Gemcitabine-based chemogene therapy for pancreatic cancer using Ad-dCK::UMK GDEPT and TS/RR siRNA strategies.
Gemcitabine is a first-line agent for advanced pancreatic cancer therapy. However, its efficacy is often limited by its poor intracellular metabolism and chemoresistance. To exert its antitumor activity, gemcitabine requires to be converted to its active triphosphate form. Thus, our aim was to improve gemcitabine activation using gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy based on gemcitabine association with the deoxycytidine kinase::uridine monophosphate kinase fusion gene (dCK::UMK) and small interference RNA directed against ribonucleotide reductase (RRM2) and thymidylate synthase (TS). In vitro, cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-3,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and [(3)H]thymidine assays. Apoptosis-related gene expression and activity were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and ELISA. For in vivo studies, the treatment efficacy was evaluated on subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic tumor models. Our data indicated that cell exposure to gemcitabine induced a down-regulation of dCK expression and up-regulation of TS and RR expression in Panc1-resistant cells when compared with BxPc3- and HA-hpc2-sensitive cells. The combination of TS/RRM2 small interference RNA with Ad-dCK::UMK induced a 40-fold decrease of gemcitabine IC(50) in Panc1 cells. This strong sensitization was associated to apoptosis induction with a remarkable increase in TRAIL expression and a diminution of gemcitabine-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activity. In vivo, the gemcitabine-based tritherapy strongly reduced tumor volumes and significantly prolonged mice survival. Moreover, we observed an obvious increase of apoptosis and decrease of cell proliferation in tumors receiving the tritherapy regimens. Together, these findings suggest that simultaneous TS/RRM2-gene silencing and dCK::UMK gene overexpression markedly improved gemcitabine's therapeutic activity. Clearly, this combined strategy warrants further investigation.
Réjiba
Soukaina
S
Digestive Cancer Research Institute, Tumor Biology & Gene Therapy Department, IRCAD - INSERM Unit 701, Strasbourg, France. srejiba@yahoo.fr
Bigand
Christelle
C
Parmentier
Céline
C
Hajri
Amor
A
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003842:Deoxycytidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009703:Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012262:Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase / Q000235:genetics; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000093542:Gemcitabine
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D011355:Prodrugs; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D003841:Deoxycytidine; C093713:ribonucleotide reductase M2; D012262:Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; D003842:Deoxycytidine Kinase; C023276:uridine monophosphate kinase; D009703:Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase; D000093542:Gemcitabine