title: Distribution of self-rated health and association with clinical parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data on self-rated health (SRH) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are very limited; we therefore initiated this study to investigate the distribution of SRH and association with established parameters of disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 135 clinically stable patients with COPD (64 +/- 8 years, 71% men, GOLD stage: II -59; III -55; IV -21) and 25 healthy control persons. SRH was evaluated using the 5-grade Likert scale (1-very poor to 5-very good).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with COPD had poorer SRH when compared with controls (3.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.6, P < 0.001). SRH decreased over GOLD stage (P = 0.016) and 27 (20%) patients reported poor or very poor SRH. In univariate analysis, GOLD stage (P = 0.022), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) score (P = 0.001), BODE index score (P < 0.001), score on the modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea scale (P < 0.001) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance (P < 0.001) determined poor or very poor SRH. In a multivariate model which included BODE index score, a CES-D score > or = 16 (P = 0.013) and BODE index score (P = 0.012) determined poor or very poor SRH. In the model with individual components of the BODE index, a CES-D score > or = 16 (P = 0.012), MMRC score of 3 or 4 (P = 0.019) and 6MWT distance < or = 249 m (P = 0.019) determined poor or very poor SRH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with COPD, SRH is worse than in healthy control persons and deteriorates over GOLD stage. Perception of health as poor or very poor is associated with psychological components (CES-D score) and disease severity (BODE index score, 6MWT distance and MMRC dyspnea score).
authors: University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. jerneja.farkas@mf.uni-lj.si
authors: Jerneja
authors: J
authors: Farkas
authors: Mitja
authors: M
authors: Kosnik
authors: Lijana
authors: L
authors: Zaletel-Kragelj
authors: Matjaz
authors: M
authors: Flezar
authors: Stanislav
authors: S
authors: Suskovic
authors: Mitja
authors: M
authors: Lainscak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012803:Sick Role