title: Utility of liver biopsy in HIV-infected patients presenting with febrile illnesses and inconclusive evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the utility of liver biopsy in providing a diagnosis in HIV-infected patients presenting with febrile illnesses and inconclusive initial investigative work up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve in-patients with HIV disease who underwent liver biopsy following inconclusive initial investigative work up for febrile illnesses between January and December 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven out of 12 patients had granulomatous hepatitis reported on histology with characteristic tuberculous epitheloid granulomas all having stainable acid-alcohol fast bacilli on Ziehl-Nielsen (ZN) stain. The mean alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels in these seven patients were 260 U/L and 304 U/L respectively, while the mean aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) were 106U/L and 72 U/L respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disseminated tuberculosis is still among the most common causes of unexplained pyrexia in our HIV-infected cohort and a liver biopsy, performed earlier in the investigative work up of unexplained fever in the HIV-infected patient, would be a useful adjunct in providing a diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, P.O. Box 40374-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shavadia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mwanzi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Twahir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005335:Fever of Unknown Origin / Q000209:etiology; D006099:Granuloma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014386:Tuberculosis, Hepatic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase