title: Recognizing macrophage activation and host defense.
abstract: G.B. Shaw's entreaty, "Stimulate the phagocytes," found its perfect interlocutor in Carl Nathan. Nearly 40 years ago, Nathan discovered macrophages were activated via soluble mediators released from T-lymphocytes-later identified as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-for killing microbial pathogens. This year's Robert Koch Prize celebrates a lasting legacy for innate immunity.
authors.affiliation: Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. john.macmicking@yale.edu
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: MacMicking
mesh_terms: D000486:Allergy and Immunology / Q000266:history*; D000818:Animals; D001363:Awards and Prizes; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma