title: Genetic susceptibility to the development and progression of breast cancer associated with polymorphism of cell cycle and ubiquitin ligase genes.
abstract: Tumor levels of the cell cycle regulators cyclin E and p27 correlate strongly with survival in breast cancer patients and are specifically regulated by the ubiquitin ligases hCDC4 and SKP2. This study was to explore whether genetic susceptibility to breast cancer is associated with polymorphism of these genes and whether gene-gene and gene-risk factor [i.e. full-term pregnancy (FTP)] interactions are important in determining cancer risk. A two-stage case-control study based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms was performed. The first study (560 cases and 1122 controls) was to define the contribution of cell cycle and ubiquitin ligase genes to cancer susceptibility. The second study (926 cases and 923 controls) was to confirm the association identified in the first stage and to map the variant alleles. Increased breast cancer risk was associated with both polymorphism of hCDC4 and a joint effect of cyclin E and hCDC4. These associations were more significant in nulliparous women, and cancer risk associated with a lower number of FTPs was only seen in women with a higher number of high-risk genotypes, providing support for an effect of gene-risk factor interaction in determining susceptibility. Sequence variants of intron 2 in hCDC4 were found to be the most significant polymorphism and high-stage estrogen receptor (ER)-negative patients carrying the homozygous variant genotype manifested significantly poorer survival. This study concludes that polymorphism of hCDC4 is a risk factor for breast cancer development by interacting with either cyclin E or FTP and may also prove useful in predicting progression of patients with high-stage and ER-negative breast cancers.
authors: Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11472, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: Jyh-Cherng
authors: JC
authors: Yu
authors: Shian-Ling
authors: SL
authors: Ding
authors: Chih-Hao
authors: CH
authors: Chang
authors: Shu-Hsin
authors: SH
authors: Kuo
authors: Shou-Tung
authors: ST
authors: Chen
authors: Giu-Cheng
authors: GC
authors: Hsu
authors: Huan-Ming
authors: HM
authors: Hsu
authors: Ming-Feng
authors: MF
authors: Hou
authors: Lin Yi
authors: LY
authors: Jung
authors: Chun-Wen
authors: CW
authors: Cheng
authors: Pei-Ei
authors: PE
authors: Wu
authors: Chen-Yang
authors: CY
authors: Shen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D044783:F-Box Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000073979:F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019927:Cyclin E; D044783:F-Box Proteins; D000073979:F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7; C513273:FBXW7 protein, human; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases