title: Predictors of enrollment in a smoking cessation clinical trial after eligibility screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A fraction of smokers considered eligible for pharmacotherapy treatment trials for nicotine dependence enrolled. Little is known about smokers not enrolling in a treatment trial or how these smokers differ from those who have enrolled.
  
  
  METHODS
  We screened 2257 individuals for a smoking cessation trial involving behavioral counseling and a novel medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of those screened, 33% of callers were eligible for enrollment (N=753). Of those eligible for the trial, 37% attended the subsequent enrollment session (N=282). We compared the 282 attendees to the 471 smokers who were eligible for the trial but did not attend. Logistic regression indicated that African American smokers were about half as likely to enroll in the trial (odds ratio [OR], 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36-0.84); for every year increase in age, participants were 4% more likely to enroll (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06); and participants who were motivated to enroll in the trial for financial incentives were 42% less likely to enroll in the trial (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45-0.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest the need to devise and test recruitment strategies directed toward African Americans and younger smokers to increase enrollment among eligible smokers to smoking cessation treatment trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie Lyn
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dahm
authors.forename: Elaina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Kaylene
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baugh
authors.forename: E Paul
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Wileyto
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Chanita Hughes
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Halbert
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schnoll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult