title: Elevated basal cortisol level predicts lower hippocampal volume and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Elevated glucocorticoid concentrations, decreased hippocampal volume and frontal atrophy with poor cognitive function have been reported in the elderly but not extensively in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We enrolled 172 patients with AD over a 2-year follow-up period. Basal cortisol levels, biochemistry tests and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were obtained and hippocampal and frontal atrophy were measured by CT scan for correlation. Basal plasma cortisol levels increased with age. Further, basal plasma cortisol levels were correlated with the radial width of the temporal horn, and elevated levels of plasma cortisol predicted a worse general cognitive performance. Higher plasma cortisol levels also correlated with rapid declines in MMSE scores after 2 years. Bilateral frontal atrophy showed no correlation with the above parameters. The relationship between high cortisol levels and hippocampal atrophy might adversely affect AD patients disproportionately, either in anatomical or cognitive function.
authors: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Chi-Wei
authors: CW
authors: Huang
authors: Chun-Chung
authors: CC
authors: Lui
authors: Weng-Neng
authors: WN
authors: Chang
authors: Cheng-Hsien
authors: CH
authors: Lu
authors: Ya-Ling
authors: YL
authors: Wang
authors: Chiung-Chih
authors: CC
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D001284:Atrophy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011859:Radiography; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone