title: Post-ischemic infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide attenuates warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat lung.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The serious shortage of organs for transplantation, especially lungs, has drawn increasing attention to donation after cardiac death and protection of organs against warm ischemic injury. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) activates guanylate cyclase receptors and increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, which decrease in the lung during ischemia. In this study we investigated the effect on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury of administering synthetic ANP (carperitide) at the onset of reperfusion after warm ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  An isolated rat lung perfusion model was used. The rats were allocated into three groups: the control group; the ANP group; and the sham group. In the control and ANP groups, the heart-lung block was exposed to 60 minutes of ischemia at 37 degrees C, and subsequently reperfused for 60 minutes. At the onset of reperfusion, either saline or ANP was added to the perfusate. In the sham group, lungs were continuously perfused without ischemia and only saline was added to the perfusate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANP significantly reduced pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary edema, and improved oxygenation. It also significantly increased cGMP levels in reperfused lungs. Histologically, lungs in the ANP group showed significantly fewer signs of injury and fewer cells demonstrated apoptotic changes or single-stranded DNA than lungs in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that ANP administered at the onset of reperfusion increases cGMP in lung tissue and attenuates warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated perfused rat lung.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: Fengshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujinaga
authors.forename: Atsuyasu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tatsuaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuruyama
authors.forename: Jitian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Date
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bando
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052096:Warm Ischemia / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: C472610:atrial natriuretic peptide, rat; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D000242:Cyclic AMP