title: Biotransformation of trans-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze).
abstract: trans-1,1,1,3-Tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze) is a non-ozone-depleting fluorocarbon replacement with a low global warming potential and is developed as foam blowing agent. The biotransformation of HFO-1234ze was investigated after inhalation exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to air containing 2000; 10,000; or 50,000 ppm (n=5/concentration) HFO-1234ze. Male B6C3F1 mice were only exposed to 50,000 ppm HFO-1234ze. All inhalation exposures were conducted for 6 h in a dynamic exposure chamber. After the end of the exposures, animals were individually housed in metabolic cages and urines were collected at 6 or 12 h intervals for 48 h. For metabolite identification, urine samples were analyzed by (1)H-coupled and (1)H-decoupled (19)F-NMR and by LC/MS-MS or GC/MS. Metabolites were identified by (19)F-NMR chemical shifts, signal multiplicity, (1)H-(19)F coupling constants and by comparison with synthetic reference compounds. In urine samples of rats exposed to 50,000 ppm HFO-1234ze, the predominant metabolite was S-(3,3,3-trifluoro-trans-propenyl)-mercaptolactic acid and accounted for 66% of all integrated (19)F-NMR signals in urines. No (19)F-NMR signals were found in spectra of rat urine samples collected after inhalation exposure to 2000 or 10,000 ppm HFO-1234ze likely due to insufficient sensitivity. S-(3,3,3-Trifluoro-trans-propenyl)-l-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(3,3,3-trifluoro-trans-propenyl)-l-cysteine and 3,3,3-trifluoropropionic acid were also present as metabolites in urine samples of rats and mice. A presumed amino acid conjugate of 3,3,3-trifluoropropionic acid was the major metabolite of HFO-1234ze in urine samples of mice exposed to 50,000 ppm and related to 18% of total integrated (19)F-NMR signals. Quantification of three metabolites in urines of rats and mice was performed, using LC/MS-MS and GC/MS. The quantified amounts of the metabolites excreted with urine in both mice and rats, suggest only a low extent (<1% of dose received) of biotransformation of HFO-1234ze and 95% of all metabolites were excreted within 18 h after the end of the exposures (t(1/2) app. 6 h). The obtained results suggest that HFO-1234ze is likely subjected to an addition-elimination reaction with glutathione and to a CYP 450 mediated epoxidation at low rates.
authors: Institut für Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Schuster
authors: Rüdiger
authors: R
authors: Bertermann
authors: George M
authors: GM
authors: Rusch
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Dekant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C543583:1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropene; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005978:Glutathione