title: Prophylaxis of experimentally induced calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in rats by Zhulingtang, a traditional Chinese herbal formula.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zhulingtang (ZLT), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, was used to evaluate the antilithic effects of experimentally induced calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis in ethylene glycol (EG)-fed rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Rats in group 1 (n = 8) served as the normal control. Rats in group 2 (n = 11) were treated with gastric gavages of starch as placebo and 0.75% EG as a stone inducer. Rats in group 3 (n = 8) were given 0.75% EG and a low dose (305 mg/kg) of ZLT. Rats in group 4 (n = 8) were treated with EG and a high dose (915 mg/kg) of ZLT. Twenty-four-hour urine and blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the experiment for biochemical analysis. The histological appearances of the kidneys were observed under a polarized light microscope, and the crystal deposits were evaluated by a semiquantitative scoring method, computer assisted with ImageScoring software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results revealed that rats fed with 0.75% EG for 4 weeks successfully produced renal deposition of CaOx. The severities of crystal deposition were significantly reduced in the 2 ZLT-fed groups compared with the placebo group (p = 0.025 and 0.047, respectively). Rats in the low-dose ZLT and placebo groups exhibited significantly lower serum phosphorus in comparison with the control rats (p = 0.005 and 0.03, respectively). Rats of the placebo group (EG + starch) encountered growth retardation, with their body weights slowly increasing, expressed as 160.63 +/- 23.06 g, compared with 179.63 +/- 13.41 g in normal rats (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ZLT reduced the severity of CaOx crystallization and slowed down the body weight loss effects. Therefore, the traditional Chinese medicine herbal formula ZLT may be an effective reagent for renal stone prophylaxis. Although the mechanism of ZLT in crystal inhibition remains unclear, macromolecules may be involved.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chou-Huang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Tien-Chien
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Ming-Tsong
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Shih-Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ming-Lun
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jhih-Ren
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jheng
authors.forename: Wen-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D002129:Calcium Oxalate