title: Transcranial color-coded sonography successfully visualizes all intracranial parts of the internal carotid artery using the combined transtemporal axial and coronal approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visualization of the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) with transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) by using the transtemporal coronal plane has been described previously. Because this approach is limited to the vertical running ICA segments, we investigated the feasibility of using TCCS to visualize all intracranial ICA segments by adding the transtemporal axial approach to the coronal plane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with excellent transtemporal acoustic windows were examined by TCCS by using standardized axial and coronal planes. Identification rate, flow velocities, pulsatility and resistance indices, and length (as visible in color-coded power mode) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 120 intracranial ICAs from 60 subjects were investigated. By switching between the axial and coronal insonation planes, all intracranial segments of the ICA could be investigated in 100% of subjects-with the exception of the horizontal part of the petrosal ICA, which was identified in 96.7% of subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TCCS becomes a reliable tool in investigating all parts of the intracranial ICA by adding the transtemporal axial approach to the coronal plane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Asklepios Hospital North, Tangstedter Landstrasse 400, Hamburg, Germany. juergeneggers@gmx.net
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eggers
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pade
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rogge
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Valdueza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*