title: Synergistic effect of cardiovascular risk factors on necrotic core in coronary arteries: a report from the global intravascular radiofrequency data analysis registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explored whether an individual or a cluster of risk factors affects the extent of necrotic core (NC) assessed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) radiofrequency data (RFD) analysis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several systemic diseases contribute to the development of coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Global Intravascular Radiofrequency Data Analysis Registry was a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized database that enrolled 990 patients with coronary artery disease in whom 1 major coronary artery was imaged by IVUS-RFD. For the multivariable analysis, the population was divided into 4 classes: young women, young men (both <or=62 years), old women, and old men (>62 years). Mean NC area was categorized as 1: top quartile (>or=0.62 mm(2)) or as 0: lower 3 quartiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Young patients had less NC compared with older patients (0.40 +/- 0.36 mm(2) of NC vs. 0.50 +/- 0.46 mm(2) in old patients, p = 0.0007). Nondiabetic patients had less NC than diabetic patients (0.43 +/- 0.41 mm(2) of NC vs. 0.51 +/- 0.44 mm(2) in diabetic patients, p = 0.02). The NC area was lower in normotensive patients (0.40 +/- 0.36 mm(2)) than in hypertensive patients (0.48 +/- 0.44 mm(2)) (p = 0.02). In the bivariate analysis, age, hypertension, diabetes, and prior coronary artery bypass graft were statistically significant, however in logistic regression analysis, only age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.023, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.009 to 1.037, p = 0.001) and diabetes (OR: 1.636, 95% CI: 1.174 to 2.279, p = 0.004) remained statistically significant. In a per-class logistic regression analyses including only diabetes as covariate, the OR in young women was 2.1 (95% CI: 0.77 to 6.0, p = 0.14), in young men the OR was 1.6 (95% CI: 0.90 to 2.7, p = 0.11), in old women the OR was 2.3 (95% CI: 1.09 to 4.9, p = 0.03), and in old men the OR was 1.6 (95% CI: 0.96 to 2.7, p = 0.07). Further, when only patients with diabetes and hypertension were included, young men (OR: 2.0, p = 0.041), old women (OR: 3.04, p = 0.046), and old men (OR: 2.2, p = 0.025) were significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individually and collectively, age and diabetes mellitus are associated with an increase in NC by IVUS-RFD analysis.
authors.affiliation: Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Héctor M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Serruys
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Klaus
authors.forename: Pauliina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carlier
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goedhart
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014481:United States