title: Positive and negative religious coping and well-being in women with breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although religions is important to many people with cancer, few studies have explored the relationship between religious coping and well-being in a prospective manner, using validated measures, while controlling for important covariates.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ninety-eight women with stage I or II and 86 women with stage IV stage breast cancer were recruited. Standardized assessment instruments and structured questions were used to collect data at study entry and 8 to 12 months later. Religious coping was measured with validated measures of positive and negative religious coping. Linear regression models were used to explore the relationships between positive and negative religious coping and overall physical and mental well-being, depression, and life satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of women who used positive religious coping (i.e., partnering with God or looking to God for strength, support, or guidance) "a moderate amount" or "a lot" was 76%. Negative religious coping (i.e., feeling abandoned by or anger at God) was much less prevalent; 15% of women reported feeling abandoned by or angry at God at least "a little." Positive religious coping was not associated with any measures of well-being. Negative religious coping predicted worse overall mental health, depressive symptoms, and lower life satisfaction after controlling for sociodemographics and other covariates. In addition, changes in negative religious coping from study entry to follow-up predicted changes in these well-being measures over the same time period. Cancer stage did not moderate the relationships between religious coping and well-being.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Negative religious coping methods predict worse mental heath and life satisfaction in women with breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Forbes Hospice, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. rhebert@wpahs.org
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zdaniuk
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheier
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires