title: Antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers by modified direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antibacterial effectiveness of 7 different endodontic sealers, AH Plus, Apexit Plus, iRoot SP, Tubli Seal, Sealapex, Epiphany SE, and EndoRez against Enterococcus faecalis was studied in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  A modified direct contact test was used. Bacteria in suspension were exposed to the materials for 2-60 minutes by using sealers that were freshly mixed or set for 1, 3, and 7 days. The pH values and contact angles of sterile water on sealers at different times after setting were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fresh iRoot SP killed all bacteria in 2 minutes, AH Plus in 5 minutes, EndoRez in 20 minutes, and Sealapex and Epiphany in 60 minutes. Freshly mixed Apexit Plus and Tubli Seal failed to kill all bacteria at 60 minutes. For 1-day and 3-day samples, iRoot SP and EndoRez had the strongest antibacterial activity, followed by Sealapex and Epiphany; Tubli Seal and AH Plus did n'ot show any significant antibacterial activity. Of all the samples, Apexit Plus had the lowest antimicrobial activity. The pH of the sealers could not alone explain their antibacterial effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fresh iRoot SP, AH Plus, and EndoRez killed E. faecalis effectively. IRoot SP and EndoRez continued to be effective for 3 and 7 days after mixing. Sealapex and EndoRez were the only ones with antimicrobial activity even at 7 days after mixing.
authors: Division of Endodontics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Ya
authors: Y
authors: Shen
authors: N Dorin
authors: ND
authors: Ruse
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Haapasalo
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials