title: Endothelin-1 as a predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A considerable rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence is one of the major limitations of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Although endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in atrial remodeling, it is unknown whether plasma ET-1 level before PVI can be used as a predictive factor for AF recurrence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to clarify whether the plasma ET-1 level, before PVI, can be used as a predictive factor for AF recurrence after PVI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients without structural heart disease who underwent PVI for symptomatic and drug-refractory paroxysmal/persistent AF were included in the study. Neurohumoral factors were measured, and transthoracic echocardiography was performed before and 6 months after each PVI. Mean left atrial (LA) pressure and arterial blood pressure (BP) were evaluated just before PVI. AF recurrence was detected by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter ECG, and event ECG monitor recordings, 3 to 6 months after PVI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among plasma levels of ET-1, atrial and brain natriuretic peptides, renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone before PVI, only ET-1 was significantly higher in the recurrence group compared with the nonrecurrence group (2.15 +/- 0.51 vs. 1.65 +/- 0.35 pg/ml, P < .001). Both mean LA pressure and diastolic BP in the recurrence group were significantly higher than in the nonrecurrence group (mean LA pressure, 10 +/- 3 vs. 8 +/- 3 mm Hg, P < .01; diastolic BP, 82 +/- 11 vs. 71 +/- 12 mm Hg, P < .01). The plasma ET-1 level and mean LA pressure were correlative. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that higher levels of plasma ET-1 and diastolic BP were significant prognostic predictors of AF recurrence 3 to 6 months after PVI (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the plasma ET-1 level before PVI could be a crucial predictor of AF recurrence 3 to 6 months after PVI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ashihara
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutamoto
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011667:Pulmonary Veins; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019332:Endothelin-1