title: Caspase-3 is activated and rapidly released from human umbilical vein endothelial cells in response to lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: Endothelial cell injury/dysfunction is considered to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis and septic shock. Although it is considered that endothelial cell apoptosis is involved in endothelial injury/dysfunction, physiological involvement remains ambiguous since the induction of apoptosis requires the inhibition of endogenous apoptosis inhibitors. Here we show that caspase-3 activation, a biological indicator of apoptosis, is observed in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation even under the influence of endogenous apoptosis inhibitors, and that activated caspase-3 is rapidly released from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In the presence of cycloheximide (CHX), an increase in intracellular caspase-3/7 activity in response to LPS was not detected in HUVEC up to 24 h following stimulation even in the presence of LPS-binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 and soluble MD-2, whereas the decrease in cell viability and increase in release of the cellular enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were observed in a soluble CD14/LBP-dependent manner. On the other hand, even in the absence of CHX, a significant increase in caspase-3/7 activity and a cleaved caspase-3 fragment with a slight increase in LDH release was observed in culture supernatants in response to LPS. This increase in caspase-3/7 activity was observed even when LDH release was undetected. These results indicate that caspase-3 is activated by LPS under physiological conditions and suggest that HUVEC escape from cell death by rapidly releasing activated caspase-3 into extracellular space. Failure of this escape mechanism may result in endothelial injury/dysfunction.
authors: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
authors: Toshikazu
authors: T
authors: Shioiri
authors: Masashi
authors: M
authors: Muroi
authors: Fumihiko
authors: F
authors: Hatao
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Nishida
authors: Toshihisa
authors: T
authors: Ogawa
authors: Yoshikazu
authors: Y
authors: Mimura
authors: Yasuyuki
authors: Y
authors: Seto
authors: Michio
authors: M
authors: Kaminishi
authors: Ken-Ichi
authors: K
authors: Tanamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D013997:Time Factors; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7