title: Activation of PI3-kinase/Akt induced small bowel cell apoptosis during laparoscopic ischaemia-reperfusion of swine jejunum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to detect small bowel cell apoptosis by evaluating the nuclear activation of transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and Akt pathways as well as detecting apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay, during ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by Arterio-Venous Occlusion (AVO) of ajejunal loop in swine, using a laparoscopic procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A jejunal loop was isolated and a biopsy sample (T0) obtained. Biopsies were obtained at 30 minutes (T30I) and 60 minutes (T60I) after clamping and again during reperfusion (R), T30R and T60R. Standard H&E stains and immunohistochemical study for infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and TUNEL assays were performed. The activation of Akt and NF-kappaB in the animal model was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirmed that I/R injury of the jejunum did not only cause epithelial damage, but also activated the molecular pathways triggering an apoptotic reaction (by pro-inflammatory cytokines) and an anti-apoptotic mechanism that can lead to the regeneration of injured tissue.
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Puglisi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lacitigniola
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loverre
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capuano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martines
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Staffieri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crovace
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007583:Jejunum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D013552:Swine; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
chemical_list: D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase