title: Protein kinase SGK1 enhances MEK/ERK complex formation through the phosphorylation of ERK2: implication for the positive regulatory role of SGK1 on the ERK function during liver regeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Based on the observation of biphasic induction of SGK1 expression in the regenerating liver, we investigated the role of SGK1 in the regulation of MEK/ERK signaling pathway which plays a crucial role in regulating growth and survival signaling.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the role of SGK1 in the activation of MEK/ERK signaling cascade, we infected primary hepatocytes with recombinant adenoviral vector encoding SGK1, and assessed its effect on the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partial hepatectomy resulted in the biphasic transcriptional induction of SGK1 in regenerating liver tissues. Infection of primary hepatocytes with an adenoviral vector encoding SGK1 enhanced the ERK phosphorylation under serum-starved conditions and this was blocked by the expression of kinase-dead SGK1. SGK1 was found to physically interact with ERK1/2 as well as MEK1/2. Furthermore, SGK1 mediated the phosphorylation of ERK2 on Ser(29) in a serum-dependent manner. Replacement of Ser(29) to aspartic acid, which mimics the phosphorylation of Ser(29), enhanced the ERK2 activity as well as the MEK/ERK complexes formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SGK1 expression during liver regeneration is a part of a signaling pathway that is necessary for enhancing ERK signaling activation through modulating the MEK/ERK complex formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Medical Science, Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Kyeong Ah
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hee Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Young-Rae
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung Lyul
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jang Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jongsun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jeong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.forename: Young-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chung-Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: In Sang
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yong Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Han-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Gang Min
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1 / Q000502:physiology; D048370:MAP Kinase Kinase 2 / Q000502:physiology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases
chemical_list: D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D048370:MAP Kinase Kinase 2; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases