Cowpox virus infection in pet rat owners: not always immediately recognized.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this article is to make physicians of all specialties aware of the possible variations of clinical course in human cowpox infection. This has been a matter of current interest since the detection of a first cluster of infections among owners of white pet rats in the Krefeld area in the spring of 2008. Two further cases arose in the Krefeld area in November 2008, and there have since been multiple further reports from various regions in Germany and the neighboring countries.


METHODS
The authors report on the first six documented cases of infection with cowpox virus among young persons owning pet rats, with both typical and atypical clinical courses.


RESULTS
The clinical, molecular biological, and serological findings confirmed cowpox virus infection in all six cases. The DNA sequence of the cowpox virus hemagglutinin gene was identical in all patients. The infections had arisen after direct contact with pet rats.


CONCLUSIONS
Molecular genetic analysis of the cases described here suggests that the observed occurrence of cowpox virus infection among human beings and pet rats in multiple geographical areas represents a unitary epidemiological event that has not yet come under control. Further cases can be expected.
Becker
Christian
C
Institut für Hygiene und Laboratoriumsmedizin, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany. christian.becker2@helios-kliniken.de
Kurth
Andreas
A
Hessler
Frank
F
Kramp
Harald
H
Gokel
Michael
M
Hoffmann
Rudolf
R
Kuczka
Annette
A
Nitsche
Andreas
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000821:virology*; D015605:Cowpox / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000635:transmission* / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D015608:Cowpox virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D055815:Young Adult