title: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells reduce fibrosis of bleomycin-induced lung injury.
abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by loss of lung tissue as a result of inflammation and fibrosis. Augmenting tissue repair by the use of mesenchymal stem cells may be an important advance in treating this condition. We evaluated the role of term human umbilical cord cells derived from Wharton's jelly with a phenotype consistent with mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) in the treatment of a bleomycin-induced mouse model of lung injury. uMSCs were administered systemically, and lungs were harvested at 7, 14, and 28 days post-bleomycin. Injected uMSCs were located in the lung 2 weeks later only in areas of inflammation and fibrosis but not in healthy lung tissue. The administration of uMSCs reduced inflammation and inhibited the expression of transforming growth factor-beta, interferon-gamma, and the proinflammatory cytokines macrophage migratory inhibitory factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Collagen concentration in the lung was significantly reduced by uMSC treatment, which may have been a consequence of the simultaneous reduction in Smad2 phosphorylation (transforming growth factor-beta activity). uMSCs also increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels and reduced their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, favoring a pro-degradative milieu following collagen deposition. Notably, injected human lung fibroblasts did not influence either collagen or matrix metalloproteinase levels in the lung. The results of this study suggest that uMSCs have antifibrotic properties and may augment lung repair if used to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. yuben.moodley@med.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: Yuben
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moodley
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Atienza
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Manuelpillai
authors.forename: Chrishan S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tchongue
authors.forename: Sivakami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ilancheran
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trounson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000633:toxicity; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000633:toxicity; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005312:Fetal Blood; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D001761:Bleomycin; D003094:Collagen; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2