title: Increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CD1c expressing dendritic cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic inflammation is implicated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) pathogenesis and is associated with persistent activation of immune responses. These are largely controlled by dendritic cells (DCs). Although large numbers of DCs infiltrate the lungs of patients with IPF, there are no similar reports in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate DC populations in BALF of IPF patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  CD1c(+) myeloid DCs, BDCA3(high) myeloid DCs, BDCA2(+) plasmacytoid DCs and CD83(+) mature DCs were identified by flow cytometry in the BALF of 10 IPF patients and 10 controls. DC numbers were expressed as percentages of total BALF leukocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD1c(+) myeloid DCs were increased in IPF patients versus controls [median (ranges in parentheses) 1.16% (0.25-3.97) vs. 0.61% (0.19-1.10), p = 0.01]. There was also a trend towards increased BDCA3(high) myeloid DCs [0.57% (0.23-0.88) vs. 0.28% (0.07-0.96), p = 0.07]. No differences were reported in BDCA2(+) DCs and CD83(+) DCs between IPF patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPF is associated with an increase in percentages of BALF myeloid DCs. Considering that such an increase was not observed in CD83(+) mature DCs, most of these DCs should be immature.
authors: Department of Thoracic Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece. tsoumak@yahoo.gr
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tsoumakidou
authors: K P
authors: KP
authors: Karagiannis
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Bouloukaki
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zakynthinos
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Tzanakis
authors: N M
authors: NM
authors: Siafakas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D018949:Antigens, CD1; C437944:CD1C protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins