title: [Treatment of urinary tract calculi in preschool children with endoscopy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the safety and feasibility of endoscopy in treating urinary tract calculi in preschool children.
  
  
  METHODS
  From August 2004 to August 2008, 28 preschool children with urinary tract calculi were treated by endoscopy, 11 cases received ureterolithotripsy (URL) and 17 cases received minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 11 cases with ureteric calculi, 5 cases were rendered stone free in the first session, the other 6 cases received passive dilation by indwelling of ureteric stents for 1 to 3 weeks and underwent successful ureteroscopy with a 8/9.8 Fr rigid ureteroscope. Seventeen cases with renal calculi received MPCNL and were rendered stone free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that endoscopy in treating urinary tract calculi is safe and feasible in preschool children.
authors: Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510230, China. gzgyzgh@tom.com
authors: Guo-Hua
authors: GH
authors: Zeng
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Zhong
authors: Hou-Meng
authors: HM
authors: Yang
authors: Zhi-Ming
authors: ZM
authors: Gui
authors: Wen-Zhong
authors: WZ
authors: Chen
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Yuan
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000601:surgery*