title: Red blood cell alloimmunization among sickle cell Kuwaiti Arab patients who received red blood cell transfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sickle cell disease (SCD) is common in the Arabian Gulf region. Most cases require a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, increasing the potential for RBC alloantibody development. The incidence of RBC alloimmunization among Kuwaiti Arab SCD patients is not yet known. This study retrospectively assessed the effect of using two different matching protocols on the incidence of alloimmunization among multiply transfused Kuwaiti Arab SCD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 233 Kuwaiti Arab SCD patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 110) received RBC transfusion through standard ABO- and D-matched nonleukoreduced blood; Group 2 (n = 123) received RBCs matched for ABO, Rh, and K1 poststorage-leukoreduced blood. Multivariate analysis was performed on the factors associated with RBC alloimmunization and antibody specificity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-five percent of patients in Group 1 developed clinically significant RBC alloantibody with an increased prevalence in females; in patients in Group 2, 23.6% developed RBC alloantibodies (p = 0.01). In Group 1, 72 patients (65.5%) had alloantibodies directed against Rh and Kell systems (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis further confirmed the results, showing that blood transfusion type and sex have significant effects on the rate of alloimmunizations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the importance of selecting RBCs matched for Rh and Kell to reduce the risk of alloimmunizations among Kuwaiti Arab SCD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait. reemameen@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Reem
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ameen
authors.forename: Salem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Shemmari
authors.forename: Abdulaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Bashir
mesh_terms: D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D018912:Arabs; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007730:Kuwait; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D007518:Isoantibodies