title: Prospective randomized assessment of single versus double-gloving for general surgical procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increased tendency towards double-gloving by general surgeons in our practice, due probably to awareness of the risk of contamination with blood or other body fluids during surgery. The aim of the study was to compare the relative frequency of glove puncture in single-glove versus double glove sets in general surgical procedures, and to determine if duration of surgery affects perforation rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgeons at random do single or double gloves at their discretion, for general surgical procedures. All the gloves used by the surgeons were assessed immediately after surgery for perforation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1120 gloves were tested, of which 880 were double-glove sets and 240 single-glove sets. There was no significant difference in the overall perforation rate between single and double glove sets (18.3% versus 20%). However, only 2.3% had perforations in both the outer and inner gloves in the double glove group. Therefore, there was significantly greater risk for blood-skin exposure in the single glove sets (p < 0.01). The perforation rate was also significantly greater during procedures lasting an hour or more compared to those lasting less than an hour (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double-gloving reduces the risk of blood-skin contamination in all general surgical procedures, and especially so in procedures lasting an hour or more.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), P.M.B. 1414, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Na'aya
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Madziga
authors.forename: U E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Eni
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005932:Gloves, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D012306:Risk; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D013997:Time Factors