title: Determination of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide and its degradation products in water samples using solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: An analytical method was developed for the determination of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) and five degradation products thereof including 2-chlorobenzamide (OBAM), 2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (DCBA), 2-chlorobenzoic acid (OBA), benzoic acid (BA) and benzamide (BAD) in water samples. Solid-phase extraction was combined with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray ionisation. Groundwater spiked at a concentration of 1.0 microg/L gave recoveries on day 1 between 91 and 102% (relative standard deviation: 2.2-26.5%) for OBAM, BAM, DCBA, BA and OBA, while BAD showed a somewhat lower recovery of 60% (relative standard deviation: 25%). Corresponding figures on day 3 gave recoveries of 97-110% (relative standard deviation: 3-22%) for OBAM, BAM, DCBA, BA and OBA, while BAD had a recovery of 51% (relative standard deviation: 4%). The final SPE-LC-MS/MS method had a LOD(Method) of 0.009, 0.007, 0.010, 0.021, 0.253 and 0.170 microg/L groundwater for BAD, OBAM, BAM, DCBA, BA and OBA and a LOQ(Method) of 0.030, 0.023, 0.035, 0.071, 0.842 and 0.565 microg/L groundwater in the same order of appearance. Analysis of three different Danish groundwaters confirmed the occurrence of BAM at levels exceeding the threshold value of 0.1 microg/L, while no degradation products were found above LOD(Method).
authors.affiliation: Section of Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. ggj@farma.ku.dk
authors.forename: Gitte Gotholdt
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Erland
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Björklund
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.forename: Bent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Halling-Sørensen
mesh_terms: D001549:Benzamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C057454:2,6-dichlorobenzamide