title: Evaluation of breast tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with tomographic diffuse optical spectroscopy: case studies of tumor region-of-interest changes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate two methods of summarizing tomographic diffuse optical spectroscopic (DOS) data through region-of-interest (ROI) analysis to differentiate complete from incomplete responses in patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant treatment and to estimate the standard deviations of these methods for power analysis of larger study designs in the future.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects participating in the HIPAA-compliant imaging study, approved by the institutional review board, provided written informed consent and were compensated for their examination participation. Seven of 16 cases in women with complete study data were analyzed by using both fixed- and variable-size (full-width-at-half-maximum) ROI measures of the DOS total hemoglobin concentration (Hb(T)), blood oxygen saturation, water fraction, optical scattering amplitude, and scattering power in the ipsilateral and contralateral breasts. Postsurgical histopathologic analysis was used to categorize patients as having a complete or incomplete treatment response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average normalized change in Hb(T) was the only DOS parameter to show significant differences (P < or = .05) in the pathologic complete response (pCR) and pathologic incomplete response (pIR) outcomes in seven patients. Mean values of the changes for fixed-size ROIs were -64.2% +/- 50.8 (standard deviation) and 16.9% +/- 38.2 for the pCR and pIR groups, respectively, and those for variable-size ROIs were -96.7% +/- 91.8, and 14.1% +/- 26.7 for the pCR and pIR groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tomographic DOS may provide findings predictive of therapeutic response, which could lead to superior individualized patient treatment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/2522081202/DC1.
authors.affiliation: Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. Shudong.jiang@dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: Shudong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Pogue
authors.forename: Colin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Poplack
authors.forename: Wendy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kogel
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Forero
authors.forename: Lori S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Muffly
authors.forename: Gary N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Keith D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D041622:Tomography, Optical / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents