title: Alcohol industry sponsorship and hazardous drinking among sportspeople.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the nature and extent of alcohol industry sponsorship of sportspeople, and its association with drinking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A purposive sample of participants (n = 1279) from various sporting codes were asked whether they personally, their team, or club received free and/or discounted alcohol or funding from an alcohol industry body (e.g. pub, brewery, wholesaler); how much they received; and whether they felt they should drink their sponsor's product and/or at the sponsor's premises. Drinking behaviour was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol industry sponsorship was reported by 47.8% of the sample. Of those sponsored, 47% reported receiving free and/or discounted alcohol products. In multivariate models, those receiving sponsorship at the individual, team and club level had AUDIT scores that were, on average, 2.4 points higher [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-4.09] than those who received no sponsorship. Receiving free and/or discounted alcohol (beta(adj) = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.01-1.88) and feeling that they should go to the sponsor's pub/club to drink (beta(adj) = 1.91, 95% CI: 0.85-2.98) were also associated with higher AUDIT scores. Provision of free or discounted alcoholic beverages was associated more strongly with AUDIT scores (beta(adj) = 1.56; 95% CI: 0.62-2.51) than other forms of sponsorship from the alcohol industry (e.g. provision of uniforms).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol industry sponsorship of sportspeople, and in particular the provision of free or discounted alcoholic beverages, is associated with hazardous drinking after adjustment for a range of potential confounders. Sports administration bodies should consider the health and ethical risks of accepting alcohol industry sponsorship.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. kerrysobrien@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kerry S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Kypros
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kypri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D005378:Financial Support; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D040541:Marketing / Q000191:economics*; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D013177:Sports / Q000191:economics*; D055815:Young Adult