title: Chloroform extract of cigarette smoke induces proliferation of human esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cells: modulation by beta-adrenoceptors.
abstract: The present study aimed to delineate the actions of cigarette smoke extracts on esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cell growth in vitro. Both chloroform- and ethanol-extracts from cigarette smoke stimulated human esophageal squamous carcinoma EC109 cell proliferation. Chloroform- and ethanol-extracts also upregulated beta-adrenoceptors expression in EC109 cells. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was increased by chloroform-extract. The stimulatory actions of chloroform-extract on cell proliferation and COX-2 expression were abolished by beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptor selective antagonists, implicating that COX-2 was downstream to the beta-adrenoceptors. Collectively, the promoting action of chloroform-extract from cigarette smoke on esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cell proliferation is beta-adrenoceptor- and COX-2-dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: William K K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Helen P S
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Shu Tian
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chi Hin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D001262:Atenolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D011412:Propanolamines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D012906:Smoke; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000431:Ethanol; C026777:ICI 118551; D001262:Atenolol; D002725:Chloroform; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; C012655:nimesulide