title: Value of cervical cytology in diagnosing endometrial carcinoma in women with postmenopausal bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the accuracy of the cervical smear in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding, with an emphasis on the diagnostic relevance of normal endometrial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women presenting with abnormal postmenopausal bleeding, not using hormone replacement therapy, were included prospectively. Cervical cytology was coded according to both the Papanicolaou (Pap) classification and the Dutch coding system (CISOE-A), which classifies endometrial and other cell types separately. For both classification systems, likelihood ratios (LR) for the presence of (pre) malignancy of the endometrium were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 543 women with postmenopausal bleeding. A (pre) cancerous endometrial lesion was present in 64 women (11.7%). A Pap III increased the probability of (pre) malignancy (LR 3.5), whereas Pap IV and Pap V virtually proved the presence of carcinoma. The CISOE-A classification showed similar results. The presence of normal endometrial cells did not increase the probability of endometrial (pre) malignancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding the results of the cervical smear to endometrial thickness could detect incidental endometrial cancers that are missed by transvaginal sonography (< 5 mm). In women with postmenopausal bleeding the presence of normal endometrial cells is not predictive of endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecological Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, University of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.vandoorn@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Helena C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: van Doom
authors.forename: Brent C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Opmeer
authors.forename: G Sjarlot
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kooi
authors.forename: Patrica C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ewing-Graham
authors.forename: Roy F P M
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Kruitwagen
authors.forename: Ben W J
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Mol
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D017698:Postmenopause; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000379:methods*