title: Pregnancy, childrearing, and risk of stroke in Chinese women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although it has been suggested that high gravidity and parity increase the risk for coronary heart disease, their associations with stroke are unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated associations of gravidity and parity with incidence of stroke in the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS), a population-based cohort study of 74 942 Chinese women aged 40 to 70 years at enrollment (1996 to 2000). We also examined the association between number of children and stroke prevalence in both SWHS participants and their husbands. Stroke cases were ascertained through in-person interviews and linkage with vital statistics registries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up of 7.3 years, 2343 incident cases of stroke were identified. Women with more pregnancies or live births had a significantly increased risk for incident stroke. After adjustment for socioeconomic status and other potential confounders, women with > or =5 pregnancies had a hazard ratio for incident stroke of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.77) compared with those with only one pregnancy. At baseline recruitment, 859 and 1274 prevalent cases of stroke were reported among SWHS participants and their husbands, respectively. Stroke prevalence increased with increasing number of children in both women and men. Adjusted ORs of prevalent stroke for having > or =5 children versus having one child were 1.61 (95% CI, 1.16 to 2.23) in women and 1.45 (1.11 to 1.89) in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High gravidity or parity may be related to increased risk of stroke in women. Chronic stress and adverse lifestyle factors related to childrearing may contribute importantly to the increased risk.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine & Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Sixth Floor, Suite 600, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA. xianglan.zhang@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Xianglan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Ou
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Yu-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Honglan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology