title: Increased insulin resistance and risk of incident cerebrovascular events in patients with pre-existing atherothrombotic disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are known risk factors for ischaemic stroke. Our aim was to examine whether amongst patients with pre-existing atherothrombotic disease, increased insulin resistance is associated with incident cerebrovascular events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with stable coronary heart disease included in a secondary prevention trial were followed up for a mean of 6.2 years. Coronary heart disease was documented by a history of myocardial infarction > or =6 months and <5 years before enrollment and/or stable angina pectoris with evidence of ischaemia confirmed by ancillary diagnostic testing. Main exclusion criteria were insulin treated diabetes, hepatic or renal failure, and disabling stroke. Baseline insulin levels were measured in 2938 patients from stored frozen plasma samples and increased insulin resistance assessed using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), categorized into tertiles or quartiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Crude rates of incident cerebrovascular events rose from 5.0% for HOMA-IR at the bottom tertile to 5.7% at the middle tertile, and 7.0% at the top tertile (P = 0.07). HOMA-IR at the top versus bottom tertile was associated with an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.37 (95%CI, 0.94-1.98) and a 1-unit increase in the ln HOMA-IR was associated with a HR of 1.14 (95%CI, 0.97-1.35). In further analyses adjusting for potential confounders, or categorizing baseline HOMA-IR into quartiles, or excluding diabetic patients, we did not identify an increased risk for incident cerebrovascular events conferred by the top category.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased insulin resistance did not predict incident cerebrovascular events amongst patients with pre-existing atherothrombotic disease.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. tanne@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tanne
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tenenbaum
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Boyko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benderly
authors.forename: E Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Fisman
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Matas
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin