title: [Efficacy and safety of topical diltiazem 2 % in anal fissure].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 2 per cent diltiazem ointment in the treatment of anal fissure. To analyse the relationship between healing and diagnosis, and duration of the treatment and the number of applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study of all patients diagnosed with anal fissure that began treatment with topical diltiazem between January and June in 2007. Diltiazem ointment was prepared in the Pharmacy Service. Effectiveness and safety were assessed by a telephone survey conducted with each patient after 8 weeks of treatment, adding it to the patient's clinical records. The variables that were analysed were healing, adverse effects, diagnosis, duration of treatment and number of applications, among others. Follow-up was carried out for up to one year until complete healing of the fissure. The data analysis was carried out by descriptive statistics, crosstabs and Chi-square.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 70 patients were included in the study and anal fissure healed in 48.6 % of them. Healing occurred in 54.5 % of patients with anal fissure and in 33.3 % of patients with anal fissure and haemorrhoids. Some adverse effects occurred in 30 % of patients. Therapy was abandoned due to adverse reactions for 5.7 %. The fissure was cured for 60 % of patients who underwent treatment for a month or more. More than twice-daily applications did not lead to improved healing. There were no significant statistical differences in these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite not having found statistical differences between the analysed variables, treatment of anal fissures with 2 per cent diltiazem ointment has avoided surgery in nearly 50 % of patients, with few adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España. isabelfg_81@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Fernández García
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Albornoz López
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pérez Rodrigo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abellón Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004304:Dosage Forms; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004110:Diltiazem