title: New isoform HvNHX3 of vacuolar Na+/H+-antiporter in barley: expression and immunolocalization.
abstract: The gene HvNHX3 encoding a new isoform of vacuolar Na+/H+-antiporter was identified in barley. This gene is expressed in roots and leaves of barley seedlings, and it encodes a protein consisting of 541 amino acid residues with predicted molecular weight 59.7 kDa. It was found that by its amino acid sequence HvNHX3 is closest to the Na+/H+-antiporter HbNHX1 of wild type from Hordeum brevisibulatum that grows on salt-marsh (solonchak) soils (95% homology). The expression of HvNHX3 during salt stress is increased several-fold in roots and leaves of barley seedlings. At the same time, the amount of HvNHX3 protein in roots does not change, but in leaves it increases significantly. It was shown using HvNHX3 immunolocalization in roots that this protein is present in all tissues, but in control plants it was clustered and in experimental plants after salt stress it was visualized as small granules. It has been proposed that HvNHX3 is converted into active form during declusterization. The conversion of HvNHX3 into its active form along with its quantitative increase in leaves during salt stress activates Na+/H+-exchange across the vacuolar membrane and Na+ release from cytoplasm, and, as a consequence, an increase of salt stress tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Agricultural Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127550, Russia.
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Roslyakova
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lazareva
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Kononenko
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Babakov
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D055049:Salt Tolerance; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers