title: Experimental study on targeted methotrexate delivery to the rabbit brain via magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of targeted and reversible disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) and delivery of methotrexate (MTX) to the rabbit brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The brains of 20 rabbits were sonicated by MRI-guided FUS at different exposure times, and then Evans blue extravasation, contrast-enhanced MRI, and histologic examination were performed to determine the optimal exposure time for reversible BBB disruption with minimal damage. Five rabbits were sonicated at the optimal exposure time after MTX was injected intravenously (IV); the targeted locations were included in the sonicated group, and the nontargeted contralateral counterparts were included in the IV control group. Five other rabbits were not subjected to sonication and were administered internal carotid artery (ICA) injections of MTX; the specimens of the counterpart brain tissue were harvested as the ICA group. The MTX concentration in all of the specimens was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MTX concentration in the sonicated group (mean +/- SD, 7.412 +/- 1.471 microg/g of tissue) was notably higher than that in both the IV control group (0.544 +/- 0.084 microg/g) and ICA group (1.984 +/- 0.65 microg/g; P <.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnetic resonance imaging-guided FUS can disrupt the BBB reversibly and deliver IV administered MTX to targeted brain locations; it brings about a greater than 10-fold increase in the drug level and is much more effective (approximately 3.7-fold) than drug delivery through the ICA without sonication. This may facilitate the development of improved treatment methods for central nervous system disorders.
authors: Institute of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Mei
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Cheng
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Song
authors: Yanqing
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Yingjiang
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Zhibiao
authors: Z
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004453:Echoencephalography; D005070:Evans Blue; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D013010:Sonication; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005070:Evans Blue; D008727:Methotrexate