title: RIG-I-like receptors: sensing and responding to RNA virus infection.
abstract: Viral and microbial pathogens contain specific motifs or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by cell surface- and endosome-associated Toll-like receptors (TLRs). RNA virus infection is also detected through TLR-independent mechanisms. Early viral replicative intermediates are detected by two recently characterized cystolic viral RNA receptors-RIG-I and MDA-5. Both are DExDH/box RNA helicases, and RIG-I specifically recognizes 5'-triphosphate containing viral RNA and transmits signals that induce type I interferon-mediated host immunity against virus infection. In this review, we will focus on RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signal transduction and the regulatory mechanisms - ubiquitination, deubiquitination, ISGylation - underlying this important host response.
authors.affiliation: The Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nakhaei
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Genin
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Civas
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hiscott
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D012367:RNA, Viral; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases