title: Evaluation of the wash resistance of three types of manufactured insecticidal nets in comparison to conventionally treated nets.
abstract: The present study evaluated the efficacy and wash resistance of several commercial deltamethrin-treated nets (PermaNet, from factory (PN-F) and market (PN-M), Yorkool (Y) and AZ net) that were claimed by the manufacturers to be Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets (LLITNs), compared to ITNs conventionally treated with deltamethrin (23-27 mg/m(2), using one K-O Tab tablet (KO) per net). Montpellier washing technique was used for washing the pieces of the nets. Insecticidal activity was assessed on dried pieces of nets after 0, 2, 5, 8, 11, 15, 18 and 21 washes, using two types of bioassay (mean median knock down times and mortality 24 h after a 3-min exposure) and reared female Anopheles stephensi. To evaluate the effect of heat on diffusion of insecticide from inside of the nets to the surface of them, some Permanet nets were heated. For all the types of nets tested the median knock down time (MKDT) increased approximately linearly with number of washes. The slopes of the lines (increase of MKDT per wash) were low with the PN-F and PN-M, intermediate with Y and equally high with KO and AZ. No significant differences can be claimed with the 3-min exposure tests. The slopes of the regression lines did not differ significantly between the heated and unheated samples. It is concluded that diffusion at ambient temperature is fast enough to rapidly compensate for the loss of insecticide on the surface with no need to artificially stimulate diffusion by heating.
authors.affiliation: Disease Control and Vector Biology unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK. kayedi78@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Mohammad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kayedi
authors.forename: Jo D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lines
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Haghdoost
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects*; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D005260:Female; D006796:Household Work; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011482:Protective Devices; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin