title: Effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on rat clonal dental pulp cells: expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and inflammation-related protein via nuclear factor kappa B signaling system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been routinely used for endodontic treatment. It is well-known that MTA induced secondary dentin formation in pulp cavity when it was applied to dentin, whereas its cytotoxicities were unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of MTA on rat clonal dental pulp cells, RPC-C2A.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted to observe the response of RPC-C2A cells on MTA with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and enzyme immunoassay. Data were compared by analysis of variance. Statistical significance was established at P <.01.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTA significantly caused an up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. Furthermore, MTA caused inhibitory kappa B (IkappaB) phosphorylation and translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) subunits to nucleus. Curucumin, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation, suppressed MTA-induced COX-2 and iNOS mRNA expressions. In addition, MTA increased the production of prostaglandin E(2) in comparison with the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA induces inflammation via NF-kappaB signaling system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minamikawa
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deyama
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaga
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yawaka
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017640:Silicates / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D004338:Drug Combinations; C083487:I kappa B beta protein; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone