title: The effect of olanzapine pretreatment on acute cocaine toxicity in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute cocaine poisoning causes neuroexcitation and can be fatal. The toxic effects of cocaine can be attenuated by antagonists of serotonin, muscarinic cholinergic, and dopamine receptors. Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic medication, is an antagonist of these receptors. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine pretreatment for attenuation of acute cocaine toxicity using a mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty male CF-1 mice were randomly assigned to olanzapine (1 mg/kg) or placebo pretreatment. Fifteen minutes later, all animals received 103 mg/kg intraperitoneal cocaine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall mortality was 11% for olanzapine-treated animals and 45% for placebo. Olanzapine also appeared to alter the characteristics of seizures due to cocaine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this model of acute cocaine toxicity, olanzapine pretreatment attenuated acute cocaine toxicity. Olanzapine should be evaluated further as a potential treatment for acute cocaine poisoning.
authors: Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver Health, Denver, CO 80204, USA. kennon.heard@rmpdc.org
authors: Kennon J
authors: KJ
authors: Heard
authors: Nathan R
authors: NR
authors: Cleveland
authors: Shay
authors: S
authors: Krier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011041:Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003042:Cocaine; D000077152:Olanzapine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents