title: Histone methylation is mechanistically linked to DNA methylation at imprinting control regions in mammals.
abstract: Mono-allelic expression of imprinted genes from either the paternal or the maternal allele is mediated by imprinting control regions (ICRs), which are epigenetically marked in an allele-specific fashion. Although, in somatic cells, these epigenetic marks comprise both DNA methylation and histone methylation, the relationship between these two modifications in imprint acquisition and maintenance remains unclear. To address this important question, we analyzed histone modifications at ICRs in mid-gestation embryos that were obtained from Dnmt3L(-/-) females, in which DNA methylation imprints at ICRs are not established during oogenesis. The absence of maternal DNA methylation imprints in these conceptuses led to a marked decrease and loss of allele-specificity of the repressive H3K9me3, H4K20me3 and H2A/H4R3me2 histone modifications, providing the first evidence of a mechanistic link between DNA and histone methylation at ICRs. The existence of this relationship was strengthened by the observation that when DNA methylation was still present at the Snrpn and Peg3 ICRs in some of the progeny of Dnmt3L(-/-) females, these ICRs were associated with the usual patterns of histone methylation. Combined, our data establish that DNA methylation is involved in the acquisition and/or maintenance of histone methylation at ICRs.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier UMR 5535 CNRS, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henckel
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakabayashi
authors.forename: Lionel A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feil
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arnaud
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051383:GRB10 Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016678:Genome; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D055517:snRNP Core Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D055517:snRNP Core Proteins; D051383:GRB10 Adaptor Protein; C498796:Dnmt3l protein, mouse; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases