title: Effect of oxygenated liquid additives on the urea based SNCR process.
abstract: An experimental investigation was performed to study the effect of oxygenated liquid additives, H(2)O(2), C(2)H(5)OH, C(2)H(4)(OH)(2) and C(3)H(5)(OH)(3) on NO(x) removal from flue gases by the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process using urea as a reducing agent. Experiments were performed with a 150kW pilot scale reactor in which a simulated flue gas was generated by the combustion of methane operating with 6% excess oxygen in flue gases. The desired levels of initial NO(x) (500ppm) were achieved by doping the fuel gas with ammonia. Experiments were performed throughout the temperature range of interest, i.e. from 800 to 1200 degrees C for the investigation of the effects of the process additives on the performance of aqueous urea DeNO(x). With H(2)O(2) addition a downward shift of 150 degrees C in the peak reduction temperature from 1130 to 980 degrees C was observed during the experimentation, however, the peak reduction efficiency was reduced from 81 to 63% when no additive was used. The gradual addition of C(2)H(5)OH up to a molar ratio of 2.0 further impairs the peak NO(x) reduction efficiency by reducing it to 50% but this is accompanied by a downward shift of 180 degrees C in the peak reduction temperature. Further exploration using C(2)H(4)(OH)(2) suggested that a 50% reduction could be attained for all the temperatures higher than 940 degrees C. The use of C(3)H(5)(OH)(3) as a secondary additive has a significant effect on the peak reduction efficiency that decreased to 40% the reductions were achievable at a much lower temperature of 800 degrees C showing a downward shift of 330 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore Islamabad, Pakistan. m.t.javed@pieas.edu.pk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tayyeb Javed
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nimmo
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: Naseem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Irfan
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019855:Ethylene Glycol