title: Assessing overall duration of cardiovascular medicines in veterans with established cardiovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to determine persistence, adherence, and time without therapy with cardiovascular medicines over all episodes of use among veterans following hospitalization for ischemic heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study using Department of Veterans' Affairs database including 9635 veterans with a hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, angina, or ischemic heart disease, and who had been dispensed cardiovascular medicines in the 3 months posthospitalization. The main outcome measures were duration of first treatment episode, duration of overall treatment episode, and adherence with recommended therapies: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), lipid-lowering therapy, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), beta-blockers, and antiplatelet therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median duration of overall treatment was 6.2 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.0-6.4] for lipid-lowering therapy, 5.4 years (95% CI: 5.1-5.5) for ACE inhibitors/ARBs, 5.0 years (95% CI: 4.8-5.1) for antiplatelets, 3.4 years (95% CI: 3.3-3.6) for beta-blockers, and 2.8 years (95% CI: 2.6-3.0) for CCBs. Adherence was 72% for CCBs, 75% for ACE inhibitors/ARBs, 84% for lipid-lowering therapy, and 84% for antiplatelets other than aspirin. The median time without therapy was 4.5 months or less for ACE inhibitors/ARBs, antiplatelets, and lipid-lowering therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Problems with medication adherence can relate to either persistence or compliance during treatment. This novel method provides a way to determine which of these factors is most problematic when considering chronic therapies. We found that Australian veterans with established cardiovascular disease are persistent with their cardiovascular therapy, with only small gaps in therapy.
authors: Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia Australia. libby.roughead@unisa.edu.au
authors: Elizabeth E
authors: EE
authors: Roughead
authors: Agnes I
authors: AI
authors: Vitry
authors: Adrian Kym
authors: AK
authors: Preiss
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Barratt
authors: Andrew L
authors: AL
authors: Gilbert
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents