title: Menière's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Menière's disease causes recurrent vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and fullness or pressure in the ear, which mainly affects adults aged 40-60 years. Menière's disease is at first progressive but fluctuating, and episodes can occur in clusters. Vertigo usually resolves but hearing deteriorates, and symptoms other than hearing loss and tinnitus usually improve regardless of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments for acute attacks of Menière's disease; and of interventions to prevent attacks and delay disease progression of Menière's disease? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to January 2006 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 17 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, betahistine, cinnarizine, dietary modification, diuretics, phenothiazines, psychological support, trimetazidine, vestibular rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Adrian L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Thorp
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D001621:Betahistine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D034381:Hearing Loss; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008575:Meniere Disease; D014012:Tinnitus; D014292:Trimetazidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014717:Vertigo / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D014292:Trimetazidine; D001621:Betahistine