Selective targeting of green fluorescent nanodiamond conjugates to mitochondria in HeLa cells.
Fluorescent cellular biomarkers play a prominent role in biosciences. Most of the available biomarkers have some drawbacks due to either physical and optical or cytotoxic properties. In view of this, we investigated the potential of green fluorescent nanodiamonds as biomarkers in living cells. Nanodiamonds were functionalized by attaching antibodies that target intracellular structures such as actin filaments and mitochondria. Then, the nanodiamond conjugates were transfected into HeLa cells. Transfections were mediated by 4(th)-generation dendrimers, cationic liposomes and protamine sulfate. Using fluorescence microscopy, we confirmed successful transfections of the nanodiamonds into HeLa cells. Nanodiamond fluorescence could be easily differentiated from cellular autofluorescence. Furthermore, nanodiamonds could be targeted selectively to intracellular structures. Therefore, nanodiamonds are a promising tool for intracellular assays.
Mkandawire
Msaukiranji
M
Institute of Genetics, University of Technology Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany. msau.mkandawire@gmail.com
Pohl
Andrea
A
Gubarevich
Tatiana
T
Lapina
Victoria
V
Appelhans
Dietmar
D
Rödel
Gerhard
G
Pompe
Wolfgang
W
Schreiber
Jürgen
J
Opitz
Jörg
J
D000199:Actins / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D002234:Carbodiimides / Q000737:chemistry; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry; D018130:Diamond / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D015336:Molecular Probe Techniques; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011479:Protamines / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D055672:Static Electricity; D013388:Succinimides / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
C518491:1-ethyl-3-(3-(diethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide; D000199:Actins; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002234:Carbodiimides; D050091:Dendrimers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D008081:Liposomes; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C465543:N-hydroxysulfosuccimide; D011479:Protamines; D013388:Succinimides; D018130:Diamond