title: Applications of adaptive focused acoustics to compound management.
abstract: Since the introduction of lithotripsy kidney stone therapy, Focused Acoustics and its properties have been thoroughly utilized in medicine and exploration. More recently, Compound Management is exploring its applications and benefits to sample integrity. There are 2 forms of Focused Acoustics: Acoustic Droplet Ejection and Adaptive Focused Acoustics, which work by emitting high-powered acoustic waves through water toward a focused point. This focused power results in noncontact plate-to-plate sample transfer or sample dissolution, respectively. For the purposes of this article, only Adaptive Focused Acoustics will be addressed. Adaptive Focused Acoustics uses high-powered acoustic waves to mix, homogenize, dissolve, and thaw samples. It facilitates transferable samples through noncontact, closed-container, isothermal mixing. Experimental results show significantly reduced mixing times, limited degradation, and ideal use for heat-sensitive compounds. Upon implementation, acoustic dissolution has reduced the number of samples requiring longer mixing times as well as reducing the number impacted by incomplete compound dissolution. It has also helped in increasing the overall sample concentration from 6 to 8 mM to 8 to 10 mM by ensuring complete compound solubilization. The application of Adaptive Focused Acoustics, however, cannot be applied to all Compound Management processes, such as sample thawing and low-volume sample reconstitution. This article will go on to describe the areas where Adaptive Focused Acoustics adds value as well as areas in which it has shown no clear benefit.
authors.affiliation: Compound Management, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA. elizabeth.a.nixon@gsk.com
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holland-Crimmin
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lupotsky
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dobbs
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Blaxill
mesh_terms: D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013016:Sound
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations