title: Perceptions of the effectiveness of ethical guidelines: an international study of physicians.
abstract: The intent of ethics is to establish a set of standards that will provide a framework to modify, regulate, and possibly enhance moral behaviour. Eleven focus groups were conducted with physicians from six culturally distinct countries to explore their perception of formalized, written ethical guidelines (i.e., codes of ethics, credos, value and mission statements) that attempt to direct their ethical practice. Six themes emerged from the data: lack of awareness, no impact, marginal impact, other codes or value statements supersede, personal codes or values dictate, and ethical guidelines are useful. Overall, codes were valued only when they were congruent with existing personal morality. The findings suggest the need to re-evaluate the purpose, content, and delivery of codes for them to improve their function in promoting ethical conduct.
authors: Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada. David.Malloy@uregina.ca
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Malloy
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Sevigny
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hadjistavropoulos
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Jeyaraj
authors: E Fahey
authors: EF
authors: McCarthy
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Murakami
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Paholpak
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Lee
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001364:Awareness; D032781:Codes of Ethics; D003142:Communication; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D010686:Philosophy, Medical; D010820:Physicians / Q000941:ethics* / Q000523:psychology*; D012067:Religion