title: In vitro interactions between antifungals and immunosuppressive drugs against zygomycetes.
abstract: The in vitro interaction of antifungals with immunosuppressive drugs was evaluated against zygomycetes. The combination of amphotericin B with cyclosporine, rapamycin, or tacrolimus was synergistic for 90%, 70%, and 30% of the isolates, respectively. For posaconazole, itraconazole, and ravuconazole, synergy was more frequently observed with cyclosporine than with rapamycin or tacrolimus and antagonistic interactions were rarely noted. In summary, calcineurin inhibitors and rapamycin can be synergistic in vitro with amphotericin B and azoles against zygomycetes.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, CNRS URA3012, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France. dannaoui@pasteur.fr
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dannaoui
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lortholary
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001393:Azoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009090:Mucorales / Q000187:drug effects*; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000187:drug effects; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001393:Azoles; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013844:Thiazoles; D014230:Triazoles; D017964:Itraconazole; C101425:posaconazole; D000666:Amphotericin B; D016572:Cyclosporine; C104066:ER 30346; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus