title: High-resolution MR lymphography using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) in the evaluation of axillary lymph nodes in patients with early stage breast cancer: preliminary results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) lymphography using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) in the evaluation of axillary lymph nodes in patients with early stage breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten women with breast cancer without swollen axillary lymph nodes were enrolled in this study. High-resolution MR lymphography was performed 24 h after administration of USPIO. On the MR examination, a 3-inch surface coil was placed on the sentinel lymph node (SLN) parts as defined by a radioisotope (RI) scintigraphy method, and T2*-weighted (T2*W) and T1-weighted (T1W) images were obtained. Detected nodes were differentiated as normal or diseased nodes by the enhancement patterns. The day after MR examination, SLN biopsy (SNB) was performed. The imaging results were compared to the histopathologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On MR images, the mean number of detectable nodes was 7.9 per patient. Eight patients who histopathologically had no metastatic lymph nodes were diagnosed as nonmetastatic and two patients who had 3- and 6-mm metastatic areas in the node, respectively, were diagnosed as metastatic preoperatively. No side effects were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-resolution MR lymphography using USPIO enabled us to obtain good axillary lymph node evaluation results. These results suggest that this method of imaging may contribute to better preoperative lymph node staging.
authors: Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan.
authors: Kosei
authors: K
authors: Kimura
authors: Nobuhiko
authors: N
authors: Tanigawa
authors: Mitsuru
authors: M
authors: Matsuki
authors: Takehiro
authors: T
authors: Nohara
authors: Mitsuhiko
authors: M
authors: Iwamoto
authors: Kazuhiro
authors: K
authors: Sumiyoshi
authors: Satoru
authors: S
authors: Tanaka
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Takahashi
authors: Yoshifumi
authors: Y
authors: Narumi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C097921:ferumoxtran-10