title: Survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy is not improved by extending resections to achieve negative margins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to determine the survival benefit of extending resections to obtain microscopically negative margins after positive intraoperative frozen sections.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The impact of residual microscopic disease after pancreaticoduodenectomy is currently a point of controversy. It is, however, generally believed that microscopically positive margins negatively impact survival and this may be improved by ultimately achieving negative margins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1995, patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma have been prospectively followed. Margin status has been codified as macro/microscopically negative (R0) or macroscopically negative/microscopically positive (R1). The impact of margin status on survival was evaluated utilizing survival curve analysis. Data are presented as median, mean +/- SD where appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 202 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. R0 resections were achieved in 158 patients, 17 of whom required extended resections to achieve complete tumor extirpation after an initially positive intraoperative frozen section (R1 --> R0). R1 resections were undertaken in 44 patients. Median survival for patients undergoing R0 resections was 21 months, 26 +/- 23.4 months versus 13 months, 17 +/- 21.0 months for patients undergoing R1 resections (P = 0.02). Median survival for patients undergoing R1 --> R0 resections was 11 months, 16 +/- 17.3, (P = 0.001). Margin status had a significant correlation with "N" stage and AJCC stage but not "T" stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy is not improved by extending pancreatic resections to achieve negative margins after initially positive intraoperative frozen sections. Tumor-specific factors beyond the presence of disease at a surgical margin are responsible for the abbreviated survival seen in patients undergoing R1 resections.
authors: Center for Digestive Disorders, Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33601, USA.
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Hernandez
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Mullinax
authors: Whalen
authors: W
authors: Clark
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Toomey
authors: Desiree
authors: D
authors: Villadolid
authors: Connor
authors: C
authors: Morton
authors: Sharona
authors: S
authors: Ross
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Rosemurgy
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D016019:Survival Analysis