title: Long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of OROS hydromorphone in patients with chronic pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficacy of long-term repeated dosing of OROS hydromorphone in chronic pain patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This multicenter, open-label extension trial enrolled patients from three short-term OROS hydromorphone trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six centers in the United States and Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with chronic cancer pain or chronic nonmalignant pain who were receiving stable doses of OROS hydromorphone (> or = 8 mg/day). Three hundred and eighty-eight patients were enrolled, 106 patients completed at least 12 months of therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  OROS hydromorphone (individualized doses) was administered once daily.
  
  
  METHODS
  Safety and efficacy (Brief Pain Inventory and patient and investigator global evaluations) were assessed at monthly visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median duration of extended OROS hydromorphone therapy was 274 days. The median daily dose of study medication was 32.0 mg at extension-study baseline, 40.0 mg at month 3, and 48.0 mg at months 6, 9, and 12, respectively. The most frequently reported adverse events were nausea (n = 93, 24.0 percent) and constipation (n = 75, 19.3 percent). The analgesic effects of OROS hydromorphone, assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory, were maintained throughout the extension. At 12 months, 72.4 percent of patients and 75.9 percent of investigators rated overall treatment as good, very good, or excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once-daily OROS hydromorphone is an osmotically driven, controlled-release preparation that may be particularly well suited to long-term use, because it provides consistent plasma concentrations and sustained around-the-clock analgesia. In this study, the benefits of OROS hydromorphone attained in short-term studies were maintained in the long-term when daily administration was continued.
authors.affiliation: San Diego Medical Center, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Dwight E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rauck
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Iulia Cristina
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Tudor
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Skowronski
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thipphawong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002170:Canada; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004091:Hydromorphone