title: Chorionic gonadotropin regulates prostaglandin E synthase via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-extracellular regulatory kinase pathway in a human endometrial epithelial cell line: implications for endometrial responses for embryo implantation.
abstract: Successful implantation necessitates modulation of the uterine environment by the embryo for a specific period of time during the menstrual cycle. Infusion of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) into the oviducts of baboons to mimic embryo transit induces a myriad of morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes in the endometrium. Endometrial epithelial cells from both baboons and humans when stimulated by CG in vitro, activates a cAMP-independent MAPK pathway leading to prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) synthesis. This study shows that in the human endometrial cell line, HES, CG, acting via its G-protein coupled receptor, phosphorylates protein kinase B, c-Raf, and ERK1/2 in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. Furthermore, ERK1/2 phosphorylation is independent of the signaling paradigms of Galpha(s), Galpha(I), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation, typical of gonadal cells, indicating an alternative signaling pattern in the endometrium. After phosphorylation by CG, ERK1/2 translocates to the nucleus in a time-dependent manner. Downstream of ERK1/2, CG activates the nuclear transcription factor, Elk1, also in a PI3K-MAPK-dependent manner. Lastly, we show that in HES cells, this pathway regulates the expression of the microsomal enzyme PGE(2) synthase (mPTGES), a terminal prostanoid synthase responsible for PGE(2) synthesis. CG regulates the mPTGES promoter and also induces mPTGES synthesis in HES cells via the PI3K-ERK1/2 pathway. We suggest that this alternative PI3K-ERK-Elk pathway activated by CG regulates prostaglandin production by the endometrial epithelium and serves as an early trigger to prepare the endometrium for implantation.
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
authors: Prajna
authors: P
authors: Banerjee
authors: Kavita
authors: K
authors: Sapru
authors: Zuzana
authors: Z
authors: Strakova
authors: Asgerally T
authors: AT
authors: Fazleabas
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000502:physiology*; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000502:physiology; D011974:Receptors, LH / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D011974:Receptors, LH; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases