title: Improving the cost-effectiveness of artificial visual baits for controlling the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes.
abstract: Tsetse flies, which transmit sleeping sickness to humans and nagana to cattle, are commonly controlled by stationary artificial baits consisting of traps or insecticide-treated screens known as targets. In Kenya the use of electrocuting sampling devices showed that the numbers of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Newstead) visiting a biconical trap were nearly double those visiting a black target of 100 cm x 100 cm. However, only 40% of the males and 21% of the females entered the trap, whereas 71% and 34%, respectively, alighted on the target. The greater number visiting the trap appeared to be due to its being largely blue, rather than being three-dimensional or raised above the ground. Through a series of variations of target design we show that a blue-and-black panel of cloth (0.06 m(2)) flanked by a panel (0.06 m(2)) of fine black netting, placed at ground level, would be about ten times more cost-effective than traps or large targets in control campaigns. This finding has important implications for controlling all subspecies of G. fuscipes, which are currently responsible for more than 90% of sleeping sickness cases.
authors: Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors: Jenny M
authors: JM
authors: Lindh
authors: Steve J
authors: SJ
authors: Torr
authors: Glyn A
authors: GA
authors: Vale
authors: Mike J
authors: MJ
authors: Lehane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003116:Color; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007300:Insect Control / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D011482:Protective Devices; D014370:Tsetse Flies