title: Risk factors for the development of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures among older men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoporotic fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality particularly among older men. However, there is little information regarding risk factors among this population. The aims of our study were to determine risk factors for osteoporosis and fragility fractures and the predictive value of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements for development of fragility fractures in a cohort of elderly Caucasian and African American men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 257 men aged 70 years or older for risk factors for osteoporosis and fragility fractures using a detailed questionnaire and BMD assessment. Exclusion criteria included conditions known to cause osteoporosis such as hypogonadism and chronic steroid use, current treatment with bisphosphonates, bilateral hip arthroplasties, and inability to ambulate independently.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, weight, weight loss, androgen deprivation treatment, duration of use of dairy products, exercise, and fracture within 10 years prior to study entry were associated with osteoporosis (p < or = 0.05). Fragility fractures were associated with duration of use of dairy products, androgen deprivation treatment, osteoporosis, and history of fracture within 10 years prior to BMD assessment (p < or = 0.05). There were some differences in risk factors between the Caucasian and African American populations, suggesting that risk factors may vary between ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although men with osteoporosis had a higher rate of fractures, the majority of fractures occurred in men with T-scores > -2.5 standard deviations below the mean, suggesting that factors other than BMD are also important in determining risk.
authors: Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0563, USA.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Thomas-John
authors: Mary B
authors: MB
authors: Codd
authors: Sialaja
authors: S
authors: Manne
authors: Nelson B
authors: NB
authors: Watts
authors: Anne-Barbara
authors: AB
authors: Mongey
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D013256:Steroids / Q000009:adverse effects; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D013256:Steroids