title: Effect of bone crest to contact point distance on central papilla height using embrasure morphologies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether embrasure morphology can affect the association between bone crest-contact point distance and central papilla height in esthetic dentistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  The central papilla was visually assessed in 310 adults using standardized periapical radiographs of the maxillary central incisors. The following vertical distances were measured: bone crest to contact point, proximal cementoenamel junction to contact point, and papilla height. The horizontal distance measured was the interdental width. Subjects were divided into 4 groups according to interdental width and proximal cementoenamel junction-contact point distance: narrow-long, narrow-short, wide-long, and wide-short.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In subjects with papilla recession, the longer the bone crest-contact point distance, the greater the mean papilla height in all study groups except the narrow-long group. Significant correlations were found between papilla height and bone crest-contact point distance in subjects with recession.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various embrasure morphologies did not affect central papilla height in subjects with papilla recession. However, other factors may affect the central papilla height, and further study of these factors is necessary.
authors: Department of Dentistry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China. liching@ms39.hinet.net
authors: Li-Ching
authors: LC
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D009811:Odontometry; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000033:anatomy & histology