title: Use of snus and risk for cardiovascular disease: results from the Swedish Twin Registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between snus use and the risk for cardiovascular disease, i.e. ischemic heart disease and stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen thousand six hundred and forty-two male Swedish twins participating in the Screening Across the Lifespan Twin Study, conducted in 1998- 2002, were followed for incident cardiovascular disease. Participants were without a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline and incident cases were identified via the Swedish Cause of Death Register and Hospital Discharge Register.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there was no association between use of snus and risk for cardiovascular disease. Current snus users, without a smoking history, had a relative risk of 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.69-1.46) for cardiovascular disease as compared to non users. Corresponding relative risks for ischemic heart disease and stroke were 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.51-1.41) and 1.18 (95% confidence interval 0.67-2.08), respectively. In smoking adjusted models, risk estimates for ischemic heart disease in relation to snus use were all close to unity regardless of timing or intensity of snus use. However, current heavy snus users (consuming more than four cans week(-1)) had a relative risk for stroke of 1.75 (95% confidence interval 0.95-3.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data do not support any strong association between snus use and risk for cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. jenny.hansson@ki.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Galanti
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahlbom
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallqvist
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magnusson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*