title: Acquiring and maintaining competence in the application of extrication cervical collars by a group of first responders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research on skill acquisition and retention in the prehospital setting has focused primarily on resuscitation and defibrillation. Investigation into other first aid skills is required in order to validate practices and support training regimes. No studies have investigated competency using an extrication cervical collar for cervical spine immobilization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to confirm that a group of first responders could acquire and maintain competency in the application of an extrication cervical collar over a 12-month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants attended a standardized training session that addressed the theory of application of an extrication cervical collar followed by hands-on practice. The training was presented by the same instructor and covered the nine key elements necessary in order to be deemed competent in extraction cervical collar application. Following the practical session, the competency of the participants was assessed. Participants were requested not to practice the skill during the 12-month period. Following the 12-month period, their skills were re-assessed by the same assessor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 64 subjects who participated in the study, 100% were competent after the initial first assessment. Forty-one participants (64%) were available for the second assessment (12 months later); of these, 25 (61%) maintained competence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the sample size was small, this research demonstrates that first responders are able to acquire competence in applying an extrication cervical collar. However, skill retention in the absence of usage or re-training is poor. Larger studies should be conducted to validate these results. In addition, there is a need for research on the clinical practice and outcomes associated with spinal immobilization in the prehospital setting.
authors: St. John Ambulance Australia SA Inc, 85 Edmund Ave, Unley, South Australia, Australia 5061. coltri@bigpond.com
authors: Colin J
authors: CJ
authors: Ireland
authors: Kathryn M
authors: KM
authors: Zeitz
authors: Franklin H G
authors: FH
authors: Bridgewater
mesh_terms: D001915:Braces; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000592:standards*; D013021:South Australia; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis