title: Code status discussions and goals of care among hospitalised adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Code status discussions may fail to address patients' treatment-related goals and their knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study aimed to investigate patients' resuscitation preferences, knowledge of CPR and goals of care. Design, setting, patients and measurements: 135 adults were interviewed within 48 h of admission to a general medical service in an academic medical centre, querying code status preferences, knowledge about CPR and its outcome probabilities and goals of care. Medical records were reviewed for clinical information and code status documentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  41 (30.4%) patients had discussed CPR with their doctor, 116 (85.9%) patients preferred full code status and 11 (8.1%) patients expressed code status preferences different from the code status documented in their medical record. When queried about seven possible goals of care, patients affirmed an average of 4.9 goals; their single most important goals were broadly distributed, ranging from being cured (n = 36; 26.7%) to being comfortable (n = 8; 5.9%). Patients' mean estimate of survival to discharge after CPR was 60.4%. Most patients believed it was helpful to discuss goals of care (n = 95; 70.4%) and the chances of surviving in hospital CPR (n = 112; 83.0%). Some patients expressed a desire to change their code status after receiving information about survival following in hospital CPR (n = 11; 8.1%) or after discussing goals of care (n = 2; 1.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doctors need to address patients' knowledge about CPR and take steps to avoid discrepancies between treatment orders and patients' preferences. Addressing CPR outcome probabilities and goals of care during code status discussions may improve patients' knowledge and influence their preferences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, 1-106 MEB, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. lauris-kaldjian@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kaldjian
authors.forename: Z D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Erekson
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Haberle
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Shinkunas
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Forman-Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000941:ethics / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006304:Health Status; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011996:Records; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D055815:Young Adult