title: Extended application of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to report a novel indication for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in patients with previous right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) patch.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current indications for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation are limited to patients who had pulmonary valve stenosis and/or regurgitation in a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit. Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation has not been previously reported in patients with severe pulmonary valve regurgitation following repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) using RVOT patch.
  
  
  METHODS
  After assessment of the RVOT patch in multiple projections, a catheter was placed in a distal pulmonary artery branch. In patients with an RVOT patch, sizing of the narrowest diameter of the RVOT patch by manual inflation of a sizing balloon was performed; a stent was placed into the RVOT patch at the level of the narrowest area to anchor the stent and to create an artificial conduit to place the Melody valve. The percutaneous valve was then implanted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven females and 6 males with a mean age of 14.3 years and mean body weight 45 kg had successful percutaneous implantation of the Melody valve. Four patients had previous repair of TOF using RVOT patch. All patients were discharged within 2 days after the procedure without complications. After a mean of 4 months follow-up all patients were alive and well. Transthoracic echocardiography showed competent pulmonary valve. Chest X-ray showed no stent migration or fracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation can be performed in patients with pulmonary valve regurgitation, including those with previous RVOT patch using pre-stenting techniques, with satisfactory results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. kidecho@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tarek S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Momenah
authors.forename: Reida
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El Oakley
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al Najashi
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khoshhal
authors.forename: Howaida
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al Qethamy
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonhoeffer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011665:Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult