title: Management of injuries of the orbital skeleton.
abstract: These clinical studies were carried out in maxillofacial unite, 10th floor, Surgical Specialties Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad. These orbital injuries included 236 patients during 15 years of experience. Their ages ranged from 2 to 72 years (mean, 37 years); 172 were male, and 64 were female. Orbital injuries are classified into isolated orbital walls, roof, floor, lateral wall, and zygoma and medial wall and complex wall injuries, as orbital skeleton injuries, or as part of cranio-orbito-facial injuries. There were 110 cases (46.6%) with orbital floor, and 85 cases (36%) with lateral wall and zygomatic complex injuries; 6 cases (3.6%) had isolated roof injuries; there were 15 cases (6.3%) with medial wall fractures and dislocation of medial canthal ligaments; 8 cases (3.3%) were orbital skeleton injuries with superior orbital fissure syndrome in 2 cases and eyeball laceration in 1 case, and 12 cases (5.08%) were cranio-orbito-facial injuries. These cases were treated and reconstructed by chrome-cobalt mesh for orbital floor, and also, Silastic rubber silicone was used in the floor and roof. Bone graft was used for reconstruction of large defect of the floor and medial wall, and Silastic was used for secondary operation for reconstruction of the floor as additional layer in cases with slight resorption of bone graft to correct residual enophthalmos, and lyophilized dura was used for reconstruction of the roof. Follow-up of the cases was extended for 15 years. The aim of these studies was to show some interesting clinical cases and surgical challenges for the management of these cases.
authors.affiliation: Council of Maxillofacial Surgery, Iraqi Board for Medical Specialization, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. dr_raja_kummoona@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kummoona
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000637:transplantation; D015841:Enophthalmos / Q000601:surgery; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000145:classification; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000145:classification; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000145:classification; D022125:Lacerations / Q000145:classification; D008022:Ligaments / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000145:classification; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D055815:Young Adult; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys; D012826:Silicone Elastomers