Approach to the patient with drug allergy.
Drug allergies are adverse drug reactions mediated by the specific immune system. Despite characteristic signs (eg, skin rash) that raise awareness for possible drug allergies, they are great imitators of disease and may hide behind unexpected symptoms. No single standardized diagnostic test can confirm the immune-mediated mechanism or identify the causative drug; therefore, immune-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions and their causative drugs must be recognized by the constellation of exposure, timing, and clinical features including the pattern of organ manifestation. Additional allergologic investigations (skin tests, in vitro tests, provocation tests) may provide help in identifying the possible eliciting drug.
Schnyder
Benno
B
Division of Allergology, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland. benno.schnyder@insel.ch
D000707:Anaphylaxis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000276:immunology; D005076:Exanthema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D005791:Patient Care; D012882:Skin Tests; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology