title: A novel murine model for chronic inflammatory alveolar bone loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) demonstrates some similarities to the dysregulated chronic immunoinflammatory lesion of periodontitis. Trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) administered to rodents have been shown to elicit inflammatory responses that undermine the integrity of the gut epithelium in a similar manner to IBD in humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of these chemicals to elicit periodontal inflammation as a novel model for alveolar bone loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were treated by oral application of TNBS twice a week, or with DSS in the diet over a period of 18 weeks. Alveolar bone loss was assessed on the defleshed skull using morphometric measures for area of bone resorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TNBS-treated animals tolerated oral administration with no clinical symptoms and gained weight at a similar rate to normal control animals. In contrast, DSS exerted a systemic response, including shortening of colonic tissue and liver enzyme changes. Both TNBS and DSS caused a localized action on periodontal tissues, with alveolar bone loss observed in both maxilla and mandibles, with progression in a time-dependent manner. Bone loss was detected as early as week 7, with more severe periodontitis increasing over the 18 weeks (p < 0.001). Young (7-month-old) and old (12-month-old) mice with severe combined immunodeficiency were treated with TNBS for a period of 7 weeks and did not develop significant bone loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that oral administration of TNBS or DSS provokes alveolar bone loss in concert with the autochthonous oral microbiota.
authors: Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. helieh.oz@uky.edu
authors: H S
authors: HS
authors: Oz
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Ebersole
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003553:Cystine / Q000032:analysis; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D008439:Maxillary Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D010519:Periodontium / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003553:Cystine; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D016264:Dextran Sulfate