title: Food derived carbonyl compounds affect basal and stimulated secretion of interleukin-6 and -8 in Caco-2 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The carbonyl compounds methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (G) are reactive intermediates generated in a variety of foods and beverages during processing and prolonged storage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated direct effects of these compounds on intestinal cells determining the basal and stimulated secretion of IL-8 and IL-6 in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MG or G induced a concentration dependent enhancement of IL-8 and IL-6 secretion compared to baseline levels. A co-incubation with pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and increasing MG concentrations further enhanced IL-8 and IL-6 secretion. For G, however, this additive effect was only observed in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta treated cells, but not after co-incubation with LPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a pro-inflammatory effect of G and MG at high concentrations in human intestinal cells by stimulating IL-8 and IL-6 cytokine levels. Effects of G and MG in combination with other cytokines may negatively affect inflammatory processes.
authors: Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392, Giessen, Germany. Sabine.Kuntz@ernaehrung.uni-giessen.de
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Kuntz
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Rudloff
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Ehl
authors: Reinhard G
authors: RG
authors: Bretzel
authors: Clemens
authors: C
authors: Kunz
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D006037:Glyoxal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006037:Glyoxal; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde