title: Comparison of treatment costs in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes in Germany based on the APOLLO trial with insulin glargine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A cost analysis of once-daily insulin glargine versus three-times daily insulin lispro in combination with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) for insulin-naive type 2 diabetes patients in Germany based on the APOLLO trial (A Parallel design comparing an Oral antidiabetic drug combination therapy with either Lantus once daily or Lispro at mealtime in type 2 diabetes patients failing Oral treatment).
  
  
  METHODS
  Annual direct treatment costs were estimated from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance (SHI). Costs accounted for included insulin medication, disposable pens and consumable items (needles, blood glucose test strips and lancets). Sensitivity analyses (on resource use and unit costs) were performed to reflect current German practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average treatment costs per patient per year in the base case were 1,073 euro for glargine and 1,794 euro for lispro. Insulin costs represented 65% vs. 37% of total costs respectively. Acquisition costs of glargine were offset by the lower costs of consumable items (380 euro vs. 1,139 euro). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results in favour of glargine. All scenarios yielded cost savings in total treatment costs ranging from 84 euro to 727 euro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination therapy of once-daily insulin glargine versus three-times daily insulin lispro both with OADs, in the management of insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes offers the potential for substantial cost savings from the German SHI perspective.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Justus-Liebig Universität, Giessen, Germany. reinhard.bretzel@uniklinikum-giessen.de
authors.forename: Reinhard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bretzel
authors.forename: Franz-Werner
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Dippel
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Linn
authors.forename: Aileen Rae
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Neilson
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004865:Equipment and Supplies, Hospital / Q000191:economics; D005858:Germany; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting