Gender-specific correlates of incarceration among marginally housed individuals in San Francisco.
OBJECTIVE
We assessed how different patterns of housing instability affect incarceration and whether correlates of incarceration are gender specific.


METHODS
We used multivariate logistic regression to assess associations between patterns of housing instability and recent jail stays among a reproducible sample of 1175 marginally housed adults in San Francisco, California.


RESULTS
Over the previous year, 71% of men and 21% of women in the sample reported jail stays. Among women, long-term single-room occupancy hotel stays ( > 90 days) were protective for incarceration. Stays in the street were associated with incarceration among both genders, but among men, short-term (i.e., <or= 90 days) street stays were associated with the highest odds of incarceration, and among women, long-term street stays were most correlated with incarceration. Sex trade increased the odds of incarceration among men only; recent drug use was associated with incarceration among both genders.


CONCLUSIONS
Correlates of incarceration differed by gender, and patterns of housing instability differentially affected incarceration for men and women. Policies to improve housing options and drug treatment for the urban poor are critical to breaking the cycle of incarceration and homelessness and improving health outcomes.
Weiser
Sheri D
SD
Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1372, USA. sheri.weiser@ucsf.edu
Neilands
Torsten B
TB
Comfort
Megan L
ML
Dilworth
Samantha E
SE
Cohen
Jennifer
J
Tulsky
Jacqueline P
JP
Riley
Elise D
ED
D000328:Adult; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors