Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and cellular mechanisms of myopathy.
Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy is a common side effect of chronic glucocorticoid therapy. Several mechanisms are currently being examined as ways in which glucocorticoid-induced myopathy occurs. These include apoptotic signaling through mitochondrial-mediated and Fas-mediated apoptosis, the role of the proteosome, the suppression of the IGF-1 signaling, and the role of ceramide in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and myopathy. It is difficult to differentiate which mechanism may be the initiating event responsible for the induction of apoptosis; however, all of the mechanisms play a vital role in glucocorticoid-induced myopathy.
Dirks-Naylor
Amie J
AJ
Wingate University, School of Pharmacy, Wingate, NC 28174, United States. anaylor@wingate.edu
Griffiths
Carrie L
CL
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
D002518:Ceramides; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D019014:fas Receptor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex