title: EXAFS and HRTEM evidence for As(III)-containing surface precipitates on nanocrystalline magnetite: implications for As sequestration.
abstract: Arsenic sorption onto iron oxide spinels such as magnetite could contribute to immobilization of arsenite (AsO3(3-)), the reduced, highly toxic form of arsenic in contaminated anoxic groundwaters, as well as to putative remediation processes. Nanocrystalline magnetite (<20 nm) is known to exhibit higher efficiency for arsenite sorption than larger particles, sorbing as much as approximately 20 micromol/m2 of arsenite. To improve our understanding of this process, we investigated the molecular level structure of As(III)-containing sorption products on two types of fine-grained magnetite: (1) a biogenic one with an average particle diameter of 34 nm produced by reduction of lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH) by Shewanella putrefaciens and (2) a synthetic, abiotic, nanocrystalline magnetite with an average particle diameter of 11 nm. Results from extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) for both types of magnetite with As(III) surface coverages of up to 5 micromol/m2 indicate that As(III) forms dominantly inner-sphere, tridentate, hexanuclear, corner-sharing surface complexes (3C) in which AsO3 pyramids occupy vacant tetrahedral sites on octahedrally terminated {111} surfaces of magnetite. Formation of this type of surface complex results in a decrease in dissolved As(III) concentration below the maximum concentration level recommended by the World Health Organization (10 microg/L), which corresponds to As(III) surface coverages of 0.16 and 0.19 micromol/m2 in our experiments. In addition, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) analyses revealed the occurrence of an amorphous As(III)-rich surface precipitate forming at As(III) surface coverages as low as 1.61 micromol/m2. This phase hosts the majority of adsorbed arsenite at surface coverages exceeding the theoretical maximum site density of vacant tetrahedral sites on the magnetite {111} surface (3.2 sites/nm2 or 5.3 micromol/m2). This finding helps to explain the exceptional As(III) sorption capacity of nanocrystalline magnetite particles (>10 micromol/m2). However, the higher solubility of the amorphous surface precipitate compared to the 3C surface complexes causes a dramatic increase of dissolved As concentration for coverages above 1.9 micromol/m2.
authors: Institut de Minéralogie et de Physique des Milieux Condensés (IMPMC), UMR 7590, CNRS, Université Paris 6, IPGP, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France. guillaume.morin@impmc.jussieu.fr
authors: Guillaume
authors: G
authors: Morin
authors: Yuheng
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Georges
authors: G
authors: Ona-Nguema
authors: Farid
authors: F
authors: Juillot
authors: Guillaume
authors: G
authors: Calas
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Menguy
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Aubry
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Bargar
authors: Gordon E
authors: GE
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001151:Arsenic / Q000737:chemistry*; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide