Effects of radionuclide and rainfall characteristics on field loss parameters of grass.
The decrease of foliar activity in vegetation after its initial contamination by foliar deposition is termed "field loss" (Chamberlain, 1970). This work investigated further laboratory data concerning field loss of (134)Cs, (137)Cs, (85)Sr, (133)Ba and (123m)Te deposited on grassland (Madoz-Escande et al., 2005). Treatments consisted in rainfall scenarios cumulating 14 mm per week, combining two levels of intensity (8 or 30 mm/h) and two levels of frequency/precocity (late once or early twice-a-week). The time course of field loss was monitored in the edible tissues which were sampled by mowing between the rainfalls. Data were analyzed with an offset exponential loss model which is applicable to chronic contamination and is consistent with approaches adopted in radiological assessment models. Its parameters were estimated by the maximum-likelihood method, and their accuracy was determined by nonparametric bootstrap. Radionuclide and rainfall conditions significantly affected the estimated rate (lambda(1)) and extent (A(1)) of field loss. Field loss rate (lambda(1)) and nonentrainable fraction (1-A(1)) varied by a factor 1.5-3. Cesium was very mobile but persistent. On the contrary Tellerium was found less labile, but eventually was almost completely eliminated. Strontium and Barium had intermediate behaviors. Field loss was more efficient for moderate late once-a-week rainfalls (8mm/h). Higher rainfall intensity reduced more the radionuclides losses than higher rainfall frequency/precocity. This paper reports statistically relevant effects that should be considered for more realistic assessments.
Garcia-Sanchez
L
L
Laboratory of Environmental Modelling, IRSN, centre de Cadarache, bât. 159, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France. laurent.garcia-sanchez@irsn.fr
Madoz-Escande
C
C
Gonze
M-A
MA
D001465:Barium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011847:Radioactive Fallout; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D011891:Rain; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D013691:Tellurium / Q000032:analysis
D001465:Barium Radioisotopes; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D011847:Radioactive Fallout; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants; D011868:Radioisotopes; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes; D013691:Tellurium