title: Maxillary molars with morphologic variations of the palatal root canals: a report of four cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this article was to show the importance of the knowledge of the anatomy of root canals. Unusual root and root canal morphologies associated with both buccal roots of upper molars have been recorded in several studies in the literature. However, scientific information focusing on variations of the palatal root is rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this report, four cases are presented involving the root canal treatment of maxillary first and second molars with unusual morphologic configurations of the palatal root canals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During root canal treatment, type IV and V configurations as defined by Vertucci of the palatal canals of two first and two second maxillary molars were identified. After mechanical instrumentation, the canals were obturated. Radiologic and clinical re-evaluation showed no signs of inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report describes and discusses the possibility of different root and canal variations of the maxillary molars from a clinical point of view. Anatomic variations can occur in any tooth, and palatal roots of maxillary first and second molars are no exception. Therefore, careful examination of radiographs and internal anatomy of teeth is essential.
authors: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
authors: Silke
authors: S
authors: Holderrieth
authors: Christian Ralf
authors: CR
authors: Gernhardt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002965:Classification; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000628:therapy; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000628:therapy; D019233:Retreatment; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D055815:Young Adult