title: Reading in children with orofacial clefts versus controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine reading and related skills in children with and without orofacial clefts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two children with orofacial clefts were recruited from an urban craniofacial center. A demographically similar sample of 43 children without clefts was recruited using community advertisements and a research registry. Participants completed assessments of basic reading, phonological awareness, phonological memory, reading fluency, and rapid naming. Parents completed a semi-structured interview regarding educational and medical history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with clefts scored significantly lower than controls on measures of basic reading, phonological memory, and reading fluency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is one of the first studies of reading in children with orofacial clefts to include a control sample. The findings suggest that children with clefts are less adept readers than demographically matched peers without clefts, supporting the need to monitor academic achievement in this population.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA, USA. bcollett@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Brent R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Collett
authors.forename: Marni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stott-Miller
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kapp-Simon
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Speltz
mesh_terms: D001364:Awareness; D002140:California; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002663:Child Language; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000523:psychology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000523:psychology*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D011932:Reading