title: A comparison of HIV testing in the emergency department and urgent care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although national guidelines recommend universal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, emergency departments (EDs) may choose to limit testing to certain patients, such as those triaged to urgent care (UC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the results of rapid HIV testing in an urban ED with an affiliated UC.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective analysis of an HIV testing program that included screening, which was initiated by triage nurses, and diagnostic testing, which was initiated by clinicians. Eligible patients were ≥ 12 years old and medically stable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From April 2005 through December 2006, HIV tests were completed in 6196 (8.3%) of the 74,331 ED visits and 3256 (8.8%) of the 37,169 UC visits. Screening accounted for 5009 (80.8%) of the ED tests and 2914 (89.5%) of the UC tests, and diagnostic testing accounted for the remainder. Eighty (1.3%) of the ED tests and 21 (0.6%) of the UC tests were positive (p = 0.0024). Compared with newly diagnosed HIV-positive ED patients, HIV-positive UC patients were less likely to have CD4 counts < 200 cells/μL (adjusted odds ratio 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.05-0.65).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the yield of HIV testing is greater among ED patients, UC patients are diagnosed at a less advanced stage of illness.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Alameda County Medical Center, Highland Hospital, Oakland, CA 94602, USA.
authors: Douglas A E
authors: DA
authors: White
authors: Paul T
authors: PT
authors: Cheung
authors: Alicia N
authors: AN
authors: Scribner
authors: Bradley W
authors: BW
authors: Frazee
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000458:organization & administration*; D002648:Child; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014218:Triage