title: Colony morphologies, species, and biotypes of yeasts from thrush and denture stomatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the species and phenotypic characteristics of yeasts, i.e. colony morphology, biotypes, and biotype relatedness, and the oral distribution of yeasts, in thrush and denture stomatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Yeast colony morphology was observed under a stereo-microscope and photographed with a digital camera. Genus, species, and biotypes of the yeast isolates were identified by using a commercial kit, ID 32C. Yeast biotype dendrograms were generated by Spotfire software and SPSS 15.0 for Windows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple colony morphologies were observed among the yeasts from both thrush and denture stomatitis. One genus, 6 species, and 21 biotypes were identified among the yeasts from thrush, while 2 genera, 7 species, and 20 biotypes were identified among the yeasts from denture stomatitis. Considerable similarities in predominant species, biotypes, and biotype clustering profiles were shown among the yeasts from thrush and denture stomatitis. However, Candida dubliniensis was identified exclusively in subgingival areas and biotype 7347340215 of C. albicans was identified more frequently in palate and sulci in thrush.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A diversity of species and phenotypes was found among the yeasts in thrush and denture stomatitis. Candidal commensals were predominant in thrush and denture stomatitis, but the observation of divergent Candida species and biotypes, constituting 23% of all the yeast isolates, should not be ignored.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. xiaobo.song@fagmed.uit.no
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jinglu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Geir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Støre
authors.forename: Bjørn Frode
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Ingar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D003824:Denture, Complete / Q000382:microbiology; D003832:Denture, Partial, Removable / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D010159:Palate / Q000382:microbiology; D010641:Phenotype; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013282:Stomatitis, Denture / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult