A diet rich in cocoa attenuates N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver injury in rats.
The effects of cocoa feeding against N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced liver injury were studied in rats. Animals were divided into five groups. Groups 1 and 2 were fed with standard and cocoa-diet, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were injected with DEN at 2 and 4 weeks, and fed with standard and cocoa-diet, respectively. Group 5 was treated with DEN, received the standard diet for 4 weeks and then it was replaced by the cocoa-diet. DEN-induced hepatic damage caused a significant increase in damage markers, as well as a decrease in the hepatic glutathione, diminished levels of p-ERK and enhanced protein carbonyl content, caspase-3 activity and values of p-AKT and p-JNK. The cocoa-rich diet prevented the reduction of hepatic glutathione concentration and catalase and GPx activities in DEN-injected rats, as well as diminished protein carbonyl content, caspase-3 activity, p-AKT and p-JNK levels, and increased GST activity. However, cocoa administration did not abrogate the DEN-induced body weight loss and the increased levels of hepatic-specific enzymes and LDH. These results suggested that cocoa-rich diet attenuates the DEN-induced liver injury.
Granado-Serrano
Ana Belén
AB
Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frío-ICTAN, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Martín
María Angeles
MA
Bravo
Laura
L
Goya
Luis
L
Ramos
Sonia
S
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011208:Powders; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011208:Powders; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione