title: Aesthetic surgery in Asians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The article reviews literature on three distinct Asian facial aesthetic surgical procedures: Asian upper blepharoplasty, Asian augmentation rhinoplasty, and Asian skeletal facial contouring, which are considered to be unique in facial aesthetic procedures among Asians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asian upper blepharoplasty is not a Westernization procedure. Minimally invasive or noninvasive techniques such as use of continuous buried tarsal stitch have gained popularity. A separate incision for epicanthoplasty has been advocated. ePTFE as an alloplastic material has gained popularity in Asian augmentation rhinoplasty. Soft ePTFE sheets as augmentation material provide promise in the future. The popular choice for reduction malarplasty currently is to be able to perform procedure safely via intraoral approach. The current concept for lower facial reduction is a combined lateral mandibular reduction and reduction of angle of mandible and hypertrophic masseter muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three distinct sets of Asian facial aesthetic surgical procedures have been discussed via history, anatomy, technique, and current opinions. Familiarity with the culture, aesthetic, anatomic and technical components of these procedures is essential for a successful outcome.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Credit Valley Hospital, Peel Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario, Canada. drjosephwong@bellnet.ca
authors: Joseph K
authors: JK
authors: Wong
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome