title: Antioxidant and cognitive promotion effects of anthocyanin-rich mulberry (Morus atropurpurea L.) on senescence-accelerated mice and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: In the present study, we evaluated the beneficial effect of mulberry extracts (ME), which are rich in phenolics and anthocyanins, on the induction of antioxidant enzymes and on the promotion of cognition in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP). Six-month old SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.18% and 0.9% ME for consecutive 12 weeks. The results showed that the mice fed the ME supplement demonstrated significantly less amyloid beta protein and showed improved learning and memory ability in avoidance response tests. ME-treated mice showed a higher antioxidant enzyme activity and less lipid oxidation in both the brain and liver, as compared to the control mice. Furthermore, treatment with ME decreased the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride and total cholesterol that increase with ageing. The hepatoprotective effect of ME appeared to occur through a mechanism related to regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and activation of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2, where the latter regulates the induction of phase 2 antioxidant enzymes and reduction of oxidative damage. Overall, supplementation of ME might be advantageous to the induction of an antioxidant defense system and for the improvement of memory deterioration in ageing animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ping-Hsiao
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Yin-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Jiunn-Wang
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Ming-Fu
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gow-Chin
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000378:metabolism; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D031625:Morus / Q000737:chemistry*; D050983:NF-E2 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D028421:Isoprostanes; D008055:Lipids; D050983:NF-E2 Transcription Factor; D010936:Plant Extracts