title: An audience response system strategy to improve student motivation, attention, and feedback.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To implement an audience response system (ARS) to improve student motivation and attention during lectures and provide immediate feedback to the instructor concerning student understanding of lecture content in a Physiological Chemistry/Molecular Biology course.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students used ARS devices to respond to strategically placed questions throughout physiological chemistry/molecular biology lectures. The instructor inserted 6 to 7 questions that promoted student/class interactivity into each of several 50-minute lectures to focus students' attention and provide feedback on students' comprehension of material.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-eight percent of first-year pharmacy (P1) students (n = 109) reported that strategically placed ARS questions throughout lectures helped them maintain attention. Reports from an independent focus group indicated that students favored this strategy. Furthermore, ARS feedback helped the instructor gauge student comprehension and adjust lectures accordingly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Focused, strategically placed ARS questions throughout lectures may help students maintain attention and stay motivated to learn. Feedback from these questions also allows instructors to adapt lectures to address areas of deficiency.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA. jjcain00@email.uky.edu
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: Esther P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rohr
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D013334:Students; D013339:Students, Pharmacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods