title: Accuracy of bottled drinking water label content.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to compare the accuracy of the concentration of fluoride (F), calcium (Ca), pH, and total dissolved solids (TDS) levels mentioned on the labels of the various brands of bottled drinking water available in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Twenty-one different brands of locally produced non-carbonated (still water) bottled drinking water were collected from the supermarkets of Riyadh. The concentration of F, Ca, TDS, and pH values were noted from the labels of the bottles. The samples were analyzed for concentrations in the laboratory using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean level of F, Ca, and pH were found as 0.86 ppm, 38.47 ppm, and 7.5, respectively, which were significantly higher than the mean concentration of these elements reported in the labels. Whereas, the mean TDS concentration was found 118.87 ppm, which was significantly lower than the mean reported on the labels. In tropical countries like Saudi Arabia, the appropriate level of F concentration in drinking water as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) should be 0.6-0.7 ppm. Since the level of F was found to be significantly higher than the WHO recommended level, the children exposed to this level could develop objectionable fluorosis. The other findings, like pH value, concentrations of Ca, and TDS, were in the range recommended by the WHO and Saudi standard limits and therefore should have no obvious significant health implications.
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Karachi, Pakistan. n.khan@duhs.edu.pk
authors.forename: Nazeer B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Arham N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Chohan
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D011356:Product Labeling; D011786:Quality Control; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium