title: Memory systems, processes, and tasks: taxonomic clarification via factor analysis.
abstract: The nature of various memory systems was examined using factor analysis. We reanalyzed data from 11 memory tasks previously reported in Mitchell and Bruss (2003). Four well-defined factors emerged, closely resembling episodic and semantic memory and conceptual and perceptual implicit memory, in line with both memory systems and transfer-appropriate processing accounts. To explore taxonomic issues, we ran separate analyses on the implicit tasks. Using a cross-format manipulation (pictures vs. words), we identified 3 prototypical tasks. Word fragment completion and picture fragment identification tasks were "factor pure," tapping perceptual processes uniquely. Category exemplar generation revealed its conceptual nature, yielding both cross-format priming and a picture superiority effect. In contrast, word stem completion and picture naming were more complex, revealing attributes of both processes.
authors.affiliation: Loyola University Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bruss
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001245:Association Learning; D003210:Concept Formation; D003463:Cues; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D012660:Semantics; D014163:Transfer, Psychology; D014706:Verbal Learning; D055815:Young Adult