Physiology of bone.
Bone serves three main physiological functions. Its mechanical nature provides support for locomotion and offers protection to vulnerable internal organs, it forms a reservoir for storage of calcium and phosphate in the body, and it provides an environment for bone marrow and for the development of haematopoietic cells. The traditional view of a passive tissue responding to hormonal and dietary influences has changed over the past half century to one of a dynamic adaptive tissue responding to mechanical demands. This chapter gathers together some recent advances in bone physiology and molecular cell biology and discusses the potential application of the bone's functional adaptation to loading in enhancing bone strength during childhood and adolescence.
Grabowski
Peter
P
Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. p.grabowski@sheffield.ac.uk
D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000502:physiology; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
D008903:Minerals