title: Tissue engineering in urinary bladder: morphological and functional characterization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the last years, tissue engineering has attracted lots of researchers, in urology too. This is due to the possibility to use this technique in several pathologies' therapies, which generally require reconstructive surgical solutions. Our work's aim is to evaluate morphological and functional aspects of cultivated urothelial and detrusorial tissues, both in "monolayer growth" and on scaffolds, in order to understand the chance of using them in reconstructive surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue cultures of detrusorial and urothelial cells have been obtained from animals (pigs, rabbits) and men. The urothelial nature of obtained cells has been demonstrated by traditional histological observation (Hematoxylin - Eosin), by immuno-fluorescence assay (specific for cyto-keratins antibodies), by immuno-histo-chemistry techniques (using specific cyto-keratins 7, 17, and 20 antibodies). Detrusorial tissue has been studied by using antibodies specific for alpha-actin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urothelial and smooth muscle cells, when isolated and expanded in vitro, keep the typical characteristics of original tissue, as showed by classical histological observation (H-E), immuno-histo-chemistry and immuno-fluorescence assays. These results were positive both in monolayer colonies and on scaffolds. In vitro results are encouraging and they demonstrate that it is possible to obtain in vitro vesical tissue that could have analogous characteristics to the original organ; even though clinical utilisation of this technique must be more investigated, both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy. dazani@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zani
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simeone
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arrighi
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moroni
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Sergio Cosciani
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunico
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000637:transplantation; D011817:Rabbits; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D024745:Smooth Muscle Myosins / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019459:Urothelium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D007633:Keratins; D024745:Smooth Muscle Myosins