title: Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and human immunodeficiency virus in multiply transfused recipients in Mexico.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transfusion-transmitted viral infection (TTI) is a major problem in patients receiving blood products. Monitoring high-risk patients is essential for assessing the epidemiology of blood-borne infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1-year, cross-sectional seroprevalence study in patients with a history of multiple transfusions was conducted. Peripheral blood samples were titered to detect serologic markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The presence of these viruses and demographic, behavioral, and medical traits were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 300 male and female multiply transfused patients with a mean age of 30.7 (+/-17.5) years were studied. The prevalence was 13.7% for HCV, 7% for HBV, and 1.7% for HIV. Patients with hemophilia had the highest prevalence for HCV and HIV infections, and hemodialyzed patients, for HBV infection. The risk factors related to acquired HCV were hemophilia (odds ratio [OR], 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-12.6), more than five hospitalizations (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.6-8.9), and having received a transfusion before mandatory screening in 1993 (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 2.0-34.6), and for HIV, having received a transfusion before 1987 (OR, 19.0; 95% CI, 2.0-177.7). The main risk factors for HBV were having end-stage renal disease and being treated with hemodialysis (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.4-9.9) and transplantation (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.4-12.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that HCV infection was more frequently identified than HBV and HIV infections in multiply transfused Mexican patients. Additionally, several risk factors are associated with TTI such as mandatory screenings before 1987 and 1993, which were the most important for HIV and HCV infections but not for HBV.
authors.affiliation: Epiblood Mexican Group, UIMII, National Medical Center La Raza, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico. gloriacr@prodigy.net.mx
authors.forename: Gloria M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: González-Velázquez
authors.forename: Cesar R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: González-Bonilla
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Novelo-Garza
authors.forename: Jose J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Terrazas
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martínez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Silvia R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cortés-Márquez
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Blanco-Flores
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Del Campo
authors.forename: Rudy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cortés-Gómez
authors.forename: M Guadalupe
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mejía-Bocanegra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D055815:Young Adult