title: Endoscopic cyanoacrylate versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for gastric variceal bleeding: a single-center U.S. analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastric variceal hemorrhage treatment remains a difficult issue for clinicians. There is controversy regarding whether first-line treatment should be endoscopic therapy with cyanoacrylate glue or placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). We compared these methods on the basis of rebleeding, survival, and complications. DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of cirrhotic patients with gastric variceal hemorrhage treated with endoscopic cyanoacrylate therapy or TIPS placement at a single U.S. center from 1997 to 2007. The groups were compared for rebleeding at 72 hours, 3 months, and 1 year; survival rates at 3 months and 1 year; and acute and extended complications and morbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 105 patients were included. There were no significant pretreatment differences between the 2 groups in age, sex, MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) score at the time of admission, or cause of liver disease. There were no significant differences in rebleeding at 72 hours, 3 months, and 1 year; survival at 3 months and 1 year; and aggregate long-term survival or acute complications. However, the TIPS group had a higher rate of long-term morbidity requiring hospitalization (41% with a TIPS and 1.6% in the cyanoacrylate arm, P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrospective and uncontrolled samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with similar characteristics, cyanoacrylate therapy performed as well as a TIPS in controlling and preventing gastric variceal hemorrhage with no significant differences in survival. Patients receiving cyanoacrylate therapy experienced significantly less long-term morbidity related to therapy than patients who received a TIPS. Cyanoacrylate therapy appears to be safe and effective and compares favorably with TIPS therapy.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Health Center of Excellence, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0708, USA.
authors: Nicholas J
authors: NJ
authors: Procaccini
authors: Abdullah M S
authors: AM
authors: Al-Osaimi
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Northup
authors: Curtis
authors: C
authors: Argo
authors: Stephen H
authors: SH
authors: Caldwell
mesh_terms: D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014768:Virginia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D014014:Tissue Adhesives