title: Adapted simplified Chinese (mainland) version of Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire.
abstract: METHODS
  Validation study to define validity and reliability of an adapted and translated questionnaire.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study attempted to validate the traditional Chinese (Hong Kong) version of the modified Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) Outcomes Instrument, SRS-22, into simplified Chinese for use in mainland China.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although a traditional Chinese (Hong Kong) adaptation of the SRS-22 has been previously validated, no culturally adapted, validated SRS-22 exists for use in mainland China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adhering to International Quality of Life Assessment Project guidelines, the adapted traditional Chinese SRS-22 was translated into simplified Chinese while referencing the original English questionnaire. To examine the psychometric properties and clinical application of the adapted simplified Chinese SRS-22, a survey was conducted in a group of randomly selected 87 patients previously surgically treated at an outpatient clinic. Reliability assessment of the simplified Chinese version of the SRS-22 was determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha and intraclass coefficient (ICC) values. Concurrent validity was evaluated by comparing SRS-22 domains with relevant domains of the simplified Short-Form-36 questionnaire; correlation was made using Pearson correlation coefficients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's alpha, applied to each of the 22 questions of the adapted SRS-22, revealed very satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80-0.89) for function/activity and pain, and good consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.50-0.79) for the remaining domains. The test/retest reproducibility was found to be good (ICC > or =0.40-0.75) in the function/activity domain, and excellent (ICC > or =0.75) in the remaining domains. In terms of concurrent validity, 3 domains had excellent correlation, while 10 had good correlation, and 21 had moderate correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors report the validation of a simplified Chinese SRS-22 for use in mainland China, which is culturally relevant, reliable, repeatable, psychometrically sound, and suitable for immediate clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. limingch@21cn.com
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chuan-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Su-Xi
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Shi-Sheng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ying-Chuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jing-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012955:Societies, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult