title: Non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene MYH9 associations in African Americans with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated ESRD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although MYH9 is strongly associated with biopsy-proven idiopathic and HIV-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and clinically diagnosed 'hypertension-associated' end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in African Americans, its role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-associated ESRD is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess whether MYH9 was associated with T2DM-ESRD, 751 African Americans with T2DM-ESRD, 227 with T2DM lacking nephropathy and 925 non-diabetic non-nephropathy controls were genotyped for 14 MYH9 SNPs. Association analyses used SNPGWA and Dandelion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing T2DM-ESRD cases with non-diabetic controls, single SNP associations were detected with 8 of 14 SNPs, gender- and admixture-adjusted P-values 0.047-0.005 [recessive model, odds ratio (OR) range 1.30-1.55]. The previously associated MYH9 E1 and L1 haplotypes were associated with T2DM-ESRD (E1: OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.56, P = 0.021 recessive and L1: OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.09-1.87, P = 0.009 dominant). Contrasting the 751 T2DM-ESRD cases with 227 T2DM non-nephropathy controls revealed that E1 haplotype SNPs rs4821480, rs2032487 and rs4821481 were associated with kidney failure (OR 1.38-1.40 recessive, all P < 0.048). Among E1 and L1 risk homozygotes, respectively, mean (SD) diabetes duration prior to renal replacement therapy was 16.6 (9.7) and 16.4 (10.0) years, and 65% had diabetic retinopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic dissection of T2DM-associated ESRD reveals that MYH9 underlies a portion of this clinically diagnosed disorder in African Americans. It is likely that a subset of African Americans with T2DM and coincident nephropathy have primary MYH9-related kidney disease (e.g. FSGS or global glomerulosclerosis), although renal biopsy studies need to be performed.
authors: 1Internal Medicine/Nephrology, 2Biochemistry, 3Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. bfreedma@wfubmc.edu
authors: Barry I
authors: BI
authors: Freedman
authors: Pamela J
authors: PJ
authors: Hicks
authors: Meredith A
authors: MA
authors: Bostrom
authors: Mary E
authors: ME
authors: Comeau
authors: Jasmin
authors: J
authors: Divers
authors: Anthony J
authors: AJ
authors: Bleyer
authors: Jeffrey B
authors: JB
authors: Kopp
authors: Cheryl A
authors: CA
authors: Winkler
authors: George W
authors: GW
authors: Nelson
authors: Carl D
authors: CD
authors: Langefeld
authors: Donald W
authors: DW
authors: Bowden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: C103814:MYH9 protein, human; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains