title: Augmentation effect of combination therapy of aripiprazole and antidepressants on forced swimming test in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A deficiency in brain monoamine systems (serotonin, dopamine, and/or norepinephrine) have long been hypothesized for the pathogenesis of depression. Drugs enhancing neurotransmission of those monoamines have been proven to have antidepressant effects. We hypothesized that aripiprazole, a partial D(2) agonist, could increase the activity of various antidepressants in the mice forced swimming test (FST), an animal model of depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The scope of this study was to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of aripiprazole, when combined with conventional antidepressants drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study assessed the effects of co-administration of aripiprazole with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; sertraline, paroxetine, and citalopram), selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs; venlafaxine and minalcipran), selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI; desipramine), and the dual dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (bupropion), using the FST in mice. Subactive doses of aripiprazole and antidepressants sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, venlafaxine, minalcipran, bupropion (4 and 8 mg/kg), and desipramine (2 and 4 mg/kg) were given i.p. 30 and 45 min, respectively, before the test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aripiprazole (0.03 and 0.06 mg/kg) combined with inactive doses of antidepressants, increased the activity of all antidepressants with the exception of bupropion and desipramine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The augmentation effects of aripiprazole, in the present study, are in agreement with clinical evidence suggesting that aripiprazole may enhance the efficacy of therapeutic effect of SSRIs and SNRIs but not of NRI. These results suggest that augmentation effect of aripiprazole only appears when 5-HT system is activated and might implicate complex regulation between dopamine and 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors.
authors.affiliation: EA 3256 Neurobiologie de l'anxiété et de la dépression, Faculté de Médecine 1, rue Gaston Veil, BP 53508, 44035, Nantes cedex 01, France. Michel.Bourin@univ-nantes.fr
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bourin
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chenu
authors.forename: Corina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prica
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hascoët
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D015363:Quinolones; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors