title: Slowly digestible carbohydrate sources can be used to attenuate the postprandial glycemic response to the ingestion of diabetes-specific enteral formulas.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to compare the glycemic and insulinemic responses following the ingestion of recently developed diabetes-specific enteral formulas versus a standard and a high-fat formula.
  
  
  
  Fifteen type 2 diabetes patients were selected to participate in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Two enteral formulas (47 energy percent [En%] carbohydrate, 34En% fat, and 4 g fiber/200 mL) were defined with either isomaltulose (formula 1) or sucromalt (formula 2) as the main carbohydrate source. For comparison, an isoenergetic diabetes-specific, high-fat (33En% carbohydrate, 50En% fat, 2.9 g fiber/200 mL) and a standard formula (55En% carbohydrate, 30En% fat, 2.8 g fiber/200 mL) were tested.
  
  
  
  Ingestion of formulas 1 and 2 and the high-fat formula resulted in an attenuated blood glucose response when compared with the standard formula (P < .05). In accordance, peak plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower when compared with the standard formula (189 +/- 3.6 mg/dL [10.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/L], 196.2 +/- 3.6 mg/dL [10.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/L], 187.2 +/- 3.6 mg/dL [10.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/L], and 237.6 +/- 3.6 mg/dL [13.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/L], respectively). Plasma insulin responses were lower after consumption of the newly developed and high-fat formulas. Ingestion of the high-fat formula resulted in a greater postprandial triglyceride response (P < .05).
  
  
  
  Diabetes-specific enteral formulas rich in slowly digestible carbohydrate sources can be equally effective in attenuating the postprandial blood glucose response as low-carbohydrate, high-fat enteral formulas without elevating the plasma triglyceride response.
authors.affiliation: The Departments of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (Dr Vanschoonbeek, Dr van Loon)
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vanschoonbeek
authors.affiliation: Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands (Dr Lansink, Dr van Laere)
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lansink
authors.affiliation: Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands (Dr Lansink, Dr van Laere)
authors.forename: K M J
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: van Laere
authors.affiliation: Human Movement Sciences, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (Mr Senden, Mr Verdijk, Dr van Loon)
authors.forename: J M G
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Senden
authors.affiliation: Human Movement Sciences, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (Mr Senden, Mr Verdijk, Dr van Loon)
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Verdijk
authors.affiliation: The Departments of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (Dr Vanschoonbeek, Dr van Loon)|Human Movement Sciences, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (Mr Senden, Mr Verdijk, Dr van Loon)
authors.forename: L J C
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Loon
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000209:etiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D017698:Postmenopause; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin