title: Adjunctive chemotherapeutic suppression of mutans streptococci in the setting of severe early childhood caries: an exploratory study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This investigational study assessed the suppressive effect of 10 percent povidone iodine (PI) coupled with elimination of active carious lesions on salivary mutans streptococci (MS) populations in children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC).
  
  
  METHODS
  77 children (38 females, 39 males) were treated for S- ECC in one session; a 0.2 ml PI solution was applied to the dentition after dental surgery was completed and immediately wiped off. The subjects aged from 2 to 5 years (mean = 3.78 years) at baseline. Whole nonstimulated saliva samples were obtained at baseline, 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days post dental surgery. Samples were placed on ice and processed within 2 hours. The MS level in each sample was expressed as colony forming units (CFUs) per ml of saliva.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 50 percent of subjects had a >95 percent reduction in CFU/ml of saliva at each time point after baseline. The percentages of subjects with a >50 percent reduction in MS level were 85 percent at 30 days, 83 percent at 60 days, 84 percent at 90 days. The median (25th, 75th percentiles) CFUs/ml of saliva counts were 8.40 x 10(5) (1.49 x 10(5), 5.00 x 10(6)) at baseline (n= 77), 4.12 x 10(4) (8.40 x 10(3), 1.89 x 10(5)) at 30 days (n = 74), 4.62 x 10(4) (7.00 x 10(3), 1.36 x 10(5)) at 60 days (n = 70), and 5.09 x 10(4) (1.16 x 10(4), 1.00 x 10(5)) at 90 days (n = 70). The changes from baseline to 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days were statistically significant (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PI coupled with dental surgery has a significant suppressive effect on salivary MS levels in the setting of S-ECC for at least 90 days. These data strongly suggest that treatment with PI may be an important adjunct to dental surgery for S-ECC.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester/Eastman Dental Center, 625 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA. Robert_Berkowitz@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Mary Therese
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Whelehan
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ragusa
authors.forename: Dorota T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Kopycka-Kedzierawski
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Billings
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D011206:Povidone-Iodine