title: Low levels of Th1-type cytokines and increased levels of Th2-type cytokines in kidney transplant recipients with active cytomegalovirus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major complication after kidney transplantation. It is clear that Th1 and Th2 cell subsets are of major importance in determining the class of immunoprotective function in infectious diseases. Given the strong influence exerted by Th1- and Th2-type immunity on the outcome of infections, we felt it important to elucidate the levels of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines to CMV-related antigens in kidney recipients and to identify antigens that play an essential role in preventing the development of CMV infection and/or disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty subjects were followed for CMV infection by the antigenemia assay. We investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) responses to five CMV-related peptide antigens (pp65, gB, pp150, pp28, and pp38). Stimulation index was determined by radioactive thymidine uptake, while the production of Th1-type cytokines (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and Th2-type cytokines (interleukins-4 and -10) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of Th1-type cytokine production after stimulating PBMCs with CMV-related antigens gB and pp150 resulted in significant decreases in the levels of interferon-gamma, while pp65, pp150, and pp38 produced significant decreases in the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha between the two groups (P < .05). For Th2-type cytokines only pp28 produced a significant increase in the level of interleukin-10 between the two groups (P < .05). Regarding the Th1:Th2 ratios, a lower Th1-bias was observed among the CMV-positive patients for PBMCs stimulated with three CMV-related antigens (pp65, pp38, and pp28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low levels of Th1-type cytokines and increased levels of Th2-type cytokines upon stimulation with CMV-related peptide antigens were associated with reduced cell-mediated immunity to CMV, thus seeming to correlate with active CMV infections.
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Safat, Kuwait. sahar@hsc.edu.kw
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Essa
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Pacsa
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Raghupathy
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Said
authors: M R N
authors: MR
authors: Nampoory
authors: K V
authors: KV
authors: Johny
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Al-Nakib
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014766:Viremia / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016207:Cytokines