title: Trust, mistrust, racial identity and patient satisfaction in urban African American primary care patients of nurse practitioners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze relationships between cultural mistrust, medical mistrust, and racial identity and to predict patient satisfaction among African American adults who are cared for by primary-care nurse practitioners using Cox's Interaction Model of Client Health Behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive-correlational study was conducted with a convenience sample of 100 community-dwelling adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed the Cultural Mistrust Inventory; Group Based Medical Mistrust Scale; Black Racial Identity Attitude Scale; Trust in Physician Scale; Michigan Academic Consortium Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire; and provided demographic and primary care data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlations and stepwise multiple regression techniques were used to examine the study aims and correlational links between the theoretical constructs of client singularity, client-professional interaction, and outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cox's model indicated a complex view of African American patients' perspectives on nurse practitioners. Participants simultaneously held moderate cultural mistrust of European American providers and mistrust of the health care system, and high levels of trust and satisfaction with their nurse practitioners. One racial identity schema (conformity) and trust of nurse-practitioner (NP) providers explained 41% of variance in satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An African American patient's own attitudes about racial identity and the client-professional relationship have a significant effect on satisfaction with primary care.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Wayne State University, 5557 Cass Ave., Suite 370, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. ramonabenkert@wayne.edu.
authors.forename: Ramona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benkert
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hollie
authors.forename: Cheryl K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Nordstrom
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wickson
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bins-Emerick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D003469:Culture; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012933:Social Identification; D012938:Social Perception; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035502:Trust; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult