title: Rejuvenation treatment of stored red blood cells reverses storage-induced adhesion to vascular endothelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blood banking procedures are associated with elevated adherence of red blood cells (RBCs) to blood vessel wall endothelial cells (ECs), which can introduce a circulatory risk to recipients. This study was undertaken to examine the possibility of repairing this damage by a poststorage "rejuvenation" procedure before transfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stored RBCs were treated with rejuvenation solution (Rejuvesol, enCyte Systems, Inc.), and their adhesion to cultured human microvascular ECs was determined as a function of shear stress using a cell flow properties analyzer. The adherence of rejuvenation-treated stored RBCs (stRBCs) was compared to that of untreated stRBCs and of freshly donated RBCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strong elevation of stRBC/EC adhesion was induced by cold storage and it correlated with translocation of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the RBC surface, a known mediator of RBC/EC adhesion. The role of RBC surface PS in stRBC/EC interaction was confirmed by the suppression of adhesion after the blocking of the stRBC surface PS with annexin V. Concomitantly, RBC storage elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+), the latter known to facilitate PS externalization. Poststorage rejuvenation treatment of stRBCs reversed all the above changes (ROS, Ca(2+), PS), along with complete suppression of the enhanced RBC/EC adhesion, restoring it to that of normal, freshly collected RBCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poststorage RBC rejuvenation treatment is effective in reversing the storage-induced RBC/EC interaction. This provides further documentation for the potential clinical benefit of poststorage rejuvenation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koshkaryev
authors.forename: Orly
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zelig
authors.forename: Noga
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manny
authors.forename: Saul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yedgar
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barshtein
mesh_terms: D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007476:Ionophores; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000001:Calcimycin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002118:Calcium