title: Agrichemicals in Nebraska, USA, watersheds: occurrence and endocrine effects.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the occurrence and endocrine effects of agrichemicals in four Nebraska, USA, watersheds--the Elkhorn, Platte, Niobrara, and Dismal rivers. Land use in the Elkhorn River and Platte River watersheds is characterized by intense agriculture, including row crop and beef cattle production. In contrast, land within the Niobrara River and Dismal River watersheds consists primarily of grasslands. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and caged fathead minnows were deployed at a site within each watershed for 7 d. The POCIS were analyzed for pesticides and hormones, while the caged minnows were analyzed for the expression of estrogen- and androgen-responsive genes. Amounts of pesticides recovered in POCIS extracts from the Elkhorn and Platte rivers were higher than those recovered from the Niobrara and Dismal rivers. Furthermore, female minnows deployed in the Elkhorn River experienced significant reductions in expression of two estrogen-responsive genes (vitellogenin and estrogen receptor α) relative to females deployed at the other sites, indicating alterations in endocrine function. However, the defeminization of these females could not be definitely linked to any of the agrichemicals detected in the POCIS recovered from the Elkhorn River.
authors: Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, USA. msellin@mail.unomaha.edu
authors: Marlo K
authors: MK
authors: Sellin
authors: Daniel D
authors: DD
authors: Snow
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Schwarz
authors: Barbara J
authors: BJ
authors: Carter
authors: Alan S
authors: AS
authors: Kolok
mesh_terms: D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D009329:Nebraska; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000235:genetics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D010575:Pesticides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical