title: Blastocyst microinjection automation.
abstract: Blastocyst microinjections are routinely involved in the process of creating genetically modified mice for biomedical research, but their efficiency is highly dependent on the skills of the operators. As a consequence, much time and resources are required for training microinjection personnel. This situation has been aggravated by the rapid growth of genetic research, which has increased the demand for mutant animals. Therefore, increased productivity and efficiency in this area are highly desired. Here, we pursue these goals through the automation of a previously developed teleoperated blastocyst microinjection system. This included the design of a new system setup to facilitate automation, the definition of rules for automatic microinjections, the implementation of video processing algorithms to extract feedback information from microscope images, and the creation of control algorithms for process automation. Experimentation conducted with this new system and operator assistance during the cells delivery phase demonstrated a 75% microinjection success rate. In addition, implantation of the successfully injected blastocysts resulted in a 53% birth rate and a 20% yield of chimeras. These results proved that the developed system was capable of automatic blastocyst penetration and retraction, demonstrating the success of major steps toward full process automation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Robotics, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa 16163, Italy. leonardo.demattos@iit.it
authors.forename: Leonardo S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Mattos
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thresher
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kluckman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001331:Automation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001757:Blastomeres / Q000502:physiology*; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008845:Microinjections / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy