title: High-risk pregnancy in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): a case of ectopic, abdominal pregnancy with birth of a live, term infant, and a case of gestational diabetes complicated by pre-eclampsia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cases of abdominal pregnancy, in the form of intra-abdominal mummified fetuses, have been described in nonhuman primates. Gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia are common pregnancy complications in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two timed-bred rhesus monkeys had high-risk pregnancies, an abdominal pregnancy with delivery of a live term infant, and a case of gestational diabetes that later developed pre-eclampsia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The monkey that had abdominal pregnancy later died from septic peritonitis. The monkey had a colonic adenocarcinoma that may have allowed leakage of intestinal contents into the abdomen. Her infant was fostered to another female and survived. The monkey with gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia was treated with a regimen similar to that used in women, and a live infant was delivered at day 157 of gestation by Caesarian section.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cases underscore the value of timed-breeding and the similarities between pregnancy complications in women and in nonhuman primates.
authors.affiliation: Research Animal Resources Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. lisakh@rarc.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krugner-Higby
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luck
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Crispen
authors.forename: Gabriele R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lubach
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Coe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000662:veterinary; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011269:Pregnancy, Abdominal / Q000662:veterinary*; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk