title: Type 1 diabetes: children and adolescents' knowledge and questions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is a report of a study conducted to describe what children and adolescents who have type 1 diabetes know and want to know about the disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Research indicates that young people's knowledge of diabetes may minimize their health complications, because with greater knowledge they may engage in more effective management practices and adherence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this qualitative study, a purposive sample of 58 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were interviewed in 2005 about what they knew and wanted to know about their disease. Through a process of induction, major themes were identified from the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The six major themes were: (a) Care, including both physical and emotional care, (b) Physiology, (c) Consequences, including both short- and long-term, as well as positive and negative consequences, (d) Cure, (e) Effects on the Family and (f) Experience at Diagnosis. Themes related to the unique challenges associated with type 1 diabetes were also identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses, diabetes educators and parents should provide developmentally appropriate information about diabetes care and management, scaffolding on existing knowledge. They should provide child-centred contexts in which children and adolescents can freely ask questions about their condition and problem-solve. Programmes that allow young people to develop coping skills and share experiences could also prove beneficial.
authors.affiliation: School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA. susanne_olsen_roper@byu.edu
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olsen Roper
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Call
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leishman
authors.forename: G Cole
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ratcliffe
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Mandleco
authors.forename: Tina T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Dyches
authors.forename: Elaine S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D036301:Qualitative Research; D055815:Young Adult