title: Sonographic imaging of the puborectalis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to compare the appearance of the normal male puborectalis using transrectal ultrasound with anatomy examinations to enhance the understanding of the relationship of the prostate to the adjacent pelvic floor. This information may help prevent damage to the puborectalis during transperineal ultrasound-guided biopsies and interventional therapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten formalin-fixed cadavers were dissected to examine the appearance and structure of the puborectalis and its relationship with the peripheral organs. The puborectalis was also observed in a fresh male cadaver using transrectal ultrasound. In the fresh male cadaver, the puborectalis was located using transrectal sonography, the muscle was confirmed by anatomy, and the thickness was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ultrasonographic observations of the location of the puborectalis were confirmed by anatomy for the fresh cadaver. Bilateral, symmetrical, hypoechoic strips were observed beside the prostate in cross-section, and strip fibers were observed in the longitudinal section. The right and left puborectalis thickness measurements were 6.1 and 6.2 mm, respectively, in the sonographic image, and the measurements were 5.85 and 5.89 mm, respectively, in the formalin-fixed fresh cadaver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transrectal ultrasound provides a new imaging method to observe the male puborectalis, establishing a foundation for recognizing pelvic floor abnormalities with ultrasonography in the future.
authors: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tong Ji University affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Wu
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Hu
authors: Sheng-Li
authors: SL
authors: Kuang
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Bu-Lin
authors: BL
authors: Zhang
authors: Qin
authors: Q
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011467:Prostate / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography