title: Activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptor incompatibilities enhance graft-versus-host disease and affect survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) regulate function of natural killer (NK) cells and a subset of T cells. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the impact of donor and recipient activating KIR genes on outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) for patients with hematological malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred consecutive recipients of myeloablative transplantation and their donors were tested for KIR genotype as well as for immune reconstitution, including activating KIR expression on NK cells and T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a multivariate analysis, mismatches of particular activating KIRs such that the patient was negative and the donor was positive (P-D+) resulted in increased risk of acute (KIR2DS1) and chronic (KIR2DS3) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as well as relapse (KIR2DS5). KIR2DS1 incompatibility in the same direction in the presence of HLA-C-group 2 ligand in recipient was associated with reduced overall (risk ratio, RR = 3.01; P = 0.01) and disease-free survival (RR = 2.92, P = 0.03). Activating mismatches in P-D+ direction resulted in decreased CD4+ : CD8+ T-cell ratio up to 1 yr after alloHSCT, as a consequence of decreased CD3+CD4+ number within the first 100 d and increased CD3+CD8+ number in later time-points. Among six evaluated patients, expression of activating KIRs on NK cells and T cells was particularly prominent for those developing intestinal GVHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that the presence of particular activating KIRs in donor with their absence in recipient enhances GVHD, which is not accompanied by graft-versus-leukemia effect. Evaluation of activating KIR genotype may allow optimization of both donor selection and transplantation procedure in order to avoid GVHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland. sgiebel@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giebel
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dziaczkowska
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Czerw
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojnar
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krawczyk-Kulis
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holowiecki
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holowiecka-Goral
authors.forename: Miroslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markiewicz
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kopera
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karolczyk
authors.forename: Slawomira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyrcz-Krzemien
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kusnierczyk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005838:Genotype; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D006648:Histocompatibility; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D054340:Receptors, KIR / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C496212:KIR2DS1 protein, human; C541358:KIR2DS3 protein, human; C531595:KIR2DS5 protein, human; D054340:Receptors, KIR