title: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C infections induce distinct immunologic imprints in peripheral mononuclear cells.
abstract: Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is present in one-third of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in the United States and is associated with rapid progression of liver fibrosis and poor response to pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin. In this study we examined gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from different groups of individuals who are monoinfected or coinfected with HIV and HCV. Data showed that HIV and HCV viremia up-regulate genes associated with immune activation and immunoregulatory pathways. HCV viremia is also associated with abnormalities in all peripheral immune cells, suggesting a global effect of HCV on the immune system. Interferon-alpha-induced genes were expressed at a higher level in PBMCs from HIV-infected individuals. HCV and HIV infections leave distinct profiles or gene expression of immune activation in PBMCs. HIV viremia induces an immune activated state; by comparison, HCV infection induces immunoregulatory and proinflammatory pathways that may contribute to progression of liver fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An aberrant type-I IFN response seen exclusively in HIV-infected individuals could be responsible for the poor therapeutic response experienced by HIV/HCV coinfected individuals receiving interferon-alpha-based current standard of care.
authors: Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. skottilil@niaid.nih.gov
authors: Shyam
authors: S
authors: Kottilil
authors: Michael Y
authors: MY
authors: Yan
authors: Kristin N
authors: KN
authors: Reitano
authors: Xiaozhen
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Lempicki
authors: Gregg
authors: G
authors: Roby
authors: Marybeth
authors: M
authors: Daucher
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Karoll J
authors: KJ
authors: Cortez
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Ghany
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Polis
authors: Anthony S
authors: AS
authors: Fauci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D055815:Young Adult