title: Comparative outcome analysis of ABO-incompatible and positive crossmatch renal transplantation: a single-center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ABO-incompatible (ABOi) and positive crossmatch (XM) renal transplants pose special immunologic challenges. It is important to compare outcomes, study resource utilization, and attempt to risk stratify patients in these higher risk transplant settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared apheresis utilization and transplant outcomes in ABOi, XM, and combined ABOi-XM renal transplants. We also analyzed multiple parameters, including patient and laboratory variables, to identify predictors of transplant outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidences of early (< or =30 days posttransplant) antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and acute cellular rejection (ACR) were similar among the three incompatible groups whereas they differed in allograft rejection for late (>30 days posttransplant) AMR and ACR. Notably, there were no episodes of late AMR among ABOi patients. Patients treated with more than four pretransplant plasmapheresis/intravenous immunoglobulin (PP/IVIg) had a greater likelihood of experiencing early AMR. The median number of posttransplant PP/IVIg treatments was greater than twofold higher in ABOi-XM and XM patients compared to ABOi patients. Patients who required more than five posttransplant PP/IVIg procedures and those with one or more prior renal transplants had higher incidences of late ACR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis aids in defining apheresis resource utilization and helps in risk stratification of incompatible renal transplantation. It also aids in predicting allograft rejection and provides an opportunity for preemptive monitoring and treatment.
authors: Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors: Anand
authors: A
authors: Padmanabhan
authors: Lloyd E
authors: LE
authors: Ratner
authors: Jeffrey S
authors: JS
authors: Jhang
authors: Jimmy K
authors: JK
authors: Duong
authors: Glen S
authors: GS
authors: Markowitz
authors: Elena R
authors: ER
authors: Vasilescu
authors: Russell J
authors: RJ
authors: Crew
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D001323:Autoantibodies; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003404:Creatinine