title: Venous thromboembolism following primary total hip arthroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the absence of thromboprophylaxis, venographically detected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately 50% of patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty. Despite the existence of national and international guidelines, thromboprophylaxis may be underused.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of the clinical incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and thromboprophylactic practice patterns over a nine year period. Patient baseline characteristics, VTE risk factors, prophylactic modalities (mechanical and pharmacological), operation duration, type of prosthesis and fixation, mode of anesthesia, hospital length of stay (LOS) were analyzed. The main efficacy outcome was DVT and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). The primary safety outcome was major bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In-hospital incidence of VTE was 2.5% and 3.8% up to three months post hospital discharge. Median time to postoperative VTE development in-hospital and after discharge was 6.5 days (IQR: 5.0 to 8.0 days) and 29.0 days (IQR: 19.5 to 38.0 days) respectively. 66.7% (95% CI: 30.0 to 90.3%) of all readmissions for VTE occurred within one month post-operatively. There were no readmissions for VTE in patients discharged on extended pharmacological prophylaxis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of prophylactic protocols was associated with relatively low VTE rates up to three months with minimal bleeding complications. A more intense in-hospital and extended prophylaxis beyond hospitalization is recommended in this high risk group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hitos
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D010359:Patient Readmission; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents