title: TNF-alpha expression in gastric mucosa of individuals infected with different virulent Helicobacter pylori strains.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric mucosa, leading to chronic superficial gastritis and in some cases to peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, or gastric lymphoma. It has been postulated that the clinical outcome depends on differences in H. pylori strain virulence as well as on individual factors of the host. Thus, we aimed to assess the relation between H. pylori cagA/vacA genotypes and the TNF-alpha gene expression in gastric mucosa specimens from patients with chronic gastritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted with gastric mucosa samples obtained during gastroendoscopy from 43 H. pylori-infected individuals with chronic gastritis. The presence of ureA and cagA genes and vacA allele combinations were analyzed in isolated DNA by the polymerase chain reaction method. Isolates of RNA were used for cDNA synthesis by reverse transcription. Synthesized cDNA was used to determine the TNF-alpha gene expression level by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cagA gene was detected in 67.44% of H. pylori strains. Five vacA alleles in the tested H. pylori strains were detected: s1a/m1 (18.60%), s1a/m2 (23.26%), s1a/m3 (18.60%), s1b/m2 (6.98%), and s2m2 (32.56%). There were no significant differences in TNF-alpha gene expression in strains expressing cagA versus those not expressing this gene, and no significant differences among strains with different vacA alleles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-alpha gene expression in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected patients appears to be independent of H. pylori cagA/vacA genotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland. marzenazz@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zalewska-Ziob
authors.forename: Brygida
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adamek
authors.forename: Joanna Katarzyna
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Strzelczyk
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gawron
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jarzab
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gubała
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kula
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Krakowczyk
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sieroń
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiczkowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori