title: [Effect of renal artery embolization using 2-poly-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate as a liquid embolic agent: a study in rabbits].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of a liquid embolic agent 2-poly-hydroxyethyl -methacrylate (2-P-HEMA) for renal artery embolization in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The precipitation time of different concentrations (2%, 3.5%, 5%, 6.5%, 8% and 9.5%) of 2-P-HEMA dissolved in different solutions (ethanol, ethanol/iobitridol, and ethanol/Bi2O3) were determined in flowing water. The mixtures of 2-P-HEMA (2%, 5%, and 8%) with ethanol/ Bi2O3 were injected into the renal arteries of the rabbits, and the artery-embolizing effects were assessed using angiography at 2 and 12 weeks after the injection, with also macroscopic and microscopic examination of the embolized kidneys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mixtures of 2-P-HEMA and ethanol formed flocculent precipitation a few seconds after injection into flowing water, and the precipitation time showed no significant variations with the concentration of 2-P-HEMA in the mixture. Low and moderate concentrations of 2-P-HEMA could pass through the microcatheter smoothly with little injection resistance, and resulted in complete occlusion of the renal arteries without adhesion to the microcatheter. Angiography at 2 and 12 weeks detected no recanalization of the occluded renal arteries. Macroscopically, the lumen of the renal arteries was found to be occluded by the embolic agents, and deep penetration of the embolic agents into the glomerular arteries was observed microscopically. The mixture containing high-concentration 2-P-HEMA was difficult to deliver through the microcatheter due to high injection resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2-P-HEMA can be rapidly precipitated after injection into flowing water, and allows complete embolization of the renal arteries of rabbits at proper concentrations, suggesting its great potential as an endovascular liquid embolic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan 430070, China. duhaodt@163.com
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Lian-ting
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Bin-lie
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Zuo-qian
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shang-zhen
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Guo-zheng
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zai-yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xin-yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011102:Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate; D011817:Rabbits; D011859:Radiography; D011897:Random Allocation; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D011102:Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate