title: Triptolide-induced suppression of phospholipase D expression inhibits proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
abstract: In spite of the importance of phospholipase D (PLD) in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, little is known about the molecules regulating PLD expression. Thus, identification of small molecules inhibiting PLD expression would be an important advance for PLD- mediated physiology. We examined one such here, denoted Triptolide, which was identified in a chemical screen for inhibitors of PLD expression using cell assay system based on measurement of PLD promoter activity. Triptolide significantly suppressed the expression of both PLD1 and PLD2 with sub-mM potency in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells as analyzed by promoter assay and RT-PCR. Moreover, triptolide abolished the protein level of PLD in a time and dose-dependent manner. Triptolide-induced PLD1 downregulation was also observed in all the cancer cells examined, suggesting a general phenomenon detected in various cancer cells. Decrease of PLD expression by triptolide suppressed both basal and PMA-induced PLD activity. In addition, triptolide inhibited activation of NFkB which increased PLD1 expression. Ultimately, downregulation of PLD by triptolide inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that triptolide suppresses the expression of PLD via inhibition of NFkappaB activation and then decreases cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Deuk Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Seon Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Tae Min
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Mi Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Do Sik
authors.initials: do S
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D004224:Diterpenes; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010616:Phenanthrenes; C001899:triptolide; D010739:Phospholipase D