title: What parents don't know and how it may affect their children: qualifying the disclosure-adjustment link.
abstract: Recent research has identified adolescent disclosure to parents as a powerful predictor of adolescent adjustment. We propose, however, that the common operationalization of adolescent disclosure incorporates the two separate constructs of disclosure and secrecy, and predicted that the disclosure-adjustment link can largely be explained by the unique contribution of secrecy from parents. A four-wave survey study among 309 adolescents tested these predictions. Factor analyses confirmed that disclosure and secrecy should be distinguished as two separate constructs. Moreover, in cross-lagged path analyses, only secrecy was a longitudinal predictor of adolescent internalizing (i.e., depression) and externalizing (i.e., delinquency) problems, disclosure was not. Secrecy consistently contributed to the longitudinal prediction of delinquency from early to middle adolescence, whereas it contributed to the prediction of depression only in early adolescence. Findings thus attest the importance of distinguishing between disclosure and secrecy and suggest that the disclosure-adjustment link may actually reflect a secrecy-maladjustment link.
authors: Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, PO Box 80.140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands. T.Frijns@uu.nl
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Frijns
authors: Loes
authors: L
authors: Keijsers
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Branje
authors: Wim
authors: W
authors: Meeus
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012917:Social Adjustment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014342:Truth Disclosure