title: Psychosocial job characteristics and insomnia: a prospective cohort study using the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) job stress models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prospective effects of psychosocial job characteristics evaluated with the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) models on insomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study with a two-year observation was performed. The subjects were 1022 middle-aged (>or= 39 years) Japanese workers. The following associations were analyzed: high job strain, low social support, effort-reward imbalance, and overcommitment to work at the baseline with self-reported persistence and future onset of insomnia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among those who were insomniacs at the baseline (N=292), low social support [adjusted odds ratio (95% CI): 2.00 (1.18, 3.40)] and effort-reward imbalance [2.40 (1.13, 5.10)] at the baseline had a significant relationship to insomnia at the follow-up. Among those who were not insomniacs at the baseline (N=730), overcommitment to work [1.75 (1.16, 2.66)] and high job strain [1.72 (1.06, 2.79)] at the baseline were associated with insomnia at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prospective effects of psychosocial job characteristics on insomnia differed between its persistence and future onset. Proportionate reward for work effort and sufficient support at work assist recovery from insomnia, while overcommitment to work and high job strain cause future onset of insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan. ohtaa@fujita-hu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsuhiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masue
authors.forename: Nobufumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Akizumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mino
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012201:Reward; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*