title: Whole pelvic radiotherapy versus prostate only radiotherapy in the management of locally advanced or aggressive prostate adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) or prostate-only radiotherapy (PORT) yields improved biochemical disease-free survival (BDFS) in patients with advanced or aggressive prostate adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2000 and 2007, a consecutive sample of 277 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and at least a 15% likelihood of lymph node involvement who had undergone WPRT (n = 68) or PORT (n = 209) at two referral centers was analyzed. The median radiation dose in both arms was 75.6 Gy. The outcome measure was BDFS, as determined using the prostate-specific antigen nadir + 2 ng/mL definition of failure. BDFS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. A multivariate analysis was performed to assess for confounding. Treatment-related toxicity was assessed using the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events guidelines. The median follow-up was 30 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  WPRT patients had more advanced and aggressive disease at baseline (p < .001). The 4-year BDFS rate was 69.4% in the PORT cohort and 86.3% in the WPRT cohort (p = .02). Within the entire cohort, after adjustment for confounding variables, the pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (p < .001), Gleason score (p < .001), use of hormonal therapy (p = .002), and use of WPRT (vs. PORT, p = .006) predicted for BDFS. Patients undergoing WPRT had increased acute gastrointestinal toxicity (p = .048), but no significant difference in acute genitourinary toxicity was seen (p = .09). No difference in late toxicity was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WPRT may yield improved BDFS in patients with advanced or aggressive prostate adenocarcinoma, but results in a greater incidence of acute toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Ayal.Aizer@yale.edu
authors.forename: Ayal A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aizer
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McKeon
authors.forename: Roy H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Colberg
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Peschel
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D015182:Lymphatic Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010388:Pelvis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen