title: Impact of the lung allocation score on lung transplantation for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2005, lung allocation for transplantation in the United States changed from a system based on waiting time to a system based on the Lung Allocation Score (LAS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of the LAS on lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) compared with other major diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 7,952 adults listed for lung transplantation between 2002 and 2008. Analyses were restricted to patients with IPAH, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF). Transplantation, waiting list mortality, and post-transplant mortality were compared between diagnoses for patients listed before and after implementation of the LAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The likelihood of transplantation from the waiting list increased for all diagnoses after implementation of the LAS. Waiting list mortality decreased for every diagnosis, except for IPAH, which remained unchanged. Implementation of the LAS was not associated with changes in post-transplant mortality for any diagnosis. Under the LAS system, patients with IPAH were less likely to be transplanted than patients with IPF (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; P < 0.001) or CF (HR, 0.49; P < 0.001) and at greater risk of death on the waiting list than patients with COPD (HR, 3.09; P < 0.001) or CF (HR, 1.83; P = 0.025) after adjustment for demographics and transplant type. Post-transplant mortality for IPAH was not statistically different from that of other diagnoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of the LAS has improved the likelihood of lung transplantation for listed patients with IPAH, but mortality on the waiting list remains high compared with other major diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0924, USA. hubert.chen@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Shiboski
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hoopes
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Marco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000465:Algorithms; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D015276:Health Care Rationing / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D018579:Patient Selection; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000458:organization & administration; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014850:Waiting Lists