title: Anticancer oncolytic activity of respiratory syncytial virus.
abstract: Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging biotherapeutic platform for cancer treatment, which is based on selective infection/killing of cancer cells by viruses. Herein we identify the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as an oncolytic virus. Using prostate cancer models, we show dramatic enhancement of RSV infectivity in vitro in the androgen-independent, highly metastatic PC-3 human prostate cancer cells compared to the non-tumorigenic RWPE-1 human prostate cells. The oncolytic efficiency of RSV was established in vivo using human prostate tumor xenografts in nude mice. Intratumoral and intraperitoneal injections of RSV led to a significant regression of prostate tumors. Furthermore, enhanced viral burden in PC-3 cells led to selective destruction of PC-3 cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft tumors in vivo due to apoptosis triggered by the downregulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity (and the resulting loss of anti-apoptotic function of NF-kappaB) in RSV-infected PC-3 cells. The intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway constitutes the major apoptotic pathway; however, the death-receptor-dependent extrinsic pathway, mediated by the paracrine/autocrine action of tumor necrosis factor-alpha produced from infected cells, also partly contributed to apoptosis. Thus, the oncolytic property of RSV can potentially be exploited to develop targeted therapeutics for the clinical management of prostate tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine at Universityof Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA..
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Echchgadda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kota
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: DeLa Cruz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sabbah
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harnack
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mgbemena
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D053454:Caspase 12 / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D050130:Oncolytic Virotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000502:physiology*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D053454:Caspase 12; D053148:Caspase 3