title: High prevalence of impaired glucose homeostasis and myopathy in asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic 3243A>G mitochondrial DNA mutation-positive subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The point mutation of 3243A>G mtDNA is the most frequent cause of mitochondrial diabetes, often presenting as the syndrome maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD). The mutation may also cause myopathy, ataxia, strokes, ophthalmoplegia, epilepsy, and cardiomyopathy in various combinations. Consequently, it is difficult to predict the "phenotypic risk profile" of 3243A>G mutation-positive subjects. The 3243A>G mutation coexists in cells with wild-type mtDNA, a phenomenon called heteroplasmy. The marked variability in mutation loads in different tissues is the main explanation for the different phenotypes associated with this mutation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to screen asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic 3243A>G mtDNA carriers for diabetes and myopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is a case-control study. Nineteen adult 3243A>G carriers presumed to be normoglycemic and matched healthy controls were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test. Twenty-six adult 3243A>G carriers with unknown myopathy status and 17 healthy controls had a maximal cycle test and a muscle biopsy performed. The mutation loads were quantified in blood and muscle biopsies and correlated to the clinical manifestations of the mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the presumed normoglycemic 3243A>G-positive subjects, one subject had overt diabetes, and 10 subjects had impaired glucose tolerance. Sixteen of the 26 subjects with unknown oxidative capacity fulfilled criteria for myopathy. The mutation load in blood and muscle correlated with the age for diagnosis of impaired glucose homeostasis and hearing impairment (rho = -0.71 to -0.78; P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that 3243A>G mutation carriers should be screened for diabetes and myopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Ribe County Hospital, Esbjerg, Finsensgade 35, Esbjerg, Denmark. anja.frederiksen@ouh.regionsyddanmark.dk
authors.forename: Anja Lisbeth
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Frederiksen
authors.forename: Tina Dysgaard
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Jeppesen
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vissing
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Kirsten Ohm
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Kyvik
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Per Løgstrup
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: Per Heden
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000235:genetics; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial