title: Modification of palm oil for anti-inflammatory nutraceutical properties.
abstract: Palm oil is one of the most important edible oils in the world. Its composition (rich in palmitate and oleate) make it suitable for general food uses but its utility could be increased if its fatty acid quality could be varied. In this study, we have modified a palm olein fraction by transesterification with the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alpha-linolenate or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Evaluation of the potential nutritional efficacy of the oils was made using chondrocyte culture systems which can be used to mimic many of the degenerative and inflammatory pathways involved in arthritis. On stimulation of such cultures with interleukin-1alpha, they showed increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2, the inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1alpha and IL-1beta and the proteinase ADAMTS-4. This increased expression was not affected by challenge of the cultures with palm olein alone but showed concentration-dependent reduction by the modified oil in a manner similar to EPA. These results show clearly that it is possible to modify palm oil conveniently to produce a nutraceutical with effective anti-inflammatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Persiaran Institusi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zainal
authors.forename: Andrea J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Longman
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.forename: Clare E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caterson
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Harwood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004951:Esterification / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010938:Plant Oils; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D000073878:Palm Oil