Effect of sensory adaptation on anxiety of children with developmental disabilities: a new approach.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a sensory-adapted dental environment (SADE) on anxiety, relaxation, and cooperation of children with developmental disabilities (CDDs). Pharmacological treatment has been widely used to reduce anxiety, but nonpharmacological methods may be similarly effective. The standardized clinical situation chosen was a dental hygiene cleaning.


METHODS
A SADE was structured. Sixteen CDDs participated in an open cross-over intervention trial measuring behavioral and psychophysiological variables.


RESULTS
There was a substantial increase in relaxation and cooperation in the SADE as opposed to the regular dental environment (RDE). This was reflected by: mean duration of anxious behaviors (SADE = 9.04 minutes vs. RDE = 23.44 minutes; P < .01); mean magnitude of anxious behaviors (SADE = 8.49 vs. RDE = 15.50; P < .01); cooperation levels (SADE = 331 vs. RDE = 1.94; P < .01); mean electrodermal activity (EDA; SADE = 1230 vs. RDE = 446; P < .001); and difference in degree of relaxation by EDA (SADE=2014 vs. RDE=763; P < .004).


CONCLUSIONS
The findings indicate the potential importance of considering the sensory-adapted environment as a preferable dental environment for this population.
Shapiro
Michele
M
Issie Shapiro Center, Raanana, Israel. micheles@beitissie.org.il
Melmed
Raphael N
RN
Sgan-Cohen
Harold D
HD
Parush
Shula
S
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003116:Color; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019140:Dental Care for Children / Q000523:psychology*; D003730:Dental Care for Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D003770:Dental Offices; D003777:Dental Prophylaxis / Q000523:psychology; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000523:psychology*; D008029:Lighting; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012063:Relaxation / Q000523:psychology; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000295:instrumentation