Atherosclerotic risk among children taking antiepileptic drugs.
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder that requires long-term or sometimes lifetime therapy. Recent evidence indicates that prolonged use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) might modify some vascular risk factors; however, the influence of AED therapy on the development of atherosclerosis has been the subject of controversy. Some epidemiological studies have reported a higher prevalence of ischemic vascular disease among epileptic patients on AEDs, while in other studies the mortality due to atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease in treated epileptics has been observed to be lower than in the general population. The etiology of atherosclerosis-related vascular diseases in epileptic patients has not been fully clarified. Since atherosclerotic vascular alterations may start early in life, this review focuses on major atherogenic risk factors among epileptic children, including altered metabolism of homocysteine, disordered lipid profiles, and increased lipoprotein (a) serum levels, as well as thyroid hormone deficiency with special concern for clinical implications.
Jakubus
Tomasz
T
Department of Physiopathology, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Jaczewskiego 2, PL 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Michalska-Jakubus
Małgorzata
M
Lukawski
Krzysztof
K
Janowska
Agnieszka
A
Czuczwar
Stanisław J
SJ
D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D014804:Vitamin B Deficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D005492:Folic Acid