title: Value of intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography in monitoring left ventricular function in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography (IOTEE) is an integral part of many cardiac surgical procedures and is employed during major non-cardiac operations to monitor cardiac performance, particularly in high-risk patients. In the case of elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures this examination is performed according to experience and availability in a given centre.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the value of IOTEE in monitoring left ventricular (LV) function in patients undergoing elective CABG with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  
  
  METHODS
  In fifty five patients (mean 66 +/- 9 years), mean EuroSCORE: 4.5 +/- 2.9 scheduled for elective CABG in CPB, IOTEE was performed after induction of anaesthesia, 5 and 30 min after weaning from CPB. Intraoperative parameters of LV function and volume (EDV/BSA) were compared with the data obtained by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) performed before and 30 days after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant depression of LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was found after induction of aesthesia (decline from 52.2 +/- 11.2% to 49.8 +/- 11.5%, p = 0.003). Subsequent improvement of LVEF was noticed at 1-month follow-up (p = 0.01). The highest wall motion score index (WMSI) (1.5 +/- 0.43) was found after weaning from CPB, the lowest at follow-up (1.36 +/- 0.4). Change of EF and WMSI at each stage of examination was significant (p < 0.001). Significant decrease of EDV/BSA was found 30 min after weaning from CPB (decline from 53.5 +/- 23.2 to 49.1 +/- 21.9 ml/m2, p = 0.05). Significant depression of EF 5 min after weaning from CPB was detected only in patients with CPB time longer than 120 min (decline of 4.2%, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative transoesophageal echocordiography during elective CABG allows one to control difficult stages of the surgical procedure and to select patients at risk of perioperative haemodynamic deterioration. Our study supports the routine application of IOTEE in elective CABG.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Heart Disease Medinet, 51-124 Wrocław, Poland. winter@medinet.pl
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sobkowicz
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zajac
authors.forename: Romuald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cichoń
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology