title: Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): methods and sample characteristics.
abstract: This paper describes the methods and sample characteristics of a series of Spanish normative studies (The NEURONORMA project). The primary objective of our research was to collect normative and psychometric information on a sample of people aged over 49 years. The normative information was based on a series of selected, but commonly used, neuropsychological tests covering attention, language, visuo-perceptual abilities, constructional tasks, memory, and executive functions. A sample of 356 community dwelling individuals was studied. Demographics, socio-cultural, and medical data were collected. Cognitive normality was validated via informants and a cognitive screening test. Norms were calculated for midpoint age groups. Effects of age, education, and sex were determined. The use of these norms should improve neuropsychological diagnostic accuracy in older Spanish subjects. These data may also be of considerable use for comparisons with other normative studies. Limitations of these normative data are also commented on.
authors: Section of Behavioral Neurology and Dementias, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. jpcasanova@imas.imim.es
authors: Jordi
authors: J
authors: Peña-Casanova
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Blesa
authors: Miquel
authors: M
authors: Aguilar
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Gramunt-Fombuena
authors: Beatriz
authors: B
authors: Gómez-Ansón
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Oliva
authors: José Luis
authors: JL
authors: Molinuevo
authors: Alfredo
authors: A
authors: Robles
authors: María Sagrario
authors: MS
authors: Barquero
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Antúnez
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Martínez-Parra
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Frank-García
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Fernández
authors: Verónica
authors: V
authors: Alfonso
authors: Josep M
authors: JM
authors: Sol
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain