title: Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the gastric emptying and antral motion: feasibility and reproducibility of a fast not invasive technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate reproducibility of a fast MRI protocol to measure gastric emptying and motility of the gastric antrum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric emptying and antral speed were measured in 12 type 1 diabetic patients (mean age 43 years) and 9 healthy volunteers (mean age 31 years). Subjects, fasting from 6h, were evaluated in supine position using a 1.5T MR scanner and a eight-channels phased-array body coil after ingestion of 400 ml of a vanillas pudding mixed with 5 ml of Gd-DTPA. Axial 3D T1w sequence at 0 and 30 min for volume evaluation and cine-steady state acquisition every 5 min for a total time of 30 min for gastric wave speed assessing were acquired. Two blinded observers extrapolated T(1/2) from gastric volume assessment and speed of gastric waves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients tolerated the examination. The T(1/2) cut-off was of 115 min with an accuracy in differentiate controls from diabetics of 96% (95% CI 0.766-0.992; p<0.001), while the antral speed cut-off was of 0.15 mm/s with an accuracy of 87% (95% CI 0.628-0.977; p<0.001). The inter-observer agreement for the volumes at time 0 and 30 min was respectively 0.983 (95% CI 0.9628-0.9929; p<0.001) and 0.9933 (95% CI 0.9847-0.9971; p<0.001) with an agreement of 0.9918 (95% CI 0.9853-0.9954; p<0.001), while for antral speed it was of 0.935 (95% CI 0.9097-0.9528; p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI is a reproducible technique for the evaluation of gastric emptying and antral motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital, viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy. frcarbone@interfree.it
authors.forename: Salvatore Francesco
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.forename: Italo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tanganelli
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Capodivento
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Volterrani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA