title: Licence to be active: parental concerns and 10-11-year-old children's ability to be independently physically active.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical activity independent of adult supervision is an important component of youth physical activity. This study examined parental attitudes to independent activity, factors that limit licence to be independently active and parental strategies to facilitate independent activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth phone interviews were conducted with 24 parents (4 males) of 10-11-year-old children recruited from six primary schools in Bristol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents perceived that a lack of appropriate spaces in which to be active, safety, traffic, the proximity of friends and older children affected children's ability to be independently physically active. The final year of primary school was perceived as a period when children should be afforded increased licence. Parents managed physical activity licence by placing time limits on activity, restricting activity to close to home, only allowing activity in groups or under adult supervision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strategies are needed to build children's licence to be independently active; this could be achieved by developing parental self-efficacy to allow children to be active and developing structures such as safe routes to parks and safer play areas. Future programmes could make use of traffic-calming programmes as catalysts for safe independent physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TP, UK. russ.jago@bris.ac.uk
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jago
authors.forename: Janice L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Angie S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Rowan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brockman
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cartwright
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D004739:England; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D012449:Safety