The effect of the plasma n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on the dietary LDL phenotype transformation - insights from the LIPGENE study.
OBJECTIVE
LDL phenotype B is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and oxidative stress. The effect of plasma n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio on LDL phenotype transformation was investigated.


METHODS
Patients with metabolic syndrome (n=99) received one of four isocaloric diets: (A) High-fat (38% energy) SFA-rich diet (HSFA); (B) High-fat (38% energy), MUFA-rich diet (HMUFA); (C), low-fat (LF) (28% energy), high-complex carbohydrate diet with 1.24g/d oleic sunflower oil (LFHCC) and (D): low-fat (28% energy), high-complex carbohydrate diet, with 1.24g/d LC n-3 PUFA (LFHCC n-3) for 12 weeks. Analysis of plasma lipid profile and LDL phenotype was done pre- and post-interventions.


RESULTS
Post-dietary change of LDL density was a main effect observed in all groups. LFHCC n-3 and HFMUFA diets resulted in favorable alteration of LDL phenotype from B to A and decreased LDL density. In contrast, increased LDL density was observed in HSFA and LFHCC groups. The plasma pre-n3/n6 PUFA, Apo E change and pre-Apo CIII/CII ratios explained in 65% the post-dietary change of LDL density in diet LFHCC n-3 consumers.


CONCLUSIONS
Study demonstrates efficacy of dietary n-3 PUFA to modify pro-atherogenic to less atherogenic LDL phenotype in patients with metabolic syndrome. Study identifier at ClinicalTrials.gov was NCT00429195.
Hartwich
Jadwiga
J
Dept. Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland. mbhartwi@cyf-kr.edu.pl
Malec
Malgorzata Malczewska
MM
Partyka
Lukasz
L
Pérez-Martinez
Pablo
P
Marin
Carmen
C
López-Miranda
Jose
J
Tierney
Audrey C
AC
Mc Monagle
Jolene
J
Roche
Helen M
HM
Defoort
Catherine
C
Wolkow
Pawel
P
Dembinska-Kieć
Aldona
A
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL