title: The effect of paternal and maternal history of diabetes mellitus on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an ongoing debate whether maternal diabetes is a more important risk factor for gestational diabetes (GDM) development than paternal diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the risk of GDM associated with paternal and maternal diabetes, and to further characterise GDM women with maternal diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study within a population-based GDM screening program in an urban area of Hungary in 2002-2003. All GDM women (no.=133) and an age-matched control group (no.=135) with a mean age of 31 years was evaluated. Blood pressure, anthropometric data, and blood glucose values from a 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) were recorded at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Family history data were by self-report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Known paternal diabetes was not related to GDM risk [odds ratio (OR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-2.00]. Known maternal diabetes (OR 2.90, 95% CI 0.99-8.49) and diabetes in the maternal line (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.16-6.89) were both related to GDM after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). GDM women with known maternal diabetes had a higher BMI, 31.6 [9.1] kg/m2 median [interquartile range], than GDM women with or without diabetes in the maternal line, 26.1 [4.9] and 26.3 [6.1] kg/m2, respectively, while figures for fasting glucose during OGTT were 5.2 [0.7] vs 4.4 [1.1] vs 4.9 [0.8] mmol/l respectively (all p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal history of diabetes and history of diabetes in the maternal line seems to be a stronger predictor of GDM than paternal history.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Diabetes Care, Budapest, Hungary. a.tabak@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tabák
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tamás
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Péterfalvi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bosnyák
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Madarász
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rákóczi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kerényi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005865:Gestational Age; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D010290:Parents; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose