title: Trends in functional rhinoplasty 2008.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article reviews the recent literature on functional rhinoplasty for the most important contributions in the field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgical techniques for improving the internal nasal valve include upper lateral cartilage fold-in flap, splay graft, alar batten graft, Z-plasty, and the alloplastic Monarch implant. The Nasal Obstruction Septoplasty Effectiveness (NOSE) score and the Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation score have been applied to objectify outcomes in functional rhinoplasty. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and rhinoplasty continue to be safely used in the same surgical sitting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The last few years have seen improved perspective on what surgery can do, substantiating the inherent difficulties of establishing reproducible outcomes in form and function of the nose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Minas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Constantinides
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000601:surgery; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D018570:Risk Assessment