title: Comparison of a one-time educational intervention to a teach-to-goal educational intervention for self-management of heart failure: design of a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart failure (HF) is common, costly and associated with significant morbidity and poor quality of life, particularly for patients with low socioeconomic status. Self-management training has been shown to reduce HF related morbidity and hospitalization rates, but there is uncertainty about how best to deliver such training and what patients benefit. This study compares a single session self-management HF training program against a multiple session training intervention and examines whether their effects differ by literacy level.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized controlled multi-site trial, English and Spanish-speaking patients are recruited from university-affiliated General Internal Medicine and Cardiology clinics at 4 sites across the United States. Eligible patients have HF with New York Heart Association class II-IV symptoms and are prescribed a loop diuretic. Baseline data, including literacy level, are collected at enrollment and follow-up surveys are conducted at 1, 6 and 12 months. Upon enrollment, both the control and intervention groups receive the same 40 minute, literacy-sensitive, in-person, HF education session covering the 4 key self-management components of daily self assessment and having a plan, salt avoidance, exercise, and medication adherence. All participants also receive a literacy-sensitive workbook and a digital bathroom scale. After the baseline education was completed, patients are randomly allocated to return to usual care or to receive ongoing education and training. The intervention group receives an additional 20 minutes of education on weight and symptom-based diuretic self-adjustment, as well as periodic follow-up phone calls from the educator over the course of 1 year. These phone calls are designed to reinforce the education, assess participant knowledge of the education and address barriers to success.The primary outcome is the combined incidence of all cause hospitalization and death. Secondary outcomes include HF-related quality of life, HF-related hospitalizations, knowledge regarding HF, self-care behavior, and self-efficacy. The effects of each intervention will be stratified by patient literacy, in order to identify any differential effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enrollment of the proposed 660 subjects will continue through the end of 2009. Outcome assessments are projected to be completed by early 2011.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) NCT00378950.
authors.affiliation: Cecil G Sheps Center for Health Services Research, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. darren_dewalt@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Darren A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: DeWalt
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Broucksou
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hawk
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schillinger
authors.forename: Bernice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruo
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bibbins-Domingo
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macabasco-O'Connell
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pignone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012107:Research Design; D018401:Sample Size; D012648:Self Care; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors