title: Nasal tip haemangiomas: guidelines for an early surgical approach.
abstract: The treatment of Cyrano nose haemangioma (CNH) is difficult because of its location and possible complications: psychological impact, severe skin infiltration and consequences on nasal growth. We suggest that the best treatment for nasal tip haemangiomas is an early surgery to remove the affected tissues and preserve the anatomy. A total of 39 children (32 females and seven males) underwent early surgery for the treatment of CNH. Mean age was 35 months. Skin infiltration was present in 15 cases. Cartilage lack or distortion was observed in 29 cases. Each patient was evaluated for global cosmetic appearance, reduction in volume of the tumour, improvement of skin texture and quality of the scar. Multiple surgical procedures were performed in 14 cases. The average postoperative follow-up was 48 months. Patients with low-volume tumours had only one surgery, whereas patients with large tumours underwent a mean of 1.9 surgeries. In 29 cases, distortion or lack of cartilaginous structures required dissection and approximation of the alar cartilages in their anatomical position. We could identify three types of CNH that lead to three distinct surgical approaches: type A (mild cases) is characterised by no cutaneous involvement, no misalignment of the cartilages and mild nasal volume increase; type B (moderate cases) entails partial cutaneous infiltration, misalignment of the cartilages and moderate nasal volume increase; and type C (severe cases) is characterised by cutaneous infiltration, misalignment of the cartilages and severe nasal volume increase.
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital d'enfants Armand-Trousseau, Centre de Référence des Angiomes, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et Plastique, Paris, F-75012, France.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hamou
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Diner
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dalmonte
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vercellino
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soupre
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Enjolras
authors.forename: Marie-Paule
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picard
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D055171:Nasal Cartilages; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome