title: Anti-angiogenic effects and mechanisms of polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea with different molecular weights.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antrodia cinnamomea is a popular medicinal mushroom in Taiwan that has been widely used for treatment of various cancers and liver diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect on angiogenesis of polysaccharides from mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea (PMAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  PMAC were extracted in boiling water, precipitated with 95% ethanol, and separated into four different molecular weights (<5, 5-30, 30-100, > 100 kDa). Tube formation and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay were used to determine the in vitro and ex vivo anti-angiogenic effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only the PMAC-mononuclear cells (MNCs)-conditioned medium (CM) with MW > 100 kDa significantly and concentration-dependently decreased the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in human leukemia cells and inhibited the matrigel tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Similarly only the PMAC-MNC-CM with MW > 100 kDa significantly and concentration-dependently increased the levels of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In addition, the ex vivo CAM assay revealed that only the PMAC with MW>100 kDa significantly and dose-dependently inhibited neovascularization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMAC with MW > 100 kDa are anti-angiogenic in vitro and ex vivo, and the effects are likely through immunomodulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chih-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yu-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ran-Juh
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Miao-Lin
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055491:Antrodia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D025282:Mycelium; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma