title: Outcome of motor training programmes on arm and hand functioning in patients with cervical spinal cord injury according to different levels of the ICF: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the outcome of motor training programmes on arm and hand functioning in patients with cervical spinal cord injury according to different levels of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of the following databases: Medline, Cochrane, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) from 1976 to August 2008 was performed using the following MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries, Quadriplegia, Rehabilitation, Physical Education and Training, Exercise, Patient-Centered Care, Upper Extremity, Activities of Daily Living, Motor Skills, Motor Activity, Intervention Studies, Clinical Trial. The methodological quality of the selected articles was scored with the Van Tulder Checklist. Descriptive analyses were performed using the PICO principle (Patient characteristics, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome & results) along the ICF function and activity level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve studies were included in the analyses. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was acceptable, with a mean Van Tulder score of 9.58. Interventions included motor training programmes at the level of function, activity or a combined programme. Most studies reported improvements in arm and hand functioning at the level that was trained for.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Motor training programmes may improve arm and hand functioning at function and/or activity level in cervical spinal cord injured patients. However, no general conclusion based on a meta-analysis can be drawn due to the wide variety of approaches.
authors: Department of Health Sciences, PHL University College of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium. aspooren@mail.phl.be
authors: Annemie I F
authors: AI
authors: Spooren
authors: Yvonne J M
authors: YJ
authors: Janssen-Potten
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Kerckhofs
authors: Henk A M
authors: HA
authors: Seelen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome