Palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H activation/C-C cross-coupling reactions: versatility and practicality.
In the past decade, palladium-catalyzed C-H activation/C-C bond-forming reactions have emerged as promising new catalytic transformations; however, development in this field is still at an early stage compared to the state of the art in cross-coupling reactions using aryl and alkyl halides. This Review begins with a brief introduction of four extensively investigated modes of catalysis for forming C-C bonds from C-H bonds: Pd(II)/Pd(0), Pd(II)/Pd(IV), Pd(0)/Pd(II)/Pd(IV), and Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalysis. A more detailed discussion is then directed towards the recent development of palladium(II)-catalyzed coupling of C-H bonds with organometallic reagents through a Pd(II)/Pd(0) catalytic cycle. Despite the progress made to date, improving the versatility and practicality of this new reaction remains a tremendous challenge.
Chen
Xiao
X
Chemical Development Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 21 Corporate Circle, Albany, NY 12203, USA.
Engle
Keary M
KM
Wang
Dong-Hui
DH
Yu
Jin-Quan
JQ
D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
D000475:Alkenes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010165:Palladium