title: A comparison of presentation levels to maximize word recognition scores.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While testing suprathreshold word recognition at multiple levels is considered best practice, studies on practice patterns do not suggest that this is common practice. Audiologists often test at a presentation level intended to maximize recognition scores, but methods for selecting this level are not well established for a wide range of hearing losses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the presentation level methods that resulted in maximum suprathreshold phoneme-recognition scores while avoiding loudness discomfort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Performance-intensity functions were obtained for 40 participants with sensorineural hearing loss using the Computer-Assisted Speech Perception Assessment. Participants had either gradually sloping (mild, moderate, moderately severe/severe) or steeply sloping losses. Performance-intensity functions were obtained at presentation levels ranging from 10 dB above the SRT to 5 dB below the UCL (uncomfortable level). In addition, categorical loudness ratings were obtained across a range of intensities using speech stimuli. Scores obtained at UCL - 5 dB (maximum level below loudness discomfort) were compared to four alternative presentation-level methods. The alternative presentation-level methods included sensation level (SL; 2 kHz reference, SRT reference), a fixed-level (95 dB SPL) method, and the most comfortable loudness level (MCL). For the SL methods, scores used in the analysis were selected separately for the SRT and 2 kHz references based on several criteria. The general goal was to choose levels that represented asymptotic performance while avoiding loudness discomfort. The selection of SLs varied across the range of hearing losses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scores obtained using the different presentation-level methods were compared to scores obtained using UCL - 5 dB. For the mild hearing loss group, the mean phoneme scores were similar for all presentation levels. For the moderately severe/severe group, the highest mean score was obtained using UCL - 5 dB. For the moderate and steeply sloping groups, the mean scores obtained using 2 kHz SL were equivalent to UCL - 5 dB, whereas scores obtained using the SRT SL were significantly lower than those obtained using UCL - 5 dB. The mean scores corresponding to MCL and 95 dB SPL were significantly lower than scores for UCL - 5 dB for the moderate and the moderately severe/severe group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For participants with mild to moderate gradually sloping losses and for those with steeply sloping losses, the UCL - 5 dB and the 2 kHz SL methods resulted in the highest scores without exceeding listeners' UCLs. For participants with moderately severe/severe losses, the UCL - 5 dB method resulted in the highest phoneme recognition scores.
authors: School of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr. - MC: 1518, San Diego, CA 92182-1518, USA. lguthrie@mail.sdsu.edu
authors: Lesli A
authors: LA
authors: Guthrie
authors: Carol L
authors: CL
authors: Mackersie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001302:Audiometry, Speech; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008144:Loudness Perception; D008875:Middle Aged; D010700:Phonetics; D013067:Speech Perception; D013069:Speech Reception Threshold Test / Q000379:methods*