title: Sleep-disordered breathing and behaviors of inner-city children with asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and behavioral problems among inner-city children with asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined data for 194 children (aged 4-10 years) who were enrolled in a school-based asthma intervention program (response rate: 72%). SDB was assessed by using the Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder Questionnaire that contains 3 subscales: snoring, sleepiness, and attention/hyperactivity. For the current study, we modified the Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder Questionnaire by removing the 6 attention/hyperactivity items. A sleep score of >0.33 was considered indicative of SDB. To assess behavior, caregivers completed the Behavior Problem Index (BPI), which includes 8 behavioral subdomains. We conducted bivariate analyses and multiple linear regression to determine the association of SDB with BPI scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of children (mean age: 8.2 years) were male (56%), black (66%), and insured by Medicaid (73%). Overall, 33% of the children experienced SDB. In bivariate analyses, children with SDB had significantly higher (worse) behavior scores compared with children without SDB on total BPI (13.7 vs 8.8) and the subdomains externalizing (9.4 vs 6.3), internalizing (4.4 vs 2.5), anxious/depressed (2.4 vs 1.3), headstrong (3.2 vs 2.1), antisocial (2.3 vs 1.7), hyperactive (3.0 vs 1.8), peer conflict (0.74 vs 0.43), and immature (2.0 vs 1.5). In multiple regression models adjusting for several important covariates, SDB remained significantly associated with total BPI scores and externalizing, internalizing, anxious/depressed, headstrong, and hyperactive behaviors. Results were consistent across SDB subscales (snoring, sleepiness).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that poor sleep was independently associated with behavior problems in a large proportion of urban children with asthma. Systematic screening for SDB in this high-risk population might help to identify children who would benefit from additional intervention.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. maria_fagnano@urmc.rochester.edu
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Fagnano
authors: Edwin
authors: E
authors: van Wijngaarden
authors: Heidi V
authors: HV
authors: Connolly
authors: Margaret A
authors: MA
authors: Carno
authors: Emma
authors: E
authors: Forbes-Jones
authors: Jill S
authors: JS
authors: Halterman
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data