title: Class test stress as an unusual cause of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a 14-year-old girl.
abstract: Pneumomediastinum can occur spontaneously in several medical conditions such as asthma or secondarily because of injuries of the trachea or esophagus. Both types of pneumomediastinum may be life threatening, depending on possible complications and, additionally, in the secondary pneumomediastinum, because of an underlying condition. This is the case of a 14-year-old girl who experienced a pneumomediastinum after snorting during a class test owing to psychologic stress. Because of the lack of a specific history, complete radiologic diagnostic was done to exclude any life-threatening cause of pneumomediastinum. Only then did questioning reveal anger during the class test that caused a short snorting. The case demonstrates that psychologic stress may cause pathologic patterns of breathing and thereby induce pneumomediastinum. Thus, history has to include the question on psychologic stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. angela.kribs@uk-koeln.de
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kribs
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lang-Roth
authors.forename: Gabriele Benz
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Bohm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000786:Anger; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D011859:Radiography; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D013352:Subcutaneous Emphysema / Q000209:etiology; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver / Q000502:physiology