title: Fulminant unilateral pulmonary edema after insertion of a chest tube: a complication after a primary spontaneous pneumothorax.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The insertion of a chest tube in cases of large pleural effusion or spontaneous pneumothorax is a common surgical procedure often performed by a physician in training under the supervision of a senior physician.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors report the case of a 35-year-old man with a persistent, complete spontaneous pneumothorax of approximately 30 hours' duration. Within 90 minutes after insertion of a chest tube, he developed severe unilateral pulmonary edema and required mechanical ventilation. FINDINGS AND CLINICAL COURSE: Computerized tomography revealed severe, unilateral pulmonary edema referred to as re-expansion pulmonary edema. After emergency endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure, the pulmonary edema resolved completely and the patient recovered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Re-expansion edema is a rare, potentially life-threatening complication of the drainage of a spontaneous pneumothorax. With early recognition and timely treatment, complete resolution can be achieved. Risk factors include rapid re-expansion of the lung, young patient age, and a large pneumothorax persisting longer than 24 hours. If these risk factors are present, the chest tube should be inserted without primary suction. Doing so allows the lung to re-expand more slowly and may prevent this severe complication.
authors: Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie Rüsselsheim, GPR Klinikum Rüsselsheim, August-Bebel-Strasse 59, Rüsselsheim, Germany. schmidt-horlohe@gp-ruesselsheim.de
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Schmidt-Horlohé
authors: Lothar
authors: L
authors: Rudig
authors: Chadwick T
authors: CT
authors: Azvedo
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Habekost