title: Cost-effective dialysis for the developing world.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dialysis is an effective treatment for end-stage renal disease, but it is available to only approximately half of those who need it in the world.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two prototype passive-flow dialysate delivery systems were constructed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each dialysate delivery system provided a flow of dialysate in the range of 200-300 mL/minute. In one example, flow regulation was good, but ultrafiltration could not be monitored. The second prototype could monitor and regulate ultrafiltration but required repeated manual adjustment to maintain nearly constant dialysate flow. Approaches to the remaining obstacles to a fully passive dialysis system are outlined, but these will require further work to prove feasibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In principle, costs of providing hemodialysis could be reduced and equipment created to function without electricity by exploiting passive-flow techniques.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 30 N 1900 E, #4R312, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2412, USA. martin.gregory@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Martin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gregory
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000628:therapy; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics*; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000191:economics* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions