title: Adolescents and MP3 players: too many risks, too few precautions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal was to assess risky and protective listening behaviors of adolescent users of MP3 players and the association of these behaviors with demographic characteristics and frequency of use.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2007, 1687 adolescents (12-19 years of age) in 68 classes in 15 Dutch secondary schools were invited to complete questionnaires about their music-listening behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  . Ninety percent of participants reported listening to music through earphones on MP3 players; 32.8% were frequent users, 48.0% used high volume settings, and only 6.8% always or nearly always used a noise-limiter. Frequent users were >4 times more likely to listen to high-volume music than were infrequent users, and adolescents in practical prevocational schools were more than twice as likely to listen to high-volume music as were those attending preuniversity education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When using MP3 players, adolescents are very likely to engage in risky listening behaviors and are unlikely to seek protection. Frequent MP3 player use is an indicator of other risky listening behaviors, such as listening at high volumes and failing to use noise-limiters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. i.vogel@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Ineke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verschuure
authors.forename: Catharina P B
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: van der Ploeg
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brug
authors.forename: Hein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004430:Ear Protective Devices; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D055539:MP3-Player / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D009426:Netherlands; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014600:Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult