title: Dynamic fusional vergence eye movements in congenital esotropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether a selected group of 9 children with history of congenital esotropia is capable of producing vergence eye responses to fusional disparity stimuli.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine children with history of congenital esotropia and 5 age-matched children with normal binocular vision were examined. Using a full-field target, vergence responses to base out 3 prism diopters placed in front of both eyes were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In five patients, the initial response was a saccade generated by the dominant eye, followed by a disconjugate movement of one or both eyes. In two patients with long standing uncorrected strabismus, the responses were almost purely saccadic, while in two other patients, in whom early surgery resulted in fusional abilities, smooth vergence movements were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study adds further evidence that patients with history of congenital esotropia patients are capable of producing vergence eye movements in response to fusional disparity. The responses usually start with a saccade followed by a vergence response. The preference for initial saccadic or vergence response is correlated with sensorial tests of stereopsis and motor fusion and may be related to the size of the suppression scotoma in the deviating eye, the duration of misalignment, or both.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ymorad@013.net.il
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morad
authors.forename: Horace
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Westall
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panton
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sapir-Pichhadze
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eizenman