title: Binding site distribution of nuclear transport receptors and transport complexes in single nuclear pore complexes.
abstract: Transport through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) involves a large channel and an abundance of binding sites for nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). However, the mechanistically important distribution of NTR-binding sites along the channel is vividly debated. In this study, we visualized binding site distributions directly by two complementary optical super-resolution methods, single-molecule microscopy and 4Pi microscopy. First, we analyzed the distribution of RanGDP because this important nuclear transport substrate has two types of binding sites at the NPC, direct and indirect, NTR-mediated sites. We found that the direct binding sites had a maximum at approximately -30 nm with regard to the NPC center, whereas the indirect transport-relevant binding sites peaked at approximately -10 nm. The 20 nm-shift could be only resolved by 4Pi microscopy because of a two to threefold improved localization precision as compared with single-molecule microscopy. Then we analyzed the distribution of the NTR Kapbeta1 and a Kapbeta1-based transport complex and found them to have also binding maxima at approximately -10 nm. These observations support transport models in which NTR binding sites are distributed all along the transport channel and argue against models in which the cytoplasmic entrance of the channel is surrounded by a large cloud of binding sites.
authors: Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Kahms
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Lehrich
authors: Jana
authors: J
authors: Hüve
authors: Nils
authors: N
authors: Sanetra
authors: Reiner
authors: R
authors: Peters
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D022022:Nuclear Pore / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D028961:beta Karyopherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; C094157:POM121 protein, human; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D028961:beta Karyopherins; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins