title: Wound infiltration with Bupivacaine versus Ketorolac for postoperative pain relief in minor to moderate surgeries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the analgesic efficacy of Bupivacaine 0.25% wound infiltration with Ketorolac incisional infiltration in relieving postoperative pain for first twenty-four hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analytical, interventional and comparative study was performed on seventy patients, of both sexes, with varied age groups. Patients underwent minor and moderate surgeries, confined to American Society of Anaesthesiologist ASA category 1-II. Patients were selected by convenience sampling and were divided into two groups i.e. Group I and Group II. Group-I comprised of thirty five patients and were infiltrated with Bupivacaine 0.25% at wound margins postoperatively. Group-II also comprised of thirty-five patients and were infiltrated with Ketorolac at wound margins 60 mg postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bupivacaine 0.25% wound infiltration had onset of action within 4 +/- 2 minutes. Percentage pain relief was 80% in minor surgeries and 60% in moderate surgeries. Duration of action lasted for 8 +/- 2 hours regarding minor surgeries while it was 6 +/- 1 hours for moderate surgeries. Ketorolac incisional infiltration had onset of analgesic action within 10 +/- 5 minutes. Duration of action lasted for 6 +/- 1 hours regarding minor surgeries while it was 4 +/- 2 hours regarding moderate surgeries. Percentage pain relief was 60% in minor surgeries and 50% in moderate surgeries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wound infiltration with Bupivacaine 0.25% was better for postoperative pain relief in comparison with Ketorolac regarding percentage pain relief, onset and duration of action.
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesia Department, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Mohammad Irfan
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.forename: Jawad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaheer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002045:Bupivacaine; D020910:Ketorolac