title: Beta-amyloid oligomers induce phosphorylation of tau and inactivation of insulin receptor substrate via c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling: suppression by omega-3 fatty acids and curcumin.
abstract: Both insulin resistance (type II diabetes) and beta-amyloid (Abeta) oligomers are implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigate the role of Abeta oligomer-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation leading to phosphorylation and degradation of the adaptor protein insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). IRS-1 couples insulin and other trophic factor receptors to downstream kinases and neuroprotective signaling. Increased phospho-IRS-1 is found in AD brain and insulin-resistant tissues from diabetics. Here, we report Abeta oligomers significantly increased active JNK and phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser616) and tau (Ser422) in cultured hippocampal neurons, whereas JNK inhibition blocked these responses. The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) similarly inhibited JNK and the phosphorylation of IRS-1 and tau in cultured hippocampal neurons. Feeding 3xTg-AD transgenic mice a diet high in saturated and omega-6 fat increased active JNK and phosphorylated IRS-1 and tau. Treatment of the 3xTg-AD mice on high-fat diet with fish oil or curcumin or a combination of both for 4 months reduced phosphorylated JNK, IRS-1, and tau and prevented the degradation of total IRS-1. This was accompanied by improvement in Y-maze performance. Mice fed with fish oil and curcumin for 1 month had more significant effects on Y-maze, and the combination showed more significant inhibition of JNK, IRS-1, and tau phosphorylation. These data indicate JNK mediates Abeta oligomer inactivation of IRS-1 and phospho-tau pathology and that dietary treatment with fish oil/DHA, curcumin, or a combination of both has the potential to improve insulin/trophic signaling and cognitive deficits in AD.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors: Qiu-Lan
authors: QL
authors: Ma
authors: Fusheng
authors: F
authors: Yang
authors: Emily R
authors: ER
authors: Rosario
authors: Oliver J
authors: OJ
authors: Ubeda
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Beech
authors: Dana J
authors: DJ
authors: Gant
authors: Ping Ping
authors: PP
authors: Chen
authors: Beverly
authors: B
authors: Hudspeth
authors: Cory
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Yongle
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Harry V
authors: HV
authors: Vinters
authors: Sally A
authors: SA
authors: Frautschy
authors: Greg M
authors: GM
authors: Cole
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C508853:PSEN1 protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D053764:Presenilin-1; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins; D012694:Serine; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D003474:Curcumin