title: Combination of taxol and Bcl-2 siRNA induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells and inhibits invasion, angiogenesis and tumour growth.
abstract: Taxol is a powerful chemotherapeutic agent that binds to microtubules to prevent tumour cell division. However, a traditional high dose of taxol may also induce apoptosis in normal cells. The anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 is up-regulated in tumour cells to prevent apoptosis. We designed this study to determine whether use of a low dose of taxol and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene silencing would effectively induce apoptosis in human glioblastoma U251MG cells and also inhibit invasion, angiogenesis and intracranial as well as subcutaneous tumour growth. We treated the cells with either 100 nM taxol or transfected with a plasmid vector expressing Bcl-2 siRNA or both agents together for 72 h. Knockdown of Bcl-2 potentiated efficacy of taxol for cell death. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, double immunofluorescent staining and TUNEL assay demonstrated apoptosis in about 70% of the cells after treatment with the combination of taxol and Bcl-2 siRNA. In vitro Matrigel invasion assay demonstrated dramatic decrease in glioblastoma cell invasion and in vivo angiogenesis assay showed complete inhibition of neovascularization in athymic nude mice after treatment with the combination. Further, treatment with the combination of taxol and Bcl-2 siRNA caused suppression of intracranial tumour growth and subcutaneous solid tumour development. In conclusion, our results indicate that the combination of taxol and Bcl-2 siRNA effectively induces apoptosis and inhibits glioblastoma cell invasion, angiogenesis and intracranial as well as subcutaneous tumour growth. Therefore, the combination of a low dose of taxol and Bcl-2 siRNA is a promising therapeutic strategy for controlling the aggressive growth of human glioblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Naren L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Banik
authors.forename: Swapan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism*; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D017239:Paclitaxel