title: Women with PTSD have lower basal salivary cortisol levels later in the day than do men with PTSD: a preliminary study.
abstract: Acute stress responses of women are typically more reactive than that of men. Women, compared to men, may be more vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Whether there are differences between women and men with PTSD in levels of the stress hormone, cortisol, was investigated in a pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  women (n=6) and men (n=3) motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors, with PTSD, had saliva collected at 1400 h, 1800 h, and 2200 h. Cortisol levels in saliva were measured by radioimmunoassay. An interaction between gender and time of sample collection was observed due to women's cortisol levels being lower and decreasing over time, whereas men's levels were higher and increased across time of day of collection. Results of this pilot study suggest a difference in the pattern of disruption of glucocorticoid secretion among women and men with PTSD. Women had greater suppression of their basal cortisol levels than did men; however, the diurnal pattern for cortisol levels to decline throughout the day was observed among the women but not the men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12206, USA. bfreidenberg@uamail.albany.edu
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Freidenberg
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gusmano
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hickling
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: J Douglas
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bremner
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frye
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000379:methods; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone