title: A double mutation of the ryanodine receptor type 1 gene in a malignant hyperthermia family with multiminicore myopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  At least 100 Ryanodine receptor type 1 (RYR1) mutations associated with malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease (CCD) have been identified, but 2 RYR1 mutations accompanying multiminicore myopathy in an MH and/or CCD family have been reported only rarely.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three members of a large MH family were investigated with clinical, histopathologic, RYR1 mutation, and haplotyping studies. Blood creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin levels were also measured where possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sequencing of the entire RYR1 coding region identified a double RYR1 mutation (R2435H and A4295V) in MH/CCD regions 2 and 3. Haplotyping analysis revealed that the two missense heterozygous mutations (c.7304G>A and c.12891C>T) were always present on a common haplotype allele, and were closely cosegregated with histological multiminicores and elevated serum CK. All the subjects with the double mutation showed elevated serum CK and myoglobin, and the obtained muscle biopsy samples showed multiminicore lesions, but only two family members presented a late-onset, slowly progressive myopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found multiminicore myopathy with clinical and histological variability in a large MH family with an unusual double RYR1 mutation, including a typical CCD-causing known mutant. These results suggest that multiminicore lesions are associated with the presence of more than two mutations in the RYR1 gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seul-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Dong-Chan
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong-Gon
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Il-Nam
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Sunwoo
authors.forename: Dal-Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim