title: In-chern-hau-tang and genipin reduces acute urinary bladder distension evoked sympathetic activation-induced hepatic dysfunction in rats.
abstract: Increased norepinephrine production by acute urine retention (AUR) induced sympathetic activation may contribute to acute liver injury (ALI) via the action of hepatic vasoconstriction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We evaluated whether In-Chern-Hau-Tang, a hepatoprotective herb medicine, and its major ingredient genipin, may ameliorate norepinephrine-induced liver injury in the rat. We determined the effects of In-Chern-Hau-Tang and genipin on norepinephrine-induced oxidative stress in the Kupffer and endothelial cells and AUR-induced ALI in the rat via a chemiluminescence analyzer, physiologic and biochemical determination and western blot. The results of in vitro study showed that genipin with efficient H(2)O(2) and HOCl scavenging activities decreased norepinephrine-enhanced ROS production in the Kupffer cell and endothelial cell cultures. AUR activated hepatic sympathetic nervous activity lead to a hepatic hypoxia/hypoperfusion, and a reduction in bile flow. AUR increased intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (ICAM-1) protein expression, and hepatic ROS production from the activated leukocyte NADPH oxidase activity subsequently leading to plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation. Hepatic sympathetic denervation, or oral pretreatment of In-Chern-Hau-Tang or genipin for 1 week ameliorated the level in AUR-induced hepatic hypoxia/hypoperfusion, and bile stasis. Hepatic denervation, In-Chern-Hau-Yang and genipin inhibited AUR-enhanced hepatic ICAM-1 expression, hepatic ROS production, leukocyte NADPH oxidase activity and plasma AST activity. In conclusion, In-Chern-Hau-Tang along with its active component, genipin, can ameliorate AUR-induced ALI via the alleviation of oxidative stress possibly by the inhibition of sympathetic induced hypoxia/hypoperfusion and leukocyte NADPH oxidase activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yun-He
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Wang-Chuan
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Chiang-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057889:Iridoid Glycosides; D039823:Iridoids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D049449:Luminescence; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D057889:Iridoid Glycosides; D039823:Iridoids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C547934:in-chern-hau-tang; C007834:genipin