title: Feasibility of a new method to collect exhaled breath condensate in pre-school children.
abstract: Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a promising non-invasive method to assess respiratory inflammation in adults and children with lung disease. Especially in pre-school children, condensate collection is hampered by long sampling times because of open-ended collection systems. We aimed to assess the feasibility of condensate collection in pre-school children using a closed glass condenser with breath recirculation system, which also collects the residual non-condensed exhaled breath, and subsequently recirculates it back into the condenser. Condensate was collected before and after breath recirculation in 70 non-sedated pre-school children with and without recurrent wheeze. Cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α) were measured in 50 μl samples using ultrasensitive multiplexed liquid bead array. The success rate of condensate collection increased from 64% (without recirculation) to 83% (after breath recirculation), and mean condensate volume from 214 to 465 μl respectively. Detection of cytokines was successful in 95-100% of samples. Cytokine concentrations before and after breath recirculation were not different (p > 0.232). In asthmatic children, only TNF-α concentrations were significantly decreased, compared to non-asthmatics. In pre-school children, the collection of EBC is feasible using a new closed glass condenser with breath recirculation system. This new method may help to assess - non-invasively - cytokine profiles in asthmatic and non-asthmatic pre-school children.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Orbis Medical Center, Sittard, The Netherlands. p.rosias@orbisconcern.nl
authors: Philippe P R
authors: PP
authors: Rosias
authors: Charlotte M
authors: CM
authors: Robroeks
authors: Kim D
authors: KD
authors: van de Kant
authors: Ger T
authors: GT
authors: Rijkers
authors: Luc J
authors: LJ
authors: Zimmermann
authors: Constant P
authors: CP
authors: van Schayck
authors: Jan W
authors: JW
authors: Heynens
authors: Quirijn
authors: Q
authors: Jöbsis
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Dompeling
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D045853:Exhalation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012135:Respiratory Sounds
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines