title: GSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms and risk of oral cancer: a case-control study in Jakarta, Indonesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to investigate genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP1A1 and the association with the risk of oral cancer in the Jakarta population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 81 cases and 162 controls matched for age and sex were selected from 5 hospitals in Jakarta. Sociodemographic data using questionnaires were obtained and peripheral blood samples were collected with informed consent for PCR-RFLP assay. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the association between the risk of oral cancer and GSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSTM1 and GSTT1 null were slightly overrepresented among cases (60.5% and 45.7% respectively) compared to controls (55.6% and 41.4% respectively), but no statistically significant differences were observed. In contrast, the distribution of CYP1A1 polymorphism was higher among controls compared to cases (52.5 % versus 42.4 %). The odds ratio of null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes was slightly higher compared to wild type genotypes (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.70-2.02 and OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.72-2.05 respectively). Furthermore, the presence of CYP1A1 polymorphism did not increase the risk of oral cancer (OR 0.70, 95% 0.39-1.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP1A1 may not be risk factors for oral cancer in the Jakarta population.
authors.affiliation: Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. rahmi_amtha@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rahmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amtha
authors.forename: Cheong Sok
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ching
authors.forename: Rosnah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zain
authors.forename: Ishak Abdul
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Razak
authors.forename: Bastaman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Basuki
authors.forename: Boedi Oetomo
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Roeslan
authors.forename: Walta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gautama
authors.forename: Denny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Purwanto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001114:Areca; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012907:Smoking; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1