title: Gender differences in acute ischemic stroke: etiology, stroke patterns and response to thrombolysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differences between women and men in relation to stroke are increasingly being recognized.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2004 until June 2007, 237 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients were treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) within 3 hours after onset of symptoms in our stroke unit. Baseline characteristics, etiology, CT/MRI stroke patterns, clinical outcome, and complications of women were compared to those of men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 237 AIS patients (mean age 70.7 years), 111 (46.8%) were women and 126 (53.2%) were men. Women were older (P=0.001), but history of hyperlipidemia (P=0.03), smoking (P=0.03), and coronary heart disease (P<0.001) was less frequent than in men. Internal carotid artery disease occurred more often in men (P=0.02), whereas atrial fibrillation was observed more often in women (P=0.002). In men borderzone/small embolic and lacunar stroke was found more frequently (39.7 versus 27.2%), whereas women showed a higher percentage of large territorial stroke (72.8 versus 60.3%, P=0.09). Baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores (12.5 versus 11.3), NIHSS score at discharge (11.0 versus 9.5), 3-month-outcome modified Rankin Scale score, thrombolysis-related (17.1% versus 13.5%) or independent complications (32.4% versus 30.2%), and mortality after 3 months (13.5% versus 9.5%) were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences of stroke lesion patterns in genders are paralleled by differences in etiology and risk factor profiles (women, cardioembolism; men, large and small vessel disease). Baseline characteristics, rates of rtPA-related and independent complications, as well as clinical outcomes were not different between women and men with AIS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. foerster@neuro.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Förster
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gass
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Marc E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ottomeyer
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zohsel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hennerici
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szabo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator