title: Effects of allopurinol on cardiac function and oxidant stress in chronic intermittent hypoxia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, oxidant stress, and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Allopurinol (ALLO) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that also scavenges free radicals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using an animal model of CIH we hypothesized that ALLO decreases oxidant stress and cardiac injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were exposed to either CIH (nadir 4-6%, approximately once per minute) or room air (handled controls, HC) for 8 h a day for 10 days. Four treatment groups (six to ten animals per group) were studied: CIH/ALLO, CIH/placebo (PLAC), HC/ALLO, and HC/PLAC. Outcomes included myocardial lipid peroxides (LPO) for oxidant stress, fraction shortening of the LV cavity for cardiac function (LVFS) and an assay for myocyte apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPO was lower in CIH/ALLO group compared to CIH/PLAC (179 +/- 102 vs. 589 +/- 68 mcg/mg protein, p < 0.05). LVFS was greater in ALLO animals than PLAC in both CIH and HC (CIH/ALLO 48.6 +/- 2.3% vs. CIH/PLAC 38 +/- 1.4%; HC/ALLO 64.9 +/- 1.8% vs. HC/PLAC 51.5 +/- 1.5%; both p < 0.05). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed fewer apoptotic nuclei in LV myocardium in CIH/ALLO compared to CIH/PLAC (38.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 48.6 +/- 2.3 positive nuclei per 2.5 mm(2) area, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ALLO is associated with improvement in CIH-associated oxidant stress, myocardial dysfunction, and apoptosis in rats.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors: Antoinette L
authors: AL
authors: Williams
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Steven M
authors: SM
authors: Scharf
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D000493:Allopurinol