title: Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines in alaska native adults 55-70 years of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vaccination with conjugate vaccines stimulates T cell-dependent immunity, whereas vaccination with polysaccharide vaccines does not. Thus, vaccination with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) followed by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) may offer better protection against invasive pneumococcal disease for older adults than does vaccination with PPV23 alone, which is what is currently recommended.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alaska Native adults 55-70 years of age with no previous pneumococcal vaccination were randomized to receive (1) PPV23, (2) PCV7 followed 2 months later by PPV23, or (3) PCV7 followed 6 months later by PPV23. Participants recorded reactions after each vaccination. Serum samples collected during the period from May 2002 through February 2003 were tested for serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and for opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) against serotypes 1, 4, 6B, 14, and 19F.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vaccination with PCV7 was well tolerated, but persons receiving PCV7 followed by PPV23 reported more local reactions than those receiving only PPV23. All reactions resolved spontaneously within 72 h of receiving vaccine. The geometric mean IgG concentrations of and the median OPA titers to serotypes 4, 6B, 14, and 19F increased in all groups after 1 dose of either PCV7 or PPV23. Serotype-specific geometric mean IgG concentrations and median OPA titers did not differ between any of the groups after vaccination with PPV23, regardless of whether they had previously received PCV7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, PCV7 given 2 or 6 months before PPV23 was well tolerated but did not improve immune response to PPV23 in older Alaska Native adults.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emerging Infections and Surveillance Systems, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. kmiernyk@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Miernyk
authors.forename: Jay C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Lisa R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bulkow
authors.forename: Rosalyn J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Singleton
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hennessy
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Dentinger
authors.forename: Helen V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knutsen
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hickel
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Parkinson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000413:Alaska; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009895:Opsonin Proteins / Q000097:blood; D010587:Phagocytosis; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D044382:Population Groups
chemical_list: C414006:23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines