title: Antagonism between GLD-2 binding partners controls gamete sex.
abstract: Cytoplasmic polyadenylation is a key mechanism of gene control. In Caenorhabditis elegans, GLD-2 and GLD-3 provide the catalytic and RNA-binding subunits, respectively, of a major cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase (PAP). Here, we identify RNP-8 as a second GLD-2 partner. RNP-8 binds GLD-2 and stimulates GLD-2 activity to form a functional PAP, much like GLD-3. Moreover, GLD-2/RNP-8 and GLD-2/GLD-3 exist as separate complexes that form selectively during development, and RNP-8 and GLD-3 appear to have distinct RNA-binding specificities. Therefore, GLD-2 can form either of two discrete PAPs. In C. elegans hermaphrodites, gamete production begins with spermatogenesis and transitions later to oogenesis. We suggest that the combinatorial use of GLD-2 contributes to this transition, as GLD-2/GLD-3 promotes spermatogenesis, whereas GLD-2/RNP-8 specifies oogenesis. Indeed, RNP-8 and GLD-3 antagonize each other, as evidenced by genetic cosuppression and molecular competition for GLD-2 binding. We conclude that GLD-2 and its binding partners control gamete identity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Kyung Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nykamp
authors.forename: Nayoung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bachorik
authors.forename: Liaoteng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kimble
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000502:physiology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development; D005718:Gametogenesis; D011062:Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C469731:GLD-3 protein, C elegans; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C541033:RNP-8 protein, C elegans; C491056:GLD-2 protein, C elegans; D011062:Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase