title: Modelling the kinetics of ethyl formate sorption by wheat using batch experiments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethyl formate formulations are being considered to replace methyl bromide for fast grain disinfestation. Grain adsorbs ethyl formate rapidly, which can result in inadequate fumigation concentrations and unacceptable grain residues. A model of ethyl formate sorption kinetics will enable fumigation approaches to be determined that meet disinfestation and food safety requirements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This paper identifies all mass transport processes involved in ethyl formate sorption by wheat from published and experimental evidence. The model accounts for reaction losses of ethyl formate in air and grain using first-order kinetics, transport in the gas and solid phases with linear mass transfer coefficients and uses a linear partition relationship representation of sorption equilibrium. Batch experimental data were measured to determine model coefficients. Novel gaseous breakdown data for ethyl formate in air were measured, and first-order kinetics was demonstrated, although the specific reactions involved were not identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The model predicts air and grain fumigant concentrations relevant for grain disinfestation and food residue contamination successfully. The form of the model should be applicable to all fumigant-grain systems, as it accounts for the diffusion and reaction influences known to occur with all modern fumigants under concentration and exposure conditions relevant to industry.
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, LPO Box 5012, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia. james.darby@csiro.au
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Darby
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Damcevski
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D005563:Formic Acid Esters / Q000737:chemistry*; D005651:Fumigation / Q000379:methods*; D007700:Kinetics; D015233:Models, Statistical; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005563:Formic Acid Esters; C510888:ethyl formate