Unintentional fall injuries associated with walkers and canes in older adults treated in U.S. emergency departments.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize nonfatal, unintentional, fall-related injuries associated with walkers and canes in older adults.


METHODS
Surveillance data of injuries treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs), January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2006.


METHODS
The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program, which collects data from a nationally representative stratified probability sample of 66 U.S. hospital EDs.


METHODS
People aged 65 and older treated in EDs for 3,932 nonfatal unintentional fall injuries and whose records indicated that a cane or a walker was involved in the fall.


METHODS
Sex, age, whether the fall involved a cane or walker, primary diagnosis, part of the body injured, disposition, and location and circumstances of the fall.


RESULTS
An estimated 47,312 older adult fall injuries associated with walking aids were treated annually in U.S. EDs: 87.3% with walkers, 12.3% with canes, and 0.4% with both. Walkers were associated with seven times as many injuries as canes. Women's injury rates exceeded those for men (rate ratios=2.6 for walkers, 1.4 for canes.) The most prevalent injuries were fractures and contusions or abrasions. Approximately one-third of subjects were hospitalized for their injuries.


CONCLUSIONS
Injuries and hospital admissions for falls associated with walking aids were frequent in this highly vulnerable population. The results suggest that more research is needed to improve the design of walking aids. More information also is needed about the circumstances preceding falls, both to better understand the contributing fall risk factors and to develop specific and effective fall prevention strategies.
Stevens
Judy A
JA
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. jas2@cdc.gov
Thomas
Karen
K
Teh
Leesia
L
Greenspan
Arlene I
AI
D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002183:Canes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014853:Walkers / Q000009:adverse effects*