title: A short 4-cm oesophageal myotomy relieves the obstructive symptoms of achalasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Controversy still persists regarding the ideal length of myotomy to treat oesophageal achalasia. This investigation reports the effects of a short myotomy with an added partial fundoplication for reflux prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1997 to 2007, 22 patients (13 men, 9 women, median age: 41 years) with achalasia underwent a 6-cm short myotomy (four oesophagus and two stomach) with a Belsey partial fundoplication by left thoracotomy. Assessments include clinical and radiological evaluation, radionuclide transit studies, manometry, 24-h pH and endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No morbidity and no mortality occurred. Median follow-up is 54 months (range: 4-139 months). Dysphagia present in all 22 patients left an episodic slow emptying sensation in three patients after operation (p<0.001). Fresh food regurgitation decreased significantly after the myotomy (17 pre-, four post-regurgitation, p<0.001). Heartburn present in four patients before the operation was recorded in nine patients postoperatively (p=0.179). Radiologically, barium stasis decreased significantly from 85% to 30% (p=0.007). No diverticular formation was seen in the myotomy zone. On the oesophageal scintigram, stasis at 2 min decreased from a median of 60% before the operation to 16% (p<0.001). The lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) gradient decreased from 30 to 9.7 mmHg (p<0.001). LOS relaxation improved from 40% pre- to 93% postoperatively (p=0.003). Endoscopies and biopsies documented increased mucosal damage after the operation (one preoperative, 13 postoperative; p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When treating achalasia, the myotomy, despite being shortened in length, reduces the LOS gradient, relieves obstructive symptoms and improves oesophageal emptying. The LOS relaxation is improved. Complete coverage of the myotomysed zone by the fundus prevents diverticular formation. Oesophageal mucosal damage from reflux is significant despite the partial fundoplication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Université de Montréal, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Pavillon Lachapelle, Suite D-8051, 1580 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, CH2L 4M1, Canada.
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Almarhabi
authors.forename: Xavier Benoît
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: D'Journo
authors.forename: Long-Qi
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jocelyne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duranceau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower / Q000601:surgery*; D050782:Esophageal pH Monitoring; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000379:methods; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult