title: Endovascular treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas.
abstract: Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal communications between the carotid arterial system and the cavernous sinus. CCFs are broadly classified as either direct or indirect. Surgical treatment of CCFs is technically difficult and is associated with significant morbidity. Endovascular techniques from either an arterial or a venous approach have become the mainstay of treatment given the recent advances in endovascular technology. This article provides an overview of various endovascular approaches available for the treatment of CCFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 0030, USA. gemmete@umich.edu
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gemmete
authors.forename: Sameer A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Dheeraj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gandhi
mesh_terms: D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D015607:Stents; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*