title: Predictors of malignancy in preoperative nondiagnostic biopsies of the thyroid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether preoperative variables can be used to predict malignancy for thyroid nodules with follicular, Hürthle, or nondiagnostic cytology on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 77 consecutive patients selected for total or subtotal thyroidectomy for follicular, Hürthle, or nondiagnostic lesions of the thyroid in two university hospitals. Eleven clinical variables, as well as nodule size, multiplicity, and ultrasound calcifications, were correlated with final histopathologic diagnosis of benign or malignant disease. Analysis was preformed using the Pearson chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall rate of malignancy in our series was 61% (n = 47). FNABs classified as follicular or Hürthle lesions without cellular atypia had a significantly lower risk of malignancy (49% vs 71%; p = .05). Patients who presented with a solitary nodule and FNAB cellular atypia displayed an increased risk of malignancy (92% vs 55%; p = .011). The rate of malignancy was higher for patients with a positive family history (100% vs 59%), a solitary nodule (73% vs 53%), cellular atypia (76% vs 54%), or intrathyroidal calcifications on ultrasonography (71% vs 57%), although none were found to be statistically significant (p > .05). Male gender, age > 45 years, nodule size > 3 cm, mass effect symptoms, and radiation exposure to the neck were not associated with malignancy in our series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When presented with follicular, Hürthle, or nondiagnostic biopsies for thyroid nodules, thyroid surgeons should rely systematically on sonographic findings and cytopathologic features to guide their management approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Asher A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mendelson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamilia
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hier
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garfield
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rochon
authors.forename: Olguta
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gologan
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Payne
mesh_terms: D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D018265:Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography