title: All-trans retinoic acid increases KLF4 acetylation by inducing HDAC2 phosphorylation and its dissociation from KLF4 in vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: The zinc finger transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has been implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). However, the molecular mechanism whereby ATRA regulates KLF4 activity is still poorly understood. Here, we show that ATRA-induced histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) phosphorylation at Ser424 in VSMCs and inhibited the interaction of HDAC2 with KLF4. Inhibiting JNK by JNK inhibitor SP600125 or knockdown of JNK by JNK siRNA abrogated ATRA-induced HDAC2 phosphorylation and reversed ATRA-induced suppression of the interaction of HDAC2 with KLF4. We further demonstrated that HDAC2 directly deacetylated KLF4, and that KLF4 acetylation and binding activity of KLF4 to the SM22alpha promoter were significantly increased in ATRA-treated VSMCs. Collectively, our results indicate that ATRA induces HDAC2 phosphorylation mediated by JNK signaling, and thus causes HDAC2 dissociation from KLF4, subsequently leading to the increase in KLF4 acetylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin-kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715469:Klf4 protein, rat; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; C533426:Hdac2 protein, rat; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2; D006655:Histone Deacetylases