title: Ammonium acetate enhances solvent production by Clostridium acetobutylicum EA 2018 using cassava as a fermentation medium.
abstract: Cassava, due to its high starch content and low cost, is a promising candidate substrate for large-scale fermentation processes aimed at producing the solvents acetone, butanol and ethanol (ABE). However, the solvent yield from the fermentation of cassava reaches only 60% of that achieved by fermenting corn. We have found that the addition of ammonium acetate (CH(3)COONH(4)) to the cassava medium significantly promotes solvent production from cassava fermented by Clostridium acetobutylicum EA 2018, a mutant with a high butanol ratio. When cassava medium was supplemented with 30 mM ammonium acetate, the acetone, butanol and total solvent production reached 5.0, 13.0 and 19.4 g/l, respectively, after 48 h of fermentation. This level of solvent production is comparable to that obtained from corn medium. Both ammonium (NH(4) (+)) and acetate (CH(3)COO(-)) were required for increased solvent synthesis. We also demonstrated substantially increased acetic and butyric acid accumulation during the acidogenesis phase as well as greater acid re-assimilation during the solventogenesis period in ammonium acetate-supplemented cassava medium. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the transcription of several genes encoding enzymes related to acidogenesis and solventogenesis in C. acetobutylicum EA 2018 were enhanced by the addition of ammonium acetate to the cassava medium.
authors: Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Gu
authors: Shiyuan
authors: S
authors: Hu
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Lijun
authors: L
authors: Shao
authors: Huiqi
authors: H
authors: He
authors: Yunliu
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Yang
authors: Weihong
authors: W
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000096:Acetone / Q000378:metabolism; D000440:Butanols / Q000378:metabolism; D046969:Clostridium acetobutylicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D002365:Manihot / Q000378:metabolism*; D012997:Solvents / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000440:Butanols; D003470:Culture Media; D012997:Solvents; D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; C018824:ammonium acetate