title: Neuroblastoma in Turkish children: experience of a single center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The survival of the patients with neuroblastoma has improved in last few decades. But still it depends on various clinical and biological factors. To assess the clinical features and trends in survival, the data for 500 newly diagnosed patients between January 1972 and December 2004 from a single center were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathologic subtypes were neuroblastoma (NBL) in 462 patients (92.4%) and ganglioneuroblastoma in 38 patients (7.6%). The median age was 2.9 years and Male/Female ratio was 1.3/1. Primary tumor sites were abdomen, thorax, pelvis, neck, and others with the frequency of 72.2%, 14.9%, 3.8%, 3.2%, and 5.9%, respectively. There were 30, 49, 133, 257, 31 patients with stage 1, 2, 3, 4, 4S disease and their 10-year survival rates were 100%, 75.8%, 34.1%, 6.5%, and 59.4%, respectively. The outcome has significantly improved according to 10-year periods. The 5-year overall survival rates were 14%, 26.1%, 39.2%, and 52.4% for the years of 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and after 2000. Surgical procedure involving total or near total tumor removal improved the survival (P=0.002). Both 5-year overall survival and event free survival rates were higher when partial resection was performed, especially in stage 3 disease (P=0.002 and P=0.02). In multivariate analysis, age above 18 months at diagnosis (P=0.01), stage 4 disease (P<0.001), abdominal primary tumor site (P<0.001), NBL subtype in histopathology (P=0.001), responsiveness to chemotherapy (P<0.001) positive or high Vanillyl mandelic acid levels (P=0.02) and male sex (P=0.008) were the determinants of poor prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The survival rates in children with local disease are comparable with the results of developed countries; however, the results in children with advanced disease are still not satisfactory. To improve the outcome, especially in children with advanced disease, more effective chemotherapy regimens and molecular therapies should be investigated. Sharing the knowledge and capacity building to improve the treatment results in NBL are also critical for developing countries.
authors: Department of Pediatric Oncology, S. B. Ankara Diskapi Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Guzide Burça
authors: GB
authors: Aydn
authors: M Tezer
authors: MT
authors: Kutluk
authors: Bilgehan
authors: B
authors: Yalçn
authors: Münevver
authors: M
authors: Büyükpamukçu
authors: Gülsev
authors: G
authors: Kale
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Varan
authors: Canan
authors: C
authors: Akyüz
authors: Mehmet Emin
authors: ME
authors: Senocak
authors: Nebil
authors: N
authors: Büyükpamukçu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014421:Turkey