title: Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to urinary tract infections in adult women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although behavioral risk factors are strongly associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) risk, the role of genetics in acquiring this disease is poorly understood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To test the hypothesis that polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway genes are associated with susceptibility to UTIs, we conducted a population-based case-control study of women ages 18-49 years. We examined DNA variants in 9 TLR pathway genes in 431 recurrent cystitis (rUTI) cases, 400 pyelonephritis cases, and 430 controls with no history of UTIs. In the Caucasian subgroup of 987 women, polymorphism TLR4_A896G was associated with protection from rUTI, but not pyelonephritis, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.54 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.31 to 0.96. Polymorphism TLR5_C1174T, which encodes a variant that abrogates flagellin-induced signaling, was associated with an increased risk of rUTI (OR(95%CI): 1.81 (1.00-3.08)), but not pyelonephritis. Polymorphism TLR1_G1805T was associated with protection from pyelonephritis (OR(95%CI): 0.53 (0.29-0.96)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide the first evidence of associations of TLR5 and TLR1 variants with altered risks of acquiring rUTI and pyelonephritis, respectively. Although these data suggest that TLR polymorphisms are associated with adult susceptibility to UTIs, the statistical significance was modest and will require further study including validation with independent cohorts.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America. thawn@u.washington.edu
authors: Thomas R
authors: TR
authors: Hawn
authors: Delia
authors: D
authors: Scholes
authors: Shuying S
authors: SS
authors: Li
authors: Hongwei
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Yin
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Pacita L
authors: PL
authors: Roberts
authors: Ann E
authors: AE
authors: Stapleton
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Janer
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Aderem
authors: Walter E
authors: WE
authors: Stamm
authors: Lue Ping
authors: LP
authors: Zhao
authors: Thomas M
authors: TM
authors: Hooton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003556:Cystitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5