title: Botulinum toxin A for treatment of upper limb spasticity following stroke: a multi-centre randomized placebo-controlled study of the effects on quality of life and other person-centred outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Botulinum toxin is known to relieve upper limb spasticity, which is a disabling complication of stroke. We examined its effect on quality of life and other person-centred perspectives.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six patients were randomized (mean age 59.5 years) at least 6 months post-stroke. Mean time since stroke was 5.9 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received either botulinum toxin type A or placebo into the affected distal upper limb muscles on 2 occasions, 12 weeks apart. Assessment was undertaken at baseline, 8, 12, 20 and 24 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the Assessment of Quality of Life scale (AQoL). Secondary outcome assessments included Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), pain, mood, global benefit, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), disability and carer burden.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups did not differ significantly with respect to quality of life, pain, mood, disability or carer burden. However, patients treated with botulinum toxin type A had significantly greater reduction in spasticity (MAS) (p < 0.001), which translated into higher GAS scores (p < 0.01) and greater global benefit (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although no change in quality of life was demonstrated using the AQoL, botulinum toxin type A was found to be safe and efficacious in reducing upper limb spasticity and improving the ability to achieve personal goals.
authors: Box Hill Hospital & Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: McCrory
authors: Lynne
authors: L
authors: Turner-Stokes
authors: Ian J
authors: IJ
authors: Baguley
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: De Graaff
authors: Pesi
authors: P
authors: Katrak
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Sandanam
authors: Leo
authors: L
authors: Davies
authors: Melinda
authors: M
authors: Munns
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A