title: Intraoperative fluoroscopy-guided removal of orbital foreign bodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy as an aid in the removal of radio-opaque orbital foreign bodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective interventional case series of 12 patients with orbital foreign bodies that required removal for various indications. All patients underwent orbitotomy and removal of the foreign bodies with the aid of real-time intraoperative fluoroscopic localization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The orbital foreign body was successfully removed without complication in all 12 patients. One patient with ethmoid sinusitis preoperatively had resolution of the infection after surgery. Two patients with extraocular motility deficits preoperatively experienced significant improvement in motility after surgery. Three patients who required MRI studies for unrelated conditions were able to undergo scanning postoperatively without complications. Two patients were combat casualties treated by US medical personnel during Operation Iraqi Freedom. There were no cases of visual or ocular morbidity directly attributable to foreign body removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative fluoroscopy is a valuable tool that can aid in the removal of radio-opaque orbital foreign bodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Alon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahana
authors.forename: Bhupendra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sivak-Callcott
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Buerger
authors.forename: Vikram D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Durairaj
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vidor
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mawn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome