title: Sex differences in response to nicotine in C57Bl/6:129SvEv mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human studies suggest that smoking behavior in men may depend more on the pharmacological effects of nicotine, whereas in women, this behavior may rely more on nonpharmacological factors associated with smoking. Investigation of these parameters in mice may also reveal sex differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male and female C57Bl/6:129SvEv hybrid mice were exposed to increasing concentrations of nicotine in a voluntary oral nicotine consumption paradigm in which we measured fluid consumption over time and dose. Separate cohorts of mice were exposed to nicotine in a place-conditioning paradigm, and preference was determined. These behavioral models were used to examine sex differences in mice as they rely on pharmacological as well as nonpharmacological factors. Mice exposed to nicotine or saline also were tested for sex differences in locomotor-activating effects of nicotine and in analgesia using standard activity monitoring and hot-plate tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females responded more to the conditioned rewarding effects of nicotine compared with males. Males, however, seemed more responsive to the pharmacological aspects of nicotine by reducing nicotine drinking at higher concentrations; females maintained consistent levels of intake over several doses of nicotine. Male and female mice demonstrated similar locomotor and antinociceptive responses to nicotine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that place-conditioning and two-bottle choice paradigms may be more sensitive measures of sexual dimorphism in the C57BL/6:129SvEv hybrid mouse than are locomotor or nociception assays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Isiegas
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mague
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Blendy
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine