title: Effects of quercetin and EGCG on mitochondrial biogenesis and immunity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the influence of 1000 mg of quercetin (Q) with or without 120 mg of epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), 400 mg of isoquercetin, and 400 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (Q-EGCG) on exercise performance, muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, and changes in measures of immunity and inflammation before and after a 3-d period of heavy exertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trained cyclists (N = 39) were randomized to placebo (P), Q, or Q-EGCG and ingested supplements in a double-blinded fashion for 2 wk before, during, and 1 wk after a 3-d period in which subjects cycled for 3 h x d(-1) at approximately 57% Wmax. Blood, saliva, and muscle biopsy samples were collected before and after 2 wk of supplementation and immediately after the exercise bout on the third day. Blood and saliva samples were also collected 14 h after exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-week supplementation resulted in a significant increase in plasma quercetin for Q and Q-EGCG and granulocyte oxidative burst activity (GOBA) in Q-EGCG. Immediately after the third exercise bout, significant decreases for C-reactive protein (CRP), and plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were measured in Q-EGCG compared with P. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and CRP were reduced in Q-EGCG 14 h after exercise. No group differences were measured in muscle messenger RNA expression for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator alpha, citrate synthase, or cytochrome c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-week supplementation with Q-EGCG was effective in augmenting GOBA andin countering inflammation after 3 d of heavy exertion in trained cyclists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA. niemandc@appstate.edu
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: Dru A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.forename: Kendra R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Ashley S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: McAnulty
authors.forename: Fuxia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: R Andrew
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shanely
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lines
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000187:drug effects; D011794:Quercetin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016753:Interleukin-10; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D002392:Catechin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D011794:Quercetin; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate