title: A systematic evaluation of factors associated with nocturia--the population-based FINNO study.
abstract: In a case-control study with prevalence sampling, the authors explored the correlates for nocturia and their population-level impact. In 2003-2004, questionnaires were mailed to 6,000 subjects (aged 18-79 years) randomly identified from the Finnish Population Register (62.4% participated; 53.7% were female). Questionnaires contained items on medical conditions, medications, lifestyle, sociodemographic and reproductive factors, urinary symptoms, and snoring. Nocturia was defined as > or =2 voids/night. In age-adjusted analyses, factors associated with nocturia were entered into a multivariate model. Backward elimination was used to select variables for the final model, with adjustment for confounding. Although numerous correlates were identified, none affected > or =50% of nocturia cases of both sexes. The factors with the greatest impact at the population level were (urinary) urgency (attributable number/1,000 subjects (AN) = 24), benign prostatic hyperplasia (AN = 19), and snoring (AN = 16) for men and overweight and obesity (AN = 40), urgency (AN = 24), and snoring (AN = 17) for women. Moreover, correlates included prostate cancer and antidepressant use for men, coronary artery disease and diabetes for women, and restless legs syndrome and obesity for both sexes. Although several correlates were identified, none accounted for a substantial proportion of the population burden, highlighting the multifactorial etiology of nocturia.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Institute HUCH Ltd/Tutkijatilat H3011, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki, Finland. kari.tikkinen@fimnet.fi
authors.forename: Kari A O
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tikkinen
authors.forename: Anssi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Auvinen
authors.forename: Theodore M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Tapani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keränen
authors.forename: Aila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiitinen
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Polo
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Partinen
authors.forename: Teuvo L J
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tammela
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053158:Nocturia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012913:Snoring / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents