[Use of mesenchymal stem cells from adult bone marrow for injured tissue repair].
Mesenchymal stem cells are known as being multipotent and exhibit the potential for differentiation into different cells/tissue lineages, including cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, tendon, and ligament. These pluripotent mesenchymal progenitor cells are denoted as stromal or mesenchymal stem cells. Bone marrow contains two main cell types: hematopoietic cells and stromal cells. The stem cells for non hematopoietic tissues are referred as mesenchymal cells because of their ability to differentiate as mesenchymal or stromal cells. Mesenchymal cells are easily obtainable from bone marrow by means of minimally invasive approach and can be expanded in culture and permitted to differentiate into the desired lineage. The differentiation can be reached by the application of bioactive signaling molecules, specific growth factors. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily member proteins such as the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-s) are the most important factors of chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. From the series of recently identified factors, BMP 2,4 and 7 may play an important role in chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation proteins. Little is known, however, about the signaling pathway involved in tenogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells, but there are some encouraging data about fibroblastic differentiation. The success of growth factor therapy needs a delivery system with biomaterials. Mesenchymal stem cells have become promising vehicles for gene therapy, cell therapy and tissue engineering. In present review, authors deal with the experimental investigations and with the clinical application of the adult bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells with bioactive molecules, growth factors.
Salamon
Antal
A
Vas Megyei Markusovszky Lajos Altalános és Rehabilitációs Gyógyfürdo Kórház, Egyetemi Oktató Kórház, Baleseti, Helyreállító és Kézsebészeti Osztály, Szombathely. salamon.antal@chello.hu
Toldy
Erzsébet
E
D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D010012:Osteogenesis; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000601:surgery
C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525809:BMP4 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta