title: Local delivery of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase-4-specific inhibitor, augments bone morphogenetic protein-induced bone formation.
abstract: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) is a promising therapeutic cytokine for the induction of bone formation, but a weak response in humans remains a major hurdle in its therapeutic application. We have previously reported an rhBMP-2-induced increase in the bone mass of mice receiving systemic rolipram, a specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4. To overcome the side effects of systemic administration of rolipram, we examined the effects of its local release. Polyethylene glycol discs were used as a delivery system. The discs were impregnated with rhBMP-2 and rolipram and implanted into the dorsal muscle pouches in mice. Bone formation was assessed by measuring the bone mineral content (BMC) of the formed bone. First, to determine the optimal dose of rolipram, we added 0-5000 nmol rolipram and 5 microg rhBMP-2 to the pellets and found that 500 nmol rolipram was the most effective concentration for inducing bone formation after 4 weeks. Second, to examine the time course of bone formation, we implanted 5 microg rhBMP-2 with 0 or 500 nmol rolipram and killed mice 5, 7, 10, 14, or 21 days after implantation. Bone formation was accelerated in the rolipram group. Finally, to determine the rolipram-induced increase in the effect of BMP, BMC obtained after treatment with 5 microg rhBMP-2 and 500 nmol rolipram was compared with that obtained after treatment with 5-9 microg rhBMP-2 without rolipram, 4 weeks after implantation. The results indicated that 500 nmol rolipram enhanced the effect of rhBMP-2 by almost 1.5-fold. In summary, locally released rolipram enhanced the capacity of rhBMP-2 to induce bone formation, an effect previously reported with systemic administration. These findings may decrease the cost and increase the efficacy of rhBMP-2 treatment.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Tokuhara
authors: Shigeyuki
authors: S
authors: Wakitani
authors: Yuuki
authors: Y
authors: Imai
authors: Chizumi
authors: C
authors: Nomura
authors: Masatoshi
authors: M
authors: Hoshino
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Yano
authors: Susumu
authors: S
authors: Taguchi
authors: Mitsunari
authors: M
authors: Kim
authors: Yoshinori
authors: Y
authors: Kadoya
authors: Kunio
authors: K
authors: Takaoka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004343:Drug Implants; D004357:Drug Synergism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D058988:Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020889:Rolipram / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004343:Drug Implants; D058988:Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D020889:Rolipram