title: Short-term effects of cervical kinesio taping on pain and cervical range of motion in patients with acute whiplash injury: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: METHODS
  Randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the short-term effects of Kinesio Taping, applied to the cervical spine, on neck pain and cervical range of motion in individuals with acute whiplash-associated disorders (WADs).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Researchers have begun to investigate the effects of Kinesio Taping on different musculoskeletal conditions (eg, shoulder and trunk pain). Considering the demonstrated short-term effectiveness of Kinesio Tape for the management of shoulder pain, it is suggested that Kinesio Tape may also be beneficial in reducing pain associated with WAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients (21 females) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: the experimental group received Kinesio Taping to the cervical spine (applied with tension) and the placebo group received a sham Kinesio Taping application (applied without tension). Both neck pain (11-point numerical pain rating scale) and cervical range-of-motion data were collected at baseline, immediately after the Kinesio Tape application, and at a 24-hour follow-up by an assessor blinded to the treatment allocation of the patients. Mixed-model analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to examine the effects of the treatment on each outcome variable, with group as the between-subjects variable and time as the within-subjects variable. The primary analysis was the group-by-time interaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group-by-time interaction for the 2-by-3 mixed-model ANOVA was statistically significant for pain as the dependent variable (F = 64.8; P<.001), indicating that patients receiving Kinesio Taping experienced a greater decrease in pain immediately postapplication and at the 24-hour follow-up (both, P<.001). The group-by-time interaction was also significant for all directions of cervical range of motion: flexion (F = 50.8; P<.001), extension (F = 50.7; P<.001), right (F = 39.5; P<.001) and left (F = 3.8, P<.05) lateral flexion, and right (F = 33.9, P<.001) and left (F = 39.5, P<.001) rotation. Patients in the experimental group obtained a greater improvement in range of motion than thosein the control group (all, P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with acute WAD receiving an application of Kinesio Taping, applied with proper tension, exhibited statistically significant improvements immediately following application of the Kinesio Tape and at a 24-hour follow-up. However, the improvements in pain and cervical range of motion were small and may not be clinically meaningful. Future studies should investigate if Kinesio Taping provides enhanced outcomes when added to physical therapy interventions with proven efficacy or when applied over a longer period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapy, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009;39(7):515-521, Epub 24 February 2009. doi:10.2519/jospt.2009.3072.
authors: Centor de Fisioterapia Integral, Candas, Asturias, Spain.
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: González-Iglesias
authors: César
authors: C
authors: Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
authors: Joshua A
authors: JA
authors: Cleland
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Huijbregts
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Del Rosario Gutiérrez-Vega
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D055052:Athletic Tape; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013997:Time Factors; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*