title: Glycemic index, glycemic load and renal cell carcinoma risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been related to refined cereals and starchy foods, but the association has not been studied in terms of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). To provide information on this issue, we analyzed data from an Italian multicentric case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were 767 patients with histologically confirmed, incident RCC. Controls were 1534 subjects admitted to the same hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic conditions, unrelated to known risk factors for RCC. Information on dietary habits was derived through a food-frequency questionnaire. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for GI and GL intake were adjusted for major relevant covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the lowest quintile, the ORs for the highest quintile were 1.43 (95% CI 1.05-1.95) for GI and 2.56 (95% CI 1.78-3.70) for GL, with significant trends in risk. Compared with the lowest quintile, the risk of RCC for all subsequent levels of GL was higher in never drinkers than in ever drinkers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found direct relations between dietary levels of GI and GL and RCC risk. This can be related to mechanisms linked to insulin resistance and sensitivity.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, 'Mario Negri' Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy. galeone@marionegri.it
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Galeone
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Pelucchi
authors: L Dal
authors: LD
authors: Maso
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Negri
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Talamini
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Montella
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Ramazzotti
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Bellocco
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Franceschi
authors: C
authors: C
authors: La Vecchia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose