title: Impact of IQ, computer-gaming skills, general dexterity, and laparoscopic experience on performance with the da Vinci surgical system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to improved ergonomics and dexterity, robotic surgery is promoted as being easily performed by surgeons with no special skills necessary. We tested this hypothesis by measuring IQ elements, computer gaming skills, general dexterity with chopsticks, and evaluating laparoscopic experience in correlation to performance ability with the da Vinci robot.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four individuals were tested for robotic dexterity, IQ elements, computer-gaming skills and general dexterity. Eighteen surgically inexperienced and 16 laparoscopically trained surgeons were included. Each individual performed three different tasks with the da Vinci surgical system and their times were recorded. An IQ test (elements: logical thinking, 3D imagination and technical understanding) was completed by each participant. Computer skills were tested with a simple computer game (hand-eye coordination) and general dexterity was evaluated by the ability to use chopsticks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no correlation between logical thinking, 3D imagination and robotic skills. Both computer gaming and general dexterity showed a slight but non-significant improvement in performance with the da Vinci robot (p > 0.05). A significant correlation between robotic skills, technical understanding and laparoscopic experience was observed (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data support the conclusion that there are no significant correlations between robotic performance and logical thinking, 3D understanding, computer gaming skills and general dexterity. A correlation between robotic skills and technical understanding may exist. Laparoscopic experience seems to be the strongest predictor of performance with the da Vinci surgical system. Generally, it appears difficult to determine non-surgical predictors for robotic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland. MonikaHagen@aol.com
authors.forename: Monika E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: Oliver J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Ihsan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Inan
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morel
mesh_terms: D007360:Intelligence; D020706:Laparoscopes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010820:Physicians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013557:Switzerland; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis