title: Soy consumption and risk of COPD and respiratory symptoms: a case-control study in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the relationship between soy consumption, COPD risk and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, a case-control study was conducted in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 278 eligible patients (244 men and 34 women), aged 50-75 years with COPD diagnosed within the past four years, were referred by respiratory physicians, while 340 controls (272 men and 68 women) were recruited from the community. All participants underwent spirometric measurements of respiratory function. Information on demographics, lifestyle characteristics and habitual food consumption was obtained using a structured questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total soy consumption was positively correlated with observed lung function measures. The mean soy intake was significantly higher among controls (59.98, SD 50.23 g/day) than cases (44.84, SD 28.5 g/day). A significant reduction in COPD risk was evident for highest versus lowest quartile of daily intake of total soybean products, with adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.392, 95% CI 0.194-0.793, p for trend 0.001. Similar decreases in COPD risk were associated with frequent and higher intake of soy foods such as tofu and bean sprouts, whereas respiratory symptoms were inversely associated with high consumption of soy foods, especially for breathlessness (OR 0.989, 95% CI 0.982-0.996).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing soy consumption was associated with a decreased risk of COPD and breathlessness.
authors: School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia. F.Hirayama@curtin.edu.au
authors: Fumi
authors: F
authors: Hirayama
authors: Andy H
authors: AH
authors: Lee
authors: Colin W
authors: CW
authors: Binns
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Hiramatsu
authors: Yoshimasa
authors: Y
authors: Tanikawa
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Nishimura
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Taniguchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D016017:Odds Ratio; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D045730:Soy Foods; D041942:Soy Milk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires