title: Piperacillin/tazobactam versus cefepime for the empirical treatment of pediatric cancer patients with neutropenia and fever: a randomized and open-label study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is a prospective, randomized, and open-label clinical trial that examines the efficiency and safety of PIP/TAZO monotherapy in comparison to cefepime (CEF), for the empirical treatment of pediatric cancer patients with neutropenia and fever.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-one consecutive febrile episodes in 70 neutropenic pediatric cancer patients received randomized treatment either with piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZO) 80 mg/kg piperacillin/10 mg/kg tazobactam every 6 hr or CEF 50 mg/kg every 8 hr. Clinical response was determined at completion of therapy. Duration of fever, neutropenia, hospitalization, the need for modification of the therapy, and mortality rates were compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-seven episodes in 69 patients (35 females, 34 males) with a median age of 4.2 years were assessed for efficiency (65 PIP/TAZO, 62 CEF). The frequency of success without modification of treatment was nearly identical for both PIP/TAZO (60.0%) and CEF (61.3%) (P > 0.05). The overall response rate, with or without modification of assigned treatment, was 96.9% for PIP/TAZO and 98.4% for CEP (P > 0.05). Infection-related mortality at the end of the febrile episode was 2.4%. Duration of fever and hospitalization were not different between the treatment groups. No major side effects were observed in neither of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PIP/TAZO treatment was as effective and safe as CEF monotherapy as an initial empirical regimen in pediatric cancer patients with fever and neutropenia.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, BMT Unit, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vedat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Uygun
authors.forename: Gulsun Tezcan
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Karasu
authors.forename: Dilara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ogunc
authors.forename: Akif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yesilipek
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hazar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077723:Cefepime; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077725:Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D000077725:Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; D000077723:Cefepime; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; D010878:Piperacillin