Haploidentical hemopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of high-risk leukemias: how NK cells make the difference.
T-cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation from an HLA-haploidentical relative (Haplo HSCT) may represent a suitable and effective transplant option, as it is capable of rescuing not only adult patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemias (AML) but also children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), as shown by the two representative cases presented in this study. In Haplo HSCT, the anti-leukemia effect is mediated by "alloreactive" (i.e. KIR/HLA-mismatched) NK cells originated from donor HSCs. The availability of suitable KIR-specific monoclonal antibodies allows the prompt identification of alloreactive NK cell subsets as well as their quantification. This is important for selection of the most suitable donor and evaluation of the generation and persistence of these alloreactive NK cells after transplantation. In view of the favorable clinical outcome of children with chemo-resistant ALL, Haplo HSCT from an NK-alloreactive relative could become a first option in these high-risk leukemia patients.
Locatelli
Franco
F
Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Foundation, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Pende
Daniela
D
Maccario
Rita
R
Mingari
Maria Cristina
MC
Moretta
Alessandro
A
Moretta
Lorenzo
L
D002675:Child, Preschool; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000276:immunology; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000276:immunology*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D054340:Receptors, KIR / Q000276:immunology; D014181:Transplantation Immunology / Q000276:immunology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D007519:Isoantigens; D054340:Receptors, KIR