The chemistry of commercial continuous glucose monitors.
The analytical methodologies of the continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) commercialized to date are described. The devices include two noninvasive products: the GlucoWatch (Cygnus, Redwood City, CA) G2 Biographer uses iontophoresis to obtain a sample and electrochemistry for glucose detection, and PENDRA (Pendragon Medical Ltd., Zurich, Switzerland) utilizes impedance spectroscopy. Three minimally invasive systems employ subcutaneous amperometric sensors-Guardian REAL-Time (Medtronic MiniMed, Sylmar, CA), DexCom STS-7 (DexCom, San Diego, CA), and FreeStyle Navigator (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA). The GlucoDay (A. Menarini I.F.R. S.r.l., Florence, Italy) collects a sample with a minimally invasive microdialysis fiber and measures the glucose electrochemically.
McGarraugh
Geoffrey
G
Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, California 94502, USA. geoff.mcgarraugh@abbott.com
D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D004566:Electrodes; D004583:Electrons; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
D001786:Blood Glucose