title: Gustatory and olfactory function in breast cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Loss of appetite is a common complaint in cancer patients. There is still no overall conclusion whether this symptom might be caused by distorted taste/smell function or by tumor byproducts. This knowledge would be important for adequate patient counseling as well as symptom relief. Several studies investigated taste function, but to our knowledge, only one studied olfactory function in cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine breast cancer patients were investigated by a validated taste (taste strips) and smell test (Sniffin' Sticks) prior to chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to normative data, breast cancer patients showed no significant difference in odor threshold, but better scores for odor identification and odor discrimination. For taste, breast cancer patients showed a significantly lower value for the quality sour compared to healthy controls only on left side of the tongue; there was no difference in the qualities sweet, salty, and bitter. An increase in tumor size was associated with a significant decrease in olfactory function, but not in gustatory function. Different histology or graduation of breast cancer, resection status, or metastasis to the lung and liver had no influence on taste and smell. There was no correlation between taste and smell to estrogen or progesterone receptor status. There was no correlation between smell and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2 status), but there was a significant correlation between bitter taste and Her2 status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taste/smell did not seem substantially altered in breast cancer patients compared to normative data. Nevertheless, increasing tumor burden resulted in decreased olfactory function, but not in taste changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University, Dresden, Germany. Silkesteinbach@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hundt
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zahnert
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berktold
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Böhner
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamann
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kriner
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmalfeldt
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harbeck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013651:Taste Disorders / Q000209:etiology*