title: Erdosteine and ebselen as useful agents in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated during reperfusion of the tissue are characteristic of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether erdosteine and ebselen, molecules with antioxidant properties and peroxynitrite scavenging capability, respectively, can reduce oxidative stress and histological damage in the rat small bowel subjected to mesenteric I/R injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups equally: sham, I/R, I/R plus erdosteine, I/R plus ebselen, and I/R plus erdosteine and ebselen. Intestinal ischemia for 45 min and reperfusion for 3 d were carried out. Ileal specimens were obtained to determine the tissue levels of malondialdehide (MDA), protein carbonyl content (PCC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nitrite/nitrate (NO(x)) level and histological changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intestinal I/R resulted in increased tissue MDA, PCC, and NO(x) levels and decreased SOD and GPx activities. Both erdosteine and ebselen alone significantly decreased MDA, PCC, and NO(x) levels and increased antioxidant enzymes activities, but all values were different from control. These changes almost returned to control values in the group treated with erdostein and ebselen. Histopathologically, the intestinal injury in rats treated with erdosteine and ebselen as well as combination were less than I/R group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both erdosteine and ebselen were able to attenuate I/R injury of the intestine via inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, maintenance of antioxidant, and free radical scavenger properties. Nevertheless, combination treatment showed more promising results, suggesting that scavenging peroxynitrite nearby antioxidant activity is important in preventing intestinal I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tunc
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Cuneyt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Atabek
authors.forename: Vural
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kesik
authors.forename: Bahadir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caliskan
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oztas
authors.forename: Nail
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ersoz
authors.forename: Sukru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oter
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guven
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001393:Azoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D054833:Isoindoles; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013864:Thioglycolates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001393:Azoles; D015415:Biomarkers; D054833:Isoindoles; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D013864:Thioglycolates; D013876:Thiophenes; C042986:ebselen; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C048498:erdosteine; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase