title: Effect of saponins from Helicteres isora on lipid and glucose metabolism regulating genes expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We characterized saponins as active constituents from traditionally used antidiabetic plant Helicteres isora.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the changes in the gene expression of the glucose and lipid metabolism regulating genes in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were divided into four different groups; one diabetic control, the mice in other three groups were treated with methanol extract (100 mg/kg), saponins (100 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (30 mg/kg) for 14 days. After completion of the treatment period biochemical parameters and the expression levels of adipsin, adiponectin, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipose tissue and for liver RNA samples glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) and acyl-co-enzyme A oxidase (ACOX) were determined by quantitative real time PCR and angiopoeitin like 3 (ANGPTL3), angiopoeitin like 4 (ANGPTL4) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) by semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment caused a significant reduction in the serum lipid and glucose levels and increased the expression of adipsin, PPARgamma and Glut4 while reduced expression of FABP4 and G6Pase, whereas there was no effect on the expression levels of adiponectin, LPL, PEPCK, ACOX, Glut2, ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and PPARalpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saponins are beneficial for improving hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia by increasing the gene expression of adipsin, Glut4 and PPARgamma and reducing the gene expression of the enzyme G6Pase and FABP4 in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navarangapura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Shefalee K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bhavsar
authors.forename: Satinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.forename: Mukul R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Dev D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Santani
mesh_terms: D000091303:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3; D000075803:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; D000075802:Angiopoietin-like Proteins; D042682:Angiopoietins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D019660:Malvaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000432:Methanol; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D000091303:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3; D000075803:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; D000075802:Angiopoietin-like Proteins; D042682:Angiopoietins; C404495:Angptl3 protein, mouse; C407088:Angptl4 protein, mouse; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D047493:PPAR alpha; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012503:Saponins; D012997:Solvents; D005947:Glucose; D000432:Methanol