title: Improving outcomes of the distally based hemisoleus flap: principles of angiosomes in flap design.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reliability of the distally based pedicled hemisoleus flap for coverage of relatively small medial distal third leg wounds has been continuously debated among reconstructive surgeons. Whereas some authors report that the distally based hemisoleus can be elevated safely, other authors argue that the flap's retrograde blood supply is problematic. The authors believe that application of angiosome principles may help surgeons to better design the distally based hemisoleus flap such that outcomes are optimized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients received a distally based hemisoleus flap for coverage of a small distal third leg wound. Flaps were designed to capture one full angiosome and only a portion of the adjacent angiosome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reliable soft-tissue coverage and wound healing were achieved in all patients. Mean operative time of 130 minutes reflected the relative technical ease and efficiency of the surgery. Only one patient suffered distal tip flap necrosis, which did not compromise soft-tissue coverage and ultimately resulted in a healed wound and fracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distally based hemisoleus flap is an efficacious method of treating small distal third medial tibial wounds. Flap design based on vascular perforator angiosome principles may help surgeons improve the reliability of this flap.
authors.affiliation: Chicago, Ill. From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University.
authors.forename: Clark F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Schierle
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rawlani
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Galiano
authors.forename: John Y S
authors.initials: JYS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dumanian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D013977:Tibia / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D016909:Tibial Arteries; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing