title: Alcohol as a risk factor for pancreatitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between alcohol consumption and pancreatitis, although the exact dose-response relationship is unknown. It also remains uncertain whether a threshold effect exists.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies on the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, ETOH and AIM. Studies were included if they reported quantifiable information on risk and related confidence intervals with respect to at least three different levels of alcohol intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six studies, including 146,517 individuals with 1,671 cases of pancreatitis, met the inclusion criteria. We found a monotonic and approximately exponential dose-response relationship between average volume of alcohol consumption and pancreatitis. However, in a categorical analysis the lower drinking categories were not significantly elevated, with an apparent threshold of 4 drinks daily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the available evidence also indicates that the relationship is biologically plausible, these results support the existence of a link between alcohol consumption and the risk of pancreatitis.
authors: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. hm.irving@utoronto.ca
authors: Hyacinth M
authors: HM
authors: Irving
authors: Andriy V
authors: AV
authors: Samokhvalov
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Rehm
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol