Steroid biosynthesis within the frog brain: a model of neuroendocrine regulation.
There is now clear evidence that the brain, similar to the adrenal gland, gonads, and placenta, is a steroidogenic organ. Notably in the frog brain, the presence of various steroidogenic enzymes has been detected by immunohistochemistry in specific populations of neurons and/or glial cells. These steroidogenic enzymes are biologically active, as shown by the ability of brain tissue explants to convert [(3)H]pregnenolone into various radiolabeled steroids. The frog brain has also been extensively used as a model to study the mechanism of regulation of neurosteroidogenesis by neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. It has been demonstrated that the biosynthesis of neurosteroids is inhibited by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acting through GABA(A) receptors, and neuropeptide Y, acting through Y1 receptors, and is stimulated by the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN), acting through central-type benzodiazepine receptors, triakontatetraneuropeptide (TTN), acting through peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors, and vasotocin, acting through V1a-like receptors. These data indicate that some of the neurophysiological effects of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides may be mediated through modulation of neurosteroid biosynthesis.
Do Rego
Jean-Luc
JL
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U413, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
Seong
Jae Young
JY
Burel
Delphine
D
Luu-The
Van
V
Larhammar
Dan
D
Tsutsui
Kazuyoshi
K
Pelletier
Georges
G
Tonon
Marie-Christine
MC
Vaudry
Hubert
H
D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000378:metabolism*; D013256:Steroids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
D013256:Steroids; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid