title: Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists and a GABA uptake inhibitor on pharmacoresistant seizure like events in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Seizure like events (SLEs) induced by low magnesium or 4-aminopyridine in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) are resistant to standard antiepileptic drugs including phenobarbital, and 1,4-benzodiazepines [Albus, K., Wahab, A., Heinemann, U., 2008. Standard antiepileptic drugs fail to block epileptiform activity in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Br. J. Pharmacol. 154, 709-724]. The present study was undertaken in order to test the effects of other compounds on SLEs in OHSCs that enhance GABA-mediated actions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six to 12 days old Wistar rats were used to cultivate OHSCs according to the interface method [Stoppini, L., Buchs, P.A., Muller, D., 1991. A simple method for organotypic cultures of nervous tissue. J. Neurosci. Methods 37, 173-182]. Neuronal activity and extracellular potassium concentration were recorded under submerged conditions. SLEs were induced by lowering the magnesium concentration. The effects of GABA(A) agonists muscimol and isoguvacine, the GABA(B) agonist baclofen, the GABA uptake blocker nipecotic acid and the neurosteroid alfaxalone on induction and ongoing SLEs were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low magnesium induced SLEs were dose dependently suppressed by the GABA(A) receptor agonists muscimol, isoguvacine and alfaxalone and by the GABA uptake inhibitor nipecotic acid whereas the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen attenuated but did not suppress SLE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate that in OHSCs GABA has an inhibitory effect on SLEs. Proconvulsant effects of GABA agonists on spontaneous neuronal activity and seizure like activity were never observed. Our findings exclude a possible contribution of impaired/altered GABA-ergic mechanisms based on immaturity of receptors and/or low receptor density to seizure susceptibility and pharmacoresistance in OHSCs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Tucholskystrasse 2, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wahab
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Albus
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018755:GABA Agonists; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid