title: Biological factors, tumor growth kinetics, and survival after metastasectomy for pulmonary melanoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 23% of melanoma patients will eventually develop pulmonary metastases and have a median survival of only about 7-11 months. Because pulmonary metastasectomy can improve this statistic, we investigated clinicopathologic features and biological correlates that might be used to identify surgical candidates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Archived operative specimens and clinical records were retrieved for 20 melanoma patients who underwent resection of isolated pulmonary metastases at the John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center. Five-year postmetastasectomy survival (PMS) rate was correlated with age, number of pulmonary metastases, tumor doubling time (TDT), tumor necrosis, and immunohistochemical expressions of four biological markers: Ki-67, glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1), caspase-3, and CD31.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median TDT was 61 days. On multivariate analysis, TDT (P = 0.008), Glut-1 intensity (P = 0.04), and CD31 expression (P = 0.004) were the significant predictors of PMS. Age, number of pulmonary metastases, tumor necrosis, and expression of Ki-67 or caspase-3 did not significantly impact survival. Median TDT was 56 days with Glut-1 expression versus 165 days without Glut-1 expression (P = 0.002), and Glut-1 staining intensity independently affected TDT (P = 0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical resection may be preferable to toxic systemic therapies in melanoma patients whose isolated pulmonary metastases have a long TDT (> or = 61 days) and no biopsy evidence of Glut-1 expression.
authors: Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA. leejh1@umdnj.edu
authors: Jonathan H
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Seza A
authors: SA
authors: Gulec
authors: Ainura
authors: A
authors: Kyshtoobayeva
authors: Myung-Shin
authors: MS
authors: Sim
authors: Donald L
authors: DL
authors: Morton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000032:analysis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D053148:Caspase 3