title: Impact of insertion depth and predrilling diameter on primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that the impact of the insertion depth and predrilling diameter have no effect on the primary stability of mini-implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve ilium bone segments of pigs were embedded in resin. After implant site preparation with different predrilling diameters (1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 mm), Dual Top Screws 1.6 x 10 mm (Jeil, Korea) were inserted with three different insertion depths (7.5, 8.5, and 9.5 mm). The insertion torque was recorded to assess primary stability. In each bone, five Dual Top Screws were used as a reference to compensate for the differences of local bone quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both insertion depth and predrilling diameter influenced the measured insertion torques distinctively: the mean insertion torque for the insertion depth of 7.5 mm was 51.62 Nmm (+/-25.22); for insertion depth of 8.5 mm, 65.53 Nmm (+/-29.99); and for the insertion depth of 9.5 mm, 94.38 Nmm (+/-27.61). The mean insertion torque employing the predrill 1.0 mm was 83.50 Nmm (+/-33.56); for predrill 1.1 mm, 77.50 Nmm (+/-27.54); for the predrill 1.2 mm, 61.70 Nmm (+/-28.46); and for the predrill 1.3 mm, 53.10 (+/-32.18). All differences were highly statistically significant (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis is rejected. Higher insertion depths result in higher insertion torques and thus primary stability. Larger predrilling diameters result in lower insertion torques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Duessseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. wilmes@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Benedict
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilmes
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drescher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007085:Ilium / Q000601:surgery; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants