title: Is juvenile liver biopsy unsafe? Putting an end to a common misapprehension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver is the most common procedure used in clinical hepatology for histopathological examination and assessment of liver disease, and remains the cornerstone in the evaluation and management of parenchymal liver diseases. Liver biopsy is generally regarded as a safe procedure, but mortality rates up to 1:10,000 have been reported. In 2003, our group showed that routine use of US as a guide to liver biopsy reduces the rate of complications and provides a higher diagnostic yield.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience of US-guided liver biopsy in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all 421 liver biopsies performed in our department from October 2003 to December 2008. All samples had been obtained by the US-guided technique. All patients had a liver US examination performed prior to the procedure by the same radiologist performing the biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  US guidance allowed constant visualization of the needle leading to appropriate tissue sampling in all 421 children (including 221 obese children), and in 79% of children with only one pass. Pain in the right upper quadrant after liver biopsy was experienced by 36% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US-guided percutaneous biopsy of the liver in children, performed in a specialized tertiary care paediatric centre by experienced and skilled physicians, can be considered safe and effective.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pietrobattista
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fruwirth
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Natali
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Devito
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nobili
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult