title: Socioeconomic inequalities in the employment impact of ischaemic heart disease: a longitudinal record linkage study in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low socioeconomic status is associated with increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in many European and North American countries. We hypothesize that the adverse impact of having IHD may also be heavier in lower socioeconomic groups and may constitute a mechanism for generating or reinforcing social inequalities in health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population registers of the 1.8 million residents of Stockholm County were used to assess the employment consequences over five years of having a diagnosis of IHD (600 cases) requiring hospital admission in 1996. We calculated annual age-standardized employment rates and age-adjusted odds of leaving employment during 1997-2001 by social class for in-patients and the general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men and women who had an in-patient episode for IHD had lower age-standardized employment rates than the general population. Following hospital admission, the likelihood of patients with IHD leaving employment increased annually, and by 2001 their adjusted odds were almost four times greater (odds ratio 3.95, 95% confidence interval 3.23-4.83) than for the general population. The impact of IHD on employment was more severe with decreasing social class and patients employed in low-skilled manual occupations were significantly more likely to lose employment than professional workers with the same diagnosis. Within each social class patients had significantly higher odds of leaving employment than the general population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In spite of its progressive employment and rehabilitation policies, our study revealed considerable and socially differentiated employment consequences of IHD in Sweden. More account needs to be taken of such differential impact in health and social policy development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health, University of Liverpool, UK. p.j.holland@lancaster.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burström
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whitehead
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D010343:Patient Admission; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology