title: In vivo multiplex quantitative analysis of 3 forms of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone in pituitary of prolyl endopeptidase deficient mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In vitro reactions are useful to identify putative enzyme substrates, but in vivo validation is required to identify actual enzyme substrates that have biological meaning. To investigate in vivo effects of prolyl endopeptidase (PREP), a serine protease, on alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), we developed a new mass spectrometry based technique to quantitate, in multiplex, the various forms of alpha-MSH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), we analyzed peptide transitions to quantify three different forms of alpha-MSH. Transitions were first confirmed using standard peptides. Samples were then analyzed by mass spectrometry using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, after elution from a reverse phase C18 column by a gradient of acetonitrile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We first demonstrate in vitro that PREP digests biological active alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH(1-13)), by cleaving the terminal amidated valine and releasing a truncated alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH(1-12)) product--the 12 residues alpha-MSH form. We then use the technique in vivo to analyze the MRM transitions of the three different forms of alpha-MSH: the deacetylated alpha-MSH(1-13), the acetylated alpha-MSH(1-13) and the truncated form alpha-MSH(1-12). For this experiment, we used a mouse model (PREP-GT) in which the serine protease, prolyl endopeptidase, is deficient due to a genetrap insertion. Here we report that the ratio between acetylated alpha-MSH(1-13) and alpha-MSH(1-12) is significantly increased (P-value = 0.015, N = 6) in the pituitaries of PREP-GT mice when compared to wild type littermates. In addition no significant changes were revealed in the relative level of alpha-MSH(1-13) versus the deacetylated alpha-MSH(1-13). These results combined with the demonstration that PREP digests alpha-MSH(1-13) in vitro, strongly suggest that alpha-MSH(1-13) is an in vivo substrate of PREP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The multiplex targeted quantitative peptidomics technique we present in this study will be decidedly useful to monitor several neuropeptide enzymatic reactions in vivo under varying conditions.
authors.affiliation: Genome Center and Bioinformatics Program, University of California, Davis, California, USA. bperroud@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Perroud
authors.forename: Rudy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Alvarado
authors.forename: Glenda M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Espinal
authors.forename: Alex R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Morado
authors.forename: Brett S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Phinney
authors.forename: Craig H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Warden
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005838:Genotype; D051379:Mice; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D000085822:Prolyl Oligopeptidases; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D000521:alpha-MSH; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D000085822:Prolyl Oligopeptidases