title: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-sulfooxymethylfurfural increase adenoma and flat ACF number in the intestine of Min/+ mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is produced in large quantities during the processing of food containing carbohydrates and can be metabolised to 5-sulfooxymethylfurfural (SMF), a reactive intermediate that can bind to DNA and cause mutagenic effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three to six days after birth, multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min/+) mice were given a single subcutaneous injection of either 500 mg/kg body weight (bw) HMF, 25 mg/kg bw SMF or vehicle (0.9 % NaCl), and were euthanised at 12 weeks of age. The number and size of adenomas and flat aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were counted in the intestine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HMF increased the number of small intestinal adenomas (p=0.033), whereas SMF increased the flat ACF number in the large intestine (p=0.025). Treatment with HMF and SMF had no effect on the size of the adenomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that both HMF and SMF are weak intestinal carcinogens in Min/+ mice.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Husøy
authors.forename: Hansruedi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Glatt
authors.forename: Jan Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009336:Necrosis; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C090107:5-sulfooxymethylfurfural; D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D002273:Carcinogens; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde