title: A combined crystalloid and colloid pd solution as a glucose-sparing strategy for volume control in high-transport apd patients: a prospective multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence is accumulating that the continuous exposure to high glucose concentrations during peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important cause of ultrafiltration (UF) failure. The cornerstone of prevention and treatment of UF failure is reduction of glucose exposure, which will also alleviate the systemic impact of significant free glucose absorption. The challenge for the future is to discover new therapeutic strategies to enhance fluid and sodium removal while diminishing glucose load and exposure using combinations of available osmotic agents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate in patients on automated PD (APD) with a fast transport pattern whether there is a glucose-sparing advantage to replacing 7.5% icodextrin (ICO) during the long dwell with a mixed crystalloid and colloid PD fluid (bimodal UF) in an attempt to promote daytime UF and sodium removal while diminishing the glucose strength of the dialysate at night.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2 parallel arm, 4 month, prospective nonrandomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  PD units or university hospitals in 4 French and Belgian districts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 4-month intervention period, net UF and peritoneal sodium removal during the long dwell when treated by bimodal UF was about 2-fold higher than baseline (with ICO). The estimated percent change (95% confidence interval) from baseline in net daytime UF for the bimodal solution was 150% (106% - 193%), versus 18% (-7% - 43%) for ICO (p < 0.001). The estimated percent change from baseline in peritoneal sodium removal for the bimodal solution was 147% (112% - 183%), versus 23% (-2% - 48%) for ICO (p < 0.001). The estimated percent change from baseline in UF efficiency (24-hour net UF divided by the amount of glucose absorbed) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) when using the bimodal solution was 71%, versus -5% for ICO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prescription of bimodal UF during the day in APD patients offers the opportunity to optimize the long dwell exchange in a complete 24-hour APD cycle. The current study demonstrated that a bimodal solution based on the mixing of glucose (2.6%) and icodextrin (6.8%) achieved the double target of significantly improving UF and peritoneal sodium removal by exploring a new concept of glucose-sparing PD therapy.
authors: Department of Clinical Nephrology and Dialysis, CHPC Hôpital Louis Pasteur, Cherbourg, France. p.freida@ch-cherbourg.fr
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Freida
authors: Belkacem
authors: B
authors: Issad
authors: Max
authors: M
authors: Dratwa
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Lobbedez
authors: Lieling
authors: L
authors: Wu
authors: John K
authors: JK
authors: Leypoldt
authors: Jose Carolino
authors: JC
authors: Divino-Filho
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001692:Biological Transport; D003102:Colloids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015532:Rehydration Solutions
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D005947:Glucose