title: Detection and characteristics of microvascular obstruction in reperfused acute myocardial infarction using an optimized protocol for contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Several cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) techniques are used to detect microvascular obstruction (MVO) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To determine the prevalence of MVO and gain more insight into the dynamic changes in appearance of MVO, we studied 84 consecutive patients with a reperfused AMI on average 5 and 104 days after admission, using an optimised single breath-hold 3D inversion recovery gradient echo pulse sequence (IR-GRE) protocol. Early MVO (2 min post-contrast) was detected in 53 patients (63%) and late MVO (10 min post-contrast) in 45 patients (54%; p = 0.008). The extent of MVO decreased from early to late imaging (4.3±3.2% vs. 1.8±1.8%, p<0.001) and showed a heterogeneous pattern. At baseline, patients without MVO (early and late) had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) than patients with persistent late MVO (56±7% vs. 48±7%, p<0.001) and LVEF was intermediate in patients with early MVO but late MVO disappearance (54±6%). During follow-up, LVEF improved in all three subgroups but remained intermediate in patients with late MVO disappearance. This optimised single breath-hold 3D IR-GRE technique for imaging MVO early and late after contrast administration is fast, accurate and allows detection of patients with intermediate remodelling at follow-up.
authors: Sebastiaan C A M
authors: SC
authors: Bekkers
authors: Walter H
authors: WH
authors: Backes
authors: Raymond J
authors: RJ
authors: Kim
authors: Gabriel
authors: G
authors: Snoep
authors: Anton P M
authors: AP
authors: Gorgels
authors: Valeria Lima
authors: VL
authors: Passos
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Waltenberger
authors: Harry J G M
authors: HJ
authors: Crijns
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Schalla
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA