title: Human Merkel cell polyomavirus infection I. MCV T antigen expression in Merkel cell carcinoma, lymphoid tissues and lymphoid tumors.
abstract: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) is a recently discovered human virus closely related to African green monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus. MCV DNA is integrated in approximately 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC), a neuroendocrine skin cancer linked to lymphoid malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To assess MCV infection and its association with human diseases, we developed a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes endogenous and transfected MCV large T (LT) antigen. We show expression of MCV LT protein localized to nuclei of tumor cells from MCC having PCR quantified MCV genome at an average of 5.2 (range 0.8-14.3) T antigen DNA copies per cell. Expression of this putative viral oncoprotein in tumor cells provides the mechanistic underpinning supporting the notion that MCV causes a subset of MCC. In contrast, although 2.2% of 325 hematolymphoid malignancies surveyed also showed evidence for MCV infection by DNA PCR, none were positive at high viral copy numbers, and none of 173 lymphoid malignancies examined on tissue microarrays expressed MCV LT protein in tumor cells. As with some of the other human polyomaviruses, lymphocytes may serve as a tissue reservoir for MCV infection, but hematolymphoid malignancies associated with MCC are unlikely to be caused by MCV.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shuda
authors.forename: Reety
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Hyun Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwun
authors.forename: Huichen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarid
authors.forename: María-Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fernández-Figueras
authors.forename: Yanis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tolstov
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gjoerup
authors.forename: Mahesh M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mansukhani
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Swerdlow
authors.forename: Preet M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nalesnik
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kant
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / Q000235:genetics*; D015266:Carcinoma, Merkel Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000821:virology*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011120:Polyomavirus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; D004279:DNA, Viral