title: Submucosal injection of stabilized nonanimal hyaluronic acid with dextranomer: a new treatment option for fecal incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  NASHA Dx gel has been used extensively for treatments in the field of urology. This study was performed to evaluate NASHA Dx gel as an injectable anal canal implant for the treatment of fecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients (5 males, 29 females; median age, 61 years; range, 34 to 80) were injected with 4 x 1 ml of NASHA Dx gel, just above the dentate line in the submucosal layer. The primary end point was change in the number of incontinence episodes and a treatment response was defined as a 50 percent reduction compared with pretreatment. All patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median number of incontinence episodes during four weeks was 22 (range, 2 to 77) before treatment, at 6 months it was 9 (range, 0 to 46), and at 12 months it was 10 (range, 0 to 70, P = 0.004). Fifteen patients (44 percent) were responders at 6 months, compared with 19 (56 percent) at 12 months. No long-term side effects or serious adverse events were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Submucosal injection of NASHA Dx gel is an effective treatment for fecal incontinence. The effect is sustained for at least 12 months. The treatment is associated with low morbidity.
authors: Department of Surgery, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden. johan.danielsson@lul.se
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Danielson
authors: Urban
authors: U
authors: Karlbom
authors: Ann-Cathrine
authors: AC
authors: Sonesson
authors: Tomas
authors: T
authors: Wester
authors: Wilhelm
authors: W
authors: Graf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019160:Endosonography; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055675:Viscosupplements / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D005782:Gels; D055675:Viscosupplements; C013471:dextranomer; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid