title: [Quantitative test to distinguish spinal fluid from saline solution in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the use of a digital blood glucose meter for detecting the presence of spinal fluid during combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in terms of specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios.
  
  
  METHODS
  Validation was studied in 30 patients scheduled for surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. A positive finding, defined as detection of spinal fluid return or aspiration by the epidural or spinal needle, was compared with results of standard reference tests (the pattern of sensory or motor block after administration of the local anesthetic). After locating the epidural space with saline solution, the test was performed and 3 mL of local anesthetic was administered. If no sensory or motor blockade was evident, the test was considered a true negative. Spinal puncture was then performed, the test was repeated, and 2 to 3 mL of local anesthetic was injected. The test was considered a true positive if sensory or motor blockade was evident. These findings entered into the validation analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity was 100%, specificity 94%, positive predictive value 93%, negative predictive value 100%, the positive likelihood ratio 15.5, and negative likelihood 0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood glucose meter readings provide a valid quantitative measure for distinguishing spinal fluid from saline solution during combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. The method, which uses a readily available device, is easy to use to rule out the presence of spinal fluid.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia. soliveres_jua@gva.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soliveres Ripoll
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez Morillo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balaguer Doménech
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gallen Martín
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez Hernández
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Solaz Roldán
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000293:injuries; D004824:Epidural Space; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011677:Punctures; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005947:Glucose