title: Immunomodulatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects of violacein isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum.
abstract: Violacein was isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum, a soil Gram negative bacterium collected from the forest water body soil sample of Kolli Hills; Tamil Nadu, India. In the present study the immunomodulatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of violacein were investigated in wistar rats and mice. Analgesic effect was evaluated by acetic acid- induced writhing, formalin induced paw licking and hotplate tests. Immunomodulatory effect was investigated by using ovalbumin- induced active paw anaphylaxis and sheep red blood cells (SRBC)-induced DTH tests. Antipyretic activity was evaluated by yeast- induced hyperpyrexia in rats. The anti- oedema effect was compared with indomethacin. Violacein inhibited 42.9% of ovalbumin- induced edema. Further we found that violacein (40mg/kg b.w.) reduced the edema induced by sheep red blood cells. Violacein also produced significant (p<0.05) analgesic activity in acetic acid induced writhing response, formalin induced paw licking response and hot plate analysis. Treatment with violacein showed a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent reduction in pyrexia in rats. The results suggest that violacein possesses potent immunomodulatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.
authors: Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai-600 034, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Antonisamy
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ignacimuthu
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002861:Chromobacterium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004912:Erythrocytes; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007194:India; D007211:Indoles / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007213:Indomethacin; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010047:Ovalbumin; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012756:Sheep; D015003:Yeasts
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007211:Indoles; D005557:Formaldehyde; D010047:Ovalbumin; D019342:Acetic Acid; C063155:violacein; D007213:Indomethacin