title: [The oil, fatty acid and squalene content of varieties of raw and processed amaranth grain].
abstract: The oil, fatty acid and squalene content of varieties of raw and processed grain amaranth. Six amaranth grain varieties were processed to yield a nixtamalized flour, one cooked in water, one expanded, a malted one and a laminate samples after a thermic treatment. The chemical values of the raw samples contained from 14.5% to 15.1% protein, 5.9 to 6.7% ether extract and from 2.3% to 3.2% ash on a dry weight basis. The flours from the different processes yield products with a fat content which varied from 6.4% to 7.0% for the 6 varieties. The flours coming from dry heat processing contained higher oil levels than those flours coming from wet processes. The oil from only 3 varieties and from 4 processes were analyzed from its fatty acid composition. The oil contained on the average 17.85% of C16:0, 68.1% of stearic, olic and linoleic acids, 3.86% of C18:3, 5.1% of C20:0 and small amounts of C20:1 and C22:0. The squalene content in the oil of the processed flours varied from 7.0 to 9.6 g/100 g for the raw flour, 8.1 -12.6 g/100 g for the flour from wet cooking in water, 9.0 -12.7g/ 100 g for the flour from the nixtamalization process, 10.1-12.8g/ 100 g for the expanded grain flour, 9.0 to 11.2 g/100 g for the malted flour and 6.0-9.5 g/100 g for the laminated grain flour. The squalene averages per process showed statistical significant differences.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodas
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bressani
mesh_terms: D027721:Amaranthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013185:Squalene / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D013185:Squalene