title: High prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in young adult patients with complex congenital heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) adversely impacts morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. No data on AGM in adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the AGM in ACHD and compare the results with their clinical characteristics, we performed a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test to detect AGM, that is, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes mellitus, in 205 consecutive ACHD (24 +/- 8 years), including 16 unrepaired patients, 67 Fontan patients, 122 postbiventricular (BV) patients, and 27 healthy controls (27 +/- 5 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All ACHD groups had a high prevalence of AGM (unrepaired, 43.8%; Fontan, 43.3%; BV, 46.7%; control, 3.7%; P < .001). In the 2 postoperative groups, the Matsuda index was decreased (P < .0001), and greater waist circumference, liver dysfunction, higher plasma renin activity, and diuretic use were associated with AGM. Although male gender was associated with AGM (P < .01), baseline glucose and lipid metabolic variables did not correlate with the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test-induced hyperglycemia (area under the plasma glucose curve [AUC-PG]) in the Fontan patients but did correlate in the BV patients. The AUC-PG correlated inversely with exercise capacity (P < .05) in the 2 postoperative ACHD groups, and the AGM ACHD had a high incidence of future cardiac events (P < .05), especially the Fontan patients with diabetes mellitus (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complex ACHD have a high prevalence of AGM, and this newly recognized pathophysiology should be considered in managing long-term survivors of complex ACHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, Japan. hohuchi@hsp.ncvc.go.jp
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohuchi
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Toshikatsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagihara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology; D007564:Japan; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids