title: Antidepressants and cardiovascular outcomes in patients without known cardiovascular risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify a cohort of subjects without treatment for any cardiovascular risk and analyze the potential causative role of treatment for depression on the development of major cardiovascular outcomes during 2 years of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a record-linkage analysis of hospital discharge records, prescription databases and vital statistics for all consecutive patients aged 30 years or older in one Italian region during a 4-year period. Depression was defined in terms of exposure to at least three prescriptions of antidepressant drugs within 1 year. Patients had no history of treatment with cardiovascular or antidiabetic agents and had not been hospitalized with a diagnosis of any cardiovascular condition in the preceding year. Follow-up was extended up to 2 years or to time to occurrence of major outcomes defined as either all-cause mortality, hospitalization for any cardiovascular cause or chronic exposure to cardiovascular drugs (antihypertensive, statins, antidiabetics). The results are expressed hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) within age categories (30-49, 50-59, > or = 60 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 105,573 persons without treated cardiovascular risk at baseline were identified, among whom 1,129 (1.1%) had been chronically exposed to antidepressant treatment. Treated depression determined an increased risk of all cause-mortality (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.33-2.66, p < 0.001) and of subsequent treatment with antidiabetic agents (HR 0.89, 95% CI 1.34-2.66, p < 0.001), statins (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.53-2.29, p < 0.001) and antihypertensive drugs (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.47, p = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the general population without treated cardiovascular risk, pharmacologic treatment for depression was associated with an increase in all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular outcomes.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Laboratory of Pharmacoepidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy, monte@negrisud.it
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Monte
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Macchia
authors: Marilena
authors: M
authors: Romero
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: D'Ettorre
authors: Rachele
authors: R
authors: Giuliani
authors: Gianni
authors: G
authors: Tognoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic