title: MRI evidence of reperfusion injury associated with neurological deficits after carotid revascularization procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some patients develop major neurological complications after carotid revascularization procedures, despite the lack of new infarcts or classical hyperperfusion syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In four patients who developed major neurological deficits after carotid revascularization procedures, but without evidence of new ischemic infarcts or hyperperfusion, we performed post-procedural MRI [diffusion-weighted image (DWI), perfusion-weighted image (PWI), pre-and post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image] immediately after and 1 day after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-gadolinium FLAIR images on 1 day after the procedures showed prominent leptomeningeal enhancements in the revascularized hemispheres. These radiological findings disappeared on follow-up FLAIR images accompanied by the clinical improvement over the following several days after the procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reperfusion syndrome may be associated with transient severe neurological deficits after carotid revascularization in patients without new ischemic events or classical hyperperfusion syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: A-H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: D-C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: D-W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology