title: Prevalence of and gender differences in psychiatric disorders among juvenile delinquents incarcerated for nine months.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders among young offenders after they were incarcerated for nine months.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 790 youths were surveyed, including a significant proportion of females (N=140, 18%), nine months after incarceration. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV with portions of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents and the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Even when conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder were excluded, 88% of males and 92% of females had a psychiatric disorder (including substance use disorder); more than 80% of offenders met criteria for some type of substance use disorder. Gender differences were found for anxiety disorders (males 26%, females 55%, p<.01), marijuana dependence (males 32%, females 24%, p=.04), marijuana abuse (males 19%, females 11%, p=.04), and stimulant dependence (males 25%, females 44%, p<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite nine months of incarceration, young offenders continued to show high levels of psychiatric and substance use disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California St., Suite 485, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. karnikn@dahsm.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Niranjan S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Karnik
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soller
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Redlich
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: Helena C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Rudy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haapanen
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult