title: Enhancement of Candida albicans virulence after exposition to cigarette mainstream smoke.
abstract: The habit of cigarette smoking is associated with higher oral candidal carriage and possible predisposition to oral candidosis. The effects of exposure to smoke on the virulence properties of oral yeasts remain obscure. Hence, we showed in vitro the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on ten clinical isolates of Candida albicans obtained from nonsmoking volunteers, as well the type-strain CBS562. CSC was generated by complete burn of five commercial cigarettes in an in-house smoking machine and used to prepare the culture broth in which the strains were grown. In 24-h intervals (T(24), T(48), and T(72)), the cells were harvested, washed, subcultured, and the resultant growth were evaluated for possible variations for secreted aspartyl protease, phospholipase, chondroitinase, and hemolysins, adhesion to acrylic and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH). The results indicated a temporal increase in the secretion rates of enzymes, particularly when yeast cells were exposed to CSC for 48-72 h (P < 0.05). Similarly, adhesion to acrylic and CSH increased with exposure period (P < 0.05). Based on foregoing, we concluded that CSC may promote significant enhance in the secretion of candidal histolytic enzymes and adherence to denture surfaces, thereby promoting oral yeast carriage and possible infection.
authors: Laboratory of Stomatology, CCBS, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, 80215-901, Brazil.
authors: Fernanda Brasil
authors: FB
authors: Baboni
authors: Dayton
authors: D
authors: Barp
authors: Ana Claudia Santos de Azevedo
authors: AC
authors: Izidoro
authors: Lakshman Perera
authors: LP
authors: Samaranayake
authors: Edvaldo Antonio Ribeiro
authors: EA
authors: Rosa
mesh_terms: D057055:Aspartic Acid Proteases / Q000378:metabolism; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000382:microbiology*; D002810:Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke; D012907:Smoking; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D012906:Smoke; D010740:Phospholipases; D057055:Aspartic Acid Proteases; D002810:Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases