Non-genomic regulation of vascular cell function and growth by estrogen.
Estrogens exert rapid, non-genomic effects, which are mediated by plasma membrane-associated estrogen receptors (mER) mERalpha and mERbeta, and the intracellular transmembrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Membrane-initiated responses contribute to transcriptional activation, resulting in a complex interplay of nuclear and extra-nuclear mechanisms that mediate the acute physiological responses to estrogens. Non-genomic estrogen signaling also activates a variety of intracellular estrogen signaling pathways that regulate vascular function and cell growth involving rapid but also long-term effects. This review discusses recent advances in understanding of the mechanisms of non-genomic estrogen receptor signaling in the vascular wall.
Meyer
Matthias R
MR
Departement für Innere Medizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Universitätsspital, Zürich, Switzerland.
Haas
Elvira
E
Prossnitz
Eric R
ER
Barton
Matthias
M
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
D000199:Actins; D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled