title: Effects of valproic acid on sleep in children with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parents frequently report increased sleep duration in their children during treatment with valproic acid (VPA). We assessed sleep duration and sleep behavior before and after tapering VPA in children treated for more than 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep variables were assessed by questionnaire, diary, and actigraphy (for 7 consecutive days and nights) before and 8-12 weeks after termination of VPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six children (age range 1.7-17.4 years) completed the study. The questionnaire data showed no significant difference in bed and wake time, duration of sleep, and time to fall asleep before and after ending VPA treatment, although some qualitative measures on daytime sleepiness improved after tapering VPA. The actigraphy data revealed that the average sleep amount without VPA was reduced in 33 children (9 of them >30 min) and longer in 13 children (1 of them >30 min). The mean Assumed Sleep Time per Day decreased by 15.2 min or 9.5 min when the physiologic decrease of sleep duration within 0.3 years was considered. Also mean Actual Sleep Time per Day was significantly reduced after VPA termination (-15.2 min; after correction -10.7 min). The reduction was only significant in children older than age 6 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Termination of VPA after long-term treatment leads to a significant reduction of sleep duration in children older than 6 years of age. The change was small in the majority, but considerable in a subgroup of children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. bernhard.schmitt@kispi.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Critelli
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.forename: Oskar G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Jenni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014635:Valproic Acid