A critical review of the full economic evaluations of pharmacological treatments for glaucoma.
OBJECTIVE
This literature review aimed to critically assess the 'state of the art' of the full economic evaluations (FEEs) on glaucoma pharmacological treatments. This is the first review that tries to thoroughly assess both costs and consequences of pharmacoeconomic evaluations on glaucoma.


METHODS
A literature search was done on the international databases PubMed and EMBASE, to find all the studies published in English on pharmacological treatments for glaucoma in the period 1997-2006. An economic and a clinical checklist were adopted to analyse FEEs and their clinical sources (CS). Finally, the reliability of the 33 FEEs included in the 15 articles selected was assessed from the health authorities' perspective by applying a critical appraisal checklist of 16 items derived from the economic and clinical variables previously analysed.


RESULTS
The major weakness of the articles reviewed seemed to be the extensive recourse to expert panel opinions and assumptions at each phase of the economic analysis. About one-third of the FEEs even based their clinical efficacy on non-evidence-based sources. The critical appraisal of the CS methodological characteristics showed that their quality was not high either.


CONCLUSIONS
This review showed that most FEEs on glaucoma suffer substantial methodological limits, mainly due to the scarce quality of available CSs, so public authorities should consider their results very cautiously for healthcare decision making.
Koleva
Daniela
D
Centre for Health Economics, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri, Ranica, Italy.
De Compadri
Paola
P
Virgili
Gianni
G
Nobili
Alessandro
A
Garattini
Livio
L
D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans