Deconstructing the PDD clinical phenotype: internal validity of the DSM-IV.
BACKGROUND
Empirical studies of the structure of autism symptoms have challenged the three-domain model of impairment currently characterizing pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). The objective of this study was to assess the internal validity of the DSM as a conceptual model for describing PDD, while paying particular attention to certain subject characteristics.


METHODS
Parents and teachers completed a DSM-IV-referenced rating scale for 3- to 12-year-old clinic referrals with a PDD (n = 730). Ratings were submitted to confirmatory factor analysis and different models were assessed for fit.


RESULTS
Measures of fit indicated that the three-factor solution based on the DSM was superior to other models. Most indices of fit were acceptable, but showed room for improvement. Fit indices varied according to the rater (parent or teacher), child's age (preschool versus school aged), PDD subtype (autism, Asperger's, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS)), and IQ.


CONCLUSIONS
More research needs to be done before discarding current classification systems. Subject characteristics, modality of assessment, and procedural variations in statistical analyses impact conclusions about the structure of PDD symptoms.
Lecavalier
Luc
L
Nisonger Center and Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus,Ohio 43210-1257, USA. luc.lecavalier@osumc.edu
Gadow
Kenneth D
KD
DeVincent
Carla J
CJ
Houts
Carrie
C
Edwards
Michael C
MC
D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009519:New York City; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results