title: Potentiation of murine innate immunity by alpha-galacturonosyl-type glycosphingolipids isolated from Sphingomonas yanoikuyae and S. terrae.
abstract: Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are components of the outer membrane of Sphingomonas species, commonly classified into two types, alpha-glucuronosyl ceramide (alpha-GlcACer) and alpha-galacturonosyl ceramide (alpha-GalACer), respectively. GSL-7 from S. yanoikuyae and GSL-13 from S. terrae, with alpha-GalACer-type structure, possess dihydrosphingosine but with a different ratio of C21cyclopropane to C20:1, while other parts remain similar. We therefore examined if this difference in the ratio of C21cyclopropane to C20:1 in the two ceramides may influence activation of, not only invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, but also other cells involved in innate immunity. GSL-7 with a large proportion of C21cyclopropane induced stronger activation of iNKT cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages than GSL-13 with a large proportion of C20:1. The results show that a higher ratio of C21cyclopropane to C20:1 in the dihydrosphingosine molecule allows a more optimal activation of iNKT cells and other cell types.
authors: Department of Biosciences, School and Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Kubota
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Takimoto
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Kaneko
authors: Joe
authors: J
authors: Inoue
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Kumazawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006028:Glycosphingolipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D055611:Natural Killer T-Cells / Q000276:immunology; D020578:Sphingomonas; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D006028:Glycosphingolipids; D007155:Immunologic Factors