title: Postnatal depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The differentiation between postnatal depression and other types of depression is often unclear, but there are treatment issues in nursing mothers that do not apply in other situations. Overall, the prevalence of depression in postpartum women is the same as the prevalence in women generally, at about 12-13%. Suicide is a major cause of maternal mortality in resource-rich countries, but rates are lower in women postpartum than in women who have not had a baby.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of drug treatments, and of non-drug treatments, for postnatal depression? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to May 2008 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 34 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: group cognitive behavioural therapy, hormones, individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), infant massage by mother, interpersonal psychotherapy, light therapy, mother-infant interaction coaching, non-directive counselling, other antidepressants, physical exercise, psychodynamic therapy, psychoeducation with partner, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), St John's Wort, telephone-based peer support.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors