title: Human papillomavirus infection as a prognostic factor in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas treated in a prospective phase II clinical trial.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of high-risk HPV-16 in patients with HNSCC, assess the impact of HPV status on treatment response and survival in this select cohort treated with combined modality therapy and to identify the differences in HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in HPV-positive and -negative tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients had resectable, untreated stage III, IV HNSCC of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hyopharynx or larynx, and stage II cancer of the base of tongue, hypopharynx and larynx. HPV status was determined by conventional PCR in fresh frozen biopsy samples and by Taqman PCR assay on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on HPV status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV-16 was detected in 14 of 24 evaluable cases. There were no significant differences in response rates after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (86% vs. 90%) in HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients, respectively. There was a trend toward better progression-free (HR=0.15, 95% CI=0.002-12.54; p=0.06) and overall survival (HR=0.14, 95% CI=0.001-14.12; p=0.10) for HPV-positive patients. In a subset of 13 fresh frozen samples, RT-PCR revealed a significant increase in VEGF mRNA levels in HPV-positive tumors (p<0.01). No difference was seen for HIF-1alpha expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV presence portended a better prognosis in patients with oropharyngeal SCC treated with a multimodality treatment in a prospective clinical trial. The level of VEGF mRNA was up-regulated in HPV-16-positive tumors possibly through an HIF-1 independent manner.
authors.affiliation: City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juhasz
authors.forename: Keqiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruel
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loera
authors.forename: Sharon P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Wilczynski
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Xiyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellenhorn
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Somlo
authors.forename: Nayana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibata
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers