title: Altered emotional morality in frontotemporal dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a disorder characterised by abnormal social behaviour and potential sociopathy, provides a window to the neurobiology of moral behaviour. This study investigated the basis of altered moral judgements in patients with FTD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We administered an inventory of moral knowledge, five "reasoned" moral dilemmas, and five "emotional" moral dilemmas where subjects may cause direct harm to another through their own actions, to 21 patients with FTD compared to 21 comparably mildly impaired patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 21 normal controls. Among the FTD patients, the results were compared to findings on functional neuroimaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups showed retention of knowledge for moral behaviour and the ability to make reasoned moral judgements. In contrast to the other groups, the FTD patients were altered in their ability to make emotional moral judgements. Among the FTD patients, the altered moral judgements corresponded to right hemisphere frontotemporal involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In FTD patients, these findings suggest a decreased emotional responsiveness to others and a tendency to respond to moral dilemmas in a calculated fashion. Such a disturbance may result from ventromedial frontal dysfunction in FTD and supports the presence of a "morality" network in the brain, predominantly in the right hemisphere.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. mmendez@UCLA.edu
authors.forename: Mario F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Jill S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shapira
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003704:Dementia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009014:Morals; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon