title: Effect of aged garlic extract on wound healing: a new frontier in wound management.
abstract: Successful wound healing depends upon angiogenesis, and impaired angiogenesis is a hallmark of the chronic wounds encountered with diabetes and venous or arterial insufficiency. To intervene and improve wound closure, it is essential to investigate the effects of different natural remedies in wound healing. The chicken dorsum skin excisional wound assay was used to investigate the influence of different concentrations of aged garlic solution (AGS) on wound healing. Gross, histopathology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and computer-based three-dimensional (3D) image-probing techniques were utilized to determine the effects of AGS on wound closure, re-epithelialization, dermal matrix regeneration, and angiogenesis. Ninety chicks, aged 1 week and divided in 6 groups, were topically exposed to different concentrations of AGS for 6 days: control (group A), 1% (group B), 5% (group C), 10% (group D), 15% (group E), and skin lotion (group F). Different patterns, ranging from incomplete to almost complete wound closure, were observed among different groups with highly significant results (P < 0.001) in group E. Histological investigations revealed a positive augment in the re-epithelialization of all AGS exposed wounds. An increase in the number of new loosely packed collagen and maturation of collagen bundles was observed in all treated wounds at days 4 and 6 post-wounding, respectively. Similar results were achieved through SEM of treated wounds. Histological investigations revealed the profuse dose-dependent neovascularization among AGS-treated wounds. Abbott curve, angular spectrum, and different parameters of 3D surface roughness of wounds were also measured for the precise quantification of angiogenesis. A very highly significant (P < 0.001) increase in angiogenesis was observed among all treated groups. No significant change was observed among control and skin lotion-treated groups. These observations substantiate the beneficial use of AGS in the treatment of wounds. Additional studies are needed to study the specific wound-healing mechanisms of chemical, or group of chemicals, present in AGS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. se298@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ejaz
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chekarova
authors.forename: Jae Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seung Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shoaib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.forename: Chae Woong
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens; D020405:Dermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts