title: DSM-IV personality disorders in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the cross-national population prevalence or correlates of personality disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV personality disorder clusters in the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) screening questions in 13 countries (n = 21 162) were calibrated to masked IPDE clinical diagnoses. Prevalence and correlates were estimated using multiple imputation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence estimates are 6.1% (s.e. = 0.3) for any personality disorder and 3.6% (s.e. = 0.3), 1.5% (s.e. = 0.1) and 2.7% (s.e. = 0.2) for Clusters A, B and C respectively. Personality disorders are significantly elevated among males, the previously married (Cluster C), unemployed (Cluster C), the young (Clusters A and B) and the poorly educated. Personality disorders are highly comorbid with Axis I disorders. Impairments associated with personality disorders are only partially explained by comorbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personality disorders are relatively common disorders that often co-occur with Axis I disorders and are associated with significant role impairments beyond those due to comorbidity.
authors: Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Yueqin
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Roman
authors: R
authors: Kotov
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: de Girolamo
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Preti
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Angermeyer
authors: Corina
authors: C
authors: Benjet
authors: Koen
authors: K
authors: Demyttenaere
authors: Ron
authors: R
authors: de Graaf
authors: Oye
authors: O
authors: Gureje
authors: Aimée Nasser
authors: AN
authors: Karam
authors: Sing
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: Jean Pierre
authors: JP
authors: Lépine
authors: Herbert
authors: H
authors: Matschinger
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Posada-Villa
authors: Sharain
authors: S
authors: Suliman
authors: Gemma
authors: G
authors: Vilagut
authors: Ronald C
authors: RC
authors: Kessler
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014478:Unemployment; D014944:World Health Organization