title: Hoarseness in children with cleft palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the rate of hoarseness in children with cleft palate (CP). Understand the relationship between velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and hoarseness in children with CP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series with chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of 185 patients with CP treated by a Children's Hospital Cleft Team and born between 1991 and 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of total patients, 54.1 percent were male and 45.9 percent female. All types of CP were represented. The overall rate of hoarseness was 20.0 percent at age 3-4 and 18.4 percent at age 6-7. The presence of VPI did not correlate with the presence of hoarseness or dysphonia. VPI decreased when comparing age 3-4 (58.4%) with age 6-7 (30.2%, P < 0.001), but the hoarseness rates did not change, 20.8 percent at age 3-4 and 19.5 percent at age 6-7 (P = 0.56).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with CP are thought to have increased risk of voice disturbances due to compensatory articulation mechanisms used when a patient has VPI. However, this study of 185 patients with CP showed no relationship between VPI and hoarseness. The overall rate of hoarseness of this population with CP was within the reported range for the normal population of children. These findings suggest that the theory that VPI causes hoarseness due to compensatory speech mechanisms may be incorrect.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis location, Minneapolis, MN, USA. koep0072@umn.edu
authors.forename: Katherine K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hamming
authors.forename: Marsha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sidman
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications*