title: Intermediate-term oncological outcomes of hand-assisted laparoscopic versus open bilateral nephroureterectomy for dialysis and kidney transplant patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcomes of hand-assisted laparoscopic bilateral nephroureterectomy (HALBNU) for dialysis and kidney transplant patients with clinically localized upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC) with those achieved by open bilateral nephroureterectomy (OBNU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 2006, 49 patients under dialysis or after kidney transplantation underwent simultaneous bilateral nephroureterectomy for clinically presumed localized UUT-UC at our institute. Of those, 33 underwent HALBNU and 16 received conventional open surgery. Perioperative and pathological data and oncological outcomes were collected by chart review. Bladder recurrence, metastasis, and cancer-specific and overall survival were analyzed and compared between both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up for HALBNU and OBNU group was 35 and 46 months, respectively. Totally, 40 patients were identified to have pathologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract. HALBNU group was associated with less blood loss, earlier bowel recovery, less narcotic use, shorter hospital stay, and earlier convalescence. The operative time and complication rate were comparable between the two groups. There was no open conversion in the HALBNU group. The two groups were similar in regard to bladder recurrence rate. The overall, cancer-specific, and bladder-recurrence-free survival were also equivalent between the HALBNU and OBNU group (all p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In dialysis and kidney transplant patients with localized UUT-UC, simultaneous bilateral nephroureterectomy with hand-assisted laparoscopic approach offered less perioperative morbidity and, most importantly, comparable intermediate-term oncological and survival results when compared with its open counterpart. A longer follow-up is required to demonstrate the oncological efficacy of this minimally invasive procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huai-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Ming-Kuen
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Shiu-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kuo-How
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shih-Chieh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chueh
authors.forename: Hong-Jeng
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011182:Postoperative Care; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*