title: Grip force control in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Appropriate regulation of grip force is essential in performance of various activities of daily living such as drinking, eating, buttoning a shirt, and so on. The extent to which individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are able to regulate grip forces while performing elements of the activities of daily living is largely unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  . To investigate how individuals with MS control grip force during performance of functional tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  . This study evaluated the grip force control in selected individuals with MS (n = 9) and healthy control subjects (n = 9) while they performed the task of lifting and placing an instrumented object on a shelf and the task of lifting the object and bringing it close to the mouth to mimic drinking. The grip forces, object acceleration, force ratio, and time lag were recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  . The individuals with MS used significantly larger peak grip force and force ratio than control subjects while performing both tasks and for both hands. In addition, the time lag between the peaks of grip and load forces was significantly longer in individuals with MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  . The application of excessive grip force could predispose individuals with MS to additional fatigue and musculoskeletal overuse trauma. Rehabilitation protocols for the MS population may need to account for increased levels of grip force applied during the performance of functional tasks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago.
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Iyengar
authors.forename: Marcio J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Aruin
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer