title: The unconditioned fear produced by morphine withdrawal is regulated by mu- and kappa-opioid receptors in the midbrain tectum.
abstract: We have recently shown that morphine withdrawal sensitizes the neural substrates of fear in the midbrain tectum structures--the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) and inferior colliculus (IC). In the present study, we investigated the role of mu- and kappa-opioid receptors in the mediation of these effects. Periadolescent rats chronically treated with morphine (10 mg/kg; s.c.) twice daily for 10 days were implanted with an electrode glued to a guide-cannula into the dPAG or the IC. Forty-eight hours after the interruption of this treatment, the effects of intra-dPAG or intra-IC microinjections of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO; 0.6 and 1 nmol/0.2 microl)--a selective mu-receptor agonist--or nor-binaltorphimine (BNI; 2.5 and 5 microg/0.2 microl)--a selective kappa-receptor antagonist with tardive action--on the freezing and escape thresholds determined by electrical stimulation of the dPAG and the IC were examined. For both structures, morphine withdrawal produced pro-aversive effects. DAMGO and BNI had antiaversive effects when injected into the dPAG and IC of non-dependent rats. In morphine-withdrawn rats, only BNI continued to promote antiaversive effects in both structures. Whereas DAMGO lost its antiaversive efficacy when injected into the dPAG, only its highest dose promoted antiaversive effects in the IC of morphine-withdrawn rats, suggesting the development of an apparent tolerance. Thus, the enhanced reactivity of the midbrain tectum in morphine-withdrawn periadolescent rats may be due, at least partially, to an impairment of the inhibitory influence of mechanisms mediated by mu-receptors on the neural substrates of fear in this region.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Psychobiology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Ross
authors.forename: Milton A V
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Rafael N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ruggiero
authors.forename: Manoel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nobre
authors.forename: Marcus L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.forename: Vanessa M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Castilho
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D046352:Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003336:Tectum Mesencephali / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; C051844:norbinaltorphimine; D009271:Naltrexone; D009020:Morphine