title: Dax-1 knockdown in mouse embryonic stem cells induces loss of pluripotency and multilineage differentiation.
abstract: Dax-1 (Nr0b1) is an orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that has a key role in adrenogonadal development and function. Recent studies have also implicated Dax-1 in the transcriptional network controlling embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency. Here, we show that Dax-1 expression is affected by differentiating treatments and pharmacological activation of beta-catenin-dependent transcription in mouse ES cells. Furthermore, Dax-1 knockdown induced upregulation of multilineage differentiation markers, and produced enhanced differentiation and defects in ES viability and proliferation. Through RNA interference and transcriptome analysis, we have identified genes regulated by Dax-1 in mouse ES cells at 24 and 48 hours after knockdown. Strikingly, the great majority of these genes are upregulated, showing that the prevalent function of Dax-1 is to act as a transcriptional repressor in mouse ES cells, as confirmed by experiments using the Gal4 system. Genes involved in tissue differentiation and control of proliferation are significantly enriched among Dax-1-regulated transcripts. These data show that Dax-1 is an essential element in the molecular circuit involved in the maintenance of ES cell pluripotency and have implications for the understanding of stem cell function in both physiological (adrenal gland) and clinical (Ewing tumors) settings where Dax-1 plays a pivotal role in development and pathogenesis, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 6097, Valbonne, France.
authors.forename: Olfa
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khalfallah
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barbry
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bardoni
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lalli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D057137:DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D057137:DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C539966:Nr0b1 protein, mouse; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide