title: Estimating nurses' workload using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the methods used to estimate nurse staffing levels in acute care settings with Diagnosis Related Groups, which in Japan are called the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  For estimating staffing requirements, the study used four DPC groups: (1) acute or recurrent myocardial infarction (AMI) with stenting, (2) angina pectoris with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), (3) sub-arachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) with clipping surgery, and (4) cerebral infarction with carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Registered nurses with more than 3-year nursing experience in nine university hospitals in the Tokyo metropolitan area completed self-report questionnaires in order to obtain nursing care time and care intensity per each DPC. The concordance rate was measured by Kendall's coefficient of concordance. The relationship between the care time and the care intensity was examined by a time series graph per DPC. Care intensity consisted of professional judgement, mental effort for helping patients, professional skill, physical effort for providing activities of daily living support, and nurse stress, based on the Hsiao and colleagues' model of resource-based relative value scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five nurses in nine university hospitals answered for a hypothetical typical patient with AMI and with CABG, and 28 nurses in nine university hospitals answered for a hypothetical typical patient with SAH and with CEA. Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.896 for AMI, 0.855 for CABG, 0.848 for SAH, 0.854 for CEA. The time series data of the care time and the care intensity items showed different patterns for each DPC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DPC for cardiovascular and cerebral surgical procedures can be used for estimating nurses' workload.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan. ukamijo@gipac.shinshu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamijo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanda
mesh_terms: D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007564:Japan; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload