title: Does arterial spin-labeling MR imaging-measured tumor perfusion correlate with renal cell cancer response to antiangiogenic therapy in a mouse model?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether arterial spin-labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings at baseline and early during antiangiogenic therapy can predict later resistance to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protocol was approved by an institutional animal care and use committee. Caki-1, A498, and 786-0 human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) xenografts were implanted in 39 nude mice. Animals received 80 mg sorafenib per kilogram of body weight once daily once tumors measured 12 mm. ASL imaging was performed at baseline and day 14, with additional imaging performed for 786-0 and A498 (3 days to 12 weeks). Mean blood flow values and qualitative differences in spatial distribution of blood flow were analyzed and compared with histopathologic findings for viability and microvascular density. t Tests were used to compare differences in mean tumor blood flow. Bonferroni-adjusted P values less than .05 denoted significant differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline blood flow was 80.1 mL/100 g/min +/- 23.3 (standard deviation) for A498, 75.1 mL/100 g/min +/- 28.6 for 786-0, and 10.2 mL/100 g/min +/- 9.0 for Caki-1. Treated Caki-1 showed no significant change (14.9 mL/100 g/min +/- 7.6) in flow, whereas flow decreased in all treated A498 on day 14 (47.9 mL/100 g/min +/- 21.1) and in 786-0 on day 3 (20.3 mL/100 g/min +/- 8.7) (P = .003 and .03, respectively). For A498, lowest values were measured at 28-42 days of receiving sorafenib. Regions of increased flow occurred on days 35-49, 17-32 days before documented tumor growth and before significant increases in mean flow (day 77). Although 786-0 showed new, progressive regions with signal intensity detected as early as day 5 that correlated to viable tumor at histopathologic examination, no significant changes in mean flow were noted when day 3 was compared with all subsequent days (P > .99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASL imaging provides clinically relevant information regarding tumor viability in RCC lines that respond to sorafenib.
authors.affiliation: Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapy Lab, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schor-Bardach
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Alsop
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Solazzo
authors.forename: Xiaoen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Marquis
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Signoretti
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lenkinski
authors.forename: S Nahum
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077157:Sorafenib; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D013113:Spin Labels; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib