title: Heritability and linkage analysis for carotid intima-media thickness: the family study of stroke risk and carotid atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) a risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Probands were selected from Caribbean Hispanic subjects of the population-based Northern Manhattan Study. CIMT was measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound and expressed as the mean (IMTx) and mean of the maximum (IMTm). Variance components methodology was used to detect linkage using SOLAR and calculate locus-specific heritability. Ordered-subset Analysis was done based on history of hypertension and total cholesterol levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 100 Dominican families, 1390 subjects had CIMT measured (848 females; mean age 46.2 years). CIMT had a heritability of 0.65 after adjusting for age, age(2), sex, cigarette pack-years, waist hip ratio, and BMI. Adjusted maximum multipoint LOD scores >2 were found on chromosomes 14q (D14S606) and 7p (D7S817). Linkage to chromosome 14q was significantly increased in a subset of families with the greatest history of hypertension (MLOD=4.12). The QTL on Ch14q accounted for 0.21 of the heritability of IMTm, and on Ch7p 0.27 of the heritability of BIFm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several QTLs for CIMT were found on chromosomes 7p and 14q. The QTL on 14q replicates a suggestive linkage peak delimited in the Framingham Heart Study. These QTLs accounted for a substantial amount of trait heritability and warrant further fine mapping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA. rsacco@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Ralph L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Blanton
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Slifer
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beecham
authors.forename: Khaleelah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gardener
authors.forename: Liyong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Edison
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sabala
authors.forename: Suh-Hang Hank
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Juo
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rundek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 / Q000235:genetics; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014900:West Indies