title: Prevalence of workplace abuse and sexual harassment among female faculty and staff.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the one year prevalence of workplace abuse and sexual harassment and to determine the extent of their associations with symptoms of depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 387 female faculty and staff from colleges in Awassa, Ethiopia completed a self-administered questionnaire which collected information about relationships, mood and feelings, thoughts and satisfaction concerning the workplace, and experiences with sexual harassment. Symptoms of depression were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Logistic regression procedures were employed to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 12 mo prevalence of either workplace abuse or sexual harassment was 86.3%; with 39.5% reporting workplace abuse only, 4.1% of them reporting sexual harassment only, and 42.6% reporting experiences of both sexual harassment and workplace abuse. Overall, the mean depression score for this cohort was 3.7 (standard deviation 4.2, range 0-19), and 9.3% of the cohort were identified as having moderate or moderately severe depression. The proportion of participants with depression were statistically significantly elevated in relation to reported experience of workplace abuse and sexual harassment (p=0.001). Compared with women reporting no experience with workplace abuse or sexual harassment, those who reported experiencing both workplace abuse and sexual harassment had an 8.00 fold increased risk of depression (OR=8.00, 95% CI:1.05-60.85). Inferences from this analysis are limited by our relatively small sample size as reflected by the wide 95% CI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Workplace abuse and sexual harassment are highly prevalent, and are positively correlated with symptoms of depression among college female faculty and staff in Awassa, Ethiopia. Future policies should include a combination of education, health, and public policy initiatives that clearly outline the problem and consequences of workplace abuse and sexual harassment in educational settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary International Research Training Program, University of Washington School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Jaimee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Bizu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gelaye
authors.forename: Miruts
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goshu
authors.forename: Alemayehu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Worku
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Yemane
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Berhane
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D017406:Sexual Harassment / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult