title: [Epidemiology of anticoagulation for hemodialysis patients: survey of 842 cases in seven hemodialysis centers].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anticoagulant methods and characters of hemodialysis patients in hospitals of Grade III Level A.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire survey was conducted in 7 hemodialysis centers of class 3 first level general hospital in Beijing, Shenyang, Harbin, and Dalian, on the hemodialysis status, primary diseases, anticoagulation methods, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  808 of the 842 patients (95.9%) underwent hemodialysis, and 34 patients (4.1%) were subjected to hemodialysis filtration. 606 hemodialysis patients (74.9%) used heparin as the anticoagulant, and the doses and using method were different among different centers. 223 patients (26.5%) used low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) with different kinds, doses and using methods. The underlying diseases included diabetes (15.1%), hypertension (9.4%), and other diseases (75.5%). There was no significant difference in the dosage of heparin among different diseases, while the dosage of LMWH was lower for the diabetes and hypertension patients. 171 patients (20.3%) had hemorrhagic tendency, and 67 patients (20.3%) suffered from thrombus. The dosage of heparin was lower in the patients with hemorrhagic tendency while no difference was found in the dosages of LMWH among the patients with different diseases. Antiplatelet agents were co-administrated in 172 hemodialysis patients (20.4%). The percentages of co-administration of antiplatelet for patients with thrombus and hemorrhagic tendency were 14% and 12.8% respectively. The dosages of heparin and LMWH were higher in the patients with co-administration than those without co-administration. Coagulation marker examination was conducted in only 385 patients (45.7%), and no difference in the frequency of coagulation marker examination was found among the patients with hemorrhagic tendency, thrombus, and other diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heparin is the main anticoagulant in hemodialysis. The anticoagulant methodology in hemodialysis is still empirical without clotting monitor and standard for usage of anticoagulants.
authors: Institute of Nephrology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China. xfssun@126.com
authors: Xue-feng
authors: XF
authors: Sun
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Xiao
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Li-rong
authors: LR
authors: Hao
authors: Hong-li
authors: HL
authors: Lin
authors: Zhi-min
authors: ZM
authors: Zhang
authors: Ji-jun
authors: JJ
authors: Li
authors: Xiang-mei
authors: XM
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006436:Hemodialysis Units, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight