title: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-monoamine oxidase B-mediated cell death-induced by ethanol is prevented by rasagiline and 1-R-aminoindan.
abstract: The inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) are effectively used as therapeutic drugs for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. However, their mechanism of action is not clear, since the neuroprotective effect of MAO B inhibitors is associated with the blockage of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-death cascade, rather than the inhibition of MAO B. Here, we provide evidence that GAPDH potentiates the ethanol-induced activity of MAO B and brain cell toxicity. The levels of nuclear GAPDH and MAO B activity are significantly increased in brain-derived cell lines upon 75 mM ethanol-induced cell death. Over-expression of GAPDH in cells enhances ethanol-induced cell death, and also increases the ethanol-induced activation of MAO B. In contrast, the MAO B inhibitors rasagiline and selegiline (0.25 nM) and the rasagiline metabolite, 1-R-aminoindan (1 muM) decreases the ethanol-induced MAO B, prevents nuclear translocation of GAPDH and reduces cell death. In addition, GAPDH interacts with transforming growth factor-beta-inducible early gene (TIEG2), a transcriptional activator for MAO B, and this interaction is increased in the nucleus by ethanol but reduced by MAO B inhibitors and 1-R-aminoindan. Furthermore, silencing TIEG2 using RNAi significantly reduces GAPDH-induced MAO B upregulation and neurotoxicity. In summary, ethanol-induced cell death, attenuated by MAO B inhibitors, may result from disrupting the movement of GAPDH with the transcriptional activator into the nucleus and secondly inhibit MAO B gene expression. Thus, the neuroprotective effects of rasagiline or 1-R-aminoindan on ethanol-induced cell death mediated by a novel GAPDH-MAO B pathway may provide a new insight in the treatment of neurobiological diseases including alcohol-use disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology & Behavioral Research, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (G-109), University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA. xou@psychiatry.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Deyin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Moussa B H
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Youdim
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajkowska
authors.forename: Jean C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D047468:Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods; D007189:Indans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; C115117:KLF11 protein, human; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C116915:aminoindanol; C031967:rasagiline; D000431:Ethanol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase