title: Significant improvement in sleep in people with intellectual disabilities living in residential settings by non-pharmaceutical interventions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although about 15 to 50 percent of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) living in residential settings suffer from sleep problems, scant attention is paid to these problems. Most available studies focus on pharmaceutical solutions. In this study we focus on improving sleep in people with intellectual disabilities living in residential settings by non-pharmaceutical interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design is a multiple case study using actigraphy. Following a baseline measurement of people with ID, we recommended an intervention such as bedtime scheduling. This was followed by an effect measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleep efficiency, sleep latency and rising latency improved significantly. The time spent in bed also decreased significantly and the hours of sleep while in bed increased significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For people with ID, sleep can be improved by non-pharmaceutical interventions. A multidisciplinary approach is helpful in selecting an adequate intervention.
authors.affiliation: Coordinator sleep/wake research Talant, 9244 ZN Beetsterzwaag, The Netherlands. t.hylkema@zonnet.nl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hylkema
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vlaskamp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012112:Residential Facilities; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires