title: Phase Ib safety and pharmacokinetic evaluation of daily and twice daily oral enzastaurin in combination with pemetrexed in advanced/metastatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This phase Ib study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and activity of enzastaurin either 500 mg once daily (QD) or 250 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) in combination with pemetrexed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) with folic acid and vitamin B(12) was given on day 1 every 21 days with enzastaurin 500 mg orally QD starting on day 5 of cycle 1 after a loading dose of 400 mg thrice daily on day 4. To evaluate whether a b.i.d. regimen results in higher enzastaurin exposures, the study was amended. After amendment, in cycle 1, patients received 500 mg enzastaurin QD on days 1-15 without initial loading dose and 250 mg b.i.d. on days 16-30; in subsequent cycles, patients received pemetrexed on day 1 every 21 days with enzastaurin b.i.d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-eight patients (42 preamendment and 26 postamendment) were assessed. Pemetrexed toxicity and pharmacokinetics did not appear to be altered by enzastaurin. Enzastaurin average steady-state plasma concentration (C(av,ss)) decreased by approximately 25% in the presence of pemetrexed. Enzastaurin C(av,ss) were approximately 40% higher in the b.i.d. versus QD regimen. Three patients (4.4%) with thyroid cancer of follicular/papillary type had partial response as defined by RECIST.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pemetrexed plus enzastaurin is well tolerated with preliminary evidence of anticancer activity, particularly in thyroid cancer.
authors.affiliation: I. Medical Department, General Hospital, St Georg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A-R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hanauske
authors.affiliation: Early Phase Clinical Oncology Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahn
authors.affiliation: Early Phase Clinical Oncology Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Musib
authors.affiliation: Medical Clinic 5, Oncology and Hematology, Clinic Nürnberg Nord, Nürnberg.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weigang-Köhler
authors.affiliation: I. Medical Department, General Hospital, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: I. Medical Department, General Hospital, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Graefe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuenen
authors.affiliation: Early Phase Clinical Oncology Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.affiliation: Early Phase Clinical Oncology Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McNealy
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Electronic address: giacconeg@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giaccone
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005971:Glutamates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006147:Guanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068437:Pemetrexed
chemical_list: D005971:Glutamates; D007211:Indoles; D000068437:Pemetrexed; D006147:Guanine; C504878:enzastaurin