title: Wastewater renovation using constructed soil filter (CSF): a novel approach.
abstract: Constructed soil filter (CSF) also known as Soil Biotechnology (SBT) is a process for water renovation which makes use of formulated media with culture of soil macro- and microorganisms. CSF combines sedimentation, infiltration and biodegradation processes to remove oxidizable organics and inorganics of wastewater in a single facility. Operating experience shows hydraulic loading in the range of 0.05-0.25 m(3)/m(2) h and organic loading up to 200-680 g/m(2) d. The results show increase in dissolved oxygen levels, COD removal (from 352 mg/l to 20 mg/l); BOD removal (from 211 mg/l to 7.0 mg/l); suspended solids removal (from 293 mg/l to 16 mg/l); turbidity reduction (from 145 NTU to 5.3 NTU); iron (from 5 mg/l to 0.3 mg/l); arsenic (from 500 microg/l to 10 microg/l); total coliform and fecal coliform removal (from 145 x 10(5) to 55 CFU/100 mL and 150 x 10(8) to 110 CFU/100 mL respectively), with desired pathogen levels as per WHO standards, i.e. < or =10(3) CFU/100 mL. CSF reveals advantages such as low HRT (0.5-2.0 h), low energy requirement (0.04 kWh/m(3)), no pre-treatment, high dissolved oxygen levels in the effluent, no biosludge production, no mechanical aeration and no odor, fish compatible water quality and evergreen ambience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India. npravin@iitb.ac.in
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Nemade
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kadam
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shankar
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000397:Air Pollution; D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D056890:Eukaryota; D005374:Filtration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007501:Iron / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009835:Oligochaeta; D011891:Rain; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013551:Swimming Pools; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012987:Soil; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007501:Iron; D001151:Arsenic