The complete genome of Teredinibacter turnerae T7901: an intracellular endosymbiont of marine wood-boring bivalves (shipworms).
Here we report the complete genome sequence of Teredinibacter turnerae T7901. T. turnerae is a marine gamma proteobacterium that occurs as an intracellular endosymbiont in the gills of wood-boring marine bivalves of the family Teredinidae (shipworms). This species is the sole cultivated member of an endosymbiotic consortium thought to provide the host with enzymes, including cellulases and nitrogenase, critical for digestion of wood and supplementation of the host's nitrogen-deficient diet. T. turnerae is closely related to the free-living marine polysaccharide degrading bacterium Saccharophagus degradans str. 2-40 and to as yet uncultivated endosymbionts with which it coexists in shipworm cells. Like S. degradans, the T. turnerae genome encodes a large number of enzymes predicted to be involved in complex polysaccharide degradation (>100). However, unlike S. degradans, which degrades a broad spectrum (>10 classes) of complex plant, fungal and algal polysaccharides, T. turnerae primarily encodes enzymes associated with deconstruction of terrestrial woody plant material. Also unlike S. degradans and many other eubacteria, T. turnerae dedicates a large proportion of its genome to genes predicted to function in secondary metabolism. Despite its intracellular niche, the T. turnerae genome lacks many features associated with obligate intracellular existence (e.g. reduced genome size, reduced %G+C, loss of genes of core metabolism) and displays evidence of adaptations common to free-living bacteria (e.g. defense against bacteriophage infection). These results suggest that T. turnerae is likely a facultative intracellular ensosymbiont whose niche presently includes, or recently included, free-living existence. As such, the T. turnerae genome provides insights into the range of genomic adaptations associated with intracellular endosymbiosis as well as enzymatic mechanisms relevant to the recycling of plant materials in marine environments and the production of cellulose-derived biofuels.
Yang
Joyce C
JC
Ocean Genome Legacy Inc, Ipswich, MA, USA.
Madupu
Ramana
R
Durkin
A Scott
AS
Ekborg
Nathan A
NA
Pedamallu
Chandra S
CS
Hostetler
Jessica B
JB
Radune
Diana
D
Toms
Bradley S
BS
Henrissat
Bernard
B
Coutinho
Pedro M
PM
Schwarz
Sandra
S
Field
Lauren
L
Trindade-Silva
Amaro E
AE
Soares
Carlos A G
CA
Elshahawi
Sherif
S
Hanora
Amro
A
Schmidt
Eric W
EW
Haygood
Margo G
MG
Posfai
Janos
J
Benner
Jack
J
Madinger
Catherine
C
Nove
John
J
Anton
Brian
B
Chaudhary
Kshitiz
K
Foster
Jeremy
J
Holman
Alex
A
Kumar
Sanjay
S
Lessard
Philip A
PA
Luyten
Yvette A
YA
Slatko
Barton
B
Wood
Nicole
N
Wu
Bo
B
Teplitski
Max
M
Mougous
Joseph D
JD
Ward
Naomi
N
Eisen
Jonathan A
JA
Badger
Jonathan H
JH
Distel
Daniel L
DL
D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D019295:Computational Biology; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008386:Marine Biology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D053038:Quorum Sensing; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013559:Symbiosis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014934:Wood
D011134:Polysaccharides; D009584:Nitrogen