title: Post-menopausal hormone use and albuminuria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Higher levels of urinary albumin excretion predict future hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Post-menopausal hormone use may influence the renin-angiotensin system and renal endothelial function, impacting albumin excretion. The association between post-menopausal hormone use and albuminuria is not well defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We explored the cross-sectional association between duration of PMH use and albuminuria in 2445 post-menopausal, non-diabetic women from the Nurses' Health Study. Women were categorized as hormone non-users, past users or current users grouped by 3-year intervals of duration of use, from < or =3 years to >15 years. The outcome was the top decile of urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between duration of PMH use and risk of being in the top decile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 66.8 years, and 57% were currently using PMH. The median ACR was 2.9 mg/g, and the 90th percentile was 9.2 mg/g. Compared with women with no history of PMH use, the odds ratio for being in the top ACR decile was lower for women with use of >6-9 years, >9-12 years, >12-15 years and >15 years, but there was no dose-response. The overall odds ratio was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.39-0.77) among women with >6 years of current PMH use compared with non-users. Current hormone use of shorter duration and past hormone use were not associated with albumin excretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current PMH use of >6 years is associated with a lower urinary ACR in non-diabetic women.
authors: Renal Division and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. eschopick@partners.org
authors: Emily L
authors: EL
authors: Schopick
authors: Naomi D
authors: ND
authors: Fisher
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Lin
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Forman
authors: Gary C
authors: GC
authors: Curhan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause