title: Evaluation of population pharmacokinetic models for amikacin dosage individualization in critically ill patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability for dosage individualization and Bayesian adaptive control of several literature-retrieved amikacin population pharmacokinetic models in patients who were critically ill.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four population pharmacokinetic models, three of them customized for critically-ill patients, were applied using pharmacokinetic software to fifty-one adult patients on conventional amikacin therapy admitted to the intensive care unit. An estimation of patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters for each model was obtained by retrospective analysis of the amikacin serum concentrations measured (n = 162) and different clinical covariates. The model performance for a priori estimation of the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum serum drug concentration (C(max)) targets was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results provided valuable confirmation of the clinical importance of the choice of population pharmacokinetic models when selecting amikacin dosages for patients who are critically ill. Significant differences in model performance were especially evident when only information concerning clinical covariates was used for dosage individualization and over the two most critical determinants of clinical efficacy of amikacin i.e. the AUC and C(max) values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only a single amikacin serum level seemed necessary to diminish the influence of population model on dosage individualization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: María Del
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mar Fernández de Gatta
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Victoria Calvo
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ardanuy
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Gil
authors.forename: Josae M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lanao
authors.forename: Silvia Romano
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D016638:Critical Illness; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000583:Amikacin