title: Isolation and characterization of actinomycetes from healthy goat faeces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To isolate and characterize actinomycetes with probiotic activities from healthy goat faeces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Faecal actinomycetes were isolated by dilution methods and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The hydrolytic enzyme activities were analysed by clear zone formation. The antimicrobial activities and resistance to heavy metals were tested by growth inhibition methods. The isolates belong to a small group of actinobacterial genera, including Streptomyces, Nocardiopsis and Oerskovia. The Oerskovia was the most widely distributed genus among the cultures. The proportion of streptomycete-like strains producing amylase or protease is significantly higher than those of other actinomycetes (P < 0.05). Compared with streptomycete-like strains, a higher proportion of (alpha- or beta-) galactase-producing other actinomycetes was found in goat faeces. More than 50% of streptomycete-like strains showed activities against test fungi. Streptomycetes could tolerate 0.25 mmol l(-1) Cr(2)O(7)(2-), 2 mmol l(-1) Ni(2+); however, other actinomycetes are liable to 40 mmol l(-1) Fe(3+) and 0.25 mmol l(-1) Cr(2)O(7)(2-) and resistant to 5 mmol l(-1) Ni(2+) and 2 mmol l(-1) Cu(2+).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The different physiological characteristics of the actinomycetes suggested that the cooperation in the actinomycetes might be involved in their association with goat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Probiotic mixtures based on faecal actinomycetes showed potentials in animal production.
authors: State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol and Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-sen) University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Tan
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Deng
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Cao
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005696:Galactosidases / Q000378:metabolism; D006041:Goats / Q000382:microbiology*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D000681:Amylases; D005696:Galactosidases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases