title: Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (Pal) of Gram-negative bacteria: function, structure, role in pathogenesis and potential application in immunoprophylaxis.
abstract: The protein Pal (peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein) is anchored in the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria and interacts with Tol proteins. Tol-Pal proteins form two complexes: the first is composed of three inner membrane Tol proteins (TolA, TolQ and TolR); the second consists of the TolB and Pal proteins linked to the cell's OM. These complexes interact with one another forming a multiprotein membrane-spanning system. It has recently been demonstrated that Pal is essential for bacterial survival and pathogenesis, although its role in virulence has not been clearly defined. This review summarizes the available data concerning the structure and function of Pal and its role in pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Godlewska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wiśniewska
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pietras
authors.forename: Elzbieta Katarzyna
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Jagusztyn-Krynicka
mesh_terms: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; D037521:Virulence Factors