Cylindrospermopsin induces alterations of root histology and microtubule organization in common reed (Phragmites australis) plantlets cultured in vitro.
We aimed to study the histological and cytological alterations induced by cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a protein synthesis inhibitory cyanotoxin in roots of common reed (Phragmites australis). Reed is an ecologically important emergent aquatic macrophyte, a model for studying cyanotoxin effects. We analyzed the histology and cytology of reed roots originated from tissue cultures and treated with 0.5-40 microg ml(-1) (1.2-96.4 microM) CYN. The cyanotoxin decreased root elongation at significantly lower concentrations than the elongation of shoots. As general stress responses of plants to phytotoxins, CYN increased root number and induced the formation of a callus-like tissue and necrosis in root cortex. Callus-like root cortex consisted of radially swollen cells that correlated with the reorientation of microtubules (MTs) and the decrease of MT density in the elongation zone. Concomitantly, the cyanotoxin did not decrease, rather it increased the amount of beta-tubulin in reed plantlets. CYN caused the formation of double preprophase bands; the disruption of mitotic spindles led to incomplete sister chromatid separation and disrupted phragmoplasts in root tip meristems. This work shows that CYN alters reed growth and anatomy through the alteration of MT organization.
Beyer
Dániel
D
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4010, Hungary.
Surányi
Gyula
G
Vasas
Gábor
G
Roszik
János
J
Erdodi
Ferenc
F
M-Hamvas
Márta
M
Bácsi
István
I
Bátori
Róbert
R
Serfozo
Zoltán
Z
Szigeti
Zsuzsa M
ZM
Vereb
György
G
Demeter
Zita
Z
Gonda
Sándor
S
Máthé
Csaba
C
D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000187:drug effects; D000458:Cyanobacteria; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects; D008938:Mitosis; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006109:Poaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002843:Chromatin; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil