title: Daily negative mood affects fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between mood and blood glucose in a 21-day daily diary study.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a home visit, information was gathered from 206 persons with Type 2 diabetes regarding demographics, disease characteristics and treatment, and depressive symptoms. They had blood drawn at a laboratory, yielding HbA1C. The participants were then telephoned each evening for 21 days and were asked about their positive and negative mood during the past 24 hours. They also tested their blood glucose upon rising in the morning.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcomes measures were positive and negative affect and fasting glucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multilevel analyses revealed a relationship between negative affect on one day and morning glucose on the next day. There was no such relationship between positive affect and glucose, nor was there a comparable effect of glucose on one day and either positive or negative affect on the next day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed relationship between mood and blood glucose appears to be because of negative affect, not positive, with no evidence of a lagged effect of glucose on mood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family & Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. marilyn.skaff@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Marilyn M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Skaff
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Mullan
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Lesa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Masharani
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000469:parasitology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human