title: Oral administration of the GnRH antagonist acyline, in a GIPET-enhanced tablet form, acutely suppresses serum testosterone in normal men: single-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  GnRH analogs are useful for the treatment of prostate cancer, but require parenteral administration. The peptide GnRH antagonist acyline potently suppresses luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in man; however, its clinical utility is limited by the requirement for frequent injections. The use of a proprietary enhancer system called GIPET, which is based on medium-chain fatty acids, facilitates the oral bioavailability of peptides. We hypothesized that GIPET enhancement would allow for the safe oral dosing of acyline for the treatment of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled eight healthy young men in a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of 10, 20 and 40 mg doses of GIPET-enhanced oral acyline. Blood for measurement of serum LH, FSH, testosterone and acyline was obtained prior to each dose of GIPET-enhanced oral acyline and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after dosing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum LH, FSH and serum testosterone were significantly suppressed by all doses of GIPET-enhanced oral acyline after 6 h, with suppression reaching a nadir 12 h after dosing. In addition, the 20 and 40 mg doses demonstrated sustained suppression of testosterone for 12-24 h. All hormone concentrations returned to normal 48 h after administration. There were no treatment-related serious adverse events, and laboratory assessments, including liver function tests and creatinine, were unaffected by treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of GIPET-enhanced acyline significantly suppresses testosterone and gonadotropins in normal men without untoward side effects and might have utility in the management of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Center for Research in Reproduction and Contraception, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. jamory@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: John Kenneth
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Amory
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Stephanie T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Edel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Toole
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bremner
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D013607:Tablets; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D009842:Oligopeptides; D013607:Tablets; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; C109238:acyline