title: [Renal tumor with inferior vena cava thrombus. Surgical approach and prognosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate strategies used for surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with tumoral thrombus extension in the inferior vena cava (IVC) and evaluate patient's prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  [corrected] Fifteen patients with renal tumor and IVC thrombus, underwent radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy, and were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were followed for 0 to 36 months (mean of 9.5 months). Computed tomography (CT) scan with three-dimensional reconstruction was used to define IVC thrombus level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 54 years, range from 16 to 79. The thrombus was classified as level I -- 13.5%, level II -- 40%, level III -- 26.5% and level IV -- 20%. Surgery was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in six (40%) cases, three (50%) without sternotomy. There was one (13%) death during the intraoperative period; this patient presented extensive metastatic tumor, with the thrombus reaching the right atrium. Patients with lymph node or metastatic disease at initial presentation had poorer overall survival in Kaplan-Meier curve. Both, tumor stage (p = 0.380), and thrombus extension (p = 0.174) were not related to survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite its morbidity and mortality, radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy should be performed in case of renal cell carcinoma with tumoral thrombus, because it can offers the possibility of local control. Patients with lymph node and distant metastatic disease have poor prognoses.
authors: Sección de Urología Oncológica, Servicio de Urología, Universidad de Campinas, Unicamp-Campinas, Brasil.
authors: Fernandes
authors: F
authors: Denardi
authors: Leonardo Oliveira
authors: LO
authors: Reis
authors: Ricardo Reges M
authors: RR
authors: Oliveira
authors: Fábio
authors: F
authors: Ferreira
authors: Ubirajara
authors: U
authors: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior; D055815:Young Adult