Cytokines and schizophrenia: Microglia hypothesis of schizophrenia.
The etiology of schizophrenia remains unclear, while there has been a growing amount of evidence for the neuroinflammation and immunogenetics, which are characterized by an increased serum concentration of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Despite the fact that microglia comprise only <10% of the total brain cells, microglia respond rapidly to even minor pathological changes in the brain and may contribute directly to the neuronal degeneration by producing various pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radicals. In many aspects, the neuropathology of schizophrenia has recently been reported to be closely associatedwith microglial activation. Previous studies have shown the inhibitory effects of some typical/atypical antipsychotics on the release of inflammatory cytokines and free radicals from activated microglia, both of which have recently been known to cause a decrease in neurogenesis as well as white matter abnormalities in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. The microglia hypothesis of schizophrenia may shed new light on the therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia.
Monji
Akira
A
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. amonji@hf.rim.or.jp
Kato
Takahiro
T
Kanba
Shigenobu
S
D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D055495:Neurogenesis; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D016207:Cytokines