title: Bevacizumab application delays epithelial healing in rabbit cornea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential for neovascularization, but the use of anti-VEGF therapies to inhibit neovascularization may influence epithelial wound healing. Here, the effects of bevacizumab on corneal epithelial wound healing time in rabbit models, cell proliferation, and expression of integrins in human corneal epithelial and fibroblast cells were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  To compare epithelial wound healing times, epithelial defect sizes were measured after application of bevacizumab topical eye drops at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, or 5 mg/mL, twice daily, to mechanically debrided epithelia of rabbit corneas. The cellular covering of wounded areas and expression of Ki67 were assessed after scrape injuries in cultures of human corneal epithelial and fibroblast cells. Expression of cell surface integrins and collagens was measured using plates coated with mouse monoclonal antibodies against human adhesion molecules, and relevant mRNA levels were assessed by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The application of bevacizumab topical eye drops at 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, or 5 mg/mL delayed rabbit corneal epithelial healing. Cell cultures growing under high concentrations of bevacizumab showed delay in the proliferation of corneal epithelial and fibroblast cells. Surface expression of mRNA encoding integrins and collagens were decreased by 1.5 mg/mL of bevacizumab.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bevacizumab delayed corneal epithelial wound healing and inhibited integrin expression. When bevacizumab is used to reduce the development of new corneal vessels, slight delays in epithelial wound healing are possible and cellular proliferation is to be expected.
authors.affiliation: Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-im
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Lim
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jin Pyo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Kyung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Kyoung Yul
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Eung Kweon
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003646:Debridement; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D039641:Integrin beta Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D024042:Collagen Type I; D024141:Collagen Type IV; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains; D039641:Integrin beta Chains; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab