title: How do different indices of obesity correlate with cardiometabolic disease risk factors in multiethnic youths?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between cardiometabolic disease risk factors (CDRFs) among ethnic minorities and anthropometric factors including body mass index z score, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHTR) in Hispanic and non-Hispanic black youths originating primarily from Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data of 167 young persons 2 to 19 years of age encountered in an outpatient pediatric endocrinology clinic were analyzed. The CDRFs included fasting insulin and glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, cardiac C-reactive protein (CRP), and apolipoproteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both the non-Hispanic black and the Hispanic youths, WC was significantly correlated with SBP (r = 0.63; P<.001 and r = 0.50; P<.001, respectively), DBP (r = 0.61; P<.001 and r = 0.47; P<.001, respectively), and cardiac CRP (r = 0.76; P<.001 and r = 0.26; P = .026, respectively). Similarly, WHTR was significantly correlated with SBP, DBP, and cardiac CRP for the non-Hispanic black study subjects, whereas SBP (r = 0.22; P = .01), DBP (r = 0.34; P<.001), fasting insulin (r = 0.43; P<.001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.38; P<.001), apolipoprotein A-I (r = 0.30; P = .01), and CRP (r = 0.44; P<.001) were significantly correlated for the Hispanic group. For both groups, body mass index z score was not consistently correlated with CDRFs, and waist-to-hip ratio was not significantly correlated with any CDRFs, except for apolipoprotein B in non-Hispanic black youths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that WC and WHTR may be useful anthropometric factors for better identification of ethnic minority youths at risk for adult-onset cardiometabolic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Sissi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cossio
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Messiah
authors.forename: Nayely
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garibay-Nieto
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopez-Mitnik
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Kristopher L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Arheart
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Iregui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult