title: Parental expectations, experiences and reactions, sense of coherence and grade of anxiety related to routine ultrasound examination with normal findings during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate parents' expectations, experiences and reactions, sense of coherence and anxiety before and after a second-trimester routine ultrasound examination, with normal findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before and after ultrasound questionnaires including the scales parents' expectations, experiences and reactions to routine ultrasound examination (PEER-U state of mind index), sense of coherence (SOC) and state and trait anxiety inventory (STAI), were sent to a 1-year cohort of women and their partners. Replies received were 2183.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both parents had significantly less worried state of mind (PEER-U) after the examination than before. Women had a lower grade of state anxiety after than before, but for men there was no significant change. Before the ultrasound, women had a higher degree of worried state of mind, as well as a higher grade of state and trait anxiety and a lower sense of coherence, than men. The women showed a greater reduction in worried state of mind than the men after the ultrasound examination. There were no significant differences in sense of coherence before and after ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women and men are affected in their psychological well-being in relation to a routine ultrasound examination, but their sense of coherence remains stable.
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Maria.Ekelin@med.lu.se
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ekelin
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Crang Svalenius
authors: A-K
authors: AK
authors: Larsson
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Nyberg
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Marsál
authors: A-K
authors: AK
authors: Dykes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000523:psychology; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data