Magnetic resonance imaging compatibility of endoclips.
BACKGROUND
Endoscopic clipping devices are now available for treatment of GI hemorrhage and microperforations. All commercially available endoclips are labeled as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) incompatible. No data are available about the actual magnetic field strength at which endoclips are first deflected nor the clinical relevance of the magnetic fields on endoclips used in GI endoscopy.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the compatibility of different endoclips with MRI.


METHODS
Prospective observational study.


METHODS
Experiment on excised pig tissue in an MRI scanner.


METHODS
The physical deflection and strength of attraction of endoclips: Resolution Clip, TriClip, QuickClip, and Ethicon Endo-surgery Clip were measured in different positions by using an MRI scanner at a field strength of 1.5 Tesla. Endoclips that demonstrated deflection were attached to a pig stomach and tested for detachment at a 1.5-Tesla MRI field strength.


METHODS
Physical deflection and detachment from pig stomach mucosa in an MRI scanner.


RESULTS
All endoclips except the one made by Ethicon Endo-surgery demonstrated physical deflection under the tested conditions. The magnetic attraction was strongest for the Resolution Clip (0.7 gauss) compared with the TriClip (1.2 gauss) and the QuickClip (26.8 gauss). Only the Triclip demonstrated detachment from the pig gastric tissue under testing conditions.


CONCLUSIONS
A pig model and a small number of clips.


CONCLUSIONS
The Ethicon Endo-surgery clip is compatible with MRI. All other clips showed deflection in a magnetic field, but only the TriClip demonstrated detachment from gastric tissue, and hence should be considered MRI incompatible.
Gill
Kanwar Rupinder S
KR
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.
Pooley
Robert A
RA
Wallace
Michael B
MB
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013552:Swine