Targeting sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor type 1 receptors in acute kidney injury.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate analogs have a multitude of effects with the best characterized one being mediated through sphingosine 1-phosphate type 1 receptors (S1P1 receptor). Currently, S1P1 receptor agonists are being developed and tested for human disease. Because of the potent effect of S1P1 agonists to modulate the immune system, these compounds are ideal for blocking immune mechanisms that mediate acute kidney injury (AKI). This disorder continues to remain an important disease that is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Currently there are no FDA approved drugs for the treatment of AKI. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanism of AKI due to ischemia-reperfusion and early studies that target S1P1 receptors for the treatment and prevention of AKI.
Okusa
Mark D
MD
Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Lynch
Kevin R
KR