title: Increased PEA3/E1AF and decreased Net/Elk-3, both ETS proteins, characterize human NSCLC progression and regulate caveolin-1 transcription in Calu-1 and NCI-H23 NSCLC cell lines.
abstract: Caveolin-1 protein has been called a 'conditional tumor suppressor' because it can either suppress or enhance tumor progression depending on cellular context. Caveolin-1 levels are dynamic in non-small-cell lung cancer, with increased levels in metastatic tumor cells. We have shown previously that transactivation of an erythroblastosis virus-transforming sequence (ETS) cis-element enhances caveolin-1 expression in a murine lung epithelial cell line. Based on high sequence homology between the murine and human caveolin-1 promoters, we proposed that ETS proteins might regulate caveolin-1 expression in human lung tumorigenesis. We confirm that caveolin-1 is not detected in well-differentiated primary lung tumors. Polyoma virus enhancer activator 3 (PEA3), a pro-metastatic ETS protein in breast cancer, is expressed at low levels in well-differentiated tumors and high levels in poorly differentiated tumors. Conversely, Net, a known ETS repressor, is expressed at high levels in the nucleus of well-differentiated primary tumor cells. In tumor cells in metastatic lymph node sites, caveolin-1 and PEA3 are highly expressed, whereas Net is now expressed in the cytoplasm. We studied transcriptional regulation of caveolin-1 in two human lung cancer cell lines, Calu-1 (high caveolin-1 expressing) and NCI-H23 (low caveolin-1 expressing). Chromatin immunoprecipitation-binding assays and small interfering RNA experiments show that PEA3 is a transcriptional activator in Calu-1 cells and that Net is a transcriptional repressor in NCI-H23 cells. These results suggest that Net may suppress caveolin-1 transcription in primary lung tumors and that PEA3 may activate caveolin-1 transcription in metastatic lymph nodes.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA. kasloan@bu.edu
authors.forename: Karin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: Hector A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Marquez
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hinds
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.forename: Satinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kathuria
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Hasmeena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kathuria
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C495540:CAV1 protein, human; D051242:Caveolin 1; C527883:Elk3 protein, human; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C493227:SLC6A2 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; C065788:transcription factor PEA3; D008156:Luciferases