title: The effect of levocabastine hydrochloride on human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts: inhibition of proliferation, suppression of DNA synthesis and induction of apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of levocabastine hydrochloride on the profileration, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and induction of apoptosis, in human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The maximum intoxicate concentration was determined by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase. Proliferation of fibroblasts was analyzed with a WST-1 method. DNA synthesis was examined by quantifying the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into dividing cells, and apoptosis was analyzed using an Annexin-V-FLUOS Staining Kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levocabastine hydrochloride (10(-4) M), ketotifen fumarate (3 x 10(-5) M) and tranilast (10(-4) M) significantly inhibited proliferation of fibroblasts. Levocabastine hydrochloride (10(-4) M), ketotifen fumarate (10(-4) M) and tranilast (10(-3) M) inhibited DNA synthesis and induced apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levocabastine hydrochloride inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Hamamatsu city, Japan. Ryo.Asaoka@moorfields.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asaoka
authors.forename: Tetsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagamil
authors.forename: Haogang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hotta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007665:Ketotifen / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating; D010880:Piperidines; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; D004247:DNA; C047340:levocabastine; C012293:tranilast; D007665:Ketotifen