title: Immunological investigation in the adenoid tissues from children with chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by persistent inflammation and tissue remodeling of the nasal mucosa. Adenoidectomy is an effective surgical treatment in pediatric CRS. To evaluate the effect of pediatric CRS on the severity and characteristics of adenoid inflammation, the authors evaluated the expressions of inflammatory cell activation markers and tissue remodeling in adenoid tissues associated with cytokines tissue-remodeling-associated cytokines in adenoid tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective controlled study on 40 pediatric patients admitting for adenotonsillectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunoassays were performed on adenoid tissues homogenates from 16 children with CRS and from 24 children without CRS to quantify the levels of inflammatory cell activation markers, such as soluble interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble CD23 (sCD23), IL-6, eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), and tryptase, and the levels of cytokines associated with tissue remodeling, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean levels (the ratio to albumin level) of sIL-2R, TGF-beta1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were significantly higher in adenoid tissues of patients with CRS (27.31+/-30.32, 4894.65+/-2388.77, 500.13+/-604.59, and 23.06+/-10.37, respectively) than those without it (16.27+/-10.93, 2635.51+/-1448.63, 120.87+/-321.50, 16.74+/-11.10, and 7.39+/-3.12, respectively; all P<0.05). Regarding the severity of CRS, ECP level was significantly higher in patients with severe CRS than in those with mild to moderate CRS (P=0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adenoid tissues in pediatric CRS patients had higher levels of tissue-remodeling-associated cytokines, which may explain the relationship between pediatric CRS and adenoid inflammation.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Seung-Youp
authors: SY
authors: Shin
authors: Gil-Soon
authors: GS
authors: Choi
authors: Hae-Sim
authors: HS
authors: Park
authors: Kun-Hee
authors: KH
authors: Lee
authors: Sung-Wan
authors: SW
authors: Kim
authors: Joong-Saeng
authors: JS
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000276:immunology*; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000276:immunology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000276:immunology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000276:immunology; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000276:immunology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000276:immunology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000276:immunology; D053802:Tryptases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017455:Receptors, IgE; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein; D053802:Tryptases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9