title: Review article: importance of the kidney proximal tubular  cells in thiazolidinedione-mediated sodium and water uptake.
abstract: Thiazolidinediones (TZD) such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are proxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) agonists and are widely used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fluid retention still poses a significant limitation to its use. The primary renal process underlying TZD-associated oedema is reduced urinary sodium and water excretion. Experimental evidence suggests that this is mainly related to the effects of PPARg agonists on the distal nephron and collecting duct. We have recently shown that PPARg agonists upregulate sodium and water transport channels in human proximal tubule cells and that Sgk-1 is involved. In this review, we focus on the importance of the proximal tubular cells in TZD-mediated sodium and water uptake.
authors.affiliation: Renal Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Panchapakesan
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000502:physiology; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074083:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000502:physiology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases
chemical_list: D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D012964:Sodium; D000074083:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases