title: [Explaining symptoms: body-object and body-subject].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medically unexplained somatic symptoms present a real challenge to modem medicine. They occur frequently and are often chronic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the physician's approach to these symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We focus on the views of the human body put forward by the French philosopher Merleau-Ponty. His view is illustrated with the help of a case study concerning a patient suffering from borderline personality disorder and complex regional pain syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Merleau-Ponty draws a distinction between body-subject and body-object. By body-object he means the body as determined and predicted by medical science. By body-subject he means the body as we experience it, even before we are aware of it. It is our pre-reflexive body that gives meaning to the world around us.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We argue that the physician should regard the body not only as an object, but also as a subject, thereby giving renewed attention to the significance of symptoms as an expression of inner experience. In this way symptoms that cannot be explained on a purely physico-chemical level will become more meaningful.
authors.affiliation: Afdeling Neurologic/ Klinische Neurofysiologie, HagaZiekenhuis, CH Den Haag. b.termeulen@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Meulen B C
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: ter
authors.forename: T C A M
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Van Woerkom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D020918:Complex Regional Pain Syndromes / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019222:Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*