title: Evaluation of fracture resistance in simulated immature teeth using Resilon and Ribbond as root reinforcements--an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the reinforcement and strengthening ability of resilon, gutta-percha, and ribbond in endodontically treated roots of immature teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty five freshly extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared with a Peeso no. 6 to simulate immature teeth (Cvek's stage 3 root development). After instrumentation, each root was irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and with ethylene diamino tetra acetic acid to remove the smear layer. To simulate single visit apexification technique a 4-5 mm white Pro Root mineral trioxide aggregate plug was placed apically using schilder carrier. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups and one control group. Group I--control group (root canals instrumented but not filled); Group II--backfilled with thermoplastisized gutta-percha using AH plus sealer; Group III--reinforced with Resilon using epiphany sealer; Group IV--reinforced with Ribbond fibers using Panavia F luting cement. A Universal Testing Machine was used to apply a load, at the level of the lingual cementoenamel junction with a chisel-shaped tip The peak load to fracture was recorded and statistical analysis was completed using student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Values of peak load to fracture were 1320.8, 1604.88, 1620, and 1851 newtons for Group I to Group IV respectively. The results of student's t-test, revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05,) between Group II and Group III. Comparison between Group IV and Group III and between Group IV and Group II revealed highly significant difference (P > 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Teeth reinforced with Ribbond fibers using Panavia F luting cement showed the highest resistance to fracture. Resilon could not strengthen the roots and showed no statistically significant difference when compared with thermoplastisized gutta-percha in reinforcing immature tooth when tested with universal testing machine in an experimental model of immature tooth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Rural Dental College, Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharastra, India.
authors.forename: Hiremath
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hemalatha
authors.forename: Metgud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandeep
authors.forename: Sadanand
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Shoeb Sheikh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yakub
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016369:Smear Layer; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; C084111:Charisma composite resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D010087:Oxides; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D011095:Polyethylenes; C084063:RIBBOND; D019279:Resin Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D017640:Silicates; C486893:epiphany sealer; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C486892:resilon sealer; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite