[Resistant hypertension in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease].
Resistant hypertension is defined as blood pressure that remains above the target of <140/90 mm Hg in the general population and <130/80 mm Hg in people with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease (CKD) in spite of the use of at least three full-dose antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic, or as blood pressure that reaches the target by means of four or more drugs. Hypertension is a frequent complication in CKD and a determining factor in the progression of renal damage, especially in proteinuric and diabetic patients, as well as contributing to a high cardiovascular risk. Clinical practice guidelines recommend blood pressure levels below 130/80 mm Hg in all CKD patients, but the target is reached in only a small proportion (10-20%), both in nephrology and non-nephrology settings. The resistance to antihypertensive treatment may be considered one of the causes of the poor achievement of blood pressure targets in CKD patients.
Borrelli
S
S
Cattedra di Nefrologia, Seconda Universita', Napoli, Italy. silvio_borrelli@libero.it
Minutolo
R
R
Calabria
M
M
Grimaldi
M
M
Di Pietro
R
R
Donnarumma
G
G
D'Angio'
P L
PL
Conte
G
G
De Nicola
L
L
D002908:Chronic Disease; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications