title: EpCAM is involved in maintenance of the murine embryonic stem cell phenotype.
abstract: Epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on subsets of normal epithelia, numerous stem- and progenitor-type cells, and most carcinomas and highly overexpressed on cancer-initiating cells. The role of EpCAM in early development, particularly in stem-like cells, has remained unclear. Here, we show that the maintenance of self-renewal in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells depends on the high-level expression of EpCAM. Cultivation of ES cells under differentiation conditions in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) caused down-regulation of EpCAM along with decreased expression of cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (c-Myc), Sex-determining region Y-Box 2, Octamer 3/4 (Oct3/4), and Stat3. As a consequence ES cells were morphologically differentiated and ceased to proliferate. RNA interference-mediated inhibition of EpCAM expression under self-renewal conditions resulted in quantitatively decreased proliferation, decreased Oct3/4, SSEA-1, and c-Myc expression, and diminished alkaline phosphatase activity. Conversely, exogenous expression of EpCAM partially compensated for the requirement of ES cells for LIF to retain a stem cell phenotype. Thus, murine EpCAM is a transmembrane protein, which is essential but by itself is not sufficient for maintenance of the ES cell phenotype.
authors: Clinical Cooperation Group Molecular Oncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, and Head and Neck Research Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors: Bárbara
authors: B
authors: González
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Denzel
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Mack
authors: Marcus
authors: M
authors: Conrad
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Gires
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010641:Phenotype; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering