title: Insecticide dissipation from soil and plant surfaces in tropical horticulture of southern Benin, West Africa.
abstract: In Sub-Saharan Africa, horticulture provides livelihood opportunities for millions of people, especially in urban and peri-urban areas. Although the vegetable agroecosystems are often characterized by intensive pesticide use, risks resulting therefrom are largely unknown under tropical horticultural conditions. The objective of this study therefore was to study the fate of pesticides in two representative horticultural soils (Acrisol and Arenosol) and plants (Solanum macrocarpon L.) after field application and thus to gain first insight on environmental persistence and dispersion of typical insecticides used in vegetable horticulture in Benin, West Africa. On plant surfaces, dissipation was rapid with half lives ranging from 2 to 87 h (alpha-endosulfan < beta-endosulfan < deltamethrin). Soil dissipation was considerably slower than dissipation from plant surfaces with half-lives ranging from 3 (diazinon) to 74 d (total endosulfan), but persistence of pesticides in soil was still reduced compared to temperate climates. Nevertheless, for deltamethrin and endosulfan, a tendency for mid-term accumulation in soil upon repeated applications was observed. The soil and plant surface concentrations of the metabolite endosulfan sulfate increased during the entire trial period, indicating that this compound is a potential long-term pollutant even in tropical environments.
authors.affiliation: University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Nussallee 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. ingrid.rosendahl@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rosendahl
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Laabs
authors.forename: Cyrien
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Atcha-Ahowé
authors.forename: Braima
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Wulf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Amelung
mesh_terms: D001541:Benin; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006207:Half-Life; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012989:Soil Pollutants