title: CDX2 expression in yolk sac component of testicular germ cell tumors.
abstract: CDX2 has been detected in the majority of colorectal adenocarcinoma cases and may be useful in determining the sites of origin of tumors. In this study, the authors evaluated CDX2 expression in germ cell tumors (GCTs) by immunohistochemistry. Forty cases of testicular GCTs and 8 cases of metastatic GCTs were retrieved for study. In the 40 cases of testicular GCTs, 13 were pure seminomas and 27 mixed GCTs. Yolk sac tumor (YST) was identified by morphology and glypican 3 staining in 20 testicular mixed GCTs. Of these 20 cases, 8 cases showed 1+ positivity for CDX2. Other primitive components of GCTs were negative. For the 6 cases of metastatic mixed GCT with YST, 4 cases were positive, 2+ in 2 cases and 1+ in 2 cases. The positivity of CDX2 in GCTs warrants including YST in the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of unknown origin.
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. bingz@uphs.upenn.edu
authors: Zhanyong
authors: Z
authors: Bing
authors: Theresa
authors: T
authors: Pasha
authors: John E
authors: JE
authors: Tomaszewski
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018240:Endodermal Sinus Tumor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D053673:Glypicans / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary / Q000175:diagnosis; D018239:Seminoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; C491270:CDX2 protein, human; D053673:Glypicans; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins