Review article: the current and evolving treatment of colonic diverticular disease.
BACKGROUND
Formation of colonic diverticula, via herniation of the colonic wall, is responsible for the development of diverticulosis and consequently diverticular disease. Diverticular disease can be associated with numerous debilitating abdominal and gastrointestinal symptoms (including pain, bloating, nausea, constipation and diarrhoea).


OBJECTIVE
To review the state of treatment for diverticular disease and its complications, and briefly discuss potential future therapies.


METHODS
PubMed and recent conference abstracts were searched for articles describing the treatment of diverticular disease.


RESULTS
Many physicians will recommend alterations to lifestyle and increasing fibre consumption. Empirical antibiotics remain the mainstay of therapy for patients with diverticular disease and rifaximin seems to be the best choice. In severe or relapsing disease, surgical intervention is often the only remaining treatment option. Although novel treatment options are yet to become available, the addition of therapies based on mesalazine (mesalamine) and probiotics may enhance treatment efficacy.


CONCLUSIONS
Data suggest that diverticular disease may share many of the hallmarks of other, better-characterized inflammatory bowel diseases; however, treatment options for patients with diverticular disease are scarce, revolving around antibiotic treatment and surgery. There is a need for a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of diverticular disease to design treatment regimens accordingly.
Tursi
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Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Lorenzo Bonomo Hospital, Andria, Italy. antotursi@tiscali.it
Papagrigoriadis
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D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004239:Diverticulitis, Colonic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012294:Rifamycins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000078262:Rifaximin; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D012294:Rifamycins; D019804:Mesalamine; D000078262:Rifaximin