title: Traumatic diaphragmatic injuries in children: do they really mark the severity of injury? Our experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diaphragmatic injuries have been reported to be a predictor of serious associated injuries in trauma and a marker of severity. Because of its rarity in children, the diagnosis is often delayed for months and years, due to overshadowing injuries. Perhaps due to the elasticity of their tissues, traumatic diaphragmatic rupture is uncommon in children. The problem remains a challenging clinical entity and the description of such type of injuries in children remains scarce in the literature. Most of the cases are described along with associated injuries; presence of isolated diaphragmatic injuries in children is unusual. The present study highlights the presentation, diagnosis and management of all of the cases admitted with traumatic diaphragmatic injuries in a single pediatric surgical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied eight children admitted to our center with a diagnosis of diaphragmatic injury following trauma during a period of 5 years (2003-2008). Relevant information regarding the mode and pattern of injuries were noted in all cases. Type of injury and surgical intervention and outcome of patients were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of presentation was 6.8 years (range 2-12 years). Seven patients were males, while one patient was female. Seven patients had a history of blunt trauma abdomen some time back. Only one patient had acute presentation with respiratory distress following road traffic accident, rest of the patients had no associated grievous injury at the time of presentation. One patient presented with features of acute obstruction. All patients could be diagnosed preoperatively and surgical intervention was performed in all cases. The patients recovered well and there was no mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diaphragmatic injuries in children are rare. They are usually associated with other severe injuries; however, isolated diaphragmatic injuries occur more frequently in children than adults. A high index of clinical suspicion supported by prompt radiological tests is needed to diagnose these injuries in patients who otherwise have no associated grievous injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, CSMMU (Upgraded KGMC), Lucknow, India. doctrk@gmail.com
authors.forename: Tanvir Roshan
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Jiledar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.forename: Madhukar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maletha
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Kumar A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakhlu
authors.forename: Shiv Narain
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kureel
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*