title: Prevention of tamoxifen induced endometrial polyps using a levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system long-term follow-up of a randomised control trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a RCT, we have previously shown that the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS, Mirena) produces a decidual response protecting the endometrium at one year follow-up. We here report on the long-term follow-up of this group of women, to test the hypothesis that a LNG-IUS could prevent the pro-proliferative uterine responses of tamoxifen for up to 4.5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised-controlled trial of postmenopausal women who had taken at least one year of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-two women were recruited. Nine were found to be ineligible after randomisation. The average duration of follow-up was 26.25 months (IQR 14.5-36 months) in the surveillance group and 24.2 months (IQR 13.75-32.5 months) in the LNG-IUS group. Women with LNG-IUS in situ at the time of final assessment had decidualised endometrium, and no polyps. In the surveillance group new polyps arose in 8 cases. There were 3 new polyps in the group initially randomised to LNG-IUS, one in a patient who did not have the device inserted and 2 occurred in patients following the removal of the LNG-IUS. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression models identified only endometrial thickness at trial entry as a statistically significant variable (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.22, p=0.01) for the development of polyps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that LNG-IUS induces benign endometrial changes and prevents endometrial polyps but only during its use in women taking tamoxifen. Endometrial thickness is a risk factor for the development of polyps.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK. francis.gardner@uhl-tr.nhs.uk
authors: Francis J E
authors: FJ
authors: Gardner
authors: Justin C
authors: JC
authors: Konje
authors: Stephen C
authors: SC
authors: Bell
authors: Keith R
authors: KR
authors: Abrams
authors: Laurence J R
authors: LJ
authors: Brown
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Taylor
authors: Marwan
authors: M
authors: Habiba
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011127:Polyps / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017698:Postmenopause; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D013629:Tamoxifen; D016912:Levonorgestrel