title: Micro-dose transdermal estradiol for relief of hot flushes in postmenopausal Asian women: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of micro-dose transdermal estradiol and placebo on the incidence and severity of menopausal symptoms and well-being in postmenopausal Asian women with vasomotor symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 165 subjects randomized to estradiol 0.014 mg/day or placebo for 12 weeks, 80 per group were included in the analysis. Groups were comparable at baseline, although time since menopause was slightly shorter in the estradiol group. There was a greater reduction in mean weekly hot flushes at week 12 in the estradiol group (55%) than the placebo group (40%; p < 0.01), which was evident by week 4. A similar pattern was seen for moderate and severe hot flushes (-58% vs. -39%, respectively). Reductions were statistically significant at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Vaginal pH fell significantly in the estradiol group by week 4 and then remained stable throughout the treatment period, but there were no significant changes in the placebo group. Vaginal maturation value increased more in the estradiol than the placebo group (p < 0.001). Few subjects had vaginal bleeding or spotting. Quality of life improved similarly in both groups. Urogenital symptoms improved considerably from baseline in both treatment groups, with no significant differences. Eight subjects experienced treatment-related adverse events (seven in the estradiol group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Asian women, micro-dose estradiol was significantly superior to placebo in improving vasomotor symptoms. The bleeding profile was comparable with that of placebo. Micro-dose estradiol was safe and well tolerated in Asian women.
authors.affiliation: Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hiemeyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schaefers
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008296:Malaysia; D008875:Middle Aged; D010679:Philippines; D010919:Placebos; D012846:Singapore; D013785:Thailand; D013997:Time Factors; D014621:Vagina / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D004958:Estradiol