title: Antitumor activity of NK012 combined with cisplatin against small cell lung cancer and intestinal mucosal changes in tumor-bearing mouse after treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the advantages of treatment with the SN-38-incorporating polymeric micelles NK012 over CPT-11 in combination with cisplatin [cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (CDDP)] in mice bearing a small cell lung cancer xenograft in terms of antitumor activity and toxicity, particularly intestinal toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxic effects were evaluated in human small cell lung cancer cell lines [H69, H82, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-secreting cells (SBC-3/VEGF and its mock transfectant SBC-3/Neo)]. In vivo antitumor effects were evaluated in SBC-3/Neo-bearing and SBC-3/VEGF-bearing mice after NK012/CDDP or CPT-11/CDDP administration on days 0, 7, and 14. Drug distribution was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography or fluorescence microscopy, and the small intestine was pathologically examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in vitro growth-inhibitory effects of NK012 were 198- to 532-fold more potent than those of CPT-11. A significant difference in the relative tumor volume on day 30 was found between NK012/CDDP and CPT-11/CDDP treatments (P = 0.0058). Inflammatory changes in the small intestinal mucosa were rare in all NK012-treated mice but were commonly observed in CPT-11-treated mice. Moreover, a large amount of CPT-11 was excreted into the feces and high CPT-11 concentration was detected in the small intestinal epithelium. On the other hand, a small amount of NK012 was found in the feces and NK012 was weakly and uniformly distributed in the mucosal interstitium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NK012/CDDP combination may be a promising candidate regimen against lung cancer without severe diarrhea toxicity and therefore warrants further clinical evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology and Thoracic Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasunaga
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kenmotsu
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Jun-Ichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugino
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002945:Cisplatin; D002166:Camptothecin