title: In vitro synergistic effects of antituberculous drugs plus antifungals against Coccidioides posadasii.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro interactions of antituberculous drugs (ATDs) with antifungals against Coccidioides posadasii. Eighteen drug combinations, formed by an ATD (isoniazid, pyrazinamide or ethambutol) plus an antifungal (amphotericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole or caspofungin), were tested using the checkerboard method. All the antimicrobial combinations inhibited C. posadasii strains and synergistic interactions were observed for 10 combinations. Antagonism between the tested drugs was not observed. Stronger synergistic interactions were seen in the combinations formed by triazoles plus ethambutol as well as itraconazole plus pyrazinamide. Further studies in animal models are needed to confirm the usefulness of these combinations.
authors.affiliation: Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. ross@uece.br
authors.forename: Rossana de Aguiar
authors.initials: Rde A
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.forename: Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Brilhante
authors.forename: Marcos Fábio Gadelha
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Delia Jessica Astete
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Medrano
authors.forename: André Jalles
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Juliane Lira
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Rita Amanda Chaves
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Zoilo Pires
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: de Camargo
authors.forename: José Júlio Costa
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sidrim
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077336:Caspofungin; D003045:Coccidioides / Q000187:drug effects*; D003047:Coccidioidomycosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D054714:Echinocandins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000494:pharmacology; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000494:pharmacology; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D065819:Voriconazole
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D017964:Itraconazole; D000666:Amphotericin B; D004977:Ethambutol; D015725:Fluconazole; D000077336:Caspofungin; D065819:Voriconazole; D007654:Ketoconazole; D007538:Isoniazid