title: Neuropeptides regulate expression of angiogenic growth factors in human dental pulp fibroblasts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuropeptides play an important role in inflammation and repair and have been implicated in mediating angiogenesis. Pulp fibroblasts express neuropeptide receptors, and the aim of this research was to investigate whether neuropeptides could regulate angiogenic growth factor expression in vitro
  
  
  METHODS
  An angiogenic array was used to determine the levels of 10 angiogenic growth factors expressed by human pulp fibroblasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulp fibroblasts were shown to express angiogenin, angiopoietin-2, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, leptin, platelet-derived growth factor, placental growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Furthermore, the neuropeptides substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and neuropeptide Y altered angiogenic growth factor expression in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The regulation of angiogenic growth factor expression by neuropeptides suggests a novel role for neuropeptides in pulpal inflammation and repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, United Kingdom. i.elkarim@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: El Karim
authors.forename: Gerard J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: Chris R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Fionnuala T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Lundy
mesh_terms: D043924:Angiogenesis Modulating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D043924:Angiogenesis Modulating Agents; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D009479:Neuropeptides