title: Osteonecrosis of the jaw induced by oral administration of bisphosphonates in Asian population: five cases.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) can occur irrespective of race. Old age and long-term use of corticosteroid may be a more reliable risk factor than racial characteristics.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  BRONJ is an increasingly common problem. Most BRONJ occurs following an intravenous administration of bisphosphonate treatment for malignant bone disease and metastatic cancer. As the incidence of BRONJ caused by oral administration of bisphosphonate is quite low, it is believed that this medication is relatively safe and effective in preventing complications of osteoporosis, such as hip or spine fractures. The many known risk factors for BRONJ can be classified as drug-related, local, demographic, and systemic. One demographic and systemic risk factor is race. Most of the case reports of BRONJ present elderly, white women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this report, we describe five cases of BRONJ caused by oral administration of bisphosphonate in Asian population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients were female and over 65 years old. Three patients had been prescribed with corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irrespective of race, elderly women undergoing steroid therapy have an increased incidence of BRONJ even with oral administration of bisphosphonate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Human Identification Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchondong, Seodaemun-Gu, 120-752, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: N-K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M-Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y-M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates