title: Effect of commercial rye whole-meal bread on postprandial blood glucose and gastric emptying in healthy subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The intake of dietary fibre has been shown to reduce the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of commercial rye whole-meal bread containing whole kernels and white wheat bread on the rate of gastric emptying and postprandial glucose response in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy subjects took part in a blinded crossover trial. Blood glucose level and gastric emptying rate (GER) were determined after the ingestion of 150 g white wheat bread or 150 g whole-meal rye bread on two different occasions after fasting overnight. The GER was measured using real-time ultrasonography, and was calculated as the percentage change in antral cross-sectional area 15 and 90 minutes after completing the meal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was found between the GER values or the blood glucose levels following the two meals when evaluated with the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study revealed no difference in postprandial blood glucose response or gastric emptying after the ingestion of rye whole-meal bread compared with white wheat bread.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Lund, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. joanna.hlebowicz@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hlebowicz
authors.forename: Jenny Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindstedt
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Björgell
authors.forename: Gassan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Darwich
authors.forename: Lars-Olof
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Almér
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D001939:Bread; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012434:Secale; D014908:Triticum; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004043:Dietary Fiber