title: In vivo activity of anprocide alone, and in vitro activity in combination with conventional antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms.
abstract: The alarming spread of multiple drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, combined with the frequent occurrence of S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in biofilm-type infections, indicates a growing need for new therapies. The experimental steroidal amide anprocide [3beta-acetoxy-17beta-(l-prolyl)amino-5alpha-androstane] significantly reduced c.f.u. ml(-1) per suture (P <0.0001) in a murine model of topical S. aureus infection. In chequerboard assays with planktonic-grown S. aureus and S. epidermidis, anprocide was synergistic with bacitracin, oxacillin, clindamycin or ceftriaxone. Anprocide was also synergistic in combination with bacitracin or oxacillin against some isolates of biofilm-grown S. aureus and S. epidermidis.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
authors.forename: Robin K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Pettit
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
authors.forename: Stacey B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Pettit
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kean
authors.affiliation: Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA.
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Cage
mesh_terms: D000731:Androstanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D051379:Mice; D011392:Proline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013207:Staphylococcal Skin Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C417166:3-acetoxy-17-prolylaminoandrostane; D000731:Androstanes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011392:Proline