title: Mortality in late post-traumatic seizures.
abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the mortality rates in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who were classified as having experienced late post-traumatic seizures (LPTS) in the first 2 years post-TBI compared to those who were seizure-free (non-LPTS). Participants were a pooled sample (n = 508) from two studies which enrolled individuals with TBI who were injured between March 31, 1992 and December 20, 1999. The first sample was made up of individuals enrolled in a study of risk factors for LPTS development; the second sample was composed of individuals enrolled in the TBI National Database from a single rehabilitation center. Seventy-one (14%) participants had LPTS, of which 27% had died at 8-15 years post-injury, as compared to 10% of non-LPTS participants. Individuals with LPTS died at a younger age (54.1 versus 67.7 years; p = 0.01), but there were no statistically significant differences in either time from date of injury to death or highest GCS score in the first 24 h. Causes of death were variable and not specifically related to epilepsy. Of those with LPTS, risk factors for death include advanced age at time of injury and presence of subdural hematoma. The higher mortality rate and death at younger age with variable causes in TBI individuals with LPTS warrant close medical evaluation and monitoring of these individuals, particularly accessibility and compliance with ongoing general medical care, and education of primary care colleagues of the unique needs of this at-risk population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Englander
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bushnik
authors.forename: Jerry M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jamison
authors.forename: Thao T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Duong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012640:Seizures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed