title: Diagnosis of paediatric anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: a historical perspective from a single institution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an infrequent childhood malignancy whose diagnosis and treatment have largely evolved since its initial description in 1985.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed our experience in the field, and report here a single institution experience focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic milestones achieved as novel tools have been developed. This is a series of 9 children diagnosed from 1987 to 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our first patient was diagnosed shortly alter this entity was described based on morphology and Ki-1 positivity, while the diagnostic work-up for the last two children included accurate molecular diagnosis for ALK-NPM rearrangement. Despite a wide variety of multimodal therapies used over time, only one patient died of toxicity during progression and another child relapsed and survived alter an autograft. After 156 months of median follow-up (range 4-245), 8 out of 9 children are alive, free of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our series exemplifies the long journey travelled from the definition of a new entity only 20 years ago to the molecular characterization not only with diagnostic but also therapeutic purposes. Besides this, significant efforts are being made to recruit all European patients into a multinational collaborative trial in order to start drawing major evidence-based conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garzón
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández Navarro
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: András
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verdeguer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017728:Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome