title: Nickel for your thoughts: Survey of the Congenital Cardiovascular Interventional Study Consortium (CCISC) for nickel allergy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nickel allergy (NA) occurring after implantation of a nitinol-containing device is rare and not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the current practices and experience of interventional cardiologists with NA after closure of congenital heart defects (CHD) with nitinol-containing devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  E-mail invitations were sent to the 96 members of the Congenital Cardiovascular Interventional Study Consortium (CCISC). The survey was Internet-based and mainly consisted of multiple-choice questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 50 responses (52%) were returned and the median number of device closures was 300 for all responders. While 80% of responders believe that NA exists, only 44% routinely inquire about NA prior to device closure and no responders perform skin testing prior to device closure. Slightly more than half of responders (58%) utilize antiplatelet medications (97% aspirin) in the days prior to device closure. Of the 50 survey responders having a total experience of 16,075 implants, 7 operators reported 33 cases of NA among 1,600 implants. Atrial septal defect closure was associated with all well-described cases of NA. Reaction occurred anywhere from 2 days up to 1 month after implantation and manifested as headaches, rash/urticaria, difficulty breathing, fever or pericardial effusion. All patients responded to medical management and no longer require medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While a majority of interventional cardiologists believe that NA exists, it remains a rare and poorly defined phenomenon. Although CCISC survey responders indicate that their patients with NA responded to medical therapy, further investigation of risk factors and safety is warranted.
authors: Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, UCSD, CA, 92123, USA. mcnairygordo@yahoo.com
authors: Brent M
authors: BM
authors: Gordon
authors: John W
authors: JW
authors: Moore
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D003625:Data Collection; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D009532:Nickel / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000633:toxicity; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; C013616:nitinol; D009532:Nickel; D001241:Aspirin