title: Long-term efficacy and tolerability of topiramate as add-on therapy in refractory partial epilepsy: an observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of topiramate (TPM) as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective, single-center, long-term observational study. Patients fulfilling the criteria of medical intractability proposed by Berg et al. were entered into the study if they were newly prescribed TPM as add-on therapy between January 2000 and June 2002. The usual starting dosage of TPM was 50 mg/day and optimal-dose adjustments were made according to individual clinical responses. Efficacy and tolerability were analyzed every year during 5-year follow-up in the "intention-to-treat (ITT) population." Retention rate was estimated by Kaplan-Meyer analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 125 patients were included in the study and 107 patients (85.6%) were followed for 5 years. Retention rate was 87.2% at 1 year and 64% at 5 years. At the end of 5 years, the median seizure frequency reduction rate was 69.0% and responder rate was 43.2% in the ITT population. Cumulative seizure-free rate (SFR) was 30.4% and the terminal 1-year SFR was 12.8% in the ITT population (20.0% in completers) at 5-year follow-up. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 39.2% of patients, including significant AEs leading to antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal in 14.4%. The most common AEs were anorexia (16.0%), weight loss (10.4%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (8.8%). Concomitant AEDs were reduced in 25.0% of the completers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose and slow-dose escalation of TPM in add-on therapy for patients with refractory partial epilepsy is effective and well tolerated in long-term, individualized clinical practice.
authors: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Yang-Je
authors: YJ
authors: Cho
authors: Kyoung
authors: K
authors: Heo
authors: Won-Joo
authors: WJ
authors: Kim
authors: Sang Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Jang
authors: Yo Han
authors: YH
authors: Jung
authors: Byoung Seok
authors: BS
authors: Ye
authors: Dong Beom
authors: DB
authors: Song
authors: Byung In
authors: BI
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D019370:Observation / Q000379:methods; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D000077236:Topiramate; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose