title: Maternal protein deprivation: changes in systemic renin-angiotensin system of the mouse fetus.
abstract: We tested the hypothesis that maternal protein deprivation during gestation results in changes in expression of the systemic renin-angiotensin system in fetal mice. Fetal weight was decreased significantly as a consequence of 50% maternal protein deprivation during second half of gestation. In fetal liver, angiotensinogen protein expression was reduced significantly despite a significant increase in messenger RNA (mRNA). In fetal kidneys, both mRNA and protein levels of renin were increased significantly. In the lungs, we observed a decrease in both angiotensin-converting enzyme I and II mRNA expression, whereas protein expression of both isoforms was increased significantly. The fetal heart showed significant increases in expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT-1) and type 2 (AT-2) receptors mRNA. Protein expression of AT-1 receptors increased, while that of AT-2 receptors decreased. We conclude that maternal low-protein diet during gestation leads to significant changes in expression of the systemic renin-angiotensin system in fetal mice and may be important in the genesis of hypertension in the adult.
authors.affiliation: Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galffy
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Ciprian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Gheorghe
authors.forename: Ashwani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Longo
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D012083:Renin / Q000235:genetics; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C119712:Agtrap protein, mouse; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705328:Ace2 protein, mouse; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D012083:Renin