title: Biological control of Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera: Sciaridae) in commercial mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation: a comparison between Hypoaspis miles and Steinernema feltiae.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mushroom cultivation may be adversely affected by insect pests, including sciarids (Lycoriella spp.), which were previously controlled by application of chemical pesticides. However, owing to food safety and environmental concerns, availability of pesticides for use during mushroom cultivation has diminished. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate alternative control strategies, not reliant on chemical pesticides, which may be used in an integrated pest management system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of the predatory mite Hypoaspis miles Berlese to commercial mushroom-growing beds at the beginning of spawn run or just prior to casing (830 mites m(-2)) significantly reduced immature sciarids, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour), in the growing substrate and also adult activity towards the conclusion of cropping. A trend towards lower sciarid emergence from substrates and reduced adult sciarid activity was observed following the application of Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (1.5 x 10(6) nematodes m(-2)) at casing. No significant treatment effects on mushroom yield were observed. However, contamination of the mushroom crop by adult sciarids increased in untreated controls. Application of H. miles required a 12-fold increase in labour when compared with application of S. feltiae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contingent upon the development of an effective application system, H. miles has potential for the biological control of sciarids in commercial mushroom production.
authors: Applied Plant Science, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast, UK. Stephen.Jess@afbini.gov.uk
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Jess
authors: Heinrich
authors: H
authors: Schweizer
mesh_terms: D000364:Agaricus / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D004175:Diptera / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology; D008925:Mites / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D017168:Rhabditida / Q000502:physiology*