title: Factors associated with positive tuberculin skin test results among HIV-infected persons in Orel Oblast, Russia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (PLWHAs) for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reduces tuberculosis (TB) morbidity. Despite a high TB burden and an expanding human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, Russia had limited data on the utility of the tuberculin skin test (TST) for LTBI diagnosis in PLWHAs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and predictors of positive TSTs in PLWHAs in Orel Oblast.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 150 consenting PLWHAs being followed up at the AIDS Center were administered a TST and a questionnaire for risk factors for LTBI. A positive TST result was defined as >or=5 mm induration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 150 subjects, 67% were male and 74% were aged <30 years. Of the PLWHAs tested, 26% had a positive TST result, while among PLWHAs with CD4(+) >500 cells/ml, 36% were TST-positive. TST positivity varied inversely with CD4(+) cell count. Among PLWHAs with a history of injection drug use, the primary risk factor for HIV, 29 (31.9%) were positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high proportion of tested PLWHAs had a positive TST and could benefit from preventive therapy (PT) to reduce the risk of TB. A TB control programme in Russia should therefore include TST screening among PLWHAs and PT, besides active TB case finding and treatment.
authors: Division of TB Elimination, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. erika.vitek@gmail.com
authors: Erika
authors: E
authors: Vitek
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Gusseinova
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Laricheva
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Vasiliev
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Molotilov
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Sofronova
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Kazionny
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Cegielski
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Nguyen
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Nelson
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Agerton
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Wells
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology