title: Drug transporters are altered in brain, liver and kidney of rats with chronic epilepsy induced by lithium-pilocarpine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pharmacoresistance is a common problem hindering treatment of epilepsy. A possible cause for this resistance is the overexpression of efflux drug transporters, e.g. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which may decrease extracellular antiepileptic drugs levels in brains of intractable epilepsy patients. Another transmembrane drug transporter is the organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (Oatp2), which is colocalized with P-gp in many polarized tissues. However, a role for Oatp2 in the development of multidrug resistance has not been established. In the present work, we investigated the expression of drug transporters Oatp2 and P-gp in brain, liver and kidney of rats with chronic epilepsy induced by lithium-pilocarpine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronic epilepsy was elicited after status epilepticus (SE) induced by lithium-pilocarpine in adult Wistar rats. Following SE, expression of Oatp2 and P-gp protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis and messenger RNA (mRNA) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Levels of the drug transporters were compared in brain, liver and kidney of chronic epileptic and control rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both Oatp2 and P-gp were expressed in the brain, liver and kidney but predominantly in the brain. In the brain, Oatp2 and P-gp immunopositive cells were observed in brain capillary endothelium and choroid plexus epithelium. Compared with control rats, Oatp2 protein expression in brain was significantly decreased, while P-gp was obviously increased in chronic epileptic rats. P-gp mRNA was also significantly higher in brains of chronic epileptic rats, whereas the expression of Oatp2 did not change. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 and P-gp did not change at the mRNA or protein level with epilepsy in the liver or kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 and P-gp colocalized in tissues that are important in drug absorption, metabolism and excretion. Seizures seem to induce the cerebral changes of P-gp and Oatp2. However, the changes of expression of two transporters exhibit the opposite trend. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 might play a different role than P-gp in intractable epilepsy. Our data provide a basis for the assessment of the role of uptake transporters and efflux pumps in the development of intractable epilepsy.
authors: Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Science, Chongqing, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Guo
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002831:Choroid Plexus / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008094:Lithium; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D010862:Pilocarpine; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C503597:Slco1a4 protein, rat; D010862:Pilocarpine; D008094:Lithium