title: Development and applications of a broad-coverage, TR-FRET-based kinase binding assay platform.
abstract: The expansion of kinase assay technologies over the past decade has mirrored the growing interest in kinases as drug targets. As a result, there is no shortage of convenient, fluorescence-based methods available to assay targets that span the kinome. The authors recently reported on the development of a non-activity-based assay to characterize kinase inhibitors that depended on displacement of an Alexa Fluor 647 conjugate of staurosporine (a "tracer") from a particular kinase. Kinase inhibitors were characterized by a change in fluorescence lifetime of the tracer when it was bound to a kinase relative to when it was displaced by an inhibitor. Here, the authors report on improvements to this strategy by reconfiguring the assay in a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) format that simplifies instrumentation requirements and allows for the use of a substantially lower concentration of kinase than was required in the fluorescence-lifetime-based format. The authors use this new assay to demonstrate several aspects of the binding assay format that are advantageous relative to traditional activity-based assays. The TR-FRET binding format facilitates the assay of compounds against low-activity kinases, allows for the characterization of type II kinase inhibitors either using nonactivated kinases or by monitoring compound potency over time, and ensures that the signal being detected is specific to the kinase of interest and not a contaminating kinase.
authors: Life Technologies Corporation (formerly Invitrogen Corporation), Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA.
authors: Connie S
authors: CS
authors: Lebakken
authors: Steven M
authors: SM
authors: Riddle
authors: Upinder
authors: U
authors: Singh
authors: W Jack
authors: WJ
authors: Frazee
authors: Hildegard C
authors: HC
authors: Eliason
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Gao
authors: Laurie J
authors: LJ
authors: Reichling
authors: Bryan D
authors: BD
authors: Marks
authors: Kurt W
authors: KW
authors: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; C067297:8-aminohexylamino cAMP; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019311:Staurosporine