title: Quantitative determination of flavonoids by column high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and ultraviolet absorption detection in Artemisia afra and comparative studies with various species of Artemisia plants.
abstract: A simple and specific analytical method for the quantitative determination of flavonoids from the aerial parts of the Artemisia afra plant samples was developed. By column high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV absorption and mass spectrometry (MS) detection, separation was achieved on a reversed-phase octadecylsilyl (C18) column with water, methanol, and acetonitrile, all containing 0.1% acetic acid, as the mobile phase. These methods were used to analyze various species of Artemisia plant samples. The wavelength used for quantification of flavonoids with the diode array detector was 335 nm. The limits of detection (LOD) by HPLC/MS were found to be 7.5, 7.5, 10, 2.0, and 2.0 ng/mL; and by LC-UV the LODs were 500, 500, 500, 300, and 300 ng/mL for apigenin, chrysoeriol, tamarixetin, acacetin, and genkwanin, respectively. The HPLC/MS method was found to be 50-150 times more sensitive than the HPLC-UV method. HPLC/MS coupled with an electrospray ionization interface is described for the identification and quantification of flavonoids in various plant samples. This method involved the use of the [M+H]+ ions of the compounds at mass-to-charge ratio of 1.0606, 301.0712, 317.0661, 285.0763, and 285.0763 (calculated mass), respectively, in the positive ion mode with extractive ion monitoring.
authors.affiliation: The University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacognosy, National Center for Natural Products Research, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Bharathi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avula
authors.forename: Yan-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Troy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Smillie
authors.forename: Wilfred
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mabusela
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Weitz
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D047310:Apigenin / Q000032:analysis; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D047309:Flavones / Q000032:analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D047309:Flavones; D005419:Flavonoids; C014568:genkwanin; C508967:tamarixetin; D047310:Apigenin; D011794:Quercetin; C023717:acacetin; C007054:chrysoeriol