title: Three-dimensional echocardiography for assessment of mitral valve stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since the last few years, three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has become an accurate tool for mitral stenosis assessment. We will review the latest developments of 3DE in this matter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Accuracy of 3DE planimetry is superior to the accuracy of the invasive Gorlin's method for mitral valve area (MVA) measurements when a median value obtained from two-dimensional planimetry, pressure half-time, and proximal isovelocity surface area method is used as the gold standard. 3DE improves MVA measurement particularly in less experienced operators compared with experienced operators. 3DE also improves the measurement of MVA in patients with calcific mitral stenosis by means of colour planimetry of the flow stream. Comparison of mitral valve volumes measured by 3DE in patients with critical and without critical stenosis has shown significantly larger volumes in patients with critical stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently, there is sufficient evidence that 3DE is superior to two-dimensional echocardiography and may be routinely used in the quantification of the MVA in mitral stenosis. In the coming years, 3DE might replace Gorlin's method as the gold standard for MVA quantification and may eventually make cardiac catheterization unnecessary.
authors: Unidad de Imagen Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. jzamorano.hcsc@salud.madrid.org
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Zamorano
authors: Jose Alberto
authors: JA
authors: de Agustín
mesh_terms: D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004452:Echocardiography; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*