title: Brief preoperative smoking cessation counselling in relation to breast cancer surgery: a qualitative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe how women smokers with newly diagnosed breast cancer experienced brief preoperative smoking cessation intervention in relation to breast cancer surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Preoperative smoking cessation intervention is relevant for short- and long-term risk reduction in newly diagnosed cancer patients. Our knowledge of how patients with malignant diagnoses experience preoperative smoking intervention is however scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative descriptive study that collected data through one-time individual, semi-structured interviews with 11 Danish women. Ricoeur's theory of interpretation was used for the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women experienced that brief preoperative smoking intervention triggered reflection upon smoking and health. They furthermore experienced the smoking intervention as an opportune aid to escaping the social stigma of being a smoker. Quitting in the context of cancer diagnosis was difficult for some women. They relapsed to smoking as an ingrown response to emotional distress. The smoking intervention heightened the women's awareness of their addiction to smoking; however, they expressed a need for prolonged smoking cessation support. For others, the smoking intervention was supportive of cessation, and these women experienced smoking cessation as an enactment of a duty of responsibility to themselves and those nearest to them. They furthermore experienced a sense of personal achievement, improved well-being and endorsement from family and friends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, brief preoperative smoking intervention motivated smoking cessation. However, prolonged intervention, pre- and postoperatively, may more effectively support cessation in breast cancer patients and should therefore be evaluated in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Unit, Department of Anaesthesiology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev, Denmark. thotho02@heh.regionh.dk
authors.forename: Thordis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Bente Appel
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Esbensen
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samuelsen
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tønnesen
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Møller
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief; D036301:Qualitative Research; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology