title: Evaluation of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration for the treatment of cardiogenic shock in conjunction with acute renal failure after cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiogenic dysfunction with acute renal failure (ARF) and diuretic drug resistance increases mortality after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in adults. Until few years ago, intermittent renal replacement therapy (IRRT) was the only therapeutical strategy proposed to such patients. Few data are available in the literature regarding the use of continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) in this clinical context. The aim of our observational study was to evaluate the impact of CVVH strategy on ARF in conjunction with cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery and on its well-known associated poor outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the period 2005-2006, we prospectively collected data from our database as we controlled the renal replacement therapy using CVVH (n=73). We also retrospectively collected data from our computerised database on patients who were treated with IRRT (n=68, period 2002-2003). Among CVVH-treated patients, a multivariate analysis of the data aimed to identify risk factors associated with 30-day mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients who presented with ARF in conjunction with cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery, 30-day mortality rate was 59% for the IRRT group and 42% for the CVVH group. Within the CVVH group, the logistic regression and multivariate analyses reported that some variables were associated with higher mortality risk: a score F concerning the urinary output criteria of the RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage kidney disease) classification (for scores R or I: odds ratio (OR): 0.01, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.02-0.59; p=0.01), plasma bilirubin (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.12-1.84; p=0.04), total CVVH duration <50h over 72 h (>50h; OR: 0.009, 95% CI: 0.04-0.93; p=0.01), the need of catecholamine support (OR: 12.88, 95% CI: 1.95-84.96; p=0.01), tachycardia in the intensive care unit (ICU; OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.02-2.65; p=0.04), surgery duration (<300 min; OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02-0.71; p=0.02) and combined cardiac surgery (OR: 7.00, 95% CI: 1.29-37.88; p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with ARF in conjunction with cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery, renal replacement therapeutic strategy based on long-lasting CVVH could improve patients' outcome. The identification of risk factors associated with a poor outcome would help to better manage such patients in the ICU. Low total duration of CVVH within the first 72 h was one criteria related to poor outcome. This suggests that CVVH must be initiated as soon as possible when ARF with diuretic resistance occurs in patients after cardiac surgery and continued as long as possible for the first 3 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care II, Professor Gérard Janvier, Cardiologic Hospital of Haut-Lévêque, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richebé
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barandon
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calderon
authors.forename: Nadir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tafer
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pouquet
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fournet
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janvier
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*