title: Glutamate release upon purinergic action in the dorsal facial area of the medulla increases blood flow in the common carotid artery in cats.
abstract: Interactions of glutamatergic and purinergic actions in the medulla regulate important cardiovascular functions. The glutamatergic action in dorsal facial area (DFA) of the medulla increases blood flow of common carotid artery (CCA) in cats. We hypothesized that interactions of glutamatergic and purinergic actions in the DFA may regulate the CCA blood flow. Purinergic and glutamatergic agonists and antagonists were microinjected into the DFA through a four-barrel tubing in anesthetized cats. Drug effects were evaluated by changes in the CCA blood flow. Microinjection with 20 nmol ATP or alpha,beta-methyleneATP (alpha,beta-MeATP, a P2 purinergic receptor agonist) induced an increase of the CCA blood flow. This increase was dose-dependently reduced by prior administration with 1,3-dipropyl-8-p-sulfophenylxanthine (DPSPX, a specific P1 purinergic receptor antagonist), or pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS, a selective P2 purinergic receptor antagonist) as well as with MK-801 (a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist) or glutamate diethyl ester (GDEE, a competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist). It was almost completely blocked by administrations with combined maximal doses of P1 and P2 receptor antagonists as well as NMDA and AMPA receptor antagonists. Nevertheless, P1 receptor agonist induced only mild and poorly reproducible increase in the CCA blood flow. In conclusion, prominent P2 and minor P1 purinergic receptors appear to be present in the DFA; the purinergic activation can mediate a release of glutamate that stimulates NMDA and AMPA to induce the increase of the CCA blood flows. These findings may provide important information for developing therapeutic strategy for diseases involving the CCA blood flow, such as hypertensive disease and cerebral ischemia.
authors: Neuro-Medical Scientific Center and Center for Vascular Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors: J-S
authors: JS
authors: Kuo
authors: Y-P
authors: YP
authors: Huang
authors: Y-T
authors: YT
authors: Chiu
authors: N-N
authors: NN
authors: Lin
authors: C-C
authors: CC
authors: Cheng
authors: Y-W
authors: YW
authors: Hung
authors: T J-F
authors: TJ
authors: Lee
authors: C-L
authors: CL
authors: Gong
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008845:Microinjections; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D058913:Purinergic Agonists; D058914:Purinergic Antagonists; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow
chemical_list: D058913:Purinergic Agonists; D058914:Purinergic Antagonists; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C002630:alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate