title: Local lentiviral short hairpin RNA silencing of CCR2 inhibits vein graft thickening in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E3-Leiden mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory responses to vascular injury are key events in vein graft disease and accelerated atherosclerosis, which may result in bypass failure. The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)-2 pathway is hypothesized to play a central role. A murine model for vein graft disease was used to study the effect of local application of lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeted against CCR2.
  
  
  METHODS
  A venous interposition was placed into the carotid artery of hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E3-Leiden (APOE*3-Leiden) mice to induce vein graft thickening with features of accelerated atherosclerosis. To demonstrate the efficacy of the lentiviral shRNA targeting murine CCR2 (shCCR2) in blocking vein graft disease in vivo, lentiviral shCCR2 or a control lentivirus was used to infect the vein graft locally (n = 8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular CCR2 and MCP-1 messenger RNA expression levels were significantly upregulated during lesion progression in the vein graft. Infection of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with a lentiviral shRNA targeting shCCR2 completely abolished MCP-1-induced SMC migration and inhibited SMC proliferation in vitro (n = 3 per group). Morphometric analysis of sections of grafts showed a significant 38% reduction in vein graft thickening in the shCCR2-treated mice 4 weeks after surgery (control, 0.42 +/- 0.05 mm(2); shCCR2, 0.26 +/- 0.03 mm(2); P = .007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascular CCR2 contributes to vein graft disease, and local application of shRNA against CCR2 to the vessel wall prevents vein graft thickening in hypercholesterolemic mice, suggesting that local overexpressing of shRNA using organ-targeted lentiviral gene delivery may be a promising therapeutic tool to improve vein graft disease in bypassed patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vein graft disease is an important clinical issue that results from an inflammatory response. The monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1/CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)-2 pathway plays a key role in the initiation and development of vein graft disease. This study demonstrates that perivascular overexpression of short hairpin RNA, targeted against CCR2, inhibits vein graft thickening. These data show that organ-targeted gene therapy against CCR2 in the vessel wall could be a promising therapeutic tool to improve vein graft patency in bypassed patients.
authors: Gaubius Laboratory, TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: Daniël
authors: D
authors: Eefting
authors: Ilze
authors: I
authors: Bot
authors: Margreet R
authors: MR
authors: de Vries
authors: Abbey
authors: A
authors: Schepers
authors: J Hajo
authors: JH
authors: van Bockel
authors: Theo J C
authors: TJ
authors: Van Berkel
authors: Erik A L
authors: EA
authors: Biessen
authors: Paul H A
authors: PH
authors: Quax
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D050197:Atherosclerosis; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications*; D016086:Lentivirus; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D034622:RNA Interference; D054390:Receptors, CCR2 / Q000235:genetics*; D014680:Veins / Q000637:transplantation
chemical_list: D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; C515335:Ccr2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054390:Receptors, CCR2; C052720:apolipoprotein E3 (Leidein)