title: Transcatheter perforation followed by pulmonary valvuloplasty in neonates with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The classic management of neonates with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PAVSD) and moderately hypoplastic pulmonary arteries is usually a systemic to pulmonary artery shunt or ductus arteriosus stenting. We report our experience of transcatheter treatment of PAVSD by perforation followed by balloon dilation of the valve, as it is performed in pulmonary atresia - intact ventricular septum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients were treated at a mean age and weight of 7.5 days (range 7-8) and 2.9kg (range 2.5-3.3), respectively. Two newborns were prenatally diagnosed, with micro deletion 22q11 in one case. The three patients had no other pulmonary blood flow support than the ductus arteriosus and were on prostaglandin E1 infusion. The pulmonary atresia was predominantly valvular without significant muscular obstruction. By echocardiography, the mean size of the pulmonary annulus was 6.5mm (range 6-7). In all cases, the valvular perforation was performed with a 0.014 coronary guidewire, followed by balloon dilation when successfully.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure succeeded in two cases but failed in the third newborn in whom a long subvalvar muscular stenosis was found at surgery. In the two successful cases, the mean postprocedural transpulmonary doppler gradient was 33.5mmHg (range 17-50). One patient experienced a femoral venous thrombosis that was successfully treated by heparin and a transient right bundle branch block occurred in another one. In the two successful cases, the prostaglandin E1 infusion was weaned and the surgical repair was performed at 4 and 12 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In selected cases with PAVSD, perforation followed by balloon dilation of the pulmonary valve offers an interesting alternative to other surgical or transcatheter palliative therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, hôpital d'enfants de La Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France. alain.fraisse@ap-hm.fr
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hugues
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abadir
authors.forename: Andreea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dragulescu
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nassi
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Errera
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amedro
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ghez
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraisse
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010166:Palliative Care; D018579:Patient Selection; D018633:Pulmonary Atresia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome