title: Comparison of effect of daily versus weekly iron supplementation during pregnancy on lipid peroxidation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of daily versus weekly iron supplementation on lipid peroxidation, hemoglobin levels and maternal and perinatal outcome in non-anemic pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 109 women randomly allocated into three groups, 90 completed the study. Group I (n = 30) received daily iron folic acid; Group II (n = 30) received weekly iron folic acid; Group III (n = 30) received daily iron (III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex. Hemoglobin levels, hematological indices, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione levels were measured at baseline (14-16 weeks) and at 30-34 weeks. Statistical analysis was done using the anova test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group I had a highly significant increase in TBARS level (0.61 +/- 0.26 micromol/L, P = 0.000) compared to groups II and III in which the change in TBARS was not significant (0.02 +/- 0.06 and 0.007 +/- 0.06 micromol/L, respectively). There was an insignificant fall in glutathione levels in all groups. There was no significant difference in the mean period of gestation, pregnancy complications and neonatal outcome between the three groups. Among 22.2% of women who were non-compliant, Group I had significantly higher incidence of non-compliance (P = 0.016) and side-effects (P = 0.001). Final hemoglobin was higher in Group I than II (11.9 +/- 1.2, 11.3 +/- 0.9, respectively, P = 0.041). The TBARS level was not statistically different between preterm and term deliveries. Nine out of 11 patients who developed hypertension during pregnancy had preeclampsia. The final TBARS level was significantly higher in these women (P = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily supplementation with ferrous sulphate results in greater lipid peroxidation than weekly supplementation, the latter is comparable with daily iron (III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex. Lipid peroxidation levels are significantly higher in preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India. nbhatla@aiims.ac.in
authors.forename: Neerja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhatla
authors.forename: Nivedita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Neena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: Alka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kriplani
authors.forename: Nutan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005865:Gestational Age; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006454:Hemoglobins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D005492:Folic Acid; D007501:Iron; D005978:Glutathione; C013276:teferrol