Neuromyelitis optica: Passive transfer to rats by human immunoglobulin.
Recurrent attacks of optic neuritis and myelitis are the hallmarks of both neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS). NMO immunoglobulin G (NMO-IgG), which recognizes astrocytic aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels, is a specific serum autoantibody that distinguishes NMO from MS. The pathogenic role of the anti-AQP4 antibody (AQP4-Ab, NMO-IgG) in NMO has been speculated based on several studies in vitro. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the pathogenicity of AQP4-Ab in vivo. We obtained IgG from patients who underwent therapeutic plasmapheresis, and developed an animal model by passive transfer of IgG to rats. The active lesions of the rats exhibited pathological characteristics strikingly similar to those of NMO, marked by astrocytic loss and perivascular deposition of immunoglobulin and complements. These findings provide the first evidence of the pathogenicity of AQP4-Ab in vivo and support the therapeutic efficacy of eliminating the antibodies by plasmapheresis.
Kinoshita
Makoto
M
Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Nakatsuji
Yuji
Y
Kimura
Takashi
T
Moriya
Masayuki
M
Takata
Kazushiro
K
Okuno
Tatsusada
T
Kumanogoh
Atsushi
A
Kajiyama
Koji
K
Yoshikawa
Hiroo
H
Sakoda
Saburo
S
D000818:Animals; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000276:immunology*; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew
D051401:Aquaporin 4; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D003165:Complement System Proteins