title: Feasibility and validity of low-budget telephonic follow-up interviews in routine outcome monitoring of substance abuse treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Routine outcome monitoring (ROM) is receiving growing attention. However, follow-up interviews are time-consuming and costly. This study examines the feasibility and validity of low-budget telephonic follow-up interviews for ROM in a substance abuse treatment centre (SATC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study using data collected for routine outcome monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in a SATC in an urban area in the Netherlands. Participants Feasibility and validity were assessed on data of 2325 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on pre-treatment socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected using electronic patient records (EPRs) and the European version of the Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI). Data on intensity of treatment were also collected through the EPRs. Telephonic follow-up interviews were conducted between 9 and 10 months after intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 53% follow-up rate was achieved; 35% of the patients could not be contacted, 3% explicitly refused and in 8% other reasons accounted for non-participation. About 50% of the interviews took place in the intended time-frame. Costs were Euro 40 (57 US dollars) per completed interview. There were indications of selection bias, because patients with cocaine as their primary problem and patients with polysubstance abuse were under-represented in the follow-up sample; the presence of these disorders is associated with negative treatment outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementing telephonic low-budget follow-up interviews for ROM is feasible, but selection bias threatens internal validity of data, limiting generalization to the total treatment population. Increased efforts to track patients for follow-up may improve generalization.
authors: Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands. s.c.oudejans@amc.uva.nl
authors: Suzan C C
authors: SC
authors: Oudejans
authors: Gerardus M
authors: GM
authors: Schippers
authors: Maarten J M
authors: MJ
authors: Merkx
authors: Mark H
authors: MH
authors: Schramade
authors: Maarten W J
authors: MW
authors: Koeter
authors: Wim
authors: W
authors: van den Brink
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015983:Selection Bias; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013689:Telephone / Q000191:economics