title: [Experience of diagnosis and treatment for cervical tracheoesophageal fistula complicated with laryngotracheal stenosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the treatment of cervical tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) with complicated or remnant laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) and anterior neck defect (AND).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1980 to 2007, 14 patients were diagnosed as TEF. Among them, 9 patients had complicated or remnant LTS, 3 patients had complicated AND, and 2 patients had TEF which were induced by Nickel-Titanium alloy mesh stent for treating benign esophageal stricture. All these patients were retrospectively studied in Tangdu Hospital. Treatment consisted of conservative therapy of TEF, staged surgical repair of TEF and laryngotracheal reconstruction according to the dimension (small or large) of TEF and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients with small TEF (2 - 3 mm length) complicated LTS underwent laryngotracheal reconstruction stented with silicone T tube and TEF was adopted conservative treatment. The TEF and LTS were healed. Six patients with larger TEF (10 - 25 mm length) were repaired by staged surgical repair of TEF and laryngotracheal reconstruction. Among them, 3 cases had complicated LTS and AND, 2 cases had recent LTS and 1 case had TEF without complication. Two patients had TEF and LTS, whose TEF healed before laryngotracheal reconstruction, the remnant LTS were reconstructed and healed. During the follow-up ranged from one to ten years, 12 patients were successfully treated without complications. One patient with TEF and LTS was treated only LTS because of a segment of esophagus was closed and treated with esophagogastrostomy in the department of thoracic surgery after LTS was successfully reconstructed and cured. One patient died of bleeding and asphyxia induced by the Nickel-Titanium alloy stent because of the stent had not been taken out.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small cervical TEF complicated or remnant LTS can be treated by laryngotracheal reconstruction and conservative treatment of TEF at the same time. A larger TEF complicated LTS should be treated by staged repair of TEF and LTS.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038 China. chenwx@fmmu.edu.cn
authors: Wen-Xian
authors: WX
authors: Chen
authors: Yan-Yan
authors: YY
authors: Ruan
authors: Peng-Cheng
authors: PC
authors: Chi
authors: Peng-Fei
authors: PF
authors: Gao
authors: Jia-Sheng
authors: JS
authors: Luo
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017577:Cutaneous Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult