title: Ureteroscopic management of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma and ureteropelvic obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Technological advances have increased the application of the endoscopic management of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Published, peer-reviewed articles on endoscopic treatment of upper tract TCC and UPJO were identified using the MEDLINE database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although nephroureterectomy remains the gold standard for upper tract TCC treatment, low-grade, low-stage and small tumors, especially in patients with solitary kidneys or poor renal function can be managed with encouraging success rates, despite the considerable recurrence rate. Endoscopic alternatives to pyeloplasty for UPJO can be used especially in cases with absence of crossing vessels, stricture length less than 1.5 cm, severe hydronephrosis and renal function less than 30%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proper patient selection is critical for the successful endoscopic management of treatment of upper tract TCC and UPJO.
authors.affiliation: Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio and Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crouzet
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monga
authors.forename: Mihir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai