title: Selection of polymorphic peptides from GRA6 and GRA7 sequences of Toxoplasma gondii strains to be used in serotyping.
abstract: The evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii isolates obtained from geographical environments other than Europe and North America revealed the existence of atypical strains that are not included in the three archetypal clonal lineages (lineages I, II, and III). GRA6 and GRA7 are polymorphic genes that have been used for the genotyping of Toxoplasma. The coding regions of GRA6 and GRA7 from 49 nonarchetypal strains were sequenced and compared with the sequences of type I, II, and III reference strains. Eighteen and 10 different amino acid sequences were found for GRA6 and GRA7, respectively. The polymorphisms found between the different sequences were analyzed, with the objective of defining peptides to be used for the serotyping of Toxoplasma infections. Two peptides specific for clonal lineages I and III (peptides GRA7I and GRA7III, respectively) were selected from the GRA7 locus. Three peptides specific for some atypical strains (peptides Am6, Af6, and Am7) were selected from both the GRA6 and the GRA7 loci. Serum samples from humans infected with Toxoplasma strains of known genotypes were serotyped with the selected peptides. Peptide GRA7III seems to be a good candidate for the serotyping of infections caused by type III strains. Peptide GRA7I had a very low sensitivity. Peptides Am6 and Af6 had low specificities, since they reacted with serum samples from patients infected with strains belonging to the three archetypal lineages. Although peptide Am7 was specific, it had low sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Center for Parasite Immunology and Biology, INSA, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ajzenberg
authors.forename: Maggy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marle
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aubert
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Villena
authors.forename: José Correia
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dardé
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012703:Serotyping / Q000379:methods*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; C095047:GRA6 protein, Toxoplasma gondii; C112573:GRA7 protein, Toxoplasma gondii; D015800:Protozoan Proteins