title: Effects of gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues on human endometrial stromal cells and embryo invasion in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues are widely used in IVF programmes as a method of suppressing the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge prior to ovarian stimulation, but their roles outside the pituitary remain relatively unknown. A 2002 Cochrane review (Al-Inany et al. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists for assisted conception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;3:CD001750) described lower pregnancy rates in women administered with GnRH antagonist, compared with those using an agonist, as part of an IVF programme, despite the fact that GnRH antagonist is a more effective repressor of LH. This study aimed to analyse the in-vitro effects of GnRH analogues on the decidualizing endometrium, blastocyst invasion and GnRH receptor expression in fertile women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed the in-vitro decidualization capacity of endometrial stromal cells, derived from fertile women during the implantation window, in the presence of GnRH analogues. The influence of GnRH analogues on GnRH receptor expression and blastocyst invasion was assessed by in-vitro assays of biomedical marker secretion, immunoblots and blastocyst attachment to the stromal extracellular matrix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate that, at the concentrations and time periods used, GnRH analogues did not significantly influence the extent of decidualization of endometrial stromal cells. In addition, no adverse effect of GnRH analogues was seen on human blastocyst invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that GnRH analogues affect neither the capacity of the endometrium to support invasion nor the invasive potential of the blastocyst in the early stages of implantation.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Level 3, The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: Petra A B
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Klemmt
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Janet G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Carver
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brosi
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: Helen J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mardon
authors.forename: Enda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McVeigh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002064:Buserelin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003656:Decidua / Q000187:drug effects; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods; D011966:Receptors, LHRH / Q000378:metabolism; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D011966:Receptors, LHRH; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; C062876:cetrorelix; D002064:Buserelin