title: Rapamycin inhibition of the Akt/mTOR pathway blocks select stages of VEGF-A164-driven angiogenesis, in part by blocking S6Kinase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the stages of VEGF-A(164) driven angiogenesis that are inhibited by therapeutic doses of rapamycin and the potential role of S6K1 in that response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assessed the effects of rapamycin on the several stages of angiogensis and lymphangiogenesis induced with an adenovirus expressing VEGF-A(164) (Ad-VEGF-A(164)) in the ears of adult nude mice. Rapamycin (0.5 mg/kg/d) effectively inhibited mTOR and downstream S6K1 signaling and partially inhibited Akt signaling, likely through effects on TORC2. The earliest stages of angiogenesis, including mother vessel formation and increased vascular permeability, were strikingly inhibited by rapamycin, as was subsequent formation of daughter glomeruloid microvasular proliferations. However, later stage formation of vascular malformations and lymphangiogenesis were unaffected. Retrovirally delivered isoforms and shRNAs demonstrated that S6K1 signaling plays an important role in early VEGF-A(164)-angiogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapamycin potently inhibited early and mid stages of VEGF-A(164)-driven angiogenesis, but not late-stage angiogenesis or lymphangiogenesis. Rapamycin decreased phosphorylation of both Akt and S6, suggesting that both the TORC1 and TORC2 pathways are impacted. Inhibition of S6K1 signaling downstream of mTOR is a major component of the antiangiogenesis action of rapamycin.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vascular Biology and the Department of Pathology at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Janice A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Eleanor J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Manseau
authors.forename: Thuy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Phung
authors.forename: Harold F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Dvorak
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Benjamin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus