title: One-year change in the second metacarpal bone mass associated with menopause nutrition and physical activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the annual changes and effects of nutrition and physical activity on bone mass at the second metacarpal using computed X-ray densitometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based prospective follow-up study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone mass measurements and assessments of nutritional intake, exercise habits, and health status were conducted twice with a one-year interval.
  
  
  METHODS
  269 Japanese women aged 40 - to -80 - years old.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annual change rate among subjects who started menopause during the observation period was -4.2 +/- 4.9%. Bone mass subsequently continued to decrease 3% annually until 6 years after menopause. Subjects who consumed high levels of milk or calcium in the first year showed no substantial decrease in bone mass among the post-menopausal subjects. Premenopausal subjects who began or continued exercise evidenced increased bone mass, and peri-menopausal subjects who continued exercise or a high level of daily physical activity showed inhibited bone loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Second metacarpal bone changed by menopause, nutrition and physical activity similar with other bone site presented in the previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion and Exercise Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Japan, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasaku
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa-Takata
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koitaya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohta
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008593:Menopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D050279:Metacarpal Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D009043:Motor Activity; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary