title: Pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate and dienogest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a combined oral contraceptive (OC) containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG) administered according to a four-phasic dosing regimen with an oestrogen step-down and a progestin step-up over 26 days of active treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This Phase I, open-label study included healthy women aged 18-50 years. Treatment consisted of the administration of E2V 3 mg for 2 days, E2V 2 mg/DNG 2 mg for 5 days, E2V 2 mg/DNG 3 mg for 17 days, E2V 1 mg for 2 days, and placebo for 2 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmacokinetic data were analysed in 15 women. Stable E2 concentrations were maintained throughout the study. Minimum mean serum E2 levels were 33.6-64.7 pg/ml during E2V administration. The ratio of oestrone:E2 in serum was approximately 5:1. Minimum mean serum DNG levels were 6.8-15.1 ng/ml during DNG administration. Minimum concentrations of DNG increased only slightly during each phase of the regimen during which DNG was being administered. On day 24 the geometric mean C(max), C(ave) and t((1/2)) of DNG were 82.9 ng/ml, 33.7 ng/ml and 12.2 hours, respectively; the median t(max) was 1.5 hours. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations increased by 40% (within the normal range). Cortisol binding-globulin levels remained almost unchanged. Treatment was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with an OC containing E2V and DNG was well tolerated and was associated with stable E2 concentrations over 28 days. The pharmacokinetics of DNG were consistent with previous findings. Minimum serum concentrations of DNG increased only slightly during phases of the regimen during which DNG was administered.
authors: Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin 13342, Germany. susan.zeun@bayerhealthcare.com
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Zeun
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Lu
authors: Alkaz
authors: A
authors: Uddin
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Zeiler
authors: Dennis
authors: D
authors: Morrison
authors: Hartmut
authors: H
authors: Blode
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004958:Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D004338:Drug Combinations; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; C027091:cortisol binding globulin; C023635:dienogest; D004958:Estradiol; D009277:Nandrolone