title: Allergic reaction induced by dermal and/or respiratory exposure to low-dose phenoxyacetic acid, organophosphorus, and carbamate pesticides.
abstract: Several types of pesticides, such as organophosphates, phenoxyacetic acid, and carbamate have a high risk of affecting human health, causing allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma-like diseases. We used our long-term sensitization method and a local lymph node assay to examine the allergic reactions caused by several types of pesticides. BALB/c mice were topically sensitized (9 times in 3 weeks), then challenged dermally or intratracheally with 2,4-D, BRP, or furathiocarb. One day post-challenge, the mice were processed to obtain biologic materials for use in assays of total IgE levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); differential cell counts and chemokine levels in BALF; lymphocyte counts and surface antigen expression on B-cells within regional lymph nodes (LNs); and, ex situ cytokine production by cells from these LNs. 2,4-D-induced immune responses characteristic of immediate-type respiratory reactions, as evidenced by increased total IgE levels in both serum and BALF; an influx of eosinophils, neutrophils, and chemokines (MCP-1, eotaxin, and MIP-1beta) in BALF; increased surface antigen expression on B-cells IgE and MHC class II production) in both auricular and the lung-associated LNs; and increased Th2 cytokine production (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) in both auricular and the lung-associated LN cells. In contrast, BRP and furathiocarb treatment yielded, at most, non-significant increases in all respiratory allergic parameters. BRP and furathiocarb induced marked proliferation of MHC Class II-positive B-cells and Th1 cytokines (IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma) in only auricular LN cells. These results suggest that 2,4-D is a respiratory allergen and BRP and furathiocarb are contact allergens. As our protocol detected classified allergic responses to low-molecular-weight chemicals, it thus may be useful for detecting environmental chemical-related allergy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan. fukuyama@iet.or.jp
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shutoh
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosaka
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002219:Carbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D023441:Local Lymph Node Assay; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D001572:Benzofurans; D002219:Carbamates; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; C052300:deltanit