title: An optimised neurobehavioural observation battery integrated with the assessment of cardiovascular function in the beagle dog.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to describe an optimised neurobehavioural observation battery in the beagle dog and to demonstrate that it can be used for an integrated assessment of cardiovascular and neurobehavioural functions within a single Safety Pharmacology study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardised and detailed observation battery was established based on the direct examination of 44 signs, including behavioural responses and a full, systematic neurological examination, using clearly defined numerical scores. To complete the neurobehavioural assessment the remote observation of animals by video recording was also performed. Results from two studies, where cardiovascular and neurobehavioural parameters were assessed using drugs that either showed or did not show cardiovascular effects, are presented to show the influence of the direct neurobehavioural exam on the telemetrically acquired cardiovascular parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were affected by the handling required for the neurobehavioural procedure for a total of approximately 25 min, consisting in 20 min needed for the sequential neurobehavioural observation of four dogs (requiring approximately 5 min each) and approximately 5 min to return to baseline. Drug related cardiovascular effects were not affected by the changes associated with these neurobehavioural observations. More evident cardiovascular changes were observed with other routine procedures such as feeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The direct neurobehavioural examination caused fluctuations of the telemetric cardiovascular parameters for no more than 5 min from the end of the procedure and this did not alter or jeopardise the analysis and interpretation of the cardiovascular parameters. These results confirmed that this optimised neurobehavioural observation battery can be used in the beagle dog for a reliable integrated assessment of neurobehavioural and cardiovascular changes during the course of Safety Pharmacology evaluations.
authors.affiliation: Safety Pharmacology, Safety Assessment Department, GlaxoSmithKline R&D Centre, 37135 Verona, Italy. Elena.2.Moscardo@gsk.com
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moscardo
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fasdelli
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giarola
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tontodonati
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dorigatti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001831:Body Temperature; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D006339:Heart Rate; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009043:Motor Activity; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods; D012025:Reflex, Pupillary; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods