title: Extinction-ratio-independent method for chirp measurements of Mach-Zehnder modulators.
abstract: The authors describe a general method to extract the frequency chirping of Mach-Zehnder modulators based on direct measurements of the output spectrum. This method is independent of the modulator extinction ratio and allows measurement of the intrinsic chirp parameter to an accuracy of 5%.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Courjal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Porte