title: Retinoic acid inhibits dendritic cell differentiation driven by interleukin-4.
abstract: All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) appears to affect Th1-Th2 differentiation and its effects on immune responses might also be mediated by dendritic cell (DC). Nonetheless, studies have been showing contradictory results since was observed either induction or inhibition of DC differentiation. Our aim was to investigate atRA action on human monocyte derived DC differentiation. For this purpose we tested pharmacological and physiological doses of atRA with or without cytokines. Cell phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry and function was investigated by phagocytosis and respiratory burst. DC, positive control group, was differentiated with GM-CSF and IL-4 and maturated with TNF-alpha. We demonstrated that atRA effects depend on the dose used as pharmacological doses inhibited expression of all phenotypic markers tested while a physiological dose caused cell differentiation. However, atRA combined or not with cytokines did not promote DC differentiation. In fact, atRA was detrimental on IL-4 property as a DC inductor.
authors.affiliation: Genoa Biotechnology SA, Desembargador Eliseu de Almeida, 9th floor, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. jmscanavez@genoabiotec.com.br
authors.forename: Juliana Moreira
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Sousa-Canavez
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Massoco
authors.forename: Dewton
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Moraes-Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Elaine Cristina
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Corneta
authors.forename: Katia Ramos Moreira
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Luiz Heraldo
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Camara-Lopes
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007641:Keratolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007641:Keratolytic Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D014212:Tretinoin; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor