title: The effect of bulking agents on the chemical stability of acid-sensitive compounds in freeze-dried formulations: sucrose inversion study.
abstract: The goal of the study was to evaluate the impact of amorphous bulking agents on the chemical stability of freeze-dried materials. Polyvinylpyrrolidone and dextran of different molecular weights and lactose were used as bulking agents, and sucrose was used as an example of an acid-sensitive compound. Lyophiles containing bulking agent and sucrose at 10:1 (w/w) ratio, citrate buffer, and optionally bromophenol blue (pH indicator) were tested by X-ray powder diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and Karl Fischer titrimetry. Diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy was used to obtain the concentration ratio of the deprotonated (In(2-)) to the protonated (HIn(-)) indicator species, from which the Hammett acidity function (H(2-)) was calculated. The extent of sucrose inversion in lyophiles stored at 60 degrees C was quantified by HPLC. The bulking agent had a major impact on both the apparent solid-state acidity (H(2-)) and the degradation rate, with the degradation rate constants value highest for dextran lyophiles (most "acidic", lower H(2-)) followed by lactose and polyvinylpyrrolidone lyophile (least "acidic", higher H(2-)). The Hammett acidity function can be used as an empirical solid-state acidity scale, to predict the rank-order stability of acid-sensitive compounds in lyophiles prepared with different bulking agents.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors: Enxian
authors: E
authors: Lu
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Ewing
authors: Larry
authors: L
authors: Gatlin
authors: Raj
authors: R
authors: Suryanarayanan
authors: Evgenyi
authors: E
authors: Shalaev
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry*; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D005612:Freeze Drying; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry*; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D003911:Dextrans; D005079:Excipients; D013395:Sucrose; D011205:Povidone; D007785:Lactose