title: Assessment of arterial stiffness, oxidative stress and inflammation in acute kidney injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well know that arterial stiffness, oxidative stress and inflammation are features of chronic kidney disease. The arterial changes have a multitude of potential interconnected causes including endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. There is evidence that arterial stiffness becomes progressively worse as CKD progresses. The contribution of the biochemical changes of uremic toxicity to arterial stiffness is less clear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the vascular changes in acute kidney injury. We hypothesise that arterial stiffness will be increased during acute kidney injury and this will return to normal after kidney function recovers.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty four patients with acute kidney injury defined as an acute increase in serum creatinine to > 133 micromol/l or urea > 14.3 mmol/l or urine output < 410 ml/day will be recruited. Baseline measures of aortic pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and brachial and central blood pressure will be recorded along with blood measures for oxidative stress and inflammation. Repeat measures will be taken at six and 12 months after the onset of the acute kidney injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The role and contribution of the biochemical changes to arterial stiffness in the acute phase of kidney disease is not known. This study will primarily assess the time course changes in pulse wave velocity from the onset of acute kidney injury and after recovery. In addition it will assess augmentation index, central blood pressure and oxidative stress and inflammation. This may shed light on the contribution of biochemical kidney toxins on arterial stiffness in both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ACTRN 12609000285257.
authors.affiliation: Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia. rfassett@mac.com
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fassett
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Intini
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gowardman
authors.forename: Jay-Sen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sharman
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Coombes
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D004548:Elasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine