title: Effect of fluoxetine on tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine in mice with skin cancer.
abstract: Adjuvant drugs that attenuate or inhibit the development of tolerance to morphine may lead to improved management of pain in chronic diseases such as cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of fluoxetine, a specific 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin) reuptake inhibitor, on tolerance induced to the analgesic effect of morphine in mice with skin cancer. The study was carried out on female Swiss albino mice. For skin tumorigensis, mice were initiated with a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by multiple doses of croton oil. Tolerance to morphine analgesia was induced by daily subcutaneous (sc) injections of morphine (5 mg/kg for 30 days) and assayed using the hot plate method. Results obtained from this study showed that pain thresholds in mice with skin cancer were significantly lower. Tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine (5 mg/kg, sc) appeared at day 15, whereas in normal and skin tumor bearing mice co-treated daily with morphine (5 mg/kg, sc) and three different intraperitoneal (ip) doses of fluoxetine (0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 mg/kg) tolerance was observed at days 20, 25 and 30, respectively. In conclusion, our data indicate that concurrent use of morphine with fluoxetine may produce good cancer pain control and attenuate the development of tolerance.
authors: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran. nayebia@yahoo.com
authors: Alireza Mohajjel
authors: AM
authors: Nayebi
authors: Hassan
authors: H
authors: Rezazadeh
authors: Yousef
authors: Y
authors: Parsa
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D005473:Fluoxetine; D009020:Morphine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors