title: Effectiveness of thigh-length graduated compression stockings to reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis after stroke (CLOTS trial 1): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism are common after stroke. In small trials of patients undergoing surgery, graduated compression stockings (GCS) reduce the risk of DVT. National stroke guidelines extrapolating from these trials recommend their use in patients with stroke despite insufficient evidence. We assessed the effectiveness of thigh-length GCS to reduce DVT after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this outcome-blinded, randomised controlled trial, 2518 patients who were admitted to hospital within 1 week of an acute stroke and who were immobile were enrolled from 64 centres in the UK, Italy, and Australia. Patients were allocated via a central randomisation system to routine care plus thigh-length GCS (n=1256) or to routine care plus avoidance of GCS (n=1262). A technician who was blinded to treatment allocation undertook compression Doppler ultrasound of both legs at about 7-10 days and, when practical, again at 25-30 days after enrolment. The primary outcome was the occurrence of symptomatic or asymptomatic DVT in the popliteal or femoral veins. Analyses were by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN28163533.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were included in the analyses. The primary outcome occurred in 126 (10.0%) patients allocated to thigh-length GCS and in 133 (10.5%) allocated to avoid GCS, resulting in a non-significant absolute reduction in risk of 0.5% (95% CI -1.9% to 2.9%). Skin breaks, ulcers, blisters, and skin necrosis were significantly more common in patients allocated to GCS than in those allocated to avoid their use (64 [5%] vs 16 [1%]; odds ratio 4.18, 95% CI 2.40-7.27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data do not lend support to the use of thigh-length GCS in patients admitted to hospital with acute stroke. National guidelines for stroke might need to be revised on the basis of these results.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Medical Research Council (UK), Chief Scientist Office of Scottish Government, Chest Heart and Stroke Scotland, Tyco Healthcare (Covidien) USA, and UK Stroke Research Network.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Bramwell Dott Building, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. martin.dennis@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: P A G
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sandercock
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Venables
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudd
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bowler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D018579:Patient Selection; D011152:Popliteal Vein; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000209:etiology; D053828:Stockings, Compression / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*