title: Attenuated store-operated Ca2+ entry underpins the dual inhibition of nitric oxide and EDHF-type relaxations by iodinated contrast media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to investigate whether alterations in endothelial Ca(2+) homeostasis contribute to the clinical toxicity of iodinated radiographic contrast media (IRCM) by modulating nitric oxide (NO) production and the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) phenomenon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The triiodinated monomer iohexol caused concentration-dependent reductions in store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) in rabbit aortic valve endothelium incubated in Ca(2+)-free buffer with cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 30 microM) to deplete endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores. This action was mimicked by Gd(3+) ions and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, two established inhibitors of SOCE, whereas Ca(2+) entry was unaffected by the osmotic agent mannitol. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that iohexol did not prevent CPA-evoked membrane clustering of Orai1, the key pore element of the store-operated Ca(2+) channel (SOC) apparatus. In myograph studies with rabbit iliac artery rings, iohexol, and the hexaiodinated dimer iodixanol (both at 90 mg I/mL) attenuated NO-mediated and EDHF-type arterial relaxations evoked by CPA, but did not affect EDHF-type relaxations to acetylcholine, whose principal mode of action is to mobilize Ca(2+) via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3))-induced Ca(2+) release. Iohexol also exerted inhibitory effects on NO-mediated relaxation and smooth muscle contraction that were not evident with iodixanol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data support the hypothesis that IRCM induce generalized endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting Ca(2+) influx via SOCs rather than their assembly. The presence of organically bound iodine, rather than osmolar effects, may underpin this previously unrecognized phenomenon. In contrast, direct effects of IRCM on smooth muscle function may correlate with osmolarity rather than iodine concentration.
authors: Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
authors: Sofia
authors: S
authors: Fernandez-Rodriguez
authors: David H
authors: DH
authors: Edwards
authors: Ben
authors: B
authors: Newton
authors: Tudor M
authors: TM
authors: Griffith
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007472:Iohexol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D015220:Calcium Channels; D003287:Contrast Media; D007211:Indoles; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C067410:endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007472:Iohexol; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C051038:Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase; C044834:iodixanol; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002118:Calcium; C000543:cyclopiazonic acid