title: Primary language spoken at home and children's dental service utilization in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Language barriers have been well documented as a contributing factor to disparities in the receipt of medical services, especially for Hispanic children. However, there is a paucity of information on the effect of language barriers on children's dental service utilization. We examined the association of primary language spoken at home with the receipt of preventive and routine dental care for children in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2002-2004), which contains data on 21,049 children weighted to represent 75.8 million children nationally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among children aged 1-18 years, 13 percent spoke a language other than English at home. Whites, females, children between the ages of 7 and 12 years, and those whose parents spoke English at home had the highest marginal rates of preventive and routine dental visits. However, the large marginal effect of language, even among Hispanics, was not significant after adjusting for other covariates. Parental education and having a primary provider were the strongest predictors of preventive and routine dental visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children that did not speak English at home were less likely to receive preventive or routine dental care. However, after adjusting for other socio-economic factors, our study suggests that language barriers may not play as pronounced a role in the receipt of dental care as that documented for medical services.
authors: Department of Developmental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, USA.
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Noyce
authors: Aniko
authors: A
authors: Szabo
authors: Nicholas M
authors: NM
authors: Pajewski
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Jackson
authors: T Gerard
authors: TG
authors: Bradley
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Okunseri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003144:Communication Barriers; D019140:Dental Care for Children / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003752:Dental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007223:Infant; D007802:Language; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States