title: Hematopoietic stem cell origin of adipocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has generally been believed that adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells via fibroblasts. We recently reported that fibroblasts/myofibroblasts in a number of tissues and organs are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that HSCs also give rise to adipocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using transplantation of a single enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive (EGFP(+)) HSC and primary culture, we examined generation of adipocytes from HSCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adipose tissues from clonally engrafted mice showed EGFP(+) adipocytes that stained positive for leptin, perilipin, and fatty acid binding protein 4. A diet containing rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, significantly enhanced the number of EGFP(+) adipocytes. When EGFP(+) bone marrow cells from clonally engrafted mice were cultured under adipogenic conditions, all of the cultured cells stained positive with Oil Red O and Sudan Black B and exhibited the presence of abundant mRNA for adipocyte markers. Finally, clonal culture- and sorting-based studies of Mac-1 expression of hematopoietic progenitors suggested that adipocytes are derived from HSCs via progenitors for monocytes/macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these studies clarify the current controversy regarding the ability of HSCs to give rise to adipocytes. Furthermore, our primary culture method that generates adipocytes from uncommitted hematopoietic cells should contribute to the studies of the mechanisms of early adipocytic differentiation and may lead to development of therapeutic solutions for many general obesity issues.
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
authors: Yasuhiko
authors: Y
authors: Sera
authors: Amanda C
authors: AC
authors: LaRue
authors: Omar
authors: O
authors: Moussa
authors: Meenal
authors: M
authors: Mehrotra
authors: James D
authors: JD
authors: Duncan
authors: Christopher R
authors: CR
authors: Williams
authors: Eishi
authors: E
authors: Nishimoto
authors: Bradley A
authors: BA
authors: Schulte
authors: Patricia M
authors: PM
authors: Watson
authors: Dennis K
authors: DK
authors: Watson
authors: Makio
authors: M
authors: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004032:Diet; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D020738:Leptin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C493411:Fabp4 protein, mouse; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D020738:Leptin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone