Combination of soluble coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor and anti-coxsackievirus siRNAs exerts synergistic antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B3.
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB-3) is a major causative agent of chronic heart muscle infections. The present study describes a cell culture system with an ongoing virus infection to evaluate two novel inhibitory strategies, either individually or combined: (1) RNA interference (RNAi) to degrade cytoplasmatic CVB-3 RNA and (2) a vector-delivered soluble variant of the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor fused to a human immunoglobulin (sCAR-Fc), which inhibits cellular uptake of CVB-3. Both approaches were capable of inhibiting CVB-3 in persistently infected human myocardial fibroblasts. The antiviral effect of a single treatment lasted for up to one week and could be extended by repeated applications. Each of the single treatments initially reduced the virus titer by approximately 1-log, whereas the combination of both approaches resulted in 4-log inhibition and retained substantial antiviral activity at later time points, when the effect of sCAR-Fc or siRNAs alone had already disappeared. Further analysis revealed that sCAR-Fc protects cells from virus-induced lysis but does not diminish the virus load. Reduction of the virus titer was only achieved with additional destruction of viral RNA by RNAi. Taken together, combination of RNAi and a protein-based antiviral strategy was found to result in a strong synergistic inhibition of an ongoing virus infection.
Werk
Denise
D
Free University Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Pinkert
Sandra
S
Heim
Albert
A
Zeichhardt
Heinz
H
Grunert
Hans-Peter
HP
Poller
Wolfgang
W
Erdmann
Volker A
VA
Fechner
Henry
H
Kurreck
Jens
J
D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D062727:Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000187:drug effects*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D053585:Virus Attachment / Q000187:drug effects*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
D000998:Antiviral Agents; C568771:CLMP protein, human; D062727:Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011991:Receptors, Virus