The guideline "consultation psychiatry" of the Netherlands Psychiatric Association.
BACKGROUND
In 2008, the Netherlands Psychiatric Association authorized a guideline "consultation psychiatry."


OBJECTIVE
To set a standard for psychiatric consultations in nonpsychiatric settings. The main objective of the guideline is to answer three questions: Is psychiatric consultation effective and, if so, which forms are most effective? How should a psychiatric consultations be performed? What increases adherence to recommendations given by the consulting psychiatrist?


METHODS
Systematic literature review.


RESULTS
Both in general practice and in hospital settings psychiatric consultation is effective. In primary care, the effectiveness of psychiatric consultation is almost exclusively studied in the setting of "collaborative care." Procedural guidance is given on how to perform a psychiatric consultation. In this guidance, psychiatric consultation is explicitly looked upon as a complex activity that requires a broad frame of reference and adequate medical and pharmacological expertise and experience and one that should be performed by doctors. Investing in a good relation with the general practitioner, and the use of a "consultation letter" increased efficacy in general practice. In the hospital setting, investing in liaison activities and an active psychiatric follow-up of consultations increased adherence to advice.


CONCLUSIONS
Psychiatric consultations are effective and constitute a useful contribution to the patients' treatment. With setting a standard consultations will become more transparent and checkable. It is hoped that this will increase the quality of consultation psychiatry.
Leentjens
Albert F G
AF
Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands. a.leentjens@np.unimaas.nl
Boenink
Annette D
AD
Sno
Herman N
HN
Strack van Schijndel
Rob J M
RJ
van Croonenborg
Joyce J
JJ
van Everdingen
Jannes J E
JJ
van der Feltz-Cornelis
Christina M
CM
van der Laan
Niels C
NC
van Marwijk
Harm
H
van Os
Titus W D P
TW
D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D009426:Netherlands; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000379:methods*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012955:Societies, Medical