title: Facial frontal morphological changes related to mandibular setback osteotomy using cephalograms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine morphological changes of the mandibular region using frontal cephalograms following bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) for mandibular setback. Furthermore, we compared the stability between screw and plate fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre and postoperative frontal cephalograms were taken of 26 patients. Parameters, Angle "A" which is formed by constructed lines along the mandibular ramus, and mandibular width at the angle were calculated. The subjects were analyzed according to the types of bony fixation, whether by screws or plates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angle "A" and mandibular angular width of total numbers did not widely change at early period following operation. Late postoperatively, mandibular width of total numbers decreased in conjunction with increasing Angle "A". When comparing the parameters between screw and plate groups, the plate group showed a decrease of Angle "A" as an early change. Late postoperatively, the plate group showed an increase of Angle "A" and a decrease of mandibular width, while the screw group had smaller changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate postoperative inclination of mandibular lower ramus towards the facial midline. We suggest that the types of rigid fixation have an influence on frontal skeletal morphology, namely that screw fixation has higher stability.
authors.affiliation: The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan. k-tenno@ace.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Takakazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Tomonao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Mikihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D019248:Jaw Fixation Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000601:surgery*; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult