title: The spectrum of vascular involvement in giant-cell arteritis: clinical consequences of detrimental vascular remodelling at different sites.
abstract: Although repeatedly reported in the literature, the extracranial involvement by giant-cell arteritis has been considered anecdotal until recent years. The emergence of new or improved imaging techniques along with a closer follow-up of these patients and their increase in life expectancy are beginning to underline that the clinical impact of extracranial involvement by GCA may be more relevant than previously thought. This review focuses on the extent of vascular involvement in GCA as reported by pathology and imaging studies as well as the clinical consequences of imperfect vascular remodelling in various vascular territories.
authors.affiliation: Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, and IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. mccid@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cid
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prieto-González
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arguis
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Espígol-Frigolé
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Butjosa
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segarra
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000473:pathology; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000473:pathology; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000473:pathology; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000473:pathology