title: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of non-pulmonary arterial hypertension pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: The 4th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension was the first international meeting to focus not only on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but also on the so-called non-PAH forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The term "non-PAH PH" summarizes those forms of PH that are found in groups 2 to 5 of the current classification of PH, that is, those forms associated with left heart disease, chronic lung disease, recurrent venous thromboembolism, and other diseases. Many of these forms of PH are much more common than PAH, but all of them have been less well studied, especially in terms of medical therapy. The working group on non-PAH PH focused mainly on 4 conditions: chronic obstructive lung disease, interstitial lung disease, chronic thromboembolic PH, and left heart disease. The medical literature regarding the role of PH in these diseases was reviewed, and recommendations regarding diagnosis and treatment of PH in these conditions are provided. Given the lack of robust clinical trials addressing PH in any of these conditions, it is important to conduct further studies to establish the role of medical therapy in non-PAH PH.
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: hoeper.marius@mh-hannover.de.
authors: Marius M
authors: MM
authors: Hoeper
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Clinic, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Joan Albert
authors: JA
authors: Barberà
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
authors: Richard N
authors: RN
authors: Channick
authors: Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Paul M
authors: PM
authors: Hassoun
authors: Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Irene M
authors: IM
authors: Lang
authors: Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Manes
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors: Fernando J
authors: FJ
authors: Martinez
authors: Department of Pathophysiology, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Naeije
authors: Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors: Horst
authors: H
authors: Olschewski
authors: Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Pepke-Zaba
authors: Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors: Margaret M
authors: MM
authors: Redfield
authors: Department of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors: Ivan M
authors: IM
authors: Robbins
authors: Pulmonary Department, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Rogério
authors: R
authors: Souza
authors: Department of Chest Medicine, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Torbicki
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: McGoon
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D015897:Comorbidity; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism; D012307:Risk Factors