title: Effect of lactoperoxidase on the antimicrobial effectiveness of the thiocyanate hydrogen peroxide combination in a quantitative suspension test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The positive antimicrobial effects of increasing concentrations of thiocyanate (SCN-) and H2O2 on the human peroxidase defence system are well known. However, little is known about the quantitative efficacy of the human peroxidase thiocyanate H2O2 system regarding Streptococcus mutans and sanguinis, as well as Candida albicans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the enzyme lactoperoxidase on the bactericidal and fungicidal effectiveness of a thiocyanate-H2O2 combination above the physiological saliva level. To evaluate the optimal effectiveness curve, the exposure times were restricted to 1, 3, 5, and 15 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bactericidal and fungicidal effects of lactoperoxidase on Streptococcus mutans and sanguinis and Candida albicans were evaluated by using two test mixtures of a 2.0% (w/v; 0.34 M) thiocyanate and 0.4% (w/v; 0.12 M) hydrogen peroxide solution, one without and one with lactoperoxidase. Following the quantitative suspension tests (EN 1040 and EN 1275), the growth of surviving bacteria and fungi in a nutrient broth was measured. The reduction factor in the suspension test without lactoperoxidase enzyme was < 1 for all three tested organisms. Thus, the mixtures of 2.0% (w/v; 0.34 M) thiocyanate and 0.4% (w/v; 0.12 M) hydrogen peroxide had no in vitro antimicrobial effect on Streptococcus mutans and sanguinis or Candida albicans. However, the suspension test with lactoperoxidase showed a high bactericidal and fungicidal effectiveness in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tested thiocyanate and H2O2 mixtures showed no relevant antimicrobial effect. However, by adding lactoperoxidase enzyme, the mixtures became not only an effective bactericidal (Streptococcus mutans and sanguinis) but also a fungicidal (Candida albicans) agent.
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University of Greifswald, Germany. welk@uni-greifswald.de
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Welk
authors: Ch
authors: Ch
authors: Meller
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Schubert
authors: Ch
authors: Ch
authors: Schwahn
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kramer
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Below
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007784:Lactoperoxidase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013298:Streptococcus sanguis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013861:Thiocyanates; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007784:Lactoperoxidase; C031760:thiocyanate