title: Insular cortex involvement in declarative memory deficits in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroimaging studies have proved that hippocampus relate to the deficient of memory in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Many studies in healthy subjects also shown that insular cortex (IC) be involved in the declarative memory. This study was designed to investigate whether insular cortex is involved in declarative memory deficits in patients with PTSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve subjects with PTSD and 12 subjects without PTSD victims underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. All subjects performed encoding and retrieval memory tasks during the fMRI session. Voxel-based morphometry method was used to analyze gray-matter volume, and the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM2) was used to analyze activated brain areas when performing tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grey matter volume was significantly reduced bilaterally in the insular cortex of PTSD subjects than non-PTSD. PTSD group also had lower level of activation in insular cortex when performing word encoding and retrieval tasks than non-PTSD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides evidence on structural and function abnormalities of the insular cortex in patients with PTSD. Reduced grey-matter volume in insular cortex may be associated with declarative memory deficits in patients with PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, the Seventh Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China. shulinchen1990@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lingjiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Baihua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004190:Disasters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005390:Fires / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen