title: An assessment of the CES-D scale factor structure in black women: The Black Women's Health Study.
abstract: This study investigates the dimensional structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale in US Black women with and without history of cancer via single-group and multi-group analyses. The CES-D questionnaire was administered in 1999 to 50,774 black women who are participants in the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS). For our analysis, we utilized a group of 690 women with a history of at least one of the three types of cancer (breast cancer, colon cancer or lung cancer) and an age-matched group of 1,380 healthy women with no history of any cancer or other chronic conditions including myocardial infarctions, stroke, angina, diabetes, lupus, and sarcoidosis. Three a priori hypothesized models were tested via confirmatory factor analysis: single-, three- and four-factor structures. The four-factor model provided the best fit and remained largely invariant across the groups when tested via multi-group comparisons. Two internal consistency measures of the scale (Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half coefficient) were also shown to be satisfactory. We concluded that the CES-D scale is appropriate for use in black women regardless of their cancer status.
authors.affiliation: Howard University Cancer Center, 2041 Georgia Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20060, USA. makambi1@hotmail.com; kmakambi@howard.edu
authors.forename: Kepher H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Makambi
authors.forename: Carla D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Teletia R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Lucile L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Adams-Campbell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016387:Women's Health