title: Adverse childhood exposures and reported child health at age 12.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationship between adverse childhood exposures and poor health, illness, and somatic complaints at age 12 was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  LONGSCAN (Consortium for Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect) tracks a group of children with variable risk for maltreatment. Of the participating child-caregiver dyads, 805 completed an interview when the child was age 4 or age 6, as well as interviews at age 8 and 12. The relationships between 8 categories of childhood adversity (psychological maltreatment, physical abuse, sexual abuse, child neglect, caregiver's substance/alcohol use, caregiver's depressive symptoms, caregiver's being treated violently, and criminal behavior in the household) and child health at age 12 were analyzed. The impact of adversity in the first 6 years of life and adversity in the second 6 years of life on child health were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 10% of the children had experienced no adversity, while more than 20% had experienced 5 or more types of childhood adversity. At age 12, 37% of the children sampled had some health complaint. Exposure to 5 or more adversities, particularly exposure in the second 6 years of life, was significantly associated with increased risks of any health complaint (odds ratio [OR] 2.24, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02-4.96), an illness requiring a doctor (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.02-15.1), and caregivers' reports of child's somatic complaints (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.14-1.0). There was no association between adverse exposures and self-rated poor health or self-rated somatic complaints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comprehensive assessment of children's health should include a careful history of their past exposure to adverse conditions and maltreatment. Interventions aimed at reducing these exposures may result in better child health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Hospital, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 16, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA. e-flaherty@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Emalee G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Litrownik
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Zolotor
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dubowitz
authors.forename: Desmond K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Runyan
authors.forename: Diana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Everson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002669:Child Welfare; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011336:Probability; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity