title: Differential item functioning of the Boston Naming Test in cognitively normal African American and Caucasian older adults.
abstract: Scores on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) are frequently lower for African American when compared with Caucasian adults. Although demographically based norms can mitigate the impact of this discrepancy on the likelihood of erroneous diagnostic impressions, a growing consensus suggests that group norms do not sufficiently address or advance our understanding of the underlying psychometric and sociocultural factors that lead to between-group score discrepancies. Using item response theory and methods to detect differential item functioning (DIF), the current investigation moves beyond comparisons of the summed total score to examine whether the conditional probability of responding correctly to individual BNT items differs between African American and Caucasian adults. Participants included 670 adults age 52 and older who took part in Mayo's Older Americans and Older African Americans Normative Studies. Under a two-parameter logistic item response theory framework and after correction for the false discovery rate, 12 items where shown to demonstrate DIF. Of these 12 items, 6 ("dominoes," "escalator," "muzzle," "latch," "tripod," and "palette") were also identified in additional analyses using hierarchical logistic regression models and represent the strongest evidence for race/ethnicity-based DIF. These findings afford a finer characterization of the psychometric properties of the BNT and expand our understanding of between-group performance.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA. otto.pedraza@mayo.edu
authors: Otto
authors: O
authors: Pedraza
authors: Neill R
authors: NR
authors: Graff-Radford
authors: Glenn E
authors: GE
authors: Smith
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Ivnik
authors: Floyd B
authors: FB
authors: Willis
authors: Ronald C
authors: RC
authors: Petersen
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Lucas
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*