Management of nocturnal hypertension.
Nocturnal hypertension is a common complication of essential and secondary hypertension. Abnormal circadian blood pressure patterns associated with elevated sleep blood pressure include nondipping and reverse dipping, both of which are associated with increased target-organ damage and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Nocturnal hypertension can be treated with several approaches that include both lifestyle changes, such as sodium restriction and potassium supplementation, and pharmacological treatments, primarily through the use of bedtime dosing of antihypertensive agents. Evening administration of blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is the most consistently effective of these treatment strategies. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion of the options available for the management of nocturnal hypertension.
Vij
Rajiv
R
Division of Nephrology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA.
Peixoto
Aldo J
AJ
D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D011188:Potassium