title: Elevated circulating TWEAK levels in systemic sclerosis: association with lower frequency of pulmonary fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its clinical associations in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum TWEAK levels from 70 patients with SSc were examined by ELISA. In a retrospective longitudinal study, sera from 23 patients with SSc were analyzed (followup 0.8-7.2 yrs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum TWEAK levels were elevated in patients with SSc (n = 70) compared with healthy controls (n = 31) and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 22). Among patients with SSc, there were no differences in serum TWEAK levels between limited cutaneous SSc and diffuse cutaneous SSc. Patients with SSc who had elevated TWEAK levels less often had pulmonary fibrosis and decreased vital capacity than those with normal TWEAK levels. In the longitudinal study, SSc patients with inactive pulmonary fibrosis or without pulmonary fibrosis consistently exhibited increased TWEAK levels, while those with active pulmonary fibrosis showed decreased TWEAK levels during the followup period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TWEAK levels were increased in patients with SSc, and associated with a lower frequency of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with SSc. TWEAK could be a protective factor against the development of pulmonary fibrosis in this disease and as such would be a possible therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University GraduateSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki; and Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanaba
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshizaki
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muroi
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Fumihide
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takehara
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; C109743:TNFSF12 protein, human; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors