title: The modulatory effect of substance P on rat pineal norepinephrine release and melatonin secretion.
abstract: Secretion of melatonin by the mammalian pineal gland is primarily regulated by the release of norepinephrine (NE) from sympathetic nerve terminals that originate from the superior cervical ganglia. Peptidergic nerves that originate in the perikarya located in the sensory trigeminal ganglia also innervate the pineal gland. Some of these peptidergic nerve fibers contain substance P. Previously, we have characterized neurokinin 1 type substance P receptors in the pineal gland. However, the function of this receptor in the pineal gland remains unclear. Here, we examined the modulatory effect of substance P on rat pineal NE transmission. We show that at the presynaptic level, substance P stimulates the KCl-induced [(3)H]NE release from the pineal nerve ending. However, we found that substance P did not affect the basal levels of either arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) activity or melatonin secretion in rat pineal organ cultures. However, in the presence of NE, substance P inhibited the NE-induced increase in AANAT activity and melatonin secretion. This is the first time that a function for substance P in the mammalian pineal gland has been demonstrated.
authors: Neuro-Behavioral Biology Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
authors: Sujira
authors: S
authors: Mukda
authors: Morten
authors: M
authors: Møller
authors: Manuchair
authors: M
authors: Ebadi
authors: Piyarat
authors: P
authors: Govitrapong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047068:Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D013373:Substance P / Q000502:physiology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D013373:Substance P; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D047068:Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase; D008550:Melatonin; D009638:Norepinephrine