title: The Arabin pessary for the treatment of threatened mid-trimester miscarriage or premature labour and miscarriage: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Arabin pessary may be beneficial in the treatment of cervical incompetence. The aim of the study was to analyse the efficacy of the treatment method of pregnant women with cervical incompetence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-randomised study performed in the obstetrical wards in Lodz, Poland utilising 54 pregnant women with cervical incompetence was developed to assess the efficiency of treatment methods of cervically incompetent women. These women were diagnosed by vaginal ultrasound examination during the course of the study. Patients with a cervical length of 15-30 mm before 28 weeks an Arabin cervical pessary were inserted, women whose cervical length was less than 15 mm were treated with cervical cerclage. The main end points of the study were preterm or term delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Arabin pessary group, 1.9% of women delivered before the 29th week of gestation and 83.3% of women delivered after 37 weeks of pregnancy. Eighty-seven per cent of pregnant women treated for cervical incompetence by Arabin pessary delivered by normal spontaneous labour, 1.9% delivered by forceps labour and 11.1% of patients by caesarean section. Among pregnant women treated by Arabin pessary, 3.7% of newborns were estimated as having a score of 0-4 on the Apgar scale, 13% a score of 5-7 and 83.3% a score of 8-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cervical incompetence treatment effectively prolongs the duration of gestation. Application of the Arabin pessary is an effective method of cervical incompetence treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. advances@csk.umed.lodz.pl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sieroszewski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jasiński
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perenc
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Banach
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oszukowski
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D023802:Cerclage, Cervical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010570:Pessaries / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002581:Uterine Cervical Incompetence / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult