title: Comparative AFLP reveals paternal sex ratio chromosome specific DNA sequences in the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma kaykai.
abstract: The parasitoid wasp Trichogramma kaykai with a haplo-diploid sex determination has a B chromosome called the paternal sex ratio (PSR) chromosome that confers paternal genome loss during early embryogenesis, resulting in male offspring. So far, it is not well known whether the PSR chromosome has unique DNA sequence characteristics. By comparative AFLP fingerprinting of genomic DNA from wasps with and without the PSR chromosome, we isolated DNA from PSR-specific bands. Fourteen of such DNA fragments were analysed to confirm their PSR specificity. Seven were sequenced and two (PT-AFLP 1 and PT-AFLP1 3) were identified as parts of retrotransposon genes based on BLAST searches. Internal primers designed from a third AFLP fragment allowed PCR amplification of a PSR chromosome specific marker, which can be used to screen for the PSR trait in male wasps. Southern analysis revealed a dispersed repetitive nature of this third sequence in the T. kaykai genome, suggesting that it is part of a transposon. A fourth AFLP fragment (PT-AFLP 5) appears to be a large repetitive sequence on the PSR chromosome. This sequence is also found in the genome of both T. kaykai and the closely related species Trichogramma deion, but its distribution on the PSR chromosome strongly resembles that of T. deion rather than that of T. kaykai. Our results provide further insight into the repetitive nature of sequences comprising B chromosomes and their similarities with their host and closely related species.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joke J F A
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Vugt
authors.forename: Ron G M
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: van der Hulst
authors.forename: Andrea J P
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Pruijssers
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verbaarschot
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stouthamer
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D054458:Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012730:Sex Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D012744:Sex Ratio; D014863:Wasps / Q000235:genetics*