title: Time-reversal-invariant topological superconductors and superfluids in two and three dimensions.
abstract: We construct time-reversal invariant topological superconductors and superfluids in two and three dimensions. These states have a full pairing gap in the bulk, gapless counterpropagating Majorana states at the boundary, and a pair of Majorana zero modes associated with each vortex. The superfluid 3He B phase provides a physical realization of the topological superfluidity, with experimentally measurable surface states protected by the time-reversal symmetry. We show that the time-reversal symmetry naturally emerges as a supersymmetry, which changes the parity of the fermion number associated with each time-reversal invariant vortex and connects each vortex with its superpartner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, McCullough Building, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4045, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-Liang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Taylor L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raghu
authors.forename: Shou-Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Zhang