Predictive power of pretreatment prognostic factors in children with hepatoblastoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group.
BACKGROUND
PRETEXT is used to stratify risk in children with hepatoblastoma by the Liver Tumor Strategy Group (SIOPEL) of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP). A recent analysis excluding patients that did not survive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, concluded that PRETEXT was superior to Children's Oncology Group (COG) stage for predicting survival. Puzzled by this result, we made a similar comparison of PRETEXT and COG stage. This time, however, we include all patients, and we compare predictive value at diagnosis, instead of after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.


METHODS
Hepatoblastoma patients in INT-0098 were retrospectively reviewed for PRETEXT and other potential prognostic factors including pathologic subtype, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).


RESULTS
Five-year overall survival by PRETEXT was 88.9%, 84.5%, 71.6%, and 30.9%, for PRETEXT I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rates by COG stage were 100%, 97.5%, 100%, 70.2%, and 39.3% for Stage I pure fetal histology (PFH), Stage I unfavorable histology (UH = not PFH), Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV, respectively. PRETEXT added significant additional prognostic information within the COG Stage III, but not COG Stage IV. Additional prognostic factors statistically significant for an increased risk of death were small-cell-undifferentiated (SCU) histologic subtype and AFP < 100 at diagnosis.


CONCLUSIONS
PRETEXT, COG stage, SCU histology, and AFP < 100, as assessed at diagnosis, are important determinants of survival that will allow us to better develop common international criteria for risk stratification. Common risk stratification is an essential prerequisite to establish effective cooperation across the ocean in this field of rare tumors.
Meyers
Rebecka L
RL
Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Utah, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113, USA. rebecka.meyers@hsc.utah.edu
Rowland
Jon R
JR
Krailo
Mark
M
Chen
Zhengjia
Z
Katzenstein
Howard M
HM
Malogolowkin
Marcio H
MH
D002648:Child; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006653:Histology; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins