title: Association between ACE gene I/D polymorphisms and hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  I/D polymorphisms of ACE are associated with the plasma ACE concentration. The ACE is associated with the angiogenesis of ovarian endothelium in vitro as well as steroidogenesis and follicular growth in cattle. Since ACE induces a high blood supply and hypersteroidogenesis in the ovary, it may be associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) which exhibits hyperplasia, hypervascularity of the ovarian theca interna and stroma, as well as disorderd steroidogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that the ACE plays some roles in the human ovary. To investigate whether the ACE I/D polymorphisms are associated with the steroidogenesis disorder in PCOS and contribute to the susceptibility of PCOS in Chinese women, we designed a case-controlled association study in 582 individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ACE I/D polymorphisms were assessed in 582 reproductive-age women. Genotyping and frequency of ACE I/D polymorphisms were obtained by PCR amplification that was performed on genomic DNA isolated from blood leucocytes. Results were analyzed in respect to clinical test results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of the D allele and the genotypic distributions (DD, ID and II) in the women with PCOS did not differ from those in controls (P = 0.458). However, there were significant differences in the concentrations of testosterone among three genotypes both in the PCOS patients and controls (P = 0.0045, P = 0.0052, respectively). Differences were also found between these groups with distinct genotypes: DD versus II and DI versus II in the PCOS patients as well as DD versus DI and DD versus II in the controls. There were significant differences in the ratio of LH/FSH among three genotypes in the patients (P = 0.01). However, there were no statistical differences in the BMI, AAM, E2 concentrations and other serum hormone concentrations among the three genotypes both in the PCOS patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACE I/D polymorphisms were not associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS. However, the polymorphisms were associated with the steroidogenesis in the ovary. The observation indicated that the ACE I/D polymorphisms were not the key etiological factor, which in stead may be associated with the aggravated clinical manifestations of PCOS.
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & The reproductive medicine Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China. sjnju@163.com
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Sun
authors: Haijian
authors: H
authors: Fan
authors: Yena
authors: Y
authors: Che
authors: Yunxia
authors: Y
authors: Cao
authors: Xiaoke
authors: X
authors: Wu
authors: Hai-xiang
authors: HX
authors: Sun
authors: Fengjing
authors: F
authors: Liang
authors: Long
authors: L
authors: Yi
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A