title: Implantation of fiducial markers for image guidance in prostate radiotherapy: patient-reported toxicity.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient-reported morbidity of implanted fiducial markers used for image guidance in prostate radiotherapy. Three fiducial markers were implanted under transrectal ultrasound guidance to 177 patients who were referred to our department for definitive radiotherapy between June 2005 and January 2008. No local anaesthesia was administered. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire about the possible side effects of this invasive procedure. 135 patients completed the questionnaire at a median of 57 weeks after the procedure. Pain during the procedure was assessed with the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Patients were also asked to compare the pain with the diagnostic biopsy. Although haematuria, rectal bleeding and fever were reported by 15%, 4% and 2% of the 135 patients, respectively, no major toxicity necessitating any intervention was observed. The mean pain score reported by the patients was 1.7 (range, 0-5). 87% of patients reported less (or comparable) pain than the diagnostic biopsy. In conclusion, implantation of fiducial markers for image guidance in prostate radiotherapy is a safe and well-tolerated procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Florence Nightingale Gayrettepe Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. sigdem@superonline.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Igdem
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akpinar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alço
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agaçayak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turkan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okkan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D006046:Gold; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006046:Gold