title: Predictors and prognostic significance of operative complications in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent hepatic resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The morbidity rate of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains high. To clarify predictors and the prognostic significance of operative complications in patients with HCC, we conducted a comparative retrospective analysis of 291 patients with HCC who underwent hepatic resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operative complications included hyperbilirubinemia, ascites, hemorrhage, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, bile leakage and abscess formation, renal failure, wound infection, and pleural effusion. Predictors of operative complications and their prognostic value for long-term survival were studied by univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality and morbidity rates were 7.2% and 42.6%. The main operative complications were ascites (n = 30), intraabdominal abscess (n = 25), hyperbilirubinemia (n = 19), wound infection (n = 16), pleural effusion (n = 10) and intraabdominal hemorrhage (n=9). By a multivariate logistic regression model, Child-Pugh class B and increased operative blood loss (> or = 1200ml) were independent predictors of postoperative complications. Among 243 patients without operative death, the 5-year overall survival rate was significantly lower in patients with operative complications (34.3%) than in those without these complications (48.7%). By the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, the presence of operative complications was an independent predictor of poor overall survival as well as presence of portal invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Child-Pugh class B and operative blood loss > or = 1200ml were independent predictors of complications after hepatic resection for HCC. Long-term survival is poorer in patients with postoperative complications. Decreasing operative blood loss may result in fewer postoperative complications and better long-term survival of HCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki 889-1301, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate