title: Microproteinuria for detecting calcineurin inhibitor-related nephrotoxicity after liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether microproteinuria could be used as an early and sensitive indicator to detect calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-related nephrotoxicity after liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  All liver transplant recipients with normal serum creatinine (SCr) and detectable microproteinuria at baseline were included in this study. The renal function was monitored by the blood clearance of (99m)Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid every 6 mo. Microproteinuria, SCr and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured at entry and at subsequent follow-up visits. The patients were divided into different groups according to the mean values of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at the follow-up time points: Group 1, GFR decreased from baseline by 0%-10%; Group 2, GFR decreased from baseline by 11%-20%; Group 3, GFR decreased from baseline by 21%-40%; Group 4, GFR decreased from baseline by > 40% and/or SCr was increasing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 143 patients were enrolled into this study (23 females and 120 males). The mean follow-up was 32 mo (range 16-36 mo). Downward trends in renal function over time were observed in the study groups. SCr and BUN increased significantly only in Group 4 patients (P < 0.001). beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) and alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1m) significantly increased with the subtle change of renal function in recipients who were exposed to CNI-based immunosuppression regimens. The reductions in GFR were closely correlated with elevated alpha1m (r(2) = -0.728, P < 0.001) and beta2m (r(2) = -0.787, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  beta2m and alpha1m could be useful as early and sensitive indicators of CNI-induced nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lu-Nan
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Lan-Lan
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wan Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-Tao
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Qing
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jia-Yin
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fu-Gui
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000139:chemically induced*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents