title: Chronic kidney disease has a more powerful impact on peripheral arterial disease than metabolic syndrome in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic syndrome have been recognized as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, there is no information comparing their impact on macroangiopathy in diabetic patients. Thus, we studied the prevalence of CKD and metabolic syndrome in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients and then compared their impact on peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study focused on Japanese type 2 diabetic patients without hemodialysis (n = 1014). Patients with albuminuria, including microalbuminuria and/or an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73(2), were diagnosed as having CKD. PAD was defined as ankle-brachial blood pressure index less than 0.9.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of CKD and metabolic syndrome was 47.1% and 39.6%, respectively. In four age- and duration-matched groups classified by the presence or absence of CKD and metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of PAD was significantly higher in groups with CKD alone than those with metabolic syndrome alone, and the high prevalence in the groups with CKD was not influenced by the coexistence with metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that CKD has more powerful impact on PAD than metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Tsunoda
authors: Yoshinori
authors: Y
authors: Shimajiri
authors: Shuhei
authors: S
authors: Morita
authors: Machi
authors: M
authors: Furuta
authors: Yoshiki
authors: Y
authors: Kadoya
authors: Shoichi
authors: S
authors: Yamada
authors: Kishio
authors: K
authors: Nanjo
authors: Tokio
authors: T
authors: Sanke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors