title: High workload and job stress are associated with lower practice performance in general practice: an observational study in 239 general practices in the Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impact of high physician workload and job stress on quality and outcomes of healthcare delivery is not clear. Our study explored whether high workload and job stress were associated with lower performance in general practices in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of data from 239 general practices, collected in practice visits between 2003 to 2006 in the Netherlands using a comprehensive set of measures of practice management. Data were collected by a practice visitor, a trained non-physician observer using patients questionnaires, doctors and staff. For this study we selected five measures of practice performance as outcomes and six measures of GP workload and job stress as predictors. A total of 79 indicators were used out of the 303 available indicators. Random coefficient regression models were applied to examine associations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Workload and job stress are associated with practice performance.Workload: Working more hours as a GP was associated with more positive patient experiences of accessibility and availability (b = 0.16). After list size adjustment, practices with more GP-time per patient scored higher on GP care (b = 0.45). When GPs provided more than 20 hours per week per 1000 patients, patients scored over 80% on the Europep questionnaire for quality of GP care.Job stress: High GP job stress was associated with lower accessibility and availability (b = 0.21) and insufficient practice management (b = 0.25). Higher GP commitment and more satisfaction with the job was associated with more prevention and disease management (b = 0.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing more time in the practice, and more time per patient and experiencing less job stress are all associated with perceptions by patients of better care and better practice performance. Workload and job stress should be assessed by using list size adjusted data in order to realise better quality of care. Organisational development using this kind of data feedback could benefit both patients and GP.
authors: Center for Quality of Care Research, University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands. p.hombergh@chello.nl
authors: Pieter
authors: P
authors: van den Hombergh
authors: Beat
authors: B
authors: Künzi
authors: Glyn
authors: G
authors: Elwyn
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: van Doremalen
authors: Reinier
authors: R
authors: Akkermans
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Grol
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Wensing
mesh_terms: D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload