title: Electrophysiologically guided versus non-electrophysiologically guided selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy: a comparison of outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The perceived need for electrophysiological guidance (EPG) during selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) has limited the frequency with which SDR is performed. The need for EPG during SDR has been questioned. At our institution, of >200 children with SDR for spastic cerebral palsy, 22 children underwent SDR without EPG using clinical guidance (no EPG group). Electrophysiological stimulation was used to distinguish dorsal from ventral roots. The remainder had SDR with EPG. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between the groups having SDR with and without EPG.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 22 patients in the no EPG group were matched with 22 controls in whom EPG was used, with respect to Gross Motor Function Classification System score (GMFCS) and age. The 12-month outcomes with respect to motor function score, hip adductor spasticity (Ashworth), hip abduction range of motion (ROM), quadriceps power [Medical Research Council (MRC)], WeeFIM, Quality of Upper Extremities Skills Test (QUEST), and incidence of complications were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences preoperatively with respect to GMFCS, age, gross motor function, Ashworth or MRC scores, joint ROM, WeeFIM, or QUEST. At 1 year after SDR, there were no differences between the groups in the incidence of complications or outcome measures. Percentage of dorsal roots cut was similar, but the duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the no EPG group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no advantage of doing SDR with EPG compared to no EPG. SDR can reasonably be done in centers where EPG is not available, but electrophysiological stimulation to distinguish dorsal from ventral roots may be useful in avoiding complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and British Columbia's Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak St, #K3-159, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada. psteinbok@cw.bc.ca
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steinbok
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tidemann
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mortenson
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bowen-Roberts
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000601:surgery*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D009043:Motor Activity; D019051:Rhizotomy / Q000379:methods*; D012447:Sacrum; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome