title: Differential gene expression profiles in the venom gland/sac of Orancistrocerus drewseni (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae).
abstract: To determine differential gene expression profiles in the venom gland and sac (gland/sac) of a solitary hunting wasp species, Orancistrocerus drewseni Saussure (1857), a subtractive cDNA library was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization. A total of 498 expressed sequence tags (EST) were clustered and assembled into 205 contigs (94 multiple sequences and 111 singletons). About 65% (134) of the contigs had matched BLASTx hits (E< or =10(-4)). Among these, 115 contigs had similarity to proteins with assigned molecular function in the Gene Ontology database, and most of them (112 contigs, 83%) were homologous to genes from Hymenoptera, particularly to Apis mellifera (98 contigs). The contigs encoding hyaluronidase and phospholipase A2, known to be main components of wasp venoms, were found in high frequencies (27 and 4%, respectively, as judged by the number of ESTs) in the gene ontology category of catalytic activity. Full-length open reading frames of hyaluronidase and phospholipase A2 were characterized and their abundance in the venom gland/sac was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Several contigs encoding enzymes, including zinc-metallopeptidases that are likely involved in the processing and activation of venomous proteins or peptides, were also identified from the library. Discovery of venom gland/sac-specific genes should promote further studies on biologically active components in the venom of O. drewseni.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyeong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Tae Ha
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Chang Bae
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyojoong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seunghwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Si Hyeock
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D015723:Gene Library; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014862:Wasp Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014863:Wasps / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D014862:Wasp Venoms; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; D045726:Metalloproteases