title: Housing first for homeless persons with active addiction: are we overreaching?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than 350 communities in the United States have committed to ending chronic homelessness. One nationally prominent approach, Housing First, offers early access to permanent housing without requiring completion of treatment or, for clients with addiction, proof of sobriety.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews studies of Housing First and more traditional rehabilitative (e.g., "linear") recovery interventions, focusing on the outcomes obtained by both approaches for homeless individuals with addictive disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to reviews of comparative trials and case series reports, Housing First reports document excellent housing retention, despite the limited amount of data pertaining to homeless clients with active and severe addiction. Several linear programs cite reductions in addiction severity but have shortcomings in long-term housing success and retention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article suggests that the current research data are not sufficient to identify an optimal housing and rehabilitation approach for an important homeless subgroup. The research regarding Housing First and linear approaches can be strengthened in several ways, and policymakers should be cautious about generalizing the results of available Housing First studies to persons with active addiction when they enter housing programs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Surgical, Medical Acute Care Research and Transitions at the Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. skertesz@uab.edu
authors.forename: Stefan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kertesz
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Crouch
authors.forename: Jesse B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Milby
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Cusimano
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schumacher
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011638:Public Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012114:Residential Treatment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012931:Social Environment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States