title: Pain and disability in older Mexican-American adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine an association between pain severity and functional disability in older Mexican Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study (2005/06), a subsample of the Hispanic Established Population for Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand thirteen Mexican American aged 74 to 100.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilingual interviewers administered structured questionnaires and assessed physical measures of mobility and frailty (exhaustion, weight loss, walking speed, grip strength, and self-reported physical activity). Two items from the SF-36 questionnaire assessed pain experiences in the previous 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chi-square one-way analysis of variance and least square and negative binomial regressions were computed for 744 participants with complete data to investigate experience of pain and other dimensions of health and functioning. Close to two-thirds (64.7%) reported pain within 4 weeks of the interview, and 49.7% reported that pain interfered with performance of daily activities. Female sex; low education; frailty; reduced mobility; disability; and high comorbidity, body mass index, and depressive symptomatology were significantly associated with pain severity and interference. Regression coefficients revealed that pain severity was significantly related to disability in activities of daily living (0.22, P<.001) and instrumental activities of daily living (0.23, P<.01) after controlling for sociodemographic and health status characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings expand the pain literature on older Mexican Americans. High pain rates were most prevalent in women and subjects with high comorbidity, high depressive symptomatology, poor mobility, and frailty. Pain also plays a significant role in disability status. In-depth research is needed to understand the pain experiences of older Mexican Americans and their effect on health and well-being.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Professions, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. gweaver@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Gayle D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Yong-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Mukaila A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Raji
authors.forename: Soham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Snih
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ottenbacher
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology