title: Effect of dietary chromium picolinate on growth performance and blood parameters in grass carp fingerling, Ctenopharyngodon idellus.
abstract: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary chromium picolinate supplement on growth and haematology parameters of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Six diets with increasing dietary chromium picolinate levels 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg kg(-1) were fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial weight of 12.78 +/- 1.16 g, mean +/- SD) in a flow water system for 10 weeks. Fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.8 mg Cr kg(-1) had significantly improved weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein retention (PR). Fish fed high-chromium diets exhibited lower whole-body crude lipid contents than fish fed low-chromium diets. Liver glycogen concentrations for fish fed the diet with 0.2 mg Cr kg(-1) was the highest (77.67 mg g(-1)). Fish fed the diet supplemented with 1.6 and 3.2 mg Cr kg(-1) had significantly lower liver glycogen concentrations than other groups (P < 0.05). The highest serum insulin concentrations were observed in fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.8 mg Cr kg(-1), but serum insulin concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) when dietary supplementation of chromium was higher than 0.8 mg Cr kg(-1). Cholesterol concentrations decreased in direct proportion to dietary chromium level and achieved the lowest level when the fish were fed the 0.8 mg Cr kg(-1) diet, but increased when the fish were fed the diet with more than 0.8 mg Cr kg(-1) (P < 0.05). Fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.8 mg Cr kg(-1) had higher triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations compared to other treatments. The results of the present study suggested that chromium picolinate could modify serum carbohydrate and lipid metabolism profile, and that the optimal dietary chromium level was 0.8 mg kg(-1) for grass carp according to growth.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Aquaculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 41, Jianghan Road, 434000, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China.|College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tailiang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Aquaculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 41, Jianghan Road, 434000, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China. wenhua.hb@163.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Aquaculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 41, Jianghan Road, 434000, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Danning
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yujiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Aquaculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 41, Jianghan Road, 434000, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Aquaculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 41, Jianghan Road, 434000, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods*; D002347:Carps / Q000097:blood* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D010848:Picolinic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D010848:Picolinic Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D006003:Glycogen; D002784:Cholesterol; C030614:picolinic acid