title: Soy proteins and isoflavones affect bone mineral density in older women: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soy foods contain several components (isoflavones and amino acids) that potentially affect bone. Few long-term, large clinical trials of soy as a means of improving bone mineral density (BMD) in late postmenopausal women have been conducted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to evaluate the long-term effect of dietary soy protein and/or soy isoflavone consumption on skeletal health in late postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 131 healthy ambulatory women aged >60 y. Ninety-seven women completed the trial. After a 1-mo baseline period, subjects were randomly assigned into 1 of 4 intervention groups: soy protein (18 g) + isoflavone tablets (105 mg isoflavone aglycone equivalents), soy protein + placebo tablets, control protein + isoflavone tablets, and control protein + placebo tablets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption of protein powder and isoflavone pills did not differ between groups, and compliance with the study powder and pills was 80-90%. No significant differences in BMD were observed between groups from baseline to 1 y after the intervention or in BMD change between equol and non-equol producers. However, there were significant negative correlations between total dietary protein (per kg) and markers of bone turnover (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because soy protein and isoflavones (either alone or together) did not affect BMD, they should not be considered as effective interventions for preserving skeletal health in older women. The negative correlation between dietary protein and bone turnover suggests that increasing protein intakes may suppress skeletal turnover. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00668447.
authors.affiliation: Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: Kelsey M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.forename: Robin H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Abourizk
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: Denise E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Anamani
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleppinger
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Prestwood
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kerstetter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010919:Placebos; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007529:Isoflavones; D010919:Placebos; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D003094:Collagen