The diverse functional roles and regulation of neuronal gap junctions in the retina.
Electrical synaptic transmission through gap junctions underlies direct and rapid neuronal communication in the CNS. The diversity of functional roles that electrical synapses have is perhaps best exemplified in the vertebrate retina, in which gap junctions are formed by each of the five major neuron types. These junctions are dynamically regulated by ambient illumination and by circadian rhythms acting through light-activated neuromodulators such as dopamine and nitric oxide, which in turn activate intracellular signalling pathways in the retina.The networks formed by electrically coupled neurons are plastic and reconfigurable, and those in the retina are positioned to play key and diverse parts in the transmission and processing of visual information at every retinal level.
Bloomfield
Stewart A
SA
Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA. stewart.bloomfield@nyumc.org
Völgyi
Béla
B
D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D017630:Connexins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D054351:Electrical Synapses / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology
D017630:Connexins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents