Impact of water stagnation in residential cold and hot water plumbing on concentrations of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids.
This study demonstrates that levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) increase considerably when cold water stagnates in residential pipes and, more significantly, when water remains in the hot water tank. Levels of haloacetic acids (HAAs) increase as well in both cases, but less significantly in comparison to THMs. The study also demonstrates that in both the plumbing system and residential hot water tank, chlorinated and brominated DBP species do not behave in the same manner. Finally, the study shows that sustained use of water in households helps to maintain THM and HAA levels close to those found in water of the distribution system. The results are useful to identify methods of indoor water use that minimize population exposure to DBPs and improve DBP exposure assessment for epidemiological studies.
Dion-Fortier
Annick
A
Civil Engineering Department, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada G1K 7P4.
Rodriguez
Manuel J
MJ
Sérodes
Jean
J
Proulx
François
F
D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D012498:Sanitary Engineering; D013696:Temperature; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply
D000085:Acetates; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water