title: The role of coping and temperament in the adjustment of children with cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the extent to which stress, coping, and temperament accounted for variability in adjustment among children with cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five mothers of children with cancer (ages 5-17) completed questionnaires regarding their child's cancer-related stress; coping; temperament characteristics including positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and effortful control (EC); and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Assessments occurred within one year of initial diagnosis or relapse (M = 5.74 months; SD = 4.72).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cancer-related stress was positively associated with symptoms of depression in children. NA was positively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Primary control coping moderated the association between NA and depression, and primary and secondary control coping mediated this association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results partially support the utility of an integrated model including cancer-related stress, coping, and NA in identifying children at risk for internalizing symptoms during treatment. Additional research is needed to inform interventions for this population.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205-2696, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vannatta
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Compas
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vasey
authors.forename: Katie D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: McGoron
authors.forename: Christina G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Salley
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gerhardt
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000523:psychology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012803:Sick Role; D013694:Temperament