title: Cost-effectiveness of adalimumab for the maintenance of remission in patients with Crohn's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adalimumab is a fully human, monoclonal antibody clinically effective for the treatment of active Crohn's disease. The cost-effectiveness of adalimumab versus conventional, nonbiologic pharmacotherapies is unknown. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of adalimumab versus conventional, nonbiologic pharmacotherapies in the maintenance of Crohn's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trial data from two randomized controlled studies [Crohn's Trial of the Fully Human Antibody Adalimumab for Remission Maintenance (CHARM) and CLinical Assessment of Adalimumab Safety and Efficacy Studied as Induction Therapy in Crohn's Disease (CLASSIC I)] were analyzed within a cost-utility framework using a 1-year horizon from the perspective of the National Health Service (UK). The treatment efficacy and use for the adalimumab arm were based on observations from CHARM. A regression model used data from CLASSIC I to predict efficacy in patients who received nonbiologic pharmacotherapy. Unit costs of drugs, hospitalization, and other medical resources were derived from the literature. Primary standard gamble-calculated data were used to derive health-utility estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with conventional, nonbiologic pharmacotherapy, adalimumab seemed to be cost-effective for the treatment of patients with severe disease and moderate-to-severe disease. The 56-week incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 16 064 UK pounds/quality-adjusted life-year and 33 731 UK pounds/quality-adjusted life-year for severe and moderate-to-severe groups, respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed that the findings were robust. In the treatment of patients over their lifetimes, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 6550 UK pounds/quality-adjusted life-year and 17 873 UK pounds/quality-adjusted life-year for patients with severe Crohn's disease and those with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adalimumab maintenance therapy seems to be cost-effective versus conventional, nonbiologic therapies for the maintenance of remission in patients with active Crohn's disease.
authors.affiliation: Miles and Shirley Fiterman Center for Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. loftus.edward@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Edward V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Loftus
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Eric Q
authors.initials: EQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jingdong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Parvez M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mulani
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012074:Remission Induction; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000068879:Adalimumab