title: Ampullary carcinoma: effect of preoperative biliary drainage on surgical outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of preoperative biliary drainage on morbidity and mortality after surgical resection for ampullary carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed retrospectively data for 82 patients who underwent potentially curative surgery for ampullary carcinoma between September 1993 and July 2007 at the Singapore General Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital. Diagnosis of ampullary carcinoma was confirmed histologically. Thirty-five patients underwent preoperative biliary drainage (PBD group), and 47 were not drained (non-PBD group). The mode of biliary drainage was endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (n = 33) or percutaneous biliary drainage (n = 2). The following parameters were analyzed: wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, intra-abdominal or gastrointestinal bleeding, septicemia, biliary or pancreatic leakage, pancreatitis, gastroparesis, and re-operation rate. Mortality was assessed at 30 d (hospital mortality) and also long-term. The statistical endpoint of this study was patient survival after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were well matched for demographic criteria, clinical presentation and operative characteristics, except for lower hemoglobin in the non-PBD group (10.9 +/- 1.6 vs 11.8 +/- 1.6 in the PBD group). Of the parameters assessing postoperative morbidity, incidence of wound infection was significantly less in the PBD than the non-PBD group [1 (2.9%) vs 12 (25.5%)]. However, the rest of the parameters did not differ significantly between the groups, i.e. sepsis [10 (28.6%) vs 14 (29.8%)], intra-abdominal bleeding [1 (2.9%) vs 5 (10.6%)], intra-abdominal abscess [1 (2.9%) vs 8 (17%)], gastrointestinal bleeding [3 (8.6%) vs 5 (10.6%)], pancreatic leakage [2 (5.7%) vs 3 (6.4%)], biliary leakage [2 (5.7%) vs 3 (6.4%)], pancreatitis [2 (5.7%) vs 2 (4.3%)], gastroparesis [6 (17.1%) vs 10 (21.3%)], need for blood transfusion [10 (28.6%) vs 17 (36.2%)] and re-operation rate [1 (2.9%) vs 5 (10.6%)]. There was no early mortality in either group. Median survival was 44 mo (95% CI: 34.2-53.8) in the PBD group and 41 mo (95% CI: 27.7-54.3; P = 0.86) in the non-PBD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biliary drainage before surgery for ampullary cancer significantly reduced postoperative wound infection. Overall mortality was not influenced by preoperative drainage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Sheikh Anwar
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Khairul Azhar
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jaafar
authors.forename: Yaw Fui Alexander
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: London Lucien Peng Jin
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: Steven Joseph
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mesenas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003138:Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome