title: Spatial discrimination learning of electrocutaneous stimuli is influenced by the type of stimulation.
abstract: Although spatial discrimination of electrocutaneous stimuli can be improved by training, we do not know whether the improvement of spatial discrimination varies as a function of the type of stimulus presentation. In the present study, two groups of healthy human volunteers were trained over a period of 5 days to discriminate 23 patterns of one, two, three, or four simultaneously stimulated electrodes on the upper arm. In group one, two or three simultaneously stimulated electrodes were applied at different skin areas with an anchor electrode. This type of stimulation was hypothesised to facilitate discrimination performance by providing a cue about stimulus patterns applied. In group two, two or three simultaneously stimulated electrodes were applied at different skin areas with electrodes arranged as adjacent electrodes like a zoned field. Double and triple stimulus patterns presented with an anchor electrode were discriminated significantly better than double and triple patterns presented as zoned fields. This improvement in stimulus discrimination resulted primarily from a better discrimination of double stimulation patterns. However, there was a clear influence of spatial distance between simultaneously activated electrodes on the results. Thus, both spatial distances between stimulated electrodes and, to a minor extent, the anchor stimulation per se influenced this result. Furthermore, results revealed an overall significant improvement of stimulus discrimination in both groups and an improvement varying as a function of the number of stimulated electrodes. Overall, results indicate that the improvement of spatial discrimination of electrocutaneous stimuli varies as a function of the type of stimulus presentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walter-Walsh
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spohn
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torma
authors.forename: Wolfgang H R
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Miltner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001132:Arm; D003463:Cues; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011601:Psychophysics; D012867:Skin; D013028:Space Perception; D013997:Time Factors; D055698:Touch Perception; D055815:Young Adult