title: Prolonged grief disorder, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder among bereaved Kosovar civilian war survivors: a preliminary investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed at examining diagnostic concordance between Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among bereaved war survivors who had lost relatives due to war-related violence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the rates of PGD and its association with PTSD and MDD among 60 bereaved people who had lost first-degree relatives due to war-related violence seven years ago and had also experienced other war-related events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that 38.3% of the sample fulfilled the criteria for PGD, 55.0% for PTSD, and 38.3% for MDD. Thirty per cent of the participants without PTSD and 21.6% of those without MDD met criteria for PGD. Women were more likely to have PGD than men. The immediate threat to life was significantly associated with an elevated risk for PTSD and MDD, but not PGD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that many cases of PGD would be missed by an exclusive focus on PTSD among bereaved war survivors.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Frankfurt, Varrentrappstr. 40-42, D-60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. n.morina@uva.nl
authors: Nexhmedin
authors: N
authors: Morina
authors: Visar
authors: V
authors: Rudari
authors: Gaby
authors: G
authors: Bleichhardt
authors: Holly G
authors: HG
authors: Prigerson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D014857:Warfare; D055815:Young Adult; D015022:Yugoslavia / Q000453:epidemiology