title: In situ chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells in a TGF-beta1 loaded fibrin-poly(lactide-caprolactone) nanoparticulate complex.
abstract: When conducting cartilage tissue engineering with stem cells, it is well known that chemical and physical stimulations are very important for the induction and maintenance of chondrogenesis. In this study, we induced chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) in situ by effective stimulation via the continuous controlled release of TGF-beta1 from a heparin-functionalized nanoparticle-fibrin-poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) complex. PLCL scaffolds were fabricated with 85% porosity and 300-500 microm pore size by a gel-pressing method. Heparin-functionalized nanoparticles were prepared by a solvent-diffusion method, composed of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), Pluronic F-127, and heparin, and then TGF-beta1 was loaded to the nanoparticles. A mixture of hASCs, fibrin gels and TGF-beta1 loaded nanoparticles was then seeded onto PLCL scaffolds and cultured in vitro, after which they were subcutaneously implanted into nude mice for up to five weeks. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that chondrogenic differentiation of the hASCs on the complex was induced and sustained by continuous stimulation by TGF-beta1 from the heparin-functionalized nanoparticles. In addition, there was no significant difference between the predifferentiation condition prior to incubation in chondrogenic medium and the proliferation condition, which suggests that in situ chondrogenic differentiation of hASCs was induced by the TGF-beta1 loaded nanoparticles. Consequently, the hybridization of fibrin and PLCL scaffolds for three-dimensional spatial organization of cells and the effective delivery of TGF-beta1 using heparin-functionalized nanoparticles can induce hASCs to differentiate to a chondrogenic lineage and maintain their phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 136-650, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngmee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Yong-Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Sang Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Giyoong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tae
authors.forename: Young Ha
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rhie
authors.forename: Sang-Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011091:Polyesters; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C062968:lactide-caprolactone copolymer; D005337:Fibrin