title: Involvement of CD40 targeting miR-224 and miR-486 on the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic and epigenetic alterations during development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) are well known. Genetic and epigenetic data were correlated with tumor biology to find specific alterations responsible for invasion and metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 16 human PDAC cell lines were used in murine orthotopic PDAC models. By means of standardized dissemination scores, local invasion and metastatic spread were assessed. mRNA and microRNA expression were studied by microarray and TaqMan low-density array. Quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were used for expression validation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD40 was detected as a relevant target gene for differentially expressed miRNAs observed in highly invasive and metastatic PDAC only. A significant overexpression (P < .05) of CD40-related miRNAs miR-224 and miR-486 was detected in highly invasive and metastatic PDAC, whereas CD40 mRNA expression was not significantly altered. Instead, CD40 protein expression at cell surfaces of these highly invasive and metastatic PDAC was significantly reduced (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epigenetic alterations with upregulated CD40-targeting miR-224 and miR-486 are related to downregulated CD40 protein expression at cell surfaces in highly invasive and metastatic PDAC. Thus, miRNA-regulated CD40 expression seems to play an important role in progression of PDAC. These data suggest a diagnostic and therapeutic potential for CD40 and/or its targeting miRNAs in PDAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany. soerentorge.mees@ukmuenster.de
authors.forename: Soeren Torge
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Mees
authors.forename: Wolf Arif
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Mardin
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sielker
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Willscher
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Senninger
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schleicher
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombo-Benkmann
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haier
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D019013:CD40 Antigens; D035683:MicroRNAs; D012333:RNA, Messenger