title: Characteristics and practices of birth centres in Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Around 2% of women who give birth in Australia each year give birth in a birth centre. There is currently no standard definition of a birth centre in Australia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to locate all birth centres nationally, describe their characteristics and procedures, and develop a definition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys were sent to 23 birth centres. Questions included: types of procedures, equipment and pain relief available, staffing, funding, philosophies, physical characteristics and transfer procedures. Of the birth centres, 19 satisfied the inclusion criteria and 16 completed surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three constructs of a birth centre were identified. A 'commitment to normality of pregnancy and birth' was most commonly reported as the most important philosophy (44%). The predominant model of care was group practice/caseload midwifery (63%). Thirteen birth centres were located within/attached to a hospital, two were on a hospital campus and one was freestanding. The distance to the nearest labour ward ranged from 2 m to 15 km. Reported intrapartum transfer rates ranged from 7% to 29%. Thirteen centres had a special care nursery or neonatal intensive care unit onsite, or both. Eight centres undertook artificial rupture of membranes for induction of labour, while two administered oxytocin or prostaglandins. All centres offered nitrous oxide and local anaesthetic. Twelve centres had systemic opioids available and one offered pudendal analgesia. Fetal monitoring was used in all birth centres. Only three centres conducted instrumental deliveries, while 15 performed episiotomies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Birth centres vary in their philosophies, characteristics and service delivery.
authors: Perinatal and Reproductive Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales. p.laws@unsw.edu.au
authors: Paula J
authors: PJ
authors: Laws
authors: Carylyn
authors: C
authors: Lim
authors: Sally
authors: S
authors: Tracy
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D016550:Birthing Centers / Q000145:classification* / Q000458:organization & administration; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008880:Midwifery; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D010820:Physicians; D011247:Pregnancy; D000078329:Workforce