title: Beyond antiepidermal growth factor receptors and antiangiogenesis strategies for nonsmall cell lung cancer: exploring a new frontier.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Integrating targeted therapies against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and angiogenesis pathways into standard treatment paradigms for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been successful, but not yet curative. Two treatment strategies, in development, seem particularly appealing for further study: insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition. Several lines of evidence suggest that these novel approaches may play a relevant role in the future treatment of NSCLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preliminary results of a phase II trial combining an anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody with platinum-based chemotherapy in untreated NSCLC patients have shown an encouraging response rate, particularly in those with squamous cell carcinoma, where IGFR expression is typically high. Recent data also support the clinical development of HDAC inhibitors as a strategy to counter epigenetic gene silencing and transcriptional repression of key anticancer genes. Moreover, research efforts are focusing on identifying predictive markers to appropriately select patients for maximal therapeutic benefit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we briefly review data regarding anti-EGFR and antiangiogenesis agents before discussing the potential roles for IGF-1R and HDAC inhibitors in NSCLC management, and the need for optimizing treatment by seeking a more personalized approach to care.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Davis Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. randeep.sangha@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Randeep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sangha
authors.forename: Primo N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gandara
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017451:Receptors, Somatomedin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D017451:Receptors, Somatomedin; D066246:ErbB Receptors