title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of a silver-coated endotracheal tube to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of the economic outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention associated with silver-coated endotracheal tubes versus uncoated endotracheal tubes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a simple decision model based on a hypothetical 1,000-patient cohort intubated with silver-coated or uncoated endotracheal tubes. The primary end point was marginal hospital savings per case of VAP prevented (savings from using silver-coated endotracheal tubes minus acquisition cost divided by number of VAP cases prevented).
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed each branch of the decision model to VAP or no VAP and conducted Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity analyses. Inputs for VAP incidence, relative risk reduction, and hospital costs were derived from publicly available sources. Relative risk reduction was derived from the pivotal study of the silver-coated endotracheal tube.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the base-case analysis, we reduced the pivotal study relative risk in incidence of microbiologically confirmed VAP in patients intubated 24 hours from 35.9% to 24%. Thus, 23 of 97 expected cases of VAP could be prevented with silver-coated endotracheal tubes. The savings per case of VAP prevented was $12,840 in the base case, with assumed marginal VAP cost of $16,620 and costs of $90.00 for coated and $2.00 for uncoated endotracheal tubes. Estimates were most sensitive to assumptions regarding VAP cost and relative risk reduction with silver-coated endotracheal tubes. Nonetheless, in multivariate sensitivity analyses, the silver-coated endotracheal tubes yielded persistent savings (95% confidence interval, $9,630-$16,356) per case of VAP prevented. With other base-case inputs held constant, break-even cost for silver-coated endotracheal tubes was $388.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The silver-coated endotracheal tube represents a strategy for preventing VAP that may yield hospital savings.
authors.affiliation: Washington Hospital Center, DC 20010, USA. afshorr@mail.dnamail.com
authors.forename: Andrew F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Shorr
authors.forename: Marya D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Zilberberg
authors.forename: Marin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kollef
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017053:Infection Control; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D018030:Silver Compounds