title: Risk of prostate cancer after detection of isolated high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) on extended core needle biopsy: a UK hospital experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is a precursor lesion to prostate cancer (CaP). UK-based studies examining the occurrence of isolated HGPIN and subsequent risk of CaP are lacking. Our aim was to assess the occurrence of HGPIN in a regional UK population and to determine whether in a retrievable cohort of such patients that had repeat extended core biopsies, there was an elevated risk of CaP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of the pathology database was conducted at our institution (Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust) for prostate biopsies recorded between January 2001 and December 2005 (all extended core biopsies). Those patients with isolated HGPIN on 1st set of biopsies were identified and, their clinical characteristics and pathological findings from subsequent biopsies (if any) were determined. The risk of CaP on subsequent biopsies based on presenting baseline PSA was stratified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2,192 biopsied patients, there were 88 cases of isolated HGPIN of which 67 patients underwent one or more repeat biopsies. In this repeat-biopsy group, 28 CaP diagnoses were made. Age at first biopsy (P < 0.001), higher mean baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (P < 0.005) and higher mean change in PSA (P < 0.05) were predictive of CaP detection on repeat biopsies. PSA ranges and their associated predictive values for cancer were: 0 to 5 ng/ml - 11%; 5 to 10 ng/ml - 34%; 10 to 20 ng/ml - 50%; and > 20 ng/ml - 87.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our results, we recommend delaying the 1st repeat biopsy at low PSA range but to have a shorter interval to repeat biopsies at intermediate and higher PSA ranges.
authors.affiliation: Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK. parassingh@btinternet.com
authors.forename: Paras B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Narasimhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ragavan
authors.forename: Rosemary A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Blades
authors.forename: Francis L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Shyam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Matanhelia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen