title: Transanal haemorrhoidal artery echodoppler ligation and  anopexy (THD) is effective for II and III degree haemorrhoids:  a prospective multicentric study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a multicentric prospective study which aimed to evaluate Doppler-assisted ligation of the terminal haemorrhoidal arteries (THD) for II and III degree haemorrhoids.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 112 patients from five colorectal units, including 81 men, mean age 48 +/- 13 years, with II degree (39) and III degree (73) haemorrhoids were treated by Doppler-guided transanal de-arterialization and anopexy using a new device (THD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time was 33.9 +/- 8.8 minutes, and the mean number of ligatures applied was 7.2 +/- 1.5. Postoperatively, 72% of patients did not need analgesics and the other 28% used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 1-3 times/day for less than 2 days. All the patients were operated as a day case. Early postoperative complications included haemorrhoidal thrombosis (2 patients), bleeding (1) treated by haemostatic suture, dysuria (6) and acute urinary retention (1). After a mean follow-up of 15.6 +/- 6.5 months (range 6-32), 2/105 (20.9%) patients complained of minor bleeding, while mild pain was still present in 4/51 patients (7.8%). There were no statistically significant differences in the sample population regarding the gender or stage of the disease. Tenesmus was cured in 15/17 patients, dyschaezia in 20/22 patients and mucous soiling in 10/10 patients. No new cases of altered defaecation or faecal incontinence were recorded. Overall, 85.7% of patients were cured and 7.1% improved. Residual haemorrhoids were treated by elastic band ligation in nine (8%) patients and by surgical excision in further five patients (4.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doppler-assisted ligation of the terminal branches of the haemorrhoidal arteries for II and III degree haemorrhoids is highly effective and painless. Complications are few and the technique can be performed as a day case.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Unit, Santa Maria dei Battuti Hospital, S. Vito al Tagliamento (PN), Italy. aldo.infantino@mac.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Infantino
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Dal Monte
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salafia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tagariello
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Tonizzo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spazzafumo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Altomare
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D055815:Young Adult