title: [Vertebral hemangioma of the posterior arch with subsequent extraosseous extension and neurological symptoms. Case report and literature review].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vertebral hemangioma is the most common benign spinal tumor and is found in 11% of postmortem studies as a slow-growing benign vascular malformation. It usually involves the vertebral body and sometimes the posterior vertebral elements. When the posterior elements are involved, spinal cord compression with neurological symptoms are seen more often. Vertebral hemangiomas exist as a continuum of manifestations and lesions ranging from the common asymptomatic forms to the rare compression lesion. Extraosseous extension of vertebral hemangioma with cord compression and neurological symptoms is a rare condition and represents a treatment challenge. Surgical options are open resection, embolization or vertebroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of a vertebral hemangioma with extraosseous extension to the spinal canal with an unusual size and osseous component in the posterior elements. This tumor caused neurological manifestations and was surgically treated with posterior decompression and stabilization with transpedicular screws and rods. Clinical outcome was good.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vertebral hemangioma is normally an asymptomatic benign lesion not requiring specific treatment. Only in a few cases is surgical treatment required. When neurological compromise is present, early treatment should be carried out before the presence of permanent paralysis.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación y Ortopedia, México, D. F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alpízar-Aguirre
authors.forename: Barón
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zárate-Kalfópulos
authors.forename: Luis Miguel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rosales-Olivares
authors.forename: Leticia del Carmen
authors.initials: Ldel C
authors.lastname: Baena-Ocampo
authors.forename: Alejandro Antonio
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Reyes-Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery