title: Cooperative interaction of monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids on the in vitro human skin permeation of complex composed essential oils.
abstract: For essential oils, several biological effects such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and blood-circulation-enhancing properties have been described. The method of application depends on the pathophysiology, the desired outcome, safety, and toxicity data. For treating respiratory symptoms and nervous disorders, inhalation may be the best means of application, whereas topical application is the best way for treating skin diseases. For dermal application, percutaneous absorption of essential oil and oil components is of great interest. Essential oils are complex mixtures of different volatile substances. So, the question is raised whether all components of a complex composed essential oil are equivalent with respect to their human skin permeation. By means of artificial mixtures of different essential oil ingredients, we investigated the cooperative effect of monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids on the permeation through heat-separated human skin epidermis in static Franz-Diffusion Cells. Limonene showed an enhancing effect on the permeation of citronellol and eugenol. Both alpha-pinene and myrcene increased the apparent permeability ( P(app)) value of phenylethanol. beta-Pinene had an enhancing effect on the permeation behaviour of methyleugenol but not of geraniol. The investigations clearly show that cooperative effects of single essential oil components may influence percutaneous essential oil absorption.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Ulrich F
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Leonhard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Doebler
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reichling
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D002460:Cell Line; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010539:Permeability; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts