title: Serine protease inhibitor aprotinin ameliorates renal injury in a rat model of ischemia-perfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury may occur after renal transplantation, thoracoabdominal aortic surgery, and renal artery interventions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the therapeutic effects of aprotinin on tissue protection against I/R injury in a rat model. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, was also tested to assess the experimental model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four rats were categorized into 3 groups of 8 rats each: those receiving isotonic sodium chloride solution (control group); NAC, 150 mg/kg; and aprotinin, 40,000 KIU/kg. The animals underwent unilateral nephrectomy after 60 minutes of warm ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion of the kidney. Malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation marker, and antioxidant glutathione levels were measured in the kidney parenchyma. Tissue samples were obtained for histologic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, the NAC group demonstrated significantly low levels of malondialdehyde (P = .04) and high levels of glutathione (P = .01). At histopathologic analysis, less acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and cellular swelling was noted in the NAC group (P = .002 and P = .005, respectively). In the aprotinin group, histopathologic analysis revealed less tissue damage in terms of ATN (P < .001, cellular swelling (P < .001), and vacuolysis (P = .002). Compared with the NAC group, ATN (P = .01), vacuolysis (P = .04), and congestion (P = .05) were significantly less in the aprotinin group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that administration of aprotinin attenuates renal I/R injury. This observation has potential application for kidney preservation for transplantation, for aortic surgery, and for renal artery interventions by protecting cells from free radical damage.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Altan
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Bozkurt
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Arslan
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Ustundag
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Konukoglu
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Koksal
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D009392:Nephrectomy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007611:Aprotinin; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine