title: Expression of glutaredoxin-1 in nasal polyps and airway epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutaredoxins (GRX)-1 is glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase. However, the role of these enzymes remains unknown in airway inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we aimed to establish the expression pattern of GRX-1 in the nasal polyps (NPs) and to assess the regulatory mechanisms associated with GRX-1 expression in interleukin (IL)-1 beta-treated airway epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of GRX-1 in NPs and normal nasal mucosa were analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. IL-1 beta-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and GRX-1 expression in the airway epithelial cells was determined by flow cytometry and immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression level of GRX-1 in NPs was significantly higher than in the normal nasal mucosa (p < 0.05). GRX-1 was highly expressed in the surface epithelial cells and the submucosal glandular cells in the NPs. IL-1 beta increased the intracellular ROS formation and GRX-1 expression in airway epithelial cells. The inhibition of IL-1 beta-induced ROS production by N-acetyl-cystein, an ROS scavenger, reduced GRX-1 expression. Diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin, NADPH oxidase inhibitors, did not abolish IL-1 beta-induced ROS formation and GRX-1 expression, whereas budesonide attenuated it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High GRX-1 expression in NPs might be a primary defense against chronic inflammatory oxidative stress in nasal mucosa. IL-1 beta-induced up-regulation of GRX-1 in airway epithelial cells is probably mediated by ROS. Glucocorticoids can regulate IL-1 beta-induced ROS formation and GRX-1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gumi CHA Hospital, College of Medicine, CHA University, Gumi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Chang Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Si-Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yong-Woon
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Heung-Man
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong-Dae
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019819:Budesonide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D054477:Glutaredoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054477:Glutaredoxins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019819:Budesonide