title: Davilla elliptica and Davilla nitida: gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory and anti-Helicobacter pylori action.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Davilla elliptica and Davilla nitida are species commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado biome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Based on ethnopharmacological and phytochemical analyses, methanolic extracts from leaves of Davilla elliptica (EDE) and Davilla nitida (EDN) were evaluated for their anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, immunological and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The gastroprotective action of both extracts was evaluated in rodent experimental models (HCl/ethanol, ethanol or NSAID). We also evaluated anti-inflammatory (carrageenin-induced rat hind paw edema), immunomodulatory (murine peritoneal macrophages) and antibacterial action of both extracts against a standard strain of Helicobacter pylori.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EDE and EDN (500 mg/kg) were able to protect gastric mucosa against HCl/ethanol solution (EDE 63%; EDN 59%), absolute ethanol (EDE 95%; EDN 88%), and also against injurious effect of NSAID (EDE 77%; EDN 67%). When EDE and EDN were challenged with sulfhydryl depleter compound, the gastroprotective action of both extracts was completely abolished. EDE had gastroprotective effect related to increase of glutathione bioavailability and stimulated higher levels of NO, H2O2 and TNF-alpha production. Otherwise EDN showed better anti-Helicobacter pylori action than EDE. Neither extracts presented anti-inflammatory activity by oral route.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phytochemical investigation showed that both extracts possess phenolic acid derivatives, acylglycoflavonoids and condensed tannins with evident quantitative variations that probably influenced the pharmacological differences between extracts.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, C.P. 510, 18618-000 UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hélio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kushima
authors.forename: Catarine Massucato
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: Clenilson Martins
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rinaldo
authors.forename: Micheli Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sassá
authors.forename: Taís Maria
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bauab
authors.forename: Luiz Claudio Di
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Stasi
authors.forename: Iracilda Zeppone
authors.initials: IZ
authors.lastname: Carlos
authors.forename: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vilegas
authors.forename: Clélia Akiko
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hiruma-Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045466:Dilleniaceae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D000431:Ethanol; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; D005978:Glutathione; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid