Injectable fillers: an American perspective.
Since 1981, there has been a significant repertoire of United States Food and Drug Administrtion (FDA) approved fillers for both cosmetic rejuvenation and facial lipoatrophy. Currently available dermal fillers include bovine, human and porcine collagens, hyaluronic acids of animal and biosynthetic origin, poly-L-lactic acid, calcium hydroxylapatite, and polymethylmethacrylate. Many of these fillers were first available in Europe and Canada before their arrival in the United States (USA) and many of the complications known about these products have come from studies conducted both in the USA and abroad. Several of the fillers that are currently available abroad or are used in the USA off-label have been associated with significant complications. The authors review three of these fillers: liquid injectable silicone, DermaLive/DermaDeep, and Bio-Alcamid.
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Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification; D002417:Cattle; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification; D017886:Durapatite / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012060:Rejuvenation; D020034:Silicone Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
D000180:Acrylic Resins; C470344:Bio-Alcamid; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D020034:Silicone Gels; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D003094:Collagen; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D017886:Durapatite