title: A case-control study on insulin resistance, metabolic co-variates & prediction score in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Asian Indians have a high prevalence of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Currently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be an integral part of the metabolic syndrome with insulin resistance as a central pathogenic factor. We studied anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance and metabolic co-variates in subjects with NAFLD as compared to those without NAFLD, and also developed a prediction score for NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty nine subjects with NAFLD and 82 controls were selected for the study after ultrasonography of 121 consecutive apparently healthy subjects. Anthropometric profile [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) etc,], lipid profile, hepatic aminotransferases, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin were recorded and value of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was analysed. Step-wise logistic regression analysis and area under the receiver operator curve (aROC) were analysed to arrive at a prediction score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, prevalence of NAFLD was 32.2 per cent and prevalence of metabolic syndrome was seen in 41 per cent among cases and 19.5 per cent in controls (P<0.01). Subjects with NAFLD had significantly higher values of BMI, WC, hip circumference, FBG, fasting insulin, total cholesterol and serum triglycerides. Step-wise logistic regression analysis showed odds ratio (OR) and 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) for BMI [ 4.3 (1.6, 11.3)], FBG [5.5 (1.5, 19.8)] and fasting insulin [ 2.4 (1.0, 5.8)] as independent predictors of NAFLD. The prediction score for NAFLD was; 1 (fasting insulin) +1.6 (BMI) + 1.9 (FBG) (sensitivity of 84.6%, specificity of 51.2% and aROC 76%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, presence of NAFLD indicated close relationship with multiple features of metabolic syndrome. The prediction score developed could be used as a screening tool to predict NAFLD among Asian Indians in north India.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Motilal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bajaj
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nigam
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luthra
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kondal
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wasir
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000637:Transaminases / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D000637:Transaminases