Influence of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the P1 promoter of the furin gene on transcription activity and hepatitis B virus infection.
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is a viral strategy of immune response evasion associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence. Spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion is usually accompanied by liver disease remission. Unfortunately, this goal is difficult to achieve and requires expensive and time-consuming treatment. Furin, a proprotein convertase, is involved in HBeAg maturation and is therefore a potential therapeutic target or indicator for predicting disease progression and antiviral response. Here we demonstrate that healthy Han Chinese from southern China (an endemic area of HBV infection) harbor a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; -229 C/T) in a 1268-bp region of the P1 promoter of the furin gene [FES upstream region (Fur)]. A luciferase reporter gene assay showed that transcription activity is about 3 times higher in allele T carriers than in allele C carriers of this SNP. Allele T includes a suboptimal transcription factor NF-E2 [i.e., nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)]-binding motif according to bioinformatics and studies using site-directed mutagenesis. We also observed that individuals carrying allele T were more likely to become persistently infected. When persistently infected patients were divided into subgroups according to recent guidelines and HBeAg-defective virus infection was taken into account, patients with allele T or genotype TT had a decreased likelihood of HBeAg seroconversion or an increased likelihood of progressing to HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B or liver cirrhosis if accompanied by HBeAg-defective virus infection.


CONCLUSIONS
The common SNP in the P1 promoter of the Fur gene affects furin transcription activity and HBV infection outcome, possibly by increasing furin messenger RNA expression, and this suggests that furin is a potential therapeutic target and that this SNP is a potential predictor of disease progression or therapeutic response.
Lei
Rui Xiang
RX
Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, People's Republic of China.
Shi
Hong
H
Peng
Xiao Mou
XM
Zhu
Yin Hong
YH
Cheng
Jie
J
Chen
Gui Hua
GH
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D045683:Furin / Q000235:genetics*; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D045683:Furin