title: Longitudinal analysis of abstinence-specific social support and smoking cessation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To replicate previous research finding that abstinence-specific social support during the active phase of quitting predicts short- and long-term smoking cessation treatment outcome. (2) To describe time-related changes in abstinence-specific support, including how support provided during middle and later phases of the quitting process is associated with treatment outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Combined data from three randomized clinical trials of smoking cessation treatment (N = 739) were analyzed using logistic regression and analysis of variance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures included the Partner Interaction Questionnaire (PIQ; Cohen & Lichtenstein, 1990), a measure of smoking-related social support, and smoking status according to 7-day point-prevalence abstinence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Longitudinal analyses found that positive support peaked at week 12, decreasing thereafter. Positive support provided after week 12 did not differentiate between those who never quit smoking, those who quit and relapsed, and those who maintained abstinence. In contrast, negative support was monotonic and was useful at follow-up points for distinguishing between outcome groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that positive and negative support are both important factors in the early phase of quitting, but it is the continued minimization of negative support that best predicts maintenance of nonsmoking.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. dawn.lawhon@va.gov
authors: Dawn
authors: D
authors: Lawhon
authors: Gary L
authors: GL
authors: Humfleet
authors: Sharon M
authors: SM
authors: Hall
authors: Ricardo F
authors: RF
authors: Muñoz
authors: Victor I
authors: VI
authors: Reus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome