title: Small (< or = 4 cm) cortical renal tumors: characterization with multidetector CT.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine if the pathology of small (< or = 4 cm) solid renal tumors can be predicted from findings on multidetector CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included 46 patients (median age, 60 years; range, 32-91 years; 27 males, 19 females) with 47 tumors who underwent triphasic renal CT with pathology correlation. Two radiologists reviewed CT studies blinded to pathology results and recorded the morphologic and enhancement features of the tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 47 tumors (median diameter, 2.5 cm; range, 0.6-4.0 cm) included: 26 (55%) clear cell renal cell carcinomas; 9 (19%) oncocytomas; 7 (15%) papillary renal cell carcinomas; 2 (4%) chromophobe renal cell carcinomas; 2 (4%) inflammatory pseudotumors; and 1 (2%) angiomyolipoma with minimal fat. Amongst the three commonest tumors, heterogeneity was seen in 23/26 (88%) clear cell renal cell carcinomas, 6/9 (67%) oncocytomas, and 2/7 (29%) papillary renal cell cancer. Median (minimum-maximum) absolute nephrographic phase enhancement (nephrographic minus unenhanced phase) was: clear cell renal cell carcinomas 65 HU (34-120), oncocytomas 80 HU (51-111), and papillary renal cell carcinomas 16 HU (7-32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Absolute nephrographic phase enhancement of < or = 32 HU distinguished papillary renal cell carcinomas from clear cell renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Ghazi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alshumrani
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: Sangeet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghai
authors.forename: Ur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Metser
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kachura
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finelli
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mattar
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Panzarella
mesh_terms: D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006104:Granuloma, Plasma Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed