title: Congenital small kidney can be an indicator of surgical treatment in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of congenital small kidney as a treatment indicator in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five children aged from 1 day to 108 months with primary VUR were analyzed retrospectively. The children were divided into 2 groups: a normal kidney group (n = 45) and a small kidney group (n = 44). VUR grade, age, sex, and bilaterality were compared between the 2 groups. As well, the incidence of spontaneous resolution/improvement in VUR and antireflux surgery were compared between the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were observed in either presenting age bilaterality or follow-up period between the 2 groups. The most common grades were III in the normal kidney group (20/45) and IV in the small kidney group (22/44). Spontaneous resolution/improvement in VUR in the normal and small kidney groups occurred in 11 of 20 vs 0 of 6, 6 of 15 vs 1 of 22, and 2 of 10 vs 0 of 16 children with grades III, IV, and V, respectively. Antireflux surgery was performed in the normal and small kidney groups in 9 of 20 vs 6 of 6, 9 of 15 vs 21 of 22, and 8 of 10 vs 16 of 16 children with grades III, IV, and V, respectively. On multivariate analysis, renal size was a statistically significant indicator of an antireflux surgery after adjusting for age, bilaterality, and VUR grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with primary VUR accompanying small kidney show a lower opportunity of spontaneous resolution or improvement in VUR. Congenital small kidney could be an additional indicator for early surgical correction along with grade, age, sex, and laterality in children with primary VUR.
authors: Department of Urology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea. sangraal@dsmc.or.kr
authors: Hyuk Soo
authors: HS
authors: Chang
authors: Kwang Sae
authors: KS
authors: Kim
authors: In Sung
authors: IS
authors: Chung
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery*