title: Novel 16-substituted bifunctional derivatives of huperzine B: multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design novel bifunctional derivatives of huperzine B (HupB) based on the concept of dual binding site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and evaluate their pharmacological activities for seeking new drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Novel 16-substituted bifunctional derivatives of HupB were synthesized through chemical reactions. The inhibitory activities of the derivatives toward AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were determined in vitro by modified Ellman's method. Cell viability was quantified by the reduction of MTT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A new preparative method was developed for the generation of 16-substituted derivatives of HupB, and pharmacological trials indicated that the derivatives were multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors targeting both AChE and BuChE. Among the derivatives tested, 9c, 9e, 9f, and 9i were 480 to 1360 times more potent as AChE inhibitors and 370 to 1560 times more potent as BuChE inhibitors than the parent HupB. Further preliminary pharmacological trials of derivatives 9c and 9i were performed, including examining the mechanism of AChE inhibition, the substrate kinetics of the enzyme inhibition, and protection against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary pharmacological evaluation indicated that 16-substituted derivatives of HupB, particularly 9c and 9i, would be potentially valuable new drug candidates for AD therapy, and further exploration is needed to evaluate their pharmacological and clinical efficacies.
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors: Yu-fang
authors: YF
authors: Shi
authors: Hai-yan
authors: HY
authors: Zhang
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Fu
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Xia
authors: Xi-can
authors: XC
authors: Tang
authors: Dong-lu
authors: DL
authors: Bai
authors: Xu-chang
authors: XC
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C053016:huperzine B; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase