Design and synthesis of coumarin-based Zn(2+) probes for ratiometric fluorescence imaging.
The physiological roles of free Zn(2+) have attracted great attention. To clarify those roles, there has been a need for ratiometric fluorescent Zn(2+) probes for practical use. We report the rational design and synthesis of a series of ratiometric fluorescent Zn(2+) probes. The structures of the probes are based on the 7-hydroxycoumarin structure. We focused on the relationship between the electron-donating ability of the 7-hydroxy group and the excitation spectra of 7-hydroxycoumarins, and exploited that relationship in the design of the ratiometric probes; as a result, most of the synthesized probes showed ratiometric Zn(2+)-sensing properties. Then, we designed and synthesized ratiometric Zn(2+) probes that can be excited with visible light, by choosing adequate substituents on coumarin dyes. Since one of the probes could permeate living cell membranes, we introduced the probe to living RAW264 cells and observed the intracellular Zn(2+) concentration via ratiometric fluorescence microscopy. As a result, the ratio value of the probe changed quickly in response to intracellular Zn(2+) concentration.
Mizukami
Shin
S
Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Okada
Satoshi
S
Kimura
Satoshi
S
Kikuchi
Kazuya
K
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002470:Cell Survival; D015195:Drug Design; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014468:Umbelliferones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D014468:Umbelliferones; C031477:7-hydroxycoumarin; D015032:Zinc