title: Parenteral lipid emulsion induces germination of Candida albicans and increases biofilm formation on medical catheter surfaces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The administration of parenteral nutrition, including lipid emulsion (LE), to patients via medical catheters is an unexplained risk factor for the development of candidemia. Germination and biofilm formation are recognized virulence determinants of Candida albicans. No studies have addressed the effect of LE on candidal biofilm production. In this study, we investigated the effect of LE on candidal germination and its ability to form biofilm on medical catheter material.
  
  
  METHODS
  C. albicans strain SC-5314 was grown in standard growth medium in the presence or absence a commercially available LE. Biofilms grown on silicone-elastomer catheter discs in these media were compared for mass by dry weight measurements. Biofilm morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser microscopy. The effect of LE on C. albicans germination and growth was evaluated microscopically and by determination of colony-forming units, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Addition of LE to standard growth medium increased C. albicans biofilm production and resulted in observed changes in biofilm morphology and architecture. Furthermore, LE induced germination and supported the growth of C. albicans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LE-inducible candidal virulence determinants, such as germination and enhanced biofilm production, may help to explain the increased risk of candidemia in patients receiving LE via medical catheters.
authors: Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Swindell
authors: Ali Abdul
authors: AA
authors: Lattif
authors: Jyotsna
authors: J
authors: Chandra
authors: Pranab K
authors: PK
authors: Mukherjee
authors: Mahmoud A
authors: MA
authors: Ghannoum
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002404:Catheterization; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous