title: How to implement a clinical pathway for intensive glucose regulation in acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: Hyperglycemia upon admission of myocardial infarction patients predicts inferior clinical outcomes. Current strategies investigating hyperglycemia correction mostly use glucose-driven protocols. Implementation of these often labor-intensive protocols might be facilitated with the approach of a clinical pathway. Therefore, we evaluated the implementation of our glucose-driven protocol.We adapted a protocol for use in our coronary care unit (CCU), which was implemented according to the steps of a clinical pathway. To compensate for carbohydrates in meals we additionally developed a regimen of subcutaneous insulin.Protocol adherence was facilitated with a Web-based insulin calculator. All hyperglycemic patients admitted to the CCU were eligible for treatment according to this protocol.In a 4-month period, 643 glucose measurements were obtained in hyperglycemic patients admitted to our CCU. Patients were treated intensively with IV insulin for 35 hours and had 23 glucose measurements in this time span on average. This regimen achieved a median glucose of 6.2 mmol/L. Severe hypoglycemia occurred in only 1.1% of measurements and was without severe clinical side effects.Introduction of new intensive insulin protocol according to the steps of a clinical pathway is safe and feasible. The presence of a clinical pathway coordinator and sound communication are important conditions for successful introduction, which can be further aided with a computerized calculator.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiology, Medical Center Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Mulder
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zwaan
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wielinga
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stam
authors.forename: Victor A W M
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Umans
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D019091:Critical Pathways; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin