title: Interleukin-21 effectively induces apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma through a STAT1-dependent mechanism.
abstract: Interleukin-21 (IL-21) has been recently shown to modulate the growth of specific types of B-cell neoplasm. Here, we studied the biological effects of IL-21 in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). All MCL cell lines and tumors examined expressed the IL-21 receptor. Addition of recombinant IL-21 (rIL-21) in vitro effectively induced STAT1 activation and apoptosis in MCL cells. As STAT1 is known to have tumor-suppressor functions, we hypothesized that STAT1 is important in mediating IL-21-induced apoptosis in MCL cells. In support of this hypothesis, inhibition of STAT1 expression using siRNA significantly decreased the apoptotic responses induced by IL-21. To further investigate the mechanism of IL-21-mediated apoptosis, we employed oligonucleotide arrays to evaluate changes in the expression of apoptosis-related genes induced by rIL-21; rIL-21 significantly upregulated three proapoptotic proteins (BIK, NIP3 and HARAKIRI) and downregulated two antiapoptotic proteins (BCL-2 and BCL-XL/S) as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Using an ELISA-based assay, we demonstrated that rIL-21 significantly decreased the DNA binding of nuclear factor-kappaB, a transcriptional factor known to be a survival signal for MCL cells. To conclude, IL-21 can effectively induce apoptosis in MCL via a STAT1-dependent pathway. Further understanding of IL-21-mediated apoptosis in MCL may be useful in designing novel therapeutic approaches for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gelebart
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dien-Bard
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020522:Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D053655:Receptors, Interleukin-21 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000098546:Interleukin-21
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D053655:Receptors, Interleukin-21; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D000098546:Interleukin-21