title: Tracheal innervation is abnormal in rats with experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tracheobronchial motility influences lung development. Lung hypoplasia and lung sequelae accompany congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in which the vagus nerves and esophageal innervation are abnormal. As the vagus supplies tracheal innervation, this study tested the hypothesis that it might also be abnormal in rats with CDH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intrinsic ganglia were counted and measured in whole mount acetylcholinesterase-stained tracheas from CDH and control E21 fetal rats. The relative surfaces occupied by neural structures were measured in tracheal sections immunostained for p75(NTR) and PGP 9.5. PGP 9.5 protein and mRNA expression were determined. Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparisons between groups using P < .05 as significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  p75(NTR) staining showed the neural crest origin of tracheal innervation. Scarce neural structures and smaller ganglia were found in CDH fetuses. PGP 9.5 protein expression was decreased in CDH fetuses, whereas PGP 9.5 mRNA levels were increased in comparison with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased density of neural structures and size of intramural ganglia, reduced expression of neural tissue and PGP 9.5 protein, and increased levels of PGP 9.5 mRNA reveal deficient tracheal innervation in rats with CDH. If similar anomalies exist in the human condition, they could contribute to explaining the pathogenesis of lung hypoplasia and bronchopulmonary sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pederiva
authors.forename: Rosa Aras
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Leopoldo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tovar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000150:complications*; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014132:Trachea / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000294:innervation*; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000150:complications*