The use of sonophoresis in the administration of drugs throughout the skin.
Transdermal drug delivery offers an attractive alternative to the conventional drug delivery methods of oral administration and injection. However, the stratum corneum acts as a barrier that limits the penetration of substances through the skin. Application of ultrasound to the skin increases its permeability (sonophoresis) and enables the delivery of various substances into and through the skin. Ultrasound has been used extensively for medical diagnostics and to a certain extent in medical therapy (physiotherapy, ultrasonic surgery, hyperthermia). Nevertheless, it has only recently become popular as a technique to enhance drug release from drug delivery systems. A number of studies suggest the use of ultrasound as an external mean of delivering drugs at increased rates and at desired times. This review presents the main findings in the field of sonophoresis, namely transdermal drug delivery and transdermal monitoring. Particular attention is paid to proposed enhancement mechanisms and trends in the field of topical and transdermal delivery.
Escobar-Chávez
José Juan
JJ
División de Estudios de Posgrado (Tecnología Farmacéutica), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México. josejuanescobar@gmail.com
Bonilla-Martínez
Dalia
D
Villegas-González
Martha Angélica
MA
Rodríguez-Cruz
Isabel Marlen
IM
Domínguez-Delgado
Clara Luisa
CL
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015195:Drug Design; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations