title: Moisturizers change the mRNA expression of enzymes synthesizing skin barrier lipids.
abstract: In a previous study, 7-week treatment of normal human skin with two test moisturizers, Complex cream and Hydrocarbon cream, was shown to affect mRNA expression of certain genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation. Moreover, the treatment altered transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in opposite directions. In the present study, the mRNA expression of genes important for formation of barrier lipids, i.e., cholesterol, free fatty acids and ceramides, was examined. Treatment with Hydrocarbon cream, which increased TEWL, also elevated the gene expression of GBA, SPTLC2, SMPD1, ALOX12B, ALOXE3, and HMGCS1. In addition, the expression of PPARG was decreased. On the other hand, Complex cream, which decreased TEWL, induced only the expression of PPARG, although not confirmed at the protein level. Furthermore, in the untreated skin, a correlation between the mRNA expression of PPARG and ACACB, and TEWL was found, suggesting that these genes are important for the skin barrier homeostasis. The observed changes further demonstrate that long-term treatment with certain moisturizers may induce dysfunctional skin barrier, and as a consequence several signaling pathways are altered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. izabela.buraczewska@aconordic.com
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Buraczewska
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berne
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lodén
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Törmä
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D002518:Ceramides / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004643:Emollients / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D004643:Emollients; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002784:Cholesterol