title: Metabolic abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children: two-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HIV-associated lipodystrophy (LD) manifests with fat maldistribution, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in some HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether lipid abnormalities in patients with HIV are stable over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  The perinatally HIV-infected cohort at a medium-sized urban US teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, observational study consisted of five visits (at entry and 3, 6, 24, and 30 months after entry) during which fasting venous blood samples were drawn for HIV-1 RNA, CD4 lymphocytes, lipid profile, free fatty acids (FFA), glucose, insulin, and adiponectin. IGF-I/IGFBP-3 levels were measured at the first and fifth visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 36 study participants, seven were lipodystrophic, and 30 patients completed all five study visits. LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and FFA levels were significantly higher in patients taking protease inhibitors (PIs). Patients with LD had higher TC and TG levels (both p < 0.05), and higher FFA (p = 0.0532). Adiponectin levels did not differ between PI/non-PI and LD/non-LD groups. HDL-cholesterol seemed to decrease, and FFA to increase over time. All IGF-I and all but one IGFBP-3 level were within normal range for age and Tanner stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyslipidemia remained relatively constant over our study period. Adiponectin was not useful as a marker of LD in our population.
authors: Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: Jens C
authors: JC
authors: Krause
authors: Mary P
authors: MP
authors: Toye
authors: Donna J
authors: DJ
authors: Fisher
authors: Barbara W
authors: BW
authors: Stechenberg
authors: Edward O
authors: EO
authors: Reiter
authors: Holley F
authors: HF
authors: Allen
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000209:etiology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; C515497:IGFBP3 protein, human; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D002784:Cholesterol