title: Multiple cognitive deficits in patients during the mild cognitive impairment stage of Alzheimer's disease: how are cognitive domains other than episodic memory impaired?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about how cognitive domains other than episodic memory are affected during the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We attempted to clarify this issue in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven Japanese subjects were divided into two groups: one comprising people in the MCI stage of AD (MCI group, n = 28) and the other of normal controls (NC group, n = 29). Cognitive functions were assessed using the Japanese version of the neurobehavioral cognitive status examination (J-COGNISTAT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MCI group performed significantly worse than the NC group on subtests that assessed orientation, confrontational naming, constructive ability, episodic memory, and abstract thinking. Three-quarters of the MCI group had deficits in memory and other non-mnemonic domains, particularly constructive ability and abstract thinking. However, within-subject comparisons showed that the MCI group performed significantly worse on the memory subtest compared to any other subtest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Besides episodic memory, multiple non-mnemonic cognitive domains, such as constructive ability and abstract thinking, are also impaired during the MCI stage of AD; however, these non-mnemonic deficits are smaller than episodic memory impairment.
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Japan. matsuda@u-gakugei.ac.jp
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Matsuda
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Saito
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values