title: Increased right amygdala volume in lithium-treated patients with bipolar I disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The amygdala plays a major role in processing emotional stimuli. Fourteen studies using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have examined the amygdala volume in paediatric and adult patients with bipolar disorder (BD) compared with healthy controls (HC) and reported inconsistent findings. Lithium has been found to increase grey matter volume, and first evidence points towards an effect on regional brain volume such as the amygdala.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the amygdala volume of euthymic patients with BD treated with lithium (n = 15), without lithium (n = 24) and HC (n = 41) using structural MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients treated with lithium exhibited in comparison to HC a larger right absolute (+17.9%, P = 0.015) and relative (+18%, P = 0.017) amygdala volume. There was no significant difference in amygdala volume between patients without lithium treatment and HC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lithium appears to have a sustained effect on a central core region of emotional processing and should therefore be considered in studies examining BD.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Usher
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Menzel
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Schneider-Axmann
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Kemmer
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Reith
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Falkai
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Gruber
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Scherk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016651:Lithium Carbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D016651:Lithium Carbonate