title: The working alliance and employment outcomes for people with severe mental illness enrolled in vocational programs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the working alliance and employment outcomes in persons with severe mental illness receiving vocational services. Another purpose of this study was to determine whether working alliance differences exist between clients receiving evidence-based supported employment services and those receiving traditional stepwise vocational services.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a secondary analysis of a 2-year randomized controlled trial comparing two employment programs providing services to people with severe mental illness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrary to expectations, no overall relationship was found between the working alliance and employment outcomes. As predicted, supported employment participants each assigned to a single vocational worker had more positive working alliances than participants served by a team of vocational workers in the traditional vocational program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of an association between the working alliance and employment outcomes is inconsistent with previous literature. Further research is needed using standardized working alliance measures and larger samples that include both working and nonworking clients. Evidence-based supported employment, which employs individual caseloads, seems to foster better relationships than a team-based vocational approach, although future research is needed to replicate this finding.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA. mkukla@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kukla
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000523:psychology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012944:Social Support; D014829:Vocational Education; D055815:Young Adult