title: Identification of genetic and phenotypic differences associated with prevalent and non-prevalent Salmonella Enteritidis phage types: analysis of variation in amino acid transport.
abstract: In this study, differences at the genetic level of 37 Salmonella Enteritidis strains from five phage types (PTs) were compared using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to assess differences between PTs. There were approximately 400 genes that differentiated prevalent (4, 6, 8 and 13a) and sporadic (11) PTs, of which 35 were unique to prevalent PTs, including six plasmid-borne genes, pefA, B, C, D, srgC and rck, and four chromosomal genes encoding putative amino acid transporters. Phenotype array studies also demonstrated that strains from prevalent PTs were less susceptible to urea stress and utilized l-histidine, l-glutamine, l-proline, l-aspartic acid, gly-asn and gly-gln more efficiently than PT11 strains. Complementation of a PT11 strain with the transporter genes from PT4 resulted in a significant increase in utilization of the amino acids and reduced susceptibility to urea stress. In epithelial cell association assays, PT11 strains were less invasive than other prevalent PTs. Most strains from prevalent PTs were better biofilm formers at 37 degrees C than at 28 degrees C, whilst the converse was true for PT11 strains. Collectively, the results indicate that genetic and corresponding phenotypic differences exist between strains of the prevalent PTs 4, 6, 8 and 13a and non-prevalent PT11 strains that are likely to provide a selective advantage for strains from the former PTs and could help them to enter the food chain and cause salmonellosis.
authors: School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.|Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Zhensheng
authors: Z
authors: Pan
authors: Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Ben
authors: B
authors: Carter
authors: Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Núñez-García
authors: Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Manal
authors: M
authors: AbuOun
authors: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Fookes
authors: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
authors: Al
authors: A
authors: Ivens
authors: Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Martin J
authors: MJ
authors: Woodward
authors: Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Muna F
authors: MF
authors: Anjum
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001434:Bacteriophage Typing; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D010957:Plasmids; D015995:Prevalence; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids