Accelerated course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in PD-1-deficient central nervous system myelin mutants.
It is assumed that the onset and course of autoimmune inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorders (eg, multiple sclerosis) are influenced by factors that afflict immune regulation as well as CNS vulnerability. We challenged this concept experimentally by investigating how genetic alterations that affect myelin (primary oligodendrocyte damage in PLPtg mice) and/or T-cell regulation (deficiency of PD-1) influence both the onset and course of an experimental autoimmune CNS inflammatory disease [MOG(35-55)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)]. We observed that double pathology was associated with a significantly earlier onset of disease, a slight increase in the neurological score, an increase in the number of infiltrating cells, and enhanced axonal degeneration compared with wild-type mice and the respective, single mutant controls. Double-mutant PLPtg/PD-1(-/-) mice showed an increased production of interferon-gamma by CNS immune cells at the peak of disease. Neither PD-1 deficiency nor oligodendropathy led to detectable spread of antigenic MHC class I- or class II-restricted epitopes during EAE. However, absence of PD-1 clearly increased the propensity of T lymphocytes to expand, and the number of clonal expansions reliably reflected the severity of the EAE disease course. Our data show that the interplay between immune dysregulation and myelinopathy results in a stable exacerbation of actively induced autoimmune CNS inflammation, suggesting that the combination of several pathological issues contributes significantly to disease susceptibility or relapses in human disease.
Kroner
Antje
A
Clinical Research Group for MS and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef Schneider Strasse 11, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
Schwab
Nicholas
N
Ip
Chi Wang
CW
Ortler
Sonja
S
Göbel
Kerstin
K
Nave
Klaus-Armin
KA
Mäurer
Mathias
M
Martini
Rudolf
R
Wiendl
Heinz
H
D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000473:pathology; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; C491383:Pdcd1 protein, mouse; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor