title: Dietary habits of firstly admitted Spanish COPD patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We described dietary habits in a Spanish sample of COPD patients and assessed its adequacy according to dietary recommendations, which so far have never been published.
  
  
  METHODS
  275 patients hospitalized for the first time for a COPD exacerbation in Spain answered a 122-item food frequency questionnaire on their last 2 years dietary habits. A Spanish food composition table was used to estimate nutrient intake. Adequacy of dietary intakes was assessed using the Spanish Nutrition Society guidelines for the elderly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean(SD) age was 68(8)years, 93% males, 32% current smokers, and post-bronchodilator FEV(1) 53(16)% predicted. Mean(SD) body mass index was 28(5)kg/m2, with only 2% of subjects under 20kg/m2. Mean intake of meat, poultry and eggs was slightly higher (mean 108g/d) than recommended. Fish and shellfish (86g/d) as well as fruit and vegetables (567g/d) were adequate. Mean energy intake was 2033kcal/d. The proportion of energy from carbohydrates was lower (39%) whereas that from proteins and lipids were higher than recommended (20% and 35%, respectively). Alcohol intake was <30g in 80% of patients. Fatty acids, vitamin and mineral intakes were adequate, except for a deficiency in vitamin D (4.5microg/d). Stratification by socio-demographic and clinical characteristics showed very similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate-to-severe Spanish COPD patients report an adequate intake of the main food groups and macro- and micro-nutrients according to local recommendations, excepting vitamin D.
authors: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. jgarcia@creal.cat
authors: Jordi
authors: J
authors: de Batlle
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Romieu
authors: Josep M
authors: JM
authors: Antó
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Mendez
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Rodríguez
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Balcells
authors: Antoni
authors: A
authors: Ferrer
authors: Joaquim
authors: J
authors: Gea
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Rodriguez-Roisin
authors: Judith
authors: J
authors: Garcia-Aymerich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology