title: Utilization, retention and bio-efficacy studies of PermaNet in selected villages in Buie and Fentalie districts of Ethiopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malaria remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Pyrethroid-treated mosquito nets are one of the major tools available for the prevention and control of malaria transmission. PermaNet is a long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) recommended by WHO for malaria control.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to assess utilization and retention of PermaNet nets distributed for malaria control in Buie and Fentalie districts and monitor the bio-efficacy of the nets using the WHO cone bioassay test procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study was carried out by interviewing household heads or their representative in Buie and Fentalie districts. The two districts were selected based on a priori knowledge of variations on ethnic background and housing construction. Clusters of houses were chosen within each of the study villages for selection of households. 20 households that had received one or more PermaNet nets were chosen randomly from the clusters in each village. A total of eight used PermaNet nets were collected for the bio-efficacy test. The bio-efficacy of PermaNet nets was monitored according to the standard WHO procedures using a susceptible colony of Anopheles arabiensis to deltamethrin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 119 household heads were interviewed during the study. The retention rate of nets that were distributed in 2005 and 2006 season was 72%. A total of 62.2% of the interviewees claimed children under five years of age slept under LLIN, while only 50.7% of the nets were observed to be hanged inside houses when used as a proxy indicator of usage of LLIN. For the bio-efficacy test the mean knock-down was 94% and 100%, while the mean mortality rate observed after 24 hr holding period was 72.2% and 67% for Buie and Fentalie districts respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study revealed a moderately high retention of PermaNet in the study villages and effectiveness of the nets when tested according to the standard WHO procedure.
authors.affiliation: Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. messayg@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Messay
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fettene
authors.forename: Meshesha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balkew
authors.forename: Ciara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gimblet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D001681:Biological Assay; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005191:Family Characteristics; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012423:Rural Health; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin