title: Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to provisional crown materials utilizing two different adhesives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the shear bond strength of brackets bonded to provisional crown materials (PCMs) using two adhesive agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four PCMs were tested: Integrity, Jet, Protemp, and Snap. Forty cylindrical specimens of 10 mm diameter x 5 mm were prepared for each PCM. Ten specimens from each group were bonded to one of the two brackets, Clarity or Victory, using one of the two adhesives, Fuji Ortho LC or Ortho Bracket Adhesive. The brackets were debonded in shear at a cross-head speed of 5 mm/min, and the shear bond strength (SBS) was calculated. The type of failure was visually determined. The numeric data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey multiple range test at alpha = .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean SBSs ranged from 2.81 MPa to 9.65 MPa. There was a significant difference between Snap and the other three materials (P < .0001). There was no significant difference between the two brackets or the two adhesives (P > .05). The bond failure for all the specimens was of the adhesive type between the PCM and the adhesive resin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCM Snap yielded a significantly lower mean SBS value compared to the other three materials. No significant differences were found between the brackets or the adhesives. The bond failure was of the adhesive type.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. sameer.rambhia@marquette.edu
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rambhia
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heshmati
authors.forename: Virendra
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhuru
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iacopino
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D003442:Crowns; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C095451:Fuji Ortho LC; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements