title: The association between emergency department crowding and analgesia administration in acute abdominal pain patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors assessed the effect of emergency department (ED) crowding on the nontreatment and delay in treatment for analgesia in patients who had acute abdominal pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a secondary analysis of prospectively enrolled nonpregnant adult patients presenting to an urban teaching ED with abdominal pain during a 9-month period. Each patient had four validated crowding measures assigned at triage. Main outcomes were the administration of and delays in time to analgesia. A delay was defined as waiting more than 1 hour for analgesia. Relative risk (RR) regression was used to test the effects of crowding on outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 976 abdominal pain patients (mean [+/-standard deviation] age = 41 [+/-16.6] years; 65% female, 62% black) were enrolled, of whom 649 (67%) received any analgesia. Of those treated, 457 (70%) experienced a delay in analgesia from triage, and 320 (49%) experienced a delay in analgesia after room placement. After adjusting for possible confounders of the ED administration of analgesia (age, sex, race, triage class, severe pain, final diagnosis of either abdominal pain not otherwise specified or gastroenteritis), increasing delays in time to analgesia from triage were independently associated with all four crowding measures, comparing the lowest to the highest quartile of crowding (total patient-care hours RR = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32 to 1.80; occupancy rate RR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.42 to 1.91; inpatient number RR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.36 to 1.81; and waiting room number RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.31 to 1.77). Crowding measures were not associated with the failure to treat with analgesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency department crowding is associated with delays in analgesic treatment from the time of triage in patients presenting with acute abdominal pain.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. millsa@uphs.upenn.edu
authors: Angela M
authors: AM
authors: Mills
authors: Frances S
authors: FS
authors: Shofer
authors: Esther H
authors: EH
authors: Chen
authors: Judd E
authors: JE
authors: Hollander
authors: Jesse M
authors: JM
authors: Pines
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003441:Crowding; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014218:Triage
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D015415:Biomarkers