title: Electrochemical sensor for multiplex biomarkers detection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multiplexing assay of biomarkers at the point-of-care is an elusive goal for molecular diagnostics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we report an electrochemical (EC) sensor for oral cancer detection based on the simultaneous detection of two salivary biomarkers: interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA and IL-8 protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under the multiplexing mode, the limit of detection of salivary IL-8 mRNA reaches to 3.9 fM and 7.4 pg/mL for IL-8 protein in saliva. Multiplex assay of these 2 biomarkers directly from 28 cancer and 28 matched control saliva samples shows significant difference between the two groups. From the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the EC sensor yields around 90% sensitivity and specificity for both IL-8 mRNA and IL-8 protein, which are very close to the data measured by traditional assays (ELISA and PCR) with the same group of saliva. Combined IL-8 mRNA and protein show better AUC compared with single biomarker.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We show, for the first time, concurrently multiplexing detection of salivary mRNA and protein biomarkers using point-of-care EC sensor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Prabhudas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Kishore
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arellano-Garcia
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elashoff
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shilin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Franky
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Chih-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012372:ROC Curve; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020382:Interleukin-18; D012333:RNA, Messenger