title: Activity and contents of polyphenolic antioxidants in the whole fruit, flesh and peel of three apple cultivars.
abstract: The concentration of polyphenolic compounds, such as flavanols and anthocyanins, and the antioxidant activity in apples (Malus domestica Borkh) seem to differ with cultivar, maturity stage, environmental conditions and the part of the fruit. In this work, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were measured in the flesh, whole fruit and peel from apple cultivars Fuji, Epagri COOP24 and Epagri F5P283 cultivated in Southern Brazil. Total phenolic content assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavanol by modified p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde method, anthocyanin content by pH differential method and antioxidant activity measured using ABTS assay. One-way analysis of variance, Tukey's test and correlation analysis were performed. Within each cultivar, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were highest in the peels, followed by the whole fruit and the flesh. In the peel, whole fruit and flesh the Epagri F5P283 apple had the highest total phenolic contents and the highest total antioxidant activity, while that Epagri COOP24 was highest in flavanols and anthocyanins. Total phenolic content was positively associated with total antioxidant activity in flesh, whole fruit and peel. These results demonstrate that phenolic compounds have a significant contribution to the total antioxidant activity which varies considerably depending of the part of the fruit and of the apple cultivar analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francilene Gracieli Kunradi
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Graciele da Silva Campelo
authors.initials: Gda S
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Copetti
authors.forename: Luciano Valdemiro
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Gonzaga
authors.forename: Eduardo da Costa
authors.initials: Eda C
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Roseane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fett
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols