title: The hedgehog pathway transcription factor GLI1 promotes malignant behavior of cancer cells by up-regulating osteopontin.
abstract: The role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling as a developmental pathway is well established. Several recent studies have implicated a role for this pathway in multiple cancers. In this study we report that expression of GLI1 and osteopontin (OPN) increase progressively with the progression of melanoma from primary cutaneous cancer to metastatic melanoma in clinically derived specimens. We have further determined that OPN is a direct transcriptional target of GLI1. We have observed that OPN expression is stimulated in the presence of Hh ligands and inhibited in the presence of the Smoothened (SMO) inhibitor, cyclopamine. Transcriptional silencing of GLI1 negatively impacts OPN expression and compromises the ability of cancer cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade in vitro and interferes with their ability to grow as xenografts and spontaneously metastasize in nude mice. These altered attributes could be rescued by re-expressing OPN in the GLI1-silenced cells, suggesting that OPN is a critical downstream effector of active GLI1 signaling. Our observations lead us to conclude that the GLI1-mediated up-regulation of OPN promotes malignant behavior of cancer cells.
authors: Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA.
authors: Shamik
authors: S
authors: Das
authors: Lillianne G
authors: LG
authors: Harris
authors: Brandon J
authors: BJ
authors: Metge
authors: Suhu
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Adam I
authors: AI
authors: Riker
authors: Rajeev S
authors: RS
authors: Samant
authors: Lalita A
authors: LA
authors: Shevde
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
chemical_list: C400551:GLI1 protein, human; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1; D053495:Osteopontin; C000541:cyclopamine