title: Interoperative frozen section for margin assessment in breast conserving energy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When excisional biopsy or lumpectomy is performed without margin assessment in early breast cancer, further surgery are required if positive margins exist. We evaluated the role of the intraoperative frozen section in breast conserving surgery (BCS). Clinicopathologic factors associated with re-excision were searched.
  
  
  METHODS
  190 tumors in 186 patients with early invasive breast cancer treated by BCS. Breast tumor was excised with 2 cm macroscopic margin, and microscopic margins examined by intraoperative frozen section.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After frozen section, 160 cases had negative margins (no re-excision), but 30 patients (16%) underwent re-excision because of close/positive margins. Negative margins were obtained in 24 patients but six patients underwent mastectomy due to persistent involved margins. Local recurrence was 2.1% and systematic recurrence was 2.6% with mean 62 months follow up. Tumor type, tumor size, extranodal extension and extensive intraductal component were significant predictors of re-excision by multivariate analysis. Re-excision procedures haven't an impact on local recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interoperative frozen section is an effective procedure in reducing the need of second operation. We have observed lower recurrence rates than other studies because of our 2 cm macroscopic margin width and > 2 mm microscopic negative margin which is obtained by interoperative frozen section.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Fatih University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. cenapd@ttmail.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dener
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult