title: Methylation analysis of SFRP genes family in cervical adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aberrant activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is common in human cancers. Recently, we have shown that secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) are frequently methylated in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Furthermore, reexpression of SFRP1 and SFRP2 could suppress tumor cell transformation and invasion. Here, we want to further investigate the methylation status and function of SFRPs in adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methylation status of SFRPs was assessed in 23 adenocarcinomas (AC), and 45 normal control swabs by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and bisulfite sequencing. Then, we used reexpression of SFRP5 in cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa3rd and CaSki, to study the role of SFRP5 in cervical adenocarcinoma by colony formation and invasion assays. Finally, we checked whether SFRP5 could repress the expression of Wnt/beta-catenin downstream genes by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of SFRP genes promoter hypermethylation in adenocarcinoma of cervix samples was 52.2% (12/23), 82.6% (19/23), 65.2% (15/23), and 73.9% (17/23), for SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, and SFRP5, respectively. The frequency of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, and SFRP5 promoter methylation in adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than in normal control samples (P < 0.001). Restoration of SFRP5 suppressed colony formation and invasive ability and inhibited expression of Wnt/beta-catenin downstream genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that promoter hypermethylation of SFRPs is associated with cervical adenocarcinoma, which could be used for molecular screening of cervical adenocarcinoma in the future. Moreover, SFRP5 inhibits cervical tumorigenesis through interfering Wnt pathway in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min-Chuan East Road, Taipei 114, Taiwan. ndmc.yawen@msa.hinet.net
authors.forename: Ya-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ming-Tzeung
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hung-Cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Yan
authors.forename: Yu-Leung
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Cheng-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Mu-Hsien
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000094742:Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D005136:Eye Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C117636:SFRP1 protein, human; D000094742:Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins; C118511:SFRP5 protein, human