title: Polymorphisms in the neurokinin-2 receptor gene are associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can induce chronic cough in many patients. Genetic variations in the neurokinin 2 receptor gene (NK2R) are significantly associated with cough sensitivity to capsaicin.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study assessed the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in the NK2R gene and chronic cough in 91 patients taking ACE inhibitors. Patients included in the study did not have chest abnormalities, postnasal drip, gastroesophageal reflux or a recent history of upper respiratory infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NK2R gene (i.e., Gly231Glu and Arg375His). The allelic frequencies at amino acid 231 were 36.3% for Gly/Gly, 49.5% for Gly/Glu and 14.3% for Glu/Glu. The allelic frequencies at amino acid 375 were 74.7% for Arg/Arg, 24.2% for Arg/His and 1.1% for His/His. The prevalence of chronic cough in patients with the amino acid 231 genotype was 33.3% in Gly/Gly homozygotes, 24.4% in Gly/Glu heterozygotes and 0% in Glu/Glu homozygotes. There was a statistically significant association between chronic cough and the Glu/Glu allele (P = 0.028) when the data were analyzed with a recessive model. In addition, there was a significant inverse linear association between the number of Glu231 alleles and ACE inhibitor-related cough (P = 0.026). The prevalence of chronic cough in patients with the amino acid 375 genotype was 22.1% in Arg/Arg homozygotes, 31.8% in Arg/His heterozygotes and 0% in His/His homozygotes, although none of these association were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that the Gly231Glu polymorphism is associated with a lower prevalence of ACE inhibitor-related cough.
authors: Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: T-B
authors: TB
authors: Kim
authors: S-Y
authors: SY
authors: Oh
authors: H-K
authors: HK
authors: Park
authors: S-G
authors: SG
authors: Jeon
authors: Y-S
authors: YS
authors: Chang
authors: K-Y
authors: KY
authors: Lee
authors: Y S
authors: YS
authors: Cho
authors: I-H
authors: IH
authors: Chae
authors: Y-K
authors: YK
authors: Kim
authors: S-H
authors: SH
authors: Cho
authors: H-B
authors: HB
authors: Moon
authors: K-U
authors: KU
authors: Min
authors: Y-Y
authors: YY
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2