title: Comparison of three clinical techniques for the diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate laryngeal function using 3 diagnostic techniques: echolaryngography (EL), transnasal laryngoscopy (TNL), and laryngoscopy per os (LPO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs with laryngeal paralysis (n=5) and control dogs (n=10); 5 age- and breed-matched dogs and 5 young, breed-matched dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laryngeal function was evaluated in conscious dogs using EL. All examinations were recorded and evaluated by separate, blinded observers upon completion of the study. The methods were compared with a standard evaluation incorporating all clinical knowledge of the case (STD) using sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three dogs with bilateral laryngeal paralysis requiring surgery were diagnosed as unilaterally affected or normal on EL. Three dogs had paradoxic motion on TNL and LPO, 2 of those were considered normal on EL, and 1 had no motion on EL. Paralysis was diagnosed in 1 age-matched and 3 young control dogs on EL. LPO and TNL falsely diagnosed lack of arytenoid movement in 2 age-matched controls and 1 young control. Two age-matched and 1 young control dog were misdiagnosed as paralyzed with TNL and LPO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct observation of the larynx allowed better evaluation of laryngeal function compared with EL. TNL did not require induction of anesthesia, but did not improve the ability to assess laryngeal function compared with LPO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EL was not as effective as direct observation of the larynx. TNL did not improve the evaluation of laryngeal function compared with LPO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We use LPO combined with knowledge of the clinical history and physical examination to diagnose laryngeal paralysis in preference to EL and TNL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 3060, USA. radlinsk@vet.uga.edu
authors.forename: Maryann G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Radlinsky
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Tanya C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary*; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*