title: Long-term biochemical and survival outcome of 921 patients treated with I-125 permanent prostate brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess long-term biochemical and survival outcome after permanent prostate brachytherapy (BT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 921 patients, treated with permanent interstitial BT monotherapy between 1989 and 2004 for <or=T2c Nx/0 Mx/0 prostate cancer were evaluated. All patients were treated with I-125 seeds (prescription dose 144 Gy). Eighty-five patients with a gland volume >or=50cc received 6 months of antiandrogen therapy before treatment. Patients were classified into risk groups with 232 defined as low-, 369 intermediate-, and 320 high-risk disease. The median follow-up was 69 months (range, 4-186 months); mean age was 67 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average 5- and 10-year biochemical no evidence of disease (bNED) rates were 79% and 57%. Average 10-year bNED rates by risk group were 88% for low-risk, 61% for intermediate-risk, and 30% for high-risk disease. The average 10-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were 59% and 82%. Ten-year overall and disease-specific survival rates by risk group were, respectively, 68% and 96% for low-risk, and 64% 87% for intermediate-risk, and 49% and 69% for high-risk disease. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, both risk group and treatment era were independent predictors of bNED and survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data on long-term survival continue to support the use of I-125 monotherapy for prostate cancer in low-risk patients and, in particular, demonstrate its efficacy in intermediate-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. K.A.Hinnen@UMCUtrecht.nl
authors.forename: Karel A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hinnen
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Battermann
authors.forename: Joep G H
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: van Roermund
authors.forename: Marinus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moerland
authors.forename: Ina M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Jürgenliemk-Schulz
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Vulpen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen