title: Propofol dose and incidence of dreaming during sedation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dreaming is commonly reported after propofol-based sedation. We measured the incidence of dreaming and bispectral index (BIS) values in colonoscopy patients sedated with combinations of propofol, midazolam and fentanyl.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred patients presenting for elective outpatient colonoscopy were sedated with combinations of propofol, midazolam and fentanyl. BIS was monitored throughout the procedure. Patients were interviewed immediately after they emerged from sedation. The primary end point was a report of dreaming during sedation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-seven patients were administered propofol alone, 44 were administered propofol and fentanyl, 16 were administered propofol and midazolam and 43 were administered propofol, midazolam and fentanyl. Dreaming was reported by 19% of patients. Dreamers received higher doses of propofol and had lower BIS values during sedation. Age of 50 years or less, preoperative quality of recovery score of less than 14, higher home dream recall, propofol dose of more than 300 mg and time to Observers' Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score equalling 5 of 8 min or less were independent predictors of dreaming.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dreaming during sedation is associated with higher propofol dose and lower BIS values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia.
authors.forename: Audrey Singyi
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Eer
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Padmanabhan
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leslie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004325:Dreams / Q000187:drug effects*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol