title: Phase I study of oral lenalidomide in patients with refractory metastatic cancer.
abstract: Objectives of this study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose and to characterize the side effect profile and pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. Patients were treated on a modified Fibronacci dose escalation scheme with an oral daily dose of lenalidomide. A total of 45 patients with 8 different tumor types were accrued. Doses administered included 5, 10, and 20 mg continuous daily doses, every 28 days (n = 15), later modified to intermittent doses of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 mg, with a 21 days-on and 7 days-off schedule, due to observed side effects. Lenalidomide exhibited a linear pharmacokinetics over a wide range of doses with the mean half-life of 3.9 hours. The renal function affected lenalidomide clearance, resulting in 50% reduction in patients with mild renal impairment compared with patients with normal function (CL/F = 243 mL/min). Stable disease was documented in 12 of 44 evaluable patients, of whom 9 patients had prostate cancer. Most frequent grade 1 and 2 toxicities included fatigue, nausea, pruritus/rash, neutropenia, and neuropathy. Grade 3/4 events were predominantly hematologic. Lenalidomide was well tolerated up to a 35-mg/d intermittent dosing schedule at doses higher than previously indicated for hematologic malignancies.
authors.affiliation: PharmD, MBA, Medical Oncology Branch, Building 10/Room 5A01, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Dahut
authors.forename: Jeanny B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Aragon-Ching
authors.forename: Sukyung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Tanyifor M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Tohnya
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gulley
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Arlen
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Jurgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ventiz
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Figg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D013792:Thalidomide; D000077269:Lenalidomide