title: Impact of temporomandibular disorder pain in adolescents: differences by age and gender.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain by age and gender in adolescents, with assessments of this impact specifically on school absence, medication consumption, perceived need for treatment, jaw function limitation, depressive symptoms scores and somatic complaints, and graded chronic pain scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based sample, a mailed questionnaire was sent to 350 patients with self-reported TMD pain (group 1) and 350 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals (group 2) aged 12 to 19 years 2 to 4 weeks after their annual dental examination. The groups were divided into younger (age 12 to 15) and older (age 16 to 19) groups. Descriptive statistics and 95% confidence intervals were used, and chi-square and t-tests were calculated for analyzing group differences. Odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, groups 1 and 2 differed significantly in most variables related to psychosocial and behavioral factors. For adolescents reporting TMD pain once a week or more, no gender or age differences in pain intensity were seen. Jaw function limitation, depressive symptoms scores, somatic complaints, graded chronic pain, and perceived need for TMD treatment were all significantly higher in girls than in boys. Older girls reported higher analgesic consumption and school absences than older boys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Girls reporting TMD pain had significantly greater impact on behavioral and psychosocial factors than boys. Almost one third of older girls, compared to one out of 10 older boys, reported school absences and analgesic consumption because of their TMD pain.
authors.affiliation: Specialist Center for Oral Rehabilitation, Linköping, Sweden. ing-marie.nilsson@lio.se
authors.forename: Ing-Marie
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drangsholt
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: List
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000367:Age Factors; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics