title: Five Factor Model personality traits and all-cause mortality in the Edinburgh Artery Study cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether personality traits are related to all-cause mortality in a general adult population in Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Edinburgh Artery Study began in 1987 to 1988 by recruiting 1592 men and women aged 55 to 74 years to be followed-up for atherosclerotic diseases. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) was completed by 1035 surviving participants in 1995 to 1996. Deaths from all causes were examined in relation to personality traits and social and physical risk factors for mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 242 (37.1%) men and 165 (24.6%) women died. For the whole sample, there was a 28% lower rate of all-cause mortality for each 1 SD increase in NEO-FFI openness (95% CI, 0.61-0.84) and a 18% lower rate of all-cause mortality for each 1 SD increase in NEO-FFI conscientiousness (95% CI, 0.70-0.97). In men, the risk of all-cause mortality was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.5-10.78) for a 1 SD increase in openness and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.61-0.91) for a 1 SD increase in conscientiousness. In women, none of the personality domains were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. Well fitting structural equation models in men (n = 652) showed that the relationships between conscientiousness and openness and all-cause mortality were not substantially explained by smoking, or other variables in the models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High conscientiousness and openness may be protective against all-cause mortality in men. Further investigations are needed on the mechanisms of these associations, and the influence of personality traits on specific causes of death.
authors.affiliation: Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Martha C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Whiteman
authors.forename: Gerald R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Fowkes
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allerhand
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Deary
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D010551:Personality / Q000145:classification*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology