title: Diverse poly(A) binding proteins mediate internal translational initiation by a plant viral IRES.
abstract: During 5'-cap-dependent translation, methylated 5'-cap and 3'-poly(A) tail work synergistically in a poly(A) binding protein (PABP)-dependent manner to facilitate translation via promoting the formation of a closed mRNA loop. On the other hand, during internal translation initiation, the requirement for and the roles of 3'-poly(A) tail and PABP vary depending on specific characteristics of each internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). In this study, we analyzed the effect of 3'-poly(A) tail and phylogenetically divergent PABPs on a polypurine tract-containing IRES element derived from the coat protein gene of crucifer-infecting tobamovirus (CrTMV IRES(CP)). We find that mutations in the internal polypurine tract decrease IRES activity in a heterologous (mammalian) system in vivo. Moreover, these mutations decrease the high-affinity binding of all phylogenetically divergent PABPs derived from Arabidopsis and yeast in electro mobility gel shift assays in vitro. Partial PABP depletion and reconstitution assays using Arabidopsis-derived PABP2, 3, 5, 8 and yeast Pab1p provide further evidence that CrTMV IRES(CP) requires PABP for maximal activity. Furthermore, stronger enhancement in the presence of 3'-poly(A) and the absence of 5'-methylated cap suggests a potential joint interaction between PABP, the CrTMV IRES(CP) and the 3'-poly(A).
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Liraz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marom
authors.forename: Shelly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hen-Avivi
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pinchasi
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chekanova
authors.forename: Dmitry A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Belostotsky
authors.forename: Orna
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Elroy-Stein
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000821:virology; D002457:Cell Extracts; D002460:Cell Line; D002474:Cell-Free System; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D039102:Poly(A)-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D017898:Tobamovirus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D039102:Poly(A)-Binding Proteins