title: Elevated blood pressure, obesity, and hyperlipidemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of blood pressure elevation with body mass index (BMI) and total cholesterol levels in children who screened positive for proteinuria, glucosuria, and/or hamaturia.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1992 to 2000, a mass urine screening program was conducted annually for nearly 3,000,000 students aged 6 to 18 years. Of 99,350 students with positive results on urine tests, further examination found 17,548 students (17.7%) had blood pressure elevation. A case-control analysis was performed with randomly selected subjects with normal blood pressure who were frequency matched by sex and age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adjusted odds ratio for blood pressure elevation in obese students was 3.45 (95% CI, 3.20-3.72), compared with students of normal weight. The odds ratio for blood pressure elevation increased to 6.15 (95% CI, 4.12-9.18) for students with a total cholesterol level > or =250 mg/dL and obesity, compared with students with a total cholesterol level <200 mg/dL and normal weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found a high prevalence of elevated blood pressure in children with abnormal urinalysis results, with a strong association with BMI and total cholesterol level.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Ta-Chen
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Kuo-Liong
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Jou-Kou
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chuan-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Chau-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ruey S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yuan-Teh
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Fung-Chang
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006029:Glycosuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D006417:Hematuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D003404:Creatinine