title: Manic fringe is not required for embryonic development, and fringe family members do not exhibit redundant functions in the axial skeleton, limb, or hindbrain.
abstract: Tight regulation of Notch pathway signaling is important in many aspects of embryonic development. Notch signaling can be modulated by expression of fringe genes, encoding glycosyltransferases that modify EGF repeats in the Notch receptor. Although Lunatic fringe (Lfng) has been shown to play important roles in vertebrate segmentation, comparatively little is known regarding the developmental functions of the other vertebrate fringe genes, Radical fringe (Rfng) and Manic fringe (Mfng). Here we report that Mfng expression is not required for embryonic development. Further, we find that despite significant overlap in expression patterns, we detect no obvious synergistic defects in mice in the absence of two, or all three, fringe genes during development of the axial skeleton, limbs, hindbrain, and cranial nerves.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Emily T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Shifley
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Levorse
authors.forename: Shyamala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mani
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ostmann
authors.forename: Ariadna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez-Balaguer
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000196:embryology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics*; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology*; D005298:Fertility / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005328:Fetal Viability / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012249:Rhombencephalon / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C486343:Mfng protein, mouse