title: A systematic review of the effect of moderate intensity exercise on function and disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an idiopathic disease of adults affecting upper and lower motor neurons. In one to four years, progressive weakness, spasticity, and respiratory insufficiency compromise independence and survival. Current medical treatment is limited to medication and supportive care. The benefit and harm of moderate physical exercise are controversial. This review examined current research related to moderate exercise for maintaining independence without accelerating disease progression in persons with ALS.
  
  
  METHODS
  An evidence-based search was conducted using keywords alone and in combination (ALS, exercise, Lou Gehrig's disease, physical therapy) to search PubMed, PEDro, Hooked on Evidence, Ovid, and Cochrane databases. Human and animal models were included and graded on level of evidence and strength of recommendations for developing guidelines to practice. A secondary reviewer evaluated all selected studies, and statistics were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search yielded the following nine studies: four small clinical studies, one clinical systematic review, and four randomized, controlled trials based on animal models. In human studies, there were small to moderate effect sizes supporting the benefit of moderate exercise in persons with early-stage ALS, with no adverse affects on disease progression or survival time. In transgenic mice with superoxide dismutase-1 ALS, moderate exercise most often had a moderate effect size for increasing life span.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large randomized clinical trials are needed to develop specific exercise guidelines. However, evidence suggests that moderate exercise is not associated with adverse outcomes in persons with early-stage ALS. Moderate exercise programs can be safely adapted to abilities, interests, specific response to exercise, accessibility, and family support.
authors: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, UCSF/SFSU Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, San Francisco, California, USA. luia@ucsfmedctr.org
authors: Andrew J
authors: AJ
authors: Lui
authors: Nancy N
authors: NN
authors: Byl
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans