title: Mammalian phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases.
abstract: Phosphoinositides are lipids that are present in the cytoplasmic leaflet of a cell's plasma and internal membranes and play pivotal roles in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular processes. Phosphoinositides are molecularly diverse due to variable phosphorylation of the hydroxyl groups of their inositol rings. The rapid and reversible configuration of the seven known phosphoinositide species is controlled by a battery of phosphoinositide kinases and phosphoinositide phosphatases, which are thus critical for phosphoinositide isomer-specific localization and functions. Significantly, a given phosphoinositide generated by different isozymes of these phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases can have different biological effects. In mammals, close to 50 genes encode the phosphoinositide kinases and phosphoinositide phosphatases that regulate phosphoinositide metabolism and thus allow cells to respond rapidly and effectively to ever-changing environmental cues. Understanding the distinct and overlapping functions of these phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzymes is important for our knowledge of both normal human physiology and the growing list of human diseases whose etiologies involve these proteins. This review summarizes the structural and biological properties of all the known mammalian phosphoinositide kinases and phosphoinositide phosphatases, as well as their associations with human disorders.
authors: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Akita University, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan. tsasaki@med.akita-u.ac.jp
authors: Takehiko
authors: T
authors: Sasaki
authors: Shunsuke
authors: S
authors: Takasuga
authors: Junko
authors: J
authors: Sasaki
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Kofuji
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Eguchi
authors: Masakazu
authors: M
authors: Yamazaki
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D019870:1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004194:Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019870:1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases