title: Outcomes of a system-wide protocol for elective and nonelective coronary angioplasty at sites without on-site surgery: the Mayo Clinic experience.
abstract: To compare outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) at 2 community hospitals without on-site surgery (Franciscan Skemp Healthcare and Immanuel St. Joseph's Hospital) with a center with on-site surgery (Saint Marys Hospital).
  
  
  
  Using a matched case-control design, we studied 1842 elective and 667 nonelective PCI procedures (myocardial infarction [MI]/cardiogenic shock) performed from January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2007. The quality assurance protocol included operator volume and training, application of a risk-adjustment model, transport protocol, and database participation. We compared in-hospital mortality and/or emergent coronary artery bypass surgery after PCI at Franciscan Skemp Healthcare and Immanuel St. Joseph's Hospital, which do not have on-site surgery, with Saint Marys Hospital, a medical center with the capability to perform coronary artery bypass grafting on site.
  
  
  
  Of 22 baseline variables, significant imbalances between matched groups were present in only 3 (hyperlipidemia, history of MI, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association B2/C type lesion) in the elective group and 2 (Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III/IV angina, multivessel disease) in the nonelective group. The primary end point occurred in 0.3%, 0.1%, and 0.6% of patients undergoing elective PCI (P=.07) and 3.3%, 3.3%, and 3.7% of patients undergoing nonelective PCI (P=.65) at Immanuel St. Joseph's Hospital, Franciscan Skemp Healthcare, and Saint Marys Hospital, respectively. The in-hospital mortality rate at Immanuel St. Joseph's Hospital and Franciscan Skemp Healthcare was comparable to that at Saint Marys Hospital for both elective (0.3%, 0.1%, 0.4%; P=.24) and nonelective PCI (2.6%, 2.4%, 3.1%; P=.49). No patient undergoing elective PCI required transfer for emergency cardiac surgery. Of the 21 transfers, 20 (95%) were in the setting of MI and cardiogenic shock or left main/3-vessel disease; 18 patients (86%) survived to discharge.
  
  
  
  Optimal outcomes with PCI have been observed at community hospitals without on-site cardiac surgical programs with application of a prospective, standardized quality assurance protocol.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. singh.mandeep@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Mandeep
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Bernard J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gersh
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: Henry H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Brendan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Charanjit S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rihal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016507:Cardiology Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D013503:Surgery Department, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data