title: Practice location choice by new physicians: the importance of malpractice premiums, damage caps, and health professional shortage area designation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the factors affecting the choice of initial practice location by new physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  A unique survey of exiting medical residents in New York State from 1998 to 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimate conditional logit models to examine the factors affecting the choice of initial practice location by new physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identify all physicians completing their training in obstetrics/gynecology or surgery and primary care physicians (PCPs) (general internal medicine, pediatrics, and family medicine) who had accepted a job in patient care and who provided the location (zip code) of their job. This resulted in 3,758 physicians in our sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicate that malpractice insurance premiums are a significant deterrent for surgeons, but they do not appear to deter OB/GYNs or PCPs from locating in particular areas. In addition, caps on malpractice damage awards attract surgeons to areas. Shortage area designations attract PCPs without education debt yet deter PCPs with debt, suggesting that subsidies do not outweigh the perceived costs of locating in underserved areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general our results highlight that new physicians are sensitive to the characteristics of the locations in which they could potentially locate when beginning their careers in patient care.
authors.affiliation: State Health Access Data Assistance Center, Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, and Minnesota Population Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Chiu-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lo Sasso
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007351:Insurance, Liability / Q000191:economics; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008318:Malpractice / Q000191:economics; D008507:Medically Underserved Area; D009518:New York; D011365:Professional Practice Location / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*