title: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: ultrasonographic spectrum of the disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this series was to determine the spectrum of findings on gray scale trans-abdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) in pathologically proven cases of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and correlate them with gross morphologic and pathologic findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The series included 18 patients with a primary GIST tumor detected on preoperative TAUS. The ultrasonographic findings were evaluated for features such as tumor size, shape, margin, echogenicity, and presence of fluid components, and the features were compared with morphologic and pathologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the primary GISTs were hypoechoic extraluminal masses with well-delineated margins. Eight GISTs were homogeneously solid masses, and 8 were heterogeneously solid masses that contained a large central area of lower echogenicity (n = 4) or multiple internal hypoechoic irregular spaces (n = 4) corresponding to necrosis and hemorrhage. Other tumors had a cystic appearance (n = 1) or showed a dual hyperechoic-hypoechoic echo structure (n = 1). Three tumors showed intratumoral gas due to fistulization into the bowel lumen, which appeared as hyperechoic foci or a linear hyperechoic area with acoustic shadowing. The heterogeneous tumors were significantly larger (P = .03) and had higher mitotic counts (P = .05). Gastrointestinal stromal tumors with high malignant potential tended to be large and showed intratumoral heterogenicity with areas of lower echogenicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastrointestinal stromal tumors showed varied patterns on TAUS. The ultrasonographic pattern depended on the tumor size and mitotic activity. Ultrasonographic features suggesting high malignant potential were size and internal heterogenicity with the presence of intratumoral hypoechoic areas.
authors: Department of General, Gastroenterological and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. mwronski@vp.pl
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Wronski
authors: Wlodzimierz
authors: W
authors: Cebulski
authors: Maciej
authors: M
authors: Slodkowski
authors: Ireneusz W
authors: IW
authors: Krasnodebski
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D007412:Intestinal Fistula / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008940:Mitotic Index; D009336:Necrosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014463:Ultrasonography