Mechanism of action of flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: a review.
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that occur ubiquitously in plants having a variety of biological effects both in vitro and in vivo. They have been found to have antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-ulcerogenic, cytotoxic, anti-neoplastic, mutagenic, antioxidant, antihepatotoxic, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory activities. Flavonoids also have biochemical effects, which inhibit a number of enzymes such as aldose reductase, xanthine oxidase, phosphodiesterase, Ca(+2)-ATPase, lipoxygenase, cycloxygenase, etc. They also have a regulatory role on different hormones like estrogens, androgens and thyroid hormone. They have been found to have anti-inflammatory activity in both proliferative and exudative phases of inflammation. Several mechanisms of action have been proposed to explain anti-inflammatory action of flavonoids. The aim of the present review is to give an overview of the mechanism of action of potential anti-inflammatory flavonoids.
Rathee
Permender
P
PDM College of Pharmacy, Bahadurgarh, India. rathee_permender@rediffmail.com
Chaudhary
Hema
H
Rathee
Sushila
S
Rathee
Dharmender
D
Kumar
Vikash
V
Kohli
Kanchan
K
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000187:drug effects; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005419:Flavonoids; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011494:Protein Kinases; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases