title: Usefulness of ultrasonographic markers of carotid atherosclerosis (intima-media thickness, unstable carotid plaques and severe carotid stenosis) for predicting presence and extent of coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the usefulness of carotid ultrasound evaluation in predicting the presence and the extent of coronary artery disease in a consecutive series of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined retrospectively 1337 patients in whom both coronary angiography and carotid ultrasound were evaluated, from 1995 to 2005. Markers of carotid artery disease were considered, such as intima-media thickness more than 0.90 mm, unstable plaque and severe stenosis (> or =70%). Carotid risk score was defined as the sum of these parameters. We considered as affected by significant coronary artery disease those patients with at least one lesion more than 50% within the main branches of the coronary arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The markers of carotid atherosclerosis increased proportionally in patients with one-, two- or three-vessel coronary artery disease. At univariate analysis, intima-media thickness more than 0.90 mm was associated with an odds ratio of coronary artery disease of 2.28 (1.8-2.9) (P < 0.0001), unstable plaque 3.6 (2.3-5.7) (P < 0.001) and severe carotid stenosis 4.2 (2.0-8.7) (P = 0.0001). At multivariate analysis, the three markers mentioned above were independent risk factors for coronary artery disease even when considering other risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed the usefulness of carotid ultrasound evaluation in predicting the presence and extent of coronary artery disease. Considering the high correlation between carotid and coronary artery disease, carotid screening is useful in patients with coronary artery disease. In patients with an occasional finding of a carotid risk score of at least 2, a careful search for coronary artery disease seems warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. cicorella.nicola@libero.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cicorella
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zanolla
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franceschini
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cacici
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Cristan
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arieti
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vassanelli
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000368:Aged; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography