title: Impact of ligating gonadal or adrenal collateral veins with the left renal vein on renal function and histology in right-nephrectomized rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In cases of trauma to the left renal vein (LRV), its ligation near the inferior vena cava (IVC) is considered, but the consequences are not always good. We investigated the role of collateral venous drainage after ligation of the LRV by studying the renal function and histology after ligation of the LRV near the IVC alone or with ligation of the gonadal or adrenal collaterals, in right-nephrectomized (RN) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ligation of the LRV near the IVC alone (group 1) or with ligation of the adrenal (group 2) or gonadal (group 3) collaterals was studied in RN Wistar rats (n=18 per group). The renal histopathology (ischemic cortical necrosis) and functional status (urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In RN rats, the results were better when ligating the LRV near the IVC alone or with the adrenal collaterals [mortality 4/18 (22.2%) and 3/18 (16.7%), respectively] than when ligating the LRV near the IVC plus the gonadal collaterals [mortality 15/18 (83.3%)] (p<0.0001). All early deaths occurred within three days and resulted from serious histopathological (ischemic cortical necrosis) and functional (increased urea, creatinine, and potassium; decreased sodium) renal damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In right-nephrectomized rats, the LRV near the IVC and the adrenal collateral can be ligated, while the gonadal collateral should be preserved.
authors.affiliation: Sakarya University, Sakarya Medical School, Department of Surgery, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yucel
authors.forename: Feza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ekiz
authors.forename: Sibel Ozkan
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Gurdal
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.forename: Dogan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gonullu
authors.forename: Ferda Nihat
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Koksoy
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sit
authors.forename: Aysenur Akyildiz
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Igdem
authors.forename: Elife
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sahan
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000098:blood supply; D000818:Animals; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006066:Gonads / Q000098:blood supply; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000401:mortality; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*