Major increase in allergic sensitization in schoolchildren from 1996 to 2006 in northern Sweden.
BACKGROUND
Time trends for allergic sensitization are poorly known.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the trends in prevalence of allergic sensitization and associated risk factors in children.


METHODS
Two cohorts of children (age 7-8 years) were invited for skin prick tests (SPTs) 10 years apart, 1996 and 2006. The participation rates were 2148 (88%) and 1700 (90%), respectively. The methods were identical, and 10 common airborne allergens were used. An expanded International Study of Allergy and Asthma in Children questionnaire about symptoms and possible risk factors for allergic conditions was completed by the parents.


RESULTS
The prevalence of any positive SPT increased from 21% in 1996 to 30% in 2006 (P < .001). The pattern of sensitization remained similar, and sensitization to cat was most common both years, 13% and 19%, respectively. Sensitization to mites and mold was uncommon in both surveys. A family history of allergy was a significant risk factor for a positive SPT both years (odds ratio, 1.7). Factors that in 1996 had a protective effect, such as rural living and having several siblings, had lost this effect in 2006. The prevalence of most risk factors remained similar, but respiratory infections and smoking among parents decreased significantly. During the same period, there was no significant increase in the prevalence of current wheeze (11.9% to 12.4%, P = .636) or symptoms of rhinitis or eczema.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of allergic sensitization increased significantly from 1996 to 2006, whereas no increase in clinical symptoms was found. The parallel decrease in parental smoking and respiratory infections indicate a different influence of environmental factors on allergic sensitization and clinical symptoms, respectively.
Rönmark
Eva
E
Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Studies, Department of Medicine, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Luleå, Sweden. eva.ronmark@telia.com
Bjerg
Anders
A
Perzanowski
Matthew
M
Platts-Mills
Thomas
T
Lundbäck
Bo
B
D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012882:Skin Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
D000485:Allergens