title: Novel insulin-like growth factor-methotrexate covalent conjugate inhibits tumor growth in vivo at lower dosage than methotrexate alone.
abstract: The insulin-like growth factor receptor is overexpressed on many types of cancer cells and has been implicated in metastasis and resistance to apoptosis. We report here the development of a novel covalent conjugate that contains the antifolate drug methotrexate coupled to an engineered variant of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), long-R3-IGF-1, which was designed to target methotrexate to tumor cells that overexpress the membrane IGF-1 receptor. The IGF-methotrexate conjugate was found to contain at least 4 methotrexate molecules per IGF-1 protein. The IGF-methotrexate conjugate bound to MCF7 breast cancer cells with greater than 3.3-fold higher affinity than unconjugated long-R3-IGF-1 in a competition binding assay against radiolabeled wild-type IGF-1. Compared with free methotrexate, the IGF-methotrexate conjugate required slightly higher concentrations to inhibit the in vitro growth of the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. In vivo, however, in a mouse xenograft model using LNCaP cells, the IGF-methotrexate conjugate was more effective than free methotrexate even at a 6.25-fold lower molar dosage. Similarly, MCF7 xenografts were inhibited more effectively by the IGF-methotrexate conjugate than free methotrexate, even at a 4-fold lower molar dosage. Our results suggest that the targeting of the IGF receptor on tumor cells and tumor-related tissues with IGF-chemotherapy conjugates may substantially increase the specific drug localization and therapeutic effect in the tumor.
authors.affiliation: IGF Oncology, LLC, Saint Paul, MN 55110, USA. hmctavish@IGFOncology.com
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McTavish
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terai
authors.forename: Arkadiusz Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Dudek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D008727:Methotrexate