[The HIV replication cycle. Established therapeutic targets and potential targets].
Research carried out on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection illustrates the speed in the transfer of knowledge obtained from basic research to the treatment of patients. Due to studying the viral life cycle and structure and function of HIV proteins, there are currently more than 20 drugs available to treat infected patients. In this article a review is carried out on the biological cycle of HIV, highlighting those steps that represent preferential targets for pharmacological intervention. In the second part of the article, the characteristics of the main antiretroviral families that form the basis of classic antiretroviral treatment are summarised as well as reviewing the recently introduced drugs which are directed at new targets. Finally, an assessment is made of the new prototypes that are in the pre-clinical development phase and which will strengthen the future therapeutic arsenal against HIV infection.
Alcamí
José
J
Unidad de Inmunopatología del Sida, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España. ppaleami@isciii.es
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005544:Forecasting; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000187:drug effects; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053585:Virus Attachment / Q000187:drug effects; D016662:Virus Integration / Q000187:drug effects; D053586:Virus Internalization / Q000187:drug effects; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015728:Receptors, HIV; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors