The anti-inflammatory effect of kaempferol in aged kidney tissues: the involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB via nuclear factor-inducing kinase/IkappaB kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
Kaempferol, one of the phytoestrogens, is found in berries and Brassica and Allium species and is known to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammation effect of kaempferol in an aged animal model. To examine the effect of kaempferol in aged Sprague-Dawley rats, kaempferol was fed at 2 or 4 mg/kg/day for 10 days. The data show that kaempferol exhibited the ability to maintain redox balance. Kaempferol suppressed nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and expression of its target genes cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and regulated upon activation, and normal T-cell expressed and secreted in aged rat kidney and in tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced YPEN-1 cells. Furthermore, kaempferol suppressed the increase of the pro-inflammatory NF-kappaB cascade through modulation of nuclear factor-inducing kinase (NIK)/IkappaB kinase (IKK) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in aged rat kidney. Based on these results, we concluded that anti-oxidative kaempferol suppressed the activation of inflammatory NF-kappaB transcription factor through NIK/IKK and MAPKs in aged rat kidney.
Park
Min Ju
MJ
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Lee
Eun Kyeong
EK
Heo
Hyoung-Sam
HS
Kim
Min-Sun
MS
Sung
Bokyoung
B
Kim
Mi Kyung
MK
Lee
Jaewon
J
Kim
Nam Deuk
ND
Anton
Stephen
S
Choi
Jae Sue
JS
Yu
Byung Pal
BP
Chung
Hae Young
HY
D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D023421:Models, Animal; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide / Q000009:adverse effects
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D044949:Kaempferols; D016328:NF-kappa B; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D010936:Plant Extracts; C006552:kaempferol; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases