An ultrasoft X-ray multi-microbeam irradiation system for studies of DNA damage responses by fixed- and live-cell fluorescence microscopy.
Localized induction of DNA damage is a valuable tool for studying cellular DNA damage responses. In recent decades, methods have been developed to generate DNA damage using radiation of various types, including photons and charged particles. Here we describe a simple ultrasoft X-ray multi-microbeam system for high dose-rate, localized induction of DNA strand breaks in cells at spatially and geometrically adjustable sites. Our system can be combined with fixed- and live-cell microscopy to study responses of cells to DNA damage.
van Oven
Carel
C
Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Microscopical Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Krawczyk
Przemek M
PM
Stap
Jan
J
Melo
Arline M
AM
Piazzetta
Maria H O
MH
Gobbi
Angelo L
AL
van Veen
Henk A
HA
Verhoeven
Jan
J
Aten
Jacob A
JA
D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004247:DNA / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004260:DNA Repair; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D014965:X-Rays
D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D004247:DNA