title: Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with blood pressure in predominantly 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficient Hispanic and African Americans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several observational studies have recently suggested an inverse association of circulating levels of vitamin D with blood pressure. These findings have been based mainly on Caucasian populations; whether this association also exists among Hispanic and African Americans has yet to be definitively determined. This study investigates the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) with blood pressure in Hispanic and African Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data source for this study is the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS), which consists of Hispanic- and African-American families from three US recruitment centers (n =1,334). A variance components model was used to analyze the association of plasma 25[OH]D levels with blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An inverse association was found between 25[OH]D and both systolic (beta for 10 ng/ml difference = -2.05; P < 0.01) and diastolic (beta for 10 ng/ml difference = -1.35; P < 0.001) blood pressure in all populations combined, after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and season of blood draw. Further adjustment for body mass index (BMI) weakened this association (beta for 10 ng/ml difference = -0.94; P = 0.14 and beta for 10 ng/ml difference = -0.64; P = 0.09, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  25[OH]D levels are significantly inversely associated with blood pressure in Hispanic and African Americans from the IRASFS. However, this association was not significant after adjustment for BMI. Further research is needed to determine the role of BMI in this association. Large, well-designed prospective studies of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Halcyon G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Leonelo E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.forename: Tasha E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Fingerlin
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Langefeld
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haffner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bryer-Ash
authors.forename: Lynne E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wagenknecht
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Corinne D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Engelman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D012424:Rural Population; D012621:Seasons; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D