title: Breviscapine ameliorates hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes induced by high glucose in diabetic rats via the PKC signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of breviscapine on high glucose-induced hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and the relevant mechanism in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes were divided into i) control; ii) high glucose concentrations; iii) high glucose+PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220; iv) high glucose+breviscapine; or v) high glucose+NF-kappaB inhibitor BAY11-7082. Cellular contraction frequency and volumes were measured; the expression of protein kinase C (PKC), NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and c-fos were assessed by Western blot or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Diabetic rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, and randomly divided into i) control rats; ii) diabetic rats; or iii) diabetic rats administered with breviscapine (10 or 25 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). After treatment with breviscapine for six weeks, the echocardiographic parameters were measured. All rats were then sacrificed and heart tissue was obtained for microscopy. The expression patterns of PKC, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and c-fos were measured by Western blot or RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiomyocytes cultured in a high concentration of glucose showed an increased pulsatile frequency and cellular volume, as well as a higher expression of PKC, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and c-fos compared with the control group. Breviscapine could partly prevent these changes. Diabetic rats showed relative cardiac hypertrophy and a higher expression of PKC, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and c-fos; treatment with breviscapine could ameliorate these changes in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breviscapine prevented cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic rats by inhibiting the expression of PKC, which may have a protective effect in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy via the PKC/NF-kappaB/c-fos signal transduction pathway.
authors: Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China. wangmin_hzzjusyf@yeah.net
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: Wen-bin
authors: WB
authors: Zhang
authors: Jun-hui
authors: JH
authors: Zhu
authors: Guo-sheng
authors: GS
authors: Fu
authors: Bin-quan
authors: BQ
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C061097:breviscapine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D005947:Glucose