title: Making the playfields even: evaluating the impact of an environmental intervention on park use and physical activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a need for understanding how physical environmental changes impact physical activity (PA) levels within a population. We examined visitation and PA levels in two San Francisco parks in low-income neighborhoods that underwent field renovations, one of which was part of a parks initiative to improve family and youth involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was collected in two intervention parks and a control park from May 30 to June 5, in 2006 and 2007. The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) was used, which included momentary time sampling on gender, age category, and activity level of park users accessing different sections of the park.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both intervention park playfields saw significant increases in male and female visitors, with over a 4-fold increase in the average number of visitors per observation among most age groups. For both genders, there was a significant increase in sedentary, moderately active, and vigorously active visitors to the intervention park playfields.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Park playfield renovations, with and without family and youth involvement initiatives, appear to increase visitation and overall PA.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, CA, USA. jtester@chori.org
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tester
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D019370:Observation; D011203:Poverty; D011633:Public Facilities; D011998:Recreation; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012495:San Francisco