title: Tumor detection and serosal invasion of bladder cancer: role of three-dimensional volumetric reconstructed US.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate evaluation of local extent in bladder cancer is important to determine the optimal therapeutic strategy and to predict the outcome of treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of 3D volumetric reconstructed US in the assessment of tumor detection and serosal invasion in patients with bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 14 patients with findings of bladder cancer determined with the use of cystoscopy was examined with the use of bladder two-dimensional (2D) US and subsequent 3D US. US findings were compared with cystoscopy findings and the pathological stage after a TURB or a radical cystectomy in a double-blinded manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity of preoperative tumor staging was 67.9% for 2D US and sensitivity was 78.6% for 3D US. 3D US was superior sensitivity than 2D US (P < 0.05). The accuracy for serosal invasion in staging of bladder cancer was demonstrated for 88.9% in 2D US and for 100% in 3D US.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accuracy for serosal invasion (T3b) in the staging of bladder cancer was demonstrated for 88.9% in 2D US and for 100% in 3D US. 3D volumetric reconstructed US is a non-invasive and accurate technique for tumor detection of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seong Sook
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jung Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seok Beom
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Kui Hyang
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Deuk Lin
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sung Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yun Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jung Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012704:Serous Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*