title: Assessing the influence of skin color and tooth shade value on perceived smile attractiveness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors conducted a study to determine whether variations in skin color would influence perceptions of smile attractiveness for a given tooth shade value.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a photograph of a woman smiling, the authors altered skin color to consist of four tones (fair, fair/medium, medium/dark and dark) and altered tooth shade value (brightness) to range from 00 (brightest) to 05 (darkest). Two groups of judges (70 dentists, 70 laypeople) completed a questionnaire and rated the images for smile attractiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For most tooth shade values (00, 01, 03, 04, 05), multiple mixed linear regression showed that variation in skin color influenced respondents' perceptions of smile attractiveness (P < .001). For images corresponding to tooth shade values 01, 02, 03, 04 and 05, men provided lower ratings than did women (P < .05). Attractiveness ratings increased with the age of participants (P < .05). Dentists rated images higher than did laypeople (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variation in skin color for most tooth shade values influenced dentists' and laypeople's perceived smile attractiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dentists and laypeople did not perceive the brightest tooth shade to be the most attractive, and they did not perceive all skin colors to be equally attractive with bright white teeth. Respondents perceived dark skin with bright white teeth and fair skin with dark teeth as relatively unattractive.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Department, St. George's Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Ruchika S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sabherwal
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Farhad B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Naini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People; D001290:Attitude; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003116:Color; D003815:Dentists; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D012904:Smiling; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D044465:White People