title: Muscle torque preservation and physical activity in individuals with stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A greater percent loss of concentric versus eccentric muscle torque (i.e., relative eccentric muscle torque preservation) has been reported in the paretic limb of individuals with stroke and has been attributed to hypertonia and/or cocontractions. Stroke provides a unique condition for examining mechanisms underlying eccentric muscle preservation because both limbs experience similar amounts of general physical activity, but the paretic side is impaired directly by the brain lesion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine 1) whether eccentric preservation also exists in the nonparetic limb and 2) the relationship of eccentric or concentric torque preservation with physical activity in stroke. We hypothesized that the nonparetic muscles would demonstrate eccentric muscle preservation, which would suggest that nonneural mechanisms may also contribute to its relative preservation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients who had stroke and 18 healthy control subjects (age- and sex-matched) completed a physical activity questionnaire. Maximum voluntary concentric and eccentric joint torques of the ankle, knee, and hip flexors and extensors were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 30 degrees x s(-1) for the paretic and nonparetic muscles. Relative concentric and eccentric peak torque preservations were expressed as a percentage of control subject torque.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative eccentric torque was higher (more preserved) than relative concentric torque for paretic and nonparetic muscles. Physical activity correlated with paretic (r = 0.640, P = 0.001) and nonparetic concentric torque preservation (r = 0.508, P = 0.009) but not with eccentric torque preservation for either leg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relative preservation of eccentric torque in the nonparetic muscles suggest a role of nonneural mechanisms and could also explain the preservation observed in other chronic health conditions. Loss of concentric, but not eccentric, muscle torque was related to physical inactivity in stroke.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, GF Strong Rehab Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Janice.Eng@vch.ca
authors.forename: Janice J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Melanie J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lomaglio
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Macintyre
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D020521:Stroke; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D019415:Torque