title: Analysis of multigenerational families with thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections due to TGFBR1 or TGFBR2 mutations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutations in the transforming growth factor beta receptor type I and II genes (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2) cause Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), characterised by thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD), aneurysms and dissections of other arteries, craniosynostosis, cleft palate/bifid uvula, hypertelorism, congenital heart defects, arterial tortuosity, and mental retardation. TGFBR2 mutations can also cause TAAD in the absence of features of LDS in large multigenerational families, yet only sporadic LDS cases or parent-child pairs with TGFBR1 mutations have been reported to date.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors identified TGFBR1 missense mutations in multigenerational families with TAAD by DNA sequencing. Clinical features of affected individuals were assessed and compared with clinical features of previously described TGFBR2 families.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analyses of the clinical features of the TGFBR1 cohort (n = 30) were compared with clinical features of TGFBR2 cohort (n = 77). Significant differences were identified in clinical presentation and survival based on gender in TGFBR1 families but not in TGFBR2 families. In families with TGFBR1 mutations, men died younger than women based on Kaplan-Meier survival curves. In addition, men presented with TAAD and women often presented with dissections and aneurysms of arteries other than the ascending thoracic aorta. The data also suggest that individuals with TGFBR2 mutations are more likely to dissect at aortic diameters <5.0 cm than individuals with TGFBR1 mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to demonstrate clinical differences between patients with TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 mutations. These differences are important for the clinical management and outcome of vascular diseases in these patients.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Tran-Fadulu
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Pannu
authors: D H
authors: DH
authors: Kim
authors: G W
authors: GW
authors: Vick
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Lonsford
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Lafont
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Boccalandro
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Smart
authors: K L
authors: KL
authors: Peterson
authors: J Zenger
authors: JZ
authors: Hain
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Willing
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Coselli
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: LeMaire
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Ahn
authors: P H
authors: PH
authors: Byers
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Milewicz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000235:genetics*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000235:genetics*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010375:Pedigree; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; C000625841:TGFBR1 protein, human