title: Neferine enhances insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neferine was isolated from green seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn which has been used as an anti-obesity agent in traditional Chinese herbal medicine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to investigate the effects of neferine on enhancing insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant rats compared with rosiglitazone and to potentially reveal its role in mediating the anti-obesity properties of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (FINS), triglycerides (TG) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured, and the oral glucose tolerance test for 2-h plasma glucose level (2-h PG) was carried out. The glucose infusion rate (GIR) was used to measure the insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of FBG, FINS, TG, TNF-alpha and 2-h PG all decreased significantly in the rosiglitazone and neferine groups compared with the insulin resistance (IR) model group. Neferine diminished the 2-h PG more than did rosiglitazone treatment. Compared to the IR model group, the treatments of neferine and rosiglitazone remarkably increased GIRs but no difference between these two treatments themselves was evident.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that neferine has effects similar to rosiglitazone in decreasing fasting blood glucose, insulin, TG, TNF-alpha and enhancing insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant rats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Fungi and Phyto-Biotech, Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Baochang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Kelin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shuyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044182:Benzylisoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D031653:Nelumbo / Q000737:chemistry*; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D012639:Seeds; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D044182:Benzylisoquinolines; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; C057222:neferine