title: Role of metabolic syndrome components in human immunodeficiency virus-associated stroke.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors, including elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP), atherogenic dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides [TRG]), abdominal obesity (increased body mass index [BMI]), glucose intolerance (elevated glucose [GLU]), and prothrombotic/inflammatory state (increases in uric acid [UA]), that are associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. We studied if an association existed between MetS components and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cryptogenic strokes-those not caused by HIV complications, endocarditis, or stimulant abuse. We performed a retrospective case-control study. Eleven cryptogenic strokes were identified from 2346 HIV-infected (HIV+) participants. Each case was matched by age, sex, and date of stroke diagnosis to five HIV+ controls without stroke. Nonparametric stratified Wilcoxon ranked sum tests with subsequent mixed effect logistic regression determined the influence of each MetS component on HIV-associated cryptogenic stroke. Although each MetS component appeared higher for HIV+ cases with cryptogenic strokes than HIV+ controls, only MAP (odds ratio [OR] = 5.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15-28.3) and UA (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.06-3.32) were statistically different. A significantly higher percentage of HIV-associated cryptogenic stroke cases met criteria for MetS (4/11 = 36%) compared to HIV+ controls (6/55 = 11%). This observational study suggests a possible role for MetS components in HIV+ cryptogenic stroke cases. Although MetS is defined as a constellation of disorders, elevated hypertension and hyperuricemia may be involved in stroke pathogenesis. Reducing MetS component levels in HIV+ patients could therefore protect them from subsequent stroke.
authors: Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. bances@wustl.edu
authors: Beau M
authors: BM
authors: Ances
authors: Archana
authors: A
authors: Bhatt
authors: Florin
authors: F
authors: Vaida
authors: Debralee
authors: D
authors: Rosario
authors: Terry
authors: T
authors: Alexander
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Marquie-Beck
authors: Ronald J
authors: RJ
authors: Ellis
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Letendre
authors: Igor
authors: I
authors: Grant
authors: J Allen
authors: JA
authors: McCutchan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology