title: Oral protein supplementation alone improves anabolism in a dose-dependent manner in chronic hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the protein anabolic effects of Pro-Stat 64, a high nitrogen-containing, enzyme-hydrolyzed, tryptophan-fortified, collagen protein supplement administrated during hemodialysis, at two different dosing regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, controlled, prospective study with 3 different groups: control, single dose of supplementation, and double dose of supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed at a clinical research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six prevalent chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients were enrolled: 5 males, 1 female, 4 African Americans, and 2 Caucasians. Their mean age was 45 +/- 11 years (S.D.). Two patients were diabetic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protein turnover studies were performed using amino-acid (AA) balance and primed constant infusion of L-(1-(13)C) leucine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole-body protein balance was determined according to substrate kinetics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant difference at any time point between protocols for blood chemistries and hormonal markers, except for minor variations in plasma glucose. All plasma AA groups displayed decreases during a control study, in which no supplementation was given. Compared with the control group, plasma nonessential AA and total AA concentrations were statistically significantly higher during HD after both single and double doses of supplementation. The forearm arteriovenous AA balance was statistically significantly better for essential, nonessential, and total AA uptake after both single-dose and double-dose supplementation compared with the control group, except for nonessential AA, which was significantly better only after a double dose. Whole-body protein breakdown and net protein balance were statistically significantly better during HD with a double-dose administration in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the control and single-dose groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral AA supplementation alone improves whole-body and skeletal muscle protein anabolism in a dose-dependent manner in chronic HD patients. These data should be taken into account during clinical decision-making or when designing clinical trials of nutritional supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2372, USA.
authors.forename: Mary B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sundell
authors.forename: Kerri L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Cavanaugh
authors.forename: Pingsheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: Raymond M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.forename: T Alp
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ikizler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D007930:Leucine; D008297:Male; D008660:Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D007930:Leucine