title: Cardiovascular activity and the antibody response to vaccination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between cardiovascular activity in response to acute psychological stress and the antibody response to vaccination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven healthy participants were vaccinated with the trivalent influenza vaccine and meningococcal A+C polysaccharides. Antibody levels were measured at baseline and 5-weeks post-vaccination. Cardiovascular activity was measured at rest, during, and following a mental arithmetic stress task in 54 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants demonstrating a fourfold increase in antibody titre to the A/Panama and B/Shangdong influenza strains and to meningococcal A showed greater blood pressure reactions toward the end of the acute stress task. In addition, there was some evidence of delayed diastolic blood pressure recovery in those who were responders to A/Panama and B/Shangdong influenza strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that heightened cardiovascular reactivity to stress and delayed recovery may not necessarily be detrimental to all aspects of health and may be associated with an enhanced immune response to antigen challenge.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. a.c.phillips@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anna C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Victoria E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drayson
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D011584:Psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; C043226:meningococcal group A polysaccharide; C037676:meningococcal group C polysaccharide