title: The mushroom ribosome-inactivating protein lyophyllin exerts deleterious effects on mouse embryonic development in vitro.
abstract: Earlier investigations disclose that some plant ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) adversely affect mouse embryonic development. In the present study, a mushroom RIP, namely lyophyllin from Lyophyllum shimeji, was isolated, partially sequenced, and its translation inhibitory activity determined. Its teratogenicity was studied by using a technique entailing microinjection and postimplantation whole-embryo culture. It was found that embryonic abnormalities during the period of organogenesis from E8.5 to E9.5 were induced by lyophyllin at a concentration as low as 50 microg/ml, and when the lyophyllin concentration was raised, the number of abnormal embryos increased, the final somite number decreased, and the abnormalities increased in severity. The affected embryonic structures included the cranial neural tube, forelimb buds, branchial arches, and body axis, while optic and otic placodes were more resistant. Lyophyllin at a concentration higher than 500 microg/ml also induced forebrain blisters within the cranial mesenchyme. When the abnormal embryos were examined histologically, an increase of cell death was found to be associated with abnormal structures, indicating that cell death may be one of the underlying causes of teratogenicity of the mushroom RIP. This constitutes the first report on the teratogenicity of a mushroom RIP.
authors: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
authors: W Y
authors: WY
authors: Chan
authors: T B
authors: TB
authors: Ng
authors: Joyce S Y
authors: JS
authors: Lam
authors: Jack H
authors: JH
authors: Wong
authors: K T
authors: KT
authors: Chu
authors: P H K
authors: PH
authors: Ngai
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Lam
authors: H X
authors: HX
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D054788:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins / Q000633:toxicity*; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D013723:Teratogens; C436962:lyophyllin protein, Lyophyllum shimeji; D054788:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins