title: Association between genotypes and phenotypes in coeliac disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coeliac disease (CD) is a genetically driven immunological intolerance to dietary gluten with a wide range of clinical presentations. The aim of this study was to investigate the heritability of the phenotype in CD and the influence on the phenotype of different genes associated with the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seven families with at least 2 siblings with CD were collected. The patients were grouped in symptom grades on the basis of the clinical presentation, the age at diagnosis, and sex. Stratification analyses of the human leucocyte antigen-DQA1 and human leucocyte antigen-DQB1 genotypes, the CTLA4 +49A/G polymorphism, the CTLA4 haplotype MH30*G:-1147*T:+49*A:CT60*G:CT61*A, and the 5q31-33 loci were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The heritability of the phenotype was estimated to be 0.45. Significant association and linkage was found between the clinical presentation and the CTLA4 +49A/G polymorphism but not for the other genotypes. No correlation was found between genotypes and age at diagnosis or sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the heritability is determiner of the phenotype in CD. The CTLA4 +49A/G polymorphism is correlated to the clinical presentation: the AA genotype is associated with clinically silent disease.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. audur.gudjonsdottir@vgregion.se
authors: Audur H
authors: AH
authors: Gudjónsdóttir
authors: Staffan
authors: S
authors: Nilsson
authors: Asa Torinsson
authors: AT
authors: Naluai
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Ek
authors: Silja S
authors: SS
authors: Amundsen
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Wahlström
authors: Henry
authors: H
authors: Ascher
mesh_terms: D000941:Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D035781:Siblings
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D015703:Antigens, CD; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human