title: Systemic absorption of amphotericin B with topical 5% mafenide acetate/amphotericin B solution for grafted burn wounds: is it clinically relevant?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if patients receiving topical amphotericin B in combination with 5% mafenide acetate solution will acquire systemically detectable levels of amphotericin B.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational study of consecutive patients from May 2007 to March 2008 who received 5% mafenide acetate/amphotericin B (2 mcg/ml) solution topically every 4h to their excised and grafted burn wounds for at least 5 days. Serum amphotericin B levels were measured every 5 days during treatment. In addition, the percentage of graft take, occurrence of infection, and potential adverse reactions or toxicities were monitored and recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 27 patients were enrolled, accumulating 420 treatment days and 72 amphotericin B levels. Sixty-nine of the amphotericin B levels were undetectable, while 3 were detectable at non-therapeutic levels (<0.5 mcg/ml). Of the patients with a detectable serum amphotericin B level, only one experienced adverse reactions that could potentially be attributed to amphotericin B. The mean TBSA burned was 32% (SD+/-14%), with a mean TBSA treated with solution of 21% (SD+/-13%). The median duration of treatment was 8 days (range 5-52 days), and the median number of amphotericin B levels drawn per patient was 1 (range 1-19). The median percentage graft take was 95%, and there were no fungal wound infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that 5% mafenide acetate/amphotericin B (2 mcg/ml) solution, applied to excised and grafted burn wounds, does not produce clinically relevant serum levels of amphotericin B. Based on our observations, this topical regimen is safe.
authors.affiliation: North Carolina Baptist Hospital, and Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pendleton
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002056:Burns / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008272:Mafenide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008272:Mafenide; D000666:Amphotericin B