title: End-stage renal disease: in vivo diffusion-tensor imaging of silent white matter damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize and compare regional differences in anisotropy in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and in control subjects to understand the effect of ESRD and hemodialysis on the microstructures of white matter.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was approved by an institutional review board; written informed consent was obtained. From March 2007 to December 2007, 34 patients (16 men, 18 women; mean age, 40.0 years; range, 26-50 years) with ESRD who were undergoing dialysis and 35 control subjects (16 men, 19 women; mean age, 38.3 years; range, 25-49 years) were enrolled. There was no significant sex or age difference between the ESRD and control groups. By using a 1.5-T imager, fractional anisotropy (FA) data obtained at diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (echo-planar imaging, 33 directions; b value, 1000 sec/mm(2)) and at T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR imaging of the bilateral parietal, frontal, occipital, and temporal lobe white matter, as well as the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, were compared. The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) was administered to all participants at imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ESRD group had significantly lower FA values in all regions than the control group. FA values were generally lower in older patients and in those who had been undergoing dialysis for a longer duration. Duration of dialysis was more often than age found to be correlated with differences in FA values. In areas in which there was a significant correlation between age, duration, and FA values, the regression coefficients were greater for those who had been undergoing dialysis longer than for those who were older. Patients with ESRD had significantly lower CASI scores than control subjects (P = .03). There were no significant group differences in FLAIR values (P = .25-.89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in FA values may be used to follow-up white matter changes in patients with ESRD who are undergoing maintenance dialysis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/2523080484/DC1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsyh-Jyi
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Jer-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hung-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Miao-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Gin-Chang
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jui-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity