Water-pipe (narguile) smokers in Lebanon: a pilot study.
We carried out a comparative study to assess the demographic and social characteristics of water pipe (WP) smokers, the association with cigarette smoking and chronic respiratory diseases and the dependence profile on 4 groups: exclusive WP smokers, exclusive cigarette smokers, mixed smokers and absolute non-smokers. Cigarette smoking was statistically significantly higher in WP smokers than non-WP smokers; 36.5% of exclusive WP smokers smoked > or =7 WPs/week. Chronic respiratory disease and chronic bronchitis were reported more frequently in exclusive WP smokers than absolute non-smokers. WP smoking seems to be as great a risk factor as cigarette smoking for chronic respiratory disease.
Waked
M
M
Department of Pulmonology, St George University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
Salameh
P
P
Aoun
Z
Z
D000328:Adult; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D014867:Water
D014867:Water