title: Reduction in levels of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor-A and improvement in hydrocele patients by targeting endosymbiotic Wolbachia sp. in Wuchereria bancrofti with doxycycline.
abstract: The treatment for hydrocele is expensive, invasive surgery-hydrocelectomy. A drug that could prevent or improve this condition could replace or supplement hydrocelectomy. In Ghana, 42 hydrocele patients participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a six-week regimen of doxycycline, 200 mg/day. Four months after doxycycline treatment, patients received 150 mug/kg of ivermectin and 400 mg of albendazole, which is used for mass chemotherapy in this area. Patients were monitored for levels of Wolbachia sp., microfilaremia, antigenemia, plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and stage/size of the hydrocele. Wolbachia sp. loads/microfilaria, microfilaremia, and antigenemia were significantly reduced in the doxycycline-treated patients compared with the placebo group. The mean plasma levels of VEGF-A were decreased significantly in the doxycycline-treated patients who had active infection. This finding preceded the reduction of the stage of hydrocele. A six-week regimen of doxycycline treatment against filariasis showed amelioration of pathologic conditions of hydrocele patients with active infection.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Debrah
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mand
authors.forename: Yeboah
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Marfo-Debrekyei
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Batsa
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pfarr
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Ohene
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adjei
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoerauf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015766:Albendazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005368:Filariasis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D005369:Filaricides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006848:Testicular Hydrocele / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*; D020577:Wolbachia / Q000187:drug effects*; D014958:Wuchereria bancrofti / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005369:Filaricides; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D007559:Ivermectin; D015766:Albendazole; D004318:Doxycycline