title: A CXCR4 antagonist CTCE-9908 inhibits primary tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling may be involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis, and homing of cancer cells to bone and other organs. Our purpose was to determine whether inhibition of CXCR4 with a peptide-based antagonist would reduce tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used two mouse models of breast cancer. In the first model, 1 x 10(6) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells transfected with luciferase were implanted into the inguinal mammary fat pad to produce primary tumors. In the second model, 1 x 10(5) MDA-231-BSC12 cells were injected into the left cardiac ventricle to produce bone metastases. CTCE-9908, a peptide analog of CXCL12 that competitively binds to CXCR4, was used to test the effect of inhibiting CXCR4. Five mice from each mouse model were treated with CTCE-9908 (25 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously 5 d/wk). All mice were assessed weekly using bioluminescent imaging to quantify relative volumes of tumor burden.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bioluminescencent imaging showed that the mice treated with CTCE-9908 had significantly less primary tumor burden than the control mice. At 5 and 6 wk, the mice treated with CTCE-9908 had a 7-fold reduction and 5-fold reduction in primary tumor burden, respectively. Treatment with CTCE-9908 also significantly inhibited the rate of metastases compared with the control group. At 5 and 6 wk, the mice treated with CTCE-9908 demonstrated a 9-fold reduction and 20-fold reduction in metastatic tumor burden, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist CTCE-9908 significantly reduced metastasis as well as primary tumor growth in mouse models of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Eugene H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Balraj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cristofanilli
authors.forename: Juri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gelovani
authors.forename: Caimiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Kendra R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucci
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C540323:CTCE-9908; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4