title: Helmet and shoulder pad removal in football players with unstable cervical spine injuries.
abstract: Football, one of the country's most popular team sports, is associated with the largest overall number of sports-related, catastrophic, cervical spine injuries in the United States (Mueller, 2007). Patient handling can be hindered by the protective sports equipment worn by the athlete. Improper stabilization of these patients can exacerbate neurologic injury. Because of the lack of consensus on the best method for equipment removal, a study was performed comparing three techniques: full body levitation, upper torso tilt, and log roll. These techniques were performed on an intact and lesioned cervical spine cadaveric model simulating conditions in the emergency department. The levitation technique was found to produce motion in the anterior and right lateral directions. The tilt technique resulted in motions in the posterior left lateral directions, and the log roll technique generated motions in the right lateral direction and had the largest amount of increased instability when comparing the intact and lesioned specimen. These findings suggest that each method of equipment removal displays unique weaknesses that the practitioner should take into account, possibly on a patient-by-patient basis.
authors.affiliation: Applied Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: Dheera
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ananthakrishnan
authors.forename: Gregg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nicandri
authors.forename: Jens R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Randal P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ching
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D055805:Moving and Lifting Patients / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011481:Protective Clothing; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000451:nursing* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019876:Sports Equipment