title: Predictors of clinical outcomes and hospital resource use of children after tracheotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives are to describe health outcomes and hospital resource use of children after tracheotomy and identify patient characteristics that correlate with outcomes and hospital resource use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 917 children aged 0 to 18 years undergoing tracheotomy from 36 children's hospitals in 2002 with follow-up through 2007. Children were identified from ICD-9-CM tracheotomy procedure codes. Comorbid conditions (neurologic impairment [NI], chronic lung disease, upper airway anomaly, prematurity, and trauma) were identified with ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes. Patient characteristics were compared with in-hospital mortality, decannulation, and hospital resource use by using generalized estimating equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight percent of children were <or=6 months old at tracheotomy placement. Chronic lung disease (56%), NI (48%), and upper airway anomaly (47%) were the most common underlying comorbid conditions. During hospitalization for tracheotomy placement, children with an upper airway anomaly experienced less mortality (3.3% vs 11.7%; P < .001) than children without an upper airway anomaly. Five years after tracheotomy, children with NI experienced greater mortality (8.8% vs 3.5%; P <or= .01), less decannulation (5.0% vs 11.0%; P <or= .01), and more total number of days in the hospital (mean [SE]: 39.5 [4.0] vs 25.6 [2.6] days; P <or= .01) than children without NI. These findings remained significant (P < .01) in multivariate analysis after controlling for other significant cofactors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with upper airway anomaly experienced less mortality, and children with NI experienced higher mortality rates and greater hospital resource use after tracheotomy. Additional research is needed to explore additional factors that may influence health outcomes in children with tracheotomy.
authors: Complex Care Service, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. jay.berry@childrens.harvard.edu
authors: Jay G
authors: JG
authors: Berry
authors: Dionne A
authors: DA
authors: Graham
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Graham
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zhou
authors: Heather L
authors: HL
authors: Putney
authors: Jane E
authors: JE
authors: O'Brien
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Roberson
authors: Don A
authors: DA
authors: Goldmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015619:Respiratory System Abnormalities / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D014140:Tracheotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States; D014600:Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data