title: Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Solanum nigrum aqueous extract in animal models.
abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum leaves using various animal models. The extract, at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100%, was prepared by soaking (1:20; w/v) air-dried powdered leaves (20 g) in distilled water (dH2O) for 72 h. The extract solutions were administered subcutaneously in mice/rats 30 min prior to the tests. The extract exhibited significant (P < 0.05) antinociceptive activity when assessed using the abdominal constriction, hot plate and formalin tests. The extract also produced significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities when assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. Overall, these activities occurred in a concentration-dependent manner, except for the 50% concentration of the extract, which was not effective in the abdominal constriction test. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that S. nigrum leaves possessed antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects and thus supported traditional claims of its medicinal uses.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenomics Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia. shaza8174@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Morsid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aris
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zainal
authors.forename: N H Mohd
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Pojan
authors.forename: G Hanan
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D032324:Solanum nigrum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts