title: Assessment of sperm factors possibly involved in early recurrent pregnancy loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare standard sperm parameters, lipid peroxidation of sperm plasma membranes, antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma, and sperm chromatin integrity in ejaculates from men whose partners have a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and from a control group of men with recent fertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reproduction Program, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three couples with history of recurrent pregnancy loss and 11 men with recent fertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen samples from control men and men whose partner had a history of recurrent pregnancy loss were examined for differences in semen parameters, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, DNA fragmentation index, and sperm preparation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Migration-sedimentation method was used to collect motile spermatozoa from fresh ejaculates for examination for semen parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men from the control group had spermatozoa with higher percentage of normal sperm morphology, concentration, progressive motility, and antioxidant capacity compared with men from the recurrent pregnancy loss group, who had spermatozoa with higher teratozoospermia and higher lipid peroxidation. Motile sperm fractions from both groups had spermatozoa with better sperm parameters compared with freshly ejaculated sperm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study strengthens the current literature associating sperm quality with recurrent pregnancy loss, and emphasizes the importance of evaluating male factor by tests such as lipid peroxidation and measuring antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma in addition to conventional sperm parameters.
authors.affiliation: Reproduction Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: aura_gi1@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Aura María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gil-Villa
authors.affiliation: Reproduction Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Wálter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cardona-Maya
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, and Obstetrics-Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, and Obstetrics-Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Reproduction Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Ángela
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Cadavid
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D020964:Embryo Loss / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000502:physiology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017584:Reproductive History; D012307:Risk Factors; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult