title: An observational study on the adherence to treatment guidelines of osteopenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteopenia/low bone mineral density (BMD) can lead to osteoporosis and is far more prevalent than osteoporosis. The National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) has recommendations for prevention and treatment of low BMD; however, the condition remains underrecognized and undertreated. We assessed practice patterns between physician knowledge of low BMD and prescribing of additional pharmacological therapies as defined by the NOF guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective, observational chart review of electronic medical records of 99 postmenopausal women aged > or =60 years with T-scores between -1.0 and -2.5 on baseline BMD done in 2003 at the Cleveland Clinic Women's Health Center. Counseling, advisement of weightbearing exercise, recommendation of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and adequate pharmacological therapy in the form of bisphosphonates, hormone therapy, or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) were assessed. The management of bone specialists credentialed both by the International Society of Clinical Densitometry and the North American Menopause Society and non-bone specialists was also compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone specialists were more likely than non-bone specialists to offer counseling in the form of letters, phone encounters, and follow-up office visits and recommend weightbearing exercises. Most physicians recommended calcium and vitamin D supplementation regardless of specialty. There is no significant difference in the prescribing of pharmacological agents vs. conservative measures for osteopenic postmenopausal women by non-bone specialists vs. bone specialists as defined by the NOF guidelines, such that non-bone specialists did not treat these women any less aggressively than did bone specialists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osteopenia is adequately managed in our institution regardless of physician group. However, non-bone specialists should consider more direct counseling about bone health and consider advisement of weightbearing exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. buencam@ccf.org
authors.forename: Maria Clarinda A
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Buencamino
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sikon
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Holly L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Thacker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D014807:Vitamin D