title: How do pregnancy outcomes differ in teenage mothers? A Western Australian study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether teenage pregnancy and Indigenous status are associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional descriptive analysis of nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies who delivered at the sole tertiary obstetric hospital in Western Australia between June 2004 and September 2006, using data obtained from computerised midwifery records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal risk factors, pregnancy characteristics, and obstetric and perinatal outcomes for teenage and adult pregnancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 4896 births reviewed, 560 (11%) were to teenage mothers. Teenagers were more likely to be Indigenous and to experience maternal risk factors such as anaemia and smoking. Indigenous women were more likely than non-Indigenous women to be smokers, with young Indigenous teenagers (aged 12-16 years) being most likely to smoke (odds ratio [OR], 6.29; 95% CI, 3.99-9.92). Perinatal outcomes for teenage and adult births were similar, while adjustment for smoking and Indigenous status changed the observed association for the Indigenous population of preterm delivery < 37 weeks' gestation (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.01-1.71), admission to special care nursery (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.10-1.81) and low birthweight (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10-1.87). However, older teenagers (aged 17-18 years) were the group at highest risk of stillbirth (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.03-3.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results improve our understanding of the obstetric and medical issues associated with teenage pregnancy and birth in WA and how we might tailor our approach to care. Indigenous teenagers need special attention, and there is significant scope for public health interventions around anaemia and smoking in this population.
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. llewis@obsgyn.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Lucy N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: Dorota A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: S Rachel
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Skinner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008423:Maternal Age; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000208:ethnology*; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000208:ethnology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology*; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult