title: Low-density lipoproteins oxidized after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a complex phenomenon causing destruction of both local and remote tissues, as well as multiple-organ failure. We investigated the role of lipid peroxidation in damage to intestinal, liver, and lung tissues in this pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  The superior mesenteric artery was blocked for 30 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Tissues were removed and the presence of oxidized LDL, the activities of the superoxide dismutase enzyme, malondialdehyde levels, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression were each evaluated in the intestinal, liver, and lung tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While there was no staining in the control group tissues, ischemia/reperfusion resulted in positive oxidized LDL staining in all of the I/R test group tissue samples. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was significantly increased in the ischemia/reperfusion group tissues. Compared with those of the control group rats, the ischemia/reperfusion group tissues showed significantly higher malondialdehyde levels and lower superoxide dismutase activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated for the first time that oxidized LDL accumulated in the terminal ileum, liver, and lung tissues after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. This occurrence (or the presence of oxidized LDL) may be an indicator of ongoing oxidative stress and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Augmentation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression may play a role in progression of inflammation and LDL oxidation. These data support the hypothesis that cellular oxidative stress is a critical step in reperfusion-mediated injury in both the intestine and end organs, and that antioxidant strategies may provide organ protection in patients with reperfusion injury, at least through affecting interaction with free radicals, nitric oxide, and oxidized LDL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ishak Ozel
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.forename: Emine Yilmaz
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Sipahi
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comert
authors.forename: Serefden
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Acikgoz
authors.forename: Gamze
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yurdakan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007082:Ileum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior; D008641:Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase