title: Pupil perimetry demonstrates hemifield pupillary hypokinesia in a patient with a pretectal lesion causing a relative afferent pupil defect but no visual field loss.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lesions affecting the pretectum or the brachium of the superior colliculus (brachium) and sparing the optic tract cause a contralateral relative afferent pupil defect (RAPD) but no visual field loss. It has been assumed that the pupillomotor pathways within the brachium are a continuation of the pupillomotor pathways traveling in the optic tract. To investigate this assumption, we looked for hemihypokinesia by means of pupil perimetry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pupillary hemifield stimulation was performed in a 65-year-old woman with normal visual fields and an isolated left RAPD due to a cerebral hemorrhage affecting the right dorsal midbrain. The pupil responses from light stimulation of the nasal inferior, nasal superior, and temporal inferior and temporal superior quadrants of both eyes were recorded using computerized binocular infrared pupillography. Each stimulus was presented 5 times and the mean amplitude of the pupil response was calculated for each stimulus location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pupil perimetry demonstrated a marked hemihypokinesia (reduced light reaction) in the hemifield contralateral to the site of the lesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experiment suggests that the brachium is indeed a continuation of the afferent pupillary fibers traveling in the optic tract.
authors.affiliation: Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. e_papage@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wermund
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020145:Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D011681:Pupil Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012025:Reflex, Pupillary / Q000502:physiology; D013477:Superior Colliculi; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields