title: A systematic study of the function of the human beta-globin introns on the expression of the human coagulation factor IX in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intronic sequences have the potential to improve gene expression in eukaryotes by a variety of mechanisms. In this context, human beta-globin (hBG) introns were inserted into the human factor IX (hFIX) cDNA in cytomegalovirus (CMV)-regulated plasmids. The resulting construct was then used for further expression analysis in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hFIX-expressing plasmids with different combinations of the two hBG introns and the Kozak element were constructed and used for a systematic expression analysis in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In parallel, the hBG intronic sequences were analysed for the presence of possible regulatory elements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the constructed plasmids resulted in transient expression of the hFIX. However, the coagulation activities varied according to the particular constructs used. Based on the hFIX antigenic assay, a wide range of variation was observed during persistent expression. The second hBG intron appears to be more effective than the first one. The expression level was further increased upon the inclusion of the Kozak element. Sequence analysis has detected several transcription factor binding (TFB) motifs in both of the introns, but with a higher frequency in the second one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potentials of hBG introns as enhancer-like elements for the expression of the hFIX in cultured CHO cells and a higher activity with respect to the second hBG intron compared to the first one were demonstrated. The larger number of TFBs in the second hBG intron reflects its stronger effect. The results obtained suggest possible synergistic functions of the hBG introns and Kozak on the expression level of hFIX in vitro.
authors: Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Aliakbar
authors: A
authors: Haddad-Mashadrizeh
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Zomorodipour
authors: Mehrnaz
authors: M
authors: Izadpanah
authors: Mohammad Reza
authors: MR
authors: Sam
authors: Fariba
authors: F
authors: Ataei
authors: Farzaneh
authors: F
authors: Sabouni
authors: Seyed Javad
authors: SJ
authors: Hosseini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005164:Factor IX / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055544:beta-Globins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D055544:beta-Globins; D005164:Factor IX; D004247:DNA