title: Monitoring system for isolated limb perfusion based on a portable gamma camera.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of malignant melanoma or sarcomas on a limb using extremity perfusion with tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and melphalan can result in a high degree of systemic toxicity if there is any leakage from the isolated blood territory of the limb into the systemic vascular territory. Leakage is currently controlled by using radiotracers and heavy external probes in a procedure that requires continuous manual calculations. The aim of this work was to develop a light, easily transportable system to monitor limb perfusion leakage by controlling systemic blood pool radioactivity with a portable gamma camera adapted for intraoperative use as an external probe, and to initiate its application in the treatment of MM patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A special collimator was built for maximal sensitivity. Software for acquisition and data processing in real time was developed. After testing the adequacy of the system, it was used to monitor limb perfusion leakage in 16 patients with malignant melanoma to be treated with perfusion of TNF-alpha and melphalan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The field of view of the detector system was 13.8 cm, which is appropriate for the monitoring, since the area to be controlled was the precordial zone. The sensitivity of the system was 257 cps/MBq. When the percentage of leakage reaches 10% the associated absolute error is +/-1%. After a mean follow-up period of 12 months, no patients have shown any significant or lasting side-effects. Partial or complete remission of lesions was seen in 9 out of 16 patients (56%) after HILP with TNF-alpha and melphalan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detector system together with specially developed software provides a suitable automatic continuous monitoring system of any leakage that may occur during limb perfusion. This technique has been successfully implemented in patients for whom perfusion with TNF-alpha and melphalan has been indicated.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orero
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vidal-Sicart
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roé
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muxí
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubí
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rull
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pavón
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pavía
mesh_terms: D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004867:Equipment Design; D005121:Extremities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008558:Melphalan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013667:Technetium; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013667:Technetium; D008558:Melphalan