Development of health technology assessment in France.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to describe the history of health technology assessment (HTA) in France.


METHODS
The approach was a descriptive review done by people who have been very much involved in this history.


RESULTS
The interest in HTA and evaluation as a tool for health decision making goes back to the 1970s in France. During the 1980s, there were several attempts to develop a national HTA agency, which finally came to fruition with the development of the Agence Nationale de l'Evaluation Medicale (ANDEM) in 1989. ANDEM's main success, perhaps, was in making HTA known in France by developing its own assessments, writing and validating appropriate methodologies for assessing medical technology and medical practices, and by organizing in France the development of programs of consensus development conferences, which the ANDEM either organized itself or supported and validated. In the mid-1990s, the mandate of ANDEM was extended to hospital accreditation and the agency's name was changed to Agence Nationale d'Accreditation et d'Evaluation en Sante (ANAES). Finally, in 2005, the National Authority for Health (HAS) was formed to consolidate efforts to centralize the programs of HTA, aiming at helping decision making regarding reimbursement and pricing, in one agency and to define the optimal use of health technology in France.


CONCLUSIONS
HTA has become a strong influence in the healthcare system in France. These developments may be considered rather typical of the approach to public policy questions in France, where regulation is more in use than in other countries (at least in the healthcare field). At the same time, this approach has made lobbying and other attempts to influence decisions common as well, so one might say that HTA is more politicized than in some other countries in Europe.
Weill
Caroline
C
National School of Public Health, Paris, France. cweillgies@hotmail.com
Banta
David
D
D005602:France; D006291:Health Policy; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D016730:Program Development; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical / Q000266:history