Anti-angiogenic effects and mechanisms of polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea with different molecular weights.
BACKGROUND
Antrodia cinnamomea is a popular medicinal mushroom in Taiwan that has been widely used for treatment of various cancers and liver diseases.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect on angiogenesis of polysaccharides from mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea (PMAC).


METHODS
PMAC were extracted in boiling water, precipitated with 95% ethanol, and separated into four different molecular weights (<5, 5-30, 30-100, > 100 kDa). Tube formation and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay were used to determine the in vitro and ex vivo anti-angiogenic effects.


RESULTS
Only the PMAC-mononuclear cells (MNCs)-conditioned medium (CM) with MW > 100 kDa significantly and concentration-dependently decreased the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in human leukemia cells and inhibited the matrigel tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Similarly only the PMAC-MNC-CM with MW > 100 kDa significantly and concentration-dependently increased the levels of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In addition, the ex vivo CAM assay revealed that only the PMAC with MW>100 kDa significantly and dose-dependently inhibited neovascularization.


CONCLUSIONS
PMAC with MW > 100 kDa are anti-angiogenic in vitro and ex vivo, and the effects are likely through immunomodulation.
Yang
Chih-Min
CM
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
Zhou
Yu-Jie
YJ
Wang
Ran-Juh
RJ
Hu
Miao-Lin
ML
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055491:Antrodia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D025282:Mycelium; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma