title: Randomized controlled trial comparing rubber band ligation with stapled haemorrhoidopexy for Grade II circumferential haemorrhoids: long-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An improved understanding of the pathophysiology of haemorrhoids has resulted in the introduction of new surgical techniques including stapled haemorrhoidopexy (SH). This randomized controlled trial compared the long-term effectiveness of SH with rubber band ligation (RBL) in the treatment of grade II circumferential symptomatic haemorrhoids.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive cohort of patients was randomly allocated to either SH or RBL. Data on haemorrhoidal symptoms, Cleveland continence scores, sphincter assessment, SF-36, EQ-5D, HAD score and prior treatment history were assessed at enrollment and reassessed by long-term postal questionnaire. The details were analysed using spss 12.0 from Microsoft Access.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients were allocated by computer block randomization. Both groups were balanced for age, sex and symptoms. Recurrence favoured SH [3 vs 11; OR 0.18, 95% CI (0.03 to 0.86), P = 0.028] at 1 year and, at a mean of 40.67 (31-47) months [4 vs 12; OR 0.23, 95% CI (0.05, 0.95); P = 0.039]. SH patients experienced prolonged pain [Median (IQR) = 7 (5,7) vs 3 (1,7), P = 0.008] and took a longer time to return to work [6 (3,7) vs 3 (1,6) days, P = 0.018]. This was no significant difference in quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stapled haemorrhoidopexy achieved better disease control at 1 year without any major complication. This was sustained in the long-term. Further studies with greater patient numbers are needed to confirm this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, University of Aberdeen, Scotland. Venki411@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shanmugam
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muthukumarasamy
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vale
authors.forename: A J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Loudon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011351:Proctoscopy; D012008:Recurrence; D017792:Surgical Stapling; D055815:Young Adult