title: Using neuroplasticity-based auditory training to improve verbal memory in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Impaired verbal memory in schizophrenia is a key rate-limiting factor for functional outcome, does not respond to currently available medications, and shows only modest improvement after conventional behavioral remediation. The authors investigated an innovative approach to the remediation of verbal memory in schizophrenia, based on principles derived from the basic neuroscience of learning-induced neuroplasticity. The authors report interim findings in this ongoing study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five clinically stable schizophrenia subjects were randomly assigned to either 50 hours of computerized auditory training or a control condition using computer games. Those receiving auditory training engaged in daily computerized exercises that placed implicit, increasing demands on auditory perception through progressively more difficult auditory-verbal working memory and verbal learning tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to the control group, subjects who received active training showed significant gains in global cognition, verbal working memory, and verbal learning and memory. They also showed reliable and significant improvement in auditory psychophysical performance; this improvement was significantly correlated with gains in verbal working memory and global cognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensive training in early auditory processes and auditory-verbal learning results in substantial gains in verbal cognitive processes relevant to psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia. These gains may be due to a training method that addresses the early perceptual impairments in the illness, that exploits intact mechanisms of repetitive practice in schizophrenia, and that uses an intensive, adaptive training approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UCSF/SFVAMC, Mail Code 116C, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Merzenich
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vinogradov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014706:Verbal Learning