title: Turning it upside down: areas of preserved cognitive function in schizophrenia.
abstract: Patients with schizophrenia demonstrate marked impairments on most clinical neuropsychological tests. These findings suggest that patients suffer from a generalized form of cognitive impairment, with little evidence of spared performance documented in several large meta-analytic reviews of the clinical literature. In contrast, we review evidence for relative sparing of aspects of attention, procedural memory, and emotional processing observed in studies that have employed experimental approaches adapted from the cognitive and affective neuroscience literature. These islands of preserved performance suggest that the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are not as general as they appear to be when assayed with clinical neuropsychological methods. The apparent contradiction in findings across methods may offer important clues about the nature of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. The documentation of preserved cognitive function in schizophrenia may serve to sharpen hypotheses about the biological mechanisms that are implicated in the illness.
authors.affiliation: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, PO Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA. jgold@mprc.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Waltz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders; D004644:Emotions; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008568:Memory; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology