title: Therapeutic effects of mucosal tolerance on experimental colitis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the therapeutic effect of oral tolerance and nasal tolerance singly and in combination with mucosal adjuvant on experimental colitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat models were established using trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid enemas. Ovalbumin was used as inducing antigen and lipopolysaccharide as adjuvant. Colonic scores, splenic mononuclear cell proliferation, and expressions of Toll-like receptors (TLR) and regulatory T cells were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Colonic scores decreased most significantly after ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide nasal administration (P<0.05). Colonic expression of forkhead box P3 in rats after ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide oral (P<0.05) and nasal administration (P<0.01) were both significantly higher than untreated rats. TLR2 expression on CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells decreased most significantly after ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide nasal therapies (P<0.01). TLR4 colonic expression decreased significantly after ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide oral administration (P<0.05) and lipopolysaccharide oral administration (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although experimental colitis prevented oral tolerance, nasal tolerance was successfully induced. The therapeutic effect of nasal tolerance combined with adjuvant produced the best results. TLR downregulation and CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells upregulation were involved in mucosal tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shan-Shan
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu-Lan
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D010047:Ovalbumin