title: Memory pointing in children and adults: dissociations in the maturation of spatial and temporal movement parameters.
abstract: In previous studies a systematic directional error (the "motor oblique effect") was found in 2D memory pointing movements of healthy adults. In this study we extend these observations to observe that healthy children displayed the same motor oblique effect. In contrast other spatial and temporal movement parameters (mean amplitude error, square directional and amplitude error, latency and the time to maximum velocity) changed with increasing age. Memory delay increased the square directional and amplitude error independent of age. Finally failure of movement inhibition during the delay was more frequent in children compared to adults. These results favor the hypothesis that the motor oblique effect related to perceptual processing biases is constant from childhood while other movement parameters are modulated by age reflecting the continuing optimization of motor control from childhood to adulthood. The dissociation of memory and age effects suggests that motor working memory is already mature in young children.
authors.affiliation: Cognition and Action Group, Neurology Department, Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pantes
authors.forename: Asimakis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantas
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Evdokimidis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smyrnis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult