title: Feasibility and safety of multiple daily insulin injections in general medicine wards.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intravenous insulin improves clinical outcome in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Whether glucose control with multiple daily subcutaneous insulin injections (MDI) is beneficial in patients hospitalized in general medical wards is unknown. We tested the feasibility, safety and efficacy of glucose control with MDI in diabetic patients hospitalized in a general medicine ward.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight adults with diabetes mellitus were studied in an internal medicine department. All patients were treated with subcutaneous pre-meal insulin analogue and Glargin insulin. A conservative and an intensified protocol was tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean daily glucose levels decreased in the conservatively treated patients from 275+/-71 mg/dl at day 1 to 197.0+/-60 mg/dl at day 4 of hospitalization p=0.0001 and in the intensified protocol to 191+/-38 mg/dl already on day 1 remaining stable throughout the hospitalization. A mean daily glucose <180 mg% was reached by day 2 in 48% of patients in the intensified and in 32% in the conservative groups. Only one serious event of hypoglycemia was noted in the intensified group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensive insulin treatment with MDI is feasible, safe and efficacious in general medicine wards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine C, Assaf Harofe Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel. aebuchs@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Andreas E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Buchs
authors.forename: Renske
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bloemers
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shiloah
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: Soffie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aminov
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ramot
authors.forename: Micha J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005215:Fasting; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D007388:Internal Medicine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting