title: Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction for patients with panic disorder: a nationwide population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine prospectively the relationship between a diagnosis of panic disorder and the risk of acute myocardial infarction within 1 year of follow-up. Panic disorder is associated prospectively with coronary artery disease, but the risk of acute myocardial infarction associated with panic disorder has not been specifically investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  This nationwide population-based study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database covering the years 2000 to 2005. A total of 9641 patients diagnosed with panic disorder in 2004 were included, together with 28,923 matched nonpanic disorder enrollees as a comparison cohort. Cox proportional hazard regressions were conducted to compute hazard ratios, after adjustment for comorbid medical disorders and sociodemographic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that 4.77% of patients with panic disorder (approximately one in 21) experienced an acute myocardial infarction episode within a year, compared with 2.73% of patients in the comparison cohort. The adjusted hazard of acute myocardial infarction was significantly higher (1.75 times, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.55-1.97) for patients with panic disorder, relative to the comparison cohort. The association persisted in further analyses stratified by hypertension, coronary heart diseases, and age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Panic disorder was identified as an independent risk factor for subsequent acute myocardial infarction. Comprehensive multidisciplinary approaches are needed to optimize primary and secondary prevention of acute myocardial infarction among patients with panic disorder.
authors: School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Yi-Hua
authors: YH
authors: Chen
authors: Shang-Ying
authors: SY
authors: Tsai
authors: Hsin-Chien
authors: HC
authors: Lee
authors: Herng-Ching
authors: HC
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D019992:Databases as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology