title: Appropriate slice location to assess maximal cross-sectional area of individual rotator cuff muscles in normal adults and athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated appropriate slice locations for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging evaluation of the maximal cross-sectional area (CSA) of individual rotator cuff (RC) muscles in normal adults and athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a 1.5-tesla MR system with body-array and spine coils to obtain oblique sagittal T(1)-weighted shoulder images of 29 normal adults (16 men, 13 women); 6 national-level competitive swimmers (4 men, 2 women); 10 collegiate-level female badminton players; and 7 collegiate-level male rowers. We calculated the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis CSAs at the 0-1 locations on the scapula (dividing scapula width into 11 locations), 0 representing the medial border of the scapula and 1, the glenoid fossa surface. We evaluated the differences in CSAs at relative locations on the scapula for each muscle in normal adults, swimmers, badminton players, and rowers using a one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (P<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The supraspinatus CSAs were maximal at 0.7 for all groups. The infraspinatus CSAs were maximal at 0.5 for normal men and women and badminton players, 0.4- and 0.5 locations for swimmers, and 0.4 for rowers. The teres minor CSAs were maximal at 0.9 for all groups except the swimmers (1 location). The subscapularis CSAs were maximal at 0.7 in men, swimmers, and badminton players and 0.6 in women and rowers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The appropriate slice locations for evaluating maximal CSAs are slightly lateral to the center of the scapula for the supraspinatus and subscapularis, at approximately the center of the scapula for the infraspinatus, and near the glenoid fossa for the teres minor. These slice locations should be clinically useful for morphological and/or function-related assessments of shoulder RC muscles.
authors: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan. o.yanagisawa@aoni.waseda.jp
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Yanagisawa
authors: Michiko
authors: M
authors: Dohi
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Okuwaki
authors: Noriyuki
authors: N
authors: Tawara
authors: Mamoru
authors: M
authors: Niitsu
authors: Hideyuki
authors: H
authors: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*