title: 3-year follow-up of the SISR (Sirolimus-Eluting Stents Versus Vascular Brachytherapy for In-Stent Restenosis) trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term outcome of patients treated for in-stent restenosis of bare-metal stents (BMS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Treatment of restenosis of BMS is characterized by high recurrence rates. Vascular brachytherapy (VBT) improved outcome although late catch-up events were documented. Drug-eluting stents tested against VBT in this setting were found superior for at least the first year; superiority at longer follow-up is uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 3-year outcome of the multicenter SISR (Sirolimus-Eluting Stents Versus Vascular Brachytherapy for In-Stent Restenosis) trial, which randomized patients with restenosis of BMS to either a sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) or VBT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Target vessel failure (cardiac death, infarction, or target vessel revascularization [TVR]) at 9 months as previously reported was significantly improved with SES. Kaplan-Meier analysis at 3 years documented that survival free from target lesion revascularization (TLR) and TVR continues to be significantly improved with SES: freedom from TLR 81.0% versus 71.6% (log-rank p = 0.018), and TVR 78.2% versus 68.8% (log-rank p = 0.022), SES versus VBT. At 3 years, target vessel failure and major adverse cardiac events (death, infarction, emergency coronary artery bypass grafting, or repeat TLR) remained improved with SES, but did not reach statistical significance. There was no statistically significant difference in definite or probable stent thrombosis (3.5% for SES, 2.4% for VBT; p = 0.758).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 3 years of follow-up, after treatment of in-stent restenosis of BMS, patients treated with SES have improved survival free of TLR and TVR compared with patients treated with VBT. Stent thrombosis rates are not different between the 2 groups but are higher than reported in trials of treatment of de novo lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. holmes.david@mayo.edu
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Teirstein
authors.forename: Lowell
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Satler
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sketch
authors.forename: Jeffery J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Popma
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mauri
authors.forename: Hong Patrick
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schleckser
authors.forename: Sidney A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008670:Metals; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015607:Stents; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D008670:Metals; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D020123:Sirolimus