title: Oral care interventions and oropharyngeal colonization in children receiving mechanical ventilation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent progress in identification of oral microorganisms has shown that the oropharynx can be a site of origin for dissemination of pathogenic organisms to distant body sites, such as the lungs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the oropharyngeal microbiological profile, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in the intensive care unit of children receiving mechanical ventilation who had pharmacological or nonpharmacological oral care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized and controlled study was performed in a pediatric intensive unit in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 56 children were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=27, 48%) that received oral care with use of 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate or a control group (n=29, 52%) that received oral care without an antiseptic. Oropharyngeal secretions were collected and cultured on days 0, 2, and 4, and at discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 groups had similar demographic characteristics, preexisting underlying diseases, and pharmacological, nutritional, and ventilatory support. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant pathogens: Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enter-obacter species. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in the colonization of normal (P= .72) or pathogenic (P= .62) flora, in the duration of mechanical ventilation (P= .67), or in length of stay in the intensive care (P= .22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of chlorhexidine combined with nonpharmacological oral care did not decrease the colonization profile, duration of mechanical ventilation, or length of stay in critically ill children receiving mechanical ventilation.
authors: Nursing School, Pediatrics Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. mpedreira@unifesp.br
authors: Mavilde L G
authors: ML
authors: Pedreira
authors: Denise M
authors: DM
authors: Kusahara
authors: Werther Brunow
authors: WB
authors: de Carvalho
authors: Silvia Cristina
authors: SC
authors: Núñez
authors: Maria Angélica S
authors: MA
authors: Peterlini
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000379:methods*; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine