title: Reimbursement for drugs -- a register study comparing economic outcome for five healthcare centres in areas with different socioeconomic conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have indicated the negative effects of socioeconomic deprivation on health status and morbidity. Nevertheless, the economic assignment systems for pharmaceutical benefits in Sweden do not take socioeconomic status (SES) into account. The aim of the study was, therefore, to compare reimbursement for subsidized drugs at primary healthcare centres (HCCs) with differing socioeconomic conditions in relation to real costs. The word reimbursement is used to denote economic compensation to the HCCs from the county council for drug benefit costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The numbers of individuals dispensed drugs, total costs and reimbursement at five HCCs with different socioeconomic conditions were compared. A socioeconomic index was calculated for each HCC on the basis of information from the municipality registries on income (with negative sign), assistance allowance, education, foreign background, and unemployment. Register data on drug benefit costs were retrieved from the National Corporation of Pharmacies (Apoteket AB) and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register at the National Board of Health and Welfare. Data on listed and unlisted citizens at the Kalmar County Council and on public statistics from registers at the HCC municipalities where the HCCs were situated were retrieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an almost inverse linear relationship between total cost compensation and the socioeconomic index (n = 5; r =-0.99; p = 0.001). The HCCs with the lowest SES received lower cost compensation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCCs responsible for citizens with lower SES appeared to be disadvantaged by the prevalent reimbursement system in Sweden, thereby increasing differences in the state of health of the citizens. This, in turn, hampers health preventing programmes and lifestyle interventions. An HCC-specific standardized summary of socioeconomic burden is presented.
authors: School of Human Sciences, University of Kalmar and Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Sweden. birgitta.semark@hik.se
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Semark
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Fredlund
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Astrand
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Brudin
mesh_terms: D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000191:economics; D016527:Drug Costs; D005252:Fees, Pharmaceutical; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000191:economics*; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000191:economics*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics; D012042:Registries; D012051:Reimbursement Mechanisms; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D055553:Prescription Drugs