title: Development of a gene silencing DNA vector derived from a broad host range geminivirus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gene silencing is proving to be a powerful tool for genetic, developmental, and physiological analyses. The use of viral induced gene silencing (VIGS) offers advantages to transgenic approaches as it can be potentially applied to non-model systems for which transgenic techniques are not readily available. However, many VIGS vectors are derived from Gemini viruses that have limited host ranges. We present a new, unipartite vector that is derived from a curtovirus that has a broad host range and will be amenable to use in many non-model systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The construction of a gene silencing vector derived from the geminivirus Beet curly top virus (BCTV), named pWSRi, is reported. Two versions of the vector have been developed to allow application by biolistic techniques or by agro-infiltration. We demonstrate its ability to silence nuclear genes including ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcS), transketolase, the sulfur allele of magnesium chelatase (ChlI), and two homeotic transcription factors in spinach or tomato by generating gene-specific knock-down phenotypes. Onset of phenotypes occurred 3 to 12 weeks post-inoculation, depending on the target gene, in organs that developed after the application. The vector lacks movement genes and we found no evidence for significant spread from the site of inoculation. However, viral amplification in inoculated tissue was detected and is necessary for systemic silencing, suggesting that signals generated from active viral replicons are efficiently transported within the plant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unique properties of the pWSRi vector, the ability to silence genes in meristem tissue, the separation of virus and silencing phenotypes, and the broad natural host range of BCTV, suggest that it will have wide utility.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. egolenb@biology.biosci.wayne.edu.
authors: Edward M
authors: EM
authors: Golenberg
authors: D Noah
authors: DN
authors: Sather
authors: Leandria C
authors: LC
authors: Hancock
authors: Kenneth J
authors: KJ
authors: Buckley
authors: Natalie M
authors: NM
authors: Villafranco
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Bisaro