title: Heart rate characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcome in very low birth weight infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sepsis in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants has been associated with an increased risk of adverse developmental outcome. We have identified abnormal heart rate characteristics (HRCs) that are predictive of impending sepsis, and we have developed a summary measure of an infant's abnormal HRCs during the neonatal hospitalization that we refer to as the cumulative HRC score (cHRC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we tested the hypothesis that increasing cHRC is associated with an increasing risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in VLBW infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on 65 VLBW infants whose HRCs were monitored while in the neonatal intensive care unit and who were examined at 12 to 18 months adjusted age. Using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II, we identified delays in early cognitive function (i.e., Mental Developmental Index <70) and psychomotor development (i.e., Psychomotor Developmental Index <70). Cerebral palsy (CP) was diagnosed using a standard neurological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing cHRC score was associated with an increased risk of CP (odds ratio per 1 standard deviation increase in cHRC: 2.6, 95% confidence limits: 1.42, 5.1) and delayed early cognitive development [odds ratio: 2.3 (1.3; 4.3)]. These associations remain statistically significant when adjusted for major cranial ultrasound abnormality. There was an association of increasing cHRC and delayed psychomotor development, which did not reach statistical significance [odds ratio: 1.7 (1.0, 3.0)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among VLBW infants, the cumulative frequency of abnormal HRCs, which can be assessed non-invasively in the neonatal intensive care unit, is associated with an increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, NC 27157, USA.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Addison
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Griffin
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Moorman
authors: D E
authors: DE
authors: Lake
authors: T M
authors: TM
authors: O'Shea
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000175:diagnosis; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004453:Echoencephalography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted