title: An experimental study on the effect of mobile phone conversation on drivers' reaction time in braking response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper presents an experimental study in which the effect of three factors (distance between cars, mobile call duration, and time of driving (day or night)) on drivers' reaction time in braking response was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiment was performed in a real driving environment in which 27 male adults between the ages of 22 and 24 years participated. Three levels of the first two factors (i.e., distance between cars and call duration) and two levels of the last factor (i.e., time of driving) were selected to conduct the experimental study. A full factorial design of experiment with 18 treatment combinations and three replicates of each combination were used. Fifty-four trial runs were performed in a random manner and for each run drivers' reaction time in braking response was measured, which served the data for further analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), interaction effect analysis, and various model adequacy tests were carried out using Design Expert software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the study indicated that the most important factor affecting the drivers' reaction time in car braking response was the mobile call duration followed by the time of driving, with a high level of interaction between the two factors. It was also found that the distance between cars did not seem to have a significant effect on the reaction time in braking response. It is to be noted that these response times are expected to be higher under normal driving conditions where awareness of experimental environment is not present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study would help mobile phone industries in improving safety of mobile phone users in driving environment.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ibrahim A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Al-Darrab
authors.forename: Zahid A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Shiekh I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ishrat
mesh_terms: D001334:Automobile Driving; D040421:Cell Phone; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult