In situ chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells in a TGF-beta1 loaded fibrin-poly(lactide-caprolactone) nanoparticulate complex.
When conducting cartilage tissue engineering with stem cells, it is well known that chemical and physical stimulations are very important for the induction and maintenance of chondrogenesis. In this study, we induced chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) in situ by effective stimulation via the continuous controlled release of TGF-beta1 from a heparin-functionalized nanoparticle-fibrin-poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) complex. PLCL scaffolds were fabricated with 85% porosity and 300-500 microm pore size by a gel-pressing method. Heparin-functionalized nanoparticles were prepared by a solvent-diffusion method, composed of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), Pluronic F-127, and heparin, and then TGF-beta1 was loaded to the nanoparticles. A mixture of hASCs, fibrin gels and TGF-beta1 loaded nanoparticles was then seeded onto PLCL scaffolds and cultured in vitro, after which they were subcutaneously implanted into nude mice for up to five weeks. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that chondrogenic differentiation of the hASCs on the complex was induced and sustained by continuous stimulation by TGF-beta1 from the heparin-functionalized nanoparticles. In addition, there was no significant difference between the predifferentiation condition prior to incubation in chondrogenic medium and the proliferation condition, which suggests that in situ chondrogenic differentiation of hASCs was induced by the TGF-beta1 loaded nanoparticles. Consequently, the hybridization of fibrin and PLCL scaffolds for three-dimensional spatial organization of cells and the effective delivery of TGF-beta1 using heparin-functionalized nanoparticles can induce hASCs to differentiate to a chondrogenic lineage and maintain their phenotypes.
Jung
Youngmee
Y
Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 136-650, Republic of Korea.
Chung
Yong-Il
YI
Kim
Sang Hee
SH
Tae
Giyoong
G
Kim
Young Ha
YH
Rhie
Jong Won
JW
Kim
Sang-Heon
SH
Kim
Soo Hyun
SH
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology*
D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011091:Polyesters; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C062968:lactide-caprolactone copolymer; D005337:Fibrin