title: Association between palmoplantar pustulosis and cigarette smoking in Brazil: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) discloses some differences compared to vulgar psoriasis (PV) in terms of age of onset, female predominance and low occurrence of psoriasis lesions elsewhere. Cigarette smoking has been associated to PPP in international studies; nevertheless, these studies were never performed among Brazilian.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare prevalence of smoking among PPP, PV and other dermatologic patients (NPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study involving 25 PPP patients from a reference psoriasis centre. Two control groups were matched according to gender and age: 50 patients with PV and 50 NPD. Confounders were adjusted by conditional multiple logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among cases, 84.0% were female and PPP age of disease onset (41.4 years) was greater than PV (34.5 years). Prevalence of ever smoking was higher among cases (92.0%) than PV (52.0%) and NPD (30.0%). Adjusted odds ratio of PPP ever smoking compared to PV and NPD was 9.5 and 36.2, respectively. All smokers reported the onset of their habit before the development of PPP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was significant association between PPP and smoking. However, the impact of giving it up in the clinical course of the disease remains to be established.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FMB-Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil. heliomiot@fmb.unesp.br
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Miot
authors.forename: L D B
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Miot
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Marques
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000150:complications*; D012907:Smoking; D014026:Nicotiana