title: Ovariectomy increases the formation of prostanoids and modulates their role in acetylcholine-induced relaxation and nitric oxide release in the rat aorta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the effect of ovarian function on thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)), prostaglandin (PG) I(2), PGF(2alpha), and PGE(2) release as well as the role of these substances in nitric oxide (NO) release and acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated relaxation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aortic segments from ovariectomized and control female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) expression was studied. ACh-induced relaxation was analysed in the absence and presence of the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, the TXA(2) synthesis inhibitor furegrelate, the PGI(2) synthesis inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP), or the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor antagonist SQ-29548. TXA(2), PGI(2), PGF(2alpha), and PGE(2) release was measured, and the vasomotor effect of exogenous TXA(2), PGI(2,) PGF(2alpha), and PGE(2) was assessed. Basal and ACh-induced NO release in the absence and presence of NS-398, furegrelate, TCP, or TCP plus furegrelate was studied. Ovariectomy did not alter or increased COX-1 or COX-2 expression, respectively. NS-398 decreased, and furegrelate did not change, the ACh-induced relaxation in arteries from both groups. SQ29,548 decreased the ACh-induced relaxation only in aortas from ovariectomized rats. TCP decreased the ACh-induced relaxation in both groups, and furegrelate or SQ29,548 totally restored that response only in aortas from control rats. Ovariectomy increased the ACh-induced TXA(2), PGI(2), and PGE(2) release and the contractile responses induced by exogenous TXA(2), PGF(2alpha), or PGE(2), while it decreased the PGI(2)-induced vasodilator response. In aortas from control rats, NS-398 did not alter the ACh-induced NO release, and furegrelate, TCP, or TCP plus furegrelate increased that release. In arteries from ovariectomized rats, NS-398, furegrelate, TCP, or TCP plus furegrelate decreased the ACh-induced NO release.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the prevalence of vasoconstrictor prostanoids derived from COX-2 in aortas from ovariectomized rats, the ACh-induced relaxation is maintained, probably as consequence of the positive regulation that prostanoids exert on eNOS activity.
authors: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors: Aina
authors: A
authors: Martorell
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Sagredo
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Aras-López
authors: Gloria
authors: G
authors: Balfagón
authors: Mercedes
authors: M
authors: Ferrer
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005260:Female; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013930:Thromboxane-A Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014191:Tranylcypromine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D006834:Hydrazines; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D011453:Prostaglandins; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014191:Tranylcypromine; D013928:Thromboxane A2; C045749:SQ 29548; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D015237:Dinoprost; D011464:Epoprostenol; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C022461:prostacyclin synthetase; D013930:Thromboxane-A Synthase; D015232:Dinoprostone; C039936:furegrelate; D000109:Acetylcholine