title: Drinking water from private wells and risks to children.
abstract: Drinking water for approximately one sixth of US households is obtained from private wells. These wells can become contaminated by pollutant chemicals or pathogenic organisms, leading to significant illness. Although the US Environmental Protection Agency and all states offer guidance for construction, maintenance, and testing of private wells, there is little regulation, and with few exceptions, well owners are responsible for their own wells. Children may also drink well water at child care or when traveling. Illness resulting from children's ingestion of contaminated water can be severe. This report reviews relevant aspects of groundwater and wells; describes the common chemical and microbiologic contaminants; gives an algorithm with recommendations for inspection, testing, and remediation for wells providing drinking water for children; reviews the definitions and uses of various bottled waters; provides current estimates of costs for well testing; and provides federal, national, state, and, where appropriate, tribal contacts for more information.
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rogan
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Brady
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009566:Nitrates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014871:Water Microbiology / Q000592:standards*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D018508:Water Purification / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical