title: Randomized trial of a parenting intervention for very preterm infants: outcome at 2 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of a neonatal parenting intervention for improving development in very preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster-randomized, controlled trial with a cross-over design and washout period was conducted in 6 neonatal centers. Two hundred thirty-three babies <32 weeks' gestation were recruited (intervention = 112; control = 121). Intervention families received weekly Parent Baby Interaction Programme (PBIP) sessions during neonatal intensive care unit admission and up to 6 weeks after discharge. Control families received standard care. All 195 infants remaining in the study at 24 months' corrected age were assessed by psychologists blinded to group allocation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in Mental Development Index (-0.9 points; 95% CI, -5.0, 3.2) or Psychomotor Development Index (2.5; -3.3, 8.4) scores between the intervention and control groups and no significant effect of intervention on Mental Development Index or Psychomotor Development Index scores for subgroups dichotomized by gestational age (<28 weeks/> or =28 weeks), parity (1st/other child) or mother's cohabiting status (supported/unsupported).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no effect of PBIP on infant development at 2 years' corrected age. Parenting interventions may be better delivered after discharge or targeted for preterm infants with high biological and social risk.
authors: University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom. s.j.johnson@ucl.ac.uk
authors: Samantha
authors: S
authors: Johnson
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Whitelaw
authors: Cris
authors: C
authors: Glazebrook
authors: Chrissie
authors: C
authors: Israel
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Turner
authors: Ian R
authors: IR
authors: White
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Croudace
authors: Franca
authors: F
authors: Davenport
authors: Neil
authors: N
authors: Marlow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome