title: Measuring ocular aberrations and image quality  in peripheral vision with a clinical wavefront  aberrometer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical aberrometers are accurate, robust instruments for measuring wavefront aberrations for foveal vision, but several practical concerns arise when performing aberrometry of the peripheral field. The purpose of this study was to evaluate these concerns experimentally using a physical eye model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A physical model eye was constructed to provide a stable test case that resembled a human eye. Aberrations were measured with a commercial Shack-Hartmann aberrometer along lines-of-sight ranging from zero to 45 degrees of eccentricity. Commercial software for wavefront reconstruction and Zernike analysis was adapted for use with elliptical entrance pupils encountered off-axis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pupil dimensions estimated from the array of Shack-Hartmann spots captured by the wavefront sensor followed geometrical optics predictions up to 30 degrees eccentricity. With careful attention to detail, aberration analysis over an elliptical pupil was verified with alternative software. Retinal image quality declined slowly as eccentricity increased due to the eye model's spherical aberration. The total RMS computed from Zernike coefficients overestimated the total RMS computed based on the wavefront error of the elliptical pupil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of off-axis wavefront aberrations of a model eye over a restricted range of eccentricities is possible with the COAS clinical wavefront aberrometer and auxiliary lenses to correct astigmatism. When central image quality is good, the off-axis aberrations will have a powerful effect on peripheral image quality. When central image quality is poor, the additional effect of off-axis aberrations will be minor.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry, Indiana University,800 E. Atwater Avenue, Bloomington IN 47405, USA. jieshen@indiana.edu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Larry N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Thibos
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D019781:Corneal Topography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D009907:Optometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011680:Pupil; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012984:Software; D014794:Visual Fields