title: Dietary intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids in relation to long-term dementia risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Greater fish and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake may reduce dementia risk; however, previous studies have reported conflicting results, which were largely based on short-term follow-up.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to study the dietary consumption of fish and omega-3 PUFAs in relation to long-term dementia risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 5395 participants aged > or =55 y in the Rotterdam Study who were free of dementia and reported dietary information at baseline. We used age- and sex-adjusted Cox proportional hazard and multivariate-adjusted models to evaluate the relative risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) across categories of typical fish intake (none, low, and high) and fish type consumed (none, lean, and fatty). We also evaluated dementia and AD risk across tertiles of omega-3 PUFA intake, specifically, total long-chain omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-linolenic acid, and EPA and DHA individually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During an average follow-up of 9.6 y, dementia developed in 465 participants (365 with a diagnosis of AD). In multivariate-adjusted models, total fish intake was unrelated to dementia risk (P for trend = 0.7). Compared with participants who typically ate no fish, those with a high fish intake had a similar dementia risk (hazard ratio: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.19), as did those who typically ate fatty fish (hazard ratio: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.24). Dietary intakes of omega-3 PUFAs were also not associated with dementia risk, and the results were similar when we considered AD specifically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this Dutch cohort, who had a moderate consumption of fish and omega-3 PUFAs, these dietary factors do not appear to be associated with long-term dementia risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Devore
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grodstein
authors.forename: Frank J A
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Rooij
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: Meir J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: Jacqueline C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Witteman
authors.forename: Monique M B
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Breteler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D018579:Patient Selection; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid