title: Typical atrial flutter can effectively be treated using single one-minute cryoapplications: results from a repeat electrophysiological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Catheter-based cryoablation (cryo) has proven to be as effective as radiofrequency energy (RF) ablation for the treatment of arrhythmias. Nevertheless, the duration of cryoapplications has been reported as being significantly longer than RF applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven consecutive patients (28 men; mean age 59 +/- 14 years) with typical atrial flutter (AFL) underwent cryo of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI). Applications of 1 min were delivered with a 10-French, 10-mm tipped catheter (CryoCor). If bidirectional CTI block was not obtained after 12 1-min applications, applications of 3 min were selectively delivered to areas of conduction breakthrough. The endpoint of the procedure was creation of bidirectional CTI block and non-inducibility of AFL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A median of 7 (range 3 to 12) 1-min applications were given along the CTI with a mean temperature of -88.6 +/- 2.3 degrees C. Mean fluoroscopy and procedure time were 27 +/- 14 min and 110 +/- 28 min respectively. Five patients required additional 3-min applications; in one patient an overextended ablation catheter prevented the completion of the index-procedure. The acute success rate of the index-procedure was 97%. In 12/24 patients, two with AFL recurrence, resumption of CTI conduction was found 4 months post-ablation. In all patients bidirectional CTI block was re-obtained after a median of one 1-min application. No additional AFL recurrences occurred, after a mean follow-up of 37 +/- 3 (range 30 to 44) months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cryo of AFL can successfully be performed using the same application duration as used for RF ablation. Both acute and long-term results are comparable to RF ablation. AFL recurrences occurred in only a minority of patients with resumption of CTI conduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, AZ 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manusama
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Timmermans
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pison
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Philippens
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Luz-Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult