title: Prolonged hoarseness and arytenoid cartilage dislocation after tracheal intubation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hoarseness is a common complication after tracheal intubation and prolonged hoarseness may be very limiting for a patient. This study was designed to examine the duration of hoarseness after tracheal intubation and to identify risk factors that may increase the duration of hoarseness.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 3093 adult patients (aged 18-77 yr), over a 3 yr period who required tracheal intubation. Postoperative hoarseness was assessed on the day of operation and on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 by standardized interview by the resident anaesthetist managing the patient. If postoperative hoarseness was still present on postoperative day 7, the patient was followed up until complete resolution. We evaluated age, gender, weight, Cormack grades, duration of intubation, and the anaesthetic agents used as factors affecting the duration of hoarseness after tracheal intubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hoarseness was observed in 49% of patients on the day of surgery and in 29%, 11%, and 0.8% on 1, 3, and 7 postoperative days, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that patient age and duration of intubation, but not gender, weight, Cormack grades, or the agents used, were significant predictors of increased duration of hoarseness after tracheal intubation. We found three patients with arytenoid cartilage dislocation (0.097%) in our study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The age of the patient and duration of intubation were significant factors in the duration of hoarseness after tracheal intubation. In addition, the incidence of arytenoid cartilage dislocation was 0.097%.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Yamanaka
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Hayashi
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Uematu
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Mashimo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult