title: Brace management in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
abstract: Skeletally immature patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are at risk for curve progression. Although numerous nonoperative methods have been attempted, including physical therapy, exercise, massage, manipulation, and electrical stimulation, only bracing is effective in preventing curve progression and the subsequent need for surgery. Brace treatment is initiated as either full-time (TLSO, Boston) or nighttime (Charleston, Providence) wear, although patient compliance with either mode of bracing has been a documented problem. We review the natural history of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, identify the risks for curve progression, describe the types of braces available for treatment, and review the indications for and efficacy of brace treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA. jschiller@lifespan.org
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: Nikhil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.forename: Craig P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Eberson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001915:Braces; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D018450:Disease Progression; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome