title: The combined effect of mineral trioxide aggregate and enamel matrix derivative on odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current study investigated the effectiveness of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in inducing the differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) into odontoblast-like cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of MTA and EMD on odontoblastic differentiation were indexed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of odontoblastic/osteoblastic markers, as determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Mineralization was also evaluated by the staining of calcium deposits with Alizarin red. Cells were treated with a combination of MTA and EMD or with MTA alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with MTA-treated cells on day 3, MTA/EMD-treated cells exhibited significantly greater increases in ALP activity and in dentin sialophosphoprotein and bone sialoprotein expression. Mineralization was significantly greater on day 7 in MTA/EMD-treated cells than in MTA-treated cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that a combination of MTA and EMD promotes more rapid differentiation in HDPCs than MTA alone and that this combination is thus a potential pulp-capping agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-San
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Seong-Hak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Eun-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D010087:Oxides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D017640:Silicates; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C546871:IBSP protein, human; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate