title: Giant osteoclasts after long-term bisphosphonate therapy: diagnostic challenges.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A 55-year-old woman with a 5-year history of osteoporosis treated for 4 years with an oral aminobisphosphonate presented with a recent vertebral fracture. A bone biopsy specimen revealed giant osteoclasts with more than 40 nuclear profiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone mineral density determinations, measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine levels, urinary excretion levels of the N-telopeptide of type 1 collagen, and bone biopsy. Examination of the patient and review of the bone specimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Giant osteoclasts after long-term bisphosphonate use, without evidence of malignancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interpretation of the bone biopsy specimen listed several bone disorders. The bone specimen was reviewed and the histological differential diagnosis was carefully considered. The giant osteoclasts were detached from bone and frequently apoptotic in a normal marrow stroma, with low-to-normal amounts of osteoid and osteoblasts. These features are typical of giant osteoclast formation after long-term aminobisphosphonate therapy. the patient was reassured that the bone findings were unlikely to be detrimental. Aminobisphosphonate treatment was reinstituted, and 1 year later the patient was asymptomatic.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Weinstein
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates