The role of local protein synthesis and degradation in axon regeneration.
In axotomised regenerating axons, the first step toward successful regeneration is the formation of a growth cone. This requires a variety of dynamic morphological and biochemical changes in the axon, including the appearance of many new cytoskeletal, cell surface and signalling molecules. These changes suggest the activation of coordinated complex cellular processes. A recent development has been the demonstration that the regenerative ability of some axons depends on their capacity to locally synthesise new proteins and degrade others at the injury site autonomously from the cell body. There are also events involving the degradation of cytoskeletal and other molecules, and activation of signalling pathways, with axotomy-induced calcium changes probably being an initiating event. A future challenge will be to understand how this complex network of processes interacts in order to find therapeutic ways of promoting the regeneration of CNS axons.
Gumy
Laura F
LF
Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK.
Tan
Chin Lik
CL
Fawcett
James W
JW
D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000378:metabolism; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D002154:Calpain; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D002118:Calcium