title: Psychosocial modulators of angina response to myocardial ischemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although angina is often caused by atherosclerotic obstruction of the coronary arteries, patients with similar amounts of myocardial ischemia may vary widely in their symptoms. We sought to compare clinical and psychosocial characteristics associated with more frequent angina after adjusting for the amount of inducible ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2004 to 2006, 788 consecutive patients undergoing single-photon emission computed tomography stress perfusion imaging at 2 Seattle hospitals were assessed for their frequency of angina over the previous 4 weeks with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire and for a broad range of psychosocial characteristics. Among patients with demonstrable ischemia on single-photon emission computed tomography (summed difference score >or=2; n=191), angina frequency was categorized as none (Seattle Angina Questionnaire score=100; n=68), monthly (score=61 to 99; n=66), and weekly or daily (score=0 to 60; n=57). Using multivariable ordinal logistic regression, increasing angina was significantly associated with a history of coronary revascularization (odds ratio 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 4.19), anxiety (odds ratio 4.72, 95% confidence interval 1.91 to 11.66), and depression (odds ratio 3.12, 95% confidence interval 1.45 to 6.69) after adjustment for the amount of inducible ischemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with a similar burden of inducible ischemia, a history of coronary revascularization and current anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with more frequent angina. These results support the study of angina treatment strategies that aim to reduce psychosocial distress in conjunction with efforts to lessen myocardial ischemia.
authors: Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA.
authors: Suzanne V
authors: SV
authors: Arnold
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Spertus
authors: Paul S
authors: PS
authors: Ciechanowski
authors: Laurie A
authors: LA
authors: Soine
authors: Kier
authors: K
authors: Jordan-Keith
authors: James H
authors: JH
authors: Caldwell
authors: Mark D
authors: MD
authors: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011584:Psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies