title: Human T cell recognition of the blood stage antigen Plasmodium hypoxanthine guanine xanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGXPRT) in acute malaria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Plasmodium purine salvage enzyme, hypoxanthine guanine xanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGXPRT) can protect mice against Plasmodium yoelii pRBC challenge in a T cell-dependent manner and has, therefore, been proposed as a novel vaccine candidate. It is not known whether natural exposure to Plasmodium falciparum stimulates HGXPRT T cell reactivity in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  PBMC and plasma collected from malaria-exposed Indonesians during infection and 7-28 days after anti-malarial therapy, were assessed for HGXPRT recognition using CFSE proliferation, IFNgamma ELISPOT assay and ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HGXPRT-specific T cell proliferation was found in 44% of patients during acute infection; in 80% of responders both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets proliferated. Antigen-specific T cell proliferation was largely lost within 28 days of parasite clearance. HGXPRT-specific IFN-gamma production was more frequent 28 days after treatment than during acute infection. HGXPRT-specific plasma IgG was undetectable even in individuals exposed to malaria for at least two years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of acute proliferative and convalescent IFNgamma responses to HGXPRT demonstrates cellular immunogenicity in humans. Further studies to determine minimal HGXPRT epitopes, the specificity of responses for Plasmodia and associations with protection are required. Frequent and robust T cell proliferation, high sequence conservation among Plasmodium species and absent IgG responses distinguish HGXPRT from other malaria antigens.
authors.affiliation: International Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia. tonia.woodberry@menzies.edu.au
authors.forename: Tonia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Woodberry
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinzon-Charry
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Piera
authors.forename: Yawalak
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Panpisutchai
authors.forename: Christian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Engwerda
authors.forename: Denise L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Doolan
authors.forename: Ervi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salwati
authors.forename: Enny
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kenangalem
authors.forename: Emiliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tjitra
authors.forename: Ric N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Anstey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010430:Pentosyltransferases / Q000276:immunology*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010430:Pentosyltransferases; C083867:hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase