title: Utility of spinal MRI in children with anorectal malformation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between spinal cord anomalies and imperforate anus is well recognized. Until now, the incidence of tethered cord has been assumed to be higher in patients with high-type imperforate anus. However, recent reports suggest that tethered cord is as common in patients with a low lesion as in those with a high lesion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the incidence of spinal cord anomalies in those with a low lesion and those with a high (including intermediate) anorectal malformation (ARM), and to determine the best diagnostic imaging strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 50 consecutive patients with postoperative ARM and in whom spinal MRI had been performed were identified retrospectively. We reviewed and compared the following factors between those with a high lesion and those with a low lesion: (1) clinical symptoms, (2) spinal cord anomalies, and (3) vertebral anomalies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of spinal cord anomalies was no different between those with a high lesion and those with a low lesion, and spinal cord anomalies were present regardless of the presence of vertebral anomalies or symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Owing to the high incidence of spinal cord anomalies in patients with imperforate anus, MRI is the best imaging tool for detecting such anomalies regardless of the level of the lesion.
authors.affiliation: Radiology, National Centre for Child Health and Development, 2-12-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. miyasaka-m@ncchd.go.jp
authors.forename: Mikiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nosaka
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueoka
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Toshiroh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult