title: A phase I trial of imexon, a pro-oxidant, in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of patients with advanced breast, non-small cell lung and prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Imexon is an iminopyrrolidone that induces apoptosis and has synergistic activity with docetaxel in preclinical models. This trial was designed to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of imexon given with docetaxel in breast, prostate and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  34 patients received protocol therapy. 26 patients received escalating doses of imexon given intravenously over 60 min on days 1-5 every 21 days. Docetaxel was administered intravenously at a fixed dose of 75 mg/m(2) immediately following imexon on day 1 every 21 days. A 3+3 design was used with eight additional patients treated at MTD. Response was measured using RECIST.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven dose levels of imexon were evaluated (390 mg/m(2) to 1,700 mg/m(2)). The MTD was imexon 1,300 mg/m(2) IV on days 1-5 in combination with docetaxel. Dose limiting toxicities were grade 3 non-cardiac chest pain and grade 3 diarrhea. Activity was seen in 4 patients [2 partial responses (NSCLC (PR=1), prostate cancer (PR=1)), 2 minor responses (MR=breast, NSCLC)]. Eleven patients had stable disease by RECIST (including the patients with MR; prostate cancer=6, NSCLC=3). Six (one with breast cancer, two with prostate cancer and three with NSCLC) demonstrated stable disease (SD) for > or = 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MTD of combination therapy is imexon 1,300 mg/m(2) IV on days 1-5 with docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) IV on day 1 of a 21 day treatment cycle. Demonstrated responses warrant further investigation in phase II trials of which a phase II trial in NSCLC is planned.
authors.affiliation: Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1354, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. smoulder@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moulder
authors.forename: Navneet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: Chaan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wheler
authors.forename: Aung
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naing
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Paglia
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dorr
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hersh
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boytim
authors.forename: Razelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurzrock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003710:Demography; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D006588:Hexanones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043823:Taxoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006588:Hexanones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; C014919:4-imino-1,3-diazabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-one