title: Results of short-term training of naïve physicians in focused general ultrasonography in an intensive-care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate limited training of ICU physicians without knowledge of ultrasound in performing basic general ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational, study conducted in a 14-bed MICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven critically ill patients (38 females) aged 64 +/- 16 years, with a SAPS II score of 47 +/- 21, 49 of whom (64%) were receiving mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  After 8.5 h of training comprising a 2.5 h didactic course that included essential views of normal and pathologic conditions and three hands-on sessions of 2 h each, one of eight ICU residents and the radiologist on duty performed the same examination in a blind manner. The questions addressed concerned the presence of pleural effusion, intra-abdominal effusion, acute cholecystitis, intrahepatic biliary duct dilation, obstructive uropathy, chronic renal disease, and deep venous thrombosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The answers to 129 questions were analyzed. The possible presence of pleural effusion, and arguments for the presence of urinary tract obstruction and chronic renal insufficiency, were the questions most frequently addressed. Residents answered 84.4% of the questions correctly [Kappa: 0.66, CI 95% (0.32-1.12)]. Most of the discrepancies concerned small non-drainable pleural or abdominal effusions. For questions with a potential therapeutic impact, residents answered 95% of the questions correctly [Kappa 0.86, CI 95% (0.75-1.04)]. Residents completed the examination in 37 +/- 39 min compared with 296 +/- 487 min for the radiologists (P = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that after brief focused training, intensive-care unit physicians without previous knowledge of ultrasonography can competently perform basic general ultrasonic examinations.
authors.affiliation: Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ludivine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chalumeau-Lemoine
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Baudel
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arrivé
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Noblinski
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guidet
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Offenstadt
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maury
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography