title: Methadone as an analgesic for patients with chronic pain in methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited case reports have suggested a role for methadone as an analgesic for chronic pain in patients maintained on methadone for treatment of opiate addiction. Patients with HIV are disproportionately represented in this population and often have severe, debilitating chronic pain syndromes of multiple etiologies, including cancer-related pain syndromes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of initiating and maintaining additional methadone for chronic pain in HIV-positive patients with ongoing treatment for opiate addiction in methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective chart review of 53 HIV/AIDS patients (36 male, 1 7 female; 24 with cancer) with diverse chronic pain syndromes who were followed in an HIV Pain Clinic and were currently enrolled in an MMTP. The outcome measure was pain, assessed using a numeric rating scale (0-10). Incidence of heroin use was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean methadone dose initially prescribed for analgesia was approximately equal to 67 percent of the methadone dose used in the MMTP for addiction. Over the 12-month retrospective observation period, methadone was titrated to approximately 200 percent of the methadone maintenance dose. The mean pain score at initial visit to the Pain Clinic was 9.4 +/- 1.03. After methadone for analgesia has been administered for 1 month, the mean pain score decreased to 5.35 +/- 1.7 (p < 0.001), at 3 months, 4.8 +/- 1.3 (p < 0.001), at 6 months, 4.2 +/- 1.7 (p < 0.001), and at 12 months, 4.2 +/- 1.4 (p< 0.001). No serious adverse events or side effects were observed with methadone therapy for analgesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV/AIDS patients with chronic pain enrolled in MMTPs achieved improved analgesia with no serious side effects when additional methadone was administered for pain relief. Further controlled studies are needed to confirm our findings and to establish the safety and efficacy of methadone therapy for chronic pain in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Craig D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Blinderman
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Baohui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nillson
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shaiova
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D008691:Methadone