title: The contribution of direct TLR signaling to T cell responses.
abstract: It is well established that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the generation of innate immune responses and thereby also play an important, indirect role in the initiation of subsequent adaptive T cell responses. However, T cells also express certain TLRs, and we have focused on the physiological importance of direct TLR signaling in T cells. TLRs can function as co-stimulatory receptors that complement TCR-induced signals to enhance effector T cell proliferation, survival and cytokine production. We also found that TLR signaling pathways in T cells are required for the effective clonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells during infection in vivo. Thus, the importance of TLRs in T cell-mediated immunity reflects both T cell-extrinsic and T cell-intrinsic components, which warrants a reconsideration of the dogma that restricts germ-line encoded pattern recognition to cells of the innate immune system.
authors: Department of Medicine and Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, 111 Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors: Adeeb H
authors: AH
authors: Rahman
authors: Devon K
authors: DK
authors: Taylor
authors: Laurence A
authors: LA
authors: Turka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D007376:Interleukin-2; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D007371:Interferon-gamma