title: Risk of invasive cervical cancer in relation to management of abnormal Pap smear results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the management of women with abnormal cytology in terms of subsequent risk of invasive cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The screening histories of all invasive cervical cancer cases diagnosed in Sweden 1999-2001 and of 5 population-based controls per case were reviewed. In all, 159 patients and 258 control subjects aged < 67 years had an abnormal smear result 0.5-6.5 years prior to cancer diagnosis. The cervical cancer risk was estimated in relation to management by calculating odds ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic assessment of low-grade squamous abnormalities strongly reduced the risk compared to repeated cytology (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.89). Delaying histologic assessment was also associated with a higher risk (odds ratio, 5.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-23.05). After high-grade squamous atypia, absence of any cytologic or histologic specimen was a major determinant of cancer risk (odds ratio, 12.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-infinitive).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For adequate protection against invasive cervical cancer, further assessment with histology must be recommended also for women with low-grade squamous abnormalities.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: Lena
authors: L
authors: Silfverdal
authors: Levent
authors: L
authors: Kemetli
authors: Bengt
authors: B
authors: Andrae
authors: Pär
authors: P
authors: Sparén
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Ryd
authors: Joakim
authors: J
authors: Dillner
authors: Björn
authors: B
authors: Strander
authors: Sven
authors: S
authors: Törnberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*