title: A comparison of induction of anaesthesia using a target-controlled infusion device in dogs with propofol or a propofol and alfentanil admixture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare induction targets, and the haemodynamic and respiratory effects, of propofol, or as an admixture with two different concentrations of alfentanil, delivered via a propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective blinded randomized clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty client-owned dogs scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Mean body mass (SD) 28.5 kg (8.7) and mean age (SD) 3.5 years (2.4).
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs received pre-anaesthetic medication of acepromazine (0.03 mg kg(-1)) and morphine (0.2 mg kg(-1)) administered intramuscularly. Animals were randomly assigned to receive one of three induction protocols: propofol alone (group 1), a propofol/alfentanil (11.9 microg mL(-1)) admixture (group 2), or a propofol/alfentanil (23.8 microg mL(-1)) admixture (group 3), via a TCI system. Blood target concentrations were increased until endotracheal intubation was achieved, and induction targets were recorded. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f(r)) and non-invasive arterial blood pressure were recorded pre-induction, at endotracheal intubation (time 0) and at 3 and 5 minutes post-intubation (times 3 and 5, respectively). Data were analysed using anova for normally distributed data or Kruskal-Wallis test, with significance assumed at p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between groups with respect to age, body mass, HR, f(r), systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The blood propofol targets to achieve endotracheal intubation were significantly higher in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was significantly higher in group 1 at time 0 when compared with groups 2 and 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induction of anaesthesia with a TCI system can be achieved at lower blood propofol targets when using a propofol/alfentanil admixture compared with using propofol alone. However, despite reduced targets with both propofol/alfentanil admixture groups, MAP was lower immediately following endotracheal intubation than when using propofol alone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Small Animal Clinical Studies, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK. a.auckburally@vet.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Auckburally
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pawson
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Flaherty
mesh_terms: D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015760:Alfentanil; D015742:Propofol