title: Structure-function insights into prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation initiation.
abstract: Translation initiation is the rate-limiting and most complexly regulated step of protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In the last few years, cryo-electron microscopy has provided several novel insights into the universal process of translation initiation. Structures of prokaryotic 30S and 70S ribosomal initiation complexes with initiator transfer RNA (tRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and initiation factors have recently revealed the mechanism of initiator tRNA recruitment to the assembling ribosomal machinery, involving molecular rearrangements of the ribosome and associated factors. First three-dimensional pictures of the particularly complex eukaryotic translation initiation machinery have been obtained, revealing how initiation factors tune the ribosome for recruiting the mRNA. A comparison of the available prokaryotic and eukaryotic structures shows that--besides significant differences--some key ribosomal features are universally conserved.
authors.affiliation: IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Department of Structural Biology and Genomics, Illkirch F-67404, France.
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Myasnikov
authors.forename: Angelita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marzi
authors.forename: Bruno P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Klaholz
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010442:Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011387:Prokaryotic Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D012343:RNA, Transfer