Experimental and model-based approaches to studying mixing in coating pans.
The focus of this study was the determination of mixing patterns and rates inside a cylindrical coating pan. The research for this study was divided into two parts. The first part examined the mixing pattern and the movement of tablets inside of a coating pan experimentally. The second part consisted of using a DEM (Discrete Element Model) simulation to evaluate mixing in the coating pan in silico. Mixing was investigated as a function of the rate of rotation of the pan and the number of revolutions. Mixing rates were measured in two directions--axial--from the front of the unit to the back of the unit along its axis and radial/angular--in the plane orthogonal to its axis. Radial/angular mixing was faster than axial mixing--the coating pan was found to be well-mixed across the axis within 2-8 revolutions as compared to 16-32 revolutions needed for the pan to be well-mixed along the axis. The DEM simulation used for this study is capable of predicting how fast the tablets mix in the coating pan. It does so by explicitly modeling the motion of individual tablets in the unit. Model predictions were verified by comparing the simulated mixing in the coating pan to the experiments. The simulated mixing process is found to be slightly slower than the experimentally observed mixing, which means that the simulations give a conservative estimate of mixing rates. The model can also be used to calculate the residence time distribution of the tablets in a spray zone of a given area.
Fichana
Daniel
D
Pharmaceutical Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, USA.
Marchut
Alexander J
AJ
Ohlsson
Pernille H
PH
Chang
Shih-Ying
SY
Lyngberg
Olav
O
Dougherty
Jeffrey
J
Kiang
San
S
Stamato
Howard
H
Chaudhuri
Bodhisattwa
B
Muzzio
Fernando
F
D003198:Computer Simulation; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009038:Motion; D012399:Rotation; D013607:Tablets; D013997:Time Factors
D013607:Tablets