title: Sedative use during continuous positive airway pressure titration improves subsequent compliance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The initial experience with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may predict subsequent compliance. In a retrospective study, we found that premedication with nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agents during CPAP titration polysomnography independently predicted short-term compliance. To validate these findings, we conducted a prospective clinical trial to assess whether premedication with eszopiclone prior to CPAP titration would improve short-term CPAP compliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial received 3 mg of eszopiclone or matching placebo prior to undergoing CPAP titration polysomnography. We compared the quality of CPAP titrations and objective measures of compliance during the first 4 to 6 weeks of therapy between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 117 subjects, and 98 subjects completed the protocol (eszopiclone, 50 subjects; placebo, 48 subjects). Other than there being more women in the eszopiclone group, the groups were similar at baseline. Compared with placebo, premedication with eszopiclone significantly improved mean (+/- SD) sleep efficiency (87.8 +/- 5.8% vs 80.1 +/- 10.5%, respectively; p = 0.002) and mean total sleep time (350.9 +/- 33.6 min vs 319.7 +/- 48.7 min, respectively; p = 0.007). A trend toward improved sleep latency (19.4 +/- 16.1 min vs 31.8 +/- 30.4 min, respectively; p = 0.08) and the number of residual obstructive events observed at the final CPAP pressure (6.4 +/- 7 events/h vs 12.8 +/- 14.6 events/h, respectively; p = 0.08) during polysomnography was found. Eszopiclone significantly improved CPAP compliance. Among subjects premedicated with eszopiclone, CPAP was used on a higher percentage of nights (75.9 +/- 20.0% vs 60.1 +/- 24.3%, respectively; p = 0.005) and for more hours per night (4.8 +/- 1.5 h vs 3.9 +/- 1.8 h, respectively; p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Premedication with eszopiclone on the night of CPAP titration improved the quality of CPAP titration and led to significantly greater short-term compliance.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00507117.
authors: Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. Electronic address: christopher.lettieri@us.army.mil.
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Lettieri
authors: Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC.
authors: Jacob F
authors: JF
authors: Collen
authors: Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
authors: Arn H
authors: AH
authors: Eliasson
authors: Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC.
authors: Timothy M
authors: TM
authors: Quast
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D000069582:Eszopiclone; D005221:Fatigue; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010879:Piperazines; D010919:Placebos; D000069582:Eszopiclone