title: The longitudinal profile of CSF markers during external lumbar drainage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  External lumbar drainage (ELD) is known as a good predictor of favourable outcome in shunting patients suffering from idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients suffering from iNPH had a lumbar drain (LD) inserted for 72 h and participated in a research study to quantify any improvement in their clinical symptoms. The lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of lactate, 8-isoprostane, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament (heavy chain) protein (NF (h)), Abeta(1-42) (beta-amyloid) and total tau were assayed samples from all three time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of lactate, VEGF, GFAP and tau increased significantly during the 72 h of drainage. There were also increases in 8-isoprostane and Abeta(1-42) (non significant). The concentration of NF (h) was reduced significantly following 72 h of drainage. There was a significant positive correlation between Abeta(1-42) and total tau in the first sample. GFAP was negatively correlated in a significant fashion with both Abeta(1-42) and total tau. NF (h) was negatively correlated with VEGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence is provided that ELD is producing measurable changes in the CSF composition of patients with iNPH. The present paper discusses how such changes may be implicated in the pathophysiology of the condition.
authors.affiliation: Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK. andrewtarnaris@gmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarnaris
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petzold
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Kitchen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keir
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D006850:Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D019344:Lactic Acid; D015237:Dinoprost