title: Cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis patients with cerebellar symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebellar dysfunction is common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, neuropsychological studies of this clinical feature are lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigate the neuropsychological features in relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients with and without cerebellar dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one RR-MS patients with cerebellar dysfunction (RR-MSc), characterized by prevalent ataxic gait and nystagmus, and 21 RR-MS patients without any cerebellar manifestation (RR-MSnc) pair-matched for demographical and clinical variables were studied. All patients from each group underwent an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis included hyperintense fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery lesion load in the whole brain as well as in the four lobes separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Any significant differences were detected in total and regional lesion load measurements between the two groups. RR-MSc group performed equally as well as the RR-MSnc group on many of the cognitive exploration measures. Nevertheless, the RR-MSc group performed more poorly than the RR-MSnc group on attention tests (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) and verbal fluency tests (Controlled Oral Word Association Test); neither of the test results proved to be affected by regional lesion loads.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight the importance of considering cognitive deficits associated with the presence of cerebellar symptoms in RR-MS.
authors: Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy. p.valentino@isn.cnr.it
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Valentino
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Cerasa
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Chiriaco
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Nisticò
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Pirritano
authors: Mc
authors: M
authors: Gioia
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Lanza
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Canino
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Del Giudice
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Gallo
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Condino
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Torchia
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Quattrone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D020234:Gait Ataxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014936:Word Association Tests