title: A retrospective study of echocardiographic cardiac function and structure in adolescents with congenital scoliosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with congenital scoliosis often also have intraspinal abnormalities and other organ defects, and few studies of the effects of congenital scoliosis on cardiac function and structure have been published.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 215 adolescent patients with congenital scoliosis (average age, 13.58 years) underwent preoperative echocardiography and were then assigned to subgroups according to apex vertebral rotation, side of convexity, curvature severity in the coronal and sagittal planes, type of deformity, and sex. Differences between the subgroups were compared by independent-samples t test or a one-factor analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed statistically significant differences between patients with right-sided scoliosis curvature and those with left-sided scoliosis curvature, respectively, in left ventricular inner diameter at end-diastole ((39.39 +/- 4.66) mm vs (41.74 +/- 4.90) mm), left ventricular inner diameter at end-systole ((24.80 +/- 3.45) mm vs (25.92 +/- 3.07) mm), interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole ((5.66 +/- 0.98) mm vs (5.98 +/- 1.03) mm), and posterior wall of left ventricle at end-diastole ((5.61 +/- 0.98) mm vs (6.06 +/- 1.20) mm). When the patients were evaluated by coronal plane Cobb angle, significant differences were found between those with Cobb angle of 40 degrees - 80 degrees and of > 80 degrees in left ventricular inner diameter at end-diastole ((40.97 +/- 5.06) mm vs (38.98 +/- 4.45) mm) and left ventricular inner diameter at end-systole ((25.53 +/- 3.39) mm vs (24.36 +/- 3.14) mm), respectively. When the patients were evaluated by sagittal plane Cobb angle (< 20 degrees, group 1; 20 degrees - 40 degrees, group 2; > 40 degrees, group 3), significant differences were found in right ventricular diameter between those with Cobb angle of < 20 degrees and of 20 degrees - 40 degrees ((18.27 +/- 3.66) mm vs (16.54 +/- 3.57) mm) and in diameter of aortic root between those with Cobb angle of 20 degrees - 40 degrees and of > 40 degrees ((23.83 +/- 3.39) mm vs (24.90 +/- 3.30) mm), respectively. No significant differences were found in ejection fraction and fractional shortening between patients according to apex vertebral rotation, side of convexity, coronal plane and sagittal plane Cobb angles, type of deformity, or sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congenital scoliosis influences cardiac structure, but not function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Jin-qian
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Gui-xing
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Jian-xiong
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Chia-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yi-peng
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult