title: Effect of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitors BCX 2798 and BCX 2855 on growth and pathogenicity of Sendai/human parainfluenza type 3 chimera virus in mice.
abstract: Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV-3) is a major respiratory tract pathogen that affects young children, but no vaccines or antiviral drugs against it have yet been developed. We developed a mouse model to evaluate the efficacies of the novel parainfluenza virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) inhibitors BCX 2798 and BCX 2855 against a recombinant Sendai virus (rSeV) in which the fusion (F) and HN surface glycoproteins (FHN) were replaced by those of hPIV-3 [rSeV(hPIV-3FHN)]. In the prophylaxis model, 129X1/SvJ mice were infected with a 90% or 20% lethal dose of the virus and were treated intranasally for 5 days with 10 mg/kg of body weight/day of either compound starting 4 h before infection. Prophylactic treatment of the mice with either compound did not prevent their death in a 90% lethality model of rSeV(hPIV-3FHN) infection. However, it significantly reduced the lung virus titers, the amount of weight lost, and the rate of mortality in mice infected with a 20% lethal virus dose. In the therapy model, mice were infected with a nonlethal dose of the virus (100 PFU/mouse) and were treated intranasally with 1 or 10 mg/kg/day of either compound for 5 days starting at 24 or 48 h postinfection. Treatment of the mice with either compound significantly reduced the virus titer in the lungs, subsequently causing a reduction in the number of immune cells and the levels of cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and histopathologic changes in the airways. Our results indicate that BCX 2798 and BCX 2855 are effective inhibitors of hPIV-3 HN in our mouse model and may be promising candidates for the prophylaxis and treatment of hPIV-3 infection in humans.
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA.
authors: Makiko
authors: M
authors: Watanabe
authors: Vasiliy P
authors: VP
authors: Mishin
authors: Scott A
authors: SA
authors: Brown
authors: Charles J
authors: CJ
authors: Russell
authors: Kelli
authors: K
authors: Boyd
authors: Y Sudhakara
authors: YS
authors: Babu
authors: Garry
authors: G
authors: Taylor
authors: Xiaoping
authors: X
authors: Xiong
authors: Xiaowei
authors: X
authors: Yan
authors: Allen
authors: A
authors: Portner
authors: Irina V
authors: IV
authors: Alymova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001386:Azides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D005260:Female; D000882:Haplorhini; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D029082:Sendai virus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C486445:4-dichloromethanesulfonylamino-2,3-didehydro-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxyglycerogalacto-2-nonulopyranosic acid; C486444:4-zido-5-isobutyrylamino-2,3-didehydro-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxyglycerogalacto-2-nonulopyranosic acid; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001386:Azides; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D013449:Sulfonamides