title: Microform cleft lip repair with intraoral muscle interdigitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With a microform (forme fruste) cleft lip, obtaining an optimal functional and esthetic result is a challenge to a reconstructive surgeon. We describe modifications to existing techniques by Mulliken, Furlow, and Cutting that provides an optimal functional result with correction of the cleft furrow, vermillion notch, and cleft nose deformity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequential unilateral microform cleft lip patients underwent our microform cleft lip repair modified from the following 3 techniques: the Mulliken microform cleft lip repair with no cutaneous scar, the Furlow complete cleft lip repair with interdigitating muscle, and the Cutting cleft nose repair (n = 12). From follow-up (1 year) examinations, photographs (and 3-dimensional images), and video, 3 reviewers scored esthetic and functional outcomes using a 0 to 4-point scale. In addition, parental surveys were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For our microform cleft lip repair, there were no infections, bleeding, or other complications. Esthetic outcome score, evaluating the cutaneous scar, symmetry of philtral columns, alignment of lip line and vermillion border, and nasal tip symmetry was a mean of 3.7 (+/-0.3). Thus, the reviewers' scored the cleft lip and nose repair as "Very Good" (minor cleft lip/nose deformity but no need for revision) to "Excellent" (Imperceptible cleft lip or nose deformity). The functional outcome score, based on the ability to smile, pucker their lips, and whistle, was a mean of 3.8 (+/-0.2). The parental survey, including postoperative course, functional, and cosmetic outcome, demonstrated a high level of satisfaction with a score of 3.9 (+/-0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified microform cleft lip and nose technique provided very good to excellent esthetic and functional results in a series of patients with this rare deformity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6960, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Desrosiers
authors.forename: Henry K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Hurig V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Katchikian
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jarrahy
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000601:surgery*; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps