title: Foxd3 controls melanophore specification in the zebrafish neural crest by regulation of Mitf.
abstract: We describe a mechanistic model whereby Foxd3, a forkhead transcription factor, prevents neural crest-derived precursors from acquiring a melanophore fate. Foxd3 regulates this fate choice by repressing the mitfa promoter in a subset of neural crest cells. mitfa is only expressed in a Foxd3-negative subset of neural crest cells, and foxd3 mutants show an increase in the spatial domain of mitfa expression, thereby suggesting that Foxd3 limits the mitfa domain. Furthermore, foxd3:gfp transgenic zebrafish reveal foxd3 expression in xanthophore precursors and iridophores, but not in terminally differentiated melanophores. Luciferase experiments and embryo mRNA injections indicate Foxd3 acts directly on the mitfa promoter to negatively regulate mitfa expression. Taken together, our data suggests the presence of Foxd3 in a subset of precursors leads to mitfa repression and suppression of melanophore fate. MITF, the human mitfa ortholog, has recently been described as an oncogene and implicated in various forms of melanoma. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate mitfa and melanophore development could prove informative in the treatment and prevention of these human diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Raible
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lister
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D008547:Melanophores / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C491002:foxd3 protein, zebrafish; C497237:mitfa protein, zebrafish