title: Chronic mad honey intoxication syndrome: a new form of an old disease?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although cases of acute mad honey intoxication have been reported earlier, chronic mad honey intoxication (CMHI) syndrome has not been described and we address this issue only in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively evaluated the history of non-commercial honey intake in all patients referred to our institution for investigation of slow heart rate or atrioventricular (AV) conduction abnormalities. Between April 2008 and December 2008, 173 patients were referred to our institution for assessment of sinus bradycardia and various degrees of AV block and/or permanent pacemaker implantation. All patients were questioned about history of honey intake. Detailed evaluation revealed a history of daily honey intake for a long period of time in five of the patients (2.8%). This non-commercial honey was made by different amateur beekeepers in eastern Back Sea region of Turkey. Discontinuation of honey intake resulted in prompt normalization of conduction and significant symptomatic improvement. None of the patients were admitted to hospital and all were asymptomatic during 3 months follow-up. Holter monitoring for 24-h revealed no abnormality at first and third month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of CMHI. This issue should be suggested during assessment of patients with unexpected conduction abnormalities, because abandonment of honey intake results in prompt symptomatic and electrocardiographic improvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Division of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University, Haseki-Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. drfaridaliyev@yahoo.com.tr
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aliyev
authors.forename: Cengizhan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Türkoglu
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celiker
authors.forename: Inci
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Firatli
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alici
authors.forename: Işil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uzunhasan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006722:Honey / Q000506:poisoning*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000506:poisoning*; D014927:Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014118:Toxins, Biological