title: Pediatric intestinal foregut and small bowel solid tumors: a review of 105 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The outcomes of pediatric intestinal foregut and small bowel solid tumors have never been studied on a population scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1973-2005) was queried for all patients under 20 y of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 105 cases of pediatric intestinal foregut and small bowel solid tumors were identified. Tumors occurred in the esophagus (8.6%), stomach (61%), and small bowel (30.5%). The most common histologies include sarcoma (43.8%), which consisted mostly of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), carcinoma (41.0%), which consisted mostly of adenocarcinomas, and neuroendocrine tumors (NET) (10.5%). Most tumors were poorly differentiated and presented with advanced disease. The overall median survival time was 207 mo. Gastric solid tumors had significantly worse 5- and 10-y survival compared with their small bowel counterparts, though this difference disappeared in those who received surgical resection. Patients with carcinoma had significantly worse survival compared with those with sarcoma or NET, regardless of site and surgical intervention. Univariate analysis identified race, differentiation, stage, and surgery as significant predictors of survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that African American race, advanced stage of disease, carcinoma histology, and failure to undergo surgical extirpation were all independent predictors of worse outcome. In patients with carcinoma, failure to undergo radiotherapy was also a predictor of worse outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery is associated with a significantly improved survival for pediatric patients with solid tumors of the intestinal foregut and small bowel. Radiotherapy appears to be an important adjuvant therapy for patients with carcinoma.
authors: Division of Pediatric Surgery and Division of Surgical Oncology, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Zhuge
authors: Michael C
authors: MC
authors: Cheung
authors: Relin
authors: R
authors: Yang
authors: Dalal
authors: D
authors: Eldick
authors: Leonidas G
authors: LG
authors: Koniaris
authors: Juan E
authors: JE
authors: Sola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult