title: Diffusion-weighted imaging of prostate cancer: correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient values and tumor proliferation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of prostate cancer (PCa) are able to reflect tumor proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical and pathological information for 38 patients with PCa and 33 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) were studied. Examination of the patients was performed using a 1.5 T superconducting magnetic scanner equipped with a pelvic phased-array multicoil. Diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) were acquired using an echo-planar imaging sequence. The ADC values of PCa, BPH, and peripheral zone (PZ) were calculated. The cellularity of PCa was recorded based on hematoxylin and eosin staining. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected using an immunohistochemical technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ADC values of PCa, BPH, and PZ were 49.32 +/- 12.68 x 10(-5) mm(2)/s, 86.73 +/- 26.75 x 10(-5) mm(2)/s, and 126.25 +/- 27.21 x 10(-5) mm(2)/s, respectively. The ADC values of PCa were lower than those of BPH and PZ (P < 0.05). The cellularity and PCNA labeling index (LI) of PCa were higher than those of BPH (P < 0.05). The ADC values of PCa were negatively correlated with those of cellularity and PCNA LI (r = -0.646 and -0.446, respectively; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ADC values of PCa can reveal the differences in proliferative activity between PCa and BPH. These values are therefore able to predict the proliferative rate of variously differentiated prostate cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xi Zhen
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi Qin
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jin Gang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zuo Qin
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qing Liang
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Zhen Kui
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yu Xiao
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen