title: Bovine serum albumin release from novel chitosan-fluoro-aluminosilicate glass ionomer cement: stability and cytotoxicity studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding chitosan (CS) to conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) on protein release and its cytotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the released protein from two glass ionomer formulations. One (GIC+BSA) contained fluoro-aluminosilicate glass mixed with BSA, and another (GIC:CS+BSA) used a similar glass and BSA with 20% chitosan. Six disc specimens per group (10mm in diameter, 2mm in height) were prepared and placed in phosphate buffer saline, which was replaced at various times over 2 weeks. The released protein was determined by a BCA assay. Cytotoxicity of the extracts from these materials for 1, 2 and 7 days to dental pulp cells was evaluated using MTT assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GIC:CS+BSA released a burst of BSA in the first 6h, and slowly released at different rates over the 2 weeks. GIC+BSA showed a similar result, but protein could not be detected at the 12h. The protein release rate of GIC:CS+BSA was significantly greater than GIC+BSA (P<0.01); nearly three times higher. The released BSA had the same molecular weight as evaluated by SDS-PAGE. From the MTT assay, the percentages of viable cells were significantly different and can be arranged as: GIC:CS+BSA>GIC:CS>GI+BSA>GI and the cytotoxicity was increased by time of extraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chitosan added in glass ionomer cement can prolong release of BSA as well as not increasing the toxicity to pulp cells. This material may be useful for protein delivery.
authors.affiliation: Dental Unit, Yala Regional Hospital, Yala 95000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Araya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Limapornvanich
authors.forename: Suwanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jitpukdeebodintra
authors.forename: Chanothai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hengtrakool
authors.forename: Ureporn
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kedjarune-Leggat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D011506:Proteins; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D048271:Chitosan; C020328:fluoroaluminum silicate; D005459:Fluorides