Inflammatory markers in essential hypertension: potential clinical implications.
There is a growing interest focusing on the inflammatory response caused by essential hypertension. Inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that tissue expression and plasma concentrations of several inflammatory markers and mediators are associated with increased risk of hypertension. These molecules include C-reactive protein, adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and chemokines. The evaluation of these markers may influence the specific pharmacologic responses and the clinical outcome of the patients with essential hypertension. Moreover, therapeutic approaches targeted to lower blood pressure and suppress inflammatory response may have additional clinical benefits. However, further randomized studies are required to determine the potential favorable effects of suppression of inflammation in the management of arterial hypertension.
Stefanadi
Elli
E
1st Cardiology Unit, Hippokration Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece.
Tousoulis
Dimitris
D
Androulakis
Emmanuel S
ES
Papageorgiou
Nikolaos
N
Charakida
Marietta
M
Siasos
Gerasimos
G
Tsioufis
Costas
C
Stefanadis
Christodoulos
C
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators