title: Sickness presenteeism today, sickness absenteeism tomorrow? A prospective study on sickness presenteeism and future sickness absenteeism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively investigate whether sickness presenteeism (SP), ie, going to work despite illness, has an impact on future sickness absenteeism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two study populations were used, one female dominated from the public sector that included 3757 employees, and one male dominated from the private sector comprising 2485 employees.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SP on more than five occasions during the baseline year (2000) was a statistically significant risk factor for future sick leave (2002 and 2003) of more than 30 days among both populations even after adjusting for previous sick leave, health status, demographics, lifestyle, and work-related variables (2002, public sector, relative risk = 1.40; private sector, relative risk = 1.51).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SP may be an important phenomenon to consider when evaluating measures aimed at decreasing sickness absenteeism because more SP may lead to future sickness absence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Intervention and Implementation Research, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE - 171 77, Sweden. gunnar. bergstrom@ki.se
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bodin
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagberg
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aronsson
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Josephson
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden