title: Effective constituents in Xiexin Decoction for anti-inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the effective constituents in Xiexin Decoction for anti-inflammation and the interactions of these constituents at the pharmacodynamic level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were administered oral Xiexin Decoction 1h before intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide. Nitric oxide production and Xiexin Decoction constituents in venous serum samples were quantified and the correlation between nitric oxide production and each constituent in serum was calculated. Raw264.7 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and one or more Xiexin Decoction constituents; cell viability and nitric oxide production was quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Xiexin Decoction significantly decreased nitric oxide production in vivo, which correlated well with rhein, baicalin, emodin and aloe-emodin. All the typical constituents of Xiexin Decoction, with the exception of physcione and chrysophanol, dose-dependently inhibited nitric oxide production in vitro. In an orthogonal designed in vitro study, rhein was the most powerful constituent, followed by baicalin then berberine and no synergy was found among these constituents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rhein was the most effective anti-inflammatory constituent in Xiexin Decoction followed by baicalin; no synergy was observed between rhein, baicalin and berberine at the pharmacodynamic level in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Bing-Liang
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yue-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Dong-Ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Tian-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chang-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C518364:Xiexin decoction