title: Changes in utilisation of anticholinergic drugs after initiation of cholinesterase inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholinesterase inhibitors (CEIs) have been subsidised in Australia since February 2001 for cognitive decline associated with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. The number of people with Alzheimer disease is expected to increase, with a continuing increase in the number of people receiving CEI's. Many anticholinergic drugs (ACDs) are also prescribed to people receiving CEIs and concerns about the impact of the interaction have been raised. The aim of this study was to describe co-prescribing of a group of important ACDs in patients initiating treatment with CEIs in Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacy claim data for Australia (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme) was examined for the period 1 April to 30 June 2006. All selected prescriptions supplied for patients receiving their first supply of any CEIs (initiators) were extracted for 14 weeks prior to and post the first date of supply. The numbers of initiating people co-administering CEIs and ACDs was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5797 persons received their first prescription for CEIs between 1 April and 30 June 2006. Thirty-two per cent of these also received prescriptions for at least one ACD. There was a statistically significant increase in the number of initiators receiving an ACD. The significant increase was in patients receiving atypical antipsychotics. There was a trend towards an increase in patients receiving oxybutynin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extent of co-administration of ACDs and CEIs is similar to other international studies however the most significant increase is seen in patients receiving atypical antipsychotics. The implications of adding atypical antipsychotics are potential for worsening disease, increasing adverse effects and increased health resource utilisation in this vulnerable group.
authors: Drug Utilization Sub Committee, Department of Health and Ageing, Australia. maxine.robinson@health.gov.au
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Robinson
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Rowett
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Leverton
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Mabbott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007356:Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019338:Polypharmacy; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors