title: Ethnicity as a moderator of treatment effects on parent--child interaction for children with ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine ethnic differences in observed parenting and child behavior and the moderating effects of ethnicity on the relationship between treatment and parent and child behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observations of 508 children with ADHD (ages 7-9) and their caregivers, collected during the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD, were analyzed using univariate and mixed-model ANOVAs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although baseline parenting practices differed by ethnic group, ethnicity did not moderate the relationship between treatment and either parenting or child behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with data from normative samples, parents of children with ADHD differed by ethnicity in their utilization of certain parenting strategies. However, different ethnic groups did not differ on benefit received from treatments for ADHD, measured by parent and child behavior. Although ethnicity did not emerge as a moderator, ethnic minority family engagement in treatment may be increased by recognizing different parenting strategies and modifying interventions accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA. haj@akron.edu
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jeffery N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hinshaw
authors.forename: Elizabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Terry C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: L Eugene
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoza
authors.forename: Karen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors