title: Molecular characterization of the niaD and pyrG genes from Penicillium camemberti, and their use as transformation markers.
abstract: Genetic manipulation of the filamentous fungus Penicillium camemberti has been limited by a lack of suitable genetics tools for this fungus. In particular, there is no available homologous transformation system. In this study, the nitrate reductase (niaD) and orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (pyrG) genes from Penicillium camemberti were characterized, and their suitability as metabolic molecular markers for transformation was evaluated. The genes were amplified using PCR-related techniques, and sequenced. The niaD gene is flanked by the nitrite reductase (niiA) gene in a divergent arrangement, being part of the putative nitrate assimilation cluster in P. camemberti. pyrG presents several polymorphisms compared with a previously sequenced pyrG gene from another P. camemberti strain, but almost all are silent mutations. Southern blot assays indicate that one copy of each gene is present in P. camemberti. Northern blot assays showed that the pyrG gene is expressed in minimal and rich media, and the niaD gene is expressed in nitrate, but not in reduced nitrogen sources. The functionality of the two genes as transformation markers was established by transforming A. nidulans pyrG- and niaD-deficient strains. Higher transformation efficiencies were obtained with a pyrG-containing plasmid. This is the first study yielding a molecular and functional characterization of P. camemberti genes that would be useful as molecular markers for transformation, opening the way for the future development of a non-antibiotic genetic transformation system for this fungus.
authors: Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Katherinne
authors: K
authors: Navarrete
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Roa
authors: Inmaculada
authors: I
authors: Vaca
authors: Yeison
authors: Y
authors: Espinosa
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Navarro
authors: Renato
authors: R
authors: Chávez
mesh_terms: D005819:Genetic Markers; D050901:Nitrate Reductase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010407:Penicillium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase