title: Sex differences in intergroup competition, aggression, and warfare: the male warrior hypothesis.
abstract: The social science literature abounds with examples of human tribalism, the tendency to categorize individuals on the basis of their group membership and treat in-group members benevolently and out-group members malevolently. I argue that this tribal inclination is an evolved response to the threat of intergroup violence and warfare that was endemic in ancestral human environments (and is still common today). Here I hypothesize that intergroup conflict has profoundly affected the social psychology of human males in particular--the male warrior hypothesis--and present evidence consistent with this claim. I also discuss implications of this hypothesis for managing intergroup relations in our society.
authors: Centre for the Study of Group Processes, Department of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom. mvv@kent.ac.uk
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Van Vugt
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011593:Psychology, Social; D012737:Sex Factors; D014857:Warfare