title: Human fatality associated with Pacific ciguatoxin contaminated fish.
abstract: Ciguatera is a food poisoning identified as the principal risk factor in the consumption of tropical fish in Oceania. The syndrome, which follows ingestion of ciguatoxin-contaminated ciguateric fishes, is characterised by an array of gastrointestinal and neurological features. In this report we examine forensic samples associated with a human fatality using a (3)H-brevetoxin binding assay and reversed-phase HPLC/MS and HPLC/MS/MS. Three Pacific ciguatoxins (P-CTX) were detected in the implicated fish flesh sample by LC-MS/MS, implicating multiple P-CTXs in the fatal case. Additionally, ciguatoxin was identified in a liver sample obtained at post-mortem. The level of ciguatoxin detected (0.14 ppb P-CTX-1 equivalents by binding assay) indicated that at least 10% of the ingested P-CTX-1 remained in the human liver 6 days after the toxic fish was consumed. This study confirms the potential of tropical reef fish to accumulate sufficient P-CTX to be lethal to humans, especially if the liver and viscera are consumed as part of the meal.
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eaglesham
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D036841:Ciguatera Poisoning / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D011869:Radioligand Assay