title: Correlates of adverse events during saphenous vein graft intervention with distal embolic protection: a PRIDE substudy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to identify correlates of 30-day adverse events among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein grafts (SVG).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although the use of distal embolic protection devices during SVG intervention reduces major adverse cardiac events (MACE), many patients still experience MACE despite distal embolic protection, and the major predictors of MACE among these patients are not well-characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlates of 30-day MACE and peri-procedural creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) elevation were assessed among 631 patients undergoing SVG intervention with distal embolic protection enrolled in the PRIDE (PRotection during saphenous vein graft Intervention to prevent Distal Embolization) study, a randomized comparison of the TriActiv System (Kensey-Nash Corp., Exton, Pennsylvania) with an active control group (Guardwire [Medtronic, Santa Clara, California] or Filterwire [Boston Scientific, Minneapolis, Minnesota]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline covariates associated with MACE were longer lesion length, greater angiographically assessed estimated plaque volume, and higher SVG degeneration score. Graft age and angina class were not associated with adverse events. Angiographic lesion length was significantly correlated with more complex angiographic metrics such as estimated plaque volume and the SVG degeneration score. In multivariable analyses, angiographic lesion length was the strongest independent correlate of MACE (odds ratio [OR] 2.81 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.82 to 4.34]/log-increase in lesion length, p < 0.001) with a graded increase in MACE observed with increasing lesion lengths. Similarly, the strongest independent correlate of CK-MB elevation was lesion length (OR 2.54 [95% CI 1.59 to 4.04]/log-increase in lesion length, p < 0.001). The associations between lesion length and both MACE and CK-MB elevation were consistent among the studied embolic protection devices (TriActiv, Guardwire, or Filterwire).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiographic lesion length was the strongest correlate of short-term adverse events among patients undergoing SVG intervention with distal embolic protection, with incremental effects noted at even relatively short lesion lengths.
authors.affiliation: Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ajay J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kirtane
authors.forename: Eugene R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Heyman
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Breall
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Carrozza
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D004617:Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form