title: Airborne particulate matter PM2.5 from Mexico City affects the generation of reactive oxygen species by blood neutrophils from asthmatics: an in vitro approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Mexico City Metropolitan Area is densely populated, and toxic air pollutants are generated and concentrated at a higher rate because of its geographic characteristics. It is well known that exposure to particulate matter, especially to fine and ultra-fine particles, enhances the risk of cardio-respiratory diseases, especially in populations susceptible to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fine particles on the respiratory burst of circulating neutrophils from asthmatic patients living in Mexico City.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 6 subjects diagnosed with mild asthma and 11 healthy volunteers were asked to participate. Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral venous blood and incubated with fine particles, and the generation of reactive oxygen species was recorded by chemiluminescence. We also measured plasma lipoperoxidation susceptibility and plasma myeloperoxidase and paraoxonase activities by spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asthmatic patients showed significantly lower plasma paraoxonase activity, higher susceptibility to plasma lipoperoxidation and an increase in myeloperoxidase activity that differed significantly from the control group. In the presence of fine particles, neutrophils from asthmatic patients showed an increased tendency to generate reactive oxygen species after stimulation with fine particles (PM2.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that asthmatic patients have higher oxidation of plasmatic lipids due to reduced antioxidant defense. Furthermore, fine particles tended to increase the respiratory burst of blood human neutrophils from the asthmatic group.On the whole, increased myeloperoxidase activity and susceptibility to lipoperoxidation with a concomitant decrease in paraoxonase activity in asthmatic patients could favor lung infection and hence disrupt the control of asthmatic crises.
authors: Departamento de Investigacion en Bioquimica y Medicina Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosio Villegas, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico.
authors: Martha Patricia
authors: MP
authors: Sierra-Vargas
authors: Departamento de Investigacion en Bioquimica y Medicina Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosio Villegas, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico.
authors: Alberto Martin
authors: AM
authors: Guzman-Grenfell
authors: Direccion de Investigacion Experimental en Contaminacion Atmosferica, Centro Nacional de Investigacion y Capacitacion Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Ecologia, Mexico.
authors: Salvador
authors: S
authors: Blanco-Jimenez
authors: Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, 09340, Mexico.
authors: Jose David
authors: JD
authors: Sepulveda-Sanchez
authors: Direccion de Investigacion Experimental en Contaminacion Atmosferica, Centro Nacional de Investigacion y Capacitacion Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Ecologia, Mexico.
authors: Rosa Maria
authors: RM
authors: Bernabe-Cabanillas
authors: Direccion de Investigacion Experimental en Contaminacion Atmosferica, Centro Nacional de Investigacion y Capacitacion Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Ecologia, Mexico.
authors: Beatriz
authors: B
authors: Cardenas-Gonzalez
authors: Laboratorio Interdisciplinario Seccion de Postgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, DF, Mexico.
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: Ceballos
authors: Departamento de Investigacion en Bioquimica y Medicina Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosio Villegas, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico.
authors: Juan Jose
authors: JJ
authors: Hicks