title: Recombinant human growth hormone improves survival and protects against acute lung injury in murine Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) reduces mortality and protects against Staphylococcus aureus sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bacteria-positive rate of blood smears and bacteria colony counts in bacteria plate culture, TNFalpha and IL-10 plasma levels, lung injury score, expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as well as activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in the lungs were determined 6, 12 and 24 h after 140 KM mice were injected with physiologic saline (i.p. group C, n = 20); S. aureus E311122 (1.75 x 10(12) cfu/L, 40 ml/kg, i.p. group S, n = 60); or S. aureus (as group S) with a subsequent treatment of rhGH (1.0 U kg(-1) day(-1)), i.m. group T, n = 60). The cumulative survival rate of an additional 15 mice from each group was followed for 7 days post S. aureus injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rhGH treatment significantly increased IL-10 plasma levels and the 7-day cumulative survival rate, whereas the bacteria-positive rate of blood smears, bacteria colony counts in bacteria plate cultures, lung injury score, ICAM-1 and NF-kappaB expression in the lungs were significantly reduced. In addition, rhGH treatment significantly suppressed the S. aureus sepsis-induced elevation of TNFalpha plasma levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate an ability of rhGH to prevent S. aureus sepsis-induced acute lung injury in mice, which may be attributed to attenuation of increased plasma TNFalpha levels, and elevated IL-10 plasma levels as well as reduced ICAM-1 expression and inhibited NF-kappaB activity in the lungs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal Cancer, Huaxi Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. yicheng6834@163.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015996:Survival Rate; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016753:Interleukin-10