title: Virtual reality skills training for health care professionals in alcohol screening and brief intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Educating physicians and other health care professionals about the identification and treatment of patients who drink more than recommended limits is an ongoing challenge.
  
  
  METHODS
  An educational randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the ability of a stand-alone training simulation to improve the clinical skills of health care professionals in alcohol screening and intervention. The "virtual reality simulation" combined video, voice recognition, and nonbranching logic to create an interactive environment that allowed trainees to encounter complex social cues and realistic interpersonal exchanges. The simulation included 707 questions and statements and 1207 simulated patient responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A sample of 102 health care professionals (10 physicians; 30 physician assistants or nurse practitioners; 36 medical students; 26 pharmacy, physican assistant, or nurse practitioner students) were randomly assigned to a no training group (n = 51) or a computer-based virtual reality intervention (n = 51). Professionals in both groups had similar pretest standardized patient alcohol screening skill scores: 53.2 (experimental) vs 54.4 (controls), 52.2 vs 53.7 alcohol brief intervention skills, and 42.9 vs 43.5 alcohol referral skills. After repeated practice with the simulation there were significant increases in the scores of the experimental group at 6 months after randomization compared with the control group for the screening (67.7 vs 58.1; P < .001) and brief intervention (58.3 vs 51.6; P < .04) scenarios.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The technology tested in this trial is the first virtual reality simulation to demonstrate an increase in the alcohol screening and brief intervention skills of health care professionals.
authors: Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. mike.fleming@fammed.wisc.edu
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Fleming
authors: Dale
authors: D
authors: Olsen
authors: Hilary
authors: H
authors: Stathes
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Boteler
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Grossberg
authors: Judie
authors: J
authors: Pfeifer
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Schiro
authors: Jane
authors: J
authors: Banning
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Skochelak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014922:Wisconsin