title: Chronic treatment with fluphenazine alters parameters of oxidative stress in liver and kidney of rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the toxic effects of chronic exposure to fluphenazine in liver and kidney of rats, as well as the possible protective effect of diphenyl diselenide on the fluphenazine-induced damage. Long-term treatment with fluphenazine caused an increase in lipid peroxidation levels in liver and kidney homogenates. Diphenyl diselenide treatment did not affect delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity, but fluphenazine alone or in combination with diphenyl diselenide showed an inhibitory effect on delta-ALA-D activity in liver. Diphenyl diselenide plus fluphenazine treatment increased the reactivation index of hepatic delta-ALA-D by approximately 80%. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased in liver of rats treated with fluphenazine alone. The combined treatment with fluphenazine and diphenyl diselenide was able to ameliorate superoxide dismutase activity in liver of rats. Catalase activity was augmented in liver from rats treated with fluphenazine, and this increase was prevented when diphenyl diselenide was co-administered. Taken together, these results indicate that the association of diphenyl diselenide with fluphenazine could protect the liver from lipid peroxidation and ameliorate superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Moreover, our data point to the relationship between the oxidative stress and fluphenazine treatment in liver and kidney of rats.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Santa Maria, Center of Exacts and Natural Sciences, Chemistry Department, Graduation Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane L Dalla
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Corte
authors.forename: Roselei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fachinetto
authors.forename: Robson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Puntel
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Cristina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Félix A Antunes
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: João B T
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005476:Fluphenazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D015415:Biomarkers; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D020011:Protective Agents; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C061132:diphenyldiselenide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase; D005476:Fluphenazine