title: Official positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) on DXA evaluation in children and adolescents.
abstract: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the most widely used technical instrument for evaluating bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in patients of all ages. However, its use in pediatric patients, during growth and development, poses a much more complex problem in terms of both the technical aspects and the interpretation of the results. For the adults population, there is a well-defined term of reference: the peak value of BMD attained by young healthy subjects at the end of skeletal growth. During childhood and adolescence, the comparison can be made only with healthy subjects of the same age, sex and ethnicity, but the situation is compounded by the wide individual variation in the process of skeletal growth (pubertal development, hormone action, body size and bone size). The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) organized a Pediatric Position Development Conference to discuss the specific problems of bone densitometry in growing subjects (9-19 years of age) and to provide essential recommendations for its clinical use.
authors: Bone Metabolism Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IRCCS), via L. Ariosto 13, 2014, Milan, Italy. ml.bianchi@auxologico.it
authors: Maria Luisa
authors: ML
authors: Bianchi
authors: Sanford
authors: S
authors: Baim
authors: Nick J
authors: NJ
authors: Bishop
authors: Catherine M
authors: CM
authors: Gordon
authors: Didier B
authors: DB
authors: Hans
authors: Craig B
authors: CB
authors: Langman
authors: Mary B
authors: MB
authors: Leonard
authors: Heidi J
authors: HJ
authors: Kalkwarf
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012955:Societies, Medical; D055815:Young Adult