Identification of a novel IL-1 cytokine family member in teleost fish.
A novel IL-1 family member (nIL-1F) has been discovered in fish, adding a further member to this cytokine family. The unique gene organization of nIL-1F, together with its location in the genome and low homology to known family members, suggests that this molecule is not homologous to known IL-1F. Nevertheless, it contains a predicted C-terminal beta-trefoil structure, an IL-1F signature region within the final exon, a potential IL-1 converting enzyme cut site, and its expression level is clearly increased following infection, or stimulation of macrophages with LPS or IL-1beta. A thrombin cut site is also present and may have functional relevance. The C-terminal recombinant protein antagonized the effects of rainbow trout rIL-1beta on inflammatory gene expression in a trout macrophage cell line, suggesting it is an IL-1beta antagonist. Modeling studies confirmed that nIL-1F has the potential to bind to the trout IL-1RI receptor protein, and may be a novel IL-1 receptor antagonist.
Wang
Tiehui
T
Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Bird
Steve
S
Koussounadis
Antonis
A
Holland
Jason W
JW
Carrington
Allison
A
Zou
Jun
J
Secombes
Christopher J
CJ
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005399:Fishes; D040461:Gene Components; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides