title: Carbetocin versus syntometrine for the third stage of labour following vaginal delivery--a double-blind randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage is essential in the pursuit of improved health care for women. However, limited literature is available for comparing the use of oxytocin agonist carbetocin with syntometrine in women undergoing vaginal deliveries. We aimed to compare intramuscular carbetocin with intramuscular syntometrine for the routine prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in women who deliver vaginally.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective double-blind randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women with no contraindication for vaginal delivery recruited from January 2005 to April 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomised to receive either syntometrine or carbetocin during the third stage of labour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome measure was postpartum haemorrhage requiring additional uterotonics. Secondary outcome measures were the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (> or =500 ml), severe postpartum haemorrhage (> or =1000 ml) and adverse effects profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women in the carbetocin group (13.5%) and in the syntometrine group (16.8%) had postpartum haemorrhage requiring additional uterotonics (P = 0.384). 1.6% of women in each group had postpartum haemorrhage (P = 1.0) and the estimated blood loss during the third stage of labour was similar between the two groups (P = 0.294). Women who had syntometrine were four times more likely to experience nausea (RR = 4.2; 95% CI 2.2-7.8) and vomiting (RR = 4.3; 95% CI 1.9-9.5) compared with women who had carbetocin. Tremor, sweating, retching and uterine pain were also more likely in the syntometrine group compared with the carbetocin group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbetocin has an efficacy similar to syntometrine for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage, but is associated with less adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. obgsll@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rauff
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohamad Suphan
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004874:Ergonovine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007749:Labor Stage, Third; D008875:Middle Aged; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; C038346:syntometrine; D010121:Oxytocin; C020731:carbetocin; D004874:Ergonovine