title: Diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolated nitric oxide donor ester prodrugs of 5-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-1-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole and its aminosulfonyl analog: Synthesis, biological evaluation and nitric oxide release studies.
abstract: A new class of hybrid nitric oxide-releasing anti-inflammatory (AI) ester prodrugs (NONO-coxibs) wherein an O(2)-acetoxymethyl-1-(N-ethyl-N-methylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (13a-b), or O(2)-acetoxymethyl-1-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (16a-b), NO-donor moiety was covalently coupled to the COOH group of 5-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-1-(4-methane(amino)sulfonylphenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole (11a-b) was synthesized. The percentage of NO released from these diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolates was significantly higher (59.6-74.6% of the theoretical maximal release of 2 molecules of NO/molecule of the parent hybrid ester prodrug) upon incubation in the presence of rat serum, relative to incubation with phosphate buffer (PBS) at pH 7.4 (5.0-7.2% range). These incubation studies suggest that both NO and the AI compound would be released from the parent NONO-coxib upon in vivo cleavage by non-specific serum esterases. All compounds were weak inhibitors of the COX-1 isozyme (IC(50)=8.1-65.2microM range) and modest inhibitors of the COX-2 isozyme (IC(50)=0.9-4.6microM range). The most potent parent aminosulfonyl compound 11b exhibited AI activity that was about sixfold greater than that for aspirin and threefold greater than that for ibuprofen. The ester prodrugs 13b, 16b exhibited similar AI activity to that exhibited by the more potent parent acid 11b when the same oral mumol/kg dose was administered. These studies indicate hybrid ester AI/NO donor prodrugs of this type (NONO-coxibs) constitute a plausible drug design concept targeted toward the development of selective COX-2 inhibitory AI drugs that are devoid of adverse cardiovascular effects.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2N8.
authors.forename: Khaled R A
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Abdellatif
authors.forename: Morshed Alam
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Dipankar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velázquez
authors.forename: Mavanur R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Knaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005528:Foot / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001391:Azo Compounds; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D011355:Prodrugs; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases