title: Chemical genetic profiling and characterization of small-molecule compounds that affect the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in Candida albicans.
abstract: The balance between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids plays a crucial role in determining the membrane fluidity. In the diploid fungal pathogen Candida albicans, the gene for fatty acid Delta9 desaturase, OLE1, is essential for viability. Using a reverse genetic approach, termed the fitness test, we identified a group of structurally related synthetic compounds that induce specific hypersensitivity of the OLE1(+/-) strain. Genetic repression of OLE1 and chemical inhibition by two selected compounds, ECC145 and ECC188, resulted in a marked decrease in the total unsaturated fatty acids and impaired hyphal development. The resulting auxotroph of both was suppressed by the exogenous monounsaturated fatty acids (16:1Delta9 and 18:1Delta9). These correlations suggest that both compounds affect the level of unsaturated fatty acids, likely by impairing Ole1p directly or indirectly. However, the residual levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) resulted from chemical inhibition were significantly higher than OLE1 repression, indicating even partial inhibition of MUFAs is sufficient to stop cellular proliferation. Although the essentiality of OLE1 was suppressed by MUFAs in vitro, we demonstrated that it was required for virulence in a murine model of systemic candidiasis even when the animals were supplemented with a high fat diet. Thus, the fungal fatty acid desaturase is an attractive antifungal drug target. Taking advantage of the inhibitors and the relevant conditional shut-off strains, we validated several chemical genetic interactions observed in the fitness test profiles that reveal novel genetic interactions between OLE1/unsaturated fatty acids and other cellular processes.
authors.affiliation: Center of Fungal Genetics, Merck-Frosst Canada Ltd., Montreal, Quebec H9H 3L1, Canada. xu_deming@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Deming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sillaots
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.forename: Wenqi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kauffman
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martel
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ocampo
authors.forename: Chanseok
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trosok
authors.forename: Karynn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Veillette
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roemer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D002569:Cerulenin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects*; D025301:Hyphae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009154:Mutation; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; D015996:Survival Rate; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014230:Triazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; C543723:ECC 145; C543724:ECC 188; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D013844:Thiazoles; D014230:Triazoles; D002569:Cerulenin; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; C029627:delta-9 fatty acid desaturase