title: Diagnostic value of immature neutrophils (bands) in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the diagnostic utility of the presence and number of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bands in distinguishing bacterial from aseptic meningitis among children with CSF pleocytosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified retrospectively a cohort of children 29 days to 19 years of age with CSF pleocytosis (> or =10 x 10(6) leukocytes per L) who were treated in the emergency departments of 8 pediatric centers between January 2001 and June 2004 and whose CSF was evaluated for the presence of bands. We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses to determine the ability of CSF bands to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1116 children whose CSF was evaluated for the presence of bands, 48 children (4% of study patients) had bacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis, compared with aseptic meningitis, was associated with a greater CSF band proportion (0.03 vs 0.01; difference: 0.02; 95% confidence interval: 0.00-0.04) and CSF absolute band count (392 x 10(6) cells per L vs 3 x 10(6) cells per L; difference: 389 x 10(6) cells per L; 95% confidence interval: -77 x 10(6) cells per L to 855 x 10(6) cells per L). In addition, 29% of patients with bacterial meningitis, compared with 18% of patients with aseptic meningitis, had any bands detected in the CSF. After adjustment for other factors associated with bacterial meningitis, however, CSF band presence, CSF absolute band count, and CSF band proportion were not independently associated with bacterial meningitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this multicenter study, neither the presence nor quantity of CSF bands independently predicted bacterial meningitis among children with CSF pleocytosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, MC 5075, San Diego, CA 92123, USA. jkanegaye@rchsd.org
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kanegaye
authors.forename: Lise E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Nigrovic
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malley
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cannavino
authors.forename: Sandra H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mohseni
authors.forename: Vincent J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yiannis L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Katsogridakis
authors.forename: Martin I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuppermann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008582:Meningitis, Aseptic / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D055815:Young Adult