title: Preventive effect of the flavonoid, quercetin, on hepatic cancer in rats via oxidant/antioxidant activity: molecular and histological evidences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is increasing in many countries. The estimated number of new cases annually is over 500,000, and the yearly incidence comprises between 2.5 and 7% of patients with liver cirrhosis. The incidence varies between different geographic areas, being higher in developing areas; males are predominantly affected, with a 2:3 male/female ratio
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were designed to examine the effect of N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) as cancer-inducer compound and to confirm the preventive effect of the flavonoid quercetin on hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Briefly, thirty six male albino rats of Wistar strain were divided into 3 groups: the 1st group was administered NDEA alone (NDEA-treated), the 2nd group was treated simultaneously with NDEA and quercetin (NDEA+Q) and the 3rd group was used as control (CON). Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) as well as p53-specifi PCR assays were employed to determine genomic difference between treated, and control animals. Histological confirmation as well as oxidant/antioxidant status of the liver tissue was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RAPD analysis of liver samples generated 8 monomorphic bands and 22 polymorphic bands in a total of 30-banded RAPD patterns. Cluster analysis and statistical analyses of RAPD data resulted in grouping control and NDEA+Q samples in the same group with 80% similarity cut-off value. NDEA-treated samples were clustered in a separate group. Specific PCR assay for polymorphism of P53 gene revealed a uniform pattern of allele separation in both control and NDEA+Q samples. Quercetin anticancer effect was exhibited in significant decrease of oxidative stress and significant decrease of antioxidant activity. Histopathological studies showed normal liver histology of the NDEA+Q samples. Meanwhile, several cancer-induced features were clearly observable in NDEA-treated samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper demonstrated that preventive effect of quercetin on hepatocarcinoma in rats by RAPD-PCR, tracing the effect on p53 gene and by histopathological evidence. Hereby, it was proved that quercetin exerted its preventive effect via decreased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant activity.
authors.affiliation: Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. alaaseufi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alaaeddeen M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Seufi
authors.forename: Safinz S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Tarek K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Elmaghraby
authors.forename: Elsayed E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hafez
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000633:toxicity; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D016877:Oxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011794:Quercetin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016877:Oxidants; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D011794:Quercetin