title: DNA vaccination against macrophage migration inhibitory factor improves atopic dermatitis in murine models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Recently, we developed a novel DNA vaccine that generates neutralizing endogenous anti-MIF antibodies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study explores the preventive and therapeutic effects of this MIF-DNA vaccine in mouse models of AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different AD model mice (DS-Nh and NC/Nga) received MIF-DNA vaccination to analyze preventive and therapeutic effects, as assessed by clinical skin scores, histologic findings, and serum IgE levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In murine models of AD, MIF-DNA vaccination prevented the occurrence of the AD skin phenotype. Furthermore, administration of MIF-DNA vaccine to mice that had already developed AD produced a rapid improvement in AD skin manifestation. There were reduced histologic signs of inflammation and lower serum IgE levels in treated mice compared with those seen in control animals. Finally, passive transfer of IgG from MIF-DNA vaccinated mice to AD mice also produced a significant therapeutic effect. These results demonstrate that MIF-DNA vaccination not only prevents the development of AD but also improves the symptoms of pre-existing AD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, the induction of an anti-MIF autoantibody response using MIF-DNA vaccination appears to be a useful approach in the treatment of AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Asuka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamasaka
authors.forename: Riichiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Daichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoshina
authors.forename: Mikako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bucala
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nishihira
authors.forename: Tadamichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013744:Tetanus Toxin / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D013744:Tetanus Toxin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D007073:Immunoglobulin E