title: Prenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1998-2004.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to determine how frequently orofacial clefts were diagnosed prenatally and to investigate factors associated with prenatal diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 2298 mothers from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, each of whom gave birth to a child with an orofacial cleft, and assessed associated factors using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of prenatal diagnosis for cleft lip and palate, cleft lip only, and cleft palate only were 33.3%, 20.3%, and 0.3%, respectively. Among cases with cleft lip with or without cleft palate, cleft type, geographic location, maternal body mass index, household income, year of infant's birth, and presence of multiple birth defects were significantly associated with receiving a prenatal diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the majority of infants with orofacial clefts, a prenatal diagnosis was not made. Receiving a prenatal diagnosis was significantly associated with several infant and maternal characteristics.
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Candice Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Honein
authors.forename: Charlotte A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: Sonja A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012923:Social Class; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology