title: Hospital cost categories of one-stage versus two-stage management of common bile duct stones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the era of cost-conscious healthcare, hospitals are focusing on costs. Analysis of hospital costs per cost category may provide indications for potential cost-saving measures in the management of common bile duct stones (CBDS) with gallbladder in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2005 and September 2006, 53 consecutive patients suffering from CBDS underwent either a one-stage procedure [laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) with stone clearance and cholecystectomy (LCCE)] or a two-stage procedure [endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy and stone clearance (ERCP/ERS) followed by LCCE]. Costs were defined in different cost categories for each activity centre and were linked to the individual patient via the "bill of activities". Only patients (n = 38) with an uneventful post-procedural course and with available cost data were considered for cost analysis. Total length of hospital stay (LOS) was 2 (0-6) days after one-stage and 8 (3-18) days after two-stage procedure (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Costs per patient were significantly (p < 0.0001) less after one-stage versus two-stage management, i.e. total hospital costs (euro2,636 versus euro4,608), hospitalisation costs (euro701 versus euro2,190), consumables/pharmacy (euro645 versus euro1,476) and para-medical personnel (euro1,035 versus euro1,860; p = 0.0002). Operation room (OR) costs were comparable for one-stage and two-stage management (euro1,278 versus euro1,232; p = 0.280). Total hospital costs during ERCP were euro2,648 (euro729-4,544), during LCCE without LCBDE were euro2,101 (euro1,033-4,269), and during LCCE with LCBDE were euro2,636 (euro1,176-4,235).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the management of patients with CBDS and gallbladder in situ a one-stage procedure is associated with significantly less costs as compared with a two-stage procedure. From the economical point of view these patients should preferably be treated via a one-stage procedure as long as safety and efficacy of this approach are provided.
authors: Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. baki.topal@med.kuleuven.be
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Topal
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Vromman
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Aerts
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Verslype
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Van Steenbergen
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Penninckx
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001530:Belgium; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000191:economics*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000191:economics*; D042883:Choledocholithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D017046:Cost Savings; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000191:economics*; D055815:Young Adult