title: Is a bougie required for the performance of the fundal wrap during laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been claimed that oesophageal intubation with a bougie during laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) reduces the risk of a tight crural repair and wrap, and thereby decreases the prevalence of post-operative dysphagia. The aim of this study is to assess the benefit of routinely inserting a bougie during LNF, in relation to post-operative dysphagia.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent LNF by a single surgeon between March 2005 and March 2007 were reviewed. Oesophageal intubation during surgery was routinely performed in all patients who underwent LNF during the first 11 months of the study period, whilst during the second phase, routine oesophageal intubation was not performed. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of post-operative dysphagia and complication rates. Dysphagia severity was assessed clinically by a scoring system at discharge, and again at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty patients had a bougie inserted (group 1) and 42 had no bougie (group 2). The mean age was 49.1 (SD, standard deviation +/- 8.1) years in group 1 and 49.4 (SD +/- 8.4) years in group 2 (p = 0.88). There were no major complications. When assessed at 12 weeks, 60% of group 1 and 51% of group 2 patients still had some degree of dysphagia (p = 0.635) but by 1 year dysphagia had resolved in all patients (p = 1.00). There was no significant difference in the median dysphagia scores between the two groups at: discharge (p = 0.181), 6 weeks (p = 0.234), 12 weeks (p = 0.504), 24 weeks (p = 0.182) or 1 year (p = 0.530). Analysis of the progression of dysphagia over the first post-operative year using Cox regression analysis did not show any significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.375).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LNF can be safely performed without the routine use of an oesophageal bougie and this practice does not result in increased post-operative dysphagia rates.
authors: Department of Surgery, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK. ksomas70@yahoo.co.uk
authors: Krishnamurthy
authors: K
authors: Somasekar
authors: Gareth
authors: G
authors: Morris-Stiff
authors: Hasan
authors: H
authors: Al-Madfai
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Barton
authors: Ahmed
authors: A
authors: Hassn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005748:Gastric Fundus / Q000601:surgery; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000601:surgery; D006356:Heartburn / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007440:Intubation / Q000295:instrumentation; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013536:Suture Techniques