title: Preventive effects of oligomerized polyphenol on estradiol-induced prostatitis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS, NIH category III) accounts for 90-95% of prostatitis cases. However, standard treatment has not yet been established. It is known that polyphenols have an inhibitory effect on inflammation by their antioxidative capacity, and oligonol, a polyphenol derivative, has much higher bioavailability and bioactivity than common polyphenols. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of oligonol in estradiol-induced prostatitis rat models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prostatitis was induced by 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in Wistar male rats (n = 20). Ten rats were placed in the oligonol-treated group and 10 in the E2 + DHT-treated group. The other 10 rats were also included as normal control group. Oligonol (60 mg/kg/day) was administered via gavage tube for 4 weeks. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were quantified, and phosphorylation of IkappaBa and histological changes were also evaluated in prostatic tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SOD and GPx activity showed tendencies to increase in the oligonol-treated group compared to the normal control group. TNF-alpha expression was slightly reduced in the oligonol-treated group. Western blotting demonstrated that phosphorylation of IkappaBa in the oligonol-treated group was significantly lower than in the normal control group. The E2 + DHT-treated group revealed severe atrophy of acinar epithelial cells and infiltration of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the prostate, however, the oligonol-treated group showed overall reduction in inflammatory features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that oligonol improves estradiol-induced non-bacterial prostatitis by regulating phosphorylation of IkappaBa. These findings suggest that oligonol has a beneficial effect on prevention and treatment of CP/CPPS.
authors: Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsan-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Dong Suk
authors: DS
authors: Kim
authors: Eun Jin
authors: EJ
authors: Lee
authors: Kang Su
authors: KS
authors: Cho
authors: So Jung
authors: SJ
authors: Yoon
authors: Young Hoon
authors: YH
authors: Lee
authors: Sung Joon
authors: SJ
authors: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059808:Polyphenols; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004958:Estradiol; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase