title: Forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 inhibits insulin- and transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression.
abstract: Elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are considered a risk factor for chronic liver disease in patients with hyperinsulinemia. Insulin increases the expression of PAI-1, and inactivates the forkhead box-containing protein FoxO1. We were interested in whether the inactivation of FoxO1 is involved in the activation of PAI-1 expression under conditions of insulin stimulation. Here, we examined whether adenoviral-mediated expression of a constitutively active form of FoxO1 (Ad-CA-FoxO1) inhibited insulin-stimulated PAI-1 expression in human HepG2 hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells and mouse AML12 hepatocytes. Treatment of cells with insulin increased PAI-1 gene expression, and this effect was abolished by Ad-CA-FoxO1. Insulin also increased the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-induced expression of PAI-1 mRNA, and Ad-CA-FoxO1 inhibited this effect. Transient transfection assays using a reporter gene under the control of the PAI-1 promoter revealed that CA-FoxO1 inhibits Smad3-stimulated PAI-1 promoter activity. Taken together, our results indicate that FoxO1 inhibits PAI-1 expression through the inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad-mediated signaling pathways. Our data also suggest that in the hyperinsulinemic state, FoxO1 is inactivated by increased levels of insulin, and does not function as an inhibitor of TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 expression.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 194 Dongsan-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
authors: Yun-A
authors: YA
authors: Jung
authors: Kyeong-Min
authors: KM
authors: Lee
authors: Mi-Kyung
authors: MK
authors: Kim
authors: Gwon-Soo
authors: GS
authors: Jung
authors: Ye-Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Seo
authors: Hye-Soon
authors: HS
authors: Kim
authors: Ho-Chan
authors: HC
authors: Cho
authors: Ki-Up
authors: KU
authors: Lee
authors: Keun-Gyu
authors: KG
authors: Park
authors: In-Kyu
authors: IK
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000201:enzymology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C085126:FOXO1 protein, human; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D007328:Insulin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta