title: Growth hormone transgenesis influences carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism capacity for energy production in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).
abstract: Growth hormone (GH) transgenesis results in increased growth, feed intake and consequent metabolic rates in fish, and alters the utilization of dietary and stored carbohydrates, lipid and protein. However, the manner in which GH transgenesis differentially alters these energy sources in fish has not been well explored. We examined the effects of GH transgenesis and dietary carbohydrate, lipid and protein levels on metabolic enzyme activity in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). In white muscle, increased activities of glycolytic enzymes and decreased activities of lipolytic enzymes in transgenic fish indicate a sparing of lipids through the preferential use of carbohydrates for energy production. In liver, transgenic fish showed increased activity of lipid synthesis enzymes and a shift in amino acid metabolism from catabolic to synthetic roles, suggesting a larger emphasis on anabolic pathways in transgenic fish to support accelerated growth. Unlike nontransgenic fish, transgenic fish fed a diet high in carbohydrates maintained growth rates, had increased capacity for lipid synthesis, and increased potential for biosynthetic roles of amino acids. GH transgenesis influences metabolic reactions in coho salmon by emphasizing carbohydrate degradation for energy production and lipid synthesis, and increasing utilization of lipids and proteins for synthetic roles necessary to maintain accelerated growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries and Oceans, University of British Columbia, Centre for Aquaculture and Environmental Research, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, Canada V7V 1N6.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Leggatt
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Raven
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Mommsen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sakhrani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Higgs
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Devlin
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology; D017684:Oncorhynchus kisutch / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D029941:Fish Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D013006:Growth Hormone