title: Dexmedetomidine sedation in children after cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine before and after early extubation after pediatric cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital pediatric intensive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 141 patients, depending on the treatment period, were divided between: 1) usual, postoperative, continuous, intravenous sedation with chlorpromazine, midazolam, or fentanyl (n = 85); and 2) treatment with dexmedetomidine, 0.4 to 0.6 microg/kg/hr (n = 56). Sedation was titrated to reach a Ramsay score of 4 or 5 by administering rescue boluses, as needed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary and secondary study end points were efficacy of sedation and frequency of adverse events, respectively. The numbers of rescue boluses needed and the proportion of ineffectively sedated patients were similar in both groups. The frequency of bradycardia or hypotension in the dexmedetomidine group was 21.4% (8.2% in usual sedative group, p = .04), requiring interventions to restore hemodynamic stability in 5.3% of patients (0% in usual sedative group, p = .06). Rates of respiratory depression (8.2% vs. 0%, p = .04) and involuntary movements (15.3% vs. 3.6%, p = .01) were higher in the usual sedation group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A usual sedation regimen and dexmedetomidine were similarly efficacious. Although dexmedetomidine was associated with a lower rate of respiratory depression, it caused a higher rate of adverse hemodynamic events, which might be a concern in hemodynamically unstable patients.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Hosokawa
authors: Nobuaki
authors: N
authors: Shime
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Kato
authors: Ayano
authors: A
authors: Taniguchi
authors: Yoshinobu
authors: Y
authors: Maeda
authors: Takako
authors: T
authors: Miyazaki
authors: Satoru
authors: S
authors: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020927:Dexmedetomidine