title: Homicidal poisoning deaths in the United States 1999-2005.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Homicidal poisoning is an intriguing but poorly described phenomenon. This study describes homicidal poisoning deaths in the United States during 1999-2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  A trend analysis of homicidal poisoning death was performed using Vital Statistics data. The National Mortality Statistics database was queried using "homicide" as injury intent and "poisoning" as mechanism for the years 1999-2005. Counts and rates were obtained for subgrouping by using demographic data and ICD-10 codes. Chi-square analysis calculated subgroup odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 523 homicidal poisoning deaths were identified. The overall rate for the period was 0.26/million/year. Males were significantly (OR 1.34, CI 1.13-1.59) more likely to victims than females. Death was more likely at extremes of age. Rates were 2.05/million (OR 8.72, CI 6.63-11.49) in children <1 year and 0.56/million (OR 2.20, CI 1.38-3.52) at ages >or=85 years. Rates also varied by race and were more common among Blacks (0.43/million; OR 1.83, CI 1.47-2.26). The greatest rate was observed in Black infants (5.3/million; OR 21.34, CI 14.17-32.15). ICD-10 codes indicated that medications were the most common poison. Rates were significantly higher in the West and lower in the Northeast.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall homicidal poisoning death rate was low between 1999 and 2005. The most common type of poison used was medications. Substantially higher rates were observed in vulnerable populations at extremes of age, particularly infants, and among Blacks. This challenges common notions of the victims of homicidal poisoning and the underlying motivation of their poisoners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Medical College of Georgia, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. jshepherd@mcg.edu
authors.forename: Greene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ferslew
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006708:Homicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011041:Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult