title: The value of self-report assessment of adherence, rhinitis and smoking in relation to asthma control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the utility of self-report measures of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) adherence, degree of rhinitis and smoking status and their association with asthma control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients prescribed ICS for asthma at 85 UK practices were sent validated questionnaire measures of control (Asthma Control Questionnaire; ACQ) and adherence (Medication Adherence Report Scale), a two-item measure of smoking status, and a single-item measure of rhinitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete anonymised questionnaires were available for 3916 participants. Poor asthma control (ACQ >1.5) was associated with reported rhinitis (OR = 4.62; 95% CI: 3.71-5.77), smoking (OR = 4.33; 95% CI: 3.58-5.23) and low adherence to ICS (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.18-1.55). The degree of rhinitis was important, with those reporting severe rhinitis exhibiting the worst asthma control, followed by those reporting mild rhinitis and then those reporting no rhinitis symptoms (F(2, 3913)=128.7, p<.001). There was a relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked each day and asthma control (F(5,655)=6.08, p<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor asthma control is associated with self-reported rhinitis, smoking and low medication adherence. These potentially modifiable predictors of poor asthma control can be identified through a brief self-report questionnaire, used routinely as part of an asthma review.
authors: Centre for Behavioural Medicine, Department of Practice and Policy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, BMA House, London, UK.
authors: Jane
authors: J
authors: Clatworthy
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Price
authors: Dermot
authors: D
authors: Ryan
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Haughney
authors: Rob
authors: R
authors: Horne
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications*; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents