title: Transcriptional regulation of the murine Presenilin-2 gene reveals similarities and differences to its human orthologue.
abstract: Inherited Presenilin-2 mutations cause familial Alzheimer's disease, and its regulation may play a role in sporadic cases. The human Presenilin-2 (PSEN2) regulatory region includes two separate promoters modulated by Egr-1, a transcription factor involved in learning and memory. To enable in-vivo analysis of Presenilin-2 regulation, we characterized the murine Presenilin-2 (Psen2) promoter. We identified novel Psen2 Transcription start sites (TSSs) 10 kb upstream of previously reported sites, along with two new alternatively transcribed exons (1A, and 1BC) in the 5' untranslated region. Transcripts initiating in Exon 1A are ubiquitous, whereas exon 1BC-initiated transcripts are non-neuronal. Only the sequence surrounding exon 1A, which includes homologous sequences to the human PSEN2 promoter, harbored significant promoter activity. Sequences upstream of exon 1A and a downstream enhancer were specifically important in neuronal cells, but similar to the human promoter, the murine promoter was characteristic of a housekeeping gene, and its activity depended on Sp1 binding. Egr-1 did not bind the murine promoter. Egr-1 over-expression and down-regulation, as well as in-vivo examination of Egr-1 and Psen2 expression during fear conditioning in mice, showed that Egr-1 does not regulate the murine Psen2 promoter. Differential Psen2 regulation in human and mouse has implications for Alzheimer disease mouse models.
authors: Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors: Hadile
authors: H
authors: Ounallah-Saad
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Beeri
authors: Inbal
authors: I
authors: Goshen
authors: Raz
authors: R
authors: Yirmiya
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Renbaum
authors: Ephrat
authors: E
authors: Levy-Lahad
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005091:Exons; D005239:Fear; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D053766:Presenilin-2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D017931:DNA Primers; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486109:Egr1 protein, mouse; C508861:PSEN2 protein, human; D053766:Presenilin-2; C095101:Psen2 protein, mouse; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor