title: Clinicopathological features of lymphoma/leukemia patients carrying both BCL2 and MYC translocations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphoid neoplasm with 18q21.3/BCL2 and 8q24/MYC translocation to immunoglobulin (IG) genes as dual-hit lymphoma/leukemia is very rare and known to have a poor clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  To clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of this malignancy, we analyzed 27 cases of cytogenetically proven dual-hit lymphoma/leukemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dual-hit lymphoma/leukemia was diagnosed at presentation in 22 cases and at relapse or disease progression in 5 cases. At the time of diagnosis of dual-hit lymphoma/leukemia, extranodal involvement was found in 25 cases (93%) and central nervous system involvement occurred in 15 cases (56%). The median survival and 1-year survival rate of the 27 cases were only 6 months and 22%, respectively, after diagnosis of the dual-hit lymphoma/leukemia. Seven cases of triple-hit lymphoma/leukemia (dual-hit lymphoma/leukemia with 3q27/BCL6 translocation) were included; the median survival of these patients was only 4 months from the diagnosis of the dual-hit lymphoma/leukemia. The duration of survival of the patients with a triple-hit malignancy was shorter than that of the other 20 cases of dual-hit lymphoma/leukemia (p=0.02). The translocation partner of MYC subdivided the dual-hit cases into two groups; 14 cases of IGH and 13 cases of IGK/L. The MIB-1 index was investigated in 14 cases with aggressive B-cell lymphoma, and was higher in the group with MYC-IGH translocation (n=7) than in the MYC-IGK/L group (n=7) (p=0.02). Overall survival was not different between the MYC-IGH translocation group (n=14) and the MYC-IGK or MYC-IGL translocation group (n=13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dual-hit lymphoma/leukemia is a rare but distinct mature B-cell neoplasm with an extremely poor prognosis characterized by frequent extranodal involvement and central nervous system progression with either of the translocation partners of MYC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. .
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokunaka
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Junki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Motomura
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Ako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hyo
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yakushijin
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Takamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishigatsubo
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D019254:Genes, bcl-2; D016259:Genes, myc; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D013997:Time Factors; D014178:Translocation, Genetic; D016896:Treatment Outcome