title: Renal integrity in sevoflurane sedation in the intensive care unit with the anesthetic-conserving device: a comparison with intravenous propofol sedation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased inorganic fluoride levels after methoxyflurane exposure in the 1970s and prolonged intraoperative sevoflurane use have been suggested to be potentially nephrotoxic. In the intensive care unit we evaluated the effect on renal integrity of short-term inhaled postoperative sedation with sevoflurane using the Anesthetic Conserving Device (ACD) compared with propofol.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, randomized, single-blinded study, after major abdominal, vascular or thoracic surgery 125 patients were allocated to receive either sevoflurane (n = 64) via the ACD (end-tidal 0.5-1 vol%) or i.v. propofol (n = 61) for postoperative sedation up to 24 h. Urinary alpha-glutathione-s-transferase as primary outcome variable, urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, serum creatinine, and inorganic fluoride concentrations, urine output and fluid management were measured preoperatively, at the end of surgery, and at 24 and 48 h postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sedation time in the intensive care unit was comparable between the sevoflurane (9.2 +/- 4.3 h) and the propofol (9.3 +/- 4.7 h) group. Alpha-glutathione-s-transferase levels were significantly increased at 24 and 48 h postoperatively compared with preoperative values in both groups, without significant differences between the groups. N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and serum creatinine remained unchanged in both study groups, and urine output and creatinine clearance were comparable between the groups throughout the study period. Inorganic fluoride levels increased significantly (P < 0.001) at 24 h after sevoflurane exposure (39 +/- 25 micromol/L) compared with propofol (3 +/- 6 micromol/L) and remained elevated 48 h later (33 +/- 26 vs 3 +/- 5 micromol/L). One patient in each group suffered from renal insufficiency, requiring intensive diuretic therapy, but not dialysis, during hospital stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term sedation with either sevoflurane using ACD or propofol did not negatively affect renal function postoperatively. Although inorganic fluoride levels were elevated after sevoflurane exposure, glomerular and tubular renal integrity were preserved throughout the hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Bremserstrasse 79, D-67063 Ludwigshafen, Germany. k.d.roehm@web.de
authors.forename: Kerstin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Röhm
authors.forename: Andinet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mengistu
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boldt
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Grietje
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Swen N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Piper
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D005459:Fluorides / Q000097:blood; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005459:Fluorides; D015742:Propofol