title: Hybrid treatment for aortic arch and proximal descending thoracic aneurysm: experience with stent grafting for second-stage elephant trunk repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aortic aneurysm affecting the arch and proximal descending thoracic aorta may require a two-stage repair, which includes proximal elephant trunk graft placement and completion of descending thoracic aortic repair. The combination of open surgery and endovascular grafting may improve the morbidity and mortality of the patient population at risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 2001 and March 2007, 258 patients underwent thoracic aortic endovascular grafting at our institution, wherein 31 patients underwent a hybrid approach involving proximal arch repair and elephant trunk graft replacement, and endovascular completion procedures. All patients, who underwent combined endovascular and open procedures in the management of the aortic arch and proximal descending thoracic aortic aneurysms, were reviewed and analysed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interval between the first and second stage ranged from 0 to 14 months with a mean interval of 3.1 months. Follow-up ranged from 0 to 70 months with a mean of 31 months. Technical success was achieved in all patients. The 1, 12, 36 and 60-month mortality rates were 6.4%, 16.5%, 26.7% and 26.7%, respectively. Caudal migration of the endograft occurred in three patients, who underwent conversion to open surgery. Two cases of paraparesis but no paraplegias or strokes were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Staged procedures using endovascular grafting in the treatment of the arch and proximal descending thoracic aneurysm may have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Although long-term results are still pending, this early experience demonstrates the safety and early-term effectiveness of this hybrid approach, which consists both of endovascular and open surgical procedures.
authors: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan. nobuyosh@sapmed.ac.jp
authors: Nobuyoshi
authors: N
authors: Kawaharada
authors: Yoshihiko
authors: Y
authors: Kurimoto
authors: Toshiro
authors: T
authors: Ito
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Koyanagi
authors: Akihiko
authors: A
authors: Yamauchi
authors: Masanori
authors: M
authors: Nakamura
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Takagi
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Higami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome