title: Memantine in moderately-severe-to-severe Alzheimer's disease: a postmarketing surveillance study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postmarketing surveillance studies (PMS) are an important tool for evaluating a drug's effectiveness and safety in clinical practice. To our knowledge, no PMS on memantine monotherapy for moderately-severe-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke - Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria has been conducted to date.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The Lombardy Health Office, Italy, promoted this PMS to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of memantine in the treatment of moderately-severe-to-severe AD in clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 451 patients with moderately-severe-to-severe AD (mean age 77 +/- 7 years; 72% female), free of cholinergic medication, received memantine (standard titration to 10 mg twice daily). After 6 months of therapy, treatment effectiveness was evaluated according to two definitions of response ('no deterioration' and 'improvement'), as measured by changes in baseline scores on the Clinical Global Impression of Change, Mini-Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory and Activities of Daily Living scales. The safety measure was the frequency of adverse events (AEs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6-month assessment, 26.8% of subjects showed no deterioration and 3.8% showed improvement. In those showing no deterioration, response to treatment at the 3-month assessment was associated with a greater probability of a response at 6 months (adjusted odds ratio = 8.54; 95% CI 4.54, 16.05). Seventy patients (15.5%) experienced at least one AE and 39 (8.6%) discontinued treatment prematurely because of an AE. Of those who experienced an AE, 27 (38.6%) manifested behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proportion of responders to memantine treatment in this PMS was similar to that reported in a previous randomized clinical trial (26.8% vs 29%, respectively). The proportion of patients who discontinued treatment prematurely because of an AE (8.6%) was similar to that reported in two previous randomized clinical trials (10% and 12.4%). This PMS provides additional evidence that both the effectiveness and the tolerability of memantine may be transferred into real world medicine, where AD patients receiving treatment are not selected according to strict criteria.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research and Treatment on Cognitive Dysfunctions, University of Milan, "L. Sacco" Hospital, Milan, Italy. francesca.clerici1@unimi.it
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clerici
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vanacore
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spila-Alegiani
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pomati
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Da Cas
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raschetti
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mariani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008559:Memantine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D008559:Memantine