title: Use of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in individuals with traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the extent to which the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is confounded by symptoms that are transdiagnostic between psychopathology and neurological sequelae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one adults with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) completed the PAI over the first year post-injury. Items that discriminated brain-injured individuals from a normative sample were identified using effect size analyses and were then subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation. To explore whether the items identified in the PCA may be considered transdiagnostic in nature, an expert rating task and correlations with objective outcome measures were employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Effect sizes analyses identified 21 items that discriminated adults with TBI from the normative sample. Eight items associated with component 1 of the PCA were considered to be transdiagnostic. These items reflected health concerns and thinking problems from the Somatic Complaints, Depression and Schizophrenia scales. Items belonging to the other components reflected behaviours that are commonly associated with TBI, but not considered transdiagnostic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a comprehensive and multi-modal approach, results demonstrated good convergent validity for a small sub-set of items as being transdiagnostic. Overall, the findings support the PAI as a useful measure of psychiatric and emotional disturbances among persons with TBI.
authors: Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ctill@yorku.ca
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Till
authors: Bruce K
authors: BK
authors: Christensen
authors: Robin E
authors: RE
authors: Green
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult