Risk factors for epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy.
The purpose of the study was to identify predictive risk factors for epilepsy among children with cerebral palsy. We conducted a retrospective study of the clinical characteristics of children with cerebral palsy and epilepsy in comparison to those of children with cerebral palsy without epilepsy. The examined parameters included: the prevalence and the age of onset of the seizures, the clinical subgroup of cerebral palsy and subtype of epileptic seizures. We looked for possible risk factors including the presence of neonatal seizures, the imaging findings, the gestational age at delivery, the adjusted birth weight, the mode of delivery, the Apgar scores, and the head size as well as the presence of consanguinity. Epilepsy occurred in 33% of the studied children. Almost 50% of the epileptic children had their first seizure within the first 12 months of life. Neonatal seizures were strong predictors for epilepsy (p<0.001). Presence of at least one abnormal structural finding (particularly brain atrophy) was also a significant predictor of epilepsy (p<0.003). Low Apgar score at 5 min after birth and birth at term were also found more frequently among patients with epilepsy, although when adjusted with other risk factors, Apgar score did not reach statistical significance. The mode of delivery, head circumference, adjusted birth weight, gender and ethnic group, consanguineous marriage and prematurity were not found to be risk factors for the occurrence of epilepsy in these children.
Zelnik
Nathanel
N
Department of Pediatrics and the Child Development Center, Carmel Medical Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, 7 Michal Street, 34383 Technion, Haifa, Israel. nzelnik@netvision.net.il
Konopnicki
Muriel
M
Bennett-Back
Odeya
O
Castel-Deutsch
Tsofia
T
Tirosh
Emmanuel
E
D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D001034:Apgar Score; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003241:Consanguinity; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006257:Head / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors