title: Intestinal edema: effect of enteral feeding on motility and gene expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Edema formation, inflammation, and ileus in the intestine are commonly seen in conditions like gastroschisis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cirrhosis. We hypothesized that early enteral feeding would improve intestinal transit. We also wanted to study the impact of early enteral feeding on global gene expression in the intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into Sham or Edema +/- immediate enteral nutrition (IEN). At 12 h, small intestinal transit via FITC-Dextran and tissue water were measured. Ileum was harvested for total RNA to analyze gene expression using cDNA microarray with validation using real-time PCR. Data are expressed as mean +/- SEM, n = 4-6 and (*), (**) = P < 0.05 versus all groups using ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IEN markedly improved intestinal transit with minimal genetic alterations in Edema animals. Major alterations in gene expression were detected in primary, cellular and macromolecular metabolic activities. Edema also altered more genes involved with the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intestinal edema results in impaired small intestinal transit and globally increased gene expression. Early enteral nutrition improves edema-induced impaired transit and minimizes gene transcriptional activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Stacey D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Moore-Olufemi
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Padalecki
authors.forename: Shodimu E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Olufemi
authors.forename: Hasen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Dwight H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Ravi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: Steve J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Fred A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Glen A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D003911:Dextrans; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D003911:Dextrans; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate