title: Appropriate prescribing in the elderly: an investigation of two screening tools, Beers criteria considering diagnosis and independent of diagnosis and improved prescribing in the elderly tool to identify inappropriate use of medicines in the elderly in primary care in Ireland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elderly patients are particularly vulnerable to inappropriate prescribing, with increased risk of adverse drug reactions and consequently higher rates of morbidity and mortality. A large proportion of inappropriate prescribing is preventable by adherence to prescribing guidelines, suitable monitoring and regular medication review. As a result, screening tools have been developed to help clinicians improve their prescribing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare identification rates of inappropriate prescribing in elderly patients in primary care using two validated screening tools: Beers' criteria and improved prescribing in the elderly tool (IPET); to calculate the net ingredient cost (NIC) per month (euro) of the potentially inappropriate medicines in this population of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive cohort of 500 patients 65 years of age and over were recruited prospectively from primary care over a 6 month period in a provincial town in Ireland. Patients' medical records (electronic and paper) were screened and all relevant information concerning current illnesses and medications was recorded on a standardized data collection form to which Beers' criteria [considering diagnosis (CD) and independent of diagnosis (ID)] and IPET tools were applied. The NIC was calculated from an edition of the Irish monthly index of medical specialities published concurrently with the data collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Beers' criteria identified a total of 69 medicines that were prescribed inappropriately (eight CD and 61 ID) in 65 patients (13%), costing euro824.88 per month while IPET identified 63 potentially inappropriate medicines in 52 (10.4%) patients costing euro381.28 per month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potentially inappropriate medications are prescribed in a significant proportion of elderly people in primary care, with significant economic implications.
authors: Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Ryan
authors: D
authors: D
authors: O'Mahony
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kennedy
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Weedle
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Barry
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Gallagher
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Byrne
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards*; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs