title: Severe obesity is associated with novel single nucleotide polymorphisms of the ESR1 and PPARgamma locus in Han Chinese.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A large number of potential obesity loci have been reported. At least 18 genes have been replicated in a minimum of 5 studies on obesity-related phenotypes. Fourteen additional genes have been associated with obesity in Asians.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objectives were to examine how many common variants of these candidate genes are associated with severe obesity in Han Chinese and how they are combined to exert their effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 304 severely obese patients [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) > or =39] and 304 control subjects (BMI < or = 24) participated in a 2-staged association study. Subsequently, 220 additional severely obese patients (BMI > or = 35) and 338 controls (BMI < or = 24) were recruited to replicate the results. All of the controls were age-, sex-, education- and residence-matched. Finally, a pooled analysis was carried out based on all 514 cases and 606 controls with complete information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first-stage association analysis in 94 cases and 94 controls found 18 potentially associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (P = 0.01-0.1). The significance of 3 novel common SNPs, 1 on ESR1 and 2 on PPARgamma, were confirmed in the second stage and replicated further with odds ratios ranging from 1.89 to 2.24. The combined effect of these 3 genes was stronger (odds ratio: 5.27; 95% CI: 2.25, 12.32) than that from any individual gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe obesity in Han Chinese was associated with 3 novel common SNPs for ESR1 and PPARgamma. These 2 genes collectively result in a >5-fold risk of severe obesity. This information may contribute to the assessment of risk of severe obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hsin-Hung
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei-Jei
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cathy S J
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fann
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: Wen-Harn
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma