title: Influence of reproductive factors on mortality after epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many studies have examined the influence of reproductive factors on ovarian cancer risk, few have investigated their effect on ovarian cancer survival. We examined the prognostic influence of reproductive factors on survival after ovarian cancer diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a longitudinal analysis of 410 women, ages 20 to 54 years, who participated in the 1980 to 1982 Cancer and Steroid Hormone study as incident ovarian cancer cases. We obtained their vital status by linking Cancer and Steroid Hormone records with Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. We used the Kaplan-Meier approach to estimate survival probabilities and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 212 women died. Of the reproductive factors examined, only age at menarche and number of lifetime ovulatory cycles (LOC) relative to age significantly predicted ovarian cancer survival. Risk for death was higher among women with highest number of LOC compared with those having fewest LOC (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.20-2.33). Women with fewest LOC had the highest 15-year survival (56.7%; 95% CI, 47.8-64.6%), and women with the highest LOC had the poorest (33.3%; 95% CI, 25.3-41.5%). Women whose age at menarche was <12 years had a higher risk of death compared with women whose menses began at > or =14 years (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.02-2.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that high LOC and early age at menarche were associated with decreased survival after ovarian cancer.
authors: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Career Development Division, Office of Workforce and Career Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. ggf9@cdc.gov
authors: Cheryl L
authors: CL
authors: Robbins
authors: Maura K
authors: MK
authors: Whiteman
authors: Susan D
authors: SD
authors: Hillis
authors: Kathryn M
authors: KM
authors: Curtis
authors: Jill A
authors: JA
authors: McDonald
authors: Phyllis A
authors: PA
authors: Wingo
authors: Aniket
authors: A
authors: Kulkarni
authors: Polly A
authors: PA
authors: Marchbanks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008572:Menarche / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017584:Reproductive History; D018426:SEER Program; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult