Adolescent risk behaviours and psychological distress across immigrant generations.
OBJECTIVE
To examine disparities in hazardous and harmful drinking, illicit drug use, delinquency, and psychological distress among three immigrant generations of youth.


METHODS
Data on 4,069 students were derived from the 2005 cycle of the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey, a province-wide school-based survey of 7th to 12th graders. The survey employed a two-stage cluster design (school, class). Analyses include adjustments for the complex survey design, specifically stratification, clusters, and weights.


RESULTS
Both drug use and hazardous and harmful drinking increase across immigrant generations. First-generation youth report significantly less use than second-generation youth, who in turn report less use than third and later generations. Generational differences in the levels of hazardous and harmful drinking increase with age. Delinquency is significantly less among first-generation youth relative to youth of other immigrant generations. Symptoms of psychological distress are highest among first-generation youth compared to youth of other immigrant generations.


CONCLUSIONS
The nature of differences between foreign- and native-born adolescents varies across behaviours. As such, it is important to gain knowledge about the adjustment levels of these two groups with regard to specific components of well-being. Such knowledge is necessary for developing policies and programs to promote emotional and behavioural health.
Hamilton
Hayley A
HA
Social Equity and Health Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 455 Spadina Ave., Suite 300, Toronto, ON M55 2G8. hayley_hamilton@camh.net
Noh
Samuel
S
Adlaf
Edward M
EM
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000367:Age Factors; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004493:Education; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D010290:Parents; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires