title: Efficacy of acetaminophen in skin B16-F0 melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: Previously, we reported that acetaminophen (APAP) showed selective toxicity towards melanoma cell lines. In the current study, we investigated further the role of tyrosinase in APAP toxicity in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells in the presence of a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid, silencing tyrosinase gene. Results from tyrosinase shRNA experiments showed that APAP led to negligible toxicity in shRNA plasmid-treated cells. It was also found that APAP selectively caused escalation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and intracellular GSH (ICG) depletion in melanocytic human SK-MEL-28 and murine B16-F0 melanoma cells that express functional tyrosinase whereas it lacked significant effects on ROS formation and ICG in amelanotic C32 melanoma cells that do not express functional tyrosinase. These findings suggest that tyrosinase plays a major role in APAP selective induced toxicity in melanocytic melanoma cell lines. Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy and toxicity of APAP in the skin melanoma tumor model in mice was investigated. Mice receiving APAP at 60, 80, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day, day 7 through 13 post melanoma cell inoculation demonstrated tumor size growth inhibition by 7+/-14, 30+/-17, 45+/-11 and 57+/-3%, respectively. Mice receiving APAP day 1 through 13 post melanoma cell inoculation showed tumor size growth inhibition by 11+/-7, 33+/-9, 36+/-20 and 44+/-28%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
authors.forename: Nikhil M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Vad
authors.forename: Shashi K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kudugunti
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Graber
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Kalkunte
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srivenugopal
authors.forename: Majid Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Moridani
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010615:Phenacetin / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D009243:NAD; D000082:Acetaminophen; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D010615:Phenacetin; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid