title: The effect of CO2 acidified sea water and reduced salinity on aspects of the embryonic development of the amphipod Echinogammarus marinus (Leach).
abstract: We investigated the effect of CO(2) acidified sea water (S=35, 22 and 10(PSU)) on embryonic development of the intertidal amphipod Echinogammarus marinus (Leach). Low pH, but not low salinity (22(PSU)), resulted in a more protracted embryonic development in situ although the effect was only evident at low salinity. However reduced salinity, not pH, exerted a strong significant effect, on numbers and calcium content of hatchlings. Females exposed to low salinity (10(PSU)) did not carry eggs through to hatching. There was no significant difference in the number of viable hatchlings between females cultured in 22 and 35(PSU) but the exoskeleton of the juveniles at 22(PSU) contained significantly less calcium. Ocean acidification may affect aspects of E. marinus development but exposure to realistic low salinities appear, in the short term, to be more important in impacting development than exposure to CO(2) acidified sea water at levels predicted for 300 years time.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, UK.
authors.forename: Hronn
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Egilsdottir
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK. Electronic address: j.i.spicer@plymouth.ac.uk.
authors.forename: John I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Spicer
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Rundle
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D054712:Salinity; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide