title: Formononetin, an isoflavone, relaxes rat isolated aorta through endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent pathways.
abstract: We evaluated the vasorelaxation effects of formononetin, an isoflavone/phytoestrogen found abundantly in Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, on rat isolated aorta and the underlying mechanisms involved. Cumulative administration of formononetin, genistein, daidzein and biochanin A relaxed phenylephrine-preconstricted aorta. Formononetin and biochanin A caused a similar magnitude of relaxation whereas daidzein was least potent. Mechanical removal of endothelium, L-NAME (100 microM) and methylene blue (10 microM) suppressed formononetin-induced relaxation. Formononetin increased endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), but not inducible NO synthase, activity with an up-regulation of eNOS mRNA and p-eNOS(Ser1177) protein expression. In endothelium-denuded preparations, formononetin-induced vasorelaxation was significantly reduced by glibenclamide (3 microM) and iberiotoxin (100 nM), and a combination of glibenclamide (3 microM) plus iberiotoxin (100 nM) abolished the relaxation. In contrast, formononetin-elicited endothelium-independent relaxation was not altered by ICI 182,780 (10 microM, an estrogen receptor (ER alpha/ER beta) antagonist) or mifepristone (10 microM, a progesterone receptor antagonist). In single aortic smooth muscle cells, formononetin caused opening of iberiotoxin-sensitive Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels and glibenclamide-sensitive adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent K(+) (K(ATP)) channels. Thus, our results suggest that formononetin caused vascular relaxation via endothelium/NO-dependent mechanism and endothelium-independent mechanism which involves the activation of BK(Ca) and K(ATP) channels.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen 518057, PR China.
authors: Jian-Hong
authors: JH
authors: Wu
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Li
authors: Min-Yi
authors: MY
authors: Wu
authors: De-Jian
authors: DJ
authors: Guo
authors: Huan-Le
authors: HL
authors: Chen
authors: Shi-Lin
authors: SL
authors: Chen
authors: Sai-Wang
authors: SW
authors: Seto
authors: Alice L S
authors: AL
authors: Au
authors: Christina C W
authors: CC
authors: Poon
authors: George P H
authors: GP
authors: Leung
authors: Simon M Y
authors: SM
authors: Lee
authors: Yiu-Wa
authors: YW
authors: Kwan
authors: Shun-Wan
authors: SW
authors: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007529:Isoflavones; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C007768:formononetin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III