title: Quantitative contrast-enhanced perfusion measurements of the human lung using the prebolus approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for quantification of pulmonary blood flow (PBF) and blood volume (PBV) using the prebolus approach and to compare the results to the global lung perfusion (GLP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven volunteers were examined by applying different contrast agent doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mL gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid [Gd-DTPA]), using a saturation-recovery (SR) true fast imaging with steady precession (TrueFISP) sequence. PBF and PBV were determined for single bolus and prebolus. Region of interest (ROI) evaluation was performed and parameter maps were calculated. Additionally, cardiac output (CO) and lung volume were determined and GLP was calculated as a contrast agent-independent reference value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prebolus results showed good agreement with low-dose single-bolus and GLP: PBF (mean +/- SD in units of mL/minute/100 mL) = single bolus 190 +/- 73 (0.5-mL dose) and 193 +/- 63 (1.0-mL dose); prebolus 192 +/- 70 (1.0-2.0-mL dose) and 165 +/- 52 (1.0-3.0-mL dose); GLP (mL/minute/100 mL) = 187 +/- 34. Higher single-bolus resulted in overestimated values due to arterial input function (AIF) saturation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prebolus approach enables independent determination of appropriate doses for AIF and tissue signal. Using this technique, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from lung parenchyma can be increased, resulting in improved PBF and PBV quantification, which is especially useful for the generation of parameter maps.
authors: Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. oechsner@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Oechsner
authors: Matti
authors: M
authors: Mühlhäusler
authors: Christian O
authors: CO
authors: Ritter
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Weininger
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Beissert
authors: Peter M
authors: PM
authors: Jakob
authors: Meinrad
authors: M
authors: Beer
authors: Dietbert
authors: D
authors: Hahn
authors: Herbert
authors: H
authors: Köstler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA