title: Role of brain nitric oxide in the thermoregulation of broiler chicks.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in body temperature (Tb) regulation of mammals, acting on the brain to stimulate heat loss. Regarding birds, the putative participation of NO in the maintenance of Tb in thermoneutrality or during heat stress and the site of its action (periphery or brain) is unknown. Thus, we tested if NO participates in the maintenance of chicks' Tb in those conditions. We investigated the effect of intramuscular (im; 25, 50, 100mg/kg) or intracerebroventricular (icv; 22.5, 45, 90, 180 microg/animal) injections of the non selective NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME on Tb of 5-day-old chicks at thermoneutral zone (TNZ; 31-32 degrees C) and under heat stress (37 degrees C for 5-6h). We also verified plasma and diencephalic nitrite/nitrate levels in non-injected chicks under both conditions. At TNZ, 100mg/kg (im) or 45, 90, 180 microg (icv) of L-NAME decreased Tb. A significant correlation between Tb and diencephalic, but not plasma, nitrite/nitrate levels was observed. Heat stress-induced hyperthermia was inhibited by all tested doses of L-NAME (im and icv). Tb was correlated neither with plasma nor with diencephalic nitrite/nitrate levels during heat stress. These results indicate the involvement of brain NO in the maintenance of Tb of chicks, an opposite action of that observed in mammals, and may modulate hyperthermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Coleone
authors.forename: K A A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Carnio
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Gargaglioni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macari
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Bícego
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004027:Diencephalon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester