title: [Effect of the music-therapy under spinal anesthesia].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since no pre-medication has been widely accepted especially in spinal anesthesia, anesthesiologists should manage the control of patient's anxiety during surgery. Instead of sedatives, we have been using music-therapy during spinal anesthesia. Bispectral index monitoring (BIS) is used as one of the sedation indices in spinal anesthesia. The aim of this study was to assess the music-therapy on reducing anxiety of patients under spinal anesthesia using BIS and interview type psychology test, State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight ASA physical status I-II patients scheduled for spinal anesthesia, were randomly allocated into M group (music group, n=29) or C group (control, n=29). BIS, EMG, and SQI of both groups were obtained continuously with computer system. Patients in M group listened to music by head phone and those in C group were left free under ordinary operating theater environment. Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-TA) score was obtained preoperatively for property-based anxiety and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-SA) score was obtained postoperatively for condition-based anxiety. Time averaged BIS scores (pre-surgery, during-surgery and post-surgery period)were obtained during operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time averaged BIS values of M and C group in pre-surgery period, during-surgery period, and post-surgery period were 95.3+/-0.4 vs 95.8+/-0.4 (NS), 87.6+/-7.5 vs 95.1+/-2.8 (P<0.01) and 96.0+/-0.4 vs. 96.2+/-0.4 (NS), respectively. Post-surgery STAI-SA was 29.7+/-7.2 in M group vs 38.8+/-10.3 in C group (P<0.01) while pre-surgery STAI-SA scores of both groups were not different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music-therapy reduced BIS value and was effective to reduce patient's anxiety during spinal anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maeyama
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodaka
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000523:psychology