title: Evaluation of the impact of hepatitis B vaccination among children born during 1992-2005 in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endemic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious health problem in China. Hepatitis B vaccination of infants was introduced in 1992 and was progressively expanded during the subsequent 15 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a national serosurvey, with participants selected by multiple-stage random sampling. Demographic characteristics and hepatitis B vaccination history were collected by a questionnaire and a review of vaccination records, and serum specimens were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, and hepatitis B surface antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatitis B vaccine coverage (3 doses) increased from 30.0% for children born in 1992 to 93.4% for children born in 2005. Receipt of a timely birth dose increased from 22.2% to 82.6% for children born during this interval. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, western and rural residence, birth at home, and certain ethnicities were risk factors for under vaccination with both full vaccine series and timely birth dose. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen was reduced to 2.1% among all children and 1.0% among children born after 1999. The efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination with a timely birth dose was 88.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatitis B vaccine has been successfully integrated into routine infant immunization in China, now reaching most infants within 24 h after birth, and the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen has been greatly reduced among children born after 1992.
authors.affiliation: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Weizhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Longde
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Fuqiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Yuansheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fuzhen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Jingchen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Huaqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Huiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shuigao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hadler
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines