title: In vitro evaluation of metacarpophalangeal joint loading during simulated walk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insight into the loading pattern of the articular cartilage surface during the complete stride is important as biomechanical factors play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of joint trauma and osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the loading pattern in the equine MCP articulation in vitro during simulated walk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight cadaveric limbs from mature Dutch Warmblood horses were loaded in a pneumatic loading device in 6 different positions (A1-A6). The pressure distribution on the articular surface of the proximal phalanx (P1) was measured at 7 sites (S1-7) using intra-articularly placed pressure sensitive films, which were analysed by scanning and densitometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pressures recorded after mid-stance (A4, 5, 6) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those before (A1, 2, 3) and showed the biphasic loading pattern of the walk at all sites, except for the site halfway along the sagittal groove (S7). At S7, there was a linear increase in pressure during the progress of the stance phase of the stride in most horses. Medially (S4, 5, 6) the pressure was significantly higher than laterally (S1, 2, 3) (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The heavier medial loading coincides with the location where articular cartilage degeneration in the process of OA in the equine MCP joint is known to start. The discrepancy between the loading of the central groove and the other parts of the joint may result in large stress differences at the end of the stance phase, which might be related to the pathogenesis of stress fractures in the first phalanx and distal third metacarpal bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Den Hartog
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brommer
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: van Weeren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005552:Forelimb / Q000502:physiology*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007596:Joints / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*