title: Absolute myocardial blood flow determination using real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography during adenosine stress: comparison with single-photon emission computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE)-derived absolute myocardial blood flow for detection of myocardial perfusion abnormalities compared with simultaneous technetium 99 m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary-care medical institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  79 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simultaneous SPECT and real-time MCE during adenosine stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF, ml/min/g), microbubble velocity (beta, min(-1)), and reserve values. Endpoints included sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+) or negative likelihood ratio (LR-) and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reserve measurements were feasible in 975 of 1343 segments (73%); of these, 130 segments (13%) were abnormal by SPECT. MCE perfusion parameters clearly distinguished abnormal from normal segments for beta reserve (1.13 (0.99) vs 2.22 (1.36), p<0.001) and MBF reserve (1.80 (2.29) vs 3.69 (2.79), p<0.001). The beta reserve cut-off of 1.60 provided the following: AUC, 0.787; sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 66%; LR+, 2.40; and LR-, 0.28. The MBF reserve cut-off of 1.90 provided the following: AUC, 0.779; sensitivity, 73%; specificity, 72%; LR+, 2.69; and LR-, 0.37. MBF reserve had an AUC of 0.773 for the left anterior descending coronary artery, 0.885 for the left circumflex coronary artery and 0.739 for the right coronary artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time MCE-derived absolute MBF, beta, and reserve values are feasible and accurate for detecting myocardial perfusion abnormalities as defined by SPECT.
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Abdelmoneim
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Dhoble
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bernier
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Moir
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Hagen
authors: S A C
authors: SA
authors: Ness
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Abdel-Kader
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Pellikka
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Mulvagh
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014665:Vasodilator Agents
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D000241:Adenosine