title: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is more effective than multiple daily insulin injections in preventing albumin excretion rate increase in Type 1 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) on albumin excretion rate (AER) in Type 1 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 3-year multicentre retrospective observational study, 110 Type 1 diabetic patients treated with CSII were compared with 110 patients treated with MDI matched at baseline for age, sex, diabetes duration and HbA(1c). At entry, 90 patients in each group had normal AER and 20 persistent microalbuminuria. AER, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), HbA(1c,) lipids and blood pressure were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HbA(1c) was lower in the CSII than in the MDI group (8.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 8.4 +/- 1.3%; P < 0.005 after 3 years). Blood pressure and eGFR were similar during the study. AER [median (95% confidence interval)], similar at baseline [6.0 microg/min (9, 21) in the CSII group vs. 4.4 (8, 16) in the MDI group, NS] was significantly lower in the patients treated with CSII both at year 2 and at year 3 of follow-up [4.7 microg/min (6, 12) vs. 6.4 (13, 29), P < 0.002]. This difference was observed even when normo- and microalbuminuric patients were analysed separately. Nine patients progressed to microalbuminuria in the MDI group and only one in the CSII group. Nine patients regressed to normoalbuminuria in the CSII group, whereas only two regressed to normoalbuminuria in the MDI group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a small benefit in terms of improved glycaemic control, CSII therapy may be useful in decreasing the progressive increase in AER in Type 1 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Unit, Hospital of Bergamo, A.O. Ospedali Riuniti Bergamo, Largo Barozzi, 1, Bergamo 24128, Italy. glepore@ospedaliriuniti.bergamo.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lepore
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bruttomesso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonomo
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dodesini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meneghini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nosari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trevisan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D055104:Infusions, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin