title: Antibiotic therapy in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: rifaximin versus metronidazole.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few controlled trials on antibiotic therapy for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth are available at present. Aim of the study was to assess efficacy, safety and tolerability of rifaximin with respect to metronidazole for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 142 consecutive patients with diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth based on the clinical history and the positivity of glucose breath test. Patients were randomised to two 7-day treatment groups: rifaximin 1200 mg/day and metronidazole 750 mg/day. Glucose breath test was reassessed 1 month after. Compliance and side-effect incidence were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One drop-out was observed in rifaximin group. Five drops-out occurred in metronidazole group. The glucose breath test normalization rate was significantly higher in the rifaximin with respect to the metronidazole group (63.4% versus 43.7%; p < 0.05; OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.14-4.38). The overall prevalence of adverse events was significantly lower in rifaximin with respect to metronidazole group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rifaximin showed an higher SIBO decontamination rate than metronidazole at the tested doses, both with a significant gain in terms of tolerability. Either the present study or recent evidencies suggest that rifaximin represents a good choice for the management of patients affected by SIBO.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lauritano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scarpellini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ojetti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roccarina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villita
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flore
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoliquido
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tondi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghirlanda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012294:Rifamycins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000078262:Rifaximin; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012294:Rifamycins; D008795:Metronidazole; D005947:Glucose; D000078262:Rifaximin