title: The effect of gaze direction on the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential produced by air-conducted sound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of vertical and horizontal gaze, head rotation, body position, and vision on the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (OVEMP) produced by air-conducted (AC) sound.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten normal subjects were stimulated by 500 Hz 2 ms AC tone bursts at 136-142 dB peak SPL. OVEMPs were recorded from electrodes placed beneath the eyes. Angles of vertical gaze ranged from maximal downward to upward gaze in increments of 5-10 degrees . Horizontal gaze was measured during elevation and ranged from 20 degrees adduction to 20 degrees abduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing vertical gaze increased OVEMP amplitude, especially for the contralateral eye (neutral vs maximal upward gaze; contra: 1.0 vs 2.6 microV; ipsi: 0.8 vs 0.9 microV; P<0.001). OVEMPs from the contralateral eye peaked significantly earlier in the upward gaze positions (contra: 9.2 ms; ipsi: 10.4 ms; P<0.001), but peaked later during downward gaze (contra: 14.2 ms; ipsi: 11.4 ms; P=0.014). There were small effects of horizontal gaze and supine body position, but no effects of head rotation or vision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OVEMP amplitudes are strongly modulated by gaze position. Truncal position also affects OVEMP amplitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study quantifies the effect of gaze on the OVEMP and demonstrates the importance of controlling for gaze in clinical and experimental studies.
authors.affiliation: Prince of Wales Clinical School and Medical Research Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
authors.forename: Sendhil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Govender
authors.forename: Sally M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rosengren
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Colebatch
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012022:Reflex, Acoustic / Q000502:physiology; D013016:Sound; D013017:Sound Localization / Q000502:physiology*; D016683:Supine Position; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology*; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*