title: Rhesus macaque blastocysts resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection of vacuum-dried spermatozoa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sperm desiccation is an attractive approach for sperm preservation. In this study, we examined the feasibility and efficiency of intracytoplasmic sperm injection using vacuum-dried rhesus macaque sperm in CZB medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 109 MII oocytes were injected with 69 fresh ejaculated sperm and 40 vacuum-dried sperm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cleavage occurred in 97% of oocytes injected with fresh, motile sperm and in 88% of oocytes injected with vacuum-dried sperm. Of the cleaved oocytes, 68% fresh sperm-injected oocytes and 74% of dried sperm-injected oocytes developed to the compact morula stage. Blastocyst development was comparable between fresh-injected (16%) and vacuum-dried-injected (17%) oocytes. Differences between treatment groups were not significant. Transmission electron microscopic observation of the blastocysts indicated no detectable differences between fresh sperm and dried sperm-derived embryos.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that vacuum-dried rhesus macaque sperm are capable of inducing fertilization and development of pre-implantation embryos when sperm were dried under vacuum and microinjected into normal viable oocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. smeyers@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: Ming-Wen
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Allen C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Enders
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Overstreet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003890:Desiccation; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes; D051381:Rats; D012662:Semen Preservation; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013094:Spermatozoa; D014618:Vacuum