title: The impact of childhood activity limitations on parental health, mental health, and workdays lost in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine if and to what extent the onset and persistence of childhood activity limitations (ongoing, resolved, or newly reported) resulted in subsequent adverse health, mental health, and work attendance outcomes among parents in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study was conducted using 10 panels (1996-2005) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a household survey of a nationally representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population in the United States. Participants in this study were 18 827 parents and their children aged 0 to 17 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 2-year study period, 15.6% of parents reported caring for a child aged 0 to 17 years with a limitation. Parents of children with any activity limitation were significantly more likely to experience subsequent poor health and mental health. Parents of children with ongoing or newly reported limitations had an increased number of lost workdays as compared with parents of children without limitations. Moreover, caring for multiple children with activity limitations was predictive of adverse parental mental health outcomes. Parents of children with ongoing activity limitations had significantly increased odds of poor mental health compared with parents of children with resolved limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caring for a child with activity limitations affects the health, mental health, and work attendance of parents. These findings indicate that child health can importantly influence the health and work behavior of the family and that health care providers should consider a family-centered approach to care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 North Walnut Street, Office 503, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA. wwitt@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Whitney P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: Carissa A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hampton
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Litzelman
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014481:United States