title: Polymerizable anionic gemini surfactants: physicochemical properties in aqueous solution and polymerization behavior.
abstract: A novel polymerizable anionic gemini surfactant has been synthesized and the physicochemical properties in aqueous solution have been studied with a combination of various analytical techniques. The surfactant (PA12-2-12) contains two anionic monomeric parts linked with an ethylene spacer and polymerizable methacryloxy groups covalently bound to the terminal of the hydrocarbon chains. The static surface tension data suggest that, when compared with a conventional (non-polymerizable) anionic gemini surfactant (A12-2-12), (i) the interfacial adsorption of PA12-2-12 occurs more effectively from low surfactant concentrations, whereas (ii) a weak interaction of the polymerizable terminal groups with water molecules (and/or the steric hindrance of the polymerizable groups) plays a significant role in the subsequent molecular packing at the air/aqueous solution interface. The latter effect (as well as the electrostatic repulsion between the anionic headgroups) results in a relatively less packed monolayer film, overcoming the strong intermolecular attractive interaction that is frequently seen for gemini surfactant systems. In the region of low added electrolyte concentrations, PA12-2-12 spontaneously forms spherical micelles in aqueous solution, which is confirmed with the Corrin-Harkins analysis (critical micelle concentration (cmc) vs. total counter-ion concentration) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The spherical micelles have been polymerized under UV light irradiation in the absence of added electrolytes. Cryo-TEM measurements confirm that no significant change in the original micelle morphology occurs during the polymerization. This offers a possibility that the polymerizable anionic gemini surfactant should be useful as nano-structural organic templates and/or interfacial stabilizers in aqueous solution.
authors: Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry in Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science. k-sakai@rs.noda.tus.ac.jp
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Sakai
authors: Miyuki
authors: M
authors: Wada
authors: Wataru
authors: W
authors: Matsuda
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Tsuchiya
authors: Yuichiro
authors: Y
authors: Takamatsu
authors: Kazuyuki
authors: K
authors: Tsubone
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Endo
authors: Kanjiro
authors: K
authors: Torigoe
authors: Hideki
authors: H
authors: Sakai
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Abe
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000737:chemistry; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008823:Micelles; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D004573:Electrolytes; D005030:Ethylenes; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D008689:Methacrylates; D008823:Micelles; D011108:Polymers; D012996:Solutions; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; C036216:ethylene