title: Pilot study of Lokomat versus manual-assisted treadmill training for locomotor recovery post-stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While manually-assisted body-weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) has revealed improved locomotor function in persons with post-stroke hemiparesis, outcomes are inconsistent and it is very labor intensive. Thus an alternate treatment approach is desirable. Objectives of this pilot study were to: 1) compare the efficacy of body-weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) combined with the Lokomat robotic gait orthosis versus manually-assisted BWSTT for locomotor training post-stroke, and 2) assess effects of fast versus slow treadmill training speed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen volunteers with chronic hemiparetic gait (0.62 +/- 0.30 m/s) post-stroke were randomly allocated to Lokomat (n = 8) or manual-BWSTT (n = 8) 3x/wk for 4 weeks. Groups were also stratified by fast (mean 0.92 +/- 0.15 m/s) or slow (0.58 +/- 0.12 m/s) training speeds. The primary outcomes were self-selected overground walking speed and paretic step length ratio. Secondary outcomes included: fast overground walking speed, 6-minute walk test, and a battery of clinical measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in primary outcomes were revealed between Lokomat and manual groups as a result of training. However, within the Lokomat group, self-selected walk speed, paretic step length ratio, and four of the six secondary measures improved (p = 0.04-0.05, effect sizes = 0.19-0.60). Within the manual group, only balance scores improved (p = 0.02, effect size = 0.57). Group differences between fast and slow training groups were not revealed (p > or = 0.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that Lokomat training may have advantages over manual-BWSTT following a modest intervention dose in chronic hemiparetic persons and further, that our training speeds produce similar gait improvements. Suggestions for a larger randomized controlled trial with optimal study parameters are provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA. kpwestlake@radmail.radiology.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Kelly P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Westlake
authors.forename: Carolynn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patten
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking