title: Empirical antifungal therapy in selected patients with persistent febrile neutropenia.
abstract: Universal empirical antifungal therapy (EAT) in patients with unexplained persistent febrile neutropenia (PFN) is the standard of care, but EAT could be applied in selected patients on the basis of clinical criteria and risk factors. A prospective interventional study was carried out to analyse the incidence and related mortality of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in patients with PFN according to whether or not EAT was indicated. EAT was indicated according to the following criteria: (a) severe sepsis or septic shock; (b) focused infection: lung, central nervous system, sinus, abdominal or skin; (c) individualized clinical decision in patients at high risk. Sixty-six (19%) of 347 episodes of febrile neutropenia fulfilled PFN criteria, 97% with a haematological malignancy. Just 26 (39.4%) were treated with EAT. The overall IFI incidence was 4.5%. In the group that received EAT, three patients developed IFI (11.5%), in comparison with none in the group that did not receive it (P=0.04, RR 2.7:1.9-3.8). IFI-related mortality was null in the group that did not receive EAT and 8% (two of 26 patients) in the group that received EAT. These data suggest that in patients with PFN, EAT in selected patients may be safe and avoid unnecessary antifungal therapy.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Service, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain. maguilarguisado@yahoo.es
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Guisado
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Espigado
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cordero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parody
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pachón
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cisneros
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents