title: Zeb1 represses Mitf and regulates pigment synthesis, cell proliferation, and epithelial morphology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in fibrotic responses, formation of cancer stem cells, and acquisition of a metastatic phenotype. Zeb1 represses epithelial specification genes to enforce epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic boundaries during development, and it is one of several E-box-binding repressors whose overexpression triggers EMT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role for Zeb1 in EMT leading to the dedifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time PCR was used to examine mRNA expression during RPE dedifferentiation in primary cultures of RPE cells from Zeb1(+/-) mice and after knockdown of Zeb1 by lentivirus shRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to detect Zeb1 at gene promoters in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Zeb1 is overexpressed during RPE dedifferentiation. Heterozygous mutation or shRNA knockdown to prevent this overexpression eliminates the onset of proliferation, loss of epithelial morphology, and pigment, which characterizes RPE dedifferentiation. Zeb1 binds to the Mitf A promoter in vivo, and Zeb1 mutation or shRNA knockdown derepresses the gene. The authors link Zeb1 expression to cell-cell contact and demonstrate that forcing dedifferentiated RPE cells to adopt cell-cell only contacts via sphere formation reverses the overexpression of Zeb1 and reprograms RPE cells back to a pigmented phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of the EMT transcription factor Zeb1 has an important role in RPE dedifferentiation via its regulation of Mitf. Expression of Zeb1 and, in turn, RPE dedifferentiation, is linked to cell-cell contact, and these contacts can be used to diminish Zeb1 expression and reprogram dedifferentiated RPE cells.
authors.affiliation: James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Yongqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Qiutang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamiya
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Darling
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Dean
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000071799:Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D008543:Melanins; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; C497235:Mitf protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C519422:ZEB1 protein, mouse; D000071799:Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1