title: Insertion of FLT3 internal tandem duplication in the tyrosine kinase domain-1 is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and inferior outcome.
abstract: To evaluate internal tandem duplication (ITD) insertion sites and length as well as their clinical impact in younger adult patients with FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML), sequencing after DNA-based amplification was performed in diagnostic samples from 241 FLT3-ITD-mutated patients. All patients were treated on 3 German-Austrian AML Study Group protocols. Thirty-four of the 241 patients had more than 1 ITD, leading to a total of 282 ITDs; the median ITD length was 48 nucleotides (range, 15-180 nucleotides). ITD integration sites were categorized according to functional regions of the FLT3 receptor: juxtamembrane domain (JMD), n = 148; JMD hinge region, n = 48; beta1-sheet of the tyrosine kinase domain-1 (TKD1), n = 73; remaining TKD1 region, n = 13. ITD length was strongly correlated with functional regions (P < .001). In multivariable analyses, ITD integration site in the beta1-sheet was identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor for achievement of a complete remission (odds ratio, 0.22; P = .01), relapse-free survival (hazard ratio, 1.86; P < .001), and overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.59; P = .008). ITD insertion site in the beta1-sheet appears to be an important unfavorable prognostic factor in young adult patients with FLT3-ITD-positive AML. The clinical trials described herein have been registered as follows: AML HD93 (already published in 2003), AML HD98A (NCT00146120; http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov), and AMLSG 07-04 (NCT00151242; http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov).
authors: Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany.
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Kayser
authors: Richard F
authors: RF
authors: Schlenk
authors: Martina Correa
authors: MC
authors: Londono
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Breitenbuecher
authors: Kerstin
authors: K
authors: Wittke
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Du
authors: Silja
authors: S
authors: Groner
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Späth
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Krauter
authors: Arnold
authors: A
authors: Ganser
authors: Hartmut
authors: H
authors: Döhner
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Fischer
authors: Konstanze
authors: K
authors: Döhner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020440:Gene Duplication; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C497970:FLT3 protein, human; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3