title: Magnetic impurities on the surface of a topological insulator.
abstract: The surface states of a topological insulator are described by an emergent relativistic massless Dirac equation in 2 + 1 dimensions. In contrast with graphene, there is an odd number of Dirac points, and the electron spin is directly coupled to the momentum. We show that a magnetic impurity opens up a local gap and suppresses the local density of states. Furthermore, the Dirac electronic states mediate an RKKY interaction among the magnetic impurities which is always ferromagnetic, whenever the chemical potential lies near the Dirac point. Through this exchange mechanism, magnetic atoms uniformly deposited on the surface of a topological insulator could naturally form a ferromagnetically ordered film. These effects can be directly measured in STM experiments. We also study the case of quenched disorder through a renormalization group analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chao-Xing
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Cenke
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiao-Liang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Shou-Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Zhang