title: Endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy a 20- and 25-gauge comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent retrospective analyses have suggested that postoperative endophthalmitis may be more frequent with 25- than 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Because the infection risk may depend on the suturing status of the sclerotomy, and the perioperative anti-infection protocol, we compared the incidence rate of endophthalmitis after sutureless 25-gauge versus sutured 20-gauge PPV on a large cohort of patients operated with a standardized perioperative anti-infection protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective comparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients who underwent 20- or 25-gauge PPVs at a single center over a multi-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 3597 consecutive PPVs. Patients with a pre-PPV diagnosis of endophthalmitis, PPVs performed for implantation of drug delivery devices, or 25-gauge PPVs with all sclerotomies sutured closed were excluded. Patients with > or =1 week of follow-up were divided into 2 study groups by sclerotomy status at the end of surgery: the 20-gauge group had 3 sutured 20-gauge sclerotomies, and the 25-gauge group had > or =1 unsutured 25-gauge sclerotomy. Endophthalmitis was defined by clinical criteria independent of microbiological results.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of endophthalmitis was compared between 25- versus 20-gauge groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 3372 PPV surgeries meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1948 and 1424 surgeries were 20- and 25-gauge PPVs, respectively. Average age (+/- standard deviation) of patients was 54.6 (+/- 22.6) and 64.4 (+/- 16.5) years in the 20- and 25-gauge PPV groups, respectively (P<0.0001). Median post-PPV follow-up time was not significantly different between the 2 groups (12.5 vs 13.0 months; P = 0.69). Endophthalmitis was observed in 1 patient (0.07%; 95% confidence interval, 0%-0.21%) from the 25-gauge group and none in the 20-gauge group (P = 0.42; Fisher exact test, 2-tailed). The use of air/gas endotamponade (P<0.0001) and intravitreal triamcinolone (P<0.001) was more common in 25- versus 20-gauge PPV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of endophthalmitis was low in both groups. We were unable to show a significant difference in the incidence of endophthalmitis between sutureless 25-gauge and sutured 20-gauge PPV, and conclude that a careful perioperative anti-infection protocol may reduce 25-gauge PPV endophthalmitis risk to that of 20-gauge PPV.
authors: Retina Division, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-7000, USA.
authors: Allen Y H
authors: AY
authors: Hu
authors: Jean-Louis
authors: JL
authors: Bourges
authors: Sumit P
authors: SP
authors: Shah
authors: Anurag
authors: A
authors: Gupta
authors: Christine R
authors: CR
authors: Gonzales
authors: Scott C N
authors: SC
authors: Oliver
authors: Steven D
authors: SD
authors: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012599:Sclerostomy; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods*