Novel swine-origin influenza A virus in humans: another pandemic knocking at the door.
Influenza A viruses represent a continuous pandemic threat. In April 2009, a novel influenza A virus, the so-called swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV), was identified in Mexico. Although S-OIV originates from triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) that has been circulating in North American pig herds since the end of the 1990s, S-OIV is readily transmitted between humans but is not epidemic in pigs. After its discovery, S-OIV rapidly spread throughout the world within few weeks. In this review, we sum up the current situation and put it into the context of the current state of knowledge of influenza and influenza pandemics. Some indications suggest that a pandemic may be mild but even "mild" pandemics can result in millions of deaths. However, no reasonable forecasts how this pandemic may develop can be made at this time. Despite stockpiling by many countries and WHO, antiviral drugs will be limited in case of pandemic and resistances may emerge. Effective vaccines are regarded to be crucial for the control of influenza pandemics. However, production capacities are restricted and development/production of a S-OIV vaccine will interfere with manufacturing of seasonal influenza vaccines. The authors are convinced that S-OIV should be taken seriously as pandemic threat and underestimation of the menace by S-OIV to be by far more dangerous than its overestimation.
Michaelis
Martin
M
Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Doerr
Hans Wilhem
HW
Cinatl
Jindrich
J
D000818:Animals; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D013552:Swine / Q000821:virology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D014774:Virulence
D007252:Influenza Vaccines