title: VEGF induces expression of Bcl-2 and multiple signaling factors in microvascular endothelial cells in a prostate cancer model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously demonstrated that prostate tumors that highly express Bcl-2 are not only more tumorigenic, but also more angiogenic than low Bcl-2 expressing tumors. Observed increased rates of angiogenesis are likely due to the secretion of multiple factors from the tumor cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human endothelial cells were subjected to exogenous VEGF or conditioned media from PC-3 cells and assayed by several in vitro systems to better characterize the effects of tumor microenvironment on endothelial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF stimulation increased Bcl-2 expression in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), at least partially through stabilization of Bcl-2 mRNA transcripts, and protected these cells from apoptosis. These effects were mimicked by treatment of HMVECs with conditioned media from cultured PC-3 prostate tumor cells manipulated to overexpress Bcl-2. Through the use of kinase inhibitors and molecular profiling, several distinct pathways were implicated in the regulation of Bcl-2 in HMVECs, including those involving PI3K/AKT, PKC, mTOR, STAT-1, and IL-8, factors associated with tumor survival and growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identifies molecular elements of a link between Bcl-2 expression in distinct cell types within a tumor and reaffirms that strategies designed to target Bcl-2 are desirable as they might enhance treatment response through dual effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodison
authors.forename: Wengang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Urquidi
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Namiki
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porvasnik
authors.forename: Cydney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Urbanek
authors.forename: Charles Joel
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rosser
mesh_terms: D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000166:cytology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A