title: Maxillary sinus floor elevation using the (transalveolar) osteotome technique with or without grafting material. Part I: Implant survival and patients' perception.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the survival and success rates of implants installed utilizing the (transalveolar) osteotome technique, to compare peri-implant soft tissue parameters and marginal bone levels of osteotome-installed implants with implants placed using standard surgical procedures, and to evaluate patient-centered outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  During 2000 to 2005, 252 Straumann dental implants were inserted in 181 patients. The surgical technique was a modification of the original osteotome technique presented by Summers. In addition to the clinical examination, the patients were asked to give their perception of the surgical procedure, utilizing a visual analogue scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative survival rate of the osteotome-installed implants after a mean follow-up time of 3.2 years, was 97.4% (95% confidence intervals: 94.4-98.8%). From the 252 implants inserted, three were lost before loading and another three were lost in the first and second year. According to residual bone height the survival was 91.3% for implant sites with < or =4 mm residual bone height, and 90% for sites with 4 mm and 5 mm, when compared with that of 100% in sites with bone height of above 5 mm. According to implant length the survival rates were 100% for 12 mm, 98.7% for 10 mm, 98.7% for 8 mm and only 47.6% for 6 mm implants. Soft tissue parameters (pocket probing depth, probing attachment level, bleeding on probing and marginal bone levels) did not yield any differences between the osteotome-installed and the conventionally placed implants. More than 90% of the patients were satisfied with the implant therapy and would undergo similar therapy again if necessary. The cost associated with implant therapy was considered to be justified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the osteotome technique was a reliable method for implant insertion in the posterior maxilla, especially at sites with 5 mm or more of preoperative residual bone height and a relatively flat sinus floor.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. bep@hi.is
authors.forename: Bjarni E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Pjetursson
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rast
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Brägger
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zwahlen
authors.forename: Niklaus P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000145:classification; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000637:transplantation; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000044:Dental Abutments; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D008903:Minerals