title: A retrospective analysis of renal carcinoma in the horse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal carcinoma is a rare tumor of horses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Presenting complaints and clinical signs of this disease are vague and early diagnosis increases survival time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from the medical records of 4 horses presented to Washington State University as well as the 23 previously published case reports of horses with renal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal carcinoma affects horses of all ages with most cases observed in geldings and Thoroughbreds. The most common presenting complaints are nonspecific and usually do not occur until late in the course of the disease. Routine laboratory results generally are unremarkable with no evidence of renal dysfunction. Urine and peritoneal fluid analyses are consistently abnormal, but the changes usually are nonspecific. Rectal palpation often allows detection of an abnormal kidney or a mass in the area of the kidney. Renal ultrasound examination is the most rewarding imaging procedure, and when combined with renal biopsy, antemortem diagnosis can be achieved. Renal carcinoma is both locally invasive and metastatic, necessitating careful staging for metastasis using thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasound examination. If the tumor is localized to 1 kidney, nephrectomy is the treatment of choice. No chemotherapy or radiation treatment for renal carcinoma has been reported in the horse. Median survival for this series of cases was 11 days (0 days-1 year).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prognosis is poor to grave.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. nwise@vetmed.wsu.edu
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sellon
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Seino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006736:Horses; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies