title: MAD2 as a key component of mitotic checkpoint: A probable prognostic factor for gastric cancer.
abstract: We studied the subcellular localization of MAD2 in normal human tissues and gastric cancers. MAD2 showed nuclear and cytoplasmic localization in normal tissues such as muscle, testis, thyroid gland, cerebrum, trachea, and skin; blood vessels in some organs were also MAD2+. In normal stomach, MAD2 was expressed mainly in cytoplasm but showed nuclear staining in the majority of gastric cancers. MAD2 was significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer compared with matched adjacent tissues (P < .001), and expression was related to differentiation and other clinical parameters of cancer (P < .001). The cancer/adjacent normal tissue (C/N) ratio of MAD2 expression was higher than 2 and more frequently observed in patients with lymph gland metastasis (P < .05) and related to cancer differentiation. Our findings suggest that the steady-state amount of MAD2 inside cells may serve as a molecular switch in mitotic checkpoint control and that the subcellular localizations of this spindle protein undergo a shift during malignant transformation. The change of MAD2 expression may be involved mainly in gastric carcinogenesis and associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer; a C/N of more than 2 may be associated with the worse prognosis for survival in gastric carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Yulei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Wenqi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yongguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kaichun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Daiming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D064246:Mad2 Proteins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C577697:MAD2L1 protein, human; D064246:Mad2 Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins