title: Future perspectives for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
abstract: Over the past 2 decades, pulmonary arterial hypertension has evolved from a uniformly fatal condition to a chronic, manageable disease in many cases, the result of unparalleled development of new therapies and advances in early diagnosis. However, none of the currently available therapies is curative, so the search for new treatment strategies continues. With a deeper understanding of the genetics and the molecular mechanisms of pulmonary vascular disorders, we are now at the threshold of entering a new therapeutic era. Our working group addressed what can be expected in the near future. The topics span the understanding of genetic variations, novel antiproliferative treatments, the role of stem cells, the right ventricle as a therapeutic target, and strategies and challenges for the translation of novel experimental findings into clinical practice.
authors: University of Giessen Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany; Medical Clinic IV and V, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany. Electronic address: ardeschir.ghofrani@uglc.de.
authors: Hossein A
authors: HA
authors: Ghofrani
authors: Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors: Robyn J
authors: RJ
authors: Barst
authors: Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Heart Failure, Transplantation, and Pulmonary Hypertension Program, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Raymond L
authors: RL
authors: Benza
authors: Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Hunter C
authors: HC
authors: Champion
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.
authors: Karen A
authors: KA
authors: Fagan
authors: University of Giessen Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany; Medical Clinic IV and V, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany.
authors: Friedrich
authors: F
authors: Grimminger
authors: Université Paris-Sud, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Clamart, France.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Humbert
authors: Université Paris-Sud, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Clamart, France.
authors: Gérald
authors: G
authors: Simonneau
authors: Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Duncan J
authors: DJ
authors: Stewart
authors: University of Bologna, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Institute of Cardiology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Ventura
authors: University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, La Jolla, California.
authors: Lewis J
authors: LJ
authors: Rubin
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D016232:Endothelins / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009249:NADP / Q000502:physiology; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009249:NADP; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins