title: Calpain inhibitors prevent p38 MAPK activation and germ cell apoptosis after heat stress in pubertal rat testes.
abstract: Testicular injuries like torsion or cryptorchidism can cause massive germ cell death, which could have great impact on male reproductive health. In addition, it has been proposed that modern life style, in the form of underwear or sedentary work position, could increase the testicular temperature, induce germ cell apoptosis, reduce spermatozoa quality and promote male infertility. In this work we showed that a heat stress stimulus induced massive germ cells apoptosis, which was associated with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation along with an increase in the levels of mRNA encoding calpain 2. Synthetic calpain inhibitors prevented heat stress-induced germ cell apoptosis through inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Thus, our results indicate that the blockage of calpains suppresses p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and identifies calpain activation (most likely calpain 2) as an early event in heat stress-induced male germ cell apoptosis.
authors: Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Lizama
authors: Carlos F
authors: CF
authors: Lagos
authors: Raúl
authors: R
authors: Lagos-Cabré
authors: Lorena
authors: L
authors: Cantuarias
authors: Freddy
authors: F
authors: Rivera
authors: Patricio
authors: P
authors: Huenchuñir
authors: Tomás
authors: T
authors: Pérez-Acle
authors: Flavio
authors: F
authors: Carrión
authors: Ricardo D
authors: RD
authors: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D006023:Glycoproteins; C039304:calpain inhibitors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases