title: Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha with fever and pulmonary lesion score in pigs experimentally infected with swine influenza virus subtype H1N2.
abstract: The relationship between tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha level, body temperature, and pulmonary lesion score was determined in 3-week-old pigs inoculated intranasally with swine influenza virus (SIV) subtype H1N2. The expression of TNF-alpha was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lung tissues by immunohistochemistry. In BAL fluid, TNF-alpha concentration was maximal at 1 days post-inoculation (dpi), declined markedly by 3 dpi (P<0.05) and steady thereafter. Mean rectal temperatures were above 40 degrees C for the infected groups at 1 dpi and declined markedly by 3 dpi. The body temperatures were correlated with the levels of TNF-alpha in BAL fluids from pigs experimentally infected with SIV (r(s)=0.9754, P<0.05). The pulmonary lesion scores were correlated with the means of positive cells by immunohistochemistry for TNF- alpha (r(s)=0.9949, P<0.001). The results suggest that the expression of TNF-alpha protein plays an important role in induction of pulmonary lesion and clinical sign such as fever in SIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bongtae
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyoung Kyu
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Yooncheol
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Yong Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Duyeol
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung-Dong
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Bog-Hieu
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chanhee
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chae
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000276:immunology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D011897:Random Allocation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha