Systematic review: non-invasive methods of fibrosis analysis in chronic hepatitis C.
BACKGROUND
Accurate determination of the presence and degree of liver fibrosis is essential for prognosis and for planning treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Non-invasive methods of assessing fibrosis have been developed to reduce the need for biopsy.


OBJECTIVE
To perform a review of these non-invasive measures and their ability to replace biopsy for assessing hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV.


METHODS
A systematic review of PUBMED and EMBASE was performed through 2008 using the following search terms: HCV, liver, elastography, hepatitis, Fibroscan, SPECT, noninvasive liver fibrosis, ultrasonography, Doppler, MRI, Fibrotest, Fibrosure, Actitest, APRI, Forns and breath tests, alone or in combination.


RESULTS
We identified 151 studies: 87 using biochemical, 57 imaging and seven breath tests either alone or in combination.


CONCLUSIONS
Great strides are being made in the development of accurate non-invasive methods for determination of fibrosis. Although no single non-invasive test or model developed to date can match that information obtained from actual histology (i.e. inflammation, fibrosis, steatosis), combinations of two modalities of non-invasive methods can reliably differentiate between minimal and significant fibrosis, and thereby avoid liver biopsy in a significant percentage of patients.
Smith
J O
JO
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA 23298-0341, USA.
Sterling
R K
RK
D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012737:Sex Factors
D015415:Biomarkers