title: Polarization lidar measurements of honey bees in flight for locating land mines.
abstract: A scanning polarized lidar was used to detect flying honey bees trained to locate buried land mines through odor detection. A lidar map of bee density shows good correlation with maps of chemical plume strength and bee density determined by visual and video counts. The co-polarized lidar backscatter signal was found to be more effective than the crosspolarized signal for detecting honey bees in flight. Laboratory measurements show that the depolarization ratio of scattered light is near zero for bee wings and up to 30% for bee bodies.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seldomridge
authors.forename: Dustin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dunkle
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nugent
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spangler
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bromenshenk
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Churnside
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilson