title: Probing the endosperm gene expression landscape in Brassica napus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In species with exalbuminous seeds, the endosperm is eventually consumed and its space occupied by the embryo during seed development. However, the main constituent of the early developing seed is the liquid endosperm, and a significant portion of the carbon resources for the ensuing stages of seed development arrive at the embryo through the endosperm. In contrast to the extensive study of species with persistent endosperm, little is known about the global gene expression pattern in the endosperm of exalbuminous seed species such as crucifer oilseeds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We took a multiparallel approach that combines ESTs, protein profiling and microarray analyses to look into the gene expression landscape in the endosperm of the oilseed crop Brassica napus. An EST collection of over 30,000 entries allowed us to detect close to 10,000 unisequences expressed in the endosperm. A protein profile analysis of more than 800 proteins corroborated several signature pathways uncovered by abundant ESTs. Using microarray analyses, we identified genes that are differentially or highly expressed across all developmental stages. These complementary analyses provided insight on several prominent metabolic pathways in the endosperm. We also discovered that a transcription factor LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC1) was highly expressed in the endosperm and that the regulatory cascade downstream of LEC1 operates in the endosperm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endosperm EST collection and the microarray dataset provide a basic genomic resource for dissecting metabolic and developmental events important for oilseed improvement. Our findings on the featured metabolic processes and the LEC1 regulatory cascade offer new angles for investigation on the integration of endosperm gene expression with embryo development and storage product deposition in seed development.
authors.affiliation: Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada. yi.huang@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kannan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vijayan
authors.forename: Sieu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.forename: Ziying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lianglu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Daoquan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Raju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Datla
authors.forename: Youlian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Jitao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D029688:Brassica napus / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D015723:Gene Library; D017343:Genes, Plant; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors