title: Psychological distress and its correlates in older care-dependent persons living at home.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined psychological distress in older people receiving home nursing care. The influence of risk factors and personal resources on their perceived psychological distress was also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A linear regression analysis was applied in a cross-sectional sample of 214 patients aged 75 years and older. Psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The independent variables were sex, education, age, living arrangement, household composition, reported illnesses, Barthel ADL Index, self-rated health, Subjective Health Complaints, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, Sense of Coherence and Revised Social Provision Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 214 participants, 23 (10.7%) reported experiencing psychological distress using a cutoff point of 4 or more on a GHQ case score. Sense of coherence, education and subjective health complaints were the only factors that were significantly related to psychological distress in the multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The general level of psychological distress was low. Low psychological distress was related to an inner strength conceptualized as sense of coherence. Commonly reported risk factors such as sex, household composition and perceived social support, and objective measures of somatic and mental health and bodily dysfunctions were not related to psychological distress. Suggested reasons for this are greater acceptance of bodily and functional shortcomings and of changes related to goal achievement in old age, according to the model of selective optimization with compensation.
authors.affiliation: University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway. elin.thygesen@uia.no
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thygesen
authors.forename: Hans Inge
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Saevareid
authors.forename: Torill Christine
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Engedal
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006699:Home Care Services; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D009735:Nursing Homes; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires