title: [Identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi by PCR in stools of Tunisian immunocompromised patients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal microsporidiosis is recognised as an important cause of opportunistic parasitosis in immunocompromised patients, especially HIV-infected patients. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the common causal agent. The diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis has usually based on microscopic detection of the spores of microsporidia species in stool samples, requires additional staining techniques as Modified Weber's trichrome stain. However, the detection of the spores can be difficult and species determination, which is important for defining the appropriate treatment, is impossible. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods have been successfully used for detection of microsporidian infections. They are more sensitive and are able to identify microsporidia species. The purpose of this study is to identify E. bieneusi to adapt treatment and assess the true prevalence of the intestinal microsporidiosis due to this species in compromised patients in Tunisia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighteen stools from immunocompromised patients, with a symptomatology in favour of the intestinal microsporidiosis, were analysed using light microscopy after staining with Modified Weber's trichrome stain and PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only four were positive by Modified Weber's trichrome stain whereas eleven stools were positive by PCR, giving a prevalence of 20% in HIV-infected patients and 5,35% in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the usefulness of PCR in the diagnosis of the intestinal microsporidiosis due to E. bieneusi. Indeed, PCR has greater sensitivity than Modified Weber's trichrome stain and can identify the species of microsporidia in order to adapt the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU La Rabta, 15 Rue Djebel-Lakhdar, 1007 Tunis, Tunisie.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anane
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaouech
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belhadj
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abdelmalek
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ammari
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ben Othman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bejaoui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ben Chaabane
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kallel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chaker
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D021862:Enterocytozoon / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014416:Tunisia / Q000453:epidemiology