Change in mean height of Thai military recruits from 1972 through 2006.
BACKGROUND
Records in Western countries reveal that adult height has been increasing over the last 250 years. These height gains have been biologically associated with healthier childhoods, less illness, and longer life spans-a health-risk transition. To measure such progress in Thailand we studied height change over the last 3 decades.


METHODS
We analyzed height records for 33 000 21-year-old male military recruits, sampling 1000 per year from 1972 through 2006. We compared the height trend in Thailand to those noted in Europe, and discuss the former in the context of improvements in living circumstances in Thailand.


RESULTS
Over 35 years, mean height increased from 164.4 to 169.2 cm, an increment of nearly 5 cm. The height increase was negligible in the first decade (1972-1981), but substantially accelerated after that. In the period after 1990 the increase exceeded 3 cm. A similar overall height gain in Britain occurred over a much longer period (1750-1886).


CONCLUSIONS
The increase in height among Thai men is biological evidence that a Thai health-risk transition-defined by both changing risks and outcomes-is well underway for height. Military recruits born during the 1960s through the 1980s had progressively healthier childhoods. Over this period child nutrition improved, infection and mortality rates declined, and preventive health services expanded. The combined effect of these factors is indicated by the increased adult height of Thai military recruits.
Seubsman
Sam-ang
SA
School of Human Ecology and Thai Health Promotion Centre, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
Sleigh
Adrian C
AC
D001827:Body Height; D004777:Environment; D019456:Health Transition; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult