title: Attenuation of LPS-induced iNOS expression by 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose.
abstract: 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose (1,5-AF), a monosaccharide formed from starch and glycogen, exhibits antioxidant and antibacterial activity, and inhibits cytokine release by attenuating NF-kappaB activation in LPS-stimulated mice. The present study examined whether 1,5-AF inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in vitro and in vivo. We found that 1,5-AF significantly blocked the production of NO, and protein and mRNA expression of iNOS, and up-regulated IL-10 production in vitro. We also investigated the effects of 1,5-AF on acute lung inflammation in C57BL/6J mice. We found that protein and mRNA expression of iNOS in lung tissues were inhibited by 1,5-AF pretreatment. In addition, the serum level of IL-10 was upregulated by 1,5-AF. Collectively, the iNOS transcriptional and translational inhibitory effects of 1,5-AF seem to be prolonged and enhanced by the production of IL-10. These results suggest that 1,5-AF could be a useful adjunct in the treatment of acute lung inflammation.
authors: Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors: Xiaojie
authors: X
authors: Meng
authors: Ko-ichi
authors: K
authors: Kawahara
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Matsushita
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Nawa
authors: Binita
authors: B
authors: Shrestha
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Kikuchi
authors: Hisayo
authors: H
authors: Sameshima
authors: Teruto
authors: T
authors: Hashiguchi
authors: Ikuro
authors: I
authors: Maruyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016753:Interleukin-10; D005632:Fructose; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C048927:1,5-anhydrofructose; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse