title: Dynamic carbon transfer during pathogenesis of sunflower by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea: from plant hexoses to mannitol.
abstract: The main steps for carbon acquisition and conversion by Botrytis cinerea during pathogenesis of sunflower cotyledon were investigated here. A sequential view of soluble carbon metabolites detected by NMR spectroscopy during infection is presented. Disappearance of plant hexoses and their conversion to fungal metabolites were investigated by expression analysis of an extended gene family of hexose transporters (Bchxts) and of the mannitol pathway, using quantitative PCR. In order to analyse the main fungal metabolic routes used by B. cinerea in real time, we performed, for the first time, in vivo NMR analyses during plant infection. During infection, B. cinerea converts plant hexoses into mannitol. Expression analysis of the sugar porter gene family suggested predominance for transcription induced upon low glucose conditions and regulated according to the developmental phase. Allocation of plant hexoses by the pathogen revealed a conversion to mannitol, trehalose and glycogen for glucose and a preponderant transformation of fructose to mannitol by a more efficient metabolic pathway. Uptake of plant hexoses by B. cinerea is based on a multigenic flexible hexose uptake system. Their conversion into mannitol, enabled by two simultaneously expressed pathways, generates a dynamic intracellular carbon pool.
authors.affiliation: Génomique Fonctionnelle des Champignons Pathogènes des Plantes, UMR Microbiologie, Adaptation & Pathogénie, Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003, France; Université Lyon1-CNRS-INSA-BayerCropScience, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois, Bât Lwoff, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dulermo
authors.affiliation: Génomique Fonctionnelle des Champignons Pathogènes des Plantes, UMR Microbiologie, Adaptation & Pathogénie, Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003, France; Université Lyon1-CNRS-INSA-BayerCropScience, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois, Bât Lwoff, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rascle
authors.affiliation: Génomique Fonctionnelle des Champignons Pathogènes des Plantes, UMR Microbiologie, Adaptation & Pathogénie, Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003, France; Université Lyon1-CNRS-INSA-BayerCropScience, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois, Bât Lwoff, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France.
authors.forename: Gaetan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chinnici
authors.affiliation: UMR 5168 Réponse & Dynamique Cellulaires, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Joseph Fourier-CEA-CNRS-INRA, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gout
authors.affiliation: UMR 5168 Réponse & Dynamique Cellulaires, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Joseph Fourier-CEA-CNRS-INRA, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bligny
authors.affiliation: Génomique Fonctionnelle des Champignons Pathogènes des Plantes, UMR Microbiologie, Adaptation & Pathogénie, Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003, France; Université Lyon1-CNRS-INSA-BayerCropScience, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois, Bât Lwoff, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cotton
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D020171:Botrytis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D005632:Fructose / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006368:Helianthus / Q000382:microbiology*; D006601:Hexoses / Q000378:metabolism*; D008353:Mannitol / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D014199:Trehalose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006601:Hexoses; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D005632:Fructose; D008353:Mannitol; D002244:Carbon; D006003:Glycogen; D014199:Trehalose; D005947:Glucose