Acid and organic aerosol coatings on magnetic nanoparticles increase iron concentrations in human airway epithelial cells.
Numerous industrial applications for man-made nanoparticles have been proposed. Interactions of nanoparticles with agents in the atmosphere may impact human health. We tested the postulate that in vitro exposures of respiratory epithelial cells to airborne magnetic nanoparticles (MNP; Fe(3)O(4)) with and without a secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and an inorganic acid could affect iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and interleukin (IL)-8 release. Cell iron concentrations were increased after exposures to MNP and values were further elevated with co-exposures to either SOA or inorganic acid. Increased expression of ferritin and elevated levels of RNA for DMT1, proteins for iron storage and transport respectively, followed MNP exposures, but values were significant for only those with co-exposures to inorganic acid and organic aerosols. Cell iron concentration corresponded to a measure of oxidative stress in the airway epithelial cells; MNP with co-exposures to SOA and inorganic acid increased both available metal and indices of oxidant generation. Finally, the release of a proinflammatory cytokine (i.e. IL-8) by the exposed cells similarly increased with cell iron concentration. We conclude that MNP can interact with a SOA and an inorganic acid to present metal in a catalytically reactive state to cultured respiratory cells. This produces an oxidative stress to affect a release of IL-8.
Ghio
Andrew J
AJ
Clinical Research Branch, Human Studies Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Ghio.Andy@epamail.epa.gov
Dailey
Lisa A
LA
Richards
Judy H
JH
Jang
Myoseon
M
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005293:Ferritins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005293:Ferritins; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D016209:Interleukin-8; D007501:Iron; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2; C033158:sulfuric acid