title: Dose effects of oral estradiol on bone mineral density in Japanese women with osteoporosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This 2-year study compared 0.5 and 1.0 mg oral estradiol (E(2)), with or without levonorgestrel (LNG), for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Japanese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Japanese women with osteoporosis after natural menopause or bilateral oophorectomy were randomized to receive E(2) 0.5 or 1.0 mg/day with LNG 40 microg as required, or placebo, for 52 weeks. Women treated with E(2) in the first year continued therapy at the same doses in the second year. Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 73 women randomized to E(2) 0.5 mg, 157 to E(2) 1.0 mg and 79 to placebo. Lumbar bone mineral density at 52 weeks increased significantly more with E(2) 1.0 mg (p < 0.001) and 0.5 mg (p < 0.001) than with placebo (no change). After 2 years, a 10% increase in bone mineral density with E(2) 1.0 mg was significantly greater than with E(2) 0.5 mg (8%; p = 0.008). E(2) was associated with an acceptable safety and tolerability profile, with slightly more adverse events with E(2) 1.0 than 0.5 mg. Serum E(2) concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that E(2), at both 1.0 mg and 0.5 mg doses, was effective in increasing bone mineral density with an acceptable safety and tolerability profile in Japanese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis but that the bone mineral density response was higher with the 1.0 mg dose.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Mizunuma
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Taketani
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ohta
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Honjo
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Gorai
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Itabashi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Shiraki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010919:Placebos; D004958:Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel