title: Combination of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation with mobilization by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor promotes functional recovery after spinal cord transection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in severe neurological deficit. However, the functional recovery following SCI is very poor due to the neural lost and limited axonal regeneration. To date, there was no effective treatment. Recent studies have shown that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transplantated into the central nervous system (CNS) can survive and differentiate into neuronal-like cells. Additionally, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can mobilize hematopoietic stem cells and inhibit neural cell apoptosis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the combined effect of BMSC transplantation and G-CSF administration on rats with traverse spinal cord injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMSCs were cultured in vitro, labeled with Hoechst33342, and then transplanted into the lesion site with or without G-CSF administration (50 microg/kg/day) for 5 subsequent days. The groups included an untreated control, along with treatment by G-CSF alone, BMSCs alone, and G-CSF + BMSCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, by the end of eighth week after SCI injury, the animals in group treated with G-CSF + BMSCs showed higher BBB scores than the other two groups. Morphometric assessment showed that the lesion areas in the rats of the G-CSF + BMSCs group were much smaller. Compared with the control, BMSC, and G-CSF groups, less expression of apoptosis cells and more neural-cell markers around the spinal cord injury were found in rats treated with G-CSF + BMSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The animals with the combination treatment achieved a better functional and morphologic recovery, although partial. This synergistic effect between BMSCs and G-CSF may be attributed to extrinsic and endogenous neurogenesis in the traverse spinal cord injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Hong-tian
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-dan
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yi-quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Ke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D015415:Biomarkers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; C017807:bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride