title: Correlates of functional dependence among recently admitted assisted living residents with and without dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe and contrast functional dependency (FD) levels among recently admitted AL residents with and without dementia and to assess the differential contribution of cognitive, behavioral, medical, and social factors on FD within each group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of 28 AL facilities in the Central Maryland region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and sixty-two AL residents assessed less than 1 year after admission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were given comprehensive in-person dementia assessments. Cognitive, behavioral, medical, and social factors were also assessed. FD was operationalized as impairment in activities of daily living.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 59% of residents with dementia had higher levels of FD (P < .001) and were more likely to require assistance in all assessed task-specific ADL domains (P < .001) except mobility (P = .653). In multivariate models, global cognition, medical health status, and presence of diabetes explained 43% of the variance in FD in the dementia group. Twenty-five percent of the variance in FD was explained by depression, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and global cognition in those without dementia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recently admitted AL residents have substantial levels of FD. FD is higher among residents with dementia compared with those without and the association of cognitive, mental health, and medical variables with FD differ as a function of dementia status. Future research should examine how these dimensions affect FD longitudinally and whether they may serve as targets for interventions and quality of care improvement initiatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. qmiles@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Quincy M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Samus
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Chiadi U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Onyike
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Alva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McNabney
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Rabins
authors.forename: Constantine G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lyketsos
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D040561:Assisted Living Facilities; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland