title: Novel genetic variants in the alpha-adducin and guanine nucleotide binding protein beta-polypeptide 3 genes and salt sensitivity of blood pressure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the association between 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the alpha-adducin (ADD1) and guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) beta-polypeptide 3 (GNB3) genes and systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial (MAP) pressure responses to salt intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 7-day low-sodium (51.3 mmol sodium/day) followed by a 7-day high-sodium intervention (307.8 mmol sodium/day) was conducted among 1,906 Han participants from rural North China. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained at baseline and at the end of each intervention period using a random-zero sphygmomanometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified a significant association between a rare ADD1 variant rs17833172 and SBP, DBP, and MAP responses to high sodium (P values <0.0001) and DBP response to low sodium (P value = 0.002). Participants homozygous for the variant A allele of this marker had SBP, DBP, and MAP responses (95% confidence interval) to high salt of 1.6 (-1.8, 4.9), -0.8 (-5.6, 4.0), and -0.1 (-4.0, 3.9) mm Hg, respectively, vs. corresponding responses of 4.6 (2.5, 6.6), 1.7 (-0.2, 3.6), and 2.7 (0.9, 4.4) mm Hg, respectively, for those who were heterozygous or homozygous for the G allele. In addition, participants with at least one copy of the A allele of SNP rs1129649 of the GNB3 gene had significantly decreased MAP response to low salt compared to homozygotes for the C allele (P value = 0.004) with responses of -3.4 (-3.8, -3.0) vs. -4.2 (-4.6, -3.8) mm Hg, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support a role for the ADD1 and GNB3 genes in BP salt sensitivity. Future studies aimed at replicating these novel findings are warranted.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. tkelly@tulane.edu
authors: Tanika N
authors: TN
authors: Kelly
authors: Treva K
authors: TK
authors: Rice
authors: Dongfeng
authors: D
authors: Gu
authors: James E
authors: JE
authors: Hixson
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Depei
authors: D
authors: Liu
authors: Cashell E
authors: CE
authors: Jaquish
authors: Lydia A
authors: LA
authors: Bazzano
authors: Dongsheng
authors: D
authors: Hu
authors: Jixiang
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: C Charles
authors: CC
authors: Gu
authors: Jianfeng
authors: J
authors: Huang
authors: L Lee
authors: LL
authors: Hamm
authors: Jiang
authors: J
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics*; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000099291:Adducins
chemical_list: D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D000099291:Adducins; C454420:G-protein beta3 subunit