title: Galanin inhibits caerulein-stimulated pancreatic amylase secretion via cholinergic nerves and insulin.
abstract: Pancreatic exocrine secretion is affected by galanin, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. We aimed to determine the effect and elucidate the mechanism of action of exogenous galanin on basal and stimulated pancreatic amylase secretion in vitro. The effect of galanin on basal-, carbachol-, and caerulein-stimulated amylase secretion from isolated murine pancreatic lobules was measured. Carbachol and caerulein concentration-response relationships were established. Lobules were coincubated with galanin (10(-12) M to 10(-7) M), carbachol (10(-6) M), or caerulein (10(-10) M). Lobules were preincubated with atropine (10(-5) M), tetrodotoxin (10(-5) M), hexamethonium (10(-5) M), or diazoxide (10(-7) M and 10(-4) M) for 30 min followed by incubation with caerulein (10(-10) M) alone or combined with galanin (10(-12) M). Amylase secretion was expressed as percent of total lobular amylase. Immunohistochemical studies used the antigen retrieval technique and antisera for galanin receptor (GALR) 1, 2, and 3. Carbachol and caerulein stimulated amylase secretion in a concentration-dependent manner with maximal responses of two- and 1.7-fold over control evoked at 10(-6) M and 10(-10) M, respectively. Galanin (10(-12) M) completely inhibited caerulein-stimulated amylase secretion but had no effect on carbachol-stimulated or basal secretion. Atropine and tetrodotoxin pretreatment abolished the caerulein-stimulated amylase secretion, whereas hexamethonium had no significant effect. Diazoxide significantly reduced caerulein-stimulated amylase secretion by approximately 80%. Galanin did not affect caerulein-stimulated amylase secretion in the presence of hexamethonium or diazoxide. Glucose-stimulated amylase secretion was also inhibited by galanin. Immunohistochemistry revealed islet cells labeled for GALR2. These data suggest that galanin may modulate caerulein-stimulated amylase secretion by acting on cholinergic nerves and/or islet cells possibly via GALR2 to regulate insulin release.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Savio G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: Charmaine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Colin J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Carati
authors.forename: Ann C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Schloithe
authors.forename: Surendra R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Jaya
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toouli
authors.forename: Gino T P
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Saccone
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002108:Ceruletide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003981:Diazoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019004:Galanin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018738:Hexamethonium / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000294:innervation; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D044092:Receptor, Galanin, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D007328:Insulin; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D044092:Receptor, Galanin, Type 2; D018738:Hexamethonium; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D001285:Atropine; D019004:Galanin; D002108:Ceruletide; D002217:Carbachol; D000681:Amylases; D005947:Glucose; D003981:Diazoxide