Viral calciomics: interplays between Ca2+ and virus.
Ca(2+) is one of the most universal and versatile signaling molecules and is involved in almost every aspect of cellular processes. Viruses are adept at utilizing the universal Ca(2+) signal to create a tailored cellular environment that meets their own demands. This review summarizes most of the known mechanisms by which viruses perturb Ca(2+) homeostasis and utilize Ca(2+) and cellular Ca(2+)-binding proteins to their benefit in their replication cycles. Ca(2+) plays important roles in virion structure formation, virus entry, viral gene expression, posttranslational processing of viral proteins and virion maturation and release. As part of the review, we introduce an algorithm to identify linear "EF-hand" Ca(2+)-binding motifs which resulted in the prediction of a total of 93 previously unrecognized Ca(2+)-binding motifs in virus proteins. Many of these proteins are nonstructural proteins, a class of proteins among which Ca(2+) interactions had not been formerly appreciated. The presence of linear Ca(2+)-binding motifs in viral proteins enlarges the spectrum of Ca(2+)-virus interplay and expands the total scenario of viral calciomics.
Zhou
Yubin
Y
Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St., Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
Frey
Teryl K
TK
Yang
Jenny J
JJ
D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology
D015220:Calcium Channels; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D002118:Calcium