title: Comparison of a composite symptom score assessing both symptom frequency and severity with a score that assesses frequency alone: a preliminary study to develop a practical symptom score to detect gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in a resource-poor setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a need for a practical instrument to screen for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in epidemiological studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a practical score to detect GORD and compare assessment of both symptom frequency and severity with frequency alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and 150 volunteers with no such past history faced an interviewer-administered questionnaire assessing seven symptoms, graded for frequency and severity. Two scores were generated. Score 1, the sum of frequency of symptoms and score 2, the sum of products of frequency and severity of each. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability and criterion validity against 24-h pH monitoring were assessed. Cut-off scores were generated by receiver operating characteristic curves using scores of half the volunteers and patients selected randomly and validated on the other half.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cut-off scores and area under the curve for score 1 were >/=10.5 and 0.93, and score 2 were >/=12.5 and 0.93, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing the disease in the remaining participants using score 1 was 89.7 and 92.4% and score 2 was 93.8 and 94.0%, respectively. The instrument had good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.73) and reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient of scores 1 and 2 were 0.94 and 0.95, respectively). Score 2 showed better correlation with 24-h pH monitoring parameters (Spearman's rank correlation, P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our score is valid, reliable and can detect GORD with high sensitivity and specificity. A score assessing both frequency and severity of symptoms correlates better to an objective measure of GORD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka. lakmali_g@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Lakmali D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Amarasiri
authors.forename: Arunasalam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pathmeswaran
authors.forename: Arjuna P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: De Silva
authors.forename: Anuradha S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dassanayake
authors.forename: Channa D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ranasinha
authors.forename: Janaka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult