title: Pharmacotherapy of systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: The pharmacological management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is challenging owing to its unpredictable clinical course, the variable organ system involvement and the lack of clear understanding of disease pathogenesis. The widely used corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, which can control disease activity, have serious, potentially fatal, side effects. In the last decade, a better understanding of lupus pathogenesis has led to the development of biological agents that are directed at biomarkers. However, these biologicals also exert side effects due to infections resulting from completely eliminating immune cells (e.g., B cells) or cytokine signals (e.g., interferon-alpha) or affecting molecular targets outside the immune system (CD40L on platelets). New biomarker-driven clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of B-cell depletion, blocking of interferon signaling, inhibition of the mTOR pathway, and restoration of glutathione deficiency in lupus T cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, SUNY, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear