title: Avulsion of the hamstring muscle group: a follow-up of 6 adult non-athletes with early operative treatment: a brief report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complete proximal avulsions of the hamstring muscle group may cause significant morbidity and loss of function. These pelvis-near musculoskeletal injuries are mostly acquired during sports activities in a hip flexion and knee extension. Here we present a study group of 6 middle-aged to elderly patients suffering a complete proximal hamstring avulsion and following early surgical refixation. Early surgical refixation leads to complete resumption of the activities of daily life without loss of function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 6 patients (3 men and 3 women) included in this study had an average age of 59.07 +/- 4.47 years at the time of injury. All of them suffered a complete avulsion of the hamstring muscle group. Surgical refixation was accomplished with the corkscrew anchor refixation system (Arthrex Manufacturing, Inc., Naples, FL). The cases were retrospectively analyzed using a hip joint evaluation system, the Harris Hip Score, and radiological follow-up by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data are given as mean +/- SEM. Student's t-test was used for normal distribution of the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up time was 31.83 +/- 18.9 months (range: 10-118 months). All patients were rated not to have a significant difference in function compared with the uninjured side. None of the patients suffered any handicaps resulting from surgery or the injury. A complete consolidation in all patients was observed in the follow-up MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early surgical intervention and subsequent therapy in a complete hamstring avulsion injury may prevent loss of hip-joint stability and prevent the sequelae of degradative hip or vertebral events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland. ladislav.mica@usz.ch
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mica
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwaller
authors.forename: Christoferos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stoupis
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Penka
authors.forename: Jindrich
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vomela
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vollenweider
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013848:Thigh; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography