title: CD147 silencing inhibits lactate transport and reduces malignant potential of pancreatic cancer cells in in vivo and in vitro models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CD147 (basigin, EMMPRIN) is a multifunctional, highly conserved glycoprotein enriched in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) which is associated with poor prognosis in many malignancies. The role of CD147 in pancreatic cancer, however, remains elusive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Silencing of CD147 by RNA interference (RNAi) reduced the proliferation rate of MiaPaCa2 and Panc1 cells. CD147 is required for the function and expression of the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 that are expressed in human PDAC cells as demonstrated by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) as well as immunohistology. MCT1 and MCT4 are the natural transporters of lactate, and MiaPaCa2 cells exhibited a high rate of lactate production, which is characteristic for the Warburg effect, an early hallmark of cancer that confers a significant growth advantage. Further induction of lactate production by sodium azide in MiaPaCa2 cells increased MCT1 as well as MCT4 expression. CD147 silencing inhibited the expression and function of MCT1 and MCT4 and resulted in an increased intracellular lactate concentration. Addition of exogenous lactate inhibited cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent fashion. In vivo, knock-down of CD147 in MiaPaCa2 cells by inducible short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated CD147 silencing reduced invasiveness through the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos (CAM assay) and inhibited tumourigenicity in a xenograft model in nude mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The function of CD147 as an ancillary protein that is required to sustain the expression and function of MCT1 and MCT4 is involved in the association of CD147 expression with the malignant potential of pancreatic cancer cells exhibiting the Warburg effect.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. wilhelm.schneiderhan@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schneiderhan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheler
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Holzmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gschwend
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bucholz
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Gress
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seufferlein
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oswald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051926:Basigin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D027981:Symporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000099233:Monocarboxylate Transport Protein 1
chemical_list: D051926:Basigin; D005947:Glucose; D019344:Lactic Acid; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D027981:Symporters; D000099233:Monocarboxylate Transport Protein 1; C497887:Bsg protein, mouse; C498648:Slc16a4 protein, mouse