Double inferior vena cava: a report of three cases.
Double inferior vena cava (IVC) is a congenital anomaly resulting from the persistence of the embryonic venous system. The majority of cases are clinically silent and diagnosed incidentally on imaging for other reasons. However, these venous anomalies may have significant clinical implications, especially during retroperitoneal surgery and in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. We report three cases of double IVC and review the relevant literature. The clinical importance of recognising double IVC is discussed.
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Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.
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D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*