title: Delayed treatment with a p53 inhibitor enhances recovery in stroke brain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebral ischemia can activate endogenous reparative processes, such as proliferation of endogenous neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Most of these new cells die shortly after injury. The purpose of this study was to examine a novel strategy for treatment of stroke at 1 week after injury by enhancing the survival of ischemia-induced endogenous NPCs in SVZ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult rats were subjected to a 90-minutes middle cerebral artery occlusion. A p53 inhibitor pifithrin-alpha (PFT-alpha) was administered to stroke rats from days 6 to 9 after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Locomotor behavior was measured using an activity chamber. Proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation of endogenous NPCs were examined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PFT-alpha enhanced functional recovery as assessed by a significant increase in multiple behavioral measurements. Delayed PFT-alpha treatment had no effect on the cell death processes in the lesioned cortical region. However, it enhanced the survival of SVZ progenitor cells, and promoted their proliferation and migration. PFT-alpha inhibited the expression of a p53-dependent proapoptotic gene, termed PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis), within the SVZ of stroke animals. The enhancement of survival/proliferation of NPCs was further found in SVZ neurospheres in tissue culture. PFT-alpha dose-dependently increased the number and size of new neurosphere formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delayed treatment with a p53 inhibitor PFT-alpha is able to modify stroke-induced endogenous neurogenesis and improve the functional recovery in stroke animals.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Chi-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Nigel H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Greig
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hoffer
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014050:Toluene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D014050:Toluene; C121565:pifithrin; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine