title: Recolonization of the oral cavity by Streptococcus mutans after a combined mechanical/chemical antisepsis protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The bacterial colonization of teeth by Streptococcus mutans (StrepM) represents a major risk factor for the development of dental caries. At present, no clinical studies have explored the effect of a combined mechanical-chemical antisepsis protocol in a periodontally-healthy population and the pattern of recolonization of StrepM in subjects whose StrepM infection was successfully eradicated. The present study was designed in order to 1) determine the salivary and plaque changes in StrepM content after a combined mechanical/chemical antisepsis protocol; and 2) evaluate the pattern of recolonization when StrepM was successfully eradicated from saliva and plaque.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five periodontally-healthy and caries-susceptible subjects successfully entered and concluded the study. At baseline, non-surgical periodontal therapy was performed according to the principles of full mouth disinfection. Adjunctive home-based rinsing with a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse was requested for the following week. StrepM concentration was assessed in saliva and plaque at the initial contact appointment, at baseline, and 1-week, 1-month, 3-month and 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant effect of ''time'' on StrepM concentration in saliva and plaque was observed (P<0.000). In subjects with successful eradication of StrepM at 1 week (N=17 plaque samples), StrepM infection recurrence occurred within 3-6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study demonstrated that 1) the application of the investigated mechanical/chemical antisepsis protocol can effectively reduce StrepM colonies in saliva and plaque of periodontally healthy subjects; and 2) in plaque samples, StrepM infection recurrence tends to occur within 3-6 months.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. L.Trombelli@unife.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Squarzoni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calura
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trombelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000985:Antisepsis / Q000379:methods*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D012534:Dental Scaling; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009067:Mouthwashes; D016745:Root Planing; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014099:Toothbrushing; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D002710:Chlorhexidine