title: Stressful life events, psychological appraisal and coping style in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aim was to investigate what life events postmenopausal women attending a menopause clinic, report as stressful and how psychological appraisal of these events, menopausal symptoms and general stress mediate coping style.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational design was used to recruit 179 postmenopausal women attending a menopause clinic for the first time. Data was collected using self-report questionnaires assessing socio-demographic information, menopausal symptoms, perceived stress, named stressful event, psychological appraisal and coping styles employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the women were postmenopausal, with a mean age of 50.74 years (SD=4.75). Stressful events were categorised into family problems, menopause symptoms, work problems, daily hassles and other health problems. The most commonly reported coping styles were in order, catharsis (68%), direct action (66%), and seeking social support (63%). Logistic regression was used to determine what predicts coping style. Socio-demographic variables, menopausal symptoms and general stress levels were not predictive of coping styles in this study. Specific aspects of psychological appraisal were predictive of distraction, direct action, catharsis and seeking social support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coping styles most commonly implemented were also the ones predicted by psychological appraisal of the stressful event in this study and tend to be used more so by older women. This information could be used to develop more appropriate interventions for postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. EEA.Simpson@Ulster.ac.uk
authors.forename: E E A
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires