title: Cytomegalovirus prevention in high-risk lung transplant recipients: comparison of 3- vs 12-month valganciclovir therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are common after lung transplantation (LuTx) and have an influence on acute rejection rates and chronic organ dysfunction. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of CMV infections by comparing a prolonged valganciclovir prophylaxis with a standard regimen in high-risk LuTx recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, single-center study was performed comparing two different CMV prophylactic regimens in high-risk LuTx recipients (D(+)/R(-)). The study population received either 3 months (Group A, 15 patients) or 12 months (Group B, 17 patients) of oral valganciclovir 900 mg/day in combination with CMV hyperimmune globulin in four doses (Days 1, 7, 14 and 21 post-transplant).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CMV viremia was noted in 11 of 15 patients in Group A (75%) and 5 of 17 in Group B (33%) (p < 0.05) at 6 months after valganciclovir cessation. The incidence of symptomatic CMV disease/syndrome was 6 of 15 (44%) in Group A and 2 of 17 in Group B (13%) (p < 0.05). Histologically proven acute rejection episodes of ISHLT Grade > or =A2 were found in 4 patients in Group A and in 1 patient in Group B within the first year (p = 0.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 12-month CMV prophylaxis with oral valganciclovir is effective in significantly reducing CMV viremia and CMV disease/syndrome in high-risk lung transplant recipients. In addition, a reduction in acute and recurrent rejection episodes was observed, possibly due to less CMV viremia and subsequent immunomodulatory effects.
authors: Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, General Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Jaksch
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Zweytick
authors: Heidrun
authors: H
authors: Kerschner
authors: Ali Mir
authors: AM
authors: Hoda
authors: Maya
authors: M
authors: Keplinger
authors: György
authors: G
authors: Lang
authors: Clemens
authors: C
authors: Aigner
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Klepetko
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000077562:Valganciclovir
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077562:Valganciclovir; D015774:Ganciclovir