title: Detection of pyrogens adsorbed to intraocular lenses: evaluation of limulus amoebocyte lysate and in vitro pyrogen tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ability of the limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay and the in vitro pyrogen test (IPT) to detect pyrogens adsorbed to intraocular lenses (IOLs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Berlin Eye Research Institute, Berlin, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen of each of the following IOLs were used: MicroSil MS 612 ASP, AcrySof SA60AT, Superflex, Sensar, XACT, and LS-106 IOLs. The challenge organism suspensions were 10(3) CFU/mL and 10(4) CFU/mL Escherichia coli, 10(3) CFU/mL and 10(4) CFU/mL Pseudomonas putida, and 10(5) CFU/mL and 10(6) CFU/mL Staphylococcus epidermidis. Two IOLs of each model were incubated at room temperature for at least 2 days in 0.6 mL of 1 of the suspensions. They were then gamma sterilized. The extract of 1 IOL was tested with the LAL assay; the other IOL was tested with the IPT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LAL was negative for all incubated IOLs. The IPT was positive for all IOLs incubated in E coli and P putida suspensions, with the MicroSil MS 612 ASP, AcrySof SA60AT, XACT, and LS-106 IOLs showing a severe reaction. The Superflex and Sensar IOLs had a slight to moderate response for lower bacterial concentrations and a moderate to severe response for higher concentrations. For S epidermidis, all IOLs showed a slight IPT response except XACT IOLs, which showed a nonpyrogenic response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that the LAL test may fail to detect pyrogens adsorbed to IOLs and the IPT reliably detects pyrogens with a dose-dependent response. This has relevance in the investigation of toxic anterior segment syndrome outbreaks.
authors: Berlin Eye Research Institute, Berlin, Germany. werner.liliana@gmail.com
authors: Liliana
authors: L
authors: Werner
authors: Manfred
authors: M
authors: Tetz
authors: Khalid
authors: K
authors: Mentak
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Aldred
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Zwisler
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular / Q000382:microbiology*; D008033:Limulus Test; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000502:physiology; D011749:Pyrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D011749:Pyrogens