title: Comparison between the analgesic effects of morphine and tramadol delivered epidurally in cats receiving a standardized noxious stimulation.
abstract: This study compared the analgesic effects of epidural tramadol versus morphine in six healthy cats. Under general anesthesia, each cat received an epidural injection of saline 0.22 ml/kg (control treatment, CT), tramadol 1mg/kg (tramadol treatment, TT), or morphine 0.1mg/kg (morphine treatment, MT). After cats had recovered from anesthesia a simple descriptive scale (SDS), visual analog scale (VAS) and physiological parameters (respiratory and heart rate) were used to assess analgesia level to a noxious stimulus (base of the tail skin fold clamping) at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12h post-epidural. Group TT had a higher SDS and VAS score when compared to MT at 8, 10 and 12h post-epidural. CT had higher SDS and VAS score at all time points when compared to TT and MT. In conclusion both morphine and tramadol provided analgesia in this model for the first 6h; with epidural morphine resulting in longer lasting analgesia when compared to tramadol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 km7, Instituto de Veterinária - DMCV, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Marta F A
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Andre C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Pedro P A
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: Marcos V M
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Paulo O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Scherer
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000662:veterinary*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009619:Nociceptors; D010146:Pain / Q000662:veterinary*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000662:veterinary*; D012016:Reference Values; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014147:Tramadol; D009020:Morphine