title: Putaminal volume in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer disease: differential volumes in dementia subtypes and controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Frontostriatal (including the putamen) circuit-mediated cognitive dysfunction has been implicated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), but not in Alzheimer disease (AD) or healthy aging. We sought to assess putaminal volume as a measure of the structural basis of relative frontostriatal dysfunction in these groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured putaminal volume in FTLD subtypes: frontotemporal dementia (FTD, n = 12), semantic dementia (SD, n = 13), and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA, n = 9) in comparison with healthy controls (n = 25) and patients with AD (n = 18). Diagnoses were based on accepted clinical criteria. We conducted manual volume measurement of the putamen blinded to the diagnosis on T1 brain MR imaging by using a standardized protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paired t tests (P < .05) showed that the left putaminal volume was significantly larger than the right in all groups combined. Multivariate analysis of covariance with a Bonferroni correction was used to assess statistical significance among the subject groups (AD, FTD, SD, PNFA, and controls) as independent variables and right/left putaminal volumes as dependent variables (covariates, age and intracranial volume; P < .05). The right putamen in FTD was significantly smaller than in AD and controls; whereas in SD, it was smaller compared with controls with a trend toward being smaller than in AD. There was also a trend toward the putamen in the PNFA being smaller than that in controls and in patients with AD. Across the groups, there was a positive partial correlation between putaminal volume and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Right putaminal volume was significantly smaller in FTD, the FTLD subtype with the greatest expected frontostriatal dysfunction; whereas in SD and PNFA, it showed a trend towards being smaller, consistent with expectation, compared to controls and AD; and in SD, compared with AD and controls. Putaminal volume weakly correlated with MMSE.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Psychological Medicine, Research Centre for the Neurosciences of Ageing, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia. Jeffrey.looi@anu.edu.au
authors.forename: J C L
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Looi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Zandbelt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ostberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orndahl
authors.forename: L-O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Wahlund
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D057180:Frontotemporal Dementia / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011699:Putamen / Q000473:pathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity