title: The myth of plant transformation.
abstract: Technology development is innovative to many aspects of basic and applied plant transgenic science. Plant genetic engineering has opened new avenues to modify crops, and provided new solutions to solve specific needs. Development of procedures in cell biology to regenerate plants from single cells or organized tissue, and the discovery of novel techniques to transfer genes to plant cells provided the prerequisite for the practical use of genetic engineering in crop modification and improvement. Plant transformation technology has become an adaptable platform for cultivar improvement as well as for studying gene function in plants. This success represents the climax of years of efforts in tissue culture improvement, in transformation techniques and in genetic engineering. Plant transformation vectors and methodologies have been improved to increase the efficiency of transformation and to achieve stable expression of transgenes in plants. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of important issues related to plant transformation as well as advances made in transformation techniques during three decades.
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan. Electronic address: qayyumabdul77@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdul Qayyum
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Allah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakhsh
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sarfraz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiani
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shahzad
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ahmad Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tayyab
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Husnain
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riazuddin
mesh_terms: D019470:Biolistics; D018274:Electroporation; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014170:Transformation, Genetic