title: High high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol reduces risk and extent of percutaneous coronary intervention-related myocardial infarction and improves long-term outcome in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study tested whether high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) has an effect on percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-induced myocardial infarction and its prognosis. Elevation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) > 3x upper normal limit after PCI is defined as PCI-related myocardial infarction (PMI) and is associated with a negative prognosis. No data exist on the relationship of HDL-C to PMI and PMI-related outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-procedural HDL-C levels and post-procedural peak cTnI levels were collected in 350 patients undergoing PCI. Data were analysed for PMI and for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during follow-up. Patients with PMI (n = 115) had lower HDL-C levels than patients without PMI [n = 235; 1.17 mmol/L (0.75-2.51) vs. 1.27 mmol/L (0.70-2.87), P < 0.001]. Pre-procedural HDL-C levels were inversely related to the occurrence of PMI [odds ratio for PMI: 0.884, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.98; P = 0.02 for an HDL-C-increment of 5 mg/dL (0.13 mmol/L)] and to AMI during follow-up [hazard ratio (HR): 0.697, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.90; P = 0.005]. The occurrence of PMI was associated with an elevated HR for AMI (4.702, 95% CI: 1.79, 12.37; P = 0.002). Low-risk levels of pre-procedural HDL-C [men >or=40 mg/dL (>or=1.03 mmol/L), women >or=45 mg/dL (>or=1.16 mmol/L)] did not influence the negative effects of PMI on outcome (HR: 5.510, 95% CI: 1.43, 21.31; P = 0.013) and reduction of AMI-free survival [mean AMI-free survival time with PMI: 1167.5 days (95% CI: 1098.27, 1236.67) vs. 1240.7 days (95% CI: 1220.94, 1290.49) without PMI; log-rank P = 0.005]. Conclusion Small increases in HDL-C in patients undergoing elective PCI convert into a substantial reduction of risk for PMI, which has adverse effects on the long-term prognosis. Patients with PMI are at a high risk for AMI at any HDL-C level and therefore should receive particular monitoring by the treating physician over a long period after PCI.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Cardiology, West German Heart Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Katherine J E
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sattler
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Sehriban
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yün
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heusch
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erbel
authors.forename: Bodo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levkau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000401:mortality*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D019210:Troponin I