title: Acute respiratory failure in intensive care units. FINNALI: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence, treatment and mortality of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in Finnish intensive care units (ICUs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective multicentre cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All adult patients in 25 ICUs were screened for use of invasive or non-invasive ventilatory support during an 8-week period. Patients needing ventilatory support for more than 6 h were included and defined as ARF patients. Risk factors for ARF and details of prior chronic health status were assessed. Ventilatory and concomitant treatments were evaluated and recorded daily throughout the ICU stay. ICU and 90-day mortalities were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 958 (39%) from the 2,473 admitted patients were treated with ventilatory support for more than 6 h. Incidence of ARF, acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was 149.5, 10.6 and 5.0/100,000 per year, respectively. Ventilatory support was started with non-invasive interfaces in 183 of 958 (19%) patients. Ventilatory modes allowing triggering of spontaneous breaths were preferred (81%). Median tidal volume/predicted body weight was 8.7 (7.6-9.9) ml/kg and plateau pressure 19 (16-23) cmH2O. The 90-day mortality of ARF was 31%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the incidence of ARF requiring ventilatory support is higher, the incidence of ALI and ARDS seems to be lower in Finland than previously reported in other countries. Tidal volumes are higher than recommended in the concept of lung protective strategy. However, restriction of peak airway pressure was used in the majority of ARF patients.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Units, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. rita.linko@hus.fi
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Linko
authors.forename: Marjatta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okkonen
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pettilä
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perttilä
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Parviainen
authors.forename: Esko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruokonen
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tenhunen
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ala-Kokko
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Varpula
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome