title: Predicting race performance in triathlon: the role of perfectionism, achievement goals, and personal goal setting.
abstract: The question of how perfectionism affects performance is highly debated. Because empirical studies examining perfectionism and competitive sport performance are missing, the present research investigated how perfectionism affected race performance and what role athletes' goals played in this relationship in two prospective studies with competitive triathletes (Study 1: N = 112; Study 2: N = 321). Regression analyses showed that perfectionistic personal standards, high performance-approach goals, low performance-avoidance goals, and high personal goals predicted race performance beyond athletes' performance level. Moreover, the contrast between performance-avoidance and performance-approach goals mediated the relationship between perfectionistic personal standards and performance, whereas personal goal setting mediated the relationship between performance-approach goals and performance. The findings indicate that perfectionistic personal standards do not undermine competitive performance, but are associated with goals that help athletes achieve their best possible performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stoeber
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Uphill
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hotham
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001290:Attitude; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult