title: The presence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder worsen psychosocial and educational problems in Tourette syndrome.
abstract: We assessed the psychosocial and educational consequences of Tourette syndrome using a structured interview and child behavior checklist in 314 children with Tourette syndrome and 81 healthy controls. Of the children with Tourette syndrome, 59.0% needed some kind of educational support, 44.7% had been teased, and 61.8% withheld themselves from taking part in social activities because of Tourette syndrome-related problems. There were significantly more psychosocial and educational problems in children with Tourette syndrome compared with healthy controls. A higher rate of these problems was also seen if the comorbidities attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or obsessive compulsive disorder were present. It is very important for the physicians, teachers, and other professionals to be aware of the high prevalence of these social and educational problems to be able to deal with them and to teach the families to cope with them.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Glostrup University Hospital, Denmark. nanettemol@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nanette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Debes
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hjalgrim
authors.forename: Liselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult