title: Complementary effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease continue to pose major healthcare challenges. Early initiation of therapy aimed at slowing the progression of CKD is essential. Increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system activity and, in particular, elevated levels of angiotensin II (AII) play important roles in the development and progression of CKD. Therefore, pharmacologic therapies that block the effects of AII and reduce its pathogenic effects are cornerstones of clinical management. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to have renoprotective effects in addition to their ability to control blood pressure. There is accumulating clinical evidence that the combination of an ACEI and an ARB provides greater renal protection, particularly in decreasing proteinuria, than does either agent alone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0565, USA. eripley@mcvh-vcu.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ripley
mesh_terms: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin