Effects of high and low inspired fractions of oxygen on horse erythrocyte membrane properties, blood viscosity and muscle oxygenation during anaesthesia.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether a period of hyperoxia or after a period of hypoxia produced changes attributable to reactive oxygen species in anaesthetized horses.


METHODS
Prospective randomized experimental study.


METHODS
Six healthy (ASA I) geldings, aged 4.5-9.5 years and weighing 510-640 kg(-1).


METHODS
After 30 minutes breathing air as carrier gas for isoflurane, horses were assigned randomly to breathe air as carrier gas (CG0.21) or oxygen as carrier gas (CG1.00) for a further 90 minutes. After an interval of 1 month each horse was re-anaesthetized with the other carrier gas for the 90 minute test period. Ventilation was controlled throughout anaesthesia. Arterial blood was sampled to measure gas tensions, lactate, cholesterol, vitamin E, 4-hydroxy-alkenals, 8-epi-PGF(2 alpha), half haemolysis time, half erythrolysis time, and erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Muscle blood flow and oxygenation were evaluated by near infrared spectroscopy and coloured Doppler.


RESULTS
After the first 30 minutes horses were hypoxemic. Subsequently the CG1.00 group became hyperoxaemic (PaO(2) approximately 240 mmHg) whereas the CG0.21 group remained hypoxaemic (PaO(2) approximately 60 mmHg) and had increased lactate concentration. No significant changes in vitamin E, 4-hydroxy-alkenals, or 8-epi-PGF(2 alpha) concentrations were detected. During the 90 minute test period the CG0.21 group had increased resistance to free-radical-mediated lysis in erythrocytes, whereas the CG1.00 group had slightly decreased resistance of whole blood to haemolysis. CG0.21 induced a progressive muscle deoxygenation whereas CG1.00 induced an increase in muscle oxygen saturation followed by progressive deoxygenation towards baseline.


CONCLUSIONS
and clinical relevance During isoflurane anaesthesia in horses, the hyperoxia induced by changing from air to oxygen induced minimal damage from reactive oxygen species. Using air as the carrier gas decreased skeletal muscle oxygenation compared with using oxygen.
Portier
Karine
K
Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, Equine Department, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. k.portier@vet-lyon.fr
Crouzier
David
D
Guichardant
Michel
M
Prost
Michel
M
Debouzy
Jean-Claude
JC
Kirschvink
Nathalie
N
Fellmann
Nicole
N
Lekeux
Pierre
P
Coudert
Jean
J
D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D001809:Blood Viscosity / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014810:Vitamin E; D010100:Oxygen