title: Surgical management of adult inferior turbinate hypertrophy: a systematic review of the evidence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The evidence-based medicine (EBM) schema advocates critical appraisal of the scientific literature for treatment of diseases. The objective of this review was to analyze the role of surgery for symptomatic adult inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) by focusing on the following question: In adults with nasal airway obstruction (NAO) from documented ITH having failed medical therapy, does inferior turbinate surgery improve disease-specific quality of life, symptoms, and/or objective parameters with minimum 6-month follow-up?.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evidence-based review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles for inclusion were identified by query of appropriate search terms in the PubMed database. The articles were reviewed independently by two authors and assigned an evidence level based on standard EBM guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search yielded 514 abstracts for review, retrieved 143 abstracts for full review, and included 96 articles in the report. The majority of the articles were assigned level 4 (75) or level 5 (18) evidence. One report was assigned level 1 and two reports were assigned level 2. Median number of patients reported was 50 (range, 1-533). Subjective assessment parameters were reported in 80 studies. Objective parameters were evaluated in 36 studies, including acoustic rhinometry or rhinomanometry (26) and mucociliary function (8). Overwhelming data supported efficacy of surgery for NAO from ITH with positive results reported in 93 studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The literature provides considerable level 4 and 5 evidence for efficacy of surgery for adult symptomatic ITH. Given the paucity of level 1 and 2 data, future studies should focus on prospective studies with matched control groups for comparison.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nasal and Sinus Disorders, Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. batrap@ccf.org
authors.forename: Pete S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: Allen M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Seiden
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D025363:Rhinomanometry; D023842:Rhinometry, Acoustic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014420:Turbinates / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*