title: High frequency of clinically significant mutations after first-line generic highly active antiretroviral therapy failure: implications for second-line options in resource-limited settings.
abstract: Continuation of failed highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens can lead to the accumulation of mutations that may limit options for second-line treatment. We studied the pattern of drug resistance mutations among 138 Indian patients who experienced failure of nonnucleotide reverse-transcriptase-containing first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy. This study demonstrates a high frequency of drug resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected Indians who experience immunologic treatment failure and suggests the need for viral load monitoring.
authors.affiliation: YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education, VHS, Chennai, India. kumarasamy@yrgcare.org
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumarasamy
authors.forename: Vidya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Madhavan
authors.forename: Kartik K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saravanan
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kantor
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: Bella
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devaleenal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poongulali
authors.forename: Tokugha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yepthomi
authors.forename: Suniti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schooley
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents