title: Prometryne-induced oxidative stress and impact on antioxidant enzymes in wheat.
abstract: Prometryne is one of the herbicides widely used for controlling weed/grass in agricultural practice. However, whether it has an adverse effect on crops is unknown. In this study, we investigated prometryne-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Wheat plants were grown in soils with prometryne at 0-24 mgkg(-1) soil. The growth of wheat treated with prometryne was inhibited. Chlorophyll content significantly decreased even at the low level of prometryne (4 mgkg(-1) soil). Accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an indicator of cellular peroxidation, increased, suggesting oxidative damage to the plants. The prometryne-induced oxidative stress triggered significant changes in activities of a variety of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Activities of the enzymes showed a general increase at low prometryne concentrations but a decrease at high levels. Analysis of non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) confirmed the results. To get an insight into the molecular response, a qRT-PCR-based assay was performed to analyze the transcript abundance of Cu/Zn-SOD and GST with prometryne exposure. Our analysis revealed that both genes displayed up-regulated expression patterns similar to the activities of the two enzymes. These data imply that prometryne-induced oxidative stress was responsible for the disturbance of the growth and antioxidant defensive systems in wheat plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Outside the Zhongshan Men, Building of Chemistry, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D011400:Prometryne / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006540:Herbicides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002734:Chlorophyll; D011400:Prometryne; D010544:Peroxidases; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase