title: Sodium restriction improves the gustatory threshold for salty taste in patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Sodium restriction is important in the treatment of chronic kidney disease; however, it is sometimes difficult to achieve. Decreased taste sensitivity may be a factor influencing inadequate control of oral salt intake and subsequent high blood pressure. To measure this, the gustatory threshold (recognition and detection) for salty taste was determined in 29 patients with chronic kidney disease using a sodium-impregnated test strip and relevant factors determining taste sensitivity were analyzed. Compared with 11 healthy volunteers, recognition and detection thresholds were increased in the patients with chronic kidney disease. Oral sodium intake correlated positively but serum zinc correlated negatively with the recognition threshold. Patients with diabetic nephropathy had a higher detection threshold than non-diabetic patients. Both recognition and detection thresholds were increased in patients with diuretic administration. After 1 week of sodium restriction, the average recognition threshold decreased significantly. Our study verified that latent taste dysfunction and zinc deficiency are common in patients with chronic kidney disease. Further, the recognition threshold for salty taste improved even after a short period of salt restriction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. fwnk5760@mb.infoweb.ne.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusaba
authors.forename: Yasukiyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Okagaki
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Masami
authors.forename: Neriya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hiroko
authors.forename: Takaomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sugishita
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sonomura
authors.forename: Taikou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okigaki
authors.forename: Tsuguru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatta
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsubara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013649:Taste; D013652:Taste Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012964:Sodium; D015032:Zinc