title: Sexually dimorphic gray matter volume reduction in patients with panic disorder.
abstract: While clinical features of panic disorder show significant sexual dimorphism, previous structural MRI studies have not sufficiently controlled for sex when looking at regional brain abnormalities in panic disorder. Using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM), regional gray matter volume was compared between 24 patients (male/female: 9/15) with panic disorder and 24 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. Significant gray matter volume reductions were found in the bilateral dorsomedial and right ventromedial prefrontal cortices, right amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral insular cortex, occipitotemporal gyrus and left cerebellar vermis in the patients compared with the controls. Among these regions, the VBM revealed significant sexual dimorphism: volume reduction in the right amygdala and the bilateral insular cortex was significantly greater in the males, while reduction in the right superior temporal gyrus was greater in females. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices, thalamus, and parietal cortex was specific to the female patients. The present study demonstrated the morphological changes in extensive brain regions of patients with panic disorder compared with the sex-matched controls. The current results further suggested that the sexually dimorphic clinical phenotypes of panic disorder might have a neurobiological background even at the structural level of the brain.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Asami
authors: Hidenori
authors: H
authors: Yamasue
authors: Fumi
authors: F
authors: Hayano
authors: Motoaki
authors: M
authors: Nakamura
authors: Kumi
authors: K
authors: Uehara
authors: Tatsui
authors: T
authors: Otsuka
authors: Tomohide
authors: T
authors: Roppongi
authors: Namiko
authors: N
authors: Nihashi
authors: Tomio
authors: T
authors: Inoue
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Hirayasu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008032:Limbic System / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology