title: Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in patients undergoing open appendicectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a new regional anaesthetic technique that blocks abdominal neural afferents by introducing local anaesthetic into the neuro-fascial plane between the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscles. We evaluated its analgesic efficacy in patients undergoing open appendicectomy in a randomized controlled double-blinded clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two adult patients undergoing open appendicectomy were randomized to undergo standard care (n=26) or to undergo a right-sided TAP block with bupivacaine (n=26). In addition, all patients received patient-controlled i.v. morphine analgesia, regular acetaminophen, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, as required, in the postoperative period. All patients received standard anaesthetic, and after induction of anaesthesia, the TAP group received an ultrasound-guided unilateral TAP block. Each patient was assessed after operation by a blinded investigator at 30 min and 24 h after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrasound-guided TAP block significantly reduced postoperative morphine consumption in the first 24 h [mean (sd) 28 (18) vs 50 (19) mg, P<0.002]. Postoperative visual analogue scale pain scores were also reduced in the TAP block group soon after surgery [median (IQR) 4.5 (3-5.3) vs 8.5 (7.5-10), P<0.001] and at 24 h [5.2 (4-6.2) vs 8 (7-8.5), P<0.001]. There were no complications attributable to the TAP block.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound-guided TAP block holds considerable promise as a part of a balanced postoperative analgesic regimen for patients undergoing open appendicectomy.
authors: Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK. nirajgopinath@yahoo.co.uk
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Niraj
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Searle
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mathews
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Misra
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Baban
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kiani
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wong
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation*; D000328:Adult; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001062:Appendectomy / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine