title: Bicarbonate-regulated soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) mRNA expression and activity in peripheral chemoreceptors.
abstract: Peripheral arterial chemoreceptors in the carotid body (CB) are modulated by pH/CO(2). Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is directly stimulated by bicarbonate ions (HCO(3)). Because CO(2)/HCO(3) mediates depolarization in chemoreceptors, we hypothesized that sAC mRNA would be expressed in the CB, and its expression and function would be regulated by CO(2)/HCO(3).Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal days 16-17 were used to compare sAC mRNA gene expression between CB and non-chemosensitive tissues: superior cervical (SCG), petrosal (PG) and nodose ganglia (NG) by quantitative real time-PCR. Rat sAC gene expression was standardized to the expression of GAPDH (housekeeping gene) and the data were analyzed with the Pfaffl method. Gene and protein expression, and sAC regulation in the testis was used as a positive control. To determine the regulation of sAC mRNA expression and activity, all tissues were exposed to increasing concentrations of bicarbonate (0, 24, 44 mM, titrated with CO(2) and maintained a constant pH of 7.40).
  
  
  RESULTS
  sAC mRNA expression was between 2-11% of CB expression in the SCG, PG and NG. Furthermore, only in the CB did HCO(3) upregulate sAC gene expression and increase cAMP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sAC mRNA and protein expression is present in peripheral arterial chemoreceptors and non-chemoreceptors. In the CB, CO(2)/HCO(3) not only activated sAC but also regulated its expression, suggesting that sAC may be involved in the regulation of cAMP levels in response to hyper/hypocapnia.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Gauda
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002344:Carotid Body / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases