title: "Seeing is believing": perspectives of applying imaging technology in discovery toxicology.
abstract: Efficiency and accuracy in addressing drug safety issues proactively are critical in minimizing late-stage drug attritions. Discovery toxicology has become a specialty subdivision of toxicology seeking to effectively provide early predictions and safety assessment in the drug discovery process. Among the many technologies utilized to select safer compounds for further development, in vitro imaging technology is one of the best characterized and validated to provide translatable biomarkers towards clinically-relevant outcomes of drug safety. By carefully applying imaging technologies in genetic, hepatic, and cardiac toxicology, and integrating them with the rest of the drug discovery processes, it was possible to demonstrate significant impact of imaging technology on drug research and development and substantial returns on investment.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Research Technology Center, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, USA. jimxu2@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jinghai James
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Margaret Condon
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Arthur Russell
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055808:Drug Discovery; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D014116:Toxicology