title: Single limb exercise induces femoral artery remodeling and improves blood flow in the hemiparetic leg poststroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After stroke, individuals have decreased mobility of the hemiparetic leg, which demands less muscle oxygen consumption; thus, blood flow decreases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of single limb exercise (SLE) on femoral artery blood flow, diameter, and peak flow velocity in the hemiparetic leg after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve individuals (60.6+/-14.5 years of age; 5 male) with chronic stroke (69.1+/-82.2 months; 5 with right-sided hemiparesis) participated in the study. The intervention consisted of a SLE knee extension/flexion protocol 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Using Doppler ultrasound, bilateral femoral artery blood flow, diameter, and peak flow velocity were assessed at baseline, after 2 weeks, and after 4 weeks of SLE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using repeated-measures analysis of variance, femoral artery blood flow, arterial diameter, and blood flow velocity in the hemiparetic limb were significantly improved (P<0.0001) after the SLE. No significant changes occurred in the nontrained limb for any outcome measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that a 4-week SLE training program that increases muscular activity in the hemiparetic limb improves femoral artery blood flow, diameter, and peak velocity. SLE may be an important training strategy in stroke rehabilitation to minimize the vascular changes that occur poststroke due to decreased activity of the hemiparetic limb.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. sbillinger@kumc.edu
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Billinger
authors.forename: Byron J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gajewski
authors.forename: Lisa X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kluding
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010291:Paresis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler