title: Electrolyte analysis of pleural effusion as an indicator of drowning in seawater and freshwater.
abstract: It is important for forensic pathologists to determine the diagnosis of drowning as well as the site of drowning. In a previous study, we propose that analysis of electrolytes in pleural effusion from rats may be useful for determining whether drowning has occurred in seawater or freshwater. To test this proposal, we measured the concentration of sodium, potassium and chloride ions and total protein in pleural effusion from 40 autopsy cases: 24 involving seawater drowning, 9 freshwater drowning and 7 no drowning. The concentrations of sodium and chloride ions in pleural effusion showed a significant difference between seawater drowning and freshwater drowning. The concentration of potassium ions and total protein showed no difference between each group, although they increased in proportion to the postmortem interval in cases of both seawater and freshwater drowning. These results are almost same as our previous study and, thus, the quantitative analysis of electrolytes in pleural effusion may be useful for determining whether drowning has occurred in seawater or freshwater.
authors: Department of Forensic Pathology and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Yosuke
authors: Y
authors: Usumoto
authors: Naomi
authors: N
authors: Sameshima
authors: Wakako
authors: W
authors: Hikiji
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Tsuji
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Kudo
authors: Hiromasa
authors: H
authors: Inoue
authors: Noriaki
authors: N
authors: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D004332:Drowning / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D005618:Fresh Water; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D007477:Ions; D011506:Proteins; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium