title: Prognostic value of Tiam1 and Rac1 overexpression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study is designed to investigate the roles of Tiam1 and Rac1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  NPC samples (n = 102) were analyzed with immunohistochemistry for Tiam1 and Rac1 proteins, 28 of which were also analyzed with quantitative RT-PCR and Western blots for Tiam1 and Rac1 mRNA and protein expression. The expression of Tiam1 and Rac1 in noncancerous nasopharyngeal tissue (n = 26) acted as a control. The expression was gauged regarding stage, grade and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tiam1 and Rac1 were overexpressed in NPC cells and their protein upregulation was significantly associated with stage and grading (p < 0.05 for all). Cox regression analysis revealed Tiam1 and Rac1 protein upregulation was correlated with lower disease-free and overall survival rates (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upregulation of Tiam1 and Rac1 proteins may play a critical role in tumor progression of NPC, and work as a prognostic factor for NPC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guiping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Qiuhang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001706:Biopsy; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000075684:T-Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis-inducing Protein 1; D015854:Up-Regulation; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; C107953:RAC1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000075684:T-Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis-inducing Protein 1; C087334:TIAM1 protein, human; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein