title: Clinical effectiveness of aquatic exercise to treat chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: METHODS
  This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of aquatic exercise interventions with land-based exercises in the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Land-based exercise and physiotherapy are the main treatment tools used for CLBP. Clinical experience indicates that aquatic exercise may have advantages for patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 65 patients with CLBP were included in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive aquatic exercise or land-based exercise treatment protocol. Aquatic exercise program consisted of 20 sessions, 5 x per week for 4 weeks in a swimming pool at 33 degrees C. Land-based exercise (home-based exercise) program were demonstrated by a physiotherapist on one occasion and then they were given written advice The patients were assessed for spinal mobility, pain, disability, and quality of life. Evaluations were performed before treatment (week 0) and after treatment (week 4 and week 12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, statistically significant improvements were detected in all outcome measures (except modified Schober test) compared with baseline. However, improvement in modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability questionnaire and physical function and role limitations due to physical functioning subpart of Short-Form 36 Health Survey were better in aquatic exercise group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that a water-based exercises produced better improvement in disability and quality of life of the patients with CLBP than land-based exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. umitftr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dundar
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Solak
authors.forename: Ilknur
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yigit
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Evcik
authors.forename: Vural
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kavuncu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D013131:Spine / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome