(-)-Gossypol reduces invasiveness in metastatic prostate cancer cells.
BACKGROUND
Acquisition of metastatic ability by prostatic cancer cells is the most lethal aspect of prostatic cancer progression. (-)-Gossypol, a polyphenolic compound present in cottonseeds, possesses anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects in various cancer cells.


METHODS
In this study, the differences between MAT-LyLu, rat prostate cancer cells, with a novel isolated subline from metastasized tumors in the lungs of MAT-LyLu-bearing Copenhagen rats (MLL cells) were compared with respect to cell growth and invasion. The effects of (-)-gossypol on cell viability, colony formation, invasive ability and cell migration in MAT-LyLu and MLL cells were also evaluated.


RESULTS
Results showed that MLL cells displayed higher growth ability, colony formation and aggressive penetration than those of MAT-LyLu cells. MLL cells possess lower protein expression of Bcl-xL and nm23-H1 than those of MAT-LyLu cells, implying differences in invasive ability. Moreover, (-)-gossypol treatment induced a dose-dependent inhibition of invasive activity and cell viability and reduced Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins but induced nm23-H1 protein in both cell lines.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings illustrated that (-)-gossypol reduced in vitro invasion of both the parental MAT-LyLu cells and the isolated MLL cells, suggesting that (-)-gossypol might serve as a chemotherapeutic and/or chemopreventive agent.
Huang
Yi-Wen
YW
Laboratory of Reproductive and Molecular Endocrinology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A.
Wang
Li-Shu
LS
Dowd
Michael K
MK
Wan
Peter J
PJ
Lin
Young C
YC
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003272:Contraceptive Agents, Male / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006072:Gossypol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D003272:Contraceptive Agents, Male; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D006072:Gossypol