title: Dual effects of lipophilic extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) on catecholamine secretion in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) is a well known traditional Chinese herb, which has been used widely in China for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in clinic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study is to clarify the effects of lipophilic extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (LESM) on catecholamine (CA) secretion, a traditional Chinese medicine used widely for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  LESM was evaluated for its effects on CA secretion using HPLC-ECD method. The effects of LESM on 22Na+ influx and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that LEMS directly stimulated basal CA secretion in an extracellular Ca2+-dependent manner. And the stimulation was not affected by combination of hexamethonium (Hex),an inhibitor of nAChR. LESM also directly elevated [Ca2+]i. In addition, using selective blockers of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, such as nitrendipine (for L-type), omega-agatoxin-IVA (for P-type) and -conotoxin-GVIA (for N-type), it was found that nitrendipine suppressed the elevation of [Ca2+]i induced by LESM, but not omega-agatoxin-IVA or omega-conotoxin-GVIA. Compared with acetylcholine (ACh) only, however, combination of LESM with ACh inhibited the raise of CA secretion, 22Na+ influx and [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, LESM also inhibited CA secretion induced by veratridine (Ver), and 56 mM K+ at concentrations similar to those for [Ca2+]i rise. One of the lipophilic active compounds, cryptotanshione (Cryp), also had the same effects on CA secretion with LESM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All these findings suggest that LESM exerts dual effects on CA secretion in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. LESM exerts antagonistic effects on nAChR, voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels, whereas it is an agonist of L-type Ca2+ channel when it used alone.
authors: Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300-193, China.
authors: Haoping
authors: H
authors: Mao
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Yuefei
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Fenrong
authors: F
authors: Zhao
authors: Limin
authors: L
authors: Hu
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Yanagihara
authors: Xiumei
authors: X
authors: Gao
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D010936:Plant Extracts