title: The transmembrane domain of BST-2 determines its sensitivity to down-modulation by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu.
abstract: Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2, also known as tetherin) restricts the production of a number of enveloped viruses by blocking virus release from the cell surface. This antiviral activity is counteracted by such viral factors as Vpu of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here, we report that Vpu antagonizes human BST-2 but not BST-2 derived from African green monkeys. The determinants of susceptibility to Vpu map to the transmembrane domain of BST-2. In accordance with this, expression of human BST-2 containing a modified transmembrane domain effectively blocks the replication of wild-type Vpu-expressing HIV-1 in CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, these BST-2 variants, as opposed to wild-type human BST-2, are refractory to Vpu-mediated down-regulation as a result of an attenuated interaction with Vpu. In view of the work by others pointing to a key role of the transmembrane domain of Vpu in promoting virus release, our data suggest that a direct interaction through the transmembrane domain of each of these two proteins is a prerequisite for Vpu to down-modulate BST-2.
authors.affiliation: McGill AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Jianyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: René-Pierre
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lorgeoux
authors.forename: Claudette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aloysius
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Shan-Lu
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wainberg
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D015536:Down-Regulation; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D015870:Gene Expression; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C094572:BST2 protein, human; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins