title: Are general surgery residency programs likely to prepare future rural surgeons?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Too few surgeons practice in small rural areas of the United States. Many newly graduating surgeons choose not to practice rurally because they feel unprepared for rural practice. Family medicine residencies have a track record of placing graduates in rural settings. Their experience shows that having a stated interest in training rural physicians, a rural-focused curriculum, and rural practice exposure opportunities are successful elements for graduating physicians who practice rurally.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the extent to which general surgery residency training is likely to prepare future rural surgeons using criteria cited in reviews of rural family medicine residency programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three criteria were used to assess whether general surgery residency programs are positioned to produce rural surgeons: rural location, rural-focused curriculum, and self-identified interest in rural training. Several search strategies were employed to identify residency programs that meet the criteria. Additionally, data extracted from the American Medical Association's Physician Masterfile was used to determine demographic characteristics of residency programs that have trained surgeons who currently practice rurally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 25 general surgery residency programs meet at least 1 of the 3 criteria. This finding represents approximately 10% of all residency programs in the United States. Residency programs located in the Midwest and the South have generally been more successful in graduating surgeons who are practicing rurally than those situated in the Northeast and West.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a few general surgery residency programs have been successful in graduating surgeons who practice rurally, there has not been a coordinated effort among programs to accomplish this goal. Our findings suggest a need for organization and coordination among those programs committed to training surgeons for rural practice. The creation of a consortium of general surgical residency programs with an interest in training rural surgeons could be a useful first step in this process.
authors.affiliation: Mithoefer Center for Rural Surgery, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, New York 13326, USA. brit.doty@bassett.org
authors.forename: Brit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Doty
authors.forename: Randall
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Borgstrom
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019035:Rural Health Services; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce