title: Ridge augmentation and maxillary sinus grafting with a biphasic calcium phosphate: histologic and histomorphometric observations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective study reports on histologic and histomorphometric observations performed on human biopsies harvested from sites augmented exclusively by biphasic calcium phosphate [BCP: hydroxyapatite (HA)/ tricalcium phosphate (TCP) 60/40] and healed for a minimum of 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients benefited from three augmentation regimens (i.e.: one-stage lateral augmentation; two-stage lateral augmentation; and two-stage sinus grafting). In all patients, a degradable collagen membrane served as a cell-occlusive barrier. Core biopsies were obtained from lateral as from crestal aspects 6-10 months after augmentation surgeries. For histologic and histomorphometric evaluations, the non-decalcified tissue processing was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histological examination of 11 biopsies showed graft particles frequently being bridged by the new bone, and a close contact between the graft particles and newly formed bone was seen in all samples. The mean percentages of newly formed bone, soft tissue compartment, and graft material were 38.8% (+/-5.89%), 41.75% (+/-6.08%), and 19.63% (+/-4.85%), respectively. Regarding bone-to-graft contact values, the percentage of bone coverage of graft particles for all biopsies ranged from 27.83% to 80.17%. The mean percentage of bone coverage was 55.39% (+/-13.03%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from the present study demonstrated osteoconductivity scores for the BCP material (HA/TCP 60/40) in patients resembling those previously shown for grafting materials of xenogenic and alloplastic origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, CharitéCenter 3, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. anton.friedmann@charite.de
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friedmann
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dard
authors.forename: Bernd-Michael
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kleber
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bernimoulin
authors.forename: Dieter D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bosshardt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003094:Collagen; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013499:Surface Properties; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D015921:Dental Implants; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite; C018392:tricalcium phosphate