Working memory training in patients with multiple sclerosis - comparison of two different training schedules.
OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of two different training schedules of a computer based working memory training (BrainStim) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).


METHODS
Forty-five MS outpatients were allocated to two different training groups and a control group without training. Patients with treatment received 16 training sessions scheduled either as a high intensity training (4 times per week for 4 weeks) or as a distributed training (2 times per week for 8 weeks). A neuropsychological test battery including self-report measures was applied at baseline and at retest. The baseline assessment was performed twice at an interval of two weeks to control for possible learning effects.


RESULTS
In the outcome measures training for both intervention groups led to significantly improved fatigue symptoms as well as working memory -, and mental speed performances. Log files recorded during training showed a similar increase in levels of difficulty for both intervention groups as training progressed. No effects were found on short term memory, quality of life or depression.


CONCLUSIONS
Since comparable improvements were observed in both training groups, BrainStim can be applied as a therapeutic intervention adjusted to the personal agenda of MS patients.
Vogt
Annamarie
A
Department of Cognitive Psychology and Methodology, University of Basel, Basel CH-4055, Switzerland.
Kappos
Ludwig
L
Calabrese
Pasquale
P
Stöcklin
Markus
M
Gschwind
Leo
L
Opwis
Klaus
K
Penner
Iris-Katharina
IK
D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors