title: Depth-kymography of vocal fold vibrations: part II. Simulations and direct comparisons with 3D profile measurements.
abstract: We report novel direct quantitative comparisons between 3D profiling measurements and simulations of human vocal fold vibrations. Until now, in human vocal folds research, only imaging in a horizontal plane was possible. However, for the investigation of several diseases, depth information is needed, especially when the two folds act differently, e.g. in the case of tumour growth. Recently, with our novel depth-kymographic laryngoscope, we obtained calibrated data about the horizontal and vertical positions of the visible surface of the vibrating vocal folds. In order to find relations with physical parameters such as elasticity and damping constants, we numerically simulated the horizontal and vertical positions and movements of the human vocal folds while vibrating and investigated the effect of varying several parameters on the characteristics of the phonation: the masses and their dimensions, the respective forces and pressures, and the details of the vocal tract compartments. Direct one-to-one comparison with measured 3D positions presents-for the first time-a direct means of validation of these calculations. This may start a new field in vocal folds research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering BMSA, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen UMCG, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. ffm@demul.net
authors.forename: Frits F M
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: de Mul
authors.forename: Nibu A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Qingjun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rakhorst
authors.forename: Harm K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Schutte
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007734:Kymography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D014732:Vibration; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology*