title: Management of severe hypospadias.
abstract: Many classifications of hypospadias have been published, mainly based on the position of the ectopic meatus, which is an insufficient criterion to define the severity of this malformation. What really marks the proximal landmark of this malformation is the level of division of the corpus spongiosum, which is always proximal to the ectopic meatus. In this article, we will focus on the most severe forms of hypospadias which include those with a proximal division of corpus spongiosum (below the midshaft), important chordee and a poor development of the ventral radius, reflecting a marked hypovirilization of the genital tubercle, and cripple hypospadias resulting from several previous failed surgical procedures. The principle of hypospadias surgery will be reviewed together with the outcome of the current surgical techniques. Furthermore, common complications will be outlined. There is no minor or major hypospadias and all forms require a solid experience of the surgeon, as minor looking hypospadias may turn out to be far more complex to repair than they appear once the ventral radius of the penis has been dissected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Debrousse Hospital, Claude-Bernard University, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catti
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demède
authors.forename: Anne-Frédérique
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Valmalle
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Mure
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hameury
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mouriquand