Aspects relevant for functioning in patients with ankylosing spondylitis according to the health professionals: a Delphi study with the ICF as reference.
OBJECTIVE
In AS there is no agreed definition of which aspects are important when describing functioning. This limits the possibility to classify, evaluate and investigate the consequences of the disease. This study aimed to achieve consensus among health professionals on which aspects of functioning are typical and relevant for AS patients using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as reference.


METHODS
An international Delphi study through e-mail was performed among different health professions. Answers to open questions on areas relevant for functioning in the first round were linked to ICF categories and analysed in the two following two rounds for the degree of consensus.


RESULTS
Of the 267 experts invited, 126 agreed to participate and 74 participated in all rounds; 28 were rheumatologists, 6 rheumatology nurses, 24 physiotherapists, 2 occupational therapists, 4 psychologists, 8 rehabilitation physicians and 2 social workers. More than 80% agreement was reached on 141 ICF categories, of which 30 (21%) were part of Body functions; 27 (19%) of Body structures; 56 (40%) of Activities and Participation; and 28 (20%) of Environmental factors. In addition, two Personal factors-illness knowledge and coping-were agreed upon.


CONCLUSIONS
141 ICF categories and two personal factors represent the reference of functioning in AS from the perspective of health professional. The largest number of categories concerned restrictions in activities. Also, the impact of AS on participation in life situations and the role of environmental factors were underscored. This broadens the view on functioning in AS and has implications for future research into functioning.
Boonen
Annelies
A
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands. a.boonen@mumc.nl
van Berkel
Monique
M
Kirchberger
Inge
I
Cieza
Alarcos
A
Stucki
Gerald
G
van der Heijde
Désirée
D
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D003697:Delphi Technique; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012219:Rheumatology; D012648:Self Care; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000503:physiopathology*