title: The influence of fear of falling on gait and balance in older people.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  fear of falling (FoF) has great impact on functioning and quality of life of older people, but its effects on gait and balance are largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  we examined FoF in 100 participants aged >or=75 years, using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale. Participants with a mean score <67% were assigned to the FoF group. We quantified gait and balance during walking at the preferred velocity with and without a cognitive dual task (arithmetic task and verbal fluency), using an electronic walkway (Gaitrite) and a trunk accelerometer (SwayStar). Primary outcome measures were gait velocity, stride-length and stride-time variability, as well as mediolateral angular displacement and velocity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  gait velocity was significantly lower (P < 0.05) and stride-length and stride-time variability were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the FoF group. However, after standardisation for gait velocity, differences became non-significant. Mediolateral angular displacement and velocity were not associated with FoF. We found no difference between the FoF and no-FoF group with respect to the dual-task effect on gait and balance variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the lower gait velocity in the FoF group may be a useful adaptation to optimise balance, rather than a sign of decreased balance control. The ability to attend to a secondary task during walking is not influenced by FoF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands. M.Reelick@ger.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Miriam F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reelick
authors.forename: Marianne B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: van Iersel
authors.forename: Roy P C
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kessels
authors.forename: Marcel G M Olde
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rikkert
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D003071:Cognition; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016138:Walking