title: Toxicity of artificial runoff fostered with dry deposition particulates from industrial, commercial, and highway area in Gwangju, Korea.
abstract: The adverse effects of rainwater and artificial urban runoff (an imitation of urban runoff during rainfall event) were investigated using a battery of bioassays employing three test species. Urban dusts were collected at three representative sites; commercial, industrial and highway areas. The water quality parameters of rainwater and artificial runoff revealed low hardness (23.4 approximately 34.2 mg*L(-1) as CaCO(3)) and alkalinity (7.0 approximately 34.2 mg*L(-1) as CaCO(3)). High toxicities were observed in the bioassays for the artificial runoffs. The average toxic units for D. magna, S. capricornutum, and O. latipes were 1.26(+/-0.84), 1.34(+/-1.10) and 2.05(+/-1.08), respectively. Of these species, O. latipes revealed significantly higher toxicity compared to D. magna and S. capricornutum (p < 0.05). Embryo lesions were observed with 6.25% treatments, and these significantly increased at 12.5% treatments (p < 0.05). The EC(50) values for each artificial runoff were 22.5, 22.6 and 25.4% for commercial, industrial and highway areas, respectively. With 12.5% treatment, significant delays in hatching times were observed (p < 0.05); all embryos tested did not hatched at 100% treatment. Similarly, a significant decrease in hatching success was observed at every sampling point from 25% treatment (p < 0.05). The adverse effects of artificial runoff on the three test species suggests that urban surface runoff can cause significant impairment in aquatic ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ra
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000187:drug effects; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D007221:Industry; D007723:Korea; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009990:Oryzias; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical