title: Exercise training, NADPH oxidase p22phox gene polymorphisms, and hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress that is mediated through NADPH oxidase activity plays a role in the pathology of hypertension, and aerobic exercise training reduces NADPH oxidase activity. The involvement of genetic variation in the p22phox (CYBA) subunit genes in individual oxidative stress responses to aerobic exercise training has yet to be examined in Pre and Stage 1 hypertensives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four sedentary Pre and Stage 1 hypertensive adults underwent 6 months of aerobic exercise training at a level of 70% VO2max to determine whether the CYBA polymorphisms, C242T and A640G, were associated with changes in urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha), urinary nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic and subject characteristics were similar among genotype groups for both polymorphisms. At baseline, a significant (P = 0.03) difference among the C2424T genotype groups in 8-iso-PGF2alpha levels was detected, with the TT homozygotes having the lowest levels and the CC homozygotes having the highest levels. However, no differences were found at baseline between the A640G genotype groups. After 6 months of aerobic exercise training, there was a significant increase in VO2max (P < 0.0001) in the entire study population. In addition, there were significant increases in both urinary 8-iso-PGF2alpha (P = 0.002) and plasma TAC (P=0.03) levels and a significant decrease in endogenous urinary NOx (P < 0.0001). Overall, aerobic exercise training elicited no significant differences among genotype groups in either CYBA variant for any of the oxidative stress variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that compared with CYBA polymorphisms C242T and A640G, it was aerobic exercise training that had the greatest influence on the selected biomarkers; furthermore, our results suggest that the C242T CYBA variant influences baseline levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF2alpha but not the aerobic exercise-induced responses.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension, Molecular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. dlf@temple.edu
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Feairheller
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Joon-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Tina E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Brinkley
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hagberg
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: Nicola M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Fenty-Stewart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015237:Dinoprost; C023107:NADH oxidase; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C086986:CYBA protein, human