title: Transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene in baboons treated with decitabine and in cultured erythroid progenitor cells involves different mechanisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanism(s) responsible for increased gamma-globin expression in vivo in decitabine-treated baboons and in vitro in cultured erythroid progenitor cells (EPC) from adult baboon bone marrow (BM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal liver, adult BM erythroid cells pre- and post-decitabine, and cultured EPCs were analyzed for distribution of RNA polymerase II, histone acetylation, and histone H3 (lys4) trimethyl throughout the gamma-globin gene complex by chromatin immunoprecipitation. DNA methylation of the gamma-globin promoter was determined by bisulfite sequencing. Expression of the baboon Igamma- and Vgamma-globin chains was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Expression of BCL11A, a recently identified repressor of gamma-globin expression, was analyzed by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased gamma-globin expression in decitabine-treated baboons and cultured EPC correlated with increased levels of RNA polymerase II, histone acetylation, and histone H3 (lys4) trimethyl associated with the gamma-globin gene consistent with a transcriptional activation mechanism. Cultured EPC expressed the Igamma- and Vgamma-globin chains in a pattern characteristic of fetal development. The level of DNA methylation of the gamma-globin gene promoter in EPC cultures was similar to BM erythroid cells from normal adult baboons. Different BCL11A isoforms were observed in BM erythroid cells and cultured EPC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanism responsible for increased gamma-globin expression in cultured EPC was unexpectedly not associated with increased DNA hypomethylation of the gamma-globin gene promoter compared to normal BM erythroid cells, in contrast to BM erythroid cells of decitabine-treated baboons. Rather, increased fetal hemoglobin in EPC cultures was associated with a fetal Igamma/Vgamma chain ratio and a difference in the size of the BCL11A protein compared to normal BM erythroid cells.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Chin
authors: Mahipal
authors: M
authors: Singh
authors: Virryan
authors: V
authors: Banzon
authors: Kestis
authors: K
authors: Vaitkus
authors: Vinzon
authors: V
authors: Ibanez
authors: Tatiana
authors: T
authors: Kouznetsova
authors: Nadim
authors: N
authors: Mahmud
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: DeSimone
authors: Donald
authors: D
authors: Lavelle
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000077209:Decitabine; D015672:Erythroid Precursor Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005865:Gestational Age; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D048530:Papio anubis / Q000235:genetics*; D018962:Phlebotomy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000502:physiology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D055545:gamma-Globins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein; D055545:gamma-Globins; D000077209:Decitabine; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin; D001374:Azacitidine