title: Oral ulcers: clinical aspects. A tool for dermatologists. Part II. Chronic ulcers.
abstract: Oral ulcers are generally painful lesions that are related to various conditions developing within the oral cavity. They can be classified as acute or chronic according to their presentation and progression. Acute oral ulcers are be associated with conditions such as trauma, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Behçet's disease, bacterial and viral infections, allergic reactions or adverse drug reactions. Chronic oral ulcers are associated with conditions such as oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, mucosal pemphigoid, lupus erythematosus, mycosis and some bacterial and parasitic diseases. The correct differential diagnosis is necessary to establish the appropriate treatment, taking into account all the possible causes of ulcers in the oral cavity. In this second part of this two-part review, chronic oral ulcers are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Stomatology Department, Dental School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Corcuera
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esparza-Gómez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: González-Moles
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bascones-Martínez
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*