title: Increased maternal/fetal blood S100B levels following systemic endotoxin administration and periventricular white matter injury in preterm fetal sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intrauterine infection is suggested to cause perinatal brain white matter injury. In the current study, we evaluated whether S100B, a brain damage marker, may be also assessed in maternal bloodstream after white matter injury induced by fetal intravenous application of lypopolisaccharide (LPS) endotoxin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen fetal sheeps were chronically catheterized at a mean gestational age of 107 days. Three days after surgery, fetuses (n = 7) received 500 ng of LPS or 2 mL 0.9% saline (n = 7) intravenously (IV). Lypopolisaccharide and placebo groups were monitored by continuous hemodynamic data recordings and at 6 predetermined time points (control value; 3, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after LPS/placebo administration) blood was drawn for laboratory parameters and S100B assessment. Brain damage was evaluated by light microscopy after Klüver-Barrera staining. Selected areas of the periventricular white matter were also examined by electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White matter injury was detected in all LPS-treated fetuses, whereas no abnormalities were seen in control animals or in LPS-treated mothers. Maternal and fetal S100B protein levels were significantly higher in the LPS group than in the control group at all monitoring time points (P < .001). The highest fetal-maternal S100B levels were observed at 3-hour time-point (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that S100B protein is increased in the maternal district in presence of fetal periventricular brain white matter injury induced by endotoxin. The present data offer additional support for S100B assessment in the maternal circulation in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine infection at risk of white matter injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Aachen and Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Garnier
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frigiola
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li Volti
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Florio
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frulio
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alm
authors.forename: Monika U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: von Duering
authors.forename: Audrey B C
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Coumans
authors.forename: Fernando M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petraglia
authors.forename: Tom H M
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Hasaart
authors.forename: Raoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abella
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mufeed
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gazzolo
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001921:Brain / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D012756:Sheep; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen