title: Audible acoustics in high-shear wet granulation: application of frequency filtering.
abstract: Previous work has shown analysis of audible acoustic emissions from high-shear wet granulation has potential as a technique for end-point detection. In this research, audible acoustic emissions (AEs) from three different formulations were studied to further develop this technique as a process analytical technology. Condenser microphones were attached to three different locations on a PMA-10 high-shear granulator (air exhaust, bowl and motor) to target different sound sources. Size, flowability and tablet break load data was collected to support formulator end-point ranges and interpretation of AE analysis. Each formulation had a unique total power spectral density (PSD) profile that was sensitive to granule formation and end-point. Analyzing total PSD in 10 Hz segments identified profiles with reduced run variability and distinct maxima and minima suitable for routine granulation monitoring and end-point control. A partial least squares discriminant analysis method was developed to automate selection of key 10 Hz frequency groups using variable importance to projection. The results support use of frequency refinement as a way forward in the development of acoustic emission analysis for granulation monitoring and end-point control.
authors.affiliation: The Western Fluidization Group, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hansuld
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Briens
authors.forename: Joe A B
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: Amyn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sayani
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013607:Tablets; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013607:Tablets