title: Analysis of enamel microbiopsies in shed primary teeth by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Polarizing Microscopy (PM).
abstract: The aims of this study were 1) to verify how close to the theoretically presumed areas are the areas of enamel microbiopsies carried out in vivo or in exfoliated teeth; 2) to test whether the etching solution penetrates beyond the tape borders; 3) to test whether the etching solution demineralizes the enamel in depth. 24 shed upper primary central incisors were randomly divided into two groups: the Rehydrated Teeth Group and the Dry Teeth Group. An enamel microbiopsy was performed, and the enamel microbiopsies were then analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Polarizing Microscopy (PM). Quantitative birefringence measurements were performed. The "true" etched area was determined by measuring the etched enamel using the NIH Image analysis program. Enamel birefringence was compared using the paired t test. There was a statistically significant difference when the etched areas in the Rehydrated teeth were compared with those of the Dry teeth (p=0.04). The etched areas varied from -11.6% to 73.5% of the presumed area in the Rehydrated teeth, and from 6.6% to 61.3% in the Dry teeth. The mean percentage of variation in each group could be used as a correction factor for the etched area. Analysis of PM pictures shows no evidence of in-depth enamel demineralization by the etching solution. No statistically significant differences in enamel birefringence were observed between values underneath and outside the microbiopsy area in the same tooth, showing that no mineral loss occurred below the enamel superficial layer. Our data showed no evidence of in-depth enamel demineralization by the etching solution used in the enamel microbiopsy proposed for primary enamel. This study also showed a variation in the measured diameter of the enamel microbiopsy in nineteen teeth out of twenty four, indicating that in most cases the etching solution penetrated beyond the tape borders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - FORP/USP, Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. rfgerlach@forp.usp.br
authors.forename: Glauce Regina
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Costa de Almeida
authors.forename: Gabriela Ferian
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: César Arruda
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Meschiari
authors.forename: Frederico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbosa de Sousa
authors.forename: Raquel Fernanda
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gerlach
mesh_terms: D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*