title: Root uptake and reduction of hexavalent chromium by aquatic macrophytes as assessed by high-resolution X-ray emission.
abstract: Aquatic macrophytes Salvinia auriculata, Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes were chosen to investigate the Cr(VI) reduced by root-based biosorption in a chromium uptake experiment, using a high-resolution XRF technique. These plants were grown in hydroponics medium supplied with non-toxic Cr concentrations during a 27-day metal uptake experiment. The high-resolution Cr-Kbeta fluorescence spectra for dried root tissues and Cr reference material (100% Cr, Cr(2)O(3), and CrO(3)) were measured using an XRF spectrometer. For all species of aquatic plant treated with Cr(VI), the energy of the Cr-Kbeta(2,5) line was shifted around 8 eV below the same spectral line identified for the Cr(VI) reference, but it was also near to the line identified for the Cr(III) reference. Moreover, there was a lack of the strong Cr-Kbeta'' line assigned to the Cr(VI) reference material within the Cr(VI)-treated plant spectra, suggesting the reduction of Cr(VI) for other less toxic oxidation states of Cr. As all Cr-Kbeta spectra of root tissue species were compared, the peak energies and lineshape patterns of the Cr-Kbeta(2,5) line are coincident for the same aquatic plant species, when they were treated with Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Based on the experimental evidence, the Cr(VI) reduction process has happened during metal biosorption by these plants.
authors: Postgraduate program of Chemical Engineering, NBQ, Paraná West State University, rua da faculdade 645, 85903-000, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil. f.espinoza@terra.com.br
authors: Fernando R
authors: FR
authors: Espinoza-Quiñones
authors: Neiva
authors: N
authors: Martin
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: Stutz
authors: German
authors: G
authors: Tirao
authors: Soraya M
authors: SM
authors: Palácio
authors: Márcia A
authors: MA
authors: Rizzutto
authors: Aparecido N
authors: AN
authors: Módenes
authors: Fernando G
authors: FG
authors: Silva
authors: Nayara
authors: N
authors: Szymanski
authors: Alexander D
authors: AD
authors: Kroumov
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002857:Chromium