title: The Rengen Grassland experiment: bryophytes biomass and element concentrations after 65 years of fertilizer application.
abstract: The Rengen Grassland Experiment in Germany, established in 1941, consists of the following fertilizer treatments applied under a two cut management: control, Ca, CaN, CaNP, CaNP-KCl, and CaNP-K(2)SO(4). The aim of this study was (1) to identify effects of fertilizer application on biomass and species composition of bryophytes and (2) to investigate the impact of fertilizer application on macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), micro- (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), and toxic (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni) element concentrations in bryophyte biomass. In June 2006, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus was the only bryophyte species recorded in the control. In treatment Ca, R. squarrosus was the dominant bryophyte species whereas Brachythecium rutabulum occurred sporadically only in a single plot of that treatment. The latter was the only bryophyte species collected in CaN, CaNP, CaNP-KCl, and CaNP-K(2)SO(4) treatments. Dry matter accumulation of bryophytes was highest in the control (180 g m(-2)) followed by Ca (46 g m(-2)), CaNP (25 g m(-2)), CaNP-KCl (15 g m(-2)), CaNP-K(2)SO(4) (9 g m(-2)), and CaN (2 g m(-2)) treatments. A negative correlation between biomass production of bryophytes and dry matter production of vascular plants was revealed up to a threshold value of 400 g m(-2). Above this limit, biomass production of bryophytes remained obviously unaffected by further increase in biomass production of vascular plants. A significant effect of treatment on As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, P, Ca, Mg, K, and N concentrations was revealed. Concentrations of these elements were a function of amount of elements supplied with fertilizers. Bryophytes seem to be promising bio-indicators not only for airborne deposition of toxic element but also for fertilizer introduced as well.
authors: Department of Ecology, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21, Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic. hejcman@fzp.czu.cz
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Hejcman
authors: Jirina
authors: J
authors: Száková
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Schellberg
authors: Petr
authors: P
authors: Srek
authors: Pavel
authors: P
authors: Tlustos
authors: Jirí
authors: J
authors: Balík
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D018533:Biomass; D019068:Bryopsida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000633:toxicity*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000254:growth & development; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D012989:Soil Pollutants