title: Autonomic and cardiovascular effects of acute high altitude exposure after myocardial infarction and in normal volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High sympathetic tone creates a significant risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death, which can especially affect patients after a myocardial infarction (MI) when exercising in a hypoxic environment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 16 patients after MI and 10 normal volunteers (NV) underwent a 1-day trip from low altitude (540 m, Bern) to high altitude (3,564 m Jungfraujoch, Swiss Alps). Autonomic function under resting and mental stress conditions at low and high altitude was assessed. MI patients demonstrated a significantly lower stroke volume (P<0.05) at rest compared with the NV at low as well as high altitude. High altitude exposure was accompanied by higher low-frequency/high-frequency values in the MI patients compared with NV (P<0.01). Following mental stress, MI patients failed to show the normal return to resting values at high altitude, suggesting sustained sympathetic and diminished parasympathetic activation during post-stress recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although all MI patients were either on beta-blockers or AII inhibitors, they showed higher sympathetic activity during exposure to high altitude compared with NV. In addition, the respective parasympathetic tone was reduced, especially during recovery. This puts patients after MI at an increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias and they should be advised of this if going to high altitudes.
authors: Autonomic Laboratory; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: Nadine
authors: N
authors: Messerli-Burgy
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Meyer
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Steptoe
authors: Kurt
authors: K
authors: Laederach-Hofmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000532:Altitude Sickness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D012146:Rest; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology