title: The effects of epidermal growth factor receptor activation and attenuation of the TGFbeta pathway in an orthotopic model of colon cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related mortality, with a majority of deaths resulting from metastases. Few in vivo models allow for the study of the complex process of metastasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of epidermal growth factor receptor activation and TGFbeta pathway attenuation in FET, a weakly tumorigenic human colon cancer cell line, in an orthotopic model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using FET, FETalpha, FETalphaDNRII, and FETDNRII cells were constructed. Tumors were orthotopically implanted onto the colons of BALB/c nude mice. After 7 wk, the mice were euthanized and organs extracted for examination. All cell lines demonstrated primary invasion. FETalpha was weakly metastatic compared with FETalphaDNRII and FETDNRII, which demonstrated metastases to the lung and liver, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation transforms a nontumorigenic cell line into a tumorigenic but not metastatic one. The tumorigenic line becomes metastatic with the attenuation of TGFbeta signaling. Loss of EGFR activation in the TGFbeta inhibited line results in a decreased metastatic burden, but importantly, changes the organotropic homing from lung to liver. Thus, these in vivo studies demonstrate that EGFR activation and TGFbeta signaling pathways play a role in tumorigenicity and in pattern of metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ongchin
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sharratt
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: Neka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simms
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cheney
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: LeVea
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brattain
authors.forename: Ashwani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajput
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D066246:ErbB Receptors