title: Immunophenotypic pattern and cytokine profiles of dry type cutaneous leishmaniasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dry type localized cutaneous leishmaniasis, one of the most prevalent cutaneous parasitic infections in Kerman Province, is presented as a polarized disease in which cytokine profiles secreted by immune cells play a major role in its presentation. In order to clarify the idea, immunohistochemical study of skin biopsies were performed to elucidate the cytokine release capabilities of immune cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skin biopsies of acute, chronic nonlupoid, and chronic lupoid recidivans lesions of dry type localized cutaneous leishmaniasis were studied by immunohistochemical staining methods for immunophenotypic patterns (CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD56, CD11a, CD18, CD1a, HLA-DR, CD54) and cytokines (INF-gamma, IL-12, IL-4, TNF-alpha) released by immune inflammatory cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The descriptive analysis of data showed that the mean percentage of positive immunostained cells of CD4, CD8, and CD14; antigen-presenting cells (CD1a, HLA-DR); and markers of the extravasated positive memory T cells (CD11a, CD18, CD54) are more frequent in lupoid recidivans than in acute active and chronic nonlupoid lesions, in order of frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results, it seems that Th1-like response is predominant in acute active form and lupoid recidivans while Th2-like response is predominant in chronic nonlupoid lesions. It seems that lupoid recidivans is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction to the reactivation of hidden antigens.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Kerman Medical School, Kerman Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman, Iran. meymandi_s@hotmail.com
authors: Simin
authors: S
authors: Meymandi
authors: Shahriar
authors: S
authors: Dabiri
authors: Manzumeh
authors: M
authors: Shamsi-Meymandi
authors: Hossein
authors: H
authors: Nikpour
authors: Arsalan
authors: A
authors: Kharazmi
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens