title: A better understanding of urogenital tuberculosis pathophysiology based on radiological findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the radiological findings of urogenital tuberculosis (UGT) in patients at different disease stages, for a better understanding of its pathophysiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the radiological exams of 20 men (median age 41 years; range: 28-65) with urogenital tuberculosis diagnosis. The patients were classified in the following groups: (1) bilateral renal tuberculosis with predominantly parenchymatous involvement; (2) unilateral renal tuberculosis; (3) unilateral renal tuberculosis with bladder tuberculosis and (4) bilateral renal tuberculosis with bladder tuberculosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One AIDS patient had multiple bilateral renal tuberculosis abscesses (group 1). Six patients had unilateral renal tuberculosis with hydronephrosis due to stenosis and thickening of the collecting system, without involvement of the bladder or contralateral kidney (group 2). Six patients had bladder tuberculosis with diffuse thickening of the bladder wall, with one very low or no function kidney while the other kidney was normal (group 3). Seven patients had bladder tuberculosis associated to a very low or no function kidney with the other kidney with high-grade vesicoureteral reflux-associated ureterohydronephrosis (group 4). In two patients, sequential exams showed evolution of tuberculosis from a unilateral renal and ureteral lesion to contracted bladder and dilatation of the contralateral kidney secondary to high-grade reflux.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UGT may have variable radiological presentations. However, in two of our cases we have seen that tuberculosis involvement of the urinary tract may be sequential. Further evidences are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
authors: Department of Morphology and Division of Urology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. andreavaresef@gmail.com
authors: Andre A
authors: AA
authors: Figueiredo
authors: Antônio M
authors: AM
authors: Lucon
authors: André N
authors: AN
authors: Arvellos
authors: Cláudio O P
authors: CO
authors: Ramos
authors: Antonio C T
authors: AC
authors: Toledo
authors: Renato
authors: R
authors: Falci
authors: Cristiano M
authors: CM
authors: Gomes
authors: Fernando E Q
authors: FE
authors: Recaverren
authors: José Murillo B
authors: JM
authors: Netto
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Srougi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014401:Tuberculosis, Urogenital / Q000175:diagnosis*