title: Which is the most power-efficient modulation format in optical links?
abstract: By exploiting the electromagnetic wave's four-dimensional signal space, we find that for the additive white Gaussian noise channel, the modulation format with best sensitivity to be an 8-level format with 1.76 dB asymptotic gain over BPSK, for uncoded optical transmission with coherent detection. Low-complexity modulators are presented for the format, as well as an interpretation in terms of quantum-limited sensitivity.
authors: Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. magnus.karlsson@chalmers.se
authors: Magnus
authors: M
authors: Karlsson
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Agrell