title: Unplanned quit attempts--results from a U.S. sample of smokers and ex-smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditionally, smokers have been encouraged to prepare for cessation in advance of a preset quit date, with the expectation that preparation would improve their chance of success. However, a recent survey of U.K. smokers found that a substantial proportion of attempts involved no preplanning and that these spontaneous attempts were actually more likely to succeed. We set out to explore further the nature of unplanned quit attempts among U.S. smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred smokers and 800 ex-smokers were recruited from a market research database for an online survey and asked about the planning involved in their most recent attempt.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 39.7% of subjects reported that their most recent quit attempt involved no preplanning (smokers: 29.5%; ex-smokers: 52.4%). Subjects who made an unplanned quit attempt were more likely to be non-white, have no college education, report smoking their first cigarette of the day more than 30 min after waking, and report no use of pharmacotherapy during their quit attempt. Controlling for these variables, the odds of a "spontaneous" quit attempt lasting for 6 months or longer were twice that of preplanned attempts (71.7% vs. 45.6%; adjusted odds ratio = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.99-3.45). Similar results were seen in a survival analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest, similar to previous research, that a substantial proportion of quit attempts are unplanned and that such attempts can be a successful route to cessation. Given the frequency of such attempts, methods of making treatment available to assist unplanned quitting should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. sferguson@pinneyassociates.com
authors.forename: Stuart G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Saul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiffman
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gitchell
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sembower
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult