title: Physical exercise-induced cardiovascular adjustments are modulated by muscarinic cholinoceptors within the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus.
abstract: The effects of blocking ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) muscarinic cholinoceptors on cardiovascular responses were investigated in running rats. Animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and fitted with bilateral cannulae into the VMH. After recovering from surgery, the rats were familiarized to running on a treadmill. The animals then had a polyethylene catheter implanted into the left carotid artery to measure blood pressure. Tail skin temperature (T(tail)), heart rate, and systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure were measured after bilateral injections of 0.2 microl of 5 x 10(-9) mol methylatropine or 0.15 M NaCl solution into the hypothalamus. Cholinergic blockade of the VMH reduced time to fatigue by 31 % and modified the temporal profile of cardiovascular and T(tail) adjustments without altering their maximal responses. Mean arterial pressure peak was achieved earlier in methylatropine-treated rats, which also showed a 2-min delay in induction of tail skin vasodilation, suggesting a higher sympathetic tonus to peripheral vessels. In conclusion, muscarinic cholinoceptors within the VMH are involved in a neuronal pathway that controls exercise-induced cardiovascular adjustments. Furthermore, blocking of cholinergic transmission increases sympathetic outflow during the initial minutes of exercise, and this higher sympathetic activity may be responsible for the decreased performance.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Wanner
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: La Guardia
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Haibara
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Marubayashi
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.forename: N R V
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001286:Atropine Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology*; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D013623:Tail; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014697:Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001286:Atropine Derivatives; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; C006649:methylatropine