title: Fosfomycin for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive cocci with advanced antimicrobial drug resistance: a review of microbiological, animal and clinical studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The advancing antimicrobial drug resistance in Gram-positive cocci complicates the selection of appropriate therapy. The re-evaluation of older antibiotics may prove useful in expanding relevant therapeutic options.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate fosfomycin for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococci.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies evaluating the antimicrobial activity of fosfomycin against the above-mentioned pathogens, or the in vivo or clinical effectiveness of fosfomycin for the treatment of infections caused by these pathogens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As reported in the identified studies, the susceptibility rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to fosfomycin was > or = 90% in 12/22, and 50-90% in 7/22 studies; the cumulative susceptibility rate was 87.9% (4240/4892 isolates). The cumulative susceptibility rate of vancomycin-resistant enterococci to fosfomycin was 30.3% (183/604 isolates), and that of penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococci was 87.2% (191/219 isolates). Clinical data show that fosfomycin, primarily in combination regimens, has been associated with clinical success in 28/29 (96.6%) cases of infection (mainly pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis) by fosfomycin-susceptible isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The above data support further research on the role of fosfomycin against infections caused by Gram-positive cocci with advanced antimicrobial drug resistance.
authors: Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), 9 Neapoleos Street, 15123 Marousi, Athens, Greece. m.falagas@aibs.gr
authors: Matthew E
authors: ME
authors: Falagas
authors: Nikos
authors: N
authors: Roussos
authors: Ioannis D
authors: ID
authors: Gkegkes
authors: Petros I
authors: PI
authors: Rafailidis
authors: Drosos E
authors: DE
authors: Karageorgopoulos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005578:Fosfomycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005578:Fosfomycin