title: Diastolic wall shear stress in the internal carotid artery is associated with different cardiovascular risk factors than systolic wall shear stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wall shear stress (WSS) is the frictional force exerted by the circulating blood on the endothelium. Low systolic WSS is identified as an atherosclerotic risk factor. Recently, also the importance of diastolic WSS has been described. Still, it is unknown whether diastolic WSS carries similar cardiovascular risk factors compared to systolic WSS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 379 subjects (70-82 years, 56% male) diastolic and systolic WSS in the internal carotid arteries was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age and gender, diastolic blood pressure was associated with systolic WSS (p = 0.02). Body mass index was associated with diastolic WSS (p = 0.04). Smoking was associated with diastolic WSS (p = 0.05). Myocardial infarction was associated with both systolic WSS (p = 0.04) and diastolic WSS (p < 0.01). No associations between cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, history of diabetes, hypertension, angina pectoris, claudication, stroke, or any vascular disease were found with systolic or diastolic WSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicates different cardiovascular risk factors for diastolic WSS compared to systolic WSS.
authors: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. i.h.meinders@lumc.nl
authors: Inge H
authors: IH
authors: Palm-Meinders
authors: Frieke M A
authors: FM
authors: Box
authors: Anton J M
authors: AJ
authors: de Craen
authors: Gerard J
authors: GJ
authors: Blauw
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: van Buchem
authors: Jeroen
authors: J
authors: van der Grond
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D017276:Friction; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012307:Risk Factors; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013599:Systole