Dietary vitamin C, E, and carotenoid intake and risk of renal cell carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
The study examines the association between dietary intake of vitamin C, E, and carotenoids and the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).


METHODS
Between 1994 and 1997 in 8 Canadian provinces, mailed questionnaires were completed by 1,138 incident, histologically confirmed cases of RCC and 5,039 population controls, including information on socio-economic status, lifestyle habits and diet. A 69-item food frequency questionnaire provided data on eating habits 2 years before data collection. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using unconditional logistic regression.


RESULTS
Dietary intake of beta-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin was inversely associated with the risk of RCC. The ORs for the highest versus the lowest quartile were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.59-0.92) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.62-0.95), respectively. The significant inverse association with beta-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin was more pronounced in women, and in overweight or obese subjects. The relation of lutein/zeaxanthin to RCC was stronger in ever smokers. No clear association was observed with vitamin C and E, beta-cryptozanthin, and lycopene.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings provide evidence that a diet rich in beta-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin may play a role in RCC prevention.
Hu
Jinfu
J
Evidence and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, AL: 6807B, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada. Jinfu_hu@phac-aspc.gc.ca
La Vecchia
Carlo
C
Negri
Eva
E
DesMeules
Marie
M
Mery
Les
L
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; D001205:Ascorbic Acid