title: Development of high-specific-activity (68)Ga-labeled DOTA-rhenium-cyclized alpha-MSH peptide analog to target MC1 receptors overexpressed by melanoma tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A previous report on (68)Ga-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclodedecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH was shown to indicate the imaging agent's potency for early detection of metastatic melanoma. However, the main limiting factor to developing high-specific-activity (68)Ga-DOTA-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH is the short half-life of (68)Ga, which precludes further purification of the agent. To circumvent this problem, we incorporated the microwave technique to rapidly radiolabel the peptide with (68)Ga, thereby allowing enough time to include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification in the overall procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  DOTA-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH was radiolabeled with (68)Ga in <1 min using a circular-cavity microwave apparatus. Reverse-phase HPLC purification was accomplished in less than 20 min. (68)Ga-DOTA-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH was then administered on B16/F1 murine melanoma-bearing C57 mice to study its biodistribution and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging capability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The production of high-specific-activity (68)Ga-DOTA-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH resulted in an improved tumor uptake [6.93+/-1.11%ID/g at 30 min postinjection (p.i.) and 6.27+/-1.60%ID/g at 1 h p.i.] and tumor retention (5.85+/-1.32%ID/g at 4 h p.i.). Receptor-mediated tumor uptake was verified by blocking studies. Furthermore, high-resolution PET images of the tumor were obtained, owing to high tumor-to-nontarget organ ratios at an early time point (i.e., at 1 h biodistribution: tumor/blood, 14.3; tumor/muscle, 89.6; tumor/skin, 12.3) and fast clearance of the labeled peptide from kidney and other healthy tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-specific-activity (68)Ga-DOTA-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH may have a potential role in the early diagnosis of metastasized melanoma.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Melchor V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Cantorias
authors.forename: Said D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lever
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Watkinson
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Carmack
authors.forename: Cathy S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cutler
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003500:Cyclization; D005260:Female; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring / Q000737:chemistry*; D009074:Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008545:Melanoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008872:Microwaves; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D044102:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012211:Rhenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; D044102:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1; C071349:1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid; D012211:Rhenium; D009074:Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; D019342:Acetic Acid