title: Interaction with LC8 is required for Pak1 nuclear import and is indispensable for zebrafish development.
abstract: Pak1 (p21 activated kinase 1) is a serine/threonine kinase implicated in regulation of cell motility and survival and in malignant transformation of mammary epithelial cells. In addition, the dynein light chain, LC8, has been described to cooperate with Pak1 in malignant transformation of breast cancer cells. Pak1 itself may aid breast cancer development by phosphorylating nuclear proteins, including estrogen receptor alpha. Recently, we showed that the LC8 binding site on Pak1 is adjacent to the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) required for Pak1 nuclear import. Here, we demonstrate that the LC8-Pak1 interaction is necessary for epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced nuclear import of Pak1 in MCF-7 cells, and that this event is contingent upon LC8-mediated Pak1 dimerization. In contrast, Pak2, which lacks an LC8 binding site but contains a nuclear localization sequence identical to that in Pak1, remains cytoplasmic upon EGF stimulation of MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, we show that severe developmental defects in zebrafish embryos caused by morpholino injections targeting Pak are partially rescued by co-injection of wild-type human Pak1, but not by co-injection of mutant Pak1 mRNA disrupting either the LC8 binding or the NLS site. Collectively, these results suggest that LC8 facilitates nuclear import of Pak1 and that this function is indispensable during vertebrate development.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: Christine M
authors: CM
authors: Lightcap
authors: Gabor
authors: G
authors: Kari
authors: Luis E
authors: LE
authors: Arias-Romero
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Chernoff
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Rodeck
authors: John C
authors: JC
authors: Williams
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D002470:Cell Survival; D056445:Cytoplasmic Dyneins; D019281:Dimerization; D004398:Dyneins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D011485:Protein Binding; D015027:Zebrafish; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C515903:PAK1 protein, human; C515907:PAK2 protein, human; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases; C427758:DYNLL1 protein, human; D056445:Cytoplasmic Dyneins; D004398:Dyneins