[Cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease: from treatment to promoting health].
Chronic kidney disease is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes and should be screened for in all patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus using estimate of glomerular filtration rate and a random urine albumin-to creatinine ratio. Strategies to identify and prevent chronic kidney disease must be part of a comprehensive program of disease prevention, that include evaluation of tobacco use, diet and exercise patterns, body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose and patient-appropriate cancer screening. The global increase in patients with chronic kidney disease is threatening to reach epidemic proportions over the next decade, and few countries will be able to meet the economic challenges posed. A change in global approach from treatment of renal failure to aggressive primary and secondary prevention is essential. We propose that the United Nations Millennium Developments Goals for 2000-2015 should be expanded to include combatting infectious diseases as well as chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, renal disease and cancer, using an integrated approach.
van der Zee
S
S
The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Fuster
V
V
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology