title: Intelligence and medial temporal lobe function in older adults: a functional MR imaging-based investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The influence of general intelligence and formal education on functional MR imaging (fMRI) activation has not been thoroughly studied in older adults. Although these factors could be controlled for through study design, this approach makes sample selection more difficult and reduces power. This study was undertaken to examine our hypothesis that intelligence and education would impact medial temporal lobe (MTL) fMRI responses to an episodic memory task in healthy elderly subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six women and 38 men, 50-83 years of age (mean, 63.4 +/- 7.9 years), completed an auditory paired-associates paradigm in a 1.5T magnet. The amplitude and volume of fMRI activation for both the right and left MTLs and MTL subregions were correlated with the intelligence quotients (IQs) and educational levels by using Pearson correlation coefficient tests and regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants' mean estimated full scale IQ and verbal IQ scores were 110.4 +/- 7.6 (range, 92-123) and 108.9 +/- 8.7 (range, 88-123), respectively. The years of education showed a mean of 16.1 +/- 3.2 years (range, 8-25 years). The paradigm produced significant activation in the MTL and subregions. However, the volume and amplitude of activation were unrelated to either IQ or years of schooling in men and/or women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no evidence of an effect of IQ or education on either the volume or amplitude of fMRI activation, suggesting that these factors do not necessarily need to be incorporated into study design or considered when evaluating other group relationships with fMRI.
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. dyousem1@jhu.edu
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Yousem
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yassa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cristinzio
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kusevic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Caffo
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bassett
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*