title: The application of ultrasound radiation to the synthesis of nanocrystalline metal oxide in a non-aqueous solvent.
abstract: Highly crystalline metal oxide nanoparticles of TiO(2), WO(3), and V(2)O(5) were synthesized in just a few minutes by reacting transition metal chloride with benzyl alcohol using ultrasonic irradiation under argon atmosphere in a non-aqueous solvent. The sonochemical process was conducted at a relatively low temperature, 363 K. A unique crystallization process of these nanoparticles has been observed and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), and BET. The particles' size and shape measured from HRSEM reveal "quasi" zero-dimensional, spherical TiO(2) particles in the range of 3-7 nm. The V(2)O(5) particles have a "quasi" one-dimensional ellipsoidal morphology, with lengths in the range of 150-200 nm and widths varying between 40 and 60 nm. The WO(3) particles were obtained as "quasi" two-dimensional platelets with square shapes having facets ranging from 30 to 50 nm. The thickness of these platelets was between 2 and 7 nm. The mechanism of the reactions leading to these three metal oxide nanoparticles in a non-aqueous system is substantiated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kanbar Laboratory for Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Efrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ohayon
authors.forename: Aharon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gedanken
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D010087:Oxides; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water