title: Confidentiality and the telephone in family practice: a qualitative study of the views of patients, clinicians and administrative staff.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Confidentiality is considered a cornerstone of the medical consultation. However, the telephone, previously used mainly to negotiate appointments, has become increasingly employed as a means of consultation and may pose new problems in respect to maintaining confidentiality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  As part of a qualitative investigation into the views of patients, doctors, nurses and administrative staff on the use of telephone consulting in general practice, we set out to explore the impact of the use of this medium on perceptions of confidentiality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used focus groups of purposively selected patients, clinicians and administrative staff in urban and rural areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen focus groups comprising 91 individuals were convened. Participants concerns centred on overheard conversations, the receptionist role in triage, difficulty of maintaining confidentiality in small close-knit communities, errors in identification, third party conversations and answering machines. Telephone consulting, depending on the circumstances, could pose a risk or offer a solution to maintaining confidentiality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many of the concerns that patients and health care staff have around confidentiality breaches both on the telephone and face to face are amenable to careful management. Although rare, identification error or fraud can be a potentially serious problem and further thought needs to be given to the problem of misidentification on the telephone and the use of passwords considered.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK. brian.mckinstry@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McKinstry
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pinnock
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heaney
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D003219:Confidentiality / Q000592:standards; D003376:Counseling; D005194:Family Practice / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D005607:Fraud; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011216:Practice Management, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012424:Rural Population; D013689:Telephone / Q000639:trends