title: Childhood trauma and risk for past and future suicide attempts among women in prison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether childhood trauma is an independent risk factor for past suicide attempts and the future likelihood of attempts among women in prison.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of 247 women incarcerated in a state prison in Las Vegas, Nevada, completed a confidential interview that included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory, standard measures of illicit drug use, and the revised Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression models were developed to evaluate the independent influence of cumulative childhood trauma on past suicide attempts with intent to die and the future likelihood of suicide attempts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Childhood trauma was frequently reported by female prisoners: emotional abuse (58%), physical abuse (54%), sexual abuse (51%), emotional neglect (53%), and physical neglect (41%). Factors independently associated with past suicide attempts included having a higher childhood trauma score (p < .001), a higher psychological distress score (p=.005), and longer duration of current incarceration (> or =5 years; p=.003). Childhood trauma (p=.05), psychological distress (p < .001), and lack of legal employment before incarceration (p=.05) were independent risk factors for future likelihood of attempting suicide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood trauma is an independent risk factor for attempted suicide among women in prison that persists into adulthood and cannot fully be attributed to psychological distress, illicit drug use, or incarceration duration. Addressing the emotional impact of childhood trauma among female prisoners may increase the effectiveness of correctional suicide prevention efforts.
authors.affiliation: University of Nevada, Reno, School of Community Health Sciences, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA. clements@unr.edu
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clements-Nolle
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolden
authors.forename: Jessey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bargmann-Losche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009505:Nevada; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult