title: Adult stature and diabetes complications in patients with type 1 diabetes: the FinnDiane Study and the diabetes control and complications trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Short adult stature has previously been associated with cardiovascular disease, but its relationship with the microvascular complications of diabetes is uncertain. Therefore, we evaluated the association between adult stature and prevalence and incidence of diabetic microvascular complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional and longitudinal study comprises 3,968 adult patients with type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study and 1,246 adult patients from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). In FinnDiane, diabetic nephropathy was defined as urinary albumin excretion > or = 300 mg/24 h, dialysis, or renal transplantation. Retinopathy was divided into background and proliferative (laser-treated) retinopathy. In the DCCT, original nephropathy (class 1-6) and retinopathy (Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study) classifications were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the FinnDiane study, patients in the lowest quartile of adult height had increased risks of prevalent diabetic nephropathy (odds ratio [OR] 1.71, 95% CI 1.44-2.02) and prevalent laser-treated retinopathy (1.66, 1.43-1.93) compared with other patients. Similarly, in the DCCT, patients in the lowest quartile of adult height had increased risks of incident diabetic nephropathy class 4-6 (hazard ratio 2.70, 95% CI 1.59-4.59) and incident proliferative retinopathy (2.06, 1.15-3.71). In the FinnDiane study, the associations were largely explained by childhood exposure to diabetes. However, in the DCCT, where a greater proportion of patients had diabetes onset >18 years, the association with nephropathy was independent of childhood diabetes exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short adult stature is associated with microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. These findings are compatible with either childhood diabetes exposure or "common soil" or both as potential explanations.
authors.affiliation: Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wadén
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forsblom
authors.forename: Lena M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Thorn
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saraheimo
authors.forename: Milla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosengård-Bärlund
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
authors.forename: Kustaa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hietala
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: Per-Henrik
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Groop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D001827:Body Height; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin