title: Predictors of microscopic portal vein invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma: measurement of portal perfusion defect area ratio.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microscopic portal vein invasion (PVI) by cancer cells is a poor prognostic factor after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study is to predict PVI preoperatively in patients with HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 46 hepatectomized patients who had HCC without any portal venous invasion detected during preoperative radiographic evaluation. We defined the portal perfusion defect area ratio (PPDAR) as the following: the quotient of the maximal portal perfusion defect area, on computed tomography during arterio-portography (CTAP) is divided by the maximal tumor area on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median PPDAR was 1.3 (mean 1.4 +/- 1.1; ranged from 0.7 to 5.8). The incidence of PVI was 4.5% in patients with a PPDAR <1.3, 35.7% in those with a PPDAR of 1.3-1.6, 70% in those with a PPDAR > or = 1.6 (P = 0.0005). When analyzing the preoperative value of different cut-off points for the PPDAR, the lowest P-value by Fisher's exact test was achieved when the PPDAR threshold was 1.6 (P = 0.0012). The sensitivity was 58%, and specificity was 91% with this cut-off value. On univariate analyses, factors that significantly correlated with PVI were PPDAR (P = 0.0012), serum levels of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (P = 0.033), and tumor size (P = 0.0126). On multivariate analysis, PPDAR was the only significant independent predictor of PVI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that PPDAR is a new concept, which is useful in predicting PVI and that a value > or = 1.6 is predictive of PVI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatogastroenterological Surgery, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka City, Honshu, Japan. kshirabeh1@aih-net.com
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirabe
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajiyama
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuya
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akazawa
authors.forename: Kazutoyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maehara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D055420:Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011172:Portography; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome