title: Defining disabling foot pain in older adults: further examination of the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify a practical definition of disabling foot pain in older adults for clinical and research use, using the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (FPDI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults aged > or =50 years registered with three general practices were mailed a two-stage cross-sectional survey. A total of 1342 respondents who reported foot pain in the previous 12 months and completed the FPDI and 58 participants in a test-retest repeatability study were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analysis verified the three-construct FPDI structure (pain intensity, functional limitation and appearance). Internal consistency for the three constructs was good (Cronbach's alpha 0.74, 0.92 and 0.77, respectively). A total of 1320 (98.4%) of those persons with foot pain reported disability (at least one of the 17 FPDI items experienced on at least some days -- Definition A). After restricting this definition to problems experienced on most/every day(s) (Definition B), 996 (74.2%) of those with foot pain reported disability (percentage difference 24.2%; 95% CI 21.9, 26.5%). For each of the three constructs, the prevalence of disability among persons with foot pain was significantly higher under Definition A than under Definition B. Test-retest repeatability for the individual constructs ranged from fair to substantial. Physical function, measured by the SF-36 physical function sub-scale, was poorer in those who reported problems within the function construct compared with those with problems in pain and/or appearance constructs only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A practical definition of disabling foot pain [at least one of the 10 FPDI function items experienced on most/every day(s)] is proposed, which appears valid, repeatable and suitable for use in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research Campaign National Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK. e.roddy@cphc.keele.ac.uk
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roddy
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires