title: Distribution of espM and espT among enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
abstract: Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) translocate dozens of type III secretion system effectors, including the WxxxE effectors Map, EspM and EspT that activate Rho GTPases. While map, which is carried on the LEE pathogenicity island, is absolutely conserved among EPEC and EHEC strains, the prevalence of espM and espT is not known. Here we report the results of a large screen aimed at determining the prevalence of espM and espT among clinical EPEC and EHEC isolates. The results suggest that espM, detected in 51 % of the tested strains, is more commonly found in EPEC and EHEC serogroups that are linked to severe human infections. In contrast, espT was absent from all the EHEC isolates and was found in only 1.8 % of the tested EPEC strains. Further characterization of the virulence gene repertoire of the espT-positive strains led to the identification of a new zeta2 intimin variant. All the espT-positive strains but two contained the tccP gene. espT was first found in Citrobacter rodentium and later in silico in EPEC E110019, which is of particular interest as this strain was responsible for a particularly severe diarrhoeal outbreak in Finland in 1987 that affected 650 individuals in a school complex and an additional 137 associated household members. Comparing the protein sequences of EspT to that of E110019 showed a high level of conservation, with only three strains encoding EspT that differed in 6 amino acids. At present, it is not clear why espT is so rare, and what impact EspM and EspT have on EPEC and EHEC infection.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arbeloa
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bulgin
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Ghizlane
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dahbi
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Azucena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Microbioloxía Clínica, Complexo Hospitalario Xeral-Calde, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: María Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosalia Ceferina
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mamani
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tânia A T
authors.initials: TAT
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frankel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D054324:Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054308:Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C543137:espM protein, E coli; C543138:espT protein, E coli