Prevalence of hypospadias in Italy according to severity, gestational age and birthweight: an epidemiological study.
BACKGROUND
Hypospadias is a congenital displacement of the urethral meatus in male newborns, being either an isolated defect at birth or a sign of sexual development disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence rate of hypospadias in different Districts of Italy, in order to make a comparison with other countries all over the world.


METHODS
We reviewed all the newborns file records (years 2001-2004) in 15 Italian Hospitals.


RESULTS
We found an overall hypospadias prevalence rate of 3.066 +/- 0.99 per 1000 live births (82.48% mild hypospadias, 17.52% moderate-severe). In newborns Small for Gestational Age (birthweight < 10(th )percentile) of any gestational age the prevalence rate of hypospadias was 6.25 per 1000 live births. Performing multivariate logistic regression analysis for different degrees of hypospadias according to severity, being born SGA remained the only risk factor for moderate-severe hypospadias (p = 0.00898) but not for mild forms (p > 0.1).


CONCLUSIONS
In our sample the prevalence of hypospadias results as high as reported in previous European and American studies (3-4 per 1000 live births). Pathogenesis of isolated hypospadias is multifactorial (genetic, endocrine and environmental factors): however, the prevalence rate of hypospadias is higher in infants born small for gestational age than in newborns with normal birth weight.
Ghirri
Paolo
P
Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit - "S. Chiara" Hospital, University of Pisa, Italy.
Scaramuzzo
Rosa T
RT
Bertelloni
Silvano
S
Pardi
Daniela
D
Celandroni
Amerigo
A
Cocchi
Guido
G
Danieli
Roberto
R
De Santis
Luisa
L
Di Stefano
Maria C
MC
Gerola
Orietta
O
Giuffrè
Mario
M
Gragnani
Giuseppe S
GS
Magnani
Cinzia
C
Meossi
Cristiano
C
Merusi
Ilaria
I
Sabatino
Giuseppe
G
Tumini
Stefano
S
Corsello
Giovanni
G
Boldrini
Antonio
A