title: Surgical treatment of movement disorders.
abstract: Surgical approaches are an important consideration in the management of many movement disorders, particularly for patients refractory to medications. In this article, we review the history, pathophysiology, risks and indications for surgical treatment. Summaries of case studies, case series and clinical trials performed using deep brain stimulation are provided for Parkinson's disease, dystonia, essential tremor and other movement disorders.
authors: University of Colorado Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. benzi.kluger@ucdenver.edu
authors: Benzi M
authors: BM
authors: Kluger
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: Klepitskaya
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Okun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D004421:Dystonia / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy