title: The impact of intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography on decision-making during cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Real time intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiograpgy (TOE) has an expanding role in peri-operative management and surgical decision making.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Studies of the effect of transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) on intraoperative decision making commonly emphasise major changes in operative plans. We examined more subtle effects using a novel scale, recording influences on management as follows: Level 1: TOE had no effect on management, confirmed and quantified known pathology. Level 2: TOE altered hemodynamic and/or anesthetic management. Level 3: TOE evaluated the adequacy of surgical intervention/or repair. Level 4: TOE led to an alteration in the surgical plan. We compared the impact of TOE as an aid to intra-operative management in coronary artery bypass cases with other types of cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, observational study in a single centre, university-affiliated hospital included 319 patients undergoing cardiac surgery and suitable for TOE. TOE was performed in each patient before and after the institution of cardiopulmonary by-pass. Normal and abnormal echocardiographic findings as well as immediate outcomes of the surgical procedure were recorded using a standard database form. Instances where TOE lead to alteration in operative management were documented. The findings were also compared with those documented on preoperative echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 141 CABG patients TOE had a level 1 impact in 73%, level 2 impact in 11.6%, levels 3 and 4 in 7% and 7.8% respectively. In 178 non CABG patients these values were 2%, 1.6%, (p < 0.05), 72.4% (p < 0.05) and 23.6% (p < 0.05) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of TOE in CABG procedures, while significantly less than that in non-CABG surgical procedures, remains substantial.
authors: Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland. smahdy2005@yahoo.co.uk
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Mahdy
authors: B O
authors: BO
authors: Brien
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Buggy
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Griffin
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods; D003657:Decision Making; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies