title: 1-O-Hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-3-O-(2'-acetamido-2'-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (Gln) induces cell death with more autophagosomes which is autophagy-independent.
abstract: Autophagic cell death has recently received a great deal of attention. However, a dependence of this type of cell death on the actual process of autophagy has only rarely been proven. Indeed, it is important to differentiate between cell death with an accumulation of autophagosomes and cell death actually caused by excessive or inhibited autophagy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action involved in the cytotoxicity of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-3-O-(2'-acetamido-2'-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (Gln) and specifically the involvement of autophagy in the effects observed. Our results show that Gln induces cell death associated with large increases in autophagolysosome number and size. However the cell death is independent of autophagy and caspase activation. Instead, Gln leads to lysosomal membrane permeabilization with a resulting leakage of hydrolases into the cytosol, which are then directly involved in cell death. The increased number of autophagolysosomes, however, is just a side effect of the neutralization of the lysosomal pH by Gln.
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Jahreiss
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: Renna
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Bittman
authors: Gilbert
authors: G
authors: Arthur
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Rubinsztein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000378:metabolism; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C100468:1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-3-O-(2'-acetamido-2'-deoxyglucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol; D006017:Glycolipids; C477012:MAP1LC3A protein, human; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D002403:Cathepsins; D020169:Caspases