title: Individual human phenotypes in metabolic space and time.
abstract: Differences between individual phenotypes are due both to differences in genotype and to exposure to different environmental factors. A fundamental contribution to the definition of the individual phenotype for clinical and therapeutic applications would come from a deeper understanding of the metabolic phenotype. The existence of unique individual metabolic phenotypes has been hypothesized, but the experimental evidence has been only recently collected. Analysis of individual phenotypes over the timescale of years shows that the metabolic phenotypes are largely invariant. The present work also supports the idea that the individual metabolic phenotype can also be considered a metagenomic entity that is strongly affected by both gut microbiome and host metabolic phenotype, the latter defined by both genetic and environmental contributions.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. bertini@cerm.unifi.it
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bernini
authors.forename: Ivano
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bertini
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luchinat
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nepi
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saccenti
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Birk
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spraul
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tenori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods; D010449:Peptide Mapping / Q000379:methods; D010641:Phenotype; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins