title: Pediatric craniospinal axis irradiation with helical tomotherapy: patient outcome and lack of acute pulmonary toxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the patient outcomes and risk of symptomatic acute radiation pneumonitis (ARP) in 18 pediatric patients treated with helical tomotherapy to their craniospinal axis for a variety of neoplasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 18 patients received craniospinal axis irradiation with helical tomotherapy. The median age was 12 years (range, 2.5-21). The follow-up range was 3-48 months (median, 16.5). Of the 18 patients, 15 received chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or concomitant setting. Chemotherapy was tailored to the particular histologic diagnosis; 10 of 18 patients underwent surgical removal of the gross primary tumor. The patients were followed and evaluated for ARP starting at 3-6 months after completion of craniospinal axis irradiation. ARP was graded using the Common Toxicity Criteria, version 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the last follow-up visit, 14, 2, and 2 patients were alive without disease, alive with disease, and dead of disease, respectively. The cause-specific survival rate was 89% (16 of 18), disease-free survival rate was 78% (14 of 18), and overall survival rate was 89% (16 of 18). No patient had treatment failure at the cribriform plate. No patient developed symptoms of ARP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Craniospinal axis irradiation using helical tomotherapy yielded encouraging patient outcomes and acute toxicity profiles. Although large volumes of the lung received low radiation doses, no patient developed symptoms of ARP during the follow-up period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine, Little Rock, AK 72205, USA. penagaricanojosea@uams.edu
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peñagarícano
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moros
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corry
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saylors
authors.forename: Vaneerat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ratanatharathorn
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017564:Radiation Pneumonitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult