title: Results of the application of the American Diabetes Association guidelines regarding tobacco dependency in subjects with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the stages of change for cessation in smoking after the application of American Diabetes Association recommendations in diabetic patients who smoke. This longitudinal descriptive study involved smokers with diabetes mellitus (DM) who were attended for their DM between September 2003 and December 2006. Intervention used was dependent on the stage of change for cessation (according to Prochaska and Di Clemente). For precontemplation subjects, a brief session was carried out where information regarding the risks of smoking in conjunction with DM was given. Patients at the contemplation stage of smoking cessation were offered the chance to participate in a cessation program. Later evaluation was carried out after a follow-up of more than 6 months. Seven hundred thirty-three subjects with DM were evaluated, including 156 smokers (21.28%): 103 (66.02%) in the precontemplation stage, 25 (16.02%) in the contemplation stage, 12 (7.69%) in the preparation stage, 12 (7.69%) in the action stage, and 4 (2.56%) in the maintenance stage. By the last follow-up, 65 (41.6%) subjects had quit smoking (36 ex-smokers), of whom 20 (30.77%) had subsequently relapsed. The use of the American Diabetes Association recommendations for the treatment of tobacco dependence in diabetes treatment results in an increased change of smoking cessation stages in subjects with DM as well as a higher overall percentage in abstinence.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, Hospital Dos de Maig, Consorci Sanitari Integral, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. merce.albareda@sanitatintegral.org
authors.forename: Mercè
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albareda
authors.forename: Lucinda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viguera
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mestrón
authors.forename: Angels
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vernet
authors.forename: Lluís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vila
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult