Therapeutic targets in malignant glioblastoma microenvironment.
There is considerable evidence that the tissue microenvironment can suppress cancer and that microenvironment disruption is required for cancer growth and progression. Distortion of the microenvironment by tumor cells can promote growth, recruit nonmalignant cells that provide physiological resources, and facilitate invasion. Compared with the variable routes taken by cells to become cancers, the response of normal tissue to cancer is relatively consistent such that controlling cancer may be more readily achieved indirectly via the microenvironment. Here, we discuss 3 ideas about how the microenvironment, consisting of a vasculature, inflammatory cells, immune cells, growth factors, and extracellular matrix, might provide therapeutic targets in glioblastoma (GBM) in the context of radiotherapy (RT): (1) viable therapeutic targets exist in the GBM microenvironment, (2) RT alters the microenvironment of tissues and tumors; and (3) a potential benefit may be achieved by targeting the microenvironments induced by RT.
Barcellos-Hoff
Mary Helen
MH
Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University, Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. mhbarcelloshoff@nyumc.org
Newcomb
Elizabeth W
EW
Zagzag
David
D
Narayana
Ashwatha
A
D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology
D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta