Expression of glutaredoxin-1 in nasal polyps and airway epithelial cells.
BACKGROUND
Glutaredoxins (GRX)-1 is glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase. However, the role of these enzymes remains unknown in airway inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we aimed to establish the expression pattern of GRX-1 in the nasal polyps (NPs) and to assess the regulatory mechanisms associated with GRX-1 expression in interleukin (IL)-1 beta-treated airway epithelial cells.


METHODS
The expression of GRX-1 in NPs and normal nasal mucosa were analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. IL-1 beta-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and GRX-1 expression in the airway epithelial cells was determined by flow cytometry and immunoassay.


RESULTS
The expression level of GRX-1 in NPs was significantly higher than in the normal nasal mucosa (p < 0.05). GRX-1 was highly expressed in the surface epithelial cells and the submucosal glandular cells in the NPs. IL-1 beta increased the intracellular ROS formation and GRX-1 expression in airway epithelial cells. The inhibition of IL-1 beta-induced ROS production by N-acetyl-cystein, an ROS scavenger, reduced GRX-1 expression. Diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin, NADPH oxidase inhibitors, did not abolish IL-1 beta-induced ROS formation and GRX-1 expression, whereas budesonide attenuated it.


CONCLUSIONS
High GRX-1 expression in NPs might be a primary defense against chronic inflammatory oxidative stress in nasal mucosa. IL-1 beta-induced up-regulation of GRX-1 in airway epithelial cells is probably mediated by ROS. Glucocorticoids can regulate IL-1 beta-induced ROS formation and GRX-1 expression.
Woo
Hyun-Jae
HJ
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gumi CHA Hospital, College of Medicine, CHA University, Gumi, Republic of Korea.
Bae
Chang Hoon
CH
Song
Si-Youn
SY
Kim
Yong-Woon
YW
Lee
Heung-Man
HM
Kim
Yong-Dae
YD
D000328:Adult; D019819:Budesonide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D054477:Glutaredoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D054477:Glutaredoxins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019819:Budesonide