title: Lysophosphatidic acid enhances pulmonary epithelial barrier integrity and protects endotoxin-induced epithelial barrier disruption and lung injury.
abstract: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive phospholipid, induces a wide range of cellular effects, including gene expression, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and cell survival. We have previously shown that LPA stimulates secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in bronchial epithelial cells. This study provides evidence that LPA enhances pulmonary epithelial barrier integrity through protein kinase C (PKC) delta- and zeta-mediated E-cadherin accumulation at cell-cell junctions. Treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) with LPA increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) by approximately 2.0-fold and enhanced accumulation of E-cadherin to the cell-cell junctions through Galpha(i)-coupled LPA receptors. Knockdown of E-cadherin with E-cadherin small interfering RNA or pretreatment with EGTA (0.1 mm) prior to LPA (1 microm) treatment attenuated LPA-induced increases in TER in HBEpCs. Furthermore, LPA induced tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and overexpression of the FAK inhibitor, and FAK-related non-kinase-attenuated LPA induced increases in TER and E-cadherin accumulation at cell-cell junctions. Overexpression of dominant negative protein kinase delta and zeta attenuated LPA-induced phosphorylation of FAK, accumulation of E-cadherin at cell-cell junctions, and an increase in TER. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide decreased TER and induced E-cadherin relocalization from cell-cell junctions to cytoplasm in a dose-dependent fashion, which was restored by LPA post-treatment in HBEpCs. Intratracheal post-treatment with LPA (5 microm) reduced LPS-induced neutrophil influx, protein leak, and E-cadherin shedding in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in a murine model of acute lung injury. These data suggest a protective role of LPA in airway inflammation and remodeling.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors: Donghong
authors: D
authors: He
authors: Yanlin
authors: Y
authors: Su
authors: Peter V
authors: PV
authors: Usatyuk
authors: Ernst Wm
authors: EW
authors: Spannhake
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Kogut
authors: Julian
authors: J
authors: Solway
authors: Viswanathan
authors: V
authors: Natarajan
authors: Yutong
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; C496051:Ptk2 protein, mouse; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; C032881:lysophosphatidic acid