title: Hematoma after vacuum-assisted breast biopsy: are interleukins predictors?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hematoma is the main complication of vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB). This study aims to evaluate the associations between interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 and hematoma progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 36 women who underwent VABB (11G). After VABB, mammograms were obtained from these patients and the maximum diameter of the hematomas was measured. The hematoma progression / occurrence of organized hematomas was followed up for the subsequent 30 days. Venous samples were collected peripherally at 3 time points: prior, at the end, and 1 h after the end of the VABB procedure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for the determination of serum IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2/36 hematomas were eventually organized within the follow-up period. In these cases, IL-6 had been significantly higher 1 h after the end of VABB (5.70 +/- 0.18 vs. 1.73 +/- 1.01 pg/ml; p = 0.019, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test for independent samples). No statistically significant associations existed concerning IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. The association between the size of a hematoma on the mammogram and the subsequent organization did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated IL-6 at 1 h after the end of VABB might point to subsequent organization of the hematoma and the need for appropriate action.
authors: Research Center, Hellenic Anticancer Institute, Athens, Greece. gzografo@med.uoa.gr
authors: George C
authors: GC
authors: Zografos
authors: Flora
authors: F
authors: Zagouri
authors: Theodoros N
authors: TN
authors: Sergentanis
authors: Dimitra
authors: D
authors: Koulocheri
authors: Ioannis
authors: I
authors: Flessas
authors: Xeni
authors: X
authors: Provatopoulou
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Kalogera
authors: Nikolaos V
authors: NV
authors: Michalopoulos
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Bramis
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Gounaris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007378:Interleukins