title: Frequency and motives of blood glucose self-monitoring in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recommendations for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) from the DCCT have not been implemented with the same rigour as recommendations for intensifying insulin therapy. We assessed the frequency of and motives for SMBG and compared SMBG behaviour with clinical, behavioural and demographic characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional Danish-British multicentre survey of 1076 consecutive patients with type 1 diabetes, who completed a detailed questionnaire on SMBG and related issues. The key variables were test frequency and motive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SMBG was performed daily by 39% of the patients and less than weekly by 24%. Sixty-seven percent reported to perform routine testing, while the remaining 33% only tested when hypo- or hyperglycaemia was suspected. Age, gender, and level of diabetes-related concern were associated with test pattern. Reported frequencies of mild and severe hypoglycaemia and awareness of hypoglycaemia were independently associated with testing behaviour, whereas the presence of late diabetic complications was not. Lower HbA1c was associated with more frequent testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient compliance regarding SMBG is limited. Thus, almost two thirds of the patients do not perform daily SMBG and one third do not perform routine tests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Hillerød Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark. melis_vh@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pedersen-Bjergaard
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pramming
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thorsteinsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin