title: Phosphorylation state defines discrete roles for monopolin in chromosome attachment and spindle elongation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unknown how oscillations in Cdk1 activity drive the dramatic changes in chromosome and spindle dynamics that occur at the metaphase/anaphase transition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe monopolin complex has distinct functions in metaphase and anaphase that are determined by the phosphorylation state of its Mde4 subunit. When Cdk1 activity is high in metaphase, Mde4 is hyperphosphorylated on Cdk1 phosphorylation sites and localizes to kinetochores. A nonphosphorylatable mutant of Mde4 does not localize to kinetochores, appears prematurely on the metaphase spindle, and interferes with spindle dynamics and chromosome segregation, illustrating the importance of Cdk1 phosphorylation in regulating metaphase monopolin activity. When Cdk1 activity drops in anaphase, dephosphorylation of Mde4 triggers monopolin localization to the mitotic spindle, where it promotes spindle elongation and integrity, coupling the late mitotic loss of Cdk1 activity to anaphase spindle dynamics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these findings illustrate how the sequential phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of monopolin helps ensure the orderly execution of discrete steps in mitosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Program in Cell Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
authors.forename: Sung Hugh
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Péli-Gulli
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mcleod
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkeshik
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Viesturs
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Simanis
authors.forename: Dannel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCollum
mesh_terms: D000705:Anaphase / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism; D008677:Metaphase / Q000502:physiology*; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; C439269:Clp1 protein, S. pombe; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases