(S)-1-(alpha-naphthylmethyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (CKD712) reduces rat myocardial apoptosis against ischemia and reperfusion injury by activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling and anti-inflammatory action in vivo.
We examined our hypothesis that (S)-1-(alpha-naphthylmethyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (CKD712) inhibits apoptosis in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo via activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and by reducing inflammation during I/R. To do this, we induced a 30-min period of ischemia by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery of the rat followed by a 2-h (for phosphorylation of Akt), 6-h (for biochemical analysis), or 24-h (for functional analysis) period of reperfusion to determine the effect of CKD712 treatment. Pretreatment with CKD712 significantly improved myocardial function as evidenced by an increase in the +/-dP/dt and a decrease in the infarct size, which were antagonized by a PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin (WT). Interestingly, CKD712 increased the phosphorylation of Akt and cAMP-response element-binding protein and increased the expression of the Bcl-2 gene, but it reduced the expression of the Bax gene. CKD712 decreased not only the expression but also the activity of the caspase-3 protein in the myocardium after reperfusion. Thus, all of the antiapoptotic effects of CKD712 were significantly inhibited by WT. Furthermore, the antiapoptotic effects of CKD712 and its inhibition by WT in myocardium after reperfusion were confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling staining. Finally, CKD712 was found to reduce the serum levels of the high-mobility group box 1 protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and the cardiac troponin I protein in addition to tissue levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity in I/R hearts. Taken together, both the activation of PI3K/Akt and its anti-inflammatory action prevent apoptosis in myocardial I/R injury by CKD712.
Jin
Yong Chun
YC
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Korea.
Lee
Young Soo
YS
Kim
Young Min
YM
Seo
Han Geuk
HG
Lee
Jae Heun
JH
Kim
Hye Jung
HJ
Yun-Choi
Hye Sook
HS
Chang
Ki Churl
KC
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines; C090309:YS 49; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt