[Research and development strategies, examples among new vaccines].
Classical methods are still providing new vaccines, but molecular biology and genetic engineering have enabled new approaches to development. Changes in vaccinology have involved the isolation, presentation and administration of vaccinal antigens or attenuated vaccinal strains. New methods of vaccine delivery other than injection will be used (e.g. mucosal administration) and new vectors or adjuvants will be added to vaccines in order to stimulate specific responses. New vaccines can also be obtained by using viral-like particles (VLP of papillomavirus), conjugate polysaccharides (N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae) or the reassortment of segmented genomes (rotavirus, influenza). Here, we analyze the different steps of a vaccine's life using concrete cases of two new vaccines against papillomavirus and rotavirus. Vaccination has a promising future.
Denis
F
F
Service de Bactériologie-virologie-hygiène, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges cedex, France. francois.denis@unilim.fr
Ploy
M-C
MC
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D008967:Molecular Biology; D012106:Research; D014611:Vaccination / Q000639:trends*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014780:Viruses / Q000276:immunology
D014612:Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated