title: Calcium reuptake related genes as a cardiac biomarker in dogs with chronic mitral valvular insufficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gene expression linked to sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium reuptake (SRCR) is altered in humans and animals with heart failure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The expression of SRCR genes in peripheral blood cells have the potential to be cardiac biomarkers of heart failure in dogs with chronic mitral valvular insufficiency (CMVI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Client-owned 15 healthy control dogs and 23 small breed dogs with CMVI classified by severity, based on the classification system determined by the international small animal cardiac heart council.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled, observational study. The expression levels of SRCR genes (SERCA2alpha, PLN, and HAX-1) were evaluated in peripheral blood of dogs at different stages of CMVI via real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA expression levels of PLN and HAX-1, but not SERCA2alpha were significantly (P=.08), reduced in dogs with moderate to severe CMVI. The fold change in PLN expression compared with control were 0.38+/-0.07 (in group II) and 0.20+/-0.10 (in group III), while HAX-1 expression were 0.37+/-0.06 (group II) and 0.41+/-0.12 (group III). The expressions of PLN and HAX-1 were significantly reduced in groups II and III (P<.05) but not in group I (P>.05). The reduced PLN and HAX-1 expressions were highly correlated with the severity of heart failure (P<.001), vertebral heart score (P<.05), and left atrium to aortic root ratio (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLN and HAX-1 can be potential biomarkers for heart failure caused by CMVI.
authors.affiliation: Section of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 201-100, South Korea.
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S-I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hyun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium