title: Characterization and expression analysis of SOLD1, a novel member of the retrotransposon-derived Ly-6 superfamily, in bovine placental villi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ly-6 superfamily members have a conserved Ly-6 domain that is defined by a distinct disulfide bonding pattern between eight or ten cysteine residues. These members are divided into membrane-type and secretory-type proteins. In the present study, we report the identification of a novel Ly-6 domain protein, secreted protein of Ly-6 domain 1 (SOLD1), from bovine placenta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SOLD1 mRNA was expressed in trophoblast mononucleate cells and the protein was secreted into and localized in the extracellular matrix of the mesenchyme in cotyledonary villi. SOLD1 bound mainly with type I collagen telopeptide. We confirmed secretion of SOLD1 from the basolateral surface of a bovine trophoblast cell line (BT-1). It may be related to the organization of the extra-cellular matrix in the mesenchyme of fetal villi. Since trophoblast mononucleate cells are epithelial cells, their polar organization is expected to have a crucial role in the SOLD1 secretion system. We established that SOLD1 is an intronless bovine gene containing the Alu retrotransposon, which was integrated via cytoplasmic reverse transcription.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified a novel retrotransposon-like Ly-6 domain protein in bovine placenta. SOLD1 is a crucial secreted protein that is involved in the organization of the mesenchyme of the cotyledonary villi. Furthermore, the gene encoding SOLD1 has an interesting genomic structure.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ushizawa
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Misa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosoe
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kizaki
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashizume
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000378:metabolism*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D018626:Retroelements; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D018626:Retroelements; D003094:Collagen; D003545:Cysteine