title: Morphological and biochemical alterations of skeletal muscles from the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge of the morphological and biochemical alterations occurring in skeletal muscles of obese animals is relatively limited, particularly with respect to non-limb muscles and relationship to fibre type.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Sternomastoid (SM; fast-twitch), extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch), and soleus (SOL; mixed) muscles of ob/ob mouse (18-22 weeks) were examined with respect to size (mass, muscle mass-to-body mass ratio, cross-sectional area (CSA)), fibre CSA, protein content, myosin heavy chain (MHC) content, MHC isoform (MHC(i)) composition, MHC(i)-based fibre type composition, and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme (LDH(iso)) composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with (control) muscles from lean mice, all the three muscles from ob/ob mice were smaller in size (by 13-30%), with SM and EDL being the most affected. The CSA of IIB and IIB+IID fibres (the predominant fibre types in SM and EDL muscles) was markedly smaller (by approximately 30%) in ob/ob mice, consistent with differences in muscle size. Total protein content (normalised to muscle mass) was significantly lower in EDL (-9.7%) and SOL (-14.1%) muscles of ob/ob mice, but there were no differences between SM, EDL, and SOL muscles from the two animal groups with respect to MHC content (also normalised to muscle mass). Electrophoretic analyses of MHC(i) composition in whole muscle homogenates and single muscle fibres showed a shift towards slower MHC(i) content, slower MHC(i) containing fibres, and a greater proportion of hybrid fibres in all the three muscles of ob/ob mice, with a shift towards a more aerobic-oxidative phenotype also observed with respect to LDH(iso) composition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that SM, EDL, and SOL muscles of ob/ob mice display size reductions to an extent that seems to be largely related to fibre type composition, and a shift in fibre type composition that may result from a process of structural remodelling, as suggested by the increased proportion of hybrid fibres in muscles of ob/ob mice.
authors.affiliation: [1] School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia. justin.kemp@acu.edu.au
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blazev
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: G M M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Stephenson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size / Q000502:physiology; D004548:Elasticity / Q000502:physiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013851:Thinness / Q000378:metabolism