title: [Head movements during simulated direct digital radiography].
abstract: The aim of this study was to simulate direct-digital cephalometric procedures and to record the head movements of probands. This study was prompted by the Committee for Insurance Matters of the Swiss National Invalidity Insurance which does not accept scanned digital cephalometric radiographs as a basis for its decisions. The reason for this is the required scanning time of several seconds during which even slight head movements can lead to kinetic blurring and landmark displacement. Incorrect angular measurements may result. By means of a Sirognathograph and a cephalostat of non-ferromagnetic material, the head movements of a total of 264 subjects were recorded in three dimensions, with a scanning time of up to 25 seconds. In a second series, the influence of a chin support to reduce head movements was also tested. The results of the first series of tests showed that, with an increasing scan time, movements became greater, mostly in the sagittal plane, and that maximum displacements could occur already at the start of the recording. With a scan time of 10 seconds the median movement amplitude in the vertical dimension was 2.14 mm. The second series of tests revealed a significant reduction in head movements in all dimensions owing to an additional stabilizing chin support. To minimize head movements, scanning times must be reduced and additional head stabilizing elements together with existing ones are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Kieferorthopädie, Zahnmedizinische Kliniken Universität Bern. menzel@datacomm.ch
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Menzel
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gebauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D002648:Child; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000295:instrumentation; D007347:Insurance, Dental / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D013557:Switzerland; D013997:Time Factors