title: Effects of low intensity laser irradiation during healing of skin lesions in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether laser light can improve healing of skin wounds by killing wound bacteria while simultaneously accelerating host tissue activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wounds on the rat dorsum were irradiated or sham-irradiated three times weekly from days 1 to 19 using 635 or 808 nm diode lasers at 1 or 20 J/cm(2). Wound area and bacterial growth were evaluated three times weekly. Histological analysis was performed on days 8 and 19. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on day 19.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wounds that were irradiated using 635 nm light at 1 J/cm(2) healed similarly to controls. Wounds that were irradiated using 808 nm (1 and 20 J/cm(2), P<or=0.05) and 635 nm light (20 J/cm(2), P<or=0.05) were worse in wound maximum area at day 3 compared with controls. Further, 635 nm light at 20 J/cm(2) delayed wound closure at day 19 (ASL = 0.0127). Bacterial colonization of wounds was altered using 635 nm (20 J/cm(2), P<0.0001) and 808 nm light (1 J/cm(2), P<0.0001; 20 J/cm(2), P = 0.02). In particular, the presence of normal skin flora decreased (P<0.0001-0.0002) and, when using 808 nm light, the presence of S. aureus increased (P = 0.0001). There was histological evidence of advanced repair using 635 nm at 1 J/cm(2) at day 8 (ASL<0.04). In contrast, markers of acute repair were increased and of late repair were decreased at day 19 using 635 nm at 20 J/cm(2) (ASL<0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that while clearing wounds of certain bacteria is feasible it does not necessarily translate into a healing advantage. When normal flora are disturbed, environmental organisms more readily colonize the wound surface. It is not clear when using 808 nm light whether the loss of normal flora in the wound alone is responsible for the proliferation of S. aureus or whether the light adds to the effect by stimulating S. aureus growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. e.nussbaum@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Ethne L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Nussbaum
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mazzulli
authors.forename: Kenneth P H
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Pritzker
authors.forename: Facundo Las
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Heras
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lilge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000528:radiation effects*