title: Prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance among treatment-naive and treated HIV-infected patients in Venezuela.
abstract: An in-house, low-cost method was developed to determine the genotypic resistance of immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates. All 179 Venezuelan isolates analysed belonged to subtype B. Primary drug resistance mutations were found in 11% of 63 treatment-naïve patients. The prevalence of resistance in isolates from 116 HIV-positive patients under antiretroviral treatment was 47% to protease inhibitors, 65% to nucleoside inhibitors and 38% to non-nucleoside inhibitors, respectively. Around 50% of patients in the study harboured viruses with highly reduced susceptibility to the three classical types of drugs after only five years from their initial diagnoses.
authors: Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CMBC, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors: Héctor Rafael
authors: HR
authors: Rangel
authors: Domingo José
authors: DJ
authors: Garzaro
authors: Jaime Rafael
authors: JR
authors: Torres
authors: Julio
authors: J
authors: Castro
authors: Jose Antonio
authors: JA
authors: Suarez
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Naranjo
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Ossenkopp
authors: Nahír
authors: N
authors: Martinez
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Gutierrez
authors: Flor Helene
authors: FH
authors: Pujol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015331:Cohort Studies; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral