Prophylaxis and therapy for Chikungunya virus infection.
BACKGROUND
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a recently reemerged arbovirus responsible for a massive outbreak of infection in the Indian Ocean region and India that has a very significant potential to spread globally because of the worldwide distribution of its mosquito vectors. CHIKV induces a usually self-limited disease in humans that is characterized by fever, arthralgia, myalgia, and rash; however, cases of severe CHIKV infection have recently been described, particularly in adults with underlying condition and neonates born to viremic mothers.


METHODS
Human polyvalent immunoglobulins were purified from plasma samples obtained from donors in the convalescent phase of CHIKV infection, and the preventive and curative effects of these immunoglobulins were investigated in 2 mouse models of CHIKV infection that we developed.


RESULTS
CHIKV immunoglobulins contain anti-CHIKV antibodies and exhibit a high in vitro neutralizing activity and a powerful prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against CHIKV infection in vivo, including in the neonate.


CONCLUSIONS
Administration of CHIKV immunoglobulins may constitute a safe and efficacious prevention strategy and treatment for individuals exposed to CHIKV who are at risk of severe infection, such as neonates born to viremic mothers and adults with underlying conditions. These results provide a proof-of-concept for purifying human immunoglobulins from plasma samples from patients in the convalescent phase of an emerging infectious disease for which neither prevention nor treatment is available.
Couderc
Thérèse
T
Groupe Microorganismes et Barrières de l'Hôte and Unité Interactions Moléculaires Flavivirus-Hôtes, Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Avenir U604, and Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
Khandoudi
Nassirah
N
Grandadam
Marc
M
Visse
Catherine
C
Gangneux
Nicolas
N
Bagot
Sébastien
S
Prost
Jean-François
JF
Lecuit
Marc
M
D000328:Adult; D018354:Alphavirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D002646:Chikungunya virus; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D017471:Receptors, Interferon / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
D007136:Immunoglobulins; D017471:Receptors, Interferon; D014765:Viral Vaccines