title: Impact of chemotherapeutics and advanced testicular cancer or Hodgkin lymphoma on sperm deoxyribonucleic acid integrity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of combination chemotherapy on the quality of newly generated spermatozoa from patients with advanced testicular cancer and patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with newly diagnosed metastatic testicular cancer and with HL that required chemotherapy were compared with age-matched healthy community volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen parameters, hormone levels, testis volume, and presence of sperm DNA strand breaks in patients with cancer and in healthy community volunteers were compared before and after the patients' chemotherapy at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before chemotherapy, both cancer groups had poorer semen quality compared with community volunteers. Among patients with testicular cancer and HL, 67% and 60%, respectively, had <5x10(6) sperm/mL at 6 months after chemotherapy. At 24 months, 60% and 57% of patients with testicular cancer and HL, respectively, had normal sperm concentrations. Level of FSH was significantly higher in the cancer group compared with community volunteers at 6 to 12 months after chemotherapy. Before chemotherapy, sperm DNA damage was higher in the cancer group than in community volunteers; this damage was increased further at 6 months and remained elevated 24 months after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sperm generated after chemotherapy maintain a significant degree of chromatin damage. Therefore, survivors of testicular cancer and HL are at risk of having abnormal reproductive outcome. Proper counseling to these patients on reproductive risks and fertility preservation before chemotherapy is recommended.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors: Cristian
authors: C
authors: O'Flaherty
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors: Barbara F
authors: BF
authors: Hales
authors: Department of Urology, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Chan
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Urology, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: bernard.robaire@mcgill.ca.
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Robaire
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D018450:Disease Progression; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004247:DNA