Diabetes and vascular disease: basic concepts of nitric oxide physiology, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and therapeutic possibilities.
The vascular manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) result from the dysfunction of several vascular physiology components mainly involving the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle and platelets. It is also known that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays a role in the development of this dysfunction. This review considers the basic physiology of the endothelium, especially related to the synthesis and function of nitric oxide. We also discuss the pathophysiology of vascular disease associated with DM. This includes the role of hyperglycemia in the induction of oxidative stress and the role of advanced glycation end-products. We also consider therapeutic strategies.
Capellini
Verena K
VK
Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. verenacapellini@yahoo.com.br
Celotto
Andrea C
AC
Baldo
Caroline F
CF
Olivon
Vania C
VC
Viaro
Fernanda
F
Rodrigues
Alfredo J
AJ
Evora
Paulo R B
PR
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D000975:Antioxidants; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D009569:Nitric Oxide