title: In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
abstract: We evaluated the potency of garenoxacin in selecting resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants by determining its mutant prevention concentration, using strains with and without topoisomerase gene mutations, and compared its potency to that of other quinolones. Garenoxacin had a significantly greater potency against pneumococci, including strains containing topoisomerase mutations. Genetic analysis of the S. pneumoniae mutants created by garenoxacin revealed that the gyrA gene was a primary target of garenoxacin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City 852-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumikawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakeya
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirakata
authors.forename: Shimeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamihira
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D026942:DNA Topoisomerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D026942:DNA Topoisomerases; D027081:DNA Gyrase; C419689:garenoxacin