title: Surface analysis of commercially pure titanium implant retrieved from rat bone. Part 1: initial biological response of sandblasted surface.
abstract: To gain insight on the early biological response to commercial pure titanium (cpTi), the surface properties of cpTi implants retrieved from rat bone were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To this end, semi-cylindrical bullets, 1.1 mm in diameter and 3.5 mm in length, were implanted into the femurs of Wistar rats and then retrieved after either 3 hours or 7 days. Regardless of implantation interval, elements of Ti, O, C, and N were observed on the retrieved implants and that the thickness of the adsorbed film (mainly protein) was estimated to be about 2.5 nm. Small amounts of both Ca and P were also detected, whereby the Ca/P atomic ratios after 3 hours and 7 days were very small compared to that of hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the Ca and P distributions in the element maps. In conclusion, no calcium phosphate compounds were formed on the implant in vivo after 7 days.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomaterial Science, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 5274 Gakkoucho-dori 2, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan. watakou@dent.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okawa
authors.forename: Mitugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanatani
authors.forename: Kikuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Homma
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000032:analysis; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000032:analysis; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D011506:Proteins; D010758:Phosphorus; D002244:Carbon; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium