title: Turnera diffusa Wild (Turneraceae) recovers sexual behavior in sexually exhausted males.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In folk medicine, Turnera diffusa Wild (Turnera diffusa, Turneraceae) is considered as an aphrodisiac, but its ability to restore copulation in sexually inhibited subjects has not been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether Turnera diffusa recovers sexual behavior in sexually exhausted (SExh) male rats and to identify the main components in an aqueous extract.
  
  
  METHODS
  SExh males were treated with Turnera diffusa, 20-80 mg/kg, yohimbine, 2 mg/kg, or vehicle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Yohimbine and Turnera diffusa (80 mg/kg) significantly increased the percentage of males achieving one ejaculatory series and resuming a second one. In addition, Turnera diffusa significantly reduced the post-ejaculatory interval. These effects were not associated to an increase in locomotor activity or anxiety-like behaviors. The HPLC-ESI-MS analysis showed the presence of caffeine, arbutine, and flavonoids as the main compounds in the active extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the use of Turnera diffusa as an aphrodisiac in traditional medicine and suggest possible therapeutic properties of Turnera diffusa on sexual dysfunction. The flavonoids present in active extract may participate in its pro-sexual effect, which is analogous to those produced by yohimbine, suggesting a shared mechanism of action.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico City 14370, Mexico.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estrada-Reyes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ortiz-López
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Ortíz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez-Mota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001046:Aphrodisiacs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001104:Arbutin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D029647:Turnera / Q000737:chemistry; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001046:Aphrodisiacs; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015016:Yohimbine; D002110:Caffeine; D001104:Arbutin