title: Effect of fish oil supplementation on quality of life in a general population of older Dutch subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on quality of life (QOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Independently living individuals from the general older Dutch population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred two individuals aged 65 and older without depression or dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,800 mg/d EPA-DHA (n=96), 400 mg/d EPA-DHA (n=100), or placebo capsules (n=106) for 26 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  QOL was assessed using the short version of the World Health Organization QOL questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). The WHOQOL-BREF covers four domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and satisfaction with environment. The total score range is 26 to 130, with higher scores indicating a more favorable condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the participants was 70, and 55% were male. Plasma concentrations of EPA-DHA increased 238% in the high-dose and 51% in the low-dose EPA-DHA group, reflecting excellent adherence. Median baseline total WHOQOL scores ranged from 107 to 110 in the three groups and were not significantly different from each other. After 26 weeks, the mean difference from placebo was -1.42 (95% confidence interval (CI)=-3.40-0.57) for the high-dose and 0.02 (95% CI=-1.95-1.99) for the low-dose fish oil group. Treatment with 1,800 mg or 400 mg EPA-DHA did not affect total QOL or any of the separate domains after 13 or 26 weeks of intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation with high or low doses of fish oil for 26 weeks did not influence the QOL of healthy older individuals.
authors: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Ondine.vandeRest@wur.nl
authors: Ondine
authors: O
authors: van de Rest
authors: Johanna M
authors: JM
authors: Geleijnse
authors: Frans J
authors: FJ
authors: Kok
authors: Wija A
authors: WA
authors: van Staveren
authors: Marcel G M
authors: MG
authors: Olderikkert
authors: Aartjan T F
authors: AT
authors: Beekman
authors: Lisette C P G M
authors: LC
authors: de Groot
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002214:Capsules; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010919:Placebos; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D005395:Fish Oils; D010919:Placebos; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid