title: Comprehensive analysis of the clinical significance of inducing pluripotent stemness-related gene expression in colorectal cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously determined that cancer stem-like cells may influence the susceptibility of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Although Takahashi and Park identified a set of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-related genes required for normal stem cell maintenance, the precise role of iPS-related gene expression in CRC pathogenesis remains to be determined. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical relevance of "stemness"-regulating gene expression in CRC cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cancer cells were excised from tissues of 79 CRC cases by laser microdissection (LMD), and quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate expression levels of the iPS-related genes c-MYC, SOX2, OCT3/4, LIN28, KLF4, and NANOG, and to identify any associations between their expression and clinicopathological CRC progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that LIN28 expression is significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.018) and Dukes stage (p = 0.0319). SOX2expression is also correlated with lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, the ten cases with Dukes D disease expressed significantly higher levels of SOX2transcript than the other 69 cases (p = 0.0136). In contrast, KLF4 expression was inversely related to Dukes stage. Expression of c-MYC, OCT3/4, and NANOG did not appear to have clinical relevance in CRC cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present analysis strongly suggests that altered expression of several iPS-related genes plays a role in CRC pathogenesis.
authors: Department of Surgery, Takano Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: Yasumitsu
authors: Y
authors: Saiki
authors: Shinya
authors: S
authors: Ishimaru
authors: Koshi
authors: K
authors: Mimori
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Takatsuno
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Nagahara
authors: Hideshi
authors: H
authors: Ishii
authors: Kazutaka
authors: K
authors: Yamada
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Mori
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007834:Lasers; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D042282:Microdissection; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; C000715187:Lin28A protein, human; C489427:MYC protein, human; C486780:NANOG protein, human; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors