title: Children with orofacial clefts: health-care use and costs among a privately insured population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Orofacial clefts are common birth defects that often require multiple surgeries and medical treatments during childhood. We used healthcare insurance claims data to estimate health-care expenditures for infants and children < or = 10 years of age with an orofacial cleft.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were derived from the 2000-2004 MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters databases, which include person-specific information on health-care use, expenditures, and enrollment for approximately 50 large employers, health plans, and government and public organizations. Health insurance claims data from 821,619 children < or = 10 years of age enrolled in employer-sponsored plans during 2004 were analyzed. Expenditures for inpatient admissions, outpatient services, and prescription drug claims were calculated for children with and those without an orofacial cleft.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference in annual mean costs (i.e., incremental costs) between children aged 0 through 10 years with an orofacial cleft and those without an orofacial cleft was $13,405. The mean and median costs for children < or = 10 years of age with an orofacial cleft were eight times higher than for children of the same age without an orofacial cleft. Mean costs for infants with a cleft and another major, unrelated defect were 25 times higher than those for an infant without a cleft, and five times higher than for infants with an isolated cleft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings document substantially elevated medical care costs for privately insured children with an orofacial cleft. Additional study of the economic burden associated with this condition should include a broader range of economic costs.
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., MS-E86, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sboulet@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Sheree L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Boulet
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Grosse
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Honein
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Correa-Villaseñor
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000628:therapy*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000628:therapy*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007344:Insurance Claim Reporting; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States