title: Effectiveness of an intensive multidisciplinary headache treatment program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if the effectiveness of a 96-hour multidisciplinary headache treatment program exceeds the effectiveness of a 20-hour program and primary care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  When dealing with chronic back pain, low-intensity multidisciplinary treatment yields no significantly better results than standard care and monodisciplinary therapy; however, high-intensity treatment does. For multidisciplinary headache treatment, such comparisons are not yet available. In a previous study undertaken by our Pain Center, the outcome of a minimal multidisciplinary intervention model (20-hour) did not exceed primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients suffering from frequent headaches (20 +/- 9 headache days/month; range: 8-30) were treated and evaluated in a 96-hour group program. The results were compared with the outcomes of the previous study. Subjects who had undergone either the 20-hour multidisciplinary program or the primary care were used as historical control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant reduction in migraine days (P < .001), tension-type headache days (P < .001), frequency of migraine attacks (P = .004), and depression score (P < .001) was seen at the follow-up after 22 (+/-2) weeks. Comparing the intensive multidisciplinary program with primary care, repeated measures ANOVAs revealed significant time x group interactions for migraine days (P = .020), tension-type headache days (P = .016), and frequency of migraine attacks (P = .016). In comparison with the 20-hour multidisciplinary program, the 96-hour program showed significantly better effects only in the reduction of migraine days (P = .037) and depression score (P = .003). The responder-rates (> or =50% improvement) in the 96-hour program were significantly higher than in the 20-hour program (migraine days, P = .008; tension-type headache days, P = .044) and primary care (migraine days, P = .007; tension-type headache days, P = .003; tension-type headache intensity, P = .037). The effect sizes were small to medium in the 96-hour program. Particularly with the reduction of migraine symptomatology, the 96-hour program performed better than the 20-hour program, which produced only negligible or small effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensive multidisciplinary headache treatment is highly effective for patients with chronic headaches. Furthermore, migraine symptomatology responds especially well to this intensive treatment program, whereas effects on tension-type headaches were realized by both multidisciplinary programs. Randomized controlled trials and subgroup analysis are needed to find out if these results can be replicated and which patient characteristics allow for sufficient improvements for headache sufferers even with less complex treatment.
authors.affiliation: The Pain Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, Erlangen D-91054, Germany.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gunreben-Stempfle
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Griessinger
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muehlhans
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sittl
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ulrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018710:Pain Clinics; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult