title: Peak flow rate is the best predictor of acute urinary retention following prostate brachytherapy: our experience and literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We prospectively investigated risk factors for acute urinary retention (AUR) following transperineal radioactive seed implantation for prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 273 consecutive patients underwent transperineal ultrasound-guided prostate brachytherapy for clinical T1c-T3b prostate cancer. Preoperative factors included age; International Prostate Symptom score; planimetric prostate and transition volumes (TZV) measured by transrectal ultrasound; peak flow rate; post-void residual urine; neoadjuvant hormone therapy; use of pelvic radiation; and T stage. Intra- and postoperative factors included the number of seeds and needles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients (3.6%) showed AUR requiring catheterization. Among preoperative factors, age, International Prostate Symptom score, planimetric prostate volume, planimetric prostate volume and radiation therapy (RT) were not significantly correlated with AUR. PFR (P = 0.012) and PVR (P = 0.020) of patients having AUR were significantly higher than those not having AUR. Mean TZV was also significantly higher (P = 0.038) in the AUR group univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that PFR is the only independent predictor of AUR (P = 0.030).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On univariate analysis, PFR, PVR and TZV were found to be statistically significant predictors of AUR following seed implantation. According to multivariate analysis, only PFR was confirmed to be a significant predictor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. iketetsu@m.ehime-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Katsuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinohara
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology*