First locus for primary pulmonary vein stenosis maps to chromosome 2q.
OBJECTIVE
Primary pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare cardiac abnormality that exhibits a high morbidity and mortality rate. The disease is characterized by obstruction of the pulmonary venous blood flow owing to congenital hypoplasia of individual extra-pulmonary veins. We describe a consanguineous Turkish family with four affected siblings with primary PVS in association with prenatal lymphatic abnormalities. We aimed to map the first gene for primary PVS.


RESULTS
Patients had extensive cardiological examinations including electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, ventilation-perfusion scans, and cardiac catheterizations. All patients died before the age of 16 months because of severe progressive primary PVS. Chromosomal analysis revealed normal karyotypes. We performed a genome-wide linkage analysis using 250 K single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and found the first locus for primary PVS on chromosome 2q35-2q36.1 [multipoint logarithms (base 10) of odds (LOD) scores 3.6]. By fine-mapping with microsatellite markers, we confirmed the homozygous region that extended 6.6 Mb (D2S164-D2S133). Sequencing 12 (188 exons) of the 88 genes from the region revealed no disease-causing sequence variations.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings open perspectives for the identification of the genetic cause(s) leading to PVS, which might contribute to elucidate the pathological mechanisms involved in this disorder.
van de Laar
Ingrid
I
Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Wessels
Marja
M
Frohn-Mulder
Ingrid
I
Dalinghaus
Michiel
M
de Graaf
Bianca
B
van Tienhoven
Marianne
M
van der Moer
Paul
P
Husen-Ebbinge
Margreet
M
Lequin
Maarten
M
Dooijes
Dennis
D
de Krijger
Ronald
R
Oostra
Ben A
BA
Bertoli-Avella
Aida M
AM
D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003241:Consanguinity; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010375:Pedigree; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011668:Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease / Q000235:genetics*