title: Pentamidine as secondary prophylaxis for visceral leishmaniasis in the immunocompromised host: report of four cases.
abstract: We report a retrospective and descriptive study of four immunocompromised patients (three with HIV-1 and one with idiopathic CD4+-lymphopenia) with relapsing visceral leishmaniasis seen at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, in whom pentamidine was used as secondary prophylaxis to prevent relapse. Patients experienced between one and four relapses before commencing prophylaxis with subsequent relapse-free periods ranging from 5 to 98 months. Based on these observational data, we recommend large trials to investigate the efficacy of pentamidine over other agents in preventing relapse of VL in the immunocompromised patient.
authors: Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, UK. truptipatel@hotmail.com
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Patel
authors: D N
authors: DN
authors: Lockwood
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008231:Lymphopenia / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010419:Pentamidine