title: Analysis of gene expression profiles of microdissected cell populations indicates that testicular carcinoma in situ is an arrested gonocyte.
abstract: Testicular germ cell cancers in young adult men derive from a precursor lesion called carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the testis. CIS cells were suggested to arise from primordial germ cells or gonocytes. However, direct studies on purified samples of CIS cells are lacking. To overcome this problem, we performed laser microdissection of CIS cells. Highly enriched cell populations were obtained and subjected to gene expression analysis. The expression profile of CIS cells was compared with microdissected gonocytes, oogonia, and cultured embryonic stem cells with and without genomic aberrations. Three samples of each tissue type were used for the analyses. Unique expression patterns for these developmentally very related cell types revealed that CIS cells were very similar to gonocytes because only five genes distinguished these two cell types. We did not find indications that CIS was derived from a meiotic cell, and the similarity to embryonic stem cells was modest compared with gonocytes. Thus, we provide new evidence that the molecular phenotype of CIS cells is similar to that of gonocytes. Our data are in line with the idea that CIS cells may be gonocytes that survived in the postnatal testis. We speculate that disturbed development of somatic cells in the fetal testis may play a role in allowing undifferentiated cells to survive in the postnatal testes. The further development of CIS into invasive germ cell tumors may depend on signals from their postpubertal niche of somatic cells, including hormones and growth factors from Leydig and Sertoli cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. si@bsonne.dk
authors.forename: Si Brask
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sonne
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Almstrup
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dalgaard
authors.forename: Agnieszka Sierakowska
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Juncker
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edsgard
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruban
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwager
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brunak
authors.forename: Lise Mette
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gjerdrum
authors.forename: Harry D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Niels E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Skakkebaek
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rajpert-De Meyts
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leffers
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007120:Immunochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers