title: The impact of maternal depression and personality disorder on early infant care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have reported detrimental effects of maternal depression on infant care but have not taken into account the potential confounding effects of co-morbid personality disorder. We aimed to examine the independent effects of maternal depression and personality disorder on infant care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessments with 200 mothers who had a diagnosis of depression, personality disorder, both conditions, or neither condition, when their infants were aged 2 months, included structured clinical interviews, an interview about infant care practices, and standardised measures of quality of the home environment, maternal involvement with the baby, maternal sensitivity and infant irritability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of depression and personality disorder had significant independent detrimental effects on infant care practices and maternal involvement with the baby, while depression alone had a negative effect on quality of the home environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with depression are less likely to use recommended infant care practices only when they also meet criteria for co-morbid personality disorder. Professionals working with women and babies need to consider the particular difficulties that mothers with both personality disorder and depression may have in providing satisfactory infant care.
authors.affiliation: PO71, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK. s.conroy@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: Maureen N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schacht
authors.forename: Helen A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moran
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018730:Infant Behavior; D007224:Infant Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology