title: The biosynthesis and accumulation of beta-carotene in Dunaliella salina proceed via the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate pathway.
abstract: In Dunaliella salina, we studied the early steps in the isoprenoid pathway for the biosynthesis of carotenoids and beta-carotene and the effects of metabolic inhibitors. When D. salina was grown under carotenogenic and non-carotenogenic conditions, mevinolin did not inhibit growth or the accumulation of carotenoids, beta-carotene or chlorophyll. In contrast, fosmidomycin progressively inhibited cell growth and the biosynthesis of carotenoids, beta-carotene and chlorophyll. In this work, we reported for the first time that in D. salina, beta-carotene biosynthesis does not proceed via the classical acetate/mevalonate pathway but via the novel glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate pathway. This favours the yield of C(5) isoprenoid units for synthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate, the precursor in the biosynthesis of C(20) compounds, including geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Consequently, this pathway promotes carotenogenesis and the biosynthesis of C(40) beta-carotene in D. salina.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de. Educacion Superior de Ensenada, Tijuana-Ensenada, BC, Mexico.
authors.forename: Willian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Capa-Robles
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paniagua-Michel
authors.forename: Jorge Olmos
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Soto
mesh_terms: D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000378:metabolism*; D005578:Fosfomycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005986:Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D008148:Lovastatin; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D005986:Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate; D005578:Fosfomycin; C024640:fosmidomycin; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D008148:Lovastatin