title: The relation of arterial stiffness with intrauterine growth retardation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Much epidemiological evidence has linked low birthweight with late cardiovascular risk. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adult life; it is unclear whether the relationship is present at younger ages. We evaluated whether abdominal aortic stiffness was altered in patients with IUGR (born at term with birthweight small for gestational age) in younger ages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two (24 girls and eight boys) IUGR children aged 8.77 +/- 2.05 years were enrolled in the study. The birthweight was traced from the medical records. Their gestational ages were 38.9 +/- 0.85 weeks and birthweights 2130 +/- 198 g, respectively. Thirty-one healthy subjects who had normal gestational age and birthweight, matched for age and sex were recruited as a control group. Aortic strain, pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep), and normalized Ep and aortic distensibility were measured by a sphygmomanometer and transthoracic echocardiography in all subjects from the abdominal aorta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference between the study and the control groups in sex, mean age, body mass index, lipid profile, leptin, insulin-like growth factor-1 or insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. In IUGR children, aortic strain (0.201 +/- 0.027 vs 0.254 +/- 0.031, P < 0.001) and aortic distensibility (1.08 +/- 0.19 vs 1.42 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) were significantly lower compared with the control group. However Ep (188 +/- 36.2 vs 146 +/- 27.1, P < 0.001) and normalized Ep (2.97 +/- 0.40 vs 2.1 +/- 0.39, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in IUGR patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that abdominal aortic stiffness is increased in IUGR patients. These data suggest that prenatal events could be related to cardiovascular risk in later life.
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ertürk
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levent
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Atik
authors.forename: Sükran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Darcan
authors.forename: Zülal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ulger
authors.forename: Damla
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gökşen
authors.forename: A Ruhi
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ozyürek
mesh_terms: D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*