title: Reversal of small, dense LDL subclass phenotype by normalization of adiposity.
abstract: Excess adiposity and high-carbohydrate diets have been associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype (ALP) characterized by increased concentrations of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (pattern B). We tested whether weight loss and normalization of adiposity could reverse ALP in overweight men with pattern B. After consuming a moderate-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for 3 weeks, pattern B and nonpattern B (pattern A) men were randomized to a weight loss (n = 60 and n = 36, respectively) or control weight-stable arm (n = 20 and n = 17, respectively). Men in the weight loss arm consumed approximately 1,000 fewer calories per day over 9 weeks to induce an average approximately 9 kg weight loss. In the control group, weight stability was maintained for 4 weeks after randomization. Weight loss led to the conversion of pattern B to pattern A in 58% of baseline pattern B men. Among men who achieved BMIs of <25 kg/m(2) (62% of pattern B men vs. 83% of pattern A men), 81% of pattern B men converted to pattern A. Weight loss was associated with a significantly greater decrease in small, dense LDL subclass 3b in pattern B relative to pattern A men. The lipoprotein profiles of pattern A men who converted from pattern B were comparable to those of men with pattern A at baseline. Conversion of LDL subclass pattern B to pattern A and reversal of ALP can be achieved in a high proportion of overweight men by normalization of adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA.
authors.forename: Patty W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Siri-Tarino
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Harriet S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Fernstrom
authors.forename: Robin S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rawlings
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Krauss
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010641:Phenotype; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL