title: Prognostic indicators of poor short-term outcome of physiotherapy intervention in women with stress urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify prognostic indicators independently associated with poor outcome of physiotherapy intervention in women with primary or recurrent stress urinary incontinence (stress UI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study was performed in physiotherapy practices in primary care to identify prognostic indicators 12 weeks after initiation of physiotherapy intervention. Patients were referred by general practitioners or urogynecologists. Risk factors for stress UI were examined as potential prognostic indicators of poor outcome. The primary outcomes were defined as poor outcome on the binary Leakage Severity scale (LS scale) and the binary global perceived effectiveness (GPE) score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred sixty-seven women, with a mean age of 47.7 (SD = 8.3), with stress UI for at least 6 months were included. At 12 weeks, 43% and 59% of the women were considered recovered on the binary LS scale and the binary GPE score, respectively. Prognostic indicators associated with poor outcome included 11 indicators based on the binary LS scale and 8 based on the binary GPE score. The prognostic indicators shared by both models show that poor recovery was associated with women with severe stress UI, POP-Q stage > II, poor outcome of physiotherapy intervention for a previous UI episode, prolonged second stage of labor, BMI > 30, high psychological distress, and poor physical health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides robust evidence of clinically meaningful prognostic indicators of poor short-term outcome. These findings need to be confirmed by replication studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. erik.hendriks@epid.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Erik J M
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.forename: Alfons G H
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kessels
authors.forename: Henrica C W
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: de Vet
authors.forename: Arnold T M
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Bernards
authors.forename: Rob A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Bie
mesh_terms: D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000628:therapy*