title: Androgen receptor expression in prostate cancer cells is suppressed by activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and ErbB2.
abstract: Prostate cancers (PCa) that relapse after androgen deprivation therapies [castration-resistant PCa (CRPC)] express high levels of androgen receptor (AR) and androgen-regulated genes, and evidence from several groups indicates that ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases [epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2] may contribute to enhancing this AR activity. We found that activation of these kinases with EGF and heregulin-beta1 rapidly (within 8 hours) decreased expression of endogenous AR and androgen-regulated PSA in LNCaP PCa cells. AR expression was similarly decreased in LAPC4 and C4-2 cells, but not in the CWR22Rv1 PCa cell line. The rapid decrease in AR was not due to increased AR protein degradation and was not blocked by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (LY294002) or MEK (UO126) inhibitors. Significantly, AR mRNA levels in LNCaP cells were markedly decreased by EGF and heregulin-beta1, and experiments with actinomycin D to block new mRNA synthesis showed that AR mRNA degradation was increased. AR mRNA levels were still markedly decreased by EGF and heregulin-beta1 in LNCaP cells adapted to growth in androgen-depleted medium, although AR protein levels did not decline due to increased AR protein stability. These findings show that EGFR and ErbB2 can negatively regulate AR mRNA and may provide an approach to suppress AR expression in CRPC.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology Program/Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Changmeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Portnoy
authors.forename: Hongyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xinnong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shaoyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Balk
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017931:DNA Primers; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011944:Receptors, Androgen