title: Risk of colorectal cancer seven years after flexible sigmoidoscopy screening: randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the risk of colorectal cancer after screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based screening in two areas in Norway-city of Oslo and Telemark county (urban and mixed urban and rural populations).
  
  
  METHODS
  55 736 men and women aged 55-64 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Once only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening with or without a single round of faecal occult blood testing (n=13 823) compared with no screening (n=41 913).
  
  
  METHODS
  Planned end points were cumulative incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer after 5, 10, and 15 years. This first report from the study presents cumulative incidence after 7 years of follow-up and hazard ratio for mortality after 6 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was found in the 7 year cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer between the screening and control groups (134.5 v 131.9 cases per 100 000 person years). In intention to screen analysis, a trend towards reduced colorectal cancer mortality was found (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 1.13, P=0.16). For attenders compared with controls, a statistically significant reduction in mortality was apparent for both total colorectal cancer (hazard ratio 0.41, 0.21 to 0.82, P=0.011) and rectosigmoidal cancer (0.24, 0.08 to 0.76, P=0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reduction in incidence of colorectal cancer with flexible sigmoidoscopy screening could not be shown after 7 years' follow-up. Mortality from colorectal cancer was not significantly reduced in the screening group but seemed to be lower for attenders, with a reduction of 59% for any location of colorectal cancer and 76% for rectosigmoidal cancer in per protocol analysis, an analysis prone to selection bias.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinical trials NCT00119912.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention (NORCCAP) Centre, Cancer Registry of Norway, Montebello, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway. hofg@online.no
authors.forename: Geir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grotmol
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skovlund
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bretthauer
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012812:Sigmoidoscopy / Q000401:mortality*