title: DNA nucleobase synthesis at Titan atmosphere analog by soft X-rays.
abstract: Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn, has an atmosphere chiefly made up of N(2) and CH(4) and includes traces of many simple organic compounds. This atmosphere also partly consists of haze and aerosol particles which during the last 4.5 gigayears have been processed by electric discharges, ions, and ionizing photons, being slowly deposited over the Titan surface. In this work, we investigate the possible effects produced by soft X-rays (and secondary electrons) on Titan aerosol analogs in an attempt to simulate some prebiotic photochemistry. The experiments have been performed inside a high vacuum chamber coupled to the soft X-ray spectroscopy beamline at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source, Campinas, Brazil. In-situ sample analyses were performed by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The infrared spectra have presented several organic molecules, including nitriles and aromatic CN compounds. After the irradiation, the brownish-orange organic residue (tholin) was analyzed ex-situ by gas chromatographic (GC/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) techniques, revealing the presence of adenine (C(5)H(5)N(5)), one of the constituents of the DNA molecule. This confirms previous results which showed that the organic chemistry on the Titan surface can be very complex and extremely rich in prebiotic compounds. Molecules like these on the early Earth have found a place to allow life (as we know) to flourish.
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Gávea, CEP 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. sergiopilling@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilling
authors.forename: Diana P P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Alvaro C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rittner
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naves de Brito
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D003485:Cyanates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008697:Methane / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D009570:Nitriles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D018539:Saturn; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D003485:Cyanates; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D009570:Nitriles; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D000225:Adenine; D009584:Nitrogen; D008697:Methane