title: GCN5-mediated transcriptional control of the metabolic coactivator PGC-1beta through lysine acetylation.
abstract: Changes in expression levels of genes encoding for proteins that control metabolic pathways are essential to maintain nutrient and energy homeostasis in individual cells as well as in organisms. An important regulated step in this process is accomplished through covalent chemical modifications of proteins that form complexes with the chromatin of gene promoters. The peroxisome proliferators gamma co-activator 1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional co-activators comprises important components of a number of these complexes and participates in a large array of glucose and lipid metabolic adaptations. Here, we show that PGC-1beta is acetylated on at least 10 lysine residues distributed along the length of the protein by the acetyl transferase general control of amino-acid synthesis (GCN5) and that this acetylation reaction is reversed by the deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). GCN5 strongly interacts with PGC-1beta and represses its transcriptional activity associated with transcription factors such as ERRalpha, NRF-1, and HNF4alpha, however acetylation and transcriptional repression do not occur when a catalytically inactive GCN5 is co-expressed. Transcriptional repression coincides with PGC-1beta redistribution to nuclear foci where it co-localizes with GCN5. Furthermore, knockdown of GCN5 ablates PGC-1beta acetylation and increases transcriptional activity. In primary skeletal muscle cells, PGC-1beta induction of endogenous target genes, including MCAD and GLUT4, is largely repressed by GCN5. Functionally, this translates to a blunted response to PGC-1beta-induced insulin-mediated glucose transport. These results suggest that PGC-1beta acetylation by GCN5 might be an important step in the control of glucose and lipid pathways and its dysregulation could contribute to metabolic diseases.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvad Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lerin
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gygi
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puigserver
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D008239:Lysine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor
chemical_list: D000123:Acetyltransferases; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005947:Glucose; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D007328:Insulin; D008239:Lysine; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C455622:PPARGC1B protein, human; C501179:KAT2A protein, human; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor