title: Aromatase promoter I.f is regulated by estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) in mouse hypothalamic neuronal cell lines.
abstract: Aromatase (CYP19A1) catalyzes the conversion of C(19) steroids to estrogens. Aromatase and its product estradiol (E(2)) are crucial for the sexually dimorphic development of the fetal brain and the regulation of gonadotropin secretion and sexual interest in adults. The regulation of aromatase expression in the brain is not well understood. The aromatase (Cyp19a1) gene is selectively expressed in distinct neurons of the hypothalamus through a distal brain-specific promoter I.f located approximately 36 kb upstream of the coding region. Here, we investigated a short feedback effect of E(2) on aromatase mRNA expression and enzyme activity using estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1; also known as ER alpha)-positive or ESR1-negative mouse embryonic hypothalamic neuronal cell lines that express aromatase via promoter I.f. Estradiol regulated aromatase mRNA expression and enzyme activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas an E(2) antagonist reversed these effects. The nucleotide -200/-1 region of promoter I.f conferred E(2) responsiveness. Two activator protein 1 (AP-1) elements in this region were essential for induction of promoter activity by E(2). ESR1 and JUN (c-Jun) bound to these AP-1 motifs in intact cells and under cell-free conditions. The addition of an ESR1 mutant that interacts with JUN but not directly with DNA enhanced E(2)-dependent promoter I.f activity. Independently, we demonstrated an interaction between ESR1 and JUN in hypothalamic cells. Knockdown of ESR1 abolished E(2)-induced aromatase mRNA and enzyme activity. Taken together, E(2) regulates Cyp19a1 expression via promoter I.f by enhanced binding of an ESR1/JUN complex to distinct AP-1 motifs in hypothalamic cells. We speculate that this mechanism may, in part, regulate gonadotropin secretion and sexual activity.
authors: Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors: M Bertan
authors: MB
authors: Yilmaz
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Wolfe
authors: You-Hong
authors: YH
authors: Cheng
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Glidewell-Kenney
authors: J Larry
authors: JL
authors: Jameson
authors: Serdar E
authors: SE
authors: Bulun
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001141:Aromatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D057075:Enzyme Assays; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D004958:Estradiol; D001141:Aromatase