title: [Ocular symptoms as the initial signs of Wegener's granulomatosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic, necrotising, granulomatous vasculitis of unknown aetiology. Ocular involvement is present in up to 60 %. The aim of our study was firstly to evaluate the presence of ophthalmic manifestations as the first sign of WG in patients without obvious systemic manifestations of WG, and secondly to evaluate the clinical manifestation of ocular symptoms as the initial signs of WG.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of WG examined at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology during the 5-year period from January 2003 to January 2008 were reviewed. Initial manifestation of WG, initial ocular presentation, biopsy results, laboratory testing results, treatment and the final outcome were determined. Only patients in whom WG was not diagnosed at the time of the ocular symptoms were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients diagnosed with WG were identified. Six patients (40 %) developed no ocular symptoms before and after WG was diagnosed. Two patients (13.3 %) had a systemic disease first and subsequently developed ocular symptoms. Seven patients (46.7 %) had ocular symptoms as the first signs of WG (necrotising sclerokeratitis in two patients, peripheral ulcerative keratitis in two patients, non-granulomatous uveitis in one patient, anterior necrotising sclerokeratitis and nodular posterior scleritis with serous retinal detachment in one patient, severe retinal and chorioidal vascular occlusions with ischaemic optic disc neuropathy and complete visual loss in one patient).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In nearly 50 % of patients with WG, ocular symptoms were observed as the initial signs before WG was diagnosed. The initial symptoms may be obscure and may vary from one patient to another. Knowledge of the ocular initial symptoms of WG is very important and can contribute to a better prognosis and prevention of visual loss.
authors.affiliation: Augenabteilung, Universitätskrankenhaus Maribor. d.pahor@ukc-mb.si
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pahor
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gracner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gracner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pahor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged