title: Vesicular stomatitis virus induces apoptosis primarily through Bak rather than Bax by inactivating Mcl-1 and Bcl-XL.
abstract: Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. The mitochondrial pathway is regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins, which consists of both pro- and antiapoptotic members. To determine the relative importance of the multidomain proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bak and Bax, HeLa cells were transfected with Bak and/or Bax small interfering RNA (siRNA) and subsequently infected with recombinant wild-type VSV. Our results showed that Bak is more important than Bax for the induction of apoptosis in this system. Bak is regulated by two antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, Mcl-1, which is rapidly turned over, and Bcl-X(L), which is relatively stable. Inhibition of host gene expression by the VSV M protein resulted in the degradation of Mcl-1 but not Bcl-X(L). However, inactivation of both Mcl-1 and Bcl-X(L) was required for cells to undergo apoptosis. While inactivation of Mcl-1 was due to inhibition of its expression, inactivation of Bcl-X(L) indicates a role for one or more BH3-only Bcl-2 family members. VSV-induced apoptosis was inhibited by transfection with siRNA against Bid, a BH3-only protein that is normally activated by the cleavage of caspase-8, the initiator caspase associated with the death receptor pathway. Similarly, treatment with an inhibitor of caspase-8 inhibited VSV-induced apoptosis. These results indicate a role for cross talk from the death receptor pathway in the activation of the mitochondrial pathway by VSV.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors: Alicia F
authors: AF
authors: Pearce
authors: Douglas S
authors: DS
authors: Lyles
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk; D053218:Receptors, Death Domain / Q000378:metabolism; D018116:Vesiculovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C494772:BAK1 protein, human; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D053218:Receptors, Death Domain; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein