title: Confabulations on episodic and semantic memory questions are associated with different neurologic backgrounds in Alzheimer disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The neurologic background of confabulations with reference to delusions or cognitive functions has not been clarified in Alzheimer disease (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Confabulations of 41 AD patients and 12 healthy controls were studied using the Modified Confabulation Battery. The mini-mental state examination and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument were used for cognitive evaluations. Cerebral atrophy was assessed by voxel-based-morphometry of magnetic resonance imaging and the correlations with confabulations were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping 2. For the relations with delusion, the AD patients were divided into the delusion and nondelusion groups. The single photon emission computed tomography was performed to evaluate cerebral blood flow and the group difference was analyzed by statistical nonparametric mapping 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AD patients exhibited more confabulations on episodic memory questions compared with semantic questions. The semantic confabulation scores correlated with mini-mental state examination and most Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument domains scores, and correlated with atrophy in the anterior cingulate, bilateral medial temporal, and right middle temporal gyrus. The delusion group exhibited more episodic confabulations and had lower prefrontal blood flow than the nondelusion group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different mechanisms are involved in confabulations between semantic and episodic memories in AD. Episodic confabulation is affected by delusion related to frontal dysfunction, and semantic confabulation is associated with cognitive dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Osaki-Tajiri SKIP Center, Osaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Eunjoo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinomura
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meguro
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akanuma
authors.forename: Mitsue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meguro
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003702:Delusions / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012094:Repression, Psychology; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon