Lifestyle factors related to iodine intakes in French adults.
OBJECTIVE
To assess dietary iodine intakes among adults and to investigate the relationships of dietary, lifestyle, demographic and geographical characteristics with dietary iodine status. Adequacy of iodine intakes was also assessed.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study. Linear regression analyses and logistic regression modelling were used to determine correlates of iodine intakes. Usual iodine mean intake was calculated by averaging six 24 h dietary records completed over a 2-year period.


METHODS
Females aged 35-60 years (n 2962) and males aged 45-60 years (n 2117) living in France and who participated in the SU.VI.MAX study.


RESULTS
Iodine intakes ranged from 30.0 to 446.3 microg/d. The median iodine intake was 150.7 microg/d for males and 131.4 microg/d for females. High-level (97.5th percentile) intakes were 273.4 microg/d for males and 245.0 microg/d for females. Overall, 8.5 % of males and 20.3 % of females had intakes <100 microg/d (P < 0.001). Alcohol drinkers and smokers tended to have lower iodine intakes than abstainers or non-smokers. Regular physical activity and both intermediate and high education levels were associated with a lower risk of iodine intake of <150 microg/d. For both males and females there were significant overall regional differences (P < 0.001) in multivariate-adjusted iodine intakes, with higher adjusted iodine intakes in Brittany and Normandy than in the north-eastern region.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data show a borderline low iodine intake in this middle-aged French population. However, differences in iodine intakes may contribute to explaining only a small part of the effects of sex and age on thyroid disease incidence.
Valeix
Pierre
P
U557 INSERM/U1125 INRA/CNAM, Université Paris 13, CRNH Ile-de-France, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny Cedex, France. p.valeix@uren.smbh.univ-paris13.fr
Faure
Patrice
P
Péneau
Sandrine
S
Estaquio
Carla
C
Hercberg
Serge
S
Bertrais
Sandrine
S
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency
D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014131:Trace Elements; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine