title: Tissue-engineered arterial grafts: long-term results after implantation in a small animal model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of prosthetic vascular grafts in pediatric vascular surgical applications is limited because of risk of infection, poor durability, potential for thromboembolic complications, and lack of growth potential. Construction of an autologous neovessel using tissue engineering technology offers the potential to create an improved vascular conduit for use in pediatric vascular applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue-engineered vascular grafts were assembled from biodegradable tubular scaffolds fabricated from poly-L-lactic acid mesh coated with epsilon-caprolactone and L-lactide copolymer. Thirteen scaffolds were seeded with human aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells and implanted as infrarenal aortic interposition grafts in SCID/bg mice. Grafts were analyzed at time-points ranging from 4 days to 1 year after implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All grafts remained patent without evidence of thromboembolic complications, graft stenosis, or graft rupture as documented by serial ultrasound and computed tomographic angiogram, and confirmed histologically. All grafts demonstrated extensive remodeling leading to the development of well-circumscribed neovessels with an endothelial inner lining, neomedia containing smooth muscle cells and elastin, and a collagen-rich extracellular matrix.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of second-generation tissue-engineered vascular grafts shows marked improvement over previous grafts and confirms feasibility of using tissue engineering technology to create an improved arterial conduit for use in pediatric vascular surgical applications.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. tamar.mirensky@yale.edu
authors.forename: Tamar L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Mirensky
authors.forename: Gregory N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Narutoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hibino
authors.forename: Tai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinoka
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Breuer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D023421:Models, Animal; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; D010865:Pilot Projects; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds