title: Synthesis and thermotropic liquid crystalline properties of zwitterionic gemini surfactants containing a quaternary ammonium and a sulfate group.
abstract: A homologous series of novel zwitterionic gemini surfactants, N,N-dimethyl-N-[3-(alkyloxy)-2-sulfate-propyl]-alkylammonium (referred to as C(m)EOSAC(n)), were synthesized. One of the hydrophilic groups is a sulfate anion, and the other is an ammonium cation. Their thermotropic liquid crystalline properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and variable-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results were compared with those for bis(quaternary ammonium) gemini amphiphiles with counterions and catanionic surfactants without a spacer. The C(m)EOSAC(n)s were shown to display improved thermal stability and to form a stable smectic A liquid-crystalline phase over a wide temperature region (63+/-0.5 degrees C), which can be attributed to weakening the interactions between the surfactant headgroups. The XRD data confirmed that the two chains of molecules were arranged in a cis configuration with respect to the extended N-CH(2)-CH-SO(4) skeleton in both the solid lattice and the mesophases. In addition, the DSC results showed that the dissymmetry of the hydrophobic chains had a slight effect on the melting point and the clearing point of the C(m)EOSAC(n) compounds. The present investigation points the way to developing stable liquid crystalline materials using gemini-type surfactants.
authors: Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.
authors: Tianhua
authors: T
authors: Zhou
authors: Jianxi
authors: J
authors: Zhao