Surface roughness and gloss of indirect composites etched with acidulated phosphate fluoride solution.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the surface characteristics of indirect composites etched with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) solution. MATERIAL AND METHODS. APF solution was applied to specimens of six composite materials. The surface morphological change was measured with a confocal laser scanning microscope. Gloss measurement and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation were also performed.


RESULTS
The APF-treated surface showed various patterns due to the difference in the filler incorporated in each composite. The surface properties could be evaluated precisely from the surface roughness parameters. The arithmetical mean deviation of roughness profile (Ra) parameter of the specimens treated with APF solution was higher than those of the specimens untreated with APF, except New Meta Color Infis (IF). The difference in etching influence of each composite material was shown conclusively in the maximum height of the profile (Rz) parameter. Gradia (GR) and Gradia Forte (GF) were etched three times more deeply than that of IF categorized microfilled composite. The mean width of the profile element (RSm) decreased significantly after APF treatment, except in IF. Gloss was reduced apparently in all materials, indicating that gloss reduction was sensitive to slight surface changes.


CONCLUSIONS
Specific filler particles of prosthodontic composite materials were etched by APF application. The surface roughness parameters, such as Rz and RSm, properly described various surface topographic features. Gloss was strongly correlated to surface roughness, as defined by these parameters, and especially to the initial change of surface roughness.
Ohara
Naoko
N
Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan. oohara@dent.nihon-u.ac.jp
Koizumi
Hiroyasu
H
Matsumoto
Yoshifumi
Y
Nakayama
Daisuke
D
Ogino
Tomohisa
T
Matsumura
Hideo
H
D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D058105:Polymerization; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C470230:Gradia; D008689:Methacrylates; D011140:Polyurethanes; C454801:ProCAD Ceramic; C091839:urethanetrimethacrylate; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C083618:new metacolor; C009495:titanium dioxide; D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide