title: Assessing the predictive value of the bispectral index vs patient state index on clinical assessment of sedation in postoperative cardiac surgery patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the depth of sedation determined by Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) with electroencephalogram-based bispectral index (BIS) and patient state index (PSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty mechanically ventilated cardiac surgical patients undergoing propofol and morphine sedation were assessed hourly for up to 6 hours or until tracheal extubation using the BIS, PSI, and RSS. Correlation between RSS, BIS, and PSI was determined, as well as the interrater reliability of RSS, BIS, and PSI. kappa statistics was used to further evaluate the agreement between BIS and PSI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was positive correlation between BIS and PSI values (rho = 0.731, P < .001). The average weighted kappa coefficient was .40 between the BIS and PSI, 0.28 between the RSS and BIS, and 0.16 between the RSS and PSI. Intraclass correlation was consistently higher between the BIS and PSI at all time intervals during the study. Logistic regression modeling over study duration showed that the BIS was consistently better at predicting oversedation (area under the curve, 0.92) than the PSI (area under the curve, 0.78). A comparison of BIS and PSI receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the BIS monitor was a better predictor of oversedation compared with the PSI (P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is significant positive correlation between the BIS and PSI but poor correlation and poor test agreement between the RSS and BIS as well as RSS and PSI. The BIS is a better predictor of oversedation compared with the PSI. There was no significant difference between the BIS and PSI with respect to the prediction of undersedation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9068, USA. adebola.adesanya@UTSouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Adebola O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Adesanya
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosero
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wyrick
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Girish P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D009020:Morphine; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D015742:Propofol; D012372:ROC Curve; D012121:Respiration, Artificial
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009020:Morphine; D015742:Propofol