title: Metabolic inhibition strongly inhibits Na+-dependent Mg2+ efflux in rat ventricular myocytes.
abstract: We measured intracellular Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]i) in rat ventricular myocytes using the fluorescent indicator furaptra (25 degrees C). In normally energized cells loaded with Mg2+, the introduction of extracellular Na+ induced a rapid decrease in [Mg2+]i: the initial rate of decrease in [Mg2+]i (initial Delta[Mg2+]i/Deltat) is thought to represent the rate of Na+-dependent Mg2+ efflux (putative Na+/Mg2+ exchange). To determine whether Mg2+ efflux depends directly on energy derived from cellular metabolism, in addition to the transmembrane Na+ gradient, we estimated the initial Delta[Mg2+]i/Deltat after metabolic inhibition. In the absence of extracellular Na+ and Ca2+, treatment of the cells with 1 microM carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone, an uncoupler of mitochondria, caused a large increase in [Mg2+]i from approximately 0.9 mM to approximately 2.5 mM in a period of 5-8 min (probably because of breakdown of MgATP and release of Mg2+) and cell shortening to approximately 50% of the initial length (probably because of formation of rigor cross-bridges). Similar increases in [Mg2+]i and cell shortening were observed after application of 5 mM potassium cyanide (KCN) (an inhibitor of respiration) for > or = 90 min. The initial Delta[Mg2+]i/Deltat was diminished, on average, by 90% in carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone-treated cells and 92% in KCN-treated cells. When the cells were treated with 5 mM KCN for shorter times (59-85 min), a significant decrease in the initial Delta[Mg2+]i/Deltat (on average by 59%) was observed with only a slight shortening of the cell length. Intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) estimated with a Na+ indicator sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate was, on average, 5.0-10.5 mM during the time required for the initial Delta[Mg2+]i/Deltat measurements, which is well below the [Na+]i level for half inhibition of the Mg2+ efflux (approximately 40 mM). Normalization of intracellular pH using 10 microM nigericin, a H+ ionophore, did not reverse the inhibition of the Mg2+ efflux. From these results, it seems likely that a decrease in ATP below the threshold of rigor cross-bridge formation (approximately 0.4 mM estimated indirectly in the this study), rather than elevation of [Na+]i or intracellular acidosis, inhibits the Mg2+ efflux, suggesting the absolute necessity of ATP for the Na+/Mg2+ exchange.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; D012964:Sodium; D008274:Magnesium; D011190:Potassium Cyanide