title: Pioglitazone decreases postprandial accumulation of remnant lipoproteins in insulin-resistant smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fasting hypertriglyceridaemia has been reported to occur commonly in cigarette smokers and is thought to increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in these individuals. More recently, it has been suggested that an increase in non-fasting triglycerides, rather than fasting hypertriglyceridaemia, is an independent CVD risk factor.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we divided 24 smokers into insulin-resistant (IR) and insulin-sensitive (IS) groups by determining their steady-state plasma glucose concentrations during the insulin suppression test and compared fasting and daylong postprandial accumulation of total triglycerides and remnant lipoprotein (RLP) concentrations, before and after 3 months of pioglitazone (PIO) administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were similar in age, body mass index, race and gender distribution, but differed dramatically in insulin sensitivity. Baseline fasting and postprandial triglyceride, RLP cholesterol and RLP triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in the IR smokers (p=0.01 to <0.01). Insulin resistance [corrected] and both fasting and postprandial triglyceride and RLP triglyceride levels decreased significantly (p=0.05 to 0.01) [corrected] in PIO-treated IR smokers, without any significant increase in weight instead of insulin sensitivity and both fasting and postprandial triglyceride and RLP triglyceride levels decreased significantly (p = 0.05 to, 0.01) in PIO-treated IR smokers, without any significant increase in weight. [corrected]
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The postprandial accumulation of RLP particles is increased in the IR subset of smokers and is likely to contribute to the increased CVD risk in these individuals. Furthermore, PIO administration provides a possible therapeutic approach to decreasing postprandial lipaemia and CVD risk in IR smokers who are unwilling or unable to stop smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5406, USA. fahim@stanford.edu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamendola
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Leary
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Reaven
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D000077205:Pioglitazone