title: Preoperative chemotherapy versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy for stage III (N2) non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare preoperative chemotherapy (ChT) and preoperative chemoradiotherapy (ChT-RT) in operable Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study analyzed all patients with pathologically confirmed Stage III (N2) non-small-cell lung cancer who initiated preoperative ChT or ChT-RT at Duke University between 1995 and 2006. Mediastinal pathologic complete response (pCR) rates were compared using a chi-square test. The actuarial overall survival, disease-free survival, and local control were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 101 patients who initiated preoperative therapy with planned resection were identified. The median follow-up was 20 months for all patients and 38 months for survivors. The mediastinal lymph nodes were reassessed after preoperative therapy in 88 patients (87%). Within this group, a mediastinal pCR was achieved in 35% after preoperative ChT vs. 65% after preoperative ChT-RT (p = 0.01). Resection was performed in 69% after ChT and 84% after ChT-RT (p = 0.1). For all patients, the overall survival, disease-free survival, and local control rate at 3 years was 40%, 27%, and 66%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in the clinical endpoints between the ChT and ChT-RT subgroups. On multivariate analysis, a mediastinal pCR was associated with improved disease-free survival (p = 0.03) and local control (p = 0.03), but not overall survival (p = 0.86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative ChT-RT was associated with higher mediastinal pCR rates but not improved survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University of Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. kristin.higgins@duke.edu
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Junzo P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chino
authors.forename: Lawrence B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ready
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Clough
authors.forename: Chris R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kelsey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009657:North Carolina; D057234:Preoperative Period; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis