title: Role of apoptosis in HESA--a teratogenicity in mouse fetus.
abstract: HESA-A is a natural compound of herbal-marine origin with cytotoxic and antitumor effects. The anticancer effects of HESA-A has been the subject of both in vivo and in vitro studies. This study was to investigate the mechanism of HESA-A teratogenicity. We assessed the HESA-A-induced apoptosis in mouse fetus in vitro by using the vital staining and TUNNEL methods. HESA-A, in lower doses, had no significant effect on apoptosis but, in higher doses of 20 and 40 muL, increased cell death. A dose of 100 muL induced the cell death with both apoptosis and necrosis mechanisms. HESA-A changed the cell-death pattern; in moderate doses of the drug, the apoptosis-to-necrosis ratio was more than 1, and in higher doses, this ratio was less than 1.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Moallem
authors.forename: Amrollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niapour
authors.forename: Toktam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Habibi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D009499:Neutral Red / Q000737:chemistry; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; C502848:HESA-A preparation; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D028321:Plant Preparations; D013723:Teratogens; D009499:Neutral Red