title: Awareness of hepatitis C virus transmission routes among patients, their household contacts and health care staff: does perception match the reality?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The worldwide seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection is around 3%. Since there is no effective vaccine, a major effort should be given to counselling both HCV-infected patients and those at risk of infection. Our aim was to determine the awareness of the transmission routes of hepatitis C virus in health care staff (HC staff), HCV-infected patients and their household contacts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A reliable and valid self-report inquiry consisting of 14 questions was completed by 397 HC staff (75 first-year, 75 last-year medical students, 89 dentists, 71 pharmacists, 87 nurses), 68 HCV-infected patients and 62 household contacts. All subjects were asked about the various modes of transmission of hepatitis C virus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-seven percent of the HC staff, 85% of hepatitis C virus patients and 90% of household contacts were aware of the parenteral transmission of hepatitis C virus. Ninety percent of HC staff, 54% of hepatitis C virus patients and 66% of household contacts admitted the role of sexual transmission, with significant difference between the subgroups of HC staff (p<0.05). Fifteen percent of the first-year medical students did not consider sexual contact as a mode of transmission. Sharing personal items such as toothbrushes, razors and nail scissors were considered as risk factors for transmission by 94% of HC staff, 44% of hepatitis C virus patients and 71% of their household contacts. Skin contact, sharing clothes and using the same toilet were considered hazardous by 18%, 14% and 26% of the HC staff, respectively. Skin contact and using the same toilet were considered as risk factors (and/or were unknown) by 30% and 44% of the hepatitis C virus patients and by 36% and 51% of the household contacts, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transmission of hepatitis C virus by blood and blood products was better recognized in all groups tested, but the other means of infection were either overestimated (skin contact, sharing toilet and clothes) or under-recognized (blood-contaminated objects). More vigorous education programs are needed to increase awareness of hepatitis C virus in various risk groups in our country.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. arzutiftikci@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiftikçi
authors.forename: Ozlen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Atuğ
authors.forename: Nurdan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tözün
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003815:Dentists; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses; D010595:Pharmacists; D012307:Risk Factors; D013337:Students, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult