title: Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its inflammatory ligand EN-RAGE in non-diabetic subjects with pre-mature coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation participates in atherosclerosis from its inception onwards. RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) and its natural pro-inflammatory ligand, EN-RAGE (extracellular newly identified RAGE-binding protein) have been implicated in various inflammatory diseases. In present study, we determined the expression of RAGE and EN-RAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of subjects with pre-mature coronary artery disease (CAD) for the first time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study patients were angiographically proven non-diabetic patients with pre-mature CAD (Group I; N=100) and control group comprised of subjects with coronary risk factors and without coronary artery lesions (Group II; N=40). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to determine transcriptional expression of RAGE and EN-RAGE in PBMCs. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were determined in serum of all study subjects using immunoassays. A significantly increased transcriptional expression of RAGE and EN-RAGE in PBMCs (p<0.01) of Group I patients was observed. Increased circulating hsCRP (p<0.01) levels and decreased sRAGE (p<0.01) levels were observed in Group I as compared with the Group II subjects. Severity of disease determined by Gensini score was found to be positively correlated with transcriptional expression of RAGE (r=0.530) and EN-RAGE (r=0.323). EN-RAGE expression revealed a strong association with RAGE (r=0.326), hsCRP (r=0.251) and a negative association with sRAGE (r=-0.222).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased expression of RAGE and EN-RAGE in non-diabetic pre-mature CAD and various associations discussed may amplify several cellular perturbations and thus significantly contribute to the pathophysiology of CAD.
authors: Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
authors: Nitin
authors: N
authors: Mahajan
authors: Namita
authors: N
authors: Malik
authors: Ajay
authors: A
authors: Bahl
authors: Veena
authors: V
authors: Dhawan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008024:Ligands; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D000067616:S100A12 Protein; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D009418:S100 Proteins; D000067616:S100A12 Protein; C090441:S100A12 protein, human; D002097:C-Reactive Protein