title: Influence of pharmaceutical care on health outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the influence of a pharmaceutical care programme on disease control and health-related quality of life in Type 2 diabetes patients in the United Arab Emirates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 240 Type 2 diabetes patients were recruited into a randomized, controlled, prospective clinical trial with a 12-month follow-up. A range of clinical measures, medication adherence and health-related quality of life (Short Form 36) were evaluated at baseline and up to 12 months. Intervention group patients received pharmaceutical care from a clinical pharmacist, whereas control group patients received their usual care from medical and nursing staff. The primary outcome measure was change in HbA(1c). British National Formulary and Framingham scoring methods were used to estimate changes in 10-year coronary heart disease risk scores in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 234 patients completed the study. Significant reductions (P < 0.001) in mean values (baseline vs. 12 months; 95% confidence interval) of HbA(1c)[8.5% (8.3, 8.7) vs. 6.9% (6.7, 7.1)], systolic [131.4 mmHg (128.1, 134.7) vs. 127.2 mmHg (124.4, 130.1)] and diastolic blood pressure [85.2 mmHg (83.5, 86.8) vs. 76.3 mmHg (74.9, 77.7)] were observed in the intervention group; no significant changes were noted in the control group. The mean Framingham risk prediction score in the intervention group was 10.56% (9.7, 11.4) at baseline; this decreased to 7.7% (6.9, 8.5) (P < 0.001) at 12 months but remained unchanged in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmaceutical care programme resulted in better glycaemic control and reduced cardiovascular risk scores in Type 2 diabetes patients over a 12-month period.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Sheikh Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
authors: Nadia Rashid
authors: NR
authors: Al Mazroui
authors: Mostafa Mohamed
authors: MM
authors: Kamal
authors: Naserdeen Mehana
authors: NM
authors: Ghabash
authors: Targ Ahmed
authors: TA
authors: Yacout
authors: Prashant Laxman
authors: PL
authors: Kole
authors: James C
authors: JC
authors: McElnay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000592:standards*; D010595:Pharmacists; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014479:United Arab Emirates
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents