title: Socket sclerosis--an obstacle for orthodontic space closure?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Socket sclerosis is a rare reaction to tooth extraction resulting in high-density bone in the center of the alveolar process, where, under normal circumstances, cancellous bone is to be expected.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an adult orthodontic patient, routine extractions of the mandibular first permanent bicuspids were performed, resulting in socket sclerosis and unsuccessful orthodontic space closure. Orthodontic mini-implants were inserted to augment anchorage and aid in space closure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the presence of socket sclerosis, conventional orthodontic mechanics failed to close the extraction spaces. However, with absolute anchorage in place, space closure occurred at a nearly normal rate. After treatment, no signs of socket sclerosis were discernible on the periapical radiographs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Socket sclerosis can be an obstacle for orthodontic space closure if traditional mechanics are employed. However, mini-implant-reinforced anchorage can lead to successful space closure, resulting in complete resolution of the sclerotic sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. sxb155@case.edu
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baumgaertel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010026:Osteosclerosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants