title: Impact of prior Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom combat duty on mental health in a predeployment cohort of National Guard soldiers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal was to examine the impact of prior Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) combat deployment on reported psychiatric and somatic symptoms among National Guard/Reserve (NGR) soldiers 1 month before deployment to Iraq.
  
  
  METHODS
  522 NGR soldiers completed a survey assessing predeployment risk and resilience factors as well as current levels of PTSD, depressive, and somatic symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, soldiers reported few psychiatric symptoms present before deployment to Iraq. However, compared to soldiers preparing for their first deployment to Iraq, soldiers previously deployed to OEF/OIF reported more PTSD, depressive, and somatic symptoms. Previously OEF/OIF deployed soldiers reported lower perceptions of unit social support, but reported no differences in perceptions of preparedness or concerns about family disruptions. Implications for interventions and training with military personnel before deployment as well as future longitudinal research directions are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), One Veterans Drive (116A), Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Polusny
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Erbes
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Arbisi
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thuras
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kehle
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: Cora
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Courage
authors.forename: Madhavi K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duffy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology