title: Infraorbital dark circles: definition, causes, and treatment options.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infraorbital dark circles refer to the conditions that present with darkness of the infraorbital eyelids. Although it is not a medical concern, it can be a cosmetic concern for a large number of individuals. Moreover, clear definition and possible causes have not been elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the possible causes and treatment options for infraorbital dark circles.
  
  
  METHODS
  The article is based on a review of the medical literature and the author's clinical experience in treating infraorbital dark circles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Possible causative factors of infraorbital dark circles include excessive pigmentation, thin and translucent lower eyelid skin overlying the orbicularis oculi muscle, and shadowing due to skin laxity and tear trough, but because multiple factors cause infraorbital dark circles in the majority of patients, it is essential to identify the cause and choose the appropriate treatment according to the cause.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Ryung
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Kee Yang
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D000287:Administration, Topical; D003869:Dermabrasion; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005143:Eyelids; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D009915:Orbit; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents