title: Upper eyelid anatomy: an update.
abstract: Eyelid surgery necessitates a thorough knowledge of eyelid anatomy. Recent contributions to the literature have significantly advanced our understanding of eyelid anatomy. In this review, we present an update of the anatomy and the implications for upper eyelid surgery. Aspects to be covered include the levator aponeurosis, Müller's muscle, lamina propria mucosae of conjunctiva, orbital septum, myoneural junction of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, adipose tissue, and the ligament system.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan. cosme@d1.dion.ne.jp
authors: Hirohiko
authors: H
authors: Kakizaki
authors: Raman
authors: R
authors: Malhotra
authors: Dinesh
authors: D
authors: Selva
mesh_terms: D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011379:Prognosis; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome