title: [Effect of pentoxifylline on the evolution of diabetic nephropathy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the principal cause of end-chronic kidney disease. Metabolic and hemodynamic components are directly involved. However, convincing data have shown that inflammation participates in the diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the inhibition of the inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines with pentoxifylline (PXF) attenuate the progression of the DN.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study, we evaluated the effect of PXF (1200 mg daily) during 12 months, in 34 patients with incipient or established DN. Evaluated parameters were inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and urinary albumin excretion (UAE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PXF treatment had a reno-protective effect determined by a significant reduction in the UAE in both incipient and established (p<0,01) DN patient. This effect was attributed to a reduction in the C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin serum levels (p<0,01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PXF treatment caused regression and prevented the progression of renal damage. Thus, PXF should be used in the preventive treatment of DN. These results showed that inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines are related to the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital General Regional No. 1 (HGR No. 1), Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social (IMSS). Morelia, Michoacán, México.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leyva-Jiménez
authors.forename: Alaín R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Orozco
authors.forename: Luz Elena
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ortega-Pierres
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Enríquez
authors.forename: Anel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez-García
authors.forename: Cleto
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Aguilar
mesh_terms: D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010431:Pentoxifylline