title: Distribution of glutamate transporter 1 mRNA in the central nervous system of the pigeon (Columba livia).
abstract: Glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) in glial cells removes glutamate that diffuses from the synaptic cleft into the extracellular space. Previously, we have shown the distribution of glutamatergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of the pigeon. In the present study, we identified cDNA sequence of the pigeon GLT1, and mapped the distribution of the mRNA-expressing cells in CNS to examine whether GLT1 is associated with glutamatergic terminal areas. The cDNA sequence of the pigeon GLT1 consisted of 1889bp nucleotides and the amino acids showed 97% and 87% identity to the chicken and human GLT1, respectively. In situ hybridization autoradiograms revealed GLT1 mRNA expression in glial cells and produced regional differences of GLT1 mRNA distribution in CNS. GLT1 mRNA was expressed preferentially in the pallium than the subpallium. Moderate expression was seen in the hyperpallium, Field L, mesopallium, and hippocampal formation. In the thalamus, moderate expression was found in the ovoidal nucleus, rotundal nucleus, triangular nucleus, and lateral spiriform nucleus, while the dorsal thalamic nuclei were weak. In the brainstem, the isthmic nuclei, optic tectum, vestibular nuclei, and cochlear nuclei expressed moderately, but the cerebellar cortex showed strong expression. Bergmann glial cells expressed GLT1 mRNA very strongly. The results indicate that cDNA sequence of the pigeon GLT1 is comparable with that of the mammalian GLT1, and a large number of GLT1 mRNA-expressing areas correspond with areas where AMPA-type glutamate receptors are located. Avian GLT1 in glial cells probably maintain microenvironment of glutamate concentration around synapses as in mammalian GLT1.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan. atozi@gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atoji
authors.forename: Mohammad Rafiqul
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Islam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010856:Columbidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger