title: The moral, epistemic, and mindreading components of children's vigilance towards deception.
abstract: Vigilance towards deception is investigated in 3- to-5-year-old children: (i) In Study 1, children as young as 3 years of age prefer the testimony of a benevolent rather than of a malevolent communicator. (ii) In Study 2, only at the age of four do children show understanding of the falsity of a lie uttered by a communicator described as a liar. (iii) In Study 3, the ability to recognize a lie when the communicator is described as intending to deceive the child emerges around four and improves throughout the fifth and sixth year of life. On the basis of this evidence, we suggest that preference for the testimony of a benevolent communicator, understanding of the epistemic aspects of deception, and understanding of its intentional aspects are three functionally and developmentally distinct components of epistemic vigilance.
authors.affiliation: Institut Jean Nicod, UMR 8129, Pavillon Jardin, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 29 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France. olivier.mascaro@gmail.com
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mascaro
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sperber
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D026686:Beneficence; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D003210:Concept Formation; D008192:Deception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D009014:Morals; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012938:Social Perception; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology