title: A novel heavy-atom label for side-specific peptide iodination: synthesis, membrane incorporation and X-ray reflectivity.
abstract: Structural parameters, such as conformation, orientation and penetration depth of membrane-bound peptides and proteins that may function as channels, pores or biocatalysts, are of persistent interest and have to be probed in the native fluid state of a membrane. X-ray scattering in combination with heavy-atom labeling is a powerful and highly appropriate method to reveal the position of a certain amino acid residue within a lipid bilayer with respect to the membrane normal axis up to a resolution of several Angstrøm. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new iodine-labeled amino acid building block. This building block is intended for peptide incorporation to provide high intensities for electron density difference analysis of X-ray reflectivity data and improve the labeling potential for the lipid bilayer head-group and water region. The novel building block as well as the commercially available non-iodinated analogue, required for X-ray scattering, was implemented in a transmembrane peptide motif via manual solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) following the fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-strategy. The derived peptides were reconstituted in lipid vesicles as well as in highly aligned multilamellar lipid stacks and investigated via circular dichroism (CD) and X-ray reflectivity. Thereby, it has been revealed that the bulky iodine probe neither causes conformational change of the peptide structure nor lamellar disordering of the membrane complexes.
authors: Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors: Philipp E
authors: PE
authors: Schneggenburger
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Beerlink
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Worbs
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Salditt
authors: Ulf
authors: U
authors: Diederichsen
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D054879:Halogenation; D007455:Iodine / Q000737:chemistry*; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010455:Peptides; D007455:Iodine