title: Differential oxidative stress response in young children and the elderly following exposure to PM(2.5).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanism of the adverse health effects of ambient particulate matter on humans has not been well-investigated despite many epidemiologic association studies. Measurement of personal exposure to particulate pollutants and relevant biological effect markers are necessary in order to investigate the mechanism of adverse health effects, particularly in fragile populations considered to be more susceptible to the effects of pollutants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured personal exposure to PM(2.5) and examined oxidative stress using urinary malondialdehyde three times in 51 preschoolers and 38 elderly subjects. A linear mixed-effects model was used to estimate PM(2.5) effects on urinary MDA levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average personal exposure of the children and elderly to PM(2.5) was 80.5 +/- 29.9 and 20.7 +/- 12.7 mug/m(3), respectively. Mean urinary MDA level in the children and the elderly was 3.6 +/- 1.9 and 4.0 +/- 1.6 mumol/g creatinine. For elderly subjects the PM(2.5) level was significantly associated with urinary MDA after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, passive smoking, day-care facility site, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and medical history (heart disease, hypertension and bronchial asthma). However, there was no significant relationship for children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elderly were more susceptible than young children to oxidative stress as a result of ambient exposure to PM(2.5). Identification of oxidative stress induced by PM(2.5) explains the mechanism of adverse health effects such as cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, particularly in the elderly.
authors: Department of Family Medicine, Inje University, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Kyoungwoo
authors: K
authors: Kim
authors: Eun-Young
authors: EY
authors: Park
authors: Kwan-Hee
authors: KH
authors: Lee
authors: Jung-Duck
authors: JD
authors: Park
authors: Yong-Dae
authors: YD
authors: Kim
authors: Yun-Chul
authors: YC
authors: Hong