title: Superior sulcus tumors with vertebral body involvement: a multimodality approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Superior sulcus tumors with involvement of the spine have historically been considered unresectable. We have previously documented a 2-year survival of 54% in patients treated with a multimodality approach. This work builds on our previous experience and examines the long-term outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed on patients with superior sulcus non-small cell lung cancer tumors with involvement of the vertebral column (n = 39) treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1990 to 2006. Their clinical and pathologic data were analyzed for short- and long-term outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 included 8 (21%) patients with neuroforamen or transverse process involvement, group 2 had 16 (41%) patients with partial vertebrectomy, and group 3 had 15 (38%) patients with total vertebrectomy. There were 2 (5%) postoperative deaths, and 11 (28%) patients had major complications. Margins were positive in 17 (44%) patients. Recurrence occurred in 23 (59%) patients and was local in 11 (28%) patients, distant in 11 (28%) patients, and both in 1 (3%) patient. Median time to local recurrence was 7 months in patients with positive margins and has not been reached for patients with negative margins (P = .007). Median, 2-year, and 5-year overall survival was 18 months, 47%, and 27%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of shorter survival was nodal metastases (P = .001; hazard ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-19.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An aggressive multimodality approach involving surgical resection can be performed with acceptable morbidity in highly selected patients with superior sulcus tumors and vertebral invasion at a specialized center. Encouraging long-term survival can be achieved in patients with negative margins and no lymph node involvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex 77030, USA.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goodyear
authors.forename: Arlene M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Erasmus
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
authors.forename: Ritsuko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Komaki
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehran
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pisters
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Swisher
authors.forename: Ara A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vaporciyan
authors.forename: Garrett L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rhines
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery