title: Treating underlying attention deficits as a means for improving conversational discourse in individuals with closed head injury: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is documented that individuals with closed head injury (CHI) demonstrate difficulty with narrative and conversational discourse. Effective conversational discourse requires a complex interaction of linguistic, cognitive, and social abilities [6]. Reduced attention and concentration are among the most common cognitive sequela following CHI [39].
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated whether treatment of attention would facilitate conversational discourse for individuals with CHI. Two treatment protocols were investigated, the first social skills-based, and the second attention-based. It was hypothesized that attention training would improve not only attentional skills but also conversation, however social skills training, would only facilitate conversational skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single subject multiple treatments comparison design was employed with two individuals who were post-onset of CHI. Treatment effects on conversational performance were calculated using the f statistic [18] for measures of response appropriateness during conversations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Effect sizes suggested that both treatments were active; however, the participants' performances were variable reducing the magnitude of change observed. Results indicated minimal change from baselines, only partially supporting the research hypotheses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the two treatment regimens had some effect on the participants' conversational performances it was not to the extent anticipated. The issues of candidacy for such treatments as well as the importance of incorporating natural contingencies into interventions for conversation training are discussed.
authors: University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. kathleen.youse@uky.edu
authors: Kathleen M
authors: KM
authors: Youse
authors: Carl A
authors: CA
authors: Coelho
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003142:Communication; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008037:Linguistics; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome