title: TMD in consecutive patients referred for orthognathic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To answer the question whether temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were more common in a group of individuals referred for orthognathic surgery than in a control group. The null hypothesis was that neither the frequency of signs and symptoms of TMD or diagnosed TMD would differ between the patient group and a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 121 consecutive patients referred for orthognathic surgery at the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden, was interviewed and examined regarding signs and symptoms of TMD and headaches. A control group was formed by 56 age- and gender-matched individuals attending the Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden, and Public Dental Health Clinic in Oxie, County of Skane, Sweden. TMD diagnoses were used according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient group showed more myofascial pain without limited opening, disc displacement with reduction, and arthralgia according to RDC/TMD than the control group. The patient group also had more symptoms and signs of TMD in general.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The null hypothesis was rejected because patients who were to be treated with orthognathic surgery had more signs and symptoms of TMD and higher frequency of diagnosed TMD compared with the matched control group.
authors.affiliation: Departmento of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmo, Sweden. cecilia.abrahamsson@od.mah.se
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abrahamsson
authors.forename: Ewacarin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekberg
authors.forename: Thor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henrikson
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nilner
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sunzel
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bondemark
mesh_terms: D018771:Arthralgia / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult