title: Development and validation of the University of Washington Clinical Assessment of Music Perception test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of cochlear implant outcomes centers around speech discrimination. Despite dramatic improvements in speech perception, music perception remains a challenge for most cochlear implant users. No standardized test exists to quantify music perception in a clinically practical manner. This study presents the University of Washington Clinical Assessment of Music Perception (CAMP) test as a reliable and valid music perception test for English-speaking, adult cochlear implant users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two cochlear implant subjects were recruited from the University of Washington Medical Center cochlear implant program and referred by two implant manufacturers. Ten normal-hearing volunteers were drawn from the University of Washington Medical Center and associated campuses. A computer-driven, self-administered test was developed to examine three specific aspects of music perception: pitch direction discrimination, melody recognition, and timbre recognition. The pitch subtest used an adaptive procedure to determine just-noticeable differences for complex tone pitch direction discrimination within the range of 1 to 12 semitones. The melody and timbre subtests assessed recognition of 12 commonly known melodies played with complex tones in an isochronous manner and eight musical instruments playing an identical five-note sequence, respectively. Testing was repeated for cochlear implant subjects to evaluate test-retest reliability. Normal-hearing volunteers were also tested to demonstrate differences in performance in the two populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For cochlear implant subjects, pitch direction discrimination just-noticeable differences ranged from 1 to 8.0 semitones (Mean = 3.0, SD = 2.3). Melody and timbre recognition ranged from 0 to 94.4% correct (mean = 25.1, SD = 22.2) and 20.8 to 87.5% (mean = 45.3, SD = 16.2), respectively. Each subtest significantly correlated at least moderately with both Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) word recognition scores and spondee recognition thresholds in steady state noise and two-talker babble. Intraclass coefficients demonstrating test-retest correlations for pitch, melody, and timbre were 0.85, 0.92, and 0.69, respectively. Normal-hearing volunteers had a mean pitch direction discrimination threshold of 1.0 semitone, the smallest interval tested, and mean melody and timbre recognition scores of 87.5 and 94.2%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CAMP test discriminates a wide range of music perceptual ability in cochlear implant users. Moderate correlations were seen between music test results and both Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant word recognition scores and spondee recognition thresholds in background noise. Test-retest reliability was moderate to strong. The CAMP test provides a reliable and valid metric for a clinically practical, standardized evaluation of music perception in adult cochlear implant users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7923, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Grace Liu
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Nimmons
authors.forename: Ward
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drennan
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Longnion
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruffin
authors.forename: Kaibao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Worman
authors.forename: Bevan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yueh
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D010898:Pitch Perception; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013067:Speech Perception