title: The use of holmium laser technology for the treatment of refractory common bile duct stones, with a short review of the relevant literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones can vary in complexity and many methods exist to fragment them before removal. Although holmium laser is frequently used in urological surgery, it is rarely used to achieve this aim.
  
  
  METHODS
  The holmium laser was passed along a fiber introduced via a flexible scope through the cystic duct at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This energy modality was used to fragment the stones to a size that allowed easy removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors have used this technique once so far and achieved complete clearance of the CBD with no mucosal damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Holmium laser provides an alternative and realistic treatment option for difficult CBD stones.
authors: Department of Surgery, Worthing and Southlands Hospitals NHS Trust, West Sussex, United Kingdom. daylad24@hotmail.com
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Day
authors: Mazin E
authors: ME
authors: Sayegh
authors: Christof
authors: C
authors: Kastner
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Liston
mesh_terms: D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D003135:Common Bile Duct; D042882:Gallstones / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser