title: Protection of live bacteria from bile acid toxicity using bile acid adsorbing resins.
abstract: We previously demonstrated that a dry, room temperature stable formulation of a live bacterial vaccine was highly susceptible to bile, and suggested that this will lead to significant loss of viability of any live bacterial formulation released into the intestine using an enteric coating or capsule. We found that bile and acid tolerance is very rapidly recovered after rehydration with buffer or water, raising the possibility that rehydration in the absence of bile prior to release into the intestine might solve the problem of bile toxicity to dried cells. We describe here a novel formulation that combines extensively studied bile acid adsorbent resins with the dried bacteria, to temporarily adsorb bile acids and allow rehydration and recovery of bile resistance of bacteria in the intestine before release. Tablets containing the bile acid adsorbent cholestyramine release 250-fold more live bacteria when dissolved in a bile solution, compared to control tablets without cholestyramine or with a control resin that does not bind bile acids. We propose that a simple enteric coated oral dosage form containing bile acid adsorbent resins will allow improved live bacterial delivery to the intestine via the oral route, a major step towards room temperature stable, easily administered and distributed vaccine pills and other bacterial therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, New Museums Site, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK. ade24@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Nigel K H
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Slater
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts