State of postmortem genetic testing known as the cardiac channel molecular autopsy in the forensic evaluation of unexplained sudden cardiac death in the young.
BACKGROUND
Thousands of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults die sudden and unexpectedly each year in the United States. A significant proportion are autopsy negative and are classified as autopsy negative sudden unexplained death (SUD) after the first year of life and as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) if prior to their first birthday. Postmortem genetic testing known as the cardiac channel molecular autopsy is capable of identifying the subset of channelopathic SUD/SIDS.


METHODS
Review of the literature and analysis of the state of such postmortem genetic testing in the evaluation of SUD/SIDS.


RESULTS
Although still confined to anecdotal reports, relatively small case series of coroner/medical examiner-referred cases of SUD/SIDS, and one population-based cohort of SIDS, it is estimated that approximately 25-35% of autopsy-negative SUD and approximately 10% of SIDS may stem from mutations in either long QT syndrome (LQTS)- or catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT)-susceptibility genes.


CONCLUSIONS
Whether the cardiac channel molecular autopsy should become the standard of care in the postmortem evaluation of autopsy negative SUD or SIDS will require further scrutiny. Cost effectiveness analyses of a more intense postmortem focus on the decedent compared to the current battery of tests recommended for the deceased SUD victim's first degree relatives should be performed.


CONCLUSIONS
If deemed justified to upgrade such postmortem genetic testing from "investigational" to clinically indicated, uniform "standard operating procedures" to ensure that tissue is acquired and archived in a manner that is "DNA friendly" and insurance coverage that extends beyond one's final breath will be needed.
Ackerman
Michael J
MJ
Long QT Syndrome Clinic, Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. ackerman.michael@mayo.edu
D000293:Adolescent; D001344:Autopsy / Q000379:methods*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac; D053803:Forensic Genetics / Q000639:trends*; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000639:trends*; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000235:genetics*
D007473:Ion Channels