title: SRC promotes survival and invasion of lung cancers with epidermal growth factor receptor abnormalities and is a potential candidate for molecular-targeted therapy.
abstract: Molecular-targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an effective therapy for non-small cell lung cancer that harbor EGFR mutations. This study aimed to investigate the role of Src, a close EGFR associator, as a drug target in NSCLC cells with different EGFR genomic statuses. Src inhibition was achieved using 4-(4'-Phenoxyanilino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolinee (SKI-1) and the specificity of action was verified by RNA interference. The results showed that SKI-1 induced significant apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in cancer cells with high basal Src activation. Activation of FAK and p130Cas was involved in Src-mediated invasion in SKI-1-sensitive cells. SKI-1 inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR as well as EGFR downstream effectors, such as signal transducers and activators of transcription 3/5, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and AKT in the mutant cells but not the wild-type cells. This inhibition profile of EGFR implicates that induction of apoptosis and sensitivity of mutant cells to SKI treatment is mediated by EGFR and EGFR downstream pathways. Cotreatment with SKI-1 and gefitinib enhanced apoptosis in cancer cells that contained EGFR mutation and/or amplification. SKI-1 treatment alone induced significant apoptosis in H1975 cells known to be resistant to gefitinib. Src phosphorylation was shown by immunohistochemistry in around 30% of primary lung carcinomas. In 152 adenocarcinomas studied, p-Src was associated with EGFR mutations (P = 0.029). Overall, the findings indicated that Src could be a useful target for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Besides EGFR genomic mutations, other forms of EGFR and related family member abnormalities such as EGFR amplification might enhance SKI sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Elaine Lai-Han
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Issan Yee-San
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Vicky Pui-Chi
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Tin
authors.forename: Daniel Tsin-Tien
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Alan Dart-Loon
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sihoe
authors.forename: Lik-Cheung
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: James Chung-Man
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Lap-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Maria Pik
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077156:Gefitinib; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009154:Mutation; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D000077156:Gefitinib