title: NMR-based metabonomics reveals that plasma betaine increases upon intake of high-fiber rye buns in hypercholesterolemic pigs.
abstract: This study presents an NMR-based metabonomic approach to explore the overall endogenous biochemical effects of a rye versus wheat-based fiber-rich diet in hypercholesterolemic pigs. The pigs were fed high-fat, high-cholesterol rye- (n = 9) or wheat- (n = 8) based buns with similar levels of dietary fiber for 9-10 wk. Fasting plasma samples were collected 2 days before and after 8 and 12 days on the experimental diets, while postprandial samples taken after 58-67 days, and( 1)H NMR spectra were acquired on these. Principal component analysis on the obtained NMR spectra demonstrated clear effects of diet on the plasma metabolite profile, and partial least squares regression discriminant analysis on the spectra revealed that the intensity of the spectral region at 3.29 ppm dominated the differentiation between the two diets, as the rye diet was associated with higher spectral intensity in this region. The 3.29 ppm signal is ascribed to N(CH(3))(3) protons in betaine, which may be an important contributor to the health promoting effects of rye.
authors: Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarslev, Denmark. hannec.bertram@agrsci.dk
authors: Hanne Christine
authors: HC
authors: Bertram
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Malmendal
authors: Niels Chr
authors: NC
authors: Nielsen
authors: Ida Krestine
authors: IK
authors: Straadt
authors: Torben
authors: T
authors: Larsen
authors: Knud Erik Bach
authors: KE
authors: Knudsen
authors: Helle Nygaard
authors: HN
authors: Laerke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001622:Betaine / Q000097:blood*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D055432:Metabolomics; D012434:Secale; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001622:Betaine; D002784:Cholesterol