title: Effect of total mesorectal excision on the outcome of rectal cancer after standardized postoperative radiochemotherapy: do randomized studies translate into clinical routine?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare local control, disease-free survival and overall survival after postoperative radiochemotherapy with or without total mesorectal excision (TME) in a retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1993 and 2002, 103 patients with UICC stage II and III rectal cancer were treated by surgery and postoperative chemoradiation. Group B (n = 50; 1993-1998) were operated before TME era without using TME and group A (n = 53; 1998-2002) with TME; both groups received identical radiochemotherapy to a total dose of 50.4 Gy (median) and two courses of continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in group A (TME) showed a significant improvement in 5-year disease-free survival (71.1%; 46.8%) and freedom from distant metastases (76.3%; 46.9%) and a marked improvement of local control (85.2%; 62.5%). Acute and late toxicity were significantly less frequent in group A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiochemotherapy cannot compensate an insufficient surgical procedure. These data confirm that TME is the standard. High outcome quality can be achieved in daily practice compared to results of randomized studies without patient selection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany. ludwig.keilholz@klinikum-bayreuth.de
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keilholz
authors.forename: Mesud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mese
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henneking
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willner
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000401:mortality*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D005472:Fluorouracil