title: Adjustment of serum markers in first trimester screening.
abstract: First trimester combined screening can be performed using maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, total human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and ultrasound measurement of nuchal translucency at 11-13 weeks of pregnancy. Our objective was to explore the effects of covariates on total hCG in the first trimester. First trimester total hCG levels were significantly increased in twins (median = 1.87 MoM), mildly increased in pregnancies achieved by in vitro fertilization (1.04 MoM) and decreased in smokers (0.80 MoM).
authors: Division of Medical Screening and Special Testing, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, 70 Elm Street, Providence, RI 02903 USA. gmesserl@wihri.org
authors: Geralyn
authors: G
authors: Lambert-Messerlian
authors: Glenn E
authors: GE
authors: Palomaki
authors: Jacob A
authors: JA
authors: Canick
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D048208:Nuchal Translucency Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A