Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone transporters, including MCT8, MCT10, and OATPs, and the effects of genetic variation in these transporters.
Thyroid hormone is a pleiotropic hormone with widespread biological actions. For instance, adequate levels of thyroid hormone are critical for the development of different tissues such as the central nervous system, but are also essential for the regulation of metabolic processes throughout life. The biological activity of thyroid hormone depends not only on serum thyroid hormone levels, but is also regulated at the tissue level by the expression and activity of deiodinases, which activate thyroid hormone or mediate its degradation. In addition, thyroid hormone transporters are necessary for the uptake of thyroid hormone into target tissues. With the discovery of monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) as a specific thyroid hormone transporter and the finding that mutations in this transporter lead to a syndrome of severe psychomotor retardation and elevated serum 3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine levels known as the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, the interest in this area of research has greatly increased. In this review, we will focus on the molecular aspects of thyroid hormone transporters, including MCT8, MCT10, organic anion transporting polypeptides, and the effects of genetic variation in these transporters.
van der Deure
Wendy M
WM
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical School, Erasmus MC, GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Peeters
Robin P
RP
Visser
Theo J
TJ
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011487:Protein Conformation; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027981:Symporters; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C498964:SLC16A10 protein, human; C090735:SLC16A2 protein, human; D027981:Symporters; D013963:Thyroid Hormones