title: Increased production of proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue of patients with end-stage renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is rising and these patients are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease. We studied the role of hormonal production of adipose tissue in the development of chronic inflammation in patients with ESRD before kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen women with ESRD and 17 healthy women (control) underwent single blood drawing and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue sampling during surgery (kidney transplantation in the ESRD group or cholecystectomy in the control group). Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were measured. Messenger RNA expression of the same hormones, adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 and immunocompetent cell marker CD68 in subcutaneous and visceral samples were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Adipose tissue was examined immunohistochemically for CD68-positive cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were significantly higher in the ESRD versus control group. Subcutaneous and visceral mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and CD68 were significantly increased in the ESRD versus control group. Adiponectin receptor-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expressions were significantly higher in visceral but not in subcutaneous adipose tissue of the ESRD group. Messenger RNA expressions of resistin, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6, and adiponectin receptor-2 in both fat depots did not significantly differ between groups. Increased infiltration of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue with CD68-positive immunocompetent cells was found in the ESRD group by histologic examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues in ESRD express higher amounts of proinflammatory cytokines and may play a role in the development of systemic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roubicek
authors.forename: Marketa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartlova
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krajickova
authors.forename: Denisa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haluzikova
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mraz
authors.forename: Zdena
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lacinova
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kudla
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Teplan
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haluzik
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D052243:Resistin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin; D052243:Resistin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C475418:ADIPOR1 protein, human; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule