title: N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis produced a small number of mice with altered plasma electrolyte levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical chemical blood analysis including plasma electrolytes is routinely carried out for the diagnosis of various organ diseases. Phenotype-driven N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mouse mutagenesis projects used plasma electrolytes as parameters for the generation of novel animal models for human diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we retrospectively evaluated the use of the plasma electrolytes calcium, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, potassium and sodium in the Munich ENU mouse mutagenesis project where clinical chemical blood analysis was carried out on more than 20,000 G1 and G3 offspring of chemically mutagenized inbred C3H mice to detect dominant and recessive mutations leading to deviations in various plasma parameter levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified a small number of animals consistently exhibiting altered plasma electrolyte values. Transmission of the phenotypic deviations to the subsequent generations led to the successful establishment of mutant lines for the parameters calcium and potassium. Published data from other phenotype-driven ENU projects also included only a small number of mutant lines which were generated according to altered plasma electrolyte levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, use of plasma electrolytes detected few mouse mutants in ENU projects compared to other clinical chemical blood parameters.
authors.affiliation: Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. b.aigner@gen.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aigner
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rathkolb
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klempt
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Dian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Martin Hrabé
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: de Angelis
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002712:Chlorides / Q000097:blood; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood*; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010641:Phenotype; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D002712:Chlorides; D004573:Electrolytes; D012964:Sodium; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium