title: The role of thyroid autoantibodies in the etiology of endemic goiter in schoolchildren of Isfahan, Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eleven years after the initiation of universal salt iodization program in Iran, the prevalence of goiter is still high in some areas.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of thyroid autoimmunity in the etiology of residual goiter in schoolchildren of Isfahan, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, 2331 schoolchildren were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. Thyroid size was estimated in each child by inspection and palpation. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (anti-TPO Ab), and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (Anti-Tg Ab) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 32.9% of children had goiter. The median UIC was 1955.5 microg/dl. There was significant difference in prevalence of positive anti-TPO Ab in goitrous (grade 2) and non-goitrous children (9.7 vs 3.7%, p= 0.02). Goitrous children had higher prevalence of positive anti-Tg Ab than non-goitrous ones (15.1 vs 3.1%, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the present study, goiter is still a public health problem in this region. This study suggests that thyroid autoimmunity is among the contributors of goiter persistence after elimination of iodine deficiency in Isfahan.
authors.affiliation: Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Seddigheh Tahereh Research Complex, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram street, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashemipour
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Keshteli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siavash
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006043:Goiter, Endemic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology; D007455:Iodine / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C006606:anti-thyroglobulin; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase