title: Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 in tracheal aspirate fluid of preterm neonates at birth may be predictive of bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptors are involved in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonates with a birth weight of < or =1500 g and/or < or =30 weeks' gestation, with respiratory failure, requiring O(2) and mechanical ventilation within 24 hours, were eligible. Tracheal aspirate fluid samples were collected from 65 neonates before surfactant and/or assisted mechanical ventilation (baseline), at 3 and 7 days after birth, and weekly thereafter until extubation. Samples were analyzed for total vascular endothelial growth factor, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and 2 levels and compared in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease (n = 31) versus those with no bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease (n = 34).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean gestational age and birth weight were lower in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease. At baseline, vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the tracheal aspirate fluid were significantly lower, whereas soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 levels were higher in the bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease infants compared with infants with no bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels progressively increased from baseline to 4 weeks in all of the infants developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease. Conversely, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 declined in both groups from baseline to 5 weeks of age. Similarly, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 declined from baseline to 5 weeks in the control infants, but there were significant increases at 3 and 4 weeks in infants developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We speculate that low vascular endothelial growth factor levels in tracheal aspirate fluid, concurrent with elevated soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 levels on the first day of life, are biological markers for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease in very low birth weight infants requiring O(2) and assisted mechanical ventilation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Route 81, Building 56, Suite 600, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Kay D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Beharry
authors.forename: Arwin M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: Houchang D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Modanlou
mesh_terms: D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013396:Suction; D014132:Trachea / Q000737:chemistry; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000032:analysis; D015300:Ventilator Weaning
chemical_list: D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2