title: Perceived parental food controlling practices are related to obesogenic or leptogenic child life style behaviors.
abstract: To better understand whether the parental food controlling practices pressure and restriction to eat are obesity preventing or obesity promoting, this study examined whether these parenting practices are related to other (food or non-food) areas that are generally regarded as obesogenic or leptogenic. Are these foods controlling practices more indicative of obesogenic or leptogenic child life style behaviors? In a sample of 7-12-year-old boys and girls (n = 943) the perceived parental food controlling practices were related to various measures for unhealthy life style. Using factor analysis we assessed whether there is a constellation of lifestyle behaviors that is potentially obesogenic or leptogenic. Remarkably, perceived parental restriction and pressure loaded on two different factors. Perceived parental restriction to eat had a negative loading on a factor that further comprised potential obesogenic child life style behaviors, such as snacking (positive loading), time spend with screen media (television or computer) (positive loadings) and frequency of fruit consumption (negative loading). Perceived parental pressure to eat had a positive loading on a factor that further comprised potential leptogenic life style behaviors such as frequency of eating a breakfast meal and sporting (positive loadings). It is concluded that low perceived parental restriction in regard to food may perhaps be a sign of more uninvolved 'neglecting' or indulgent parenting/obesogenic home environment, whereas high perceived parental pressure to eat may be sign of a more 'concerned' leptogenic parenting/home environment, though more research into style of parenting is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University, POBox 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands. vanstrien@psych.ru.nl
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Strien
authors.forename: Rianne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Niekerk
authors.forename: Machteld A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ouwens
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D003201:Computers; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013690:Television