title: Persistent eNOS activation secondary to caveolin-1 deficiency induces pulmonary hypertension in mice and humans through PKG nitration.
abstract: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an unremitting disease defined by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right-sided heart failure. Using mice with genetic deletions of caveolin 1 (Cav1) and eNOS (Nos3), we demonstrate here that chronic eNOS activation secondary to loss of caveolin-1 can lead to PH. Consistent with a role for eNOS in the pathogenesis of PH, the pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH phenotype of Cav1-/- mice were absent in Cav1-/-Nos3-/- mice. Further, treatment of Cav1-/- mice with either MnTMPyP (a superoxide scavenger) or l-NAME (a NOS inhibitor) reversed their pulmonary vascular pathology and PH phenotype. Activation of eNOS in Cav1-/- lungs led to the impairment of PKG activity through tyrosine nitration. Moreover, the PH phenotype in Cav1-/- lungs could be rescued by overexpression of PKG-1. The clinical relevance of the data was indicated by the observation that lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension demonstrated increased eNOS activation and PKG nitration and reduced caveolin-1 expression. Together, these data show that loss of caveolin-1 leads to hyperactive eNOS and subsequent tyrosine nitration-dependent impairment of PKG activity, which results in PH. Thus, targeting of PKG nitration represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and 2Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. yyzhao@uic.edu
authors.forename: You-Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yidan D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Muhammad K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: Julia H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hari-Hara S K
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Potula
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brovkovych
authors.forename: Jason X-J
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wharton
authors.forename: Asrar B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000502:physiology*; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D051242:Caveolin 1; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases