title: Enteropeptidase, a type II transmembrane serine protease.
abstract: Enteropeptidase, a type II transmembrane serine protease, is localized to the brush border of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa. It is synthesized as a zymogen (proenteropeptidase) that requires activation by another protease, either trypsin or possibly duodenase. Active enteropeptidase then converts the pancreatic precursor, trypsinogen, to trypsin by cleavage of the specific trypsinogen activation peptide, Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys- Ile that is highly conserved in vertebrates. Trypsin, in turn, activates other digestive zymogens such as chymotrypsinogen, proelastase, procarboxypeptidase and prolipase in the lumen of the gut. The important biological function of enteropeptidase is highlighted by the manifestation of severe diarrhea, failure to thrive, hypoproteinemia and edema as a result of congenital deficiency of enteropeptidase activity in the gut. Conversely, duodenopancreatic reflux of proteolytically active enteropeptidase may cause acute and chronic pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. zheng@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: X Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitamoto
authors.forename: J Evan
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sadler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004765:Enteropeptidase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008871:Microvilli / Q000201:enzymology*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D004765:Enteropeptidase