title: Boys will be boys; cows will be cows: children's essentialist reasoning about gender categories and animal species.
abstract: Two studies (N = 456) compared the development of concepts of animal species and human gender, using a switched-at-birth reasoning task. Younger children (5- and 6-year-olds) treated animal species and human gender as equivalent; they made similar levels of category-based inferences and endorsed similar explanations for development in these 2 domains. In contrast, 10-year-olds and adults treated gender and species concepts as distinct from one another. They viewed gender-linked behavioral properties as open to environmental influence and endorsed environment-based mechanisms to explain gender development. At all ages, children demonstrated differentiated reasoning about physical and behavioral properties, although this differentiation became more stable with age. The role of psychological essentialism in guiding conceptual development is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA 98447-0003, USA. taylormg@plu.edu
authors.forename: Marianne G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gelman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D003210:Concept Formation; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009626:Terminology as Topic