title: Incidence of sterile cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in infants with urinary tract infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of sterile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis in infants ≤6 months old with urinary tract infection (UTI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of children admitted to a tertiary children's hospital in 2006 and 2007 with UTI who also had a lumbar puncture performed. All urine specimens were tested for anti-microbial activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve (11.3%) of 106 infants with UTI had concurrent CSF pleocytosis. None of these patients had anti-microbial activity in the urine, showing that they had not received prior antibiotics. None of the 15 neonates (≤28 days old) with UTI and lumbar puncture had CSF pleocytosis. Antibiotics were stopped after a maximum of 10 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results are compatible with published reports on the proportion of infants with UTI who have concurrent sterile CSF pleocytosis. We were able to exclude previous antibiotic therapy by measuring urinary anti-microbial activity. Our work supports the hypothesis that CSF pleocytosis in UTI is inflammatory and not because of infection of the central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew O W
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Yam
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kesson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Isaacs
mesh_terms: D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology*