title: The effect of repeated measurements using an upper extremity robot on healthy adults.
abstract: We are expanding the use of the MIT-MANUS robotics to persons with impairments due exclusively to orthopedic disorders, with no neurological deficits. To understand the reliability of repeated measurements of the robotic tasks and the potential for registering changes due to learning is critical. Purposes of this study were to assess the learning effect of repeated exposure to robotic evaluations and to demonstrate the ability to detect a change in protocol in outcome measurements. Ten healthy, unimpaired subjects (mean age = 54.1 +/- 6.4 years) performed six repeated evaluations consisting of unconstrained reaching movements to targets and circle drawing (with and without a visual template) on the MITMANUS. Reaching outcomes were aiming error, mean and peak speed, movement smoothness and duration. Outcomes for circle drawing were axis ratio metric and shoulder- elbow joint angles correlation metric (was based on a two-link model of the human arm and calculated hand path during the motions). Repeated-measures ANOVA (p < or = .05) determined if difference existed between the sessions. Intraclass correlations (R) were calculated. All variables were reliable, without learning across testing sessions. Intraclass correlation values were good to high (reaching, R > or =.80; circle drawing, R > or =.90). Robotic measurement ability to differentiate between similar but distinct tasks was demonstrated as measured by axis ratio metric (p < .001) and joint correlation metric (p = .001). Outcome measures of the MIT-MANUS proved to be reliable yet sensitive to change in healthy adults without motor learning over the course of repeated measurements.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Research & Development, VA Maryland Healthcare System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Finley
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dipietro
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohlhoff
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whitall
authors.forename: Hermano I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Bever
mesh_terms: D053587:Arthrometry, Articular / Q000379:methods*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology*