title: Protein tyrosine-O-sulfation in the retina.
abstract: Tyrosine-O-sulfation, a post-translational modification, is catalyzed by two independent tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPSTs). As an initial step towards understanding the role of TPSTs in retinal function, this study was undertaken to determine the extent to which tyrosine-O-sulfation of proteins is utilized in the retina. A previously characterized anti-sulfotyrosine antibody was used to determine the presence and localization of tyrosine-O-sulfated proteins (TOSPs) in the retina. Using Western blot, RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses, we detected TOSPs in the retinas from diverse species, including frog, fish, mouse and human. Some of the variability in the observed sizes of retinal TOSPs in the mouse, at least, may result from differential patterns of glycosylation; however, there seem to be species-specific sulfated retinal proteins as well. TOSPs were detected in most of the retinal layers as well as in the retinal pigment epithelium from human and mouse. Several retinal TOSPs were detected in the inter-photoreceptor matrix, which is consistent with the secreted nature of some sulfated proteins. Transcripts for both TPST-1 and TPST-2 were expressed in both the human and mouse retinas. These data show that retinal protein tyrosine-O-sulfation is highly conserved which suggest a functional significance of these proteins to retinal function and structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, BMSB 781, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Yogita
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanan
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffhines
authors.forename: Alysha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rauhauser
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Muayyad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Al-Ubaidi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002645:Chickens; D004285:Dogs; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008875:Middle Aged; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D051381:Rats; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012589:Sciuridae; D013045:Species Specificity; D015238:Sulfotransferases; D013552:Swine; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C005662:tyrosine O-sulfate; D014443:Tyrosine; D015238:Sulfotransferases; C039079:protein-tyrosine sulfotransferase