title: The effects of mindfulness-based yoga during pregnancy on maternal psychological and physical distress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the feasibility and level of acceptability of a mindful yoga intervention provided during pregnancy and to gather preliminary data on the efficacy of the intervention in reducing distress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline and post-treatment measures examined state and trait anxiety, perceived stress, pain, and morning salivary cortisol in a single treatment group. Postintervention data also included participant evaluation of the intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 7 weeks mindfulness-based yoga group intervention combined elements of Iyengar yoga and mindfulness-based stress reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy pregnant nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies between 12 and 32 weeks gestation at the time of enrollment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes were evaluated from pre- to postintervention and between second and third trimesters with repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc nonparametric tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women practicing mindful yoga in their second trimester reported significant reductions in physical pain from baseline to postintervention compared with women in the third trimester whose pain increased. Women in their third trimester showed greater reductions in perceived stress and trait anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary evidence supports yoga's potential efficacy in these areas, particularly if started early in the pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Walden University, 155 Fifth Avenue South, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA. abeddoe@baymoon.com
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Beddoe
authors.forename: Chin-Po
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Paul Yang
authors.forename: Holly Powell
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015013:Yoga
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone