title: The burden of alcohol-related ill health in the United Kingdom.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to confer a protective effect for specific diseases, current societal patterns of alcohol use impose a huge health and economic burden on modern society. This study presents a method for estimating the health and economic burden of alcohol consumption to the UK National Health Service (NHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Previous estimates of NHS costs attributable to alcohol consumption were identified by systematic literature review. The mortality and morbidity due to alcohol consumption was calculated using information from the World Health Organization Global Burden of Disease Project and routinely collected mortality data. Direct health-care costs were derived using information on population attributable fractions for conditions related to alcohol consumption and NHS cost data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We estimate that alcohol consumption was responsible for 31,000 deaths in the UK in 2005 and that alcohol consumption cost the UK NHS 3.0 billion pounds in 2005-06. Alcohol consumption was responsible for 10% of all disability adjusted life years in 2002 (male: 15%; female: 4%) in the UK.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol consumption is a considerable public health burden in the UK. The comparison of the health and economic burden of various lifestyle factors is essential in prioritizing and resourcing public health action.
authors.affiliation: British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group, Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
authors.forename: Ravikumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allender
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scarborough
authors.forename: Premila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rayner
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012307:Risk Factors; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000191:economics; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology