title: Imported fire ant immunotherapy prescribing patterns in a large health care system during a 17-year period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No large evaluation has been performed of the maintenance vial concentration commonly used by physicians when prescribing imported fire ant (IFA) immunotherapy since the publication of the first Stinging Insect Hypersensitivity Practice Parameter 10 years ago.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prescribing patterns for IFA immunotherapy among practicing allergists in a large health care setting and the impact of published Practice Parameter recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the US Army Centralized Allergen Extract Laboratory were analyzed to determine IFA immunotherapy prescribing patterns from 1990 to May 2007. This extract laboratory provides prescriptions for more than 320 US Department of Defense, US Department of Veterans Affairs, and US Public Health Service clinics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,091 patients were given 1,437 new or revised prescriptions for IFA immunotherapy. Monotherapy for Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri was prescribed in 169 (11.8%) and 3 (0.1%) instances, respectively, with the remainder of patients given both IFA antigens. The most commonly prescribed maintenance vial dose was 0.5 mL of a 1:200 (wt/vol) dilution, accounting for 36.3% of prescriptions. A total of 17.3% of prescriptions had a maintenance vial dose of 0.5 mL of a 1:100 (wt/vol) dilution, 4.6% had a dilution of 1:10 (wt/vol), and 50.6% had a dilution between 1:10 and 1:100 (wt/vol). The mean starting dose was 4.4 10-fold dilutions below the maintenance dose (5.4 vials per treatment set).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most commonly prescribed maintenance dose was 0.5 mL of a 1:200 (wt/vol) dilution, although most prescriptions used a maintenance dose consistent with recommended dosing in the Stinging Insect Practice Parameters. Both IFA antigens were used by most physicians. Further study evaluating the effective dose range for IFA immunotherapy is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy & Immunology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. bret.haymore@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Bret R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Haymore
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000862:Ant Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001000:Ants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000862:Ant Venoms; D045424:Complex Mixtures