title: Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into anterior definitive endoderm.
abstract: Anterior definitive endoderm (ADE) is both an important embryonic signaling center and a unique multipotent precursor of liver, pancreas, and other visceral organs. Here we describe a method for the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to endoderm with pronounced anterior character. ADE-containing cultures can be produced in vitro by suspension (aggregation or embryoid body) culture and in a serum-free adherent monolayer culture. Purified ES cell-derived ADE cells appear committed to endodermal fates and can undergo further differentiation in vitro towards liver and pancreas with enhanced efficiency.
authors: MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Livigni
authors: Santiago Nahuel
authors: SN
authors: Villegas
authors: Ifigenia
authors: I
authors: Oikonomopoulou
authors: Afifah
authors: A
authors: Rahman
authors: Gillian M
authors: GM
authors: Morrison
authors: Joshua M
authors: JM
authors: Brickman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D004707:Endoderm / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice