title: [Comparison of 1-stage orthodontic bonding systems and 2-stage bonding systems: a review of the literature and the results of a randomized clinical trial].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main objectives of this study are to present a literature review of self-etching primer's (SEP's) and present the outcomes of a prospective clinical trial to assess the clinical bond failure rates of orthodontic brackets bonded using a self-etching primer (SEP), compared with brackets bonded using a conventional acid-etched technique with a control adhesive (Transbond). A secondary aim was to investigate whether characteristics of the operator, patient or tooth bonded had any influence on bracket failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-centre randomized controlled clinical trial. Thirty-four patients were bonded, each being randomly assigned to either the test or control adhesive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthodontic Department Countess of Chester Hospital, Chester, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthodontic patients requiring fixed appliance treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bond failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Failure rates over the initial 6-month period were 2.0% (Transbond) and 1.7% (SEP) with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Over the duration of the fixed appliance treatment, bond failure rates increased, but remained acceptable at 7.4% (TB) and 7.0% (SEP), respectively. When operator, patient and tooth characteristics were analysed, only the bracket location was found to be significant. Maxillary brackets were more likely to fail than mandibular brackets (relative risk 0.47%; 95% confidence interval 0.22, 1.03). The failure rate for brackets in our study was low when compared with previous studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the acid-etched control and self-etching primer in combination with adhesive pre-coated brackets were successful for clinical bonding. Their combined failure rate was lower than that reported in similar trials. The literature on SEP's supports the findings of this study.
authors: Orthodontic Department, The Countess of Chester Hospital, Liverpool Road, Chester CH2 1UL, Royaume-Uni.
authors: Jinesh
authors: J
authors: Shah
authors: Steve
authors: S
authors: Chadwick
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003724:Dental Arch; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008437:Maxilla; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements; C429625:Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer; C477790:Transbond XT