title: Enhanced 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' in borderline personality disorder compared to healthy controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is partly characterized by chronic instability in interpersonal relationships, which exacerbates other symptom dimensions of the disorder and can interfere with treatment engagement. Facial emotion recognition paradigms have been used to investigate the bases of interpersonal impairments in BPD, yielding mixed results. We sought to clarify and extend past findings by using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), a measure of the capacity to discriminate the mental state of others from expressions in the eye region of the face.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty individuals diagnosed with BPD were compared to 25 healthy controls (HCs) on RMET performance. Participants were also assessed for depression severity, emotional state at the time of assessment, history of childhood abuse, and other Axis I and personality disorders (PDs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BPD group performed significantly better than the HC group on the RMET, particularly for the Total Score and Neutral emotional valences. Effect sizes were in the large range for the Total Score and for Neutral RMET performance. The results could not be accounted for by demographics, co-occurring Axis I or II conditions, medication status, abuse history, or emotional state. However, depression severity partially mediated the relationship between RMET and BPD status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mental state discrimination based on the eye region of the face is enhanced in BPD. An enhanced sensitivity to the mental states of others may be a basis for the social impairments in BPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA. ef304@columbia.edu
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fertuck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jekal
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wyman
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Brodsky
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stanley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004644:Emotions; D005123:Eye; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D018187:Personal Construct Theory; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult