title: Dietary fish and meat intake and dementia in Latin America, China, and India: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence of an association between fish and meat consumption and risk of dementia is inconsistent and nonexistent in populations in developing countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to investigate associations between fish and meat consumption with dementia in low- and middle-income countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-phase cross-sectional surveys were conducted in all residents aged > or =65 y in 11 catchment areas in China, India, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Mexico, and Peru. A total of 14,960 residents were assessed by using the 10/66 standardized protocol, which includes face-to-face interviews for dietary habits and a cross-culturally validated dementia diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dietary intakes and the prevalence of dementia varied between sites. We combined site-specific Poisson regression prevalence ratios (PRs) for the association between fish and meat consumption and dementia in 2 fixed-effect model meta-analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics and fish and meat consumption as appropriate. We found a dose-dependent inverse association between fish consumption and dementia (PR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.91) that was consistent across all sites except India and a less-consistent, dose-dependent, direct association between meat consumption and prevalence of dementia (PR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results extend findings on the associations of fish and meat consumption with dementia risk to populations in low- and middle-income countries and are consistent with mechanistic data on the neuroprotective actions of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids commonly found in fish. The inverse association between fish and prevalent dementia is unlikely to result from poorer dietary habits among demented individuals (reverse causality) because meat consumption was higher in those with a diagnosis of dementia.
authors: From King's College London, Section of Epidemiology, Health Services and Population Research Department, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF London, United Kingdom. emiliano.albanese@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors: Emiliano
authors: E
authors: Albanese
authors: Alan D
authors: AD
authors: Dangour
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Uauy
authors: Daisy
authors: D
authors: Acosta
authors: Mariella
authors: M
authors: Guerra
authors: Sara S Gallardo
authors: SS
authors: Guerra
authors: Yueqin
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Jacob
authors: Juan Llibre
authors: JL
authors: de Rodriguez
authors: Lisseth Hernandex
authors: LH
authors: Noriega
authors: Aquiles
authors: A
authors: Salas
authors: Ana Luisa
authors: AL
authors: Sosa
authors: Renata M
authors: RM
authors: Sousa
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Williams
authors: Cleusa P
authors: CP
authors: Ferri
authors: Martin J
authors: MJ
authors: Prince
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D017747:Seafood
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents