title: Linking the diffusion of water in compacted clays at two different time scales: tracer through-diffusion and quasielastic neutron scattering.
abstract: Diffusion of water and solutes through compacted clays or claystones is important when assessing the barrier function of engineered or geological barriers in waste disposal. The shape and the connectivity of the pore network as well as electrostatic interactions between the diffusant and the charged clay surfaces or cations compensating negative surface charges affect the resistance of the porous medium to diffusion. Comparing diffusion measurements performed at different spatial or time scales allows identification and extraction of the different factors. We quantified the electrostatic constraint q for five different highly compacted clays (rhob = 1.85 +/- 0.05 g/cm3) using quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) data. We then compared the QENS data with macroscopic diffusion data for the same clays and could derive the true geometric tortuosities G of the samples. Knowing the geometric and electrostatic factors for the different clays is essential when trying to predict diffusion coefficients for other conditions. We furthermore compared the activation energies Ea for diffusion at the two measurement scales. Because Ea is mostly influenced by the local, pore scale surroundings of the water, we expected the results to be similar at both scales. This was indeed the case for the nonswelling clays kaolinite and illite, which had Ea values lower than that of bulk water, but not for montmorillonite, which had values lower than that in bulk water at the microscopic scale, but larger at the macroscopic scale. The differences could be connected to the strongly temperature dependent mobility of the cations in the clays, which may act as local barriers in the narrow pores at low temperatures.
authors: Laboratory for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. fatima_oti@yahoo.com
authors: Fátima
authors: F
authors: González Sánchez
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Gimmi
authors: Fanni
authors: F
authors: Jurányi
authors: Luc
authors: L
authors: Van Loon
authors: Larryn W
authors: LW
authors: Diamond
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077215:Clay; D004058:Diffusion; D004548:Elasticity; D009502:Neutrons; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D055672:Static Electricity; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D014867:Water; D000077215:Clay