title: Do psychologically-minded clients expect more from counselling?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between psychological mindedness and clients' expectations about counselling.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design was employed to assess correlations among study variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 104 counselling-centre clients at a mid-size, Southwestern US university. Participant volunteers filled out the Psychological Mindedness Scale, life orientation test-revised (LOT-R), and the expectations-about-counselling questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clients who reported higher levels of psychological mindedness (PM) reported greater expectations of self-involvement in counselling and greater expectations of positive outcome. In contrast, PM was not significantly related to clients' expectations about their counsellors' in-session behaviour or to expectations about their counsellors' general personality style. Dispositional optimism (LOT-R) did not play a major role in the relationship between PM and expectations about counselling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High PM clients do seem to expect more from counselling than low PM clients, particularly in terms of self-involvement in the process and with respect to positive outcome. Consequently, therapists should consider assessing clients' PM, expectations, and the relationship between PM and expectations.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA. beitelmark@aol.com
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beitel
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hutz
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sheffield
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gunn
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cecero
authors.forename: Declan T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Barry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D002605:Character; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003376:Counseling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult