title: Ethyl pyruvate decreases HMGB1 release and ameliorates murine colitis.
abstract: Signals from stressed cells and the enteric microbiota activate macrophages and dendritic cells and mediate intestinal inflammation. HMGB1 serves as an immunogenic stimuli causing release of inflammatory cytokines by myeloid cells. Ethyl pyruvate inhibits secretion of HMGB1 and improves survival in models of endotoxemia and hemorrhagic shock. We reasoned that ethyl pyruvate may be protective in colitis, which involves similar inflammatory pathways. In IL-10(-/-) mice with established chronic colitis, ethyl pyruvate administration ameliorated colitis and reduced intestinal cytokine production. IL-10(-/-) mice demonstrated increased intestinal HMGB1 expression and decreased expression of RAGE compared with wild-type mice. Fecal HMGB1 levels were decreased in ethyl pyruvate-treated mice. Furthermore, ethyl pyruvate induced HO-1 expression in intestinal tissue. In TNBS-induced colitis, intrarectal administration of ethyl pyruvate resulted in amelioration of colitis and reduced intestinal cytokine production. In LPS-activated murine macrophages, ethyl pyruvate decreased expression of IL-12 p40 and NO production but did not affect IL-10 levels. Ethyl pyruvate did not inhibit nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB family members but attenuated NF-kappaB DNA binding. Additionally, ethyl pyruvate induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression and HO-1 promoter activation. Moreover, ethyl pyruvate prevented nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1. In conclusion, the HMGB1/RAGE pathway has pathophysiologic and diagnostic significance in experimental colitis. Ethyl pyruvate and other strategies to inhibit HMGB1 release and function represent promising interventions in chronic inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Shaival H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Davé
authors.forename: Jeremy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tilstra
authors.forename: Katsuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Fengling
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: DeMarco
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beer-Stolz
authors.forename: Antonia R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sepulveda
authors.forename: Mitchell P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lotze
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Plevy
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D000818:Animals; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000378:metabolism; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D016207:Cytokines; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; C480860:Map1lc3b protein, mouse; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011773:Pyruvates; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C046522:ethyl pyruvate; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C499321:Parp1 protein, mouse; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate