title: The use of an upper-limb-artery approach and long sheaths in splanchnic angiography and interventional procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prolonged bed-rest required achieving hemostasis after splanchnic angiography and interventional procedures can be avoided if the upper limb arteries are used. In such procedures, the use of long sheaths capable of reaching the descending aorta may be advantageous.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the results of procedures that utilizes an upper-limb-artery approach and long sheaths.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty-two patients with a mean age of 64 years underwent splanchnic angiography and interventional procedures via an upper limb artery using a long sheath (85 cm, 4-French). Repeat examinations were performed on 48 patients and the total number of examinations was 296. The records of these 296 examinations were reviewed and the success rate and complications were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 295 of 296 (99.7%) examinations were successful, and one (0.3%) failed. Complications and side effects occurred in six cases (2.0%), a painful sheath manipulation occurred in two examinations (0.7%), and arterial occlusion (including temporary occlusion), hematoma of the puncture site, and pseudoaneurysm occurred in two (0.7%), one (0.3%), and one (0.3%) patient, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a long sheath capable of reaching the descending aorta enables the performance of splanchnic angiography and interventional procedures via the upper limb arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimohira
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Omiya
authors.forename: Hirochika
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome