title: [Examining informational masking in cochlear implant users].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Informational masking (IM) refers to the problem of understanding target speech in the simultaneous presence of a masking speech signal. The adverse effects are attributable to the additional information provided by the competing talker. Cochlear implant (CI) recipients are not able to understand speech satisfactorily in situations such as these. The aim of the present study is to examine the extent to which CI recipients are able to use differences between the speakers with respect to level (target-to-masker ratio, TMR) and fundamental frequency (f0) in order to improve speech intelligibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Target (TS) and masker sentences (MS) were selected from the Oldenburg Sentence Test (OlSa) and were modified and superimposed. The TS were explicitly labelled using a keyword. The MS were changed with respect to TMR and f0. The TS intelligibility of different modifications was measured in six post-lingually deafened CI recipients and six normal listeners (NL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NL revealed speech understanding close to 100% even for small differences in f0 of 40 Hz or level differences of 5 dB. In CI recipients, a significant change in intelligibility could only be demonstrated with increased TMR, but not with differences in f0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In CI recipients, IM cannot be reduced by means of differences in f0 between the competing talkers, but only by level differences. This might be explained by the restricted spectral resolution and the insufficient transmission of f0 in CIs. Adverse effects in NL can predominantly be attributed to IM, while additional masking effects take place in CI recipients.
authors.affiliation: Jean-Uhrmacher-Institut für Klinische HNO-Forschung, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany. verena.pyschny@uk-koeln.de
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pyschny
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landwehr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Wedel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meister
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003638:Deafness / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D016896:Treatment Outcome