title: Formulation of nanoparticle-eluting stents by a cationic electrodeposition coating technology: efficient nano-drug delivery via bioabsorbable polymeric nanoparticle-eluting stents in porcine coronary arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to formulate a nanoparticle (NP)-eluting drug delivery stent system by a cationic electrodeposition coating technology.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems (DDS) are poised to transform the development of innovative therapeutic devices. Therefore, we hypothesized that a bioabsorbable polymeric NP-eluting stent provides an efficient DDS that shows better and more prolonged delivery compared with dip-coating stent.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prepared cationic NP encapsulated with a fluorescence marker (FITC) by emulsion solvent diffusion method, succeeded to formulate an NP-eluting stent with a novel cation electrodeposition coating technology, and compared the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the FITC-loaded NP-eluting stent with dip-coated FITC-eluting stent and bare metal stent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NP was taken up stably and efficiently by cultured vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. In a porcine coronary artery model in vivo, substantial FITC fluorescence was observed in neointimal and medial layers of the stented segments that had received the FITC-NP-eluting stent until 4 weeks. In contrast, no substantial FITC fluorescence was observed in the segments from the polymer-based FITC-eluting stent or from bare metal stent. The magnitudes of stent-induced injury, inflammation, endothelial recovery, and neointima formation were comparable between bare metal stent and NP-eluting stent groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, this NP-eluting stent is an efficient NP-mediated DDS that holds as an innovative platform for the delivery of less invasive nano-devices targeting cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egashira
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Kouta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Funakoshi
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matoba
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sueishi
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunagawa
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000818:Animals; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D002412:Cations; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D023421:Models, Animal; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013193:Stainless Steel; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D002412:Cations; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013193:Stainless Steel; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate