title: The effect of the plasma n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on the dietary LDL phenotype transformation - insights from the LIPGENE study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  LDL phenotype B is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and oxidative stress. The effect of plasma n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio on LDL phenotype transformation was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with metabolic syndrome (n=99) received one of four isocaloric diets: (A) High-fat (38% energy) SFA-rich diet (HSFA); (B) High-fat (38% energy), MUFA-rich diet (HMUFA); (C), low-fat (LF) (28% energy), high-complex carbohydrate diet with 1.24g/d oleic sunflower oil (LFHCC) and (D): low-fat (28% energy), high-complex carbohydrate diet, with 1.24g/d LC n-3 PUFA (LFHCC n-3) for 12 weeks. Analysis of plasma lipid profile and LDL phenotype was done pre- and post-interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-dietary change of LDL density was a main effect observed in all groups. LFHCC n-3 and HFMUFA diets resulted in favorable alteration of LDL phenotype from B to A and decreased LDL density. In contrast, increased LDL density was observed in HSFA and LFHCC groups. The plasma pre-n3/n6 PUFA, Apo E change and pre-Apo CIII/CII ratios explained in 65% the post-dietary change of LDL density in diet LFHCC n-3 consumers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Study demonstrates efficacy of dietary n-3 PUFA to modify pro-atherogenic to less atherogenic LDL phenotype in patients with metabolic syndrome. Study identifier at ClinicalTrials.gov was NCT00429195.
authors.affiliation: Dept. Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland. mbhartwi@cyf-kr.edu.pl
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartwich
authors.forename: Malgorzata Malczewska
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Malec
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Partyka
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pérez-Martinez
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Miranda
authors.forename: Audrey C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tierney
authors.forename: Jolene
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mc Monagle
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Defoort
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolkow
authors.forename: Aldona
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dembinska-Kieć
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL