title: Rapid and complete degradation of the herbicide picloram by Lipomyces kononenkoae.
abstract: An enrichment culture approach was used to isolate a pure culture of the yeast Lipomyces kononenkoae, which had the ability to grow on the herbicide picloram. The yeast rapidly and completely degraded 50 microg mL(-1) picloram by 48 h of growth. While L. kononenkoae was found to use both N atoms of picloram as a sole nitrogen source for growth, it failed to mineralize the herbicide or use it as a sole C source. Product analysis done using LC-ESI-MS indicated that biodegradation of picloram by L. kononenkoae proceeds via a didechlorinated, dihydroxylated, pyridinecarboxylic acid derivative. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the majority of picloram degradation in the soil is likely due to microbial catabolic processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. sadowsky@umn.edu
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sadowsky
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Turco
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D055160:Lipomyces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010846:Picloram / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D010846:Picloram