title: Association of impaired respiratory function with urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the relationship between urinary incontinence and respiratory function in middle-aged and older Japanese men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred community-dwelling men aged 40 years or above were recruited from community centres and hospital outpatient clinics. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form was administered to ascertain their urinary incontinence status. Standardized spirometric measurements of respiratory function were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 7.6% among the 668 eligible participants (mean age 62.7 years). The 51 men who leaked urine had significantly lower FEV1 and FVC than those who were continent (P < 0.01). The adjusted risks of urinary incontinence were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.43-1.04) and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.40-0.98) for the two continuous respiratory function variables (L), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate an inverse association between urinary incontinence and respiratory function and an additional health burden in lung diseases.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Andy H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Colin W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Binns
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013147:Spirometry; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology