title: A single-blind placebo run-in study of venlafaxine XR for activity-limiting osteoarthritis pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoarthritis pain is a significant problem for our aging population. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids are effective treatments, but have significant adverse effects, so there is a need for alternative treatments. Selective norepinephrine-serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants may provide a new treatment option for osteoarthritis pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a single-blind placebo run-in trial of 150-225 mg of venlafaxine in 18 subjects with activity-limiting osteoarthritis pain. Each subject received 2 weeks of placebo followed by 10 weeks of venlafaxine. The primary outcome was reduction in average pain intensity between 2 and 12 weeks. For subjects not completing the trial, their last observation was carried forward as an imputed outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average pain on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was 4.7 at baseline, 4.4 after the 2-week placebo run-in, and 3.3 at 12 weeks (25% decrease, P = 0.03). Nine subjects (50%) reported at least 30% pain reduction between weeks 2 and 12. The Western Ontario and McMasters University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score at baseline was 2.0, 1.8 after 2 weeks, and 1.7 after 12 weeks. This represented a 6% decrease in pain between weeks 2 and 12 (P = 0.42), with two subjects (11%) reported at least 30% pain relief between weeks 2 and 12 on the WOMAC. Effects on self-reported physical and role function and depression were marginal or non-significant, and observed physical function did not improve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Venlafaxine significantly reduced pain intensity on the BPI and marginally improved self-reported function. Venlafaxine should be investigated further in a larger randomized trial for the treatment of osteoarthritis pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6560, USA. sullimar@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: Ming-Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride