title: The prevalence of sensitization to lupin flour in France and Belgium: a prospective study in 5,366 patients, by the Allergy Vigilance Network.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of sensitization to lupin flour in patients consulting allergists, in order to evaluate the risk of primary and secondary allergies to lupin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study carried out by members of the Allergy Vigilance Network, using prick-tests with a commercial lupin flour extract in patients with various allergic symptoms. The study design classified patients into four groups: peanut allergy, current atopic disease, latent atopy, no atopy. Data were collected and analysed by Network coordinators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a two-month period, 88 French and Belgian allergists tested 5,366 patients: 2,680 children and 2,686 adults aged over 16 years. Of the 2,680 children, 11.15% presented with peanut allergy. The frequency of cross-reactivity with lupin was 17.1% for patients with peanut allergy, 2.5% for children with current atopic disease and 1.7% for healthy children with latent atopy. In the 2,686 adults, peanut allergy was diagnosed in 1.86% of patients with cross-reactivity to lupin in 14.6%. Sensitization to lupin was detected in 3.7% of patients with current atopic disease and in 1.8% of those with latent atopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relative frequency of latent sensitisation to lupin in patients of all ages presenting with atopic disease is a new factor indicating the likelihood of an increase in primary food allergies to lupin flour. This justifies the recent decision requiring mandatory labelling of lupin, and shows the need to inform consumers who may be unaware that this ingredient is being used increasingly. Sensitization to lupin should be searched by prick-tests in any case of peanut allergy. Prick-test to lupin may be valuable whenever a food allergy is suspected when no current food allergens have been identified.
authors.affiliation: Allergy Vigilance Network, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital, Nancy Cedex, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gayraud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mairesse
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thillay
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leduc
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rancé
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parisot
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Moneret-Vautrin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D001530:Belgium; D002648:Child; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007255:Information Services; D031297:Lupinus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D018716:Molecular Mimicry / Q000276:immunology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D052179:Antigens, Plant; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007073:Immunoglobulin E