title: Photophysical properties of Cerulean and Venus fluorescent proteins.
abstract: Cerulean and Venus are recently developed fluorescent proteins, often used as a donor-acceptor pair by researchers in Forster resonance energy transfer-based colocalization studies. We characterized the fluorescent properties of these two proteins in a broad spectral range (form ultraviolet to visible region). Excitation spectra, lifetimes, and polarization spectra show significant energy transfer from aromatic amino acids to the fluorescent protein chromophore. High steady-state anisotropy values and the lack of a fast component in anisotropy decays show that the fluorescent protein chromophore is rigidly fixed within the protein structure. Furthermore, we show that the chromophores are not accessible to external quenchers, such as acrylamide or potassium iodide (KI), allowing the removal of "unwanted" background in the environment with external quencher, while leaving the Cerulean/Venus fluorescence unchanged.
authors: University of North Texas Health Science Center, Center for Commercialization of Fluorescent Technologies, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.
authors: Pabak
authors: P
authors: Sarkar
authors: Srinagesh V
authors: SV
authors: Koushik
authors: Steven S
authors: SS
authors: Vogel
authors: Ignacy
authors: I
authors: Gryczynski
authors: Zygmunt
authors: Z
authors: Gryczynski
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000737:chemistry; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005454:Fluorescence Polarization / Q000379:methods*; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D011193:Potassium Iodide / Q000737:chemistry; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C485182:Cyan Fluorescent Protein; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D011193:Potassium Iodide; D020106:Acrylamide