title: Adenosine receptor antagonists and behavioral activation in NF-kappaB p50 subunit knockout mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our previous work revealed that mice lacking the p50 subunit of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) (p50 KO mice) and genetically intact F2 mice have similar locomotion under basal conditions, yet p50 KO mice show greater locomotor activation after caffeine ingestion. In this report, we test whether KO mice display altered caffeine pharmacokinetics or increased caffeine-induced DA turnover relative to F2 mice, and evaluate the impact of intraperitoneal administration of specific adenosine and DA receptor antagonists on locomotor activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrations of DA and caffeine were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. DA turnover was measured after treatment of mice with an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase. Locomotor activity was measured using telemetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data reveal that 1) caffeine concentrations in blood and brain are similar in KO and F2 mice after oral or intraperitoneal administration; 2) KO mice show greater DA turnover under basal conditions, but turnover is similar in both strains after caffeine administration; 3) the specific A2AAR antagonist SCH 58261 induces greater locomotion in KO versus F2 mice; and 4) the activating effect of SCH 58261 in KO mice is prevented by prior treatment with the D2R antagonist raclopride.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the conclusions that 1) A2AAR has a major impact on behavioral activation of p50 KO mice, and 2) D2R mediated neurotransmission is important to this effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794-9611, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yashanad
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mhaskar
authors.forename: Lydia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Arbogast
authors.forename: Rita A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Trammell
authors.forename: Larry F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Toth
mesh_terms: D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002110:Caffeine / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1 / Q000187:drug effects; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000187:drug effects; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C098657:5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine; D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D014230:Triazoles; D002110:Caffeine; D004298:Dopamine