Hypoxia-induced expression of carbonic anhydrase 9 is dependent on the unfolded protein response.
Adaptation to tumor hypoxia is mediated in large part by changes in protein expression. These are driven by multiple pathways, including activation of the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcription factor and the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase PERK, a component of the unfolded protein response. Through gene expression profiling we discovered that induction of the HIF-1 target gene CA9 was defective in mouse embryo fibroblasts derived from mice harboring an eIF2alpha S51A knock-in mutation. This finding was confirmed in two isogenic human cell lines with an engineered defect in eIF2alpha phosphorylation. We show that impaired CA9 expression was not due to changes in HIF activity or CA9 mRNA stability. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation we show that the eIF2alpha-dependent translationally regulated gene ATF4 binds directly to the CA9 promoter and is associated with loss of the transcriptional repressive histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation mark. Loss or overexpression of ATF4 confirmed its role in CA9 induction during hypoxia. Our data indicate that expression of CA9 is regulated through both the HIF-1 and unfolded protein response hypoxia response pathways in vitro and in vivo.
van den Beucken
Twan
T
Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro Lab), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Koritzinsky
Marianne
M
Niessen
Hanneke
H
Dubois
Ludwig
L
Savelkouls
Kim
K
Mujcic
Hilda
H
Jutten
Barry
B
Kopacek
Juraj
J
Pastorekova
Sylvia
S
van der Kogel
Albert J
AJ
Lambin
Philippe
P
Voncken
Willem
W
Rouschop
Kasper M A
KM
Wouters
Bradly G
BG
D051701:Activating Transcription Factor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017510:Protein Folding; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
D051701:Activating Transcription Factor 4; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D006657:Histones; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase; C497109:ATF4 protein, human; C081452:Atf4 protein, mouse; C089226:CA9 protein, human