title: Genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter, but not the 2a receptor or nitric oxide synthetase, are associated with pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is prognosti- cally important in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Since PH only weakly correlates with hypoxemia, other factors must play a role.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5HTT), serotonin-2a receptor (5HTR2a) and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) are related to PH in COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 59 COPD patients who underwent right heart catheterization, 6-min walking distance, NYHA functional class, pulmonary function tests, blood gases and 5HTT, 5HTR2a and eNOS (4ab and T298C) polymorphisms were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine COPD patients in NYHA functional class III-IV were included. Ten were excluded due to comorbid causes of PH (mainly chronic thromboembolic). PH (mPAP > or =25 mm Hg) was present in 55% and usually mild, but out of proportion (mPAP > or =40 mm Hg) in 12%. Patients with PH had significantly higher frequencies of the 5HTT-L-allele (52%) compared to individuals without PH (36%), and LL homozygote patients had more severe PH. In patients with out-of-proportion PH, the L-allelic frequency was even 75%. We found no association of 5HTR2a and eNOS polymorphism with PH in COPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this COPD cohort we confirm that PH is frequent and usually mild, but out of proportion in a subgroup. We found a significant association of the L-allelic variant of 5HTT with PH overall and especially in out-of-proportion PH. These findings may point towards a role of the serotonin system in COPD-PH and warrant further studies.
authors: Clinics of Internal Medicine and Pulmonology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. silvia.ulrich@usz.ch
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Ulrich
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Hersberger
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Fischler
authors: Yvonne
authors: Y
authors: Nussbaumer-Ochsner
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Treder
authors: Erich W
authors: EW
authors: Russi
authors: Rudolf
authors: R
authors: Speich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications*; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A / Q000235:genetics*; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III