title: Dynamical levels of plasma F(1+2) and D-dimer in patients with acute cerebral infarction during intravenous urokinase thrombolysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the value of dynamically monitored levels of plasma prothrombin fragment(1+2) (F(1+2)) and D-dimer in the process of thrombolysis with urokinase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected at baseline and at hours 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 after urokinase infusion finished. The levels of plasma F(1+2) and D-dimer of 45 patients who received urokinase intravenous infusion were assayed by ELISA and fluorescent immunoassay, and analysed dynamically with their clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of plasma F(1+2) and D-dimer in patients before urokinase thrombolysis were significantly higher than age- and gender-matched normal controls (all p<0.05). After urokinase infusion was finished, three kinds of dynamic changes of plasma F(1+2) and D-dimer with different clinical outcomes appeared. In effective subgroup (n=30), the plasma D-dimer increased quickly and reached to the peak at the third hour, remained at the higher level for more than 24 hours, and then decreased gradually; while plasma F(1+2) began to decrease at the second hour and promptly approached to its trough near the baseline, after 24 hours. In non-effective subgroup, the D-dimer was slightly higher than its baseline and much lower than that in the effective subgroup, and the most high level appeared at the sixth hour and decreased quickly; moreover, the peak of F(1+2) appeared at the third hour and remained at high level for more than 40 hours, and then decreased to the trough which was near the baseline. In cerebral hemorrhage subgroup, the D-dimer peak (2551 +/- 68 microg/l) appeared at the third hour, which was 1.5-fold higher than that in effective subgroup (1895 +/- 89 microg/l), 5.0-fold higher than that in non-effective subgroup (531 +/- 46 microg/l), and 6.0-fold higher than its baseline, and kept higher level for more than 72 hours; meanwhile, the F(1+2) decreased remarkably and reached the trough which was far below its baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma F(1+2) and D-dimer levels are closely related to the different clinical outcomes after urokinase thrombolysis. Thrombotic-fibrinolytic imbalance might be one of the main reasons which affected the prognosis of ischemia stroke. Dynamic assay of the two biomarkers in plasma besides clinical observation might be helpful to predict the early prognosis of acute ischemia stroke during the process of urokinase thrombolysis.
authors.affiliation: Ninth Clinical Medical College of Beijing University, Beijing 100038, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Xunming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Baoyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuchuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011516:Prothrombin; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C036309:fibrin fragment D; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D011516:Prothrombin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator