title: Placebo effects of caffeine on short-term resistance exercise to failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the placebo effect of caffeine on number of repetitions (reps), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), blood pressure (BP), and peak heart rate (PHR) during resistance-training exercise with repetitions (reps) performed to volitional failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following determination of 1-rep maximum in single-leg leg extension, 15 males performed reps to failure at 60% 1-RM in 3 conditions: control, perceived caffeine condition, and perceived placebo condition presented in a randomized order. Participants were informed they would ingest 250 mL of solution that contained either 3 mg.kg(-1) caffeine or 3 mg.kg(-1) placebo 1 h before each exercise trial. A deceptive protocol was employed and subjects consumed a placebo solution in both conditions. During each condition, total reps, RPE for the active muscle and overall body, and PHR were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects completed 2 more reps when they perceived they had ingested caffeine. RPE was significantly (P=.04) lower in the perceived caffeine and control conditions and RPE for the active muscle was significantly higher across all conditions compared with RPE for the overall body. No substantial differences were evident in PHR across conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study are similar to studies of actual caffeine ingestion. However, the perception of consuming a substance that purportedly enhances performance is sufficient enough to enable individuals to complete a greater number of reps to failure during short-term resistance exercise.
authors: Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK.
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Duncan
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Lyons
authors: Joanne
authors: J
authors: Hankey
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015444:Exercise; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D010465:Perception; D005082:Physical Exertion; D015990:Placebo Effect; D055070:Resistance Training; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002110:Caffeine