title: Galea-including forehead flap for lower one-third nasal reconstruction.
abstract: The first choice for internal mucosal restoration of the nose is a septal mucosal or vestibular local flap. The forehead flap, raised including the galeal layer, is an alternative option for large nasal defects. It can be used in any difficult situation in which septal or vestibular flaps are not adoptable, such as complete loss of lower one-third. The authors intend to describe the inclusion of galea in the traditional median forehead flap for nasal lining reconstruction. Thirteen patients treated with a forehead flap including galea for lower one-third nasal reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed. No complete flaps necrosis occurred. In 1 case, lining was lost due to infection. In 2 cases a moderate nostril stenosis was observed as late complication. The forehead flap with galea is a good option for large nasal full-thickness defects, involving the lower one-third.
authors: Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Bruschi
authors: Simona Denise
authors: SD
authors: Marchesi
authors: Filippo
authors: F
authors: Boriani
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Kefalas
authors: Maria Alessandra
authors: MA
authors: Bocchiotti
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Fraccalvieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps