title: Pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
abstract: Osteoporosis is a classical age-related disease that affects women more often than men. The hypothesis that osteoporosis is a consequence of estrogen deficiency, has been proposed as early as 1941 by Albright and colleagues. The exact mechanisms of this steroid hormone deficiency in postmenopausal women as well as in the elderly men are continuously being unraveled. Collectively, estrogen deficiency has direct as well as indirect impacts on bone metabolism all of which promote osteoclastogenesis. This review aims at shedding light on the endocrine and osteoimmunological mechanisms that lead to involutional osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Medical Clinic II, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria. wolfgang.sipos@vu-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sipos
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pietschmann
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rauner
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kerschan-Schindl
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patsch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004967:Estrogens