title: Cleft lip and palate: association with other congenital malformations.
abstract: Orofacial clefts are frequently associated with other congenital malformations. Studies vary in incidence and types of anomalies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate associated malformations in orofacial cleft patients at a major research hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 1127 patients, in the Cleft Palate/Craniofacial Clinic, Boys Town National Research Hospital, from January 1980 through February 2000 were reviewed. Patients were divided into two categories: 1) cleft palate only (CP), and 2) cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (CL +/- P). Further categorization included location and type, if any, of other congenital malformations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  47.2% of patients had CP and 52.8% had CL +/- P. 32.2% of all cleft patients had associated congenital malformations. The orofacial region was the most common site, followed by cardiovascular central nervous, and skeletal systems. Congenital malformations were more common in CP (38.7%), than CL +/- P (26.4%). Of malformations diagnosed, 63.1% were chromosomal/syndromic anomalies while 36.9% were non-chromosomal/syndromic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognition of the spectrum of congenital malformations, associated with orofacial clefting, is essential for further diagnostic testing and in some cases genetic counseling.
authors.affiliation: Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Clinic, Division of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. beira001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beriaghi
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Shanti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaimal
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: G Bradley
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D025063:Chromosome Disorders / Q000150:complications; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000150:complications; D006053:Goldenhar Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome