title: Performance of ultrasonic devices for bone surgery and associated intraosseous temperature development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the bone-cutting performance and intraosseous temperature development of three modern ultrasonic devices for bone surgery (UDBS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The following UDBS and associated cutting tips (straight bone saws) were used in this study: (1) Piezosurgery II professional, tip OT 7 (Mectron); (2) Piezotome, tip BS 1 (Acteon); and (3) SurgySonic, tip ES007 (American Dental Systems/Gunther Jerney). In the experimental setup UDBS, handpieces were immobilized, and bone specimens from the middiaphysis of a bovine femur were moved in a longitudinal direction under the cutting tip to a standardized depth of 3.0 mm. Intraosseous temperature development was measured using a glass-fiber isolated thermocouple. The cutting performance was defined by the time required to reach the cutting depth of 3.0 mm. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median increase (25th through 75th percentiles) of the local intraosseous temperature was 3.0 degrees C (2.2 degrees C to 4.2 degrees C) for the SurgySonic, 2.2 degrees C (1.8 degrees C to 3.2 degrees C) for the Piezosurgery II, and 1.1 degrees C (0.7 degrees C to 1.6 degrees C) for the Piezotome. The median cutting performance was 0.31 mm/s (0.11 to 0.46 mm/s) for the Piezotome, 0.25 mm/s (0.23 to 0.27 mm/s) for the Piezosurgery II, and 0.04 mm/s (0.03 to 0.05 mm/s) for the SurgySonic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the three tested UDBS, the Piezotome and the Piezosurgery II showed a significantly higher cutting performance than the SurgySonic. The Piezotome produced the smallest increase in intraosseous temperature.
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, Christian-Albrecths-University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors: Sönke
authors: S
authors: Harder
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Wolfart
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Mehl
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Kern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002417:Cattle; D004867:Equipment Design; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014465:Ultrasonics