title: Safety at work in cold environments and prevention of cold stress.
abstract: The questions related to safety at work in cold environments and prevention of cold stress in working life are described in this article. Working in the cold environment is more dangerous than the same type of work in a warmer climate. All researchers have concluded that the frequency of accidents/versus temperature curves follow the U-shape with the minimum near 20 degrees C. The effects of low temperature can be divided into direct, typically frostbites, and indirect, of which the indirect effects, typically slipping accidents, are more common. In improving risk management in cold conditions the risk evaluation based on existing standards is the starting point. Prevention of risks in cold environments can be done by planning of work, technical measures like heating or reduction of cooling by protective clothing, training and other measures. Local heaters, shelters against bad weather, reduction of draught are good examples of means of improving working conditions and reducing accident risks. The local IR-heaters can increase skin temperature of fingers about 7 degrees C in normal cold work. The improvement of 3 degrees C can be reached by using insulating material in the handle of tools. By using these technical improvements we can reduce the health risks but also improve work performance and even energy savings at work places.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Expertise for Work Environment Development, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anttonen
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pekkarinen
authors.forename: Juhani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niskanen
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016272:Occupational Health; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods