title: ZAAPS International Surveillance Program (2007) for linezolid resistance: results from 5591 Gram-positive clinical isolates in 23 countries.
abstract: The 2007 ZAAPS Program reports the results from the 6th year of oxazolidinone (linezolid) resistance surveillance among Gram-positive pathogens from 23 nations. For 2007, a total of 5591 organisms were systematically sampled from Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, and Latin America including Staphylococcus aureus (3000 isolates, 38.2% methicillin resistant), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS, 716 isolates), enterococci (906 isolates), Streptococcus pneumoniae (452 isolates), viridans group streptococci (155 isolates), and beta-hemolytic streptococci (362 isolates). The overall linezolid MIC distribution (MIC(50) and MIC(90) at 1 and 2 microg/mL, respectively) was unchanged since 2002. At published linezolid breakpoints (, or = 2 microg/mL), all streptococci were susceptible; however, resistance was observed very rarely among S. aureus (0.03%), CoNS (0.28%), and the enterococci (0.11%, 0.55% intermediate). These oxazolidinone-nonsusceptible isolates occurred in Ireland, Italy, China, and Brazil (9 strains), and the rate was not increased since 2006. The detected mechanism of resistance was G2576 target mutations; no cfr-mediated patterns were observed. Clonal outbreaks with patient-to-patient dissemination were documented in 1 Italian site. Linezolid appears to retain excellent activity against monitored Gram-positive pathogens at a level of >99.8%.
authors.affiliation: JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA 52317, USA. ronald-jones@jmilabs.com
authors.forename: Ronald N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001208:Asia; D001315:Australia; D002170:Canada; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America; D000069349:Linezolid; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D000069349:Linezolid