title: Visual cueing with context relevant information for reducing change blindness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physiological monitoring is a requisite for optimal care to ensure that the condition of a patient is maintained within safe levels. Monitoring can be jeopardized by the inability of a clinician to recognize important changes in the visual display of data throughout the duration of the monitoring task. We hypothesized that the addition of a visual cue imparting contextual information to a physiological display would improve the detection ability and response time of a clinician to a change in a patient variable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contextual information based on trend information was added to a physiological display in the form of a visual cue. Following IRB approval, the resulting enhanced display was evaluated by 22 anesthesiologists in a simulated operating room, through the observation of six simulated scenarios using a standard anesthesia display and the enhanced display. Demographic information, response time, accuracy of detection, and usability data were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The enhanced display reduced the detection time to a change in the simulated scenarios by 14.4 s (95% CI: -26.4 to -2.38), and reduced the expected number of missed events per scenario by 0.23 (95% CI: -0.439 to -0.0203), based on the repeated measures analysis (Poisson model).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data collected and analyzed in this study supports the addition of a visual cue to future physiological monitors. The graphic representation and the context relevant information that it transmits appears to aid clinicians. While the results indicate that enhanced visualization of context relevant information can lead to a significant improvement in event recognition and identification, further evaluation in clinical settings is required.
authors: Engineering Systems Division, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors: Jacqueline M
authors: JM
authors: Tappan
authors: Jeremy
authors: J
authors: Daniels
authors: Brad
authors: B
authors: Slavin
authors: Joanne
authors: J
authors: Lim
authors: Rollin
authors: R
authors: Brant
authors: J Mark
authors: JM
authors: Ansermino
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000379:methods*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011930:Reaction Time; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014796:Visual Perception