End-stage renal disease: in vivo diffusion-tensor imaging of silent white matter damage.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize and compare regional differences in anisotropy in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and in control subjects to understand the effect of ESRD and hemodialysis on the microstructures of white matter.


METHODS
This study was approved by an institutional review board; written informed consent was obtained. From March 2007 to December 2007, 34 patients (16 men, 18 women; mean age, 40.0 years; range, 26-50 years) with ESRD who were undergoing dialysis and 35 control subjects (16 men, 19 women; mean age, 38.3 years; range, 25-49 years) were enrolled. There was no significant sex or age difference between the ESRD and control groups. By using a 1.5-T imager, fractional anisotropy (FA) data obtained at diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (echo-planar imaging, 33 directions; b value, 1000 sec/mm(2)) and at T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR imaging of the bilateral parietal, frontal, occipital, and temporal lobe white matter, as well as the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, were compared. The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) was administered to all participants at imaging.


RESULTS
The ESRD group had significantly lower FA values in all regions than the control group. FA values were generally lower in older patients and in those who had been undergoing dialysis for a longer duration. Duration of dialysis was more often than age found to be correlated with differences in FA values. In areas in which there was a significant correlation between age, duration, and FA values, the regression coefficients were greater for those who had been undergoing dialysis longer than for those who were older. Patients with ESRD had significantly lower CASI scores than control subjects (P = .03). There were no significant group differences in FLAIR values (P = .25-.89).


CONCLUSIONS
Changes in FA values may be used to follow-up white matter changes in patients with ESRD who are undergoing maintenance dialysis.


BACKGROUND
http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/2523080484/DC1.
Hsieh
Tsyh-Jyi
TJ
Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Chang
Jer-Ming
JM
Chuang
Hung-Yi
HY
Ko
Chih-Hung
CH
Hsieh
Miao-Ling
ML
Liu
Gin-Chang
GC
Hsu
Jui-Sheng
JS
D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity