title: Do gender and level of relational functioning influence the long-term treatment response in dynamic psychotherapy?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender as a moderator of long-term treatment effects has to a very little extent been explored in individual psychotherapy. We have previously reported a short-term difference in treatment-response to transference interpretations between women with poor relational functioning (low Quality of Object Relations Scale; low QOR) and men with good relational functioning (high QOR). The present study focuses on whether there also is a sustained difference in treatment-response between those two subgroups.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the First Experimental Study of Transference-interpretations (FEST), patients (n=100) were randomized to receive dynamic psychotherapy over 1 year with either a moderate level of transference interpretations or no transference interpretations. Assessments were made at pre-treatment, mid-treatment, post-treatment, and at 1- and 3-year follow-ups. The outcome measures used were the Psychodynamic Functioning Scales (PFS), Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-C), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and Symptom Checklist-90 (GSI). Change was assessed using linear-mixed models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the moderator analyses, women with low QOR showed a significant positive long-term treatment effect of transference interpretation (P=0.005), while men with high QOR responded equally well to both therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with poor relational functioning and men with good relational functioning showed sustained different treatment-response to transference interpretations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, PO Box 85, Vinderen Diakonhjemmet Hospital, N-0319 Oslo, Norway. Randi.Ulberg@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ulberg
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marble
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Høglend
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009769:Object Attachment; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014167:Transference, Psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult