title: Phylogenetic analysis of inflammatory bowel disease associated Escherichia coli and the fimH virulence determinant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence supports the role of adherent invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, little is known about the phylogenetic structure and origin of this group of bacteria. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and fimH sequence analysis were performed to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships between E. coli strains isolated from IBD tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six E. coli isolated from IBD patients and healthy individuals were used. MLST analysis of the adk, fumC, gyrB, icd, mdh, purA, and recA housekeeping genes was performed. The fimH gene was also sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Biochemical profiling of strains were performed using the API 20 E system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MLST analysis distinguished 9 new alleles and 11 new sequence types, nearly all of which belonged to IBD isolates. E. coli isolated from IBD patients were more likely to be grouped into separate clonal clusters by eBURST analysis of allelic profiles (P = 0.02). Sequencing of fimH placed putative AIEC strains into the same cluster with the uro-pathogenic E. coli CFT073 and the avian-pathogenic E. coli O1:K1:H7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MLST analysis suggested that E. coli isolated from IBD patients did not evolve from a unique ancestral background. Together with the fimH sequence we conclude that AIEC represent a group of bacteria that have been able to take advantage of an "IBD microenvironment" and likely shares common genes with extraintestinal pathogens like uro-pathogenic CFT073 and avian-pathogenic O1:K1:H7 E. coli. Future research should focus on genes that are unique to AIEC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Shadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sepehri
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kotlowski
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Denis O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Krause
mesh_terms: D018830:Adhesins, Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D001706:Biopsy; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010802:Phylogeny; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D018830:Adhesins, Escherichia coli; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C058769:fimH protein, E coli; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins