title: Quality of life and self-esteem for children with urinary urge incontinence and voiding postponement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urge incontinence and voiding postponement are common subtypes of daytime wetting in children. We analyzed health related quality of life for children with urge incontinence and voiding postponement, and healthy controls at 2 centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined a total of 49 consecutive children 5 to 13 years old who presented with urge incontinence (22) or voiding postponement (27), and 32 controls matched for age and sex. Health related and overall quality of life were measured with generic questionnaires, and self-esteem was measured with the Piers-Harris questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Health related quality of life was significantly reduced in parent rating but not in child rating in the incontinent vs control group (total mean parent score 73 vs 78, child 76 vs 76). Children with voiding postponement have the lowest health related quality of life. Overall quality of life was significantly reduced in children with incontinence, while self-esteem did not differ. Children with externalizing disorders generally have the lowest health related and overall quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health related and overall quality of life are useful constructs, and are reduced in children with daytime incontinence by parental rating. In comparison, children rate their quality of life as being higher. Quality of life is lowest with externalizing behavioral disorders, as in children with voiding postponement. Due to comorbid behavioral disturbances, children with voiding postponement often need additional assessment, counseling and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Natale
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siemer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stöckle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Gontard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D053207:Diurnal Enuresis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012649:Self Concept; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000523:psychology*; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000523:psychology