title: Cytological features of melanoma in exfoliative fluid specimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the cytological appearances of melanoma in fluid specimens and potential diagnostic pitfalls in interpreting such specimens, which have been infrequently reported in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases of melanoma diagnosed at a single institution between 1993 and 2008 in cytology specimens of fluids (pleural, ascitic, cerebrospinal and other fluids), but excluding fine needle biopsy specimens, were identified and reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  32 fluid specimens containing metastatic melanoma (from 26 patients) were identified. Most of the specimens were moderately cellular and showed moderate to marked nuclear pleomorphism. Mitotic figures and intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations were identified in 11 (34.4%) and seven (21.9%) cases, respectively. Melanin pigment was seen in eight (25.0%) cases. Variable numbers of histiocytes were present, and mesothelial cells were present in body cavity fluid specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In fluid specimens, reactive mesothelial cells and histiocytes may mimic epithelioid melanoma cells. Awareness of the morphological features and diagnostic pitfalls of melanoma in fluids is necessary to avoid the potentially serious consequences of misdiagnosis.
authors: Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Australia. rajmohan.murali@email.cs.nsw.gov.au
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Murali
authors: N T
authors: NT
authors: Loughman
authors: P R
authors: PR
authors: McKenzie
authors: G F
authors: GF
authors: Watson
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Thompson
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Scolyer
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000166:cytology*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006644:Histiocytes / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*