Falls in the general hospital: association with delirium, advanced age, and specific surgical procedures.
BACKGROUND
Falls and delirium in general-hospital inpatients are related to increases in morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Patients fall despite safeguards and programs to reduce falling.


OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to determine the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed delirium in patients who fell during their hospital stay.


METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective electronic chart review of 252 patients who fell during their hospital stay. Falls were categorized by their severity (i.e., minor, moderate, and major). Demographic information, patient outcomes, and diagnostic criteria for delirium (per DSM-IV) were collected on the day of admission, the day of the fall, and the 2 days preceding the patient's fall.


RESULTS
Falls in the general hospital were associated with delirium (both diagnosed and undiagnosed), advanced age, and specific surgical procedures.


CONCLUSIONS
Improving the recognition of undiagnosed delirium may lead to sustainable and successful fall prevention programs. Detection of impairments in mental status can assist staff to create individualized patient care plans. Knowledge about which patients are at risk for injury from delirium and falls can lead to improvements in patient safety, functioning, and quality of life.
Lakatos
Barbara E
BE
Dept. of Nursing, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Tower 14, Boston, MA 02115, USA. blakatos@partners.org
Capasso
Virginia
V
Mitchell
Monique T
MT
Kilroy
Susan M
SM
Lussier-Cushing
Mary
M
Sumner
Laura
L
Repper-Delisi
Jennifer
J
Kelleher
Erin P
EP
Delisle
Leslie A
LA
Cruz
Constance
C
Stern
Theodore A
TA
D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003693:Delirium / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control