title: Self-injurious behaviour in Cornelia de Lange syndrome: 2. Association with environmental events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-injurious behaviour is commonly seen in Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). However, there has been limited research into the aetiology of self-injury in CdLS and whether environmental factors influence the behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  We observed the self-injury of 27 individuals with CdLS and 17 participants who did not have CdLS matched for age, gender, level of intellectual disability and mobility. Descriptive analyses were used to determine the extent to which environmental events were associated with self-injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lag sequential analysis of the association between self-injurious behaviour and environmental events revealed no differences between the two groups in terms of either the number or degree of environmental associations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the associations between the environment and self-injury in CdLS do not differ from those seen in the broader population of people with intellectual disability. By implication the social reinforcement hypothesis is equally applicable to both groups.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sloneem
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arron
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oliver
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003635:De Lange Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012056:Reinforcement, Social; D012307:Risk Factors; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012931:Social Environment; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult