title: A functional difficulty and functional pain instrument for hip and knee osteoarthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this study were to develop a functional outcome instrument for hip and knee osteoarthritis research (OA-FUNCTION-CAT) using item response theory (IRT) and computer adaptive test (CAT) methods and to assess its psychometric performance compared to the current standard in the field.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an extensive literature review, focus groups, and cognitive testing to guide the construction of an item bank consisting of 125 functional activities commonly affected by hip and knee osteoarthritis. We recruited a convenience sample of 328 adults with confirmed hip and/or knee osteoarthritis. Subjects reported their degree of functional difficulty and functional pain in performing each activity in the item bank and completed the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess scale uni-dimensionality, and IRT methods were used to calibrate the items and examine the fit of the data. We assessed the performance of OA-FUNCTION-CATs of different lengths relative to the full item bank and WOMAC using CAT simulation analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analyses revealed distinct functional difficulty and functional pain domains. Descriptive statistics for scores from 5-, 10-, and 15-item CATs were similar to those for the full item bank. The 10-item OA-FUNCTION-CAT scales demonstrated a high degree of accuracy compared with the item bank (r = 0.96 and 0.89, respectively). Compared to the WOMAC, both scales covered a broader score range and demonstrated a higher degree of precision at the ceiling and reliability across the range of scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OA-FUNCTION-CAT provided superior reliability throughout the score range and improved breadth and precision at the ceiling compared with the WOMAC. Further research is needed to assess whether these improvements carry over into superior ability to measure change.
authors: Health & Disability Research Institute, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA. ajette@bu.edu
authors: Alan M
authors: AM
authors: Jette
authors: Christine M
authors: CM
authors: McDonough
authors: Pengsheng
authors: P
authors: Ni
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Haley
authors: Ronald K
authors: RK
authors: Hambleton
authors: Sippy
authors: S
authors: Olarsch
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Hunter
authors: Young-jo
authors: YJ
authors: Kim
authors: David T
authors: DT
authors: Felson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000150:complications*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012984:Software; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires