title: A systematic investigation of the protein kinases involved in NMDA receptor-dependent LTD: evidence for a role of GSK-3 but not other serine/threonine kinases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The signalling mechanisms involved in the induction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term depression (LTD) in the hippocampus are poorly understood. Numerous studies have presented evidence both for and against a variety of second messengers systems being involved in LTD induction. Here we provide the first systematic investigation of the involvement of serine/threonine (ser/thr) protein kinases in NMDAR-LTD, using whole-cell recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a panel of 23 inhibitors individually loaded into the recorded neurons, we can discount the involvement of at least 57 kinases, including PKA, PKC, CaMKII, p38 MAPK and DYRK1A. However, we have been able to confirm a role for the ser/thr protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study is the first to investigate the role of 58 ser/thr protein kinases in LTD in the same study. Of these 58 protein kinases, we have found evidence for the involvement of only one, GSK-3, in LTD.
authors: MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK. stephane.peineau@inserm.fr
authors: Stéphane
authors: S
authors: Peineau
authors: Céline S
authors: CS
authors: Nicolas
authors: Zuner A
authors: ZA
authors: Bortolotto
authors: Ratan V
authors: RV
authors: Bhat
authors: W Jonathan
authors: WJ
authors: Ryves
authors: Adrian J
authors: AJ
authors: Harwood
authors: Pascal
authors: P
authors: Dournaud
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Fitzjohn
authors: Graham L
authors: GL
authors: Collingridge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D036881:Long-Term Synaptic Depression / Q000187:drug effects; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3