Anandamide increases the differentiation of rat adipocytes and causes PPARgamma and CB1 receptor upregulation.
Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA) or its metabolites participate in energy balance mainly through feeding modulation. In addition, AEA has been found to increase 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation process. In this study, the effect of AEA, R(+)-methanandamide (R(+)-mAEA), URB597, and indomethacin on primary rat adipocyte differentiation was evaluated by a flow cytometry method and by Oil Red-O staining. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting analysis were performed in order to study the effect of AEA on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma2, cannabinoid receptors (CBRs), fatty acid amidohydrolase (FAAH), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, during the differentiation process. AEA increased adipocyte differentiation in primary cell cultures in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and induced PPARgamma2 gene expression, confirming findings with 3T3-L1 cell line. CB1R, FAAH, and COX-2 expression was also increased while CB2R expression was decreased. Inhibition of FAAH and COX-2 attenuated the AEA-induced differentiation. Our findings indicate that AEA regulates energy homeostasis not only by appetite modulation but may also regulate adipocyte differentiation and phenotype.
Karaliota
Sevasti
S
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, and Department of Immunology/Histocompatibility, Evangelismos State General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Siafaka-Kapadai
Athanasia
A
Gontinou
Chrisanthi
C
Psarra
Katerina
K
Mavri-Vavayanni
Mary
M
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
D000581:Amidohydrolases; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D001549:Benzamides; D002219:Carbamates; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007213:Indomethacin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C500528:cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester; C088155:methanandamide; C078814:anandamide