title: Late esophageal toxicity after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of esophageal toxicity after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 211 patients treated by radiation therapy for head and neck cancer were reviewed to identify those with dysphagia lasting more than 90 days after therapy. Late toxicity criteria established by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group were used to score the symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of grade 3+ esophageal toxicity at 3 and 6 months was 30% and 19%, respectively. The rate of gastrotomy-tube dependence at 3 and 6 months was 20% and 11%, respectively. Hypopharyngeal and unknown primary site (p = .01, for both), T4 disease (p = .01), and the use of concurrent chemotherapy (p = .001) were associated with grade 3+ esophageal toxicity and stricture formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant proportion of patients exhibit symptoms of esophageal toxicity after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Therefore, preventive strategies need further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. allen.chen@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Allen M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bao-Qing
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Richard L S
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jennelle
authors.forename: Derick H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Claus C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Courquin
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Purdy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D005774:Gastrostomy; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015431:Weight Loss