title: Is the relationship between beta-blocker-induced heart rate lowering and cardiovascular outcomes the result of confounding by indication?
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists