title: The efficacy of iron chelator regimes in reducing cardiac and hepatic iron in patients with thalassaemia major: a clinical observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Available iron chelation regimes in thalassaemia may achieve different changes in cardiac and hepatic iron as assessed by MR. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of four available iron chelator regimes in 232 thalassaemia major patients by assessing the rate of change in repeated measurements of cardiac and hepatic MR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the heart, deferiprone and the combination of deferiprone and deferoxamine significantly reduced cardiac iron at all levels of iron loading. As patients were on deferasirox for a shorter time, a second analysis ("Initial interval analysis") assessing the change between the first two recorded MR results for both cardiac and hepatic iron (minimum interval 12 months) was made. Combination therapy achieved the most rapid fall in cardiac iron load at all levels and deferiprone alone was significantly effective with moderate and mild iron load. In the liver, deferasirox effected significant falls in iron load and combination therapy resulted in the most rapid decline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the knowledge of the efficacy of the different available regimes and the specific iron load in the heart and the liver, appropriate tailoring of chelation therapy should allow clearance of iron. Combination therapy is best in reducing both cardiac and hepatic iron, while monotherapy with deferiprone or deferasirox are effective in the heart and liver respectively. The outcomes of this study may be useful to physicians as to the chelation they should prescribe according to the levels of iron load found in the heart and liver by MR.
authors: Thalassaemia Unit, First Department of Paediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia"Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. plomari@hol.gr
authors: Vasilios
authors: V
authors: Berdoukas
authors: Giorgos
authors: G
authors: Chouliaras
authors: Panagiotis
authors: P
authors: Moraitis
authors: Kirykos
authors: K
authors: Zannikos
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Berdoussi
authors: Vassilios
authors: V
authors: Ladis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000077543:Deferiprone; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011728:Pyridones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D011728:Pyridones; D000077543:Deferiprone; D007501:Iron; D003676:Deferoxamine