title: Long-term study of urinary bisphenol A in elementary school children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Due to its industrial application and frequent use as a coating material for food containers, bisphenol A (4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol, BPA) is present in abundance in our environment. Data on intake levels of BPA are limited in preadolescent children in Japan. This study was designed to help us better understand the current state of BPA exposure in children in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed first graders (n = 104) attending school in a Tokyo suburb from 1998 until the sixth grade (2003), during which time we collected a total of three morning urine samples. Urinary BPA was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-four children were followed for 5 years. Median urinary BPA level was 2.66 ng/mg creatinine (CRE) (range 0.9-38.9) at first grade (1998), 1.52 ng/mg CRE (0.4-11.8) at third grade (2000), and 0.66 ng/mg CRE (0.2-8.5) at sixth grade (2003), showing a significant decrease in urinary BPA levels over a 5-year follow-up study (p < 0.001). No significant difference was seen between boys and girls at each grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary levels of BPA were relatively low throughout the study period; however, as the study progressed, we observed a significant decline in levels, the reason behind which is not yet clear.
authors: Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan, yamano@med.showa-u.ac.jp.
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Yamano
authors: Sanpei
authors: S
authors: Miyakawa
authors: Kyoichi
authors: K
authors: Iizumi
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Itoh
authors: Motoki
authors: M
authors: Iwasaki
authors: Shoichiro
authors: S
authors: Tsugane
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Kagawa
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Nakadate