title: An infant with combination gene mutations for Monogenic Diabetes of Youth (MODY) 2 and 4, presenting with Diabetes Mellitus Requiring Insulin (DMRI) at 8 months of age.
abstract: Monogenic Diabetes of Youth (MODY) is an autosomal dominant form of diabetes. [Fajans SS, et al. NEJM 2001: 345: 971-980.] There are at least six different types of MODY, all of which involve a loss of function gene mutation that results in diminished insulin production. MODY2 results from a mutation in the glucokinase gene (GCK), which decreases enzyme activity. MODY4 results from a mutation in the insulin promoter factor-1 (IPF-1) gene, a transcription factor which regulates the transcription of insulin. [Sperling M, et al. NEJM 2006: 355: 507-510.] TJ presented at 8 months of age with diabetes mellitus requiring insulin (DMRI) with negative islet autoantibodies. She had a prolonged honeymoon period, as evidenced by her insulin requirement of 0.5 units/kg/day at three years of age. Genetic testing showed combination MODY2 (c.1019+18G >A) and MODY4 (c.226G>A) gene mutations. The father was homozygous for MODY2 and the mother was heterozygous for MODY4. [Athena Diagnostics Evaluations "2007 # 839 - Monogenic Diabetes (MODY) Evaluation for the patient, the patient's father, and the patient's mother] Neither parent had diabetes mellitus. The clinical course and negative islet autoantibodies support that the combination of benign MODY2 and MODY4 gene mutations in the parents resulted in DMRI in TJ.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Odem
authors.forename: Ethan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Munzinger
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Violand
authors.forename: Amie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Morlan
authors.forename: Danita
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rife
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bachrach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000235:genetics*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D015534:Trans-Activators; C084010:pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 protein; D005941:Glucokinase