title: Development of intraosseous infusion of the distal phalanx to access the foot lamellar circulation in the standing, conscious horse.
abstract: Intraosseous (i.o.) infusion of the distal phalanx (IOIDP) as a delivery route targeting hoof lamellar tissue of standing, conscious horses was evaluated. Following sedation and regional nerve blockade in six Standardbred horses, a microdialysis (MD) probe was implanted into the hoof lamellar tissue of one forelimb. A purpose designed cannulated bone screw was introduced into the body of the distal phalanx, approximately 6 cm from the MD probe. Gentamicin solution (25 mg/mL) was infused at 20 microL/min through the bone screw for 2 h without the application of a tourniquet. MD and blood samples were collected at regular intervals and analysed for gentamicin concentrations. Gentamicin was present in lamellar tissue at much higher concentrations than peripheral serum. The mean concentration of gentamicin was 24.4, 20.5 and 4.4 microg/mL in extracellular fluid (ECF) and 0.28, 0.5 and 0.32 microg/mL in serum samples collected 60, 120 and 150 min after IOIDP was started, respectively. A clinically safe and efficacious i.o. drug delivery to the hoof lamellar tissue of standing, conscious horse was developed.
authors.affiliation: Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. a.nourian@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Ali R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Nourian
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Pollitt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000662:veterinary; D003243:Consciousness; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D005552:Forelimb; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006724:Hoof and Claw; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006736:Horses; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000662:veterinary; D011187:Posture; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins