Intraosseous access.
BACKGROUND
Vascular access is of paramount importance in the care of the critically ill patient. When central or peripheral intravenous access cannot be accomplished in a timely manner, intraosseous access and infusion is a rapid and safe alternative for the delivery of fluids, medications, and blood products. The resurgence of the use of intraosseous access in the 1980s led to the development of new methods and devices that facilitate insertion.


OBJECTIVE
This article discusses general indications, contraindications, and complications of intraosseous access and infusion, focusing on new devices and their insertion.


CONCLUSIONS
Current research is focused on product innovation and improving drug delivery using intraosseous autoinjectors, finding new anatomic sites for placement, and expanding the use of different intraosseous devices to the adult population.


CONCLUSIONS
New, improved intraosseous systems provide health care providers with choices beyond traditional manual intraosseous access for administering fluids.
Luck
Raemma P
RP
Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Haines
Christopher
C
Mull
Colette C
CC
D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000075202:Contraindications; D016638:Critical Illness; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009339:Needles