title: Direct observation of residents in the emergency department: a structured educational program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to describe the implementation of a program of structured direct observation of emergency medicine (EM) residents during clinical shifts in the emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors developed a program in which an observer spent 4 to 5 hours with each resident, without intervening in the clinical encounters. A structured data form was developed to document the resident's performance in a number of defined clinical areas relevant to patient care and mastery of the core competencies. Individual strengths and weaknesses were noted, and the observer provided directed feedback at the end of the session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over an 18-month period, 32 EM residents were observed during their ED shifts. The sessions not only provided specific information on individual residents' performances, but also identified areas where the residency program curriculum could be enhanced and provided a means of assessing mastery of the core competencies. In addition, the program provided an opportunity to give detailed and timely directed feedback to residents. Both residents and attending staff found the sessions acceptable and useful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of a structured direct observation program was feasible and well received and provided insight into the strengths and weaknesses of residents both individually and as a group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. dorfsmanml@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Michele L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dorfsman
authors.forename: Allan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Wolfson
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003657:Decision Making; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011231:Preceptorship / Q000379:methods*; D016730:Program Development