title: Cisplatin prevents high mobility group box 1 release and is protective in a murine model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: The nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important inflammatory mediator involved in the pathogenesis of liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Strategies aimed at preventing its release from stressed or damaged cells may be beneficial in preventing inflammation after I/R. Cisplatin is a member of the platinating chemotherapeutic agents and can induce DNA lesions that are capable of retaining high mobility group proteins inside the nucleus of cells. In vitro studies in primary cultured rat hepatocytes show that nontoxic concentrations of cisplatin can sequester HMGB1 inside the nucleus of hypoxic cells. Similarly, the in vivo administration of nontoxic doses of cisplatin prevents liver damage associated with a well-established murine model of hepatic I/R as measured by lower circulating serum aminotransferase levels, lower hepatic inflammatory cytokine levels including tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6, lower inducible NO synthase expression, and fewer I/R-associated histopathologic changes. The mechanism of action in vivo appears to involve the capacity of cisplatin to prevent the I/R-induced release of HMGB1 as well as to alter cell survival and stress signaling in the form of autophagy and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low, nontoxic doses of cisplatin can sequester HMGB1 inside the nucleus of redox-stressed hepatocytes in vitro and prevent its release in vivo in a murine model of hepatic I/R. Furthermore, cell survival and stress signaling pathways are altered by low-dose cisplatin. Therefore, platinating agents may provide a novel approach to mitigating the deleterious effects of I/R-mediated disease processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cardinal
authors.forename: Pinhua
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dhupar
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Atsunori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lotze
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Billiar
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsung
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002945:Cisplatin