title: p16INK4A in routine practice as a marker of cervical epithelial neoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to validate the role of p16(INK4a) immunocytochemistry as a marker of cervical epithelial neoplasia in cytology and biopsy samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the period of 4 years a total of 501 immunocytochemistry stains in cytology and biopsy samples were performed. The cytology smears were obtained from two independent laboratories of women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion interpretation of Pap test or ThinPrep. Additionally, a selection of paraffin blocks from cases diagnosed previously with squamous intraepithelial lesion and cervical cancer were immunostained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 312 cytology samples analyzed by immunocytochemistry, 36.2% were positive for p16(INK4a). Negative cases were followed-up with conventional Pap smear and 86.9% showed regression. Among positive patients, 14 underwent surgery and 100% exhibited squamous intraepithelial lesion. In additional immunohistochemical analysis of selected biopsies from our archive, we found that the ratio of positivity for p16(INK4a) increased from 40% in L-SIL/CIN1 to 69.8% in H-SIL/CIN2 to 100% in H-SIL/CIN3 and squamous cell carcinoma. A relatively low number (24%) of cases with squamous metaplasia revealed focal and/or sporadic staining in the superficial layers of the epithelium. All the cases of cervical adenocarcinoma and mesonephric carcinoma were positive for p16(INK4a).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  p16(INK4a) is a useful additional marker for interpretation of problematic Pap smears and reduces the variability during evaluation of suspicious biopsies of the uterine cervix.
authors: Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Medical School, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo. Electronic address: fkurshumliu@gmail.com.
authors: Fisnik
authors: F
authors: Kurshumliu
authors: Institute of Pathology and German Reference and Consultation Centre for Haematopathology and Lymphoproliferative Diseases, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Germany.
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Thorns
authors: Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Medical School, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
authors: Lumturije
authors: L
authors: Gashi-Luci
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001706:Biopsy; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16