Emotions and sport performance: an exploration of happiness, hope, and anger.
We conducted three experiments to examine the relationships between emotions and subcomponents of performance. Experiment 1 revealed that anger was associated with enhanced gross muscular peak force performance but that happiness did not influence grammatical reasoning performance. Following Lazarus (1991, 2000a), we examined hope rather than happiness in Experiment 2. As hypothesized, hope yielded faster soccer-related reaction times in soccer players. Experiment 3 was an examination of extraversion as a moderator of the anger-performance relationship. When angry, extraverts' peak force increased more than introverts'. Results are discussed and future research directions are offered in relation to Lazarus's framework.
Woodman
Tim
T
School of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
Davis
Paul A
PA
Hardy
Lew
L
Callow
Nichola
N
Glasscock
Ian
I
Yuill-Proctor
Jason
J
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005120:Extraversion, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D007439:Introversion, Psychological; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013334:Students; D055815:Young Adult