title: The importance of surgical education in the accuracy of implant placement during hip fracture fixation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have found that tip apex distance (TAD) is the strongest independent predictor of lag screw cut-out following hip fracture fixation. The objective of this study was to understand the importance of introducing the concept of TAD to surgeons. The null hypothesis was that there were no differences between fractures fixed before awareness of TAD compared with fractures fixed after awareness of TAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved assessing 75 consecutive radiographs retrospectively (before introduction of "tip apex distance" to surgeons) and 83 consecutive radiographs prospectively (after introduction of "tip apex distance" to surgeons). Radiographs were measured using a radiograph digitizer and software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average TAD in radiographs measured retrospectively was 22.6 mm compared with 9.7 mm in radiographs analysed prospectively (P </= 0.001). The power of this study was 97%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that introducing the concept of "TAD" to surgeons, will improve the accuracy of lag screw placement during fixation of an extracapsular fracture. The improvements in lag screw placement will undoubted reduce cut-out of the implant post-surgery.
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester, South Manchester University Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK, Vp0909@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.forename: A J Shyam
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kumar