title: Penile block is associated with less urinary retention than caudal anesthesia in distal hypospadia repair in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caudal anesthesia (CA) is widely recommended due to excellent analgesia in distal hypospadia repairs, but its potential side effect on urinary retention interferes with patient comfort. To objective is to determine the impact of CA versus penile block (PB) on postoperative micturition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty distal hypospadia repairs performed over a 48-month period were analyzed concerning the impact of applicated analgesia on postoperative micturition. Inclusion criteria were Mathieu or Snodgrass procedures, use of a non-dribbling urethral stent, CA or PB. Endpoint was first postoperative micturation (<6 h), or treatment of delayed postoperative micturation (>6 h).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CA was used in 27 and PB in 33 cases. Compared groups had similar age (mean: 31 months, range 12-68 vs. 28 months, range: 14-145), weight (mean: 13 kg, range 9-18 vs. 15 kg, range 8-59), operation duration (mean 61 min, range 30-105 vs. mean 67 min, range 35-120) and surgical technique (Mathieu/Snodgrass: 7/20 CA vs. 19/14 PB). Micturation was significantly less impaired in the PB than CA group (5/33 vs. 15/27; p < 0.05). Delayed or non-micturation was successfully treated in 4 and 14 patients, respectively, by cholinergic agonists. One patient of each group required a suprapubic drain on the first operative day after unsuccessful medical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our series, children undergoing distal hypospadia repair experienced significantly less impaired micturition when using penile block instead of caudal anesthesia. We recommend penile block as the first choice perioperative analgesia, when spontaneous postoperative micturition must be guaranteed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. mmetzelder@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Martin Lothar
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Metzelder
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kuebler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glueer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suempelmann
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ure
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block; D010413:Penis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*