title: Molecular genetic analysis of FGFR1 signalling reveals distinct roles of MAPK and PLCgamma1 activation for self-renewal of adult neural stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neural stem cells (NSCs) are present in the adult mammalian brain and sustain life-long adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In culture, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is sufficient to maintain the self-renewal of adult NSCs derived from the adult rat hippocampus. The underlying signalling mechanism is not fully understood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the established adult rat NSC culture, FGF-2 promotes self-renewal by increasing proliferation and inhibiting spontaneous differentiation of adult NSCs, accompanied with activation of MAPK and PLC pathways. Using a molecular genetic approach, we demonstrate that activation of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1), largely through two key cytoplasmic amino acid residues that are linked to MAPK and PLC activation, suffices to promote adult NSC self-renewal. The canonical MAPK, Erk1/2 activation, is both required and sufficient for the NSC expansion and anti-differentiation effects of FGF-2. In contrast, PLC activation is integral to the maintenance of adult NSC characteristics, including the full capacity for neuronal and oligodendroglial differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies reveal two amino acid residues in FGFR1 with linked downstream intracellular signal transduction pathways that are essential for maintaining adult NSC self-renewal. The findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism regulating adult NSC self-renewal, and pose implications for using these cells in potential therapeutic applications.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. dma2@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Dengke K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Karthikeyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ponnusamy
authors.forename: Mi-Ryoung
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Guo-li
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002999:Clone Cells; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020917:Receptor, trkA / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D020917:Receptor, trkA; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma