title: In mice lacking V2a interneurons, gait depends on speed of locomotion.
abstract: Many animals are capable of changing gait with speed of locomotion. The neural basis of gait control and its dependence on speed are not fully understood. Mice normally use a single "trotting" gait while running at all speeds, either over ground or on a treadmill. Transgenic mouse mutants in which the trotting is replaced by hopping also lack a speed-dependent change in gait. Here we describe a transgenic mouse model in which the V2a interneurons have been ablated by targeted expression of diphtheria toxin A chain (DTA) under the control of the Chx10 gene promoter (Chx10::DTA mice). Chx10::DTA mice show normal trotting gait at slow speeds but transition to a galloping gait as speed increases. Although left-right limb coordination is altered in Chx10::DTA mice at fast speed, alternation of forelegs and hindlegs and the relative duration of swing and stance phases for individual limbs is unchanged compared with wild-type mice. The speed-dependent loss of left-right alternation is recapitulated during drug-induced fictive locomotion in spinal cords isolated from neonatal Chx10::DTA mice, and high-speed fictive locomotion evoked by caudal spinal cord stimulation also shows synchronous left-right bursting. These results show that spinal V2a interneurons are required for maintaining left-right alternation at high speeds. Whether animals that generate galloping or hopping gaits, characterized by synchronous movement of left and right forelegs and hindlegs, have lost or modified the function of V2a interneurons is an intriguing question.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Crone
authors.forename: Guisheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harris-Warrick
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000235:genetics; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000235:genetics; D005080:Exercise Test; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D005684:Gait / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007395:Interneurons / Q000502:physiology*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494748:Gata3 protein, mouse; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014157:Transcription Factors; C088975:Vsx2 protein, mouse; C029795:diphtheria toxin fragment A; D012701:Serotonin; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D002802:Cholinesterases