Comparative cytotoxicity of five current dentin bonding agents: role of cell cycle deregulation.
To compare the cytotoxicity of three nano-dentin bonding agents (nano-DBAs) and two non-nano-DBAs using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. We found that nano fillers were not the major contributing factor in DBA cytotoxicity, as analyzed by colony forming assay and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Exposure of CHO-K1 cells to all three tested total-etching DBAs led to G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest, whereas exposure to higher concentrations of two tested nano-DBAs induced G(2)/M arrest. All five DBAs further induced apoptosis at the highest concentration, as analyzed by propidium iodide staining flow cytometry. The toxicity of all DBAs (1:4000v/v or higher) is related to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as analyzed by single cell DCF fluorescence flow cytometry. These results indicate that clinical application of DBAs may be potentially toxic to dental pulp tissues. Cytotoxicity of DBAs is associated with ROS production, cell cycle deregulation and apoptosis. Presence of methacrylate monomers such as PENTA and UDMA is possibly the major cytotoxic factor for DBAs. Further studies on other toxicological endpoints of nano-DBAs are necessary to highlight their safe use.
Yeh
Hung-Wei
HW
Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Dentistry & School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chang
Mei-Chi
MC
Lin
Chun-Pin
CP
Tseng
Wan-Yu
WY
Chang
Hsiao-Hua
HH
Wang
Tong-Mei
TM
Chen
Yi-Jane
YJ
Lin
Chiu-Chun
CC
Yang
Ting-Ting
TT
Lin
Li-Deh
LD
Jeng
Jiiang-Huei
JH
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species