title: Closed bore XMR (CBXMR) systems for aortic valve replacement: active magnetic shielding of x-ray tubes.
abstract: Hybrid closed bore x-ray/MRI systems are being developed to improve the safety and efficacy of percutaneous aortic valve replacement procedures by harnessing the complementary strengths of the x-ray and MRI modalities in a single interventional suite without requiring patient transfer between two rooms. These systems are composed of an x-ray C-arm in close proximity (approximately 1 m) to an MRI scanner. The MRI magnetic fringe field can cause the electron beam in the x-ray tube to deflect. The deflection causes the x-ray field of view to shift position on the detector receptacle. This could result in unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient and the staff in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Therefore, the electron beam deflection must be corrected. The authors developed an active magnetic shielding system that can correct for electron beam deflection to within an accuracy of 5% without truncating the field of view or increasing exposure to the patient. This system was able to automatically adjust to different field strengths as the external magnetic field acting on the x-ray tube was changed. Although a small torque was observed on the shielding coils of the active shielding system when they were placed in a magnetic field, this torque will not impact their performance if they are securely mounted on the x-ray tube and the C-arm. The heating of the coils of the shielding system for use in the clinic caused by electric current was found to be slow enough not to require a dedicated cooling system for one percutaneous aortic valve replacement procedure. However, a cooling system will be required if multiple procedures are performed in one session.
authors: Department of Medical Biophysics and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada. john.bracken@sri.utoronto.ca
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Bracken
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: DeCrescenzo
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Komljenovic
authors: Prasheel V
authors: PV
authors: Lillaney
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Fahrig
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Rowlands
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000601:surgery*; D001027:Aortography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity