Incidental and intentional sequence learning in youth-onset psychosis and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
The goal was to compare incidental and intentional spatial sequence learning in youth-onset psychosis and ADHD. The authors tested 8- to 19-year-olds with psychosis or ADHD and healthy controls on a serial reaction time (RT) task and used manual and oculomotor measures to examine learning. Participants were also administered a block in which they were explicitly instructed to learn a sequence. As in our previous studies with healthy adults and children, oculomotor anticipations and RTs showed learning effects similar to those in the manual modality. Results showed intact sequence-specific learning but fewer oculomotor anticipations in both clinical groups during incidental learning. In intentional learning, only the psychosis group showed impairments compared to controls. There were no interactions between age and diagnosis. Thus, the psychosis group showed relatively preserved incidental learning despite impairments in intentional learning. Additionally, both clinical groups showed impairments in the ability to search for, extract, and anticipate regularities (whether the regularities were there or not), but not in the ability to respond to these regularities when they were there.
Karatekin
Canan
C
Institute of Child Development, Univeristy of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA. karat004@umn.edu
White
Tonya
T
Bingham
Christopher
C
D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications*; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012691:Serial Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult