title: Unipedal standing exercise and hip bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: The aim of this study was to test the effect of unipedal standing exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip in postmenopausal women. Japanese postmenopausal women (n = 94) were assigned at random to an exercise or control group (no exercise). The 6-month exercise program consisted of standing on a single foot for 1 min per leg 3 times per day. BMD of the hip was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. There was no significant difference in age and baseline hip BMD between the exercise group (n = 49) and control group (n = 45). Exercise did not improve hip BMD compared with the control group. Stepwise regression analysis identified old age as a significant determinant (p = 0.034) of increased hip total BMD at 6 months after exercise. In 31 participants aged >/=70 years, the exercise group (n = 20) showed significant increase in the values of hip BMD at the areas of total (p = 0.008), intertrochanteric (p = 0.023), and Ward's triangle (p = 0.032). The same parameters were decreased in the control group (n = 11). The percent changes in hip BMD of the exercise group were not significantly different from those of the control group either in the participants with low baseline hip total BMD (<80% of the young adult mean) or high baseline hip total BMD (> or =80% of the young adult mean). In conclusion, unipedal standing exercise for 6 months did not improve hip BMD in Japanese postmenopausal women. Effect of exercise on hip total BMD was age dependent. In participants aged > or =70 years, the exercise significantly increased hip total BMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan. a-sakai@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshige
authors.forename: Yukichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zenke
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagaishi
authors.forename: Toshitaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D026241:Exercise Movement Techniques; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009928:Organ Specificity; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D011187:Posture