title: [Postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review of the 'minor-major' problem.].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Notwithstanding continuous investigations and the development of new drugs and techniques, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are frequent and may contribute to the development of complications, thus increasing hospital and human costs. This article aimed at reviewing physiological mechanisms, risk factors and therapeutic approaches available to manage PONV.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several strategies to manage PONV are suggested in this article, but stress is given to guidelines published by Gan in 2003. They are the most recent contribution for risk stratification, prevention and treatment of PONV patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the management of PONV has improved in recent years, it is still common among high-risk patients. Current strategy to prevent and treat PONV is not yet established and Gan guidelines should be adapted to each population and institution.
authors.forename: Neusa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lages
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Landeiro
authors.forename: Fernando José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Abelha