Echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular longitudinal systolic function: current methodology and clinical applications.
Quantification of left ventricular (LV) systolic function represents a major aspect of echocardiographic assessment in the spectrum of cardiac diseases. However, because of the high complexity of LV contraction mechanics, the classical approach with assessment of a single measure of systolic function, such as ejection fraction or fractional shortening, has been largely superseded. During the last years, through the considerable technical advances in the field of ultrasonography, a number of different echocardiographic methodologies have become available to perform a detailed assessment of different aspects of LV contraction. In particular, evaluation of LV longitudinal systolic dynamics has progressively gained importance as a key aspect in the assessment of LV systolic function. For most of the techniques currently used to explore LV longitudinal function, the clinical usefulness in both research and daily practice has been validated by consistent evidence and their use is rapidly increasing. Technical considerations and potential clinical applications of the assessment of LV longitudinal systolic function are reviewed.
Zacà
Valerio
V
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy. valezeta@libero.it
Ballo
Piercarlo
P
Galderisi
Maurizio
M
Mondillo
Sergio
S
D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D054143:Heart Failure, Systolic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left