title: Trapping Phyllophaga spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) in the United States and Canada using sex attractants.
abstract: The sex pheromone of the scarab beetle, Phyllophaga anxia, is a blend of the methyl esters of two amino acids, L-valine and L-isoleucine. A field trapping study was conducted, deploying different blends of the two compounds at 59 locations in the United States and Canada. More than 57,000 males of 61 Phyllophaga species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) were captured and identified. Three major findings included: (1) widespread use of the two compounds [of the 147 Phyllophaga (sensu stricto) species found in the United States and Canada, males of nearly 40% were captured]; (2) in most species intraspecific male response to the pheromone blends was stable between years and over geography; and (3) an unusual pheromone polymorphism was described from P. anxia. Populations at some locations were captured with L-valine methyl ester alone, whereas populations at other locations were captured with L-isoleucine methyl ester alone. At additional locations, the L-valine methyl ester-responding populations and the L-isoleucine methyl ester-responding populations were both present, producing a bimodal capture curve. In southeastern Massachusetts and in Rhode Island, in the United States, P. anxia males were captured with blends of L-valine methyl ester and L-isoleucine methyl ester.
authors.affiliation: Cornell University, New York State Agriculture Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, USA. psr1@cornell.edu
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Steven R
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authors.forename: Charlesd
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authors.lastname: Armstrong
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authors.forename: Zandra D
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authors.lastname: DeLamar
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authors.lastname: Dittl
authors.forename: Sheila M
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authors.lastname: Gorsuch
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authors.lastname: Hudson
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authors.forename: Charles E
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authors.lastname: Linn
authors.forename: Nancy J
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authors.lastname: Luce
authors.forename: Kenna E
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authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mannion
authors.forename: Sridhar
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authors.lastname: Polavarapu
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Wendell L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Roelofs
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Royals
authors.forename: Glenn A
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authors.lastname: Salsbury
authors.forename: Nathan M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Shetlar
authors.forename: Margaret
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authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Beverly L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sutschek
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Sutschek
authors.forename: Stanley R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Swier
authors.forename: Martha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sylvia
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Vittum
authors.forename: Richard
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authors.lastname: Weidman
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Weber
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authors.lastname: Williamson
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mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002170:Canada; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000502:physiology*; D005426:Flight, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011156:Population Density; D012621:Seasons; D012724:Sex Attractants; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D012724:Sex Attractants