Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
In this article, aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have been described bearing in mind the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and their possible therapeutic opportunities. The importance of the routes of administration of the different therapeutic groups has been emphasized. The classical aspects of drug metabolism and disposition related to oral administration have been reviewed, but special emphasis has been given to intranasal, cutaneous, transdermal, and ocular administration as well as to the absorption and the subsequent bioavailability of drugs. Drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters present in extrahepatic tissues, such as nasal mucosa and the respiratory tract, have been particularly discussed. As marketed antiallergic drugs include both racemates and enantiomers, aspects of stereoselective absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have been discussed. Finally, a new and promising methodology, microdosing, has been presented, although it has not yet been applied to drugs used in the treatment of allergic diseases.
Benedetti
Margherita Strolin
MS
UCB Pharma SA, Belgium. Margherita.strolin@ucb-group.com
Whomsley
Rhys
R
Poggesi
Italo
I
Cawello
Willi
W
Mathy
François-Xavier
FX
Delporte
Marie-Laure
ML
Papeleu
Peggy
P
Watelet
Jean-Baptiste
JB
D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009928:Organ Specificity; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins