title: Structural and kinetic modeling of an activating helix switch in the rhodopsin-transducin interface.
abstract: Extracellular signals prompt G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to adopt an active conformation (R*) and catalyze GDP/GTP exchange in the alpha-subunit of intracellular G proteins (Galphabetagamma). Kinetic analysis of transducin (G(t)alphabetagamma) activation shows that an intermediary R*xG(t)alphabetagamma.GDP complex is formed that precedes GDP release and formation of the nucleotide-free R*xG protein complex. Based on this reaction sequence, we explore the dynamic interface between the proteins during formation of these complexes. We start from the R* conformation stabilized by a G(t)alpha C-terminal peptide (GalphaCT) obtained from crystal structures of the GPCR opsin. Molecular modeling allows reconstruction of the fully elongated C-terminal alpha-helix of G(t)alpha (alpha5) and shows how alpha5 can be docked to the open binding site of R*. Two modes of interaction are found. One of them--termed stable or S-interaction--matches the position of the GalphaCT peptide in the crystal structure and reproduces the hydrogen-bonding networks between the C-terminal reverse turn of GalphaCT and conserved E(D)RY and NPxxY(x)(5,6)F regions of the GPCR. The alternative fit--termed intermediary or I-interaction--is distinguished by a tilt (42 degrees ) and rotation (90 degrees ) of alpha5 relative to the S-interaction and shows different alpha5 contacts with the NPxxY(x)(5,6)F region and the second cytoplasmic loop of R*. From the 2 alpha5 interactions, we derive a "helix switch" mechanism for the transition of R*xG(t)alphabetagamma.GDP to the nucleotide-free R*xG protein complex that illustrates how alpha5 might act as a transmission rod to propagate the conformational change from the receptor-G protein interface to the nucleotide binding site.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik (CC2) and Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheerer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.forename: Andrean
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goede
authors.forename: Jung Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hui-Woog
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Oliver P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: Klaus Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001665:Binding Sites; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015293:Transducin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D012243:Rhodopsin; D015293:Transducin