title: Improved survival in metastatic colorectal cancer is associated with adoption of hepatic resection and improved chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fluorouracil/leucovorin as the sole therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) provides an overall survival of 8 to 12 months. With an increase in surgical resections of metastatic disease and development of new chemotherapies, indirect evidence suggests that outcomes for patients are improving in the general population, although the incremental gain has not yet been quantified.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of patients newly diagnosed with metastatic CRC treated at two academic centers from 1990 through 2006. Landmark analysis evaluated the association of diagnosis year and liver resection with overall survival. Additional survival analysis of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database evaluated a similar population from 1990 through 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two thousand four hundred seventy patients with metastatic CRC at diagnosis received their primary treatment at the two institutions during this time period. Median overall survival for those patients diagnosed from 1990 to 1997 was 14.2 months, which increased to 18.0, 18.6, and 29.3 months for patients diagnosed in 1998 to 2000, 2001 to 2003, and 2004 to 2006, respectively. Likewise, 5-year overall survival increased from 9.1% in the earliest time period to 19.2% in 2001 to 2003. Improved outcomes from 1998 to 2004 were a result of an increase in hepatic resection, which was performed in 20% of the patients. Improvements from 2004 to 2006 were temporally associated with increased utilization of new chemotherapeutics. In the SEER registry, overall survival for the 49,459 identified patients also increased in the most recent time period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Profound improvements in outcome in metastatic CRC seem to be associated with the sequential increase in the use of hepatic resection in selected patients (1998 to 2006) and advancements in medical therapy (2004 to 2006).
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. skopetz@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kopetz
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Overman
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sargent
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grothey
authors.forename: Jean-Nicolas
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Vauthey
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nagorney
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: McWilliams
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002423:Cause of Death; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome