Human body burdens of chemicals used in plastic manufacture.
In the last decades, the availability of sophisticated analytical chemistry techniques has facilitated measuring trace levels of multiple environmental chemicals in human biological matrices (i.e. biomonitoring) with a high degree of accuracy and precision. As biomonitoring data have become readily available, interest in their interpretation has increased. We present an overview on the use of biomonitoring in exposure and risk assessment using phthalates and bisphenol A as examples of chemicals used in the manufacture of plastic goods. We present and review the most relevant research on biomarkers of exposure for phthalates and bisphenol A, including novel and most comprehensive biomonitoring data from Germany and the United States. We discuss several factors relevant for interpreting and understanding biomonitoring data, including selection of both biomarkers of exposure and human matrices, and toxicokinetic information.
Koch
Holger M
HM
BGFA-Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. koch@bgfa.ruhr-uni-bochum.de
Calafat
Antonia M
AM
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001822:Body Burden; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds