title: [Topical use of glyceryl-trinitrate in the treatment of anal fissure].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anal fissure is associated with hypertonia of the internal anal sphincter and pain. Lateral internal sphincterotomy, the most common treatment, may cause permanent injury to the anal sphincter, which can lead to fecal incontinence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) ointment in the treatment of anal fissure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients (12 males and 12 females, mean age 45 years) with anal fissure received 0.4% GTN gel twice a day for a minimum of six weeks. All patients were followed at regular intervals of 2, 6, 12 weeks to assess symptom outcome, rate of healing, adverse effects and recurrence rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The symptomatology was significantly improved already from the second week of treatment in 18 patients (75%). Thirteen patients (54%) healed after six weeks, and 14 (58%) after 12 weeks, while three patients (13%) partially healed but asymptomatic. Fecal incontinence was absent. In two patients (8%) treatment was interrupted because of severe headaches. At the end of the treatment, only three patients (13%) underwent lateral sphincterotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical application of GTN ointment heals anal fissures and represents an alternative to the traditional first-line treatment of surgical sphincterotomy.
authors.affiliation: Chirurgia Generale 1, Università degli Studi di Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria,Torino, Italia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Volpatto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mistrangelo
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009824:Ointments / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D009824:Ointments; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin