title: Wide-field photon counting fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy: application to photosynthesizing systems.
abstract: Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a technique that visualizes the excited state kinetics of fluorescence molecules with the spatial resolution of a fluorescence microscope. We present a scanningless implementation of FLIM based on a time- and spacecorrelated single photon counting (TSCSPC) method employing a position-sensitive quadrant anode detector and wide-field illumination. The standard time-correlated photon counting approach leads to picosecond temporal resolution, making it possible to resolve complex fluorescence decays. This allows parallel acquisition of time-resolved images of biological samples under minimally invasive low-excitation conditions (<10 mW/cm(2)). In this way unwanted photochemical reactions induced by high excitation intensities and distorting the decay kinetics are avoided. Comparably low excitation intensities are practically impossible to achieve with a conventional laser scanning microscope, where focusing of the excitation beam into a tight spot is required. Therefore, wide-field FLIM permits to study Photosystem II (PS II) in a way so far not possible with a laser scanning microscope. The potential of the wide-field TSCSPC method is demonstrated by presenting FLIM measurements of the fluorescence dynamics of photosynthetic systems in living cells of the chlorophyll d-containing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina.
authors.affiliation: Biophysics group, Biotechnologisches Zentrum, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Zdeněk
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Petrášek
authors.forename: Hann-Jörg
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kemnitz
mesh_terms: D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D017785:Photons; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors