title: One, two, three, many - subitizing in active touch.
abstract: 'Subitizing' refers to rapid and accurate judgement of small numbers of items, while response times and error rates increase rapidly for larger set-sizes. Most enumeration studies have been done in vision. Enumeration studies in touch have mostly involved 'passive touch', i.e. touch without active exploration. In daily life a much more common situation is that of 'active touch', e.g. when we count the number of coins in our pocket. To investigate numerosity judgement in active touch, we let subjects haptically explore varying numbers of spheres. Our results show that enumeration for up to 3 items is more efficient than for larger numbers of items. We also show that enumeration in this regime was not performed through estimation. Furthermore, it is shown that numerosity information was accessed directly and not through mass or volume cues. Not only do our results show that a haptic version of subitizing exists in active touch, they also suggest similar underlying enumeration mechanisms across different modalities.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands. M.A.Plaisier@uu.nl
authors.forename: Myrthe A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Plaisier
authors.forename: Wouter M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bergmann Tiest
authors.forename: Astrid M L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kappers
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D011930:Reaction Time; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055698:Touch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult