title: Proton radiation therapy for primary sphenoid sinus malignancies: treatment outcome and prognostic factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine treatment outcome and prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced primary sphenoid sinus malignancy treated with proton radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1991 and 2005, 20 patients with primary sphenoid sinus malignancy received proton beam to a median dose of 76 Gray equivalent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a median follow-up of 27 months, the 2-year local, regional, and freedom from distant metastasis rates were 86%, 86%, and 50%, respectively. The disease-free and overall-survival rates at 2 years were 31% and 53%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, oropharyngeal involvement (p = .005) and anterior cranial fossa invasion (p = .02) were predictive for poor disease-free survival rate. Brain invasion was predictive for decreased overall-survival rate (p = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proton radiation therapy results in excellent local control in patients with advanced primary sphenoid sinus malignancy. Brain invasion, involvement of the oropharynx and anterior cranial fossa are important prognostic factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. mttruong@partners.org
authors.forename: Minh Tam
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: Urmila R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.forename: Norbert J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Liebsch
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: Derrick T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Fred G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Jay S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Loeffler
authors.forename: Annie W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D035262:Cranial Fossa, Anterior / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000473:pathology; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011522:Protons; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013101:Sphenoid Sinus; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011522:Protons