title: Mucosal addressin cell-adhesion molecule-1 controls plasma-cell migration and function in the small intestine of mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Immunoglobulin (Ig) A secretion into the intestinal lumen is an important immune mechanism of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. B cells proliferate and differentiate into IgA-secreting plasma cells (PC) within lymphoid organs then migrate directly into the intestinal lamina propria. We aimed to elucidate the in vivo role of the mucosal addressin cell-adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), which is constitutively expressed in the GI-associated lymphoid tissue, in B-cell migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We generated MAdCAM-1-deficient mice (MAdCAM(Delta)) and evaluated the B-cell compartment of the GI-associated lymphoid tissue. We also assessed PC migration to the small intestine and the intestinal immune response after oral immunization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In MAdCAM(Delta) mice, the size of Peyer's patches was drastically reduced, compared with that of wild-type mice; this difference was detectable by 3 days after birth, indicating that MAdCAM-1 is dispensable for embryonic Peyer's patch development but mediates recruitment of lymphocytes into this lymphoid organ at later stages. Moreover, antigen-specific, IgA-positive PC were severely compromised in their migration to the small intestine; accordingly, there was a reduced number of IgA-secreting PC in the lamina propria of the small intestine. The MAdCAM(Delta) mice were unable to mount a normal intestinal IgA response after oral immunization with cholera toxin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide in vivo evidence that MAdCAM-1 is required for the localization and function of IgA-secreting PC in the intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schippers
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leuker
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pabst
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kochut
authors.forename: Blair
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prochnow
authors.forename: Achim D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: Euphemia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Geoffrey W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Krissansen
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000939:Epitopes; D007114:Immunization; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009088:Mucoproteins; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D000939:Epitopes; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007136:Immunoglobulins; C489082:Madcam1 protein, mouse; D009088:Mucoproteins; D002772:Cholera Toxin