title: Tissue Doppler imaging following paediatric cardiac surgery: early patterns of change and relationship to outcome.
abstract: In this study, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was used to assess changes in ventricular function following repair of congenital heart defects. The relationship between TDI indices, myocardial injury and clinical outcome was explored. Forty-five children were studied; 35 with cardiac lesions and 10 controls. TDI was performed preoperatively, on admission to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and day 1. Regional myocardial Doppler signals were acquired from the right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV) and septum. TDI indices included: peak systolic velocities, isovolumetric velocities (IVV) and isovolumetric acceleration (IVA). Preoperatively, bi-ventricular TDI velocities in the study group were reduced compared with normal controls. Postoperatively, RV velocities were significantly reduced and this persisted to day-1 (PreOp vs. PICU and day-1: 7.7+/-2.2 vs. 3.4+/-1.0, P<0.0001 and 3.55+/-1.29, P<0.0001). LV velocities initially declined but recovered towards baseline by day-1 (PreOp vs. PICU: 5.31+/-1.50 vs. 3.51+/-1.23, P<0.0001). Isovolumetric parameters in all regions were reduced throughout the postoperative period. Troponin-I release correlated with longer X-clamp times (r=0.82, P<0.0001) and reduced RV velocities (r=0.42, P=0.028). Reduced pre- and postoperative LV velocities correlated with longer ventilation (PreOp: r=0.54, P=0.002; PostOp: r=0.42, P=0.026). This study identified reduced postoperative RV velocities correlated with myocardial injury while reduced LV TDI correlated with longer postoperative ventilation.
authors.affiliation: Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill Division, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vassalos
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lilley
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: MacArthur
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lyall
authors.forename: Mark H D
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Danton
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019210:Troponin I