title: Urinary incontinence in spinal cord injured individuals 10-45 years after injury.
abstract: METHODS
  Epidemiological follow-up study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate urinary incontinence and its management in a population of individuals with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinic for Spinal Cord Injuries and Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data collection from the patient records and information from a follow-up questionnaire of traumatic SCI individuals at least 10 years after injury. A total of 236 patients participated (84.6% response), 82% males and 18% females, 47% tetraplegic and 53% paraplegic, injured between 1956 and 1990. Age at the time of follow-up was 28-84 years (mean 50.5 years). Years of follow-up were 10-45 years (mean 24.1 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 43% of the participants reported incontinence from less than once a week to daily. There was a significant linear trend across the groups of incontinence with more paraplegics reporting daily incontinence compared with tetraplegics. A higher proportion of participants using clean intermittent catheterization reported incontinence (56%) compared with participants using other bladder-emptying methods. Only 19% of the participants used medication for the management of incontinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary incontinence is a common problem in individuals with SCI. Only a minority of individuals used medication for the treatment of incontinence.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study was carried out as a part of the primary author's PhD study, financed by the Medicon Valley Academy and Coloplast A/S.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Spinal Cord Injuries, 2112, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Havnevej 25, Hornbaek, DK-3100, Denmark. rikke@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biering-Sørensen
authors.forename: J Kvist
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kristensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000150:complications; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy