title: High-resolution, high-transmission soft x-ray spectrometer for the study of biological samples.
abstract: We present a variable line-space grating spectrometer for soft x-rays that covers the photon energy range between 130 and 650 eV. The optical design is based on the Hettrick-Underwood principle and tailored to synchrotron-based studies of radiation-sensitive biological samples. The spectrometer is able to record the entire spectral range in one shot, i.e., without any mechanical motion, at a resolving power of 1200 or better. Despite its slitless design, such a resolving power can be achieved for a source spot as large as (30 x 3000) microm2, which is important for keeping beam damage effects in radiation-sensitive samples low. The high spectrometer efficiency allows recording of comprehensive two-dimensional resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering (RIXS) maps with good statistics within several minutes. This is exemplarily demonstrated for a RIXS map of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, which was taken within 10 min.
authors: Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik II, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Fuchs
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Weinhardt
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Blum
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Weigand
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Umbach
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bär
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Heske
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Denlinger
authors: Y-D
authors: YD
authors: Chuang
authors: W
authors: W
authors: McKinney
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Hussain
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Gullikson
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Jones
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Batson
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Nelles
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Follath
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004867:Equipment Design; D017785:Photons; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014965:X-Rays