Computer controlled multi-walled carbon nanotube inhalation exposure system.
Inhalation exposure systems are necessary tools for determining the dose-response relationship of inhaled toxicants under a variety of exposure conditions. The objective of this project was to develop an automated computer controlled system to expose small laboratory animals to precise concentrations of airborne multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). An aerosol generator was developed which was capable of suspending a respirable fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes from bulk material. The output of the generator was used to expose small laboratory animals to constant aerosol concentrations up to 12 mg/m(3). Particle distribution and morphology of the MWCNT aerosol delivered to the exposure chamber were measured and compared to samples previously taken from air inside a facility that produces MWCNT. The comparison showed the MWCNT generator was producing particles similar in size and shape to those found in a work environment. The inhalation exposure system combined air flow controllers, particle monitors, data acquisition devices, and custom software with automatic feedback control to achieve constant and repeatable exposure chamber temperature, relative humidity, pressure, aerosol concentration, and particle size distribution. The automatic control algorithm was capable of maintaining the mean aerosol concentration to within 0.1 mg/m(3) of the selected target value, and it could reach 95% of the target value in less than 10 minutes during the start-up of an inhalation exposure. One of the major advantages of this system was that once the exposure parameters were selected, a minimum amount of operator intervention was required over the exposure period.
McKinney
Walter
W
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. wdm9@cdc.gov
Chen
Bean
B
Frazer
Dave
D
D000336:Aerosols; D001273:Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; D006813:Humidity; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D010316:Particle Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D013696:Temperature
D000336:Aerosols; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon