title: Interplay between human leukocyte antigen genes and the microbial colonization process of the newborn intestine.
abstract: Coeliac disease (CD) development involves genetic (HLA-DQ2/DQ8) and environmental factors. Herein, the influence of the HLA-DQ genotype on the gut colonization process of breast-fed children was determined. A cohort of 20 newborns, with at least one first-degree relative with CD, were classified according to their HLA-DQ genotype into high, intermediate and low genetic risk groups, showing 24-28%, 7-8% and less than 1% probability to develop CD, respectively. Faecal microbiota was analysed at 7 days, 1 and 4 months of children's age by fluorescence in situ hybridization. When considering all data, Gram-negative bacteria and Bacteroides-Prevotella group proportions were higher (P<0.05) in the high than in the intermediate and low genetic risk groups. E. coli, Streptococcus-Lactococcus, E. rectale-C. coccoides, sulphate-reducing bacteria, C. lituseburense and C. histolyticum group proportions were also significantly higher (P<0.05) in the high than in the low genetic risk group. Correlations between these bacterial groups and the genetic risk were also detected (P<0.05). In addition, the number and type of CD relative seemed to influence (P<0.050) these bacterial proportions in children at CD risk. At 4 months of age, similar relationships were established between the high genetic risk to develop CD and the proportions of Streptococcus-Lactococcus (P<0.05), E. rectale-C. coccoides (P<0.05), C. lituseburense (P<0.05), C. histolyticum (P<0.05), Bacteroides-Prevotella (P<0.10) groups and total Gram-negative bacteria (P<0.05). The results suggest a relationship between HLA-DQ genes and the gut microbial colonization process that could lead to a change in the way this disorder is investigated.
authors.affiliation: Ecofisicologia Microbiana, Instituto de Agroquimica y Tecnologia de Alimentos (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Palma
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capilla
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nadal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nova
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pozo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Varea
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Polanco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castillejo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garrote
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: García-Novo
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cilleruelo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ribes-Koninckx
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palau
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sanz
mesh_terms: D001439:Bacteroides / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005838:Genotype; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059848:HLA-DQ alpha-Chains; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D017045:Lactococcus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018720:Prevotella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D059848:HLA-DQ alpha-Chains; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; C069050:HLA-DQA1 antigen; C069051:HLA-DQB1 antigen