title: Reproducibility of immunostaining quantification and description of a new digital image processing procedure for quantitative evaluation of immunohistochemistry in pathology.
abstract: Quantification of immunostaining is a widely used technique in pathology. Nonetheless, techniques that rely on human vision are prone to inter- and intraobserver variability, and they are tedious and time consuming. Digital image analysis (DIA), now available in a variety of platforms, improves quantification performance: however, the stability of these different DIA systems is largely unknown. Here, we describe a method to measure the reproducibility of DIA systems. In addition, we describe a new image-processing strategy for quantitative evaluation of immunostained tissue sections using DAB/hematoxylin-stained slides. This approach is based on image subtraction, using a blue low pass filter in the optical train, followed by digital contrast and brightness enhancement. Results showed that our DIA system yields stable counts, and that this method can be used to evaluate the performance of DIA systems. The new image-processing approach creates an image that aids both human visual observation and DIA systems in assessing immunostained slides, delivers a quantitative performance similar to that of bright field imaging, gives thresholds with smaller ranges, and allows the segmentation of strongly immunostained areas, all resulting in a higher probability of representing specific staining. We believe that our approach offers important advantages to immunostaining quantification in pathology.
authors: Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia, Rua Marquês do Paraná, 303-4 andar- sala 1, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro-Centro, 24033-900, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. vagnerbernardorj@gmail.com
authors: Vagner
authors: V
authors: Bernardo
authors: Simone Q C
authors: SQ
authors: Lourenço
authors: Renato
authors: R
authors: Cruz
authors: Luiz H
authors: LH
authors: Monteiro-Leal
authors: Licínio E
authors: LE
authors: Silva
authors: Danielle R
authors: DR
authors: Camisasca
authors: Marcos
authors: M
authors: Farina
authors: Ulysses
authors: U
authors: Lins
mesh_terms: D001457:Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte / Q000032:analysis; D017920:Antiporters / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D010336:Pathology / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D001457:Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte; D017920:Antiporters; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C489237:SLC4A3 protein, human