title: Orthodontic retention patterns in the United Kingdom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether retention patterns in the UK are influenced by operator gender, age or sphere of practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postal self-completed questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private practice, NHS practice, hospital practice and community practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and forty orthodontists out of 301 returned their questionnaires (80% response).
  
  
  METHODS
  Respondents were asked to report on their retention regimes for a hypothetical crowded class II division I case in the one or more practice settings they worked in.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most respondents (61%) worked in more than one practice setting. Vacuum retainers were the most commonly used type in NHS practice and hospital practice while Hawley retainers were frequently used in community practice. Vacuum retainers were also most popular in private practice though often used in conjunction with bonded retainers in both arches, particularly the mandible. Regression analysis revealed that there were no statistically significant associations between retainer preference and gender or age. However, trends were identified that suggested females were less likely to use bonded retainers in the maxilla than males, and older clinicians were more likely to use bonded retainers in the mandible than younger colleagues. Practice setting differences were found to be statistically significant (P< or =0.004) with bonded retainers being more frequently used in private practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vacuum retainers are popular in NHS, hospital and private practice. Bonded retainers are more commonly used in private practice than in other settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Queen Mary University of London, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK.
authors.forename: Parmjit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Sarri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grammati
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kirschen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003149:Community Dentistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003796:Dental Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008334:Mandible; D008437:Maxilla; D008875:Middle Aged; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D018704:Orthodontic Retainers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019239:Practice Patterns, Dentists' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011331:Private Practice; D011364:Professional Practice; D012737:Sex Factors; D013218:State Dentistry; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom