title: Evolving perspectives of the role of novel agents in androgen-independent prostate cancer.
abstract: Metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer presents an intriguing clinical challenge, with a subtle interaction between hormone-responsive and refractory tumor cell elements. The treatment of advanced prostate carcinoma, which had remained stagnant for several decades following the understanding of the link between androgenic stimulation and carcinogenesis, has now started to make steady headway with chemotherapy and targeted approaches. Metastatic prostate cancer is almost always treated with initial androgen deprivation, in various forms. However, despite such treatment androgen-independent prostate cancer cells eventually emerge and progress to threaten life. The therapeutic objectives for treatment of metastatic prostate cancer are to maintain the quality of life and prolong survival. The out-dated nihilistic dogma of deferring chemotherapy until the most advanced stages in advanced prostate cancer is now falling by the wayside with the development of newer effective, tolerable agents.
authors.affiliation: Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Sujith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalmadi
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raghavan