title: Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. defensor subsp. nov., isolated from boreal soil.
abstract: Two Gram-variable, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterial strains, M4-2T and M4-1, were isolated from soil samples collected from Oblast Magadan, Russian Far East, as micro-organisms antagonistic to the psychrophilic phytopathogenic fungus Typhula ishikariensis. Strains M4-2T and M4-1 were identified as members of the genus Paenibacillus by phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The strains contained anteiso-C15:0 as the major fatty acid (63.0-64.7%) and MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C contents were 42.8 and 41.7 mol%, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains M4-2T and M4-1 exhibited high similarities with Paenibacillus macquariensis DSM 2T (99.5 and 99.7%, respectively) and Paenibacillus antarcticus LMG 22078T (99.4 and 99.5%, respectively). There were no clear differences in the phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data between the novel isolates and P. macquariensis DSM 2T. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between strain M4-2T and P. macquariensis DSM 2T and P. antarcticus LMG 22078T revealed reassociation values of 56 and 49%, respectively. Multilocus sequence analysis confirmed the differences between the new isolates and reference strains that were observed with the DNA-DNA hybridization studies. On the basis of the results described above, it is proposed that the isolates represent a novel subspecies of P. macquariensis, Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. defensor subsp. nov. The type strain is M4-2T (=JCM 14954T=NCIMB 14397T).
authors: Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan.
authors: Tamotsu
authors: T
authors: Hoshino
authors: Takuto
authors: T
authors: Nakabayashi
authors: Kikue
authors: K
authors: Hirota
authors: Toshihide
authors: T
authors: Matsuno
authors: Ryuuichi
authors: R
authors: Koiwa
authors: Seiichi
authors: S
authors: Fujiu
authors: Izumi
authors: I
authors: Saito
authors: Oleg B
authors: OB
authors: Tkachenko
authors: Hidetoshi
authors: H
authors: Matsuyama
authors: Isao
authors: I
authors: Yumoto
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000898:Antibiosis; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000254:growth & development; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D011809:Quinones / Q000032:analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D011809:Quinones; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S