Smoking in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: interaction between 15q13 nicotinic genes and Temperament Character Inventory scores.
Adults with ADHD smoke cigarettes at a higher rate than normal subjects. Nicotine has been shown to significantly improve clinical ADHD symptoms as measured by the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) as well as by measures of attention, vigour and arousal in ADHD subjects. In this study we hypothesized that the allele 113bp in D15S1360 marker at CHRNA7 and the 2 bp deletion allele at CHRFAM7A are associated with increased smoking in a sample of 90 DSM-IV patients affected by Adult ADHD. Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores were included as covariates in the analysis to distinguish the contribution of personality traits from the contribution of the nicotinic genes under investigation. Smoking status was determined from the medical history questionnaire, and there were 35 current smokers and 55 non-smokers. Single marker associations and the CHRNA7-CHRFAM7A interaction were calculated by logistic regression, considering the 113 bp and the -2 bp deletion in a dominant model. No association of these genes with smoking was observed. Similarly, no significant interaction between the genes was observed in the logistic model. However, Persistence score of the TCI was significantly associated with smoking status. Further investigation on the hypothesis of the molecular interaction between CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A genes is warranted.
Manchia
Mirko
M
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Viggiano
Emanuela
E
Tiwari
Arun K
AK
Renou
Julien
J
Jain
Umesh
U
De Luca
Vincenzo
V
Kennedy
James L
JL
D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001143:Arousal; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D013694:Temperament; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
C579167:Chrna7 protein, human; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor