title: Degradation of DEET by ozonation in aqueous solution.
abstract: This study was undertaken in order to understand the factors affecting the degradation of an insect repellent, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) by ozonation. Kinetic studies on DEET degradation were carried out under different operating conditions, such as varied ozone doses, pH values of solution, initial concentrations of DEET, and solution temperatures. The degradation of DEET by ozonation follows the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The rate of DEET degradation increased exponentially with temperature in the range studied (20-50 degrees C) and in proportion with the dosage of ozone applied. The ozonation of DEET under different pH conditions in the presence of phosphate buffer occurred in two stages. During the first stage, the rate constant, k(obs), increased with increasing pH, whereas in the second stage, the rate constant, k(obs2), increased from pH 2.3 up to 9.9, however, it decreased when the pH value exceeded 9.9. In the case where buffers were not employed, the k(obs) were found to increase exponentially with pH from 2.5 to 9.2 and the ozonation was observed to occur in one stage. The rate of degradation decreased exponentially with the initial concentration of DEET. GC/MS analysis of the by-products from DEET degradation were identified to be N,N-diethyl-formamide, N,N-diethyl-4-methylpent-2-enamide, 4-methylhex-2-enedioic acid, N-ethyl-m-toluamide, N,N-diethyl-o-toluamide, N-acetyl-N-ethyl-m-toluamide, N-acetyl-N-ethyl-m-toluamide 2-(diethylamino)-1-m-tolylethanone and 2-(diethylcarbamoyl)-4-methylhex-2-enedioic acid. These by-products resulted from ozonation of the aliphatic chain as well as the aromatic ring of DEET during the degradation process.
authors: Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Kheng Soo
authors: KS
authors: Tay
authors: Noorsaadah Abd
authors: NA
authors: Rahman
authors: Mhd Radzi Bin
authors: MR
authors: Abas
mesh_terms: D003671:DEET / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D010126:Ozone / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D014867:Water; D003671:DEET; D010126:Ozone