title: Aberrant TGF-beta signaling reduces T regulatory cells in ICAM-1-deficient mice, increasing the inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: Foxp3+ T regulatory cells are required to prevent autoimmune disease, but also prevent clearance of some chronic infections. While natural T regulatory cells are produced in the thymus, TGF-beta1 signaling combined with T-cell receptor signaling induces the expression of Foxp3 in CD4+ T cells in the periphery. We found that ICAM-1-/- mice have fewer T regulatory cells in the periphery than WT controls, due to a role for ICAM-1 in induction of Foxp3 expression in response to TGF-beta1. Further investigation revealed a functional deficiency in the TGF-beta1-induced translocation of phosphorylated Smad3 from the cytoplasmic compartment to the nucleus in ICAM-1-deficient mice. This impairment in the TGF-beta1 signaling pathway is most likely responsible for the decrease in T regulatory cell induction in the absence of ICAM-1. We hypothesized that in the presence of an inflammatory response, reduced production of inducible T regulatory cells would be evident in ICAM-1-/- mice. Indeed, following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, ICAM-1-/- mice had a pronounced reduction in T regulatory cells in the lungs compared with control mice. Consequently, the effector T-cell response and inflammation were greater in the lungs of ICAM-1-/- mice, resulting in morbidity due to overwhelming pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Hillarie Plessner
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Windish
authors.forename: P Ling
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Joshua T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Ezenwa Obi
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Onuoha
authors.forename: Lawrence P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: JoAnne L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Flynn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007249:Inflammation; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma