title: Association between white matter ischaemia and carotid plaque morphology as defined by high-resolution in vivo MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both carotid plaque morphology and severity of white matter ischaemia (WMI) have been shown to be independent predictors of stroke risk. This study tests the hypothesis that there is an association between carotid plaque morphology as determined by high-resolution carotid MRI and WMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients (80 arteries) with at least 40% stenosis on screening Doppler ultrasound were recruited and underwent high-resolution axial carotid MRI at 1.5 T. In a blinded manner, plaque characteristics such as lipid core, fibrous cap, intraplaque haemorrhage, lumen area, plaque area, and American Heart Association (AHA) classification were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. The severity of WMI was independently quantified using a modified Scheltens score based on standard brain Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery. Linear mixed effect models were used to test if carotid plaque characteristics could independently predict severity of WMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertension (p=0.005) and previous a history of transient ischaemic attack or stroke (p=0.038) were found to be significant predictors of severity of WMI. After accounting for confounding variables, no significant association was found between the modified Scheltens score and lipid core size (p=0.122), fibrous cap status (p=0.991), intraplaque haemorrhage (p=0.708), plaque area (0.835), lumen area (0.371) or an AHA Type VI complex plaque (p=0.195).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carotid plaque morphology as defined by MRI does not independently predict severity of WMI.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. ajp@radiol.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: U-King-Im
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Scoffings
authors.forename: S P S
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Howarth
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gillard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler