Mitochondrial regulation of cell survival and death during low-oxygen conditions.
Mitochondria can initiate cell death or activate genes that promote cell survival in response to low oxygen. The BCL-2 family of proteins regulate cell death in response to anoxia (0-0.5% O2). By contrast, under hypoxia (0.5-3% O2), mitochondrial oxidative stress activates hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) to promote cell survival. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria, BCL-2 proteins, and HIFs are crucial for cellular responses to low oxygen.
Snyder
Colleen M
CM
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School , Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Chandel
Navdeep S
NS
D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2