title: A novel model to measure the regenerative potential of the peripheral nervous system after experimental immunological demyelination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunological demyelination is a proposed strategy to improve nerve regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. To investigate the remyelinating potential of Schwann cells in vivo in the peripheral nervous system, the authors have reproduced and expanded upon a novel model of immunological demyelination in the adult rat sciatic nerve. The authors demonstrate (1) the peripheral nervous system's quantitative, regenerative response to immunological demyelination and (2) whether Schwann cells within a region of demyelination are induced to divide in the presence of demyelinated axons.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sciatic nerves of female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed and injected with demyelinating agent bilaterally. At 3 days (n = 3), 7 days (n = 3), and 14 days (n = 3), the animals were euthanized for histological evaluation. A second group of animals (n = 3) was similarly injected with demyelinating agent and then exposed to bromodeoxyuridine between 48 and 72 hours after the onset of demyelination. These animals were euthanized soon after the last injection of bromodeoxyuridine. The tissue was analyzed for Schwann cells (labeled with antibodies to S100) and bromodeoxyuridine assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single epineural injection of complement proteins plus antibodies to galactocerebroside resulted in demyelination followed by Schwann cell remyelination. At 3 days after injection, peripheral nerve demyelination and Schwann cell proliferation were evident. Maximum demyelination was seen at 7 days; however, Schwann cell proliferation and remyelination peaked at 14 days after injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies demonstrate an immunological model of demyelination and remyelination in the peripheral nervous system and quantitatively measure regenerative potential. This model will be used to isolate nerve segments and to measure their regenerative potential when given demyelinating agent after acute contusion and transection injuries.
authors.affiliation: Irvine and Orange, Calif. From the Reeve-Irvine Research Center and the Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Institute, University of California, Irvine.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kosins
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shepard
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Gregory R D
authors.initials: GRD
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Hans S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Keirstead
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002465:Cell Movement; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000502:physiology*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D009418:S100 Proteins; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine