title: The relationship of oxidative stress and cholesterol with dipping status before and after aerobic exercise training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic exercise training (AEXT) on dipping status in pre-hypertensive and stage-1 hypertensive individuals. A secondary purpose was to evaluate whether AEXT alters oxidative stress and endothelial biomarkers correlated to dipping status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three subjects underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at baseline and after 6 months of AEXT. AEXT consisted of training at 70% VO(2max) 3 days/week for 6 months. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), triglycerides, urinary and plasma nitric oxide end-products, superoxide dismutase and 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) were measured before and after AEXT. Statistically, ANOVA and linear regression were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before and after AEXT, there were no significant differences between dippers and non-dippers in any of the biomarkers except for total cholesterol following AEXT. In a sub-analysis following AEXT, 14 subjects retained their original dipping status, five subjects changed from dippers to non-dippers and four subjects changed from non-dippers to dippers. Significant differences existed between these groups in changes in total and LDL-cholesterol, ox-LDL, 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and % Dip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in cholesterol levels but not oxidative stress or endothelial biomarkers were related to changes in BP variables following AEXT in dippers and non-dippers.
authors: Hypertension, Molecular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
authors: Kathleen M
authors: KM
authors: Sturgeon
authors: Nicola M
authors: NM
authors: Fenty-Stewart
authors: Keith M
authors: KM
authors: Diaz
authors: Tina E
authors: TE
authors: Brinkley
authors: Thomas C
authors: TC
authors: Dowling
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D014280:Triglycerides