title: Are glucocorticoids a consistent risk factor for infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients under treatment with methotrexate and etanercept?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of infections in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), treated with an anti-TNFalpha blocker during one year follow-up. The aim of the study was focused to evaluate the number of infectious episodes in two groups of patients treated with etanercept (ETN) plus methotrexate (MTX) or ETN plus MTX and glucocorticoid drugs (GCs/prednisone) for a 12 months period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine out of 122 RA patients treated with an anti-TNFalpha drug (ETN) were included in an outpatient control system within the Immunology Department Sapienza-University of Rome-II; School of Medicine. RA patients were studied during the first year after ETN introduction. Particularly 20 RA patients have been included in a subgroup. For these 20 patients infections have been monitored for 2 years: 12 months before and 12 months after ETN treatment starting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to drugs administration protocols, after a careful screening aiming to exclude latent tuberculosis infection, 20 patients have been treated with ETN (10 of them received treatment in association to MTX, while 10 were given a GCs therapy plus MTX). During the one-year ETN treatment period, 7 infections have been described in the group treated with ETN, MTX and GCs and no infection in the group treated with ETN and MTX. After analysing the infection number in the two groups of patients, in the year preceding biological treatment no significant change arose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of infections in subjects treated with the biological drug ETN is well known. Our data show that after one year therapy the [ETN+MTX+GCs] group is marked by a greater frequency of infectious episodes compared to the subjects treated with ETN plus MTX. Therefore, the additional infectious risk appears to be related to steroid therapy itself, though infections were not serious.
authors.affiliation: II School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, A.O. Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy. luziglobal@hotmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luzi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laganà
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salemi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Rosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D000068800:Etanercept; D008727:Methotrexate