title: Characterization of brain cancer stem cells: a mathematical approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years, support has increased for the notion that a subpopulation of brain tumour cells in possession of properties typically characteristic of stem cells is responsible for initiating and maintaining the tumour. Unravelling details of the brain tumour stem cell (BTSC) hierarchy, as well as interactions of these cells with various therapies, will be essential in the design of optimal treatment strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Motivated by this, we have developed a mathematical model of the BTSC hypothesis that may aid in characterization of brain tumours, as well as in prediction of effective therapeutic strategies, which can be further validated in experimental and clinical studies. At the level of a small number of cells, the model developed herein is stochastic. For larger populations of cancer cells, the model is handled from a deterministic approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the stochastic regime, importance of a relationship between the likelihoods of two distinct types of symmetric BTSC divisions in determining BTSC survival rates becomes apparent, consequently emphasizing the need for a set of biomarkers that are able to better characterize the BTSC hierarchy. At the large scale, we predict the importance of the aforementioned symmetric division rates in dictating brain tumour composition. Furthermore, we demonstrate possible therapeutic benefits of considering combination treatments of radiotherapy and putative BTSC inhibitors, such as bone morphogenetic proteins, while reinforcing the importance of developing novel treatment strategies that specifically target the BTSC subpopulation.
authors: Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Turner
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Stinchcombe
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kohandel
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Singh
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sivaloganathan
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D013269:Stochastic Processes
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D010455:Peptides