title: Personal care compounds in a reed bed sludge treatment system.
abstract: Sewage sludge (also referred to as biosolids) has long been used as fertilizer on agricultural land. The usage of sludge as fertilizer is controversial because of possible high concentration of xenobiotic compounds, heavy metals as well as pathogens. In this study, the fate of the xenobiotic compounds triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol), OTNE (1-(2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-naphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-one), HHCB (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-(g)-2-benzopyran), HHCB-lactone, AHTN (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6 hexamethyl-1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalene), and DEHP (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) in advanced biological treatment of sludge was determined. During 13months of field-incubation of the sludge in reed beds, the xenobiotic compounds were analysed. The bactericide triclosan was reduced to 60%, 45%, and 32% of its original concentration in the top, middle, and bottom layer. The fragrance OTNE was decreased to 42% in the top layer, 53% in the middle layer, and 70% in the bottom layer, respectively. For DEHP a reduction of 70%, 71%, and 40% was observed in the top, middle, and bottom layer, respectively. The polycyclic musk compounds HHCB, AHTN, and the primary metabolite of HHCB, i.e., HHCB-lactone showed no degradation in 13months during the experimental period in this installation. Tentative half-lives of degradation of triclosan, OTNE and DEHP were estimated to be 315-770d, 237-630d, and 289-578d, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark.
authors.forename: Xijuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rehfus
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bester
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006207:Half-Life; D007700:Kinetics; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D015262:Xenobiotics