Nanostructure and nanomechanics analysis of lymphocyte using AFM: from resting, activated to apoptosis.
The ultrastructural and mechanical properties of single resting, activated and apoptosis lymphocyte have been investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Using topographic imaging, we showed that the surface of the resting lymphocyte is smooth, while lymphocyte activation and apoptosis are often accompanied by changes in cell morphology. The apoptosis lymphocyte is rougher than those of the two other morphotypes, and coated with many big particles. Using spatially resolved force-distance curves, we found that the valve of the activated lymphocyte is about two to three times stiffer (Young's modulus of approximately 20 kPa) than those of the two other morphotypes (5-11 kPa). These results can improve our understanding of the mechanical properties of cells during growth and differentiation.
Hu
Mingqian
M
Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Wang
Jiongkun
J
Institution for Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Zhao
Hongxia
H
Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Dong
Shisong
S
Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Cai
Jiye
J
Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China. Electronic address: tjycai@jnu.edu.cn.
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D004548:Elasticity; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D049329:Nanostructures; D036103:Nanotechnology; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle