Heme and menaquinone induced electron transport in lactic acid bacteria.
BACKGROUND
For some lactic acid bacteria higher biomass production as a result of aerobic respiration has been reported upon supplementation with heme and menaquinone. In this report, we have studied a large number of species among lactic acid bacteria for the existence of this trait.


RESULTS
Heme- (and menaquinone) stimulated aerobic growth was observed for several species and genera of lactic acid bacteria. These include Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacilllus brevis, Lactobacillus paralimentarius, Streptococcus entericus and Lactococcus garviae. The increased biomass production without further acidification, which are respiration associated traits, are suitable for high-throughput screening as demonstrated by the screening of 8000 Lactococcus lactis insertion mutants. Respiration-negative insertion-mutants were found with noxA, bd-type cytochrome and menaquinol biosynthesis gene-disruptions. Phenotypic screening and in silico genome analysis suggest that respiration can be considered characteristic for certain species.


CONCLUSIONS
We propose that the cyd-genes were present in the common ancestor of lactic acid bacteria, and that multiple gene-loss events best explains the observed distribution of these genes among the species.
Brooijmans
Rob
R
TI food & Nutrition, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Po Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, the Netherlands. jeroen.hugenholtz@nizo.nl.
Smit
Bart
B
Santos
Filipe
F
van Riel
Jan
J
de Vos
Willem M
WM
Hugenholtz
Jeroen
J