title: [Molecular characteristics of transporters of C4-dicarboxylates and mechanism of translocation].
abstract: Transport of C4-dicarboxylate (C4-DCB) plays an important role in cell metabolism. In particular, they are intermediates of the citrate cycle. Transport of succinate across the mitochondrial membrane provides correlation between metabolism in peroxysomes and in mitochondrial. Transport of C4-DCB across all kinds of energy-transforming membranes of animal, plant, fungal, and bacterial cells is known. The review summarizes molecular characteristics of the C4-DCB transporters. Of particular interest are primary structures for carries with the known kinetic mechanism and kinetic transport parameters. For each studied group of organisms, the number of transmembrane segments in the carried molecule or the character of specificity do not correlate with a certain transport mechanism--antiport, symport with proton or symport with cation. The review describes perspective methodical approaches allowing association of peculiarities of structure with transport mechanism for individual transporters, obtaining of functional hybrid transporters--"protein chimeras", scanning of transporter transmembrane segments with the help of "cystein mutagenesis", study of transporter kinetic parameters with point mutations for essential amino acids, probing of the transporter active center with the help of alkyl and acyl substrate derivatives used to obtain the "lipophilic profile" of the channel of the C4-DCB transporter. It is recommended to use these approaches to one transporter with small sizes and large substrate specificity.
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Aliverdieva
authors: D V
authors: DV
authors: Mamaev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D029382:Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D029382:Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids