title: The effect of storage conditions, contamination modes and cleaning procedures on the resin bond strength to lithium disilicate ceramic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the resin bond strength to pre-etched lithium disilicate ceramic using different cleaning methods after two contamination modes (saliva or saliva and silicone).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plexiglas tubes filled with composite resin (MultiCore Flow) were bonded to etched and silanized ceramic disks made of lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max Press) using a luting resin (Multilink Automix). Either etched or unetched ceramic surfaces were contaminated with saliva or with saliva followed by a disclosing silicone. Groups of 16 specimens each were bonded after pretreatment using 4 surface cleaning agents (37% phosphoric acid, 5% hydrofluoric acid, 96% isopropanol, air polishing device with sodium bicarbonate) in different combinations. Before measuring tensile bond strength, specimens were stored for 3 or 150 days with thermocycling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 150 days of storage, etching of saliva-contaminated surfaces with 5% hydrofluoric acid and/or 37% phosphoric acid provided statistically significantly higher bond strengths (37.9 to 49.5 MPa) than the other cleaning methods (1.7 to 15.5 MPa). After saliva and silicone contamination, etching with 5% hydrofluoric acid provided statistically significantly higher bond strengths (44.5 to 50.3 MPa) than all other cleaning methods (0.3 to 13.5 MPa).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ceramic cleaning methods after try-in procedures have a significant influence on the resin bond strength and are dependent on the type of contamination. Re-etching lithium disilicate ceramic with 5% hydrofluoric acid is most effective in removing contamination with saliva and/or a silicone disclosing medium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany. kklosa@proth.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klosa
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolfart
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wenz
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D019840:2-Propanol; D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D003188:Composite Resins; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004356:Drug Storage; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D012463:Saliva; D012828:Silicones; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C074415:Fit-Checker; C508050:IPS e.max Press; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D012828:Silicones; C502351:multilink adhesive system; D014867:Water; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C030242:phosphoric acid; D019840:2-Propanol; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid