title: Cine cardiac imaging using black-blood steady-state free precession (BB-SSFP) at 3T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose a new black-blood (BB) pulse sequence that provides BB cine cardiac images with high blood-myocardium contrast. The proposed technique is based on the conventional steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Numerical simulations of the Bloch equation were conducted to compare the resulting signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to that of conventional BB imaging, including the effects of changing the imaging flip angle and heart rates. Simulation results were verified using a gel phantom experiment and five normal volunteers were scanned using the proposed technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The new sequence showed higher SNR and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) (approximately 100%) compared to the conventional BB imaging. Also, the borders of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) appear more distinguishable than the conventional SSFP. We were also able to cover about 80% of the cardiac cycle with short breath-hold time (approximately 10 cardiac cycles) and with reasonable SNR and CNR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on an SSFP conventional sequence, the new sequence provides BB cines that cover most of the cardiac cycle and with higher SNR and CNR than the conventional BB sequences.
authors: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors: Tamer A
authors: TA
authors: Basha
authors: El-Sayed H
authors: el-SH
authors: Ibrahim
authors: Robert G
authors: RG
authors: Weiss
authors: Nael F
authors: NF
authors: Osman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012016:Reference Values