title: Idiopathic hypertensive anal canal: a place of internal sphincterotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertensive anal canal is frequently known to be associated with the presence of anal fissure. Based on clinical experience, we hypothesized that idiopathic anal sphincter hypertonia was a condition equivalent to anal fissure, and therefore, it could be treated the same way.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients complaining of anal pain without any anal pathology and ten healthy volunteers were examined. All patients underwent clinical evaluation, neurological examination, anorectal manometry, and measurement of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency. All patients with hypertensive anal canal were randomized into three groups. Group I (surgical group) underwent closed lateral sphincterotomy (LS), group II using nitroglycerine ointment (GTN), and group III received injection of botulinum toxin in internal sphincter. Post-procedures data were recorded at follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean resting anal pressure (MRAP) was significantly higher in the patient group (114.6 +/- 7.4 mmHg) than control group (72.5 +/- 6.6 mmHg, P < 0.001). Anal pain is the main presenting symptoms aggravated by defecation and not relived by analgesics or local anesthetics. After LS, pain visual analogue scale decreased significantly at follow-up period than after chemical sphincterotomy using GTN or BTX (P = 0.001). There was a significant decrease in MRAP postoperatively from 114.6 +/- 7.4 to 70.8 +/- 5.5 mmHg than after using GTN or BTX (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Idiopathic hypertensive anal canal is a fact and already exists presented by anal pain aggravated by defecation. It can be managed safely by closed lateral sphincterotomy, but chemical sphincterotomy had a minor role in its management.
authors.affiliation: Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farid
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Nakeeb
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: Waleed
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.forename: Elyamani
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fouda
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: Waleed
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thabet
authors.forename: Hisham Abd
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Elmoneum
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Khafagy
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D005996:Nitroglycerin