title: Hypoglossal nucleus projections to the rat masseter muscle.
abstract: We investigated in the rat whether hypoglossal innervation extended to facial muscles other than the extrinsic musculature of the mystacial pad. Results showed that hypoglossal neurons also innervate the masseter muscle. Dil injected into the XII nucleus showed hypoglossal axons in the ipsilateral main trunk of the trigeminal nerve. After Gasser's ganglion crossing, the axons entered into the infraorbital division of the trigeminal nerve and targeted the extrinsic muscles of the mystacial pad. They also spread into the masseter branch of the trigeminal nerve to target the polar portions of the masseter muscle spindles. Retrograde double labelling, performed by injecting Dil into the pad and True Blue into the ipsilateral masseter muscle, showed labelled hypoglossal neurons in the medio-dorsal portion of the XII nucleus. The majority of these neurons were small (15-20 microm diameter), showed fluorescence for Dil and projected to the mystacial pad. Other medium-size neurons (25 microm diameter) were instead labelled with True Blue and projected to the masseter muscle. Finally, in the same area, other small hypoglossal neurons showed double labelling and projected to both structures. Functional hypotheses on the role of these hypoglossal projections have been discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Human Physiology Division, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy. fisiou@uniss.it
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mameli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stanzani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pellitteri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spatuzza
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Caria
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mulliri
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: De Riu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans; D002232:Carbocyanines; D048429:Cell Size; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D008442:Maxillary Nerve / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009470:Muscle Spindles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013284:Stomatognathic System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D014738:Vibrissae / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C035005:3,3'-dihexadecylindocarbocyanine; D001572:Benzofurans; D002232:Carbocyanines; C038675:true blue