title: Preparation and characterization of spironolactone nanoparticles by antisolvent precipitation.
abstract: Due to low aqueous solubility and slow dissolution rate, spironolactone, a synthetic steroid diuretic, has a low and variable oral bioavailability. Nanoparticles were thus prepared by antisolvent precipitation in this work for accelerating dissolution of this kind of poorly water-soluble drugs. Effects of surfactant type/concentration and feed drug concentration on the precipitated particle size were evaluated. It was found that introduction of spironolactone solution in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to the antisolvent water can produce the particles in the submicron range with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as the stabilizer. The particle size decreased with the increase of HPMC concentration from 0 to 0.125% (w/v), further increase of which did not affect the size significantly. Increasing feed drug concentration from 10 to 100 mg/ml resulted in the particle size decrease. In comparison with raw drug, the chemical structure of nanosized spironolactone was not changed but the crystallinity was reduced. Dissolution of spironolactone nanoparticles in 0.1M HCl was 2.59 times faster than raw drugs in 60 min.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore. dong_yuancai@ices.a-star.edu.sg
authors.forename: Yuancai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Wai Kiong
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Shoucang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Sanggu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Reginald B H
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D003460:Crystallization; D004232:Diuretics / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010316:Particle Size; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D005079:Excipients; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013148:Spironolactone; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose; C038678:N-methylpyrrolidone