title: Repeat falls and the recovery of social participation in the year post-hip fracture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  although the majority of hip fractures are the result of a fall, whether repeated falls in the year post-fracture adversely influence recovery of social participation is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  analysis of data from a longitudinal cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  community-dwelling women aged > or = 65 years, admitted to one of two hospitals in Baltimore with a new, non-pathological fracture of the proximal femur between 1992 and 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  information on falls was collected from a falls diary. At the baseline, 6- and 12-month evaluations, subjects were asked about the number of times in the 2 weeks prior to the evaluation they had participated in 10 categories of social activities. We examined the association of repeated falls with social participation using generalized estimating equations. The effect of physical and psychological functions was examined by including measures of lower extremity functional performance and depressive symptoms into the model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the analyses included 196 women, mean age = 80.2 years. Eighty-one subjects fell. The subjects with >1 fall between evaluations participated in a mean (95% CI) of 3.5 (0.12, 6.9) and 4.3 (0.9, 7.7) fewer social activities at 6 and 12 months post-fracture, respectively, compared to those who did not fall (P = 0.0003). These results were attenuated by adjustment for depressive symptoms, but not by lower extremity functional performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  in the year post-fracture, repeated falls in women were associated with decreased social participation independent of lower extremity function. Depressive symptoms in repeated fallers may partly explain this association.
authors: Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. rrmiller@epi.umaryland.edu
authors: Ram R
authors: RR
authors: Miller
authors: Shoshana H
authors: SH
authors: Ballew
authors: Michelle D
authors: MD
authors: Shardell
authors: Gregory E
authors: GE
authors: Hicks
authors: William G
authors: WG
authors: Hawkes
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Resnick
authors: Jay
authors: J
authors: Magaziner
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009043:Motor Activity; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012008:Recurrence; D012919:Social Behavior