title: Association of cardiovascular events with glycosylated haemoglobin in diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In persons with diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia (assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin level) is related to the development of microvascular disease; however, the relation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to macrovascular disease is less clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the association of cardiovascular events (CVE) with glycosylated haemoglobin in diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty diabetic patients with recent cardiovascular events: myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke was included in the study. There were 25 patients of myocardial infarction and 25 patients of stroke. Fifty diabetic patients without cardiovascular events were taken as control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol at baseline, level of HbA1c was statistically significant (p = 0.017) among patients with CVE. For MI, level of HbA1c was statistically significant (p = 0.018) while for stroke, level of HbA1c was not significant (p = 0.694). Mean blood glucose also predicted CVE and MI but not stroke in this study (p values = 0.006, 0.006 and 0.670 respectively). Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose was statistically significant in CVE (p values = 0.024 and 0.019 respectively). Urine protein was statistically significant for CVE, MI and stroke (p values = 0.000, 0.032, 0.032 and OR 4.571 (95% CI: 1.963-10.646), 2.667 (95% CI: 1.043-6.815), 2.667 (95% CI: 1.043-6.815) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sample size was limited due to time constraint and limited resources. Cases with peripheral artery disease were not included in the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glycosylated haemoglobin is associated with cardiovascular events and myocardial infarction but not stroke.
authors.affiliation: Army Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Deo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karki
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Acharya
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin