria; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012996:Solutions; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D012996:Solutions; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002606:Charcoal