title: Macular hole formation after macular haemorrhage associated with rupture of retinal arterial macroaneurysm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the frequency and risk factors of macular hole (MH) formation after rupture of a retinal arterial macroaneurysm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six eyes from 56 patients with rupture of a retinal arterial macroaneurysm with or without an MH (MH and non-MH groups, respectively) were reviewed. Frequency and risk factors related to MH formation were assessed, with risk factors including age; sex; distance from the macroaneurysm to the fovea; incidence of haemorrhages involving the macula such as preretinal, subinternal limiting membrane (sub-ILM), subretinal and vitreous; and vitreous surgery. MH formation in these patients was recorded and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 56 eyes reviewed, seven (12.5%) had an MH after rupture of the retinal arterial macroaneurysm. The incidence of subretinal and sub-ILM haemorrhages involving the macula was significantly greater in the MH group than in the non-MH group (p = 0.037 and 0.045, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the presence of subretinal and sub-ILM haemorrhages after rupture of a retinal arterial macroaneurysm may contribute to formation of an MH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sagara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawaji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koshiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inomata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanihara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012161:Retinal Artery; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity