title: Prevalence and prognostic value of CSF markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in patients with subjective cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment in the DESCRIPA study: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is common in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) without dementia, but the prevalence of AD pathology in patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI) is unknown. AD is characterised by decreased CSF concentrations of Abeta(42) and increased concentrations of tau. We investigated the prevalence of a CSF AD profile in patients with SCI, naMCI, or aMCI and the association of this profile with cognitive outcome in each group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with SCI, naMCI, aMCI, and neurologically healthy controls were recruited from 20 memory clinics across Europe, between January, 2003, and June, 2005, into this prospective cohort study. A CSF AD profile was defined as an abnormal ratio of Abeta(42):tau. Patients were assessed annually up to 3 years. Outcome measures were changes in memory, overall cognition, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score, daily function, and progression to AD-type dementia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CSF AD profile was more common in patients with SCI (31 of 60 [52%]), naMCI (25 of 37 [68%]), and aMCI (56 of 71 [79%]) than in healthy controls (28 of 89 [31%]). The profile was associated with cognitive decline in patients with naMCI (memory, MMSE, and daily function) and in patients with aMCI (MMSE and daily function). In patients with aMCI, a CSF AD profile was predictive of AD-type dementia (OR 26.8, 95% CI 1.6-456.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AD is a common cause of SCI, naMCI, and aMCI and is associated with cognitive decline in patients with naMCI or aMCI. Patients with SCI might be in the early stages of AD, and cognitive decline might become apparent only after longer follow-up.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  European Commission; Ana Aslan International Foundation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, University of Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. pj.visser@np.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Pieter Jelle
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verhey
authors.forename: Dirk L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Knol
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheltens
authors.forename: Lars-Olof
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Wahlund
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Freund-Levi
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsolaki
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minthon
authors.forename: Asa K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hampel
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bürger
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pirttila
authors.forename: Hilkka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soininen
authors.forename: Marcel Olde
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Rikkert
authors.forename: Marcel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Verbeek
authors.forename: Luiza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spiru
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins