title: Antiretroviral induced adverse drug reactions in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus positive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To our knowledge, there is no report regarding antiretroviral induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Iranian patients who infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We have evaluated the frequency of antiretroviral therapy (ART) induced ADRs in this population and assessed some risk factors of these reactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective cohort study that was performed in Iranian Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Research Center during years 2005-2007. Adult patients who infected with HIV and newly started on ART were included in this study and followed laboratory and clinically for the development of any ADRs for at least 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During this study 87.6% of patients showed at least one ADR. Prevalence of ADRs based on affected organ was: gastrointestinal (GI) (63.7%), hematological (32.6%), neurological (30%), cutaneous (22%), musculoskeletal (21.3%), hepatic (20%), metabolic (18.6%), and renal (2.6%) adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most important results of this study were finding of hematological ADRs as the most common cause of ART interruption, supporting the hypersensitivity nature of antiretroviral induced hepatotoxicity especially cholestasis and new finding of the significant positive correlation between hepatitis C virus co-infection and the occurrence of ART induced skin reactions.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Postal Code: 1417614411, Tehran, Iran. khalilih@tums.ac.ir
authors: Hossein
authors: H
authors: Khalili
authors: Simin
authors: S
authors: Dashti-Khavidaki
authors: Minoo
authors: M
authors: Mohraz
authors: Atefeh
authors: A
authors: Etghani
authors: Farahnaz
authors: F
authors: Almasi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents