title: Homogeneous conjugation of peptides onto gold nanoparticles enhances macrophage response.
abstract: Murine bone marrow macrophages were able to recognize gold nanoparticle peptide conjugates, while peptides or nanoparticles alone were not recognized. Consequently, in the presence of conjugates, macrophage proliferation was stopped and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, as well as nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) were induced. Furthermore, macrophage activation by gold nanoparticles conjugated to different peptides appeared to be rather independent of peptide length and polarity, but dependent on peptide pattern at the nanoparticle surface. Correspondingly, the biochemical type of response also depended on the type of conjugated peptide and could be correlated with the degree of ordering in the peptide coating. These findings help to illustrate the basic requirements involved in medical nanoparticle conjugate design to either activate the immune system or hide from it in order to reach their targets before being removed by phagocytes.
authors.affiliation: Institut Catala de Nanotecnologia, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Neus G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Bastús
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Tilló
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pujals
authors.forename: Consol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farrera
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giralt
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celada
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lloberas
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Puntes
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010455:Peptides; D006046:Gold