title: Assessment of promising protein markers for vulva cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the results of a previous study with the tissue microarray technology showing that cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) overexpression and absent caspase 3 expression are associated with poor disease-specific survival in univariate analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 80 consecutive patients with vulva cancer treated in the period from 1999 to 2003 in a university hospital. A tissue microarray with 3 tumor tissue cores per patient was constructed and stained with antibodies against COX-2, caspase 3, epidermal growth factor receptor, p16 INK4, cyclin D1, and Ki-67. The impact of the expression of these protein markers and selected clinicopathologic variables on disease-specific as well as disease-free survival was measured. Cox proportional hazard model was used for both univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases and strong COX-2 expression were related to disease-free (hazard ratio [HR], 8.33, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.97-23.36; P < 0.001; and HR, 6.42; 95% CI, 2.33-17.72; P < 0.001) and disease-specific survival (HR, 6.04; 95% CI, 2.12-17.19; P = 0.001; and HR, 5.11; 95% CI, 1.82-14.36; P = 0.002). In the present series, no association was found between caspase 3 expression and survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognostic significance of COX-2 overexpression was confirmed. In contrast, in the present series, no relation was found between caspase 3 expression and survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. g.fons@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Guus
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fons
authors.forename: Matthé P M
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Fiebo J W
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: ten Kate
authors.forename: Jacobus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Velden
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D053148:Caspase 3