title: High-avidity autoreactive CD4+ T cells induce host CTL, overcome T(regs) and mediate tumor destruction.
abstract: Despite progress made over the past 25 years, existing immunotherapies have limited clinical effectiveness in patients with cancer. Immune tolerance consistently blunts the generated immune response, and the largely solitary focus on CD8+ T cell immunity has proven ineffective in the absence of CD4+ T cell help. To address these twin-tier deficiencies, we developed a translational model of melanoma immunotherapy focused on the exploitation of high-avidity CD4+ T cells that become generated in germline antigen-deficient mice. We had previously identified a tyrosinase-related protein-1 specific HLA-DRB1*0401-restricted epitope. Using this epitope in conjunction with a newly described tyrosinase-related protein-1 germline-knockout, we demonstrate that endogenous tyrosinase-related protein-1 expression alters the functionality of the autoreactive T cell repertoire. More importantly, we show, by using major histocompatibility complex-mismatched combinations, that CD4+ T cells derived from the self-antigen deficient host indirectly triggers the eradication of established B16 lung metastases. We demonstrate that the treatment effect is mediated entirely by endogenous CD8+ T cells and is not affected by the depletion of host regulatory T cells. These findings suggest that high-avidity CD4+ T cells can overcome endogenous conditions and mediate their antitumor effects exclusively through the elicitation of CD8+ T cell immunity.
authors: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, and the Walther Oncology Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: Andrew G
authors: AG
authors: Brandmaier
authors: Wolfgang W
authors: WW
authors: Leitner
authors: Sung P
authors: SP
authors: Ha
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Sidney
authors: Nicholas P
authors: NP
authors: Restifo
authors: Christopher E
authors: CE
authors: Touloukian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000276:immunology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D000939:Epitopes; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; C553505:HLA-DRB1*04:01 antigen; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C064056:tyrosinase-related protein-1