title: Activity of amikacin, ertapenem, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin alone and in combination against resistant nosocomial pathogens by time-kill.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the synergistic activity of amikacin/ertapenem, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin)/ertapenem and amikacin/fluoroquinolones combinations against resistant nosocomial pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time-kill studies were performed over 24 hours using an inoculum of 5 x 10(6) - 1 x 10(7) cfu/mL. Antibiotics were tested at the 1 x MIC and 4 x MIC concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At MIC and/or 4 x MIC concentrations, the antibiotic combinations showed additive or synergistic activity against Acinetobacter strains and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. In Escherichia coli strains, synergy was seen when amikacin was combined with ertapenem, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin; ertapenem in combination with fluoroquinolones demonstrated antagonism. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, synergistic effect was exhibited by ertapenem plus amikacin and ertapenem plus fluoroquinolones. The antibiotic combinations showed antagonistic interaction in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antibiotic combinations showed additive or synergistic activity against many gram-negative pathogens.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey. minehosgorlimoncu@yahoo.com.tr
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hosgor-Limoncu
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ermertcan
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Tasli
authors: A N
authors: AN
authors: Yurtman
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000077727:Ertapenem; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D047090:beta-Lactams; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D000583:Amikacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D000077727:Ertapenem