title: Measurement, simulation and uncertainty assessment of implant heating during MRI.
abstract: The heating of tissues around implants during MRI can pose severe health risks, and careful evaluation is required for leads to be labeled as MR conditionally safe. A recent interlaboratory comparison study has shown that different groups can produce widely varying results (sometimes with more than a factor of 5 difference) when performing measurements according to current guidelines. To determine the related difficulties and to derive optimized procedures, two different generic lead structures have been investigated in this study by using state-of-the-art temperature and dosimetric probes, as well as simulations for which detailed uncertainty budgets have been determined. The agreement between simulations and measurements is well within the combined uncertainty. The study revealed that the uncertainty can be kept below 17% if appropriate instrumentation and procedures are applied. Optimized experimental assessment techniques can be derived from the findings presented herein.
authors.affiliation: Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS), Zurich, Switzerland. Computer Vision Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland. neufeld@itis.ethz.ch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neufeld
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szekely
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuster
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature / Q000528:radiation effects; D002056:Burns / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008954:Models, Biological; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*