title: Orthodontic mechanotransduction and the role of the P2X7 receptor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The P2X7 receptor plays a crucial role in bone biology and inflammation. Its main function is to promote necrotic tissue metabolism by ensuring a normal acute-phase inflammatory response. We used a mouse model to describe and compare orthodontic mechanotransduction in wild-type and P2X7 knock-out mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using finite element analysis, mouse orthodontic mechanics were scaled to produce typical human stress levels. External root resorption, bone modeling, and bone remodeling were analyzed with fluorescent bone labels, Masson trichrome stain, and microcomputed tomography. Relationships between the biologic responses and the calculated stresses were statistically tested and compared between mouse types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were direct relationships between certain stress magnitudes and root resorption and bone formation. Hyalinization and root and bone resorption were different in the 2 types of mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orthodontic responses are related to the principal stress patterns in the periodontal ligament, and the P2X7 receptor plays a significant role in their mechanotransduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. rviecill@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Rodrigo F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Viecilli
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Katona
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hartsfield
authors.forename: W Eugene
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D006818:Hyalin / Q000502:physiology; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology*; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C546468:P2RX7 protein, human; C546469:P2rx7 protein, mouse; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7