Perioperative analgesia strategies in fast-track pediatric surgery of the kidney and renal pelvis: lessons learned.
OBJECTIVE
Effective analgesia is essential for the success of fast-track (FT) pediatric surgery. Aim of the study was to achieve an optimal analgesia protocol for a comfortable postoperative course and early mobilization in children undergoing urological procedures.


METHODS
A prospective study of two analgesia concepts in a series of children undergoing laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) and nephrectomy (LN) was performed. Thirty-six consecutive patients received analgesia according to the protocol "Fast Track I" (FT I), 23 patients according to the modified analgesia protocol "Fast Track II" (FT II). Differences between the protocols were frequency of pain measurement, more frequent use of local anesthesia and higher dosage of Acetaminophen. End points were pain intensity, use of opioids and side effects. Data derived from the German reimbursement system (G-DRG) regarding lengths of hospital stay were compared.


RESULTS
On the day of operation (6:00 p.m.), pain scores of patients using FT II were significantly lower than those using the FT I protocol (1.51 + or - 0.4 FT II versus 3.8 + or - 0.4 FT I, p = 0.001). Pain scores still tended to be lower in the FT II group on the first postoperative day (8:00 a.m.), but from that point on, the difference was not significant (1.52 + or - 0.5 FT II versus 2.3 + or - 0.4 FT I, p = 0.186). Hospital stay was short, compared to the German average, in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The modified analgesia protocol FT II leads to earlier and more effective pain reduction, lower use of opioids and fewer side effects than the previously used protocol FT I. Hence, modification of analgesia in pediatric urology is essential.
Dingemann
Jens
J
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany. dingemann.jens@mh-hannover.de
Kuebler
Joachim F
JF
Wolters
Mathias
M
von Kampen
Mirja
M
Osthaus
Wilhelm A
WA
Ure
Benno M
BM
Reismann
Marc
M
D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000293:Adolescent; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy; D009407:Nerve Block; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000601:surgery
D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000082:Acetaminophen