title: Direct, real-time monitoring of superoxide generation in isolated mitochondria.
abstract: Mitochondria are one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammalian cells. The generation of ROS underlies many physiological and pathophysiological processes that occur within cellular systems. Superoxide ([image omitted] ) is the proximal ROS generated during electron 'leakage' from the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) and is known to be released at mitochondrial complex I and complex III. Monitoring mitochondrial [image omitted] production directly and in real-time offers the potential to improve understanding of the complex mechanisms involved during mitochondrial [image omitted] generation. This study reports the novel application of a cytochrome c functionalized amperometric sensor for monitoring [image omitted] generation in isolated mitochondrial fractions. The non-invasive sensor system described allowed a comparison of [image omitted] production following specific inhibition of complex I and complex III of the mETC to be made directly and in real-time.
authors: Diagnostic & Therapeutic Technologies, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: Henderson
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Swalwell
authors: Sarahjayne
authors: S
authors: Boulton
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Manning
authors: Calum J
authors: CJ
authors: McNeil
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Birch-Machin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000968:Antimycin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards; D002138:Calibration; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006046:Gold; D006801:Humans; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D007700:Kinetics; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D012402:Rotenone / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019820:Xanthine / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D012402:Rotenone; D013481:Superoxides; D019820:Xanthine; D000968:Antimycin A; D006046:Gold; D045304:Cytochromes c; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III