title: Co-use of alcohol and tobacco among ninth-graders in Louisiana.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The co-use of alcohol and tobacco by adolescents is a public health problem that continues well into adulthood and results in negative behavioral, social, and health consequences. The purpose of this study was to examine the co-use of alcohol and tobacco among ninth-graders in south-central Louisiana.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created a health habits survey to collect data from 4,750 ninth-grade students, mean age 15.4 years. Cross-sectional analysis used chi2, 1-way analysis of variance, and logistic regression methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost 20% of students were co-users. Students who were white, performed poorly in school, did not expect to graduate high school, and had more discretionary money to spend were more likely to be co-users. Co-users had friends who got drunk weekly and were more likely to approve of alcohol use among friends than among adults. Significant differences in attitudes toward drinking and smoking were observed between co-users and nonusers. For adolescent drinkers, including girls, hard liquor was the preferred beverage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data for high school students are applicable for prevention strategies at a critical age when harmful health behaviors can mark the start of lifelong habits. Intervention efforts will be successful only if they account for multiple levels of influence.
authors.affiliation: Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Community Health Sciences, 1440 Canal St, Rm 2309, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. cjohnso5@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Carolyn C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Larry S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: Leann
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Neil W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Boris
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001741:Black or African American; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult