title: [Cytotoxicity of antiglaucoma ophthalmic solutions for human corneal endothelial cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cytotoxicity of a range of commercial antiglaucoma ophthalmic solutions was assessed in human corneal endothelial cells using in vitro techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell survival was measured using the WST-1 assay for endothelial cells and the MTT assay for epithelial cells. Commercially available timolol, carteolol, latanoplast, unoprostone, levobunolol, bunazosine, betaxolol, nipradiol, dorzolamide, brinzolamide, and pilocarpine were assessed. The survival of cells exposed to test ophthalmic solutions was expressed as a percentage of cell survival in the control solution (distilled water added to media) after 48 hours exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival was lower in prostagrandines and in medications containing benzalkonium. It increased to more than 85% after dilution of 1000-fold or more dilution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antiglaucoma ophthalmic solutions have corneal endothelial toxicity. The toxicity significantly decreases after dilution of 1000-fold or more dilution and toxicity seems to be due mostly to benzalkonium chloride.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Fujigaoka Hospital, Showa University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayaki
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaguchi
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasawa
authors.forename: Toshu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology*; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions