title: Anti-leishmanial effects of trinitroglycerin in BALB/C mice infected with Leishmania major via nitric oxide pathway.
abstract: This study investigated whether trinitroglycerine (TNG) as nitric oxide (NO) releasing agent had anti-leishmanial effects and mediated pathology in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a zoonotic infection caused by leishmania protozoa is still one of the health problems in the world and in Iran. NO is involved in host immune responses against intracellular L. major, and leishmania killing by macrophages is mediated by this substance. Moreover, application of CL treatment with NO-donors has been recently indicated. In our study, TNG was used for its ability to increase NO and to modify CL infection in mice, in order to evaluate NO effects on lesion size and formation, parasite proliferation inside macrophages, amastigote visceralization in target organs, and NO induction in plasma and organ suspensions. Data obtained in this study indicated that TNG increased plasma and liver-NO, reduced lesion sizes, removed amastigotes from lesions, livers, spleens, and lymph nodes, declined proliferation of amastigotes, hepatomegaly, and increased survival rate. However, TNG reduced spleen-NO and had no significant effects on spelenomegaly. The results show that TNG therapy reduced leishmaniasis and pathology in association with raised NO levels. TNG had some antiparasitic activity by reduction of positive smears from lesions, livers, spleens, and lymph nodes, which could emphasize the role of TNG to inhibit visceralization of L. major in target organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. mobcghn@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nahrevanian
authors.forename: Mana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Najafzadeh
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hajihosseini
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nazem
authors.forename: Mahin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farahmand
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zamani
mesh_terms: D000825:Animal Structures / Q000469:parasitology; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; D008264:Macrophages / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005996:Nitroglycerin