title: Fear, knowledge, and efficacy beliefs differentially predict the frequency of digital rectal examination versus prostate specific antigen screening in ethnically diverse samples of older men.
abstract: Emotional and cognitive characteristics have been studied in the context of women's cancer screening but have received scant attention in the study of men's screening behavior. Researchers know little about how such factors interact to predict screening or whether digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) screens are predicted by the same characteristics. This study examines the relevance of emotional and cognitive characteristics to DRE and PSA screening among 180 U.S.-born African American, U.S.- born European American, and immigrant Jamaican men. The study identifies the expected effects in which fear is negatively related and efficacy beliefs positively related to DRE and PSA screening. Greater efficacy and (marginally) knowledge appear to "offset" the negative impact of fear on screening, and fear appears particularly relevant to DRE frequency. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the development of health belief and self-regulatory models in the context of prostate cancer screening among minority men.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA. nconsedi@liu.edu
authors.forename: Nathan S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Consedine
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ungar
authors.forename: Andrew K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Joe
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borrell
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007563:Jamaica / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen