title: Plasmodium vivax malaria among U.S. forces Korea in the Republic of Korea, 1993-2007.
abstract: Malaria is a significant health threat to U.S. combat forces that are deployed to malaria-endemic regions. From 1979, when the Republic of Korea (ROK) was declared malaria free, malaria did not present a health threat to U.S. forces deployed to Korea until the early 1990s. In 1993, a temperate strain of vivax malaria expressing both latent (long prepatent incubation periods of usually 6-18 months after infection) and nonlatent (short prepatent incubation periods < 30 days after infection) disease reemerged near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) and once again presented a primary health threat to U.S. military populations in the ROK. Following its reemergence, malaria rates increased dramatically through 1998 and accounted for > 44% of all malaria cases among U.S. Army soldiers from 1997 to 2002. More than 60% of all Korean-acquired malaria among U.S. soldiers was identified as latent malaria. Nearly 80% of all latent malaria attributed to exposure in Korea was diagnosed in the U.S. or other countries where soldiers were deployed. These data illustrate the requirement for a comprehensive malaria education program, especially for those soldiers residing or training in malaria high-risk areas, to inform soldiers and providers of the risk of developing malaria after leaving Korea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, U.S. Army MEDDAC-Korea, APO AP 96205-5281.
authors.forename: Terry A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pacha
authors.forename: Hee-Choon S
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Heung-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won-Ja
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong-Koo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gi-Gon
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Jeung
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sames
authors.forename: Joel C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gaydos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials