title: Outcome of transmetatarsal amputations in diabetics using antibiotic beads.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic patients with transmetatarsal amputation (TMA) for chronic forefoot ulceration or necrosis are at high risk for postoperative skin breakdown and subsequent amputation. Locally applied antibiotics may reduce the revision rate and improve the outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective comparative study, 60 diabetic patients (65 feet) with forefoot ulceration or necrosis were treated with TMA by three surgeons in three hospitals. In the "beads group'' (46 patients, 49 feet) TMA was combined with local application of bioabsorbable, tobramycin impregnated calcium sulphate beads (OsteoSet-T beads, Wright Medical, Memphis, TN) as a single-stage procedure. The remaining 16 patients had transmetatarsal amputation without beads at the surgeon's discretion and acted as a control group. For all patients, time to healing, length of hospital stay, number of revisions for wound breakdown and conversions to a higher-level amputation were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 60 patients 17 had died and three were lost to followup, leaving 40 patients available for latest followup at 29 months. The Foot & Ankle Outcome Score, Foot Function index, SF-36, and Comorbidity score were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The revision rate for wound breakdown after TMA was 8.2% (4/49) in the beads group, and 25% (4/16) in the control group (p<0.05). At latest followup, 27% (13/49) in the beads group, and 25% (4/16) in the control group had to be converted to transtibial amputation. Patients in the beads group scored worse for activities of daily living in the FAOS and SF-36 (p < 0.05), and demonstrated more health problems in the Comorbidity scores (not significant), indicating sicker individuals in the beads group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bioabsorbable calcium sulphate antibiotic beads may be a useful addition for TMA for patients with non-healing diabetic ulcerations of the forefoot. The single-stage procedure could have a significant impact on the management of diabetic forefoot ulcerations by preventing additional hospital stays, improving the patient's quality of life and minimizing cost.
authors.forename: Fabian G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Gwyneth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: deVries
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meakin
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kalla
authors.forename: Alastair S E
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Younger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D004343:Drug Implants; D005260:Female; D005545:Forefoot, Human / Q000601:surgery; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008684:Metatarsus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012086:Reoperation; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004343:Drug Implants; D014031:Tobramycin