title: The preliminary experimental and clinical study of the relationship between the pigment gallstone and intestinal mucosal barrier.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relations between the formation of pigment gallstone and the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier, as well as the underlying mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups in which they were respectively given normal diet, gallstone-causing diet, and gallstone-formation diet with a supplementary intestinal mucosal protection compound known as glutamine. The model of pigment gallstone was established after 8 weeks of dietary administration. Indices about the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier and bacterial translocation were measured. Clinical cases were divided into three groups: control, cholesterol gallstone, and pigment gallstone, where the levels of plasma diamine oxidase (DAO), plasma endotoxin and the excretion rates of technetium 99m-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (99mTC-DTPA) in the urine of each group were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the pigment gallstone group, the level of plasma DAO and endotoxin, the excretory ratio of lactulose and mannitol in urine, the bacterial translocation ratio in the celiac lymph nodes and the activities of beta-glucuronidase increased comparing to the control group. The gallstone-formation rate for the intestinal mucosal protection group (GLN) decreased, and other indices, except the activity of beta-glucuronidase, were all lower than that of gallstone-formation group. In the clinical experiment, the levels of plasma DAO and endotoxin, as well as the excretory rate of 99mTC-DTPA in urine were higher in the patients with gallstones than that in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The formation of pigment gallstone was related to the abnormal function of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The abnormality in the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier probably induced the formation of gallstone by a bacterial translocation mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of First Micro-injury and Biliary Surgery, Shenjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Shuodong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Junzhe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Zhenhai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects; D001646:Bile / Q000201:enzymology; D001654:Bile Pigments / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D007792:Lactulose / Q000652:urine; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000652:urine; D010539:Permeability; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000652:urine; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D001654:Bile Pigments; D004731:Endotoxins; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D005973:Glutamine; D008353:Mannitol; D007792:Lactulose; D002784:Cholesterol; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); D005966:Glucuronidase; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate