title: Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
abstract: In this article, aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have been described bearing in mind the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and their possible therapeutic opportunities. The importance of the routes of administration of the different therapeutic groups has been emphasized. The classical aspects of drug metabolism and disposition related to oral administration have been reviewed, but special emphasis has been given to intranasal, cutaneous, transdermal, and ocular administration as well as to the absorption and the subsequent bioavailability of drugs. Drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters present in extrahepatic tissues, such as nasal mucosa and the respiratory tract, have been particularly discussed. As marketed antiallergic drugs include both racemates and enantiomers, aspects of stereoselective absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have been discussed. Finally, a new and promising methodology, microdosing, has been presented, although it has not yet been applied to drugs used in the treatment of allergic diseases.
authors: UCB Pharma SA, Belgium. Margherita.strolin@ucb-group.com
authors: Margherita Strolin
authors: MS
authors: Benedetti
authors: Rhys
authors: R
authors: Whomsley
authors: Italo
authors: I
authors: Poggesi
authors: Willi
authors: W
authors: Cawello
authors: François-Xavier
authors: FX
authors: Mathy
authors: Marie-Laure
authors: ML
authors: Delporte
authors: Peggy
authors: P
authors: Papeleu
authors: Jean-Baptiste
authors: JB
authors: Watelet
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009928:Organ Specificity; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins