title: The use of collagen cross-linking agents to enhance dentin bond strength.
abstract: Type I collagen is a major component of the hybrid layer, and improvement of its mechanical properties may be advantageous during bonding procedures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of three different cross-linking agents (Glutaraldehyde [GD], Grape seed extract [GSE], and Genipin [GE]) on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of resin-dentin bonds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four sound human molars were collected and their occlusal surfaces were ground flat to expose dentin. Dentin surfaces were etched using a phosphoric acid and then teeth were randomly divided according to the dentin treatment: Control group (no treatment), 5% GD, 6.5% GSE, or 0.5% GE. Teeth were restored either with One Step Plus or Adper Single Bond Plus adhesive systems and resin composite. After 24 h, teeth were sectioned to produce a cross-sectional surface area of 1.0 mm(2) and tested for tensile bond strength. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD tests (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant interaction between factors (treatment and adhesive p < 0.001). Treatment affected TBS (p < 0.0001), while no differences were observed between the adhesive systems (p = 0.6961).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemical modification to the dentin matrix promoted by GD and GSE, but not GE, resulted in increased bond strength. The application of selective collagen cross-linkers during adhesive restorative procedures may be a new approach to improve dentin bond strength properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Aiman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Ammar
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Drummond
authors.forename: Ana Karina
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bedran-Russo
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D057889:Iridoid Glycosides; D039823:Iridoids / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D011897:Random Allocation; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D024042:Collagen Type I; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D057889:Iridoid Glycosides; D039823:Iridoids; C007834:genipin; D005976:Glutaral