title: Recovery of vocal fold paralysis after cardiovascular surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the incidence and time course of recovery of vocal fold paralysis (VFP) in adult patients after cardiovascular surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study of adults after cardiovascular surgery at a tertiary care academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with VFP after cardiovascular surgery were identified from a database of hospitalized patients undergoing voice and swallow evaluation. VFP was confirmed using transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy within 1 week of surgery. Follow-up laryngoscopy was performed in those with VFP in the outpatient clinic. Those with persistent paralysis were followed and the time course of recovery was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-six adult postoperative cardiovascular surgery patients (ages 34 to 83 years, mean 68) were identified from the inpatient voice and swallowing evaluation database. There were 20 patients (23%) with unilateral VFP. Thirteen patients followed-up for outpatient laryngoscopy. Ten of the thirteen patients (77%) ultimately had complete resolution of VFP. Three patients had persistent paralysis at a mean follow-up of 18 months. There was no obvious correlation between type of cardiovascular surgery and VFP. Signs of recovery were generally evident prior to 6 months and no recovery was seen beyond 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients with VFP after cardiovascular surgery recover fully. In accordance with previous laryngeal electromyography findings, neuropraxia during cardiovascular surgery will usually recover within 6 months.
authors.affiliation: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Daekeun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Murtaza T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ghadiali
authors.forename: Dinesh K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chhetri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*