title: Computed tomography-assisted laparoscopic removal of intraabdominally migrated levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report three cases of migrated levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUS) into the pelvic/abdominal cavity removed laparoscopically with the aid of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients presenting with a missing LNG-IUS on examination and pelvic ultrasound are presented. A preoperative CT scan was performed, what helped in a successful removal of the LNG-IUS. The patients were discharged home the same day of the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our cases reinforce, besides the diagnosis of a migrated LNG-IUS by ultrasound, the fact that preoperative CT scan imaging assists in the diagnosis of the precise location of a migrated LNG-IUS into the pelvic/abdominal cavity and helps the physician in the prediction of the difficulty of the laparoscopic removal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamad S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: Zaher O
authors.initials: ZO
authors.lastname: Merhi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed