In vitro tests in drug hypersensitivity diagnosis.
The diagnosis of a drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) is a challenging task because multiple and complex mechanisms are involved. Better understanding of immunologic pathomechanisms in DHRs and rapid progress in cellular-based in-vitro tests can help to adjust the correct diagnostic strategy to individual patients with different clinical manifestations of drug allergy. Thus, drug hypersensitivity diagnosis needs to rely on a combination of medical history and different in vivo and in vitro tests. In this article, the authors discuss current in vitro techniques, most recent findings, and new promising tools in the diagnosis of T-cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity.
Lochmatter
Priska
P
Division of Allergology, Clinic of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland.
Zawodniak
Anna
A
Pichler
Werner J
WJ
D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007159:Immunologic Tests; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D052118:Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008487:Medical History Taking; D037182:T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D052118:Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1; D000099192:CD69 Antigens