title: MRI characteristics are predictive for CDMS in monofocal, but not in multifocal patients with a clinically isolated syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS), evidence for dissemination in space and time is required. There is no clear definition on how symptoms and signs of a patient indicate clinical dissemination in space. To provide a uniform approach on this subject, a clinical classification system was described recently differentiating patients with mono- and multifocal clinical presentation. Here we assess the predictive value of clinically defined dissemination in space at first presentation for time to clinically definite MS (CDMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and sixty-eight patients with a first episode suggestive of MS were classified as clinically mono- or multifocal by two neurologists blinded to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. These patients were part of the BENEFIT study in which 292 patients were randomized to interferon beta-1b (IFNB-1b) and 176 to placebo. By using Kaplan-Meier statistics the risk for CDMS was studied in mono- and multifocal patients of the placebo group, both with and without taking into account MRI measures of potential prognostic relevance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time to CDMS was similar in monofocal and multifocal patients. In monofocal patients, the risk for CDMS over 2 years was significantly higher when >or= 9 T2 lesions or at least one Gd-enhancing lesion were present at the first event or 3 or 6 months after the first event. In patients with multifocal presentation, these MRI measures had no significant added value in predicting time to CDMS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that a carefully performed neurological assessment of symptoms and signs, combined with lesions on MRI, is important for defining the risk of conversion to CDMS.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The Benefit trial has been registered under NCT00185211 http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.
authors.affiliation: MS Center, Department of Neurology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. jm.nielsen@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Jessica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: Chris H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Polman
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhof
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Edan
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sandbrink
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kappos
authors.forename: Bernard M J
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Uitdehaag
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta