title: Evaluation of IGF-2/ApaI polymorphism in pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 taking antiretroviral drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies carried out to assess the effects of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) in HIV-1 infected pregnant women have demonstrated carbohydrate intolerance. Some reports also refer to the effect of disturbances in the expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system on pancreas beta-cell function in humans and IGF-2/ApaI polymorphisms have been associated with obesity and features of the metabolic syndromes. In the present study, we tested the association between IGF-2/ApaI genotype and hyperglycemia in HIV-1 infected pregnant women receiving ARV.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied IGF-2/ApaI polymorphism in 87 healthy pregnant women, 43 HIV-1 infected pregnant women taking ARV with hyperglycemia during pregnancy, and 43 HIV-1-negative pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction, PCR and genotyping. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality, ANOVA and chi-square tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in genotype frequency among the three groups analyzed. Considering the HIV-1-infected pregnant women, there were no significant differences in genotype frequency between the zidovudine group and the triple antiretroviral treatment group. There were no significant differences in allele frequencies among the groups evaluated. Non-white pregnant women tended to present the GG genotypes compared to white pregnant women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results contribute to a better understanding of metabolic glycemic disorders in HIV-1-infected pregnant women using ARV, showing that IGF-2/ApaI polymorphisms are not responsible as a single causative factor of glycemic alterations. These data indicate that other variables should be studied in order to explain these glycemic abnormalities.
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. dralemar@uol.com.br
authors: Alessandra C
authors: AC
authors: Marcolin
authors: Geraldo
authors: G
authors: Duarte
authors: Silvana M
authors: SM
authors: Quintana
authors: Francielle M
authors: FM
authors: Araújo
authors: Patrícia
authors: P
authors: El Beitune
authors: Carla V
authors: CV
authors: Gonçalves
authors: Ester S
authors: ES
authors: Ramos
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; C035170:IGF2 protein, human; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; C038485:GGGCCC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases