title: Comparative effects of rosuvastatin and allopurinol on circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic heart failure (HF) are characterized by alterations in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) levels. However, the impact of hypolipidemic and antioxidant treatment in MMPs and TIMPs is unknown. In the present study, we sought to compare the effects of statins and xanthine oxidase inhibitors on circulating levels of MMPs and TIMPs in patients with chronic HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two clinically stable patients with mild to moderate HF were randomized to receive rosuvastatin 10 mg or allopurinol 300 mg daily and followed up for 1 month. Serum levels of MMP-2, -9, TIMP-1, and -2 were measured before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of MMP-2 and -9 were significantly decreased in the rosuvastatin group (from 251±52 ng/ml and 400±206 ng/ml to 215±47 ng/ml and 309±166 ng/ml, p<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively), but not in the allopurinol group. In the rosuvastatin group, TIMP-2 levels were significantly increased (from 85±17 ng/ml to 93±16 ng/ml, p<0.05), while TIMP-1 remained unchanged. In the allopurinol group, no significant changes were observed regarding the levels of TIMPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term rosuvastatin but not allopurinol administration decreases MMP-2 and -9 and increases TIMP-2 levels.
authors.affiliation: 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece. drtousoulis@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tousoulis
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Andreou
authors.forename: Costas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tentolouris
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antoniades
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gounari
authors.forename: Iason
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kotrogiannis
authors.forename: Antigoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miliou
authors.forename: Marietta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charakida
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trikas
authors.forename: Christodoulos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005464:Fluorobenzenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D000493:Allopurinol; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9