title: Hypoxia-inducible factors regulate tumorigenic capacity of glioma stem cells.
abstract: Glioblastomas are lethal cancers characterized by florid angiogenesis promoted in part by glioma stem cells (GSCs). Because hypoxia regulates angiogenesis, we examined hypoxic responses in GSCs. We now demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor HIF2alpha and multiple HIF-regulated genes are preferentially expressed in GSCs in comparison to non-stem tumor cells and normal neural progenitors. In tumor specimens, HIF2alpha colocalizes with cancer stem cell markers. Targeting HIFs in GSCs inhibits self-renewal, proliferation, and survival in vitro, and attenuates tumor initiation potential of GSCs in vivo. Analysis of a molecular database reveals that HIF2A expression correlates with poor glioma patient survival. Our results demonstrate that GSCs differentially respond to hypoxia with distinct HIF induction patterns, and HIF2alpha might represent a promising target for antiglioblastoma therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Zhizhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shideng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Qiulian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eyler
authors.forename: Sith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sathornsumetee
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yiting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lathia
authors.forename: Roger E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: McLendon
authors.forename: Anita B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hjelmeland
authors.forename: Jeremy N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Rich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human