title: Racial disparity in pathophysiologic pathways of preterm birth based on genetic variants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study pathophysiologic pathways in spontaneous preterm birth and possibly the racial disparity associating with maternal and fetal genetic variations, using bioinformatics tools.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large scale candidate gene association study was performed on 1442 SNPs in 130 genes in a case (preterm birth < 36 weeks) control study (term birth > 37 weeks). Both maternal and fetal DNA from Caucasians (172 cases and 198 controls) and 279 African-Americans (82 cases and 197 controls) were used. A single locus association (genotypic) analysis followed by hierarchical clustering was performed, where clustering was based on p values for significant associations within each race. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software, known pathophysiologic pathways in both races were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From all SNPs entered into the analysis, the IPA mapped genes to specific disease functions. Gene variants in Caucasians were implicated in disease functions shared with other known disorders; specifically, dermatopathy, inflammation, and hematological disorders. This may reflect abnormal cervical ripening and decidual hemorrhage. In African-Americans inflammatory pathways were the most prevalent. In Caucasians, maternal gene variants showed the most prominent role in disease functions, whereas in African Americans it was fetal variants. The IPA software was used to generate molecular interaction maps that differed between races and also between maternal and fetal genetic variants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences at the genetic level revealed distinct disease functions and operational pathways in African Americans and Caucasians in spontaneous preterm birth. Differences in maternal and fetal contributions in pregnancy outcome are also different between African Americans and Caucasians. These results present a set of explicit testable hypotheses regarding genetic associations with preterm birth in African Americans and Caucasians.
authors.affiliation: The Perinatal Research Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. fortunat@edge.net
authors.forename: Ramkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: Digna R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Velez
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merialdi
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fortunato
authors.forename: Poul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thorsen
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D011250:Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / Q000235:genetics; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000235:genetics; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*