title: Presence of HCV-RNA after ultracentrifugation of serum samples during the follow-up of chronic hepatitis C patients with a sustained virological response may predict reactivation of hepatitis C virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concentration of viral particles by ultracentrifugation of serum prior to PCR allows detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in patients with undetectable viral RNA by conventional PCR assays.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse if HCV-RNA is detected after serum ultracentrifugation in chronic hepatitis C patients with a sustained virological response to antiviral therapy (defined as serum HCV-RNA negativity by conventional assays 6 months after the end of therapy).
  
  
  METHODS
  HCV-RNA was tested using real-time PCR in ultracentrifuged sera collected during the post-treatment follow-up (mean: 42 +/- 27 months) in 57 sustained virological responders (SVR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After serum ultracentrifugation, HCV-RNA was detected on at least one occasion during the follow-up in 29/57 (51%) SVR. Thirteen (23%) of these 57 SVR suffered a reactivation 18 +/- 8 months after the end of therapy (reappearance of serum HCV-RNA detectable by conventional assays). Among reactivated patients, 11/13 (85%) had HCV-RNA in ultracentrifuged serum samples (detectable 10 +/- 5 months before reactivation), while HCV-RNA was positive after ultracentrifugation in 18/44 (41%) long-term SVR (P = 0.01). Persistence of detectable HCV-RNA after serum ultracentrifugation was associated with reactivation (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum ultracentrifugation prior to PCR allows detection of HCV-RNA in SVR and its persistence may predict late reactivation.
authors.affiliation: Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain. fehvhpa@fehv.org
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartolomé
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Quiroga
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barril
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carreño
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D012008:Recurrence; D014461:Ultracentrifugation; D014771:Virion / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral