title: Susceptibility of the human LNCaP prostate cancer cells to the apoptotic effect of marina crystal minerals (MCM) in vitro.
abstract: Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent cancers among men in the United States. In the current study, we examined the susceptibility of the human LNCaP prostate cancer cells to the apoptotic effect of marina crystal minerals (MCM), a crystallized mixture of minerals and trace elements from sea water, in vitro. Cancer cells were cultured with MCM at different concentrations (0-1000 microg/ml). At day 3, MCM exhibited a marked apoptotic effect on LNCaP cells as measured by propidium iodide (PI) and Giemsa-stained cytospin preparations. The apoptotic effect was dose-dependent: a 2-fold increase in the level of apoptosis over the control cells was observed at low concentrations of 50 microg/ml, maximial (3-fold) at a concentration of 500-1000 microg/ml. The mechanism by which MCM induces apoptosis was examined. Flow cytometery analysis demonstrated that mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased post-treatment with MCM at low concentrations of 100 microg/ml. In addition, Western blot analysis showed that the level of anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 in LNCaP cells decreased upon treatment with MCM. We conclude that MCM has an apoptotic effect toward human prostate cancer cells, which may suggest its broader potential as an innovative, non-toxic anti-cancer agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA. mghoneum@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Mamdooh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghoneum
authors.forename: Sastry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gollapudi
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008903:Minerals / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008903:Minerals; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2