title: Effect of APF gel application time on enamel demineralization and fluoride uptake in situ.
abstract: This in situ crossover and blind study was conducted to investigate the effect of professional acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel application time on the subsequent inhibition of enamel demineralization. During 3 phases of 28 days each, 15 volunteers wore palatal appliances containing 4 enamel blocks, which were subjected to 3 treatment groups: not treated (control) and pre-treated with APF gel for 1 or 4 min. Dental plaque was allowed to accumulate on the blocks and the appliances were immersed in 10% sucrose solution 3 times a day simulating a cariogenic challenge. After each phase, the blocks were removed to evaluate enamel demineralization and concentration of fluoride (F) remaining after the cariogenic challenge. F formed on enamel was determined in additional enamel blocks subjected only to APF gel application. APF gel was efficient in reducing enamel demineralization (p<0.05), irrespective of the application time (p>0.05). Also, the concentration of the F formed and retained on enamel was significantly higher after APF gel application (p<0.05), but the effect of time of application was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The results suggest that APF application for either 1 or 4 min is equally efficient to increase F concentration in enamel and reduce enamel demineralization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Dentistry, Dental School, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Rita Sarmiento
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Villena
authors.forename: Livia Maria Andaló
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tenuta
authors.forename: Jaime Aparecido
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cury
mesh_terms: D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000328:Adult; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005459:Fluorides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D005782:Gels; C074808:NuPro; D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides