Pitfalls, problems, and progress in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease associated with premature birth and characterized by early lung injury. In this review we discuss some pitfalls, problems, and progress in this condition over the last decade, focusing mainly on the last 5 years, limited to studies in human neonates. Changes in the definition, pathogenesis, genetic susceptibility, and recent biomarkers associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia will be discussed. Progress in current management strategies, along with novel approaches/therapies, will be critically appraised. Finally, recent data on long-term pulmonary and neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia will be summarized.
Bhandari
Anita
A
Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
Bhandari
Vineet
V
D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D011379:Prognosis; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D015300:Ventilator Weaning
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D015415:Biomarkers; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants