title: Potassium humate inhibits complement activation and the production of inflammatory cytokines in vitro.
abstract: The effects of brown coal derived potassium humate on lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production and complement activation were investigated in vitro. Potassium humate increased lymphocyte proliferation of phytohaemaglutinin A (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated mononuclear lymphocytes (MNL) in vitro from concentrations of 20 to 80 microg/ml, in a dose dependant manner. On the other hand potassium humate, at 40 microg/ml, significantly inhibited the release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 by PHA stimulated MNL. Regarding complement activation it was found that potassium humate inhibits the activation of both the alternative and classical pathways without affecting the stability of the red blood cell membranes. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory potential of potassium humate could be partially due to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines responsible for the initiation of these reactions as well as inhibition of complement activation. The increased lymphocyte proliferation observed, might be due to increased IL-2 production as previously been documented.
authors.affiliation: University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. connie.medlen@up.ac.za
authors.forename: Constance E Jansen
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: van Rensburg
authors.forename: Pieter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Naude
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003031:Coal; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D006812:Humic Substances; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D016207:Cytokines; D006812:Humic Substances