title: Comparison of long-term clinical outcome between transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion and surgical closure of isolated patent ductus arteriosus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion of patent ductus artertiosus (PDA) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to surgical closure. The goal of this study was to compare long-term clinical outcomes between two procedures, especially on chronic residual shunt, late or very late procedure-related complications, and regression of pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular dilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total 255 patients having isolated PDA with a minimal diameter of >or= 4 mm treated from January 2000 to July 2003 were included in this study and have been followed up until July 2008. The patients were assigned to either the device or surgical closure group according to the patients' and/or their parents' preference. Baseline physical exams, chest roentgenography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography were performed preprocedure and at each follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two patients accepted the transcatheter procedure (Group-TC) and 183 underwent surgical operation (Group-SO) for PDA closure, both groups were similar in their demographics and preoperative clinical characteristics. There were no cardiac deaths and late complications such as infectious endocarditis and Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) dislodge in either group. More acute procedure-related complications were recorded in Group-SO (13.7%) compared with Group-TC (1.4%) (P = 0.004). The recovery time was (8.7 +/- 2.3) days for the Group-SO and (1.3 +/- 0.5) days for the Group-TC (P < 0.001). The survival freedom from persistent residual shunt, defined as residual shunt that can not resolve automatically, was 91.3% for Group-SO and 98.6% for Group-TC (P = 0.037 by Log-rank test). There was no significant difference in regression of pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular dilation; neither survival freedom from pulmonary hypertension nor abnormal left ventricular end-diastolic volume index were significantly different between the surgical group and the Amplatzer group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirmed the long-term safety and efficacy of transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion. In comparison to the time-proven surgical closure, transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion was less invasive and associated with fewer complications and residual shunt, and as effective in the regression of pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular dilation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-yang
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yu-kun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Chao-gui
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ya-fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Xing-chun
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Liang-long
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult