title: Gentamicin-induced preconditioning of proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells stimulates nitric oxide production but not the synthesis of heat shock protein.
abstract: Nephrotoxicity is the main side effect of antibiotics such as gentamicin. Preconditioning has been reported to protect against injuries as ischemia/reperfusion. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of preconditioning with gentamicin on LLC-PK1 cells. Preconditioning was induced in LLC-PK1 cells by 24-h exposure to 2.0 mM gentamicin (G/IU). After 4 or 15 days of preconditioning, cells were again exposed to gentamicin (2.0 mM) and compared to untreated control or G/IU cells. Necrosis and apoptosis were assessed by acridine orange and HOESCHT 33346. Nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 were assessed by the Griess method and available kit. Heat shock proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. After 15 days of preconditioning, LLC-PK1 cells exhibited a significant decrease in necrosis (23.5 +/- 4.3 to 6.5 +/- 0.3%) and apoptosis (23.5 +/- 4.3 to 6.5 +/- 2.1%) and an increase in cell proliferation compared to G/IU. NO (0.177 +/- 0.05 to 0.368 +/- 0.073 microg/mg protein) and endothelin-1 (1.88 +/- 0.47 to 2.75 +/- 0.53 pg/mL) production significantly increased after 15 days of preconditioning compared to G/IU. No difference in inducible HSP 70, constitutive HSC 70 or HSP 90 synthesis in tubular cells was observed after preconditioning with gentamicin. The present data suggest that preconditioning with gentamicin has protective effects on proximal tubular cells, that involved NO synthesis but not reduction of endothelin-1 or production of HSP 70, HSC 70, or HSP 90. We conclude that preconditioning could be a useful tool to prevent the nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin.
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Convento
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019332:Endothelin-1; D005839:Gentamicins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide