Influence of prematurity and growth restriction on the adipokine profile, IGF1, and ghrelin levels in cord blood: relationship with glucose metabolism.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the influence of gestational age and fetal growth restriction on the cord blood adipokine profile, IGF1, and ghrelin levels, and their relationship with glucose metabolism.


METHODS
One hundred and ninety newborns (99 preterm and 91 full term) were studied and, according to their anthropometry at birth, classified as small (SGA) or adequate for gestational age (AGA).


METHODS
Venous cord blood serum levels of IGF1, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), adiponectin, resistin, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), tumoral necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6), total ghrelin, and acylated ghrelin were determined and compared between preterm and full-term, as well as between SGA and AGA, newborns. Correlations with newborn weight, gestational age, and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index, as an index of insulin resistance, were determined.


RESULTS
Preterm newborns had higher HOMA, sOB-R, resistin, and IL-6 and lower IGF1, IGFBP-3, leptin, and adiponectin levels than full-term newborns. SGA had lower IGF1, IGFBP-3, leptin, IL-6, and adiponectin and higher sOB-R and total ghrelin than AGA newborns. Adiponectin and HOMA showed independent positive and negative correlations with gestational age respectively, but not with neonatal weight. Birth weight was correlated positively with IGF1 and leptin levels and negatively with total ghrelin ones.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the lack of proper acquisition of adipose tissue by the fetus either due to prematurity or to fetal growth restriction is associated with changes in the cord blood adipokine profile that may contribute to the impairment of glucose metabolism.
Martos-Moreno
Gabriel A
GA
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009 Madrid, Spain.
Barrios
Vicente
V
Sáenz de Pipaón
Miguel
M
Pozo
Jesús
J
Dorronsoro
Izaskun
I
Martínez-Biarge
Miriam
M
Quero
José
J
Argente
Jesús
J
D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000097:blood*; D012737:Sex Factors
D054392:Adipokines; D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I