title: Assessment of left ventricular relaxation by untwisting rate based on different algorithms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was performed in both animals and human subjects to test whether different approaches to calculate untwisting rate may lead to different results in the assessment of left ventricular (LV) relaxation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In animal experiments, congestive heart failure was successfully induced in 8 adult dogs. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed with simultaneous LV pressure recording at baseline and the stage of heart failure. In the clinical study, 72 patients undergoing right-sided heart catheterization were studied by transthoracic echocardiography. LV twist was calculated as the difference between apical and basal rotations measured using two-dimensional speckle tracking. Untwisting rate was calculated using 3 different algorithms as the peak negative time derivative of twist (UR(max)) during early diastole, the slope of the linear regression of untwisting over time (UR(slope)), or the average untwisting over the isovolumic relaxation period (UR(mean)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  UR(max) significantly correlated with tau and -dP/dt in dogs (r=-0.81 and 0.77, respectively, both P < .001) and was reduced at the stage of heart failure (P < .01). In 55 patients (76%) with adequate image quality, only UR(max) among untwisting rates calculated by 3 different algorithms was significantly related to tau (r=-0.51, P < .001). UR(max) was significantly lower in patients with tau>/=48 ms than in patients with tau<48 ms (P=.004), most of whom had a depressed LV ejection fraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UR(max) best reflects LV relaxation in comparison with the 2 other algorithms.
authors: Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, and the Department of Cardiology at The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA. jxwang@tmhs.org
authors: Jianwen
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Dirar S
authors: DS
authors: Khoury
authors: Karla
authors: K
authors: Kurrelmeyer
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: Torre-Amione
authors: Sherif F
authors: SF
authors: Nagueh
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*