title: Muscarinic M3 receptor stimulation increases cigarette smoke-induced IL-8 secretion by human airway smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Acetylcholine is the primary parasympathetic neurotransmitter in the airways and is known to cause bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion. Recent findings suggest that acetylcholine also regulates aspects of remodelling and inflammation through its action on muscarinic receptors. In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of muscarinic receptor stimulation on cytokine production by human airway smooth muscle cells (primary and immortalised cell lines). The muscarinic receptor agonists carbachol and methacholine both induced modest effects on basal interleukin (IL)-8 and -6 secretion, whereas the secretion of RANTES, eotaxin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was not affected. Secretion of IL-8 and -6 was only observed in immortalised airway smooth muscle cells that express muscarinic M3 receptors. In these cells, methacholine also significantly augmented IL-8 secretion in combination with cigarette smoke extract in a synergistic manner, whereas synergistic effects on IL-6 secretion were not significant. Muscarinic M3 receptors were the primary subtype involved in augmenting cigarette smoke extract-induced IL-8 secretion, as only tiotropium bromide and muscarinic M3 receptor subtype selective antagonists abrogated the effects of methacholine. Collectively, these results indicate that muscarinic M3 receptor stimulation augments cigarette smoke extract-induced cytokine production by airway smooth muscle. This interaction could be of importance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gosens
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rieks
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meurs
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ninaber
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Rabe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nanninga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolahian
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Halayko
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hiemstra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zuyderduyn
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D000109:Acetylcholine