Molecular diversity of volatile compounds in rare willow (Salix spp.) honeydew honey: identification of chemical biomarkers.
Salix spp. honeydew honey volatiles were analyzed for the first time by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC, GC-MS). The use of HS-SPME and USE had advantageous results over the use of one single technique, as it provided different complementary chromatographic profiles for a comprehensive screening of the honeydew volatile composition. The volatiles with different functionality, molecular weight, and polarity were extracted and identified. High percentages of benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with minor percentages of 4-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid from USE extracts can be emphasized as volatile biomarkers of this honeydew that probably originated from Salix spp., as well as methyl salicylate identified only by HS-SPME. The application of heat treatment at 80 degrees C for 2 h did not change significantly the volatile composition of this honeydew.
Jerković
I
I
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, N. Tesle 10/V, 21000, Split, Croatia. igor@ktf-split.hr
Marijanović
Z
Z
Tuberoso
C I G
CI
Bubalo
D
D
Kezić
N
N
D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D001565:Benzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry; D004355:Drug Stability; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D057048:Plant Nectar / Q000737:chemistry; D032108:Salix / Q000737:chemistry*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D014465:Ultrasonics; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
D000085:Acetates; D001565:Benzoates; D015415:Biomarkers; D057048:Plant Nectar; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds