title: Renal effects of aliskiren compared with and in combination with irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and albuminuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether the antiproteinuric effect of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren is comparable to that of irbesartan and the effect of the combination.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. After a 1-month washout period, 26 patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and albuminuria (>100 mg/day) were randomly assigned to four 2-month treatment periods in random order with placebo, 300 mg aliskiren once daily, 300 mg irbesartan once daily, or the combination using identical doses. Patients received furosemide in a stable dose throughout the study. The primary end point was a change in albuminuria. Secondary measures included change in 24-h blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placebo geometric mean albuminuria was 258 mg/day (range 84-2,361), mean +/- SD 24-h blood pressure was 140/73 +/- 15/8 mmHg, and GFR was 89 +/- 27 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Aliskiren treatment reduced albuminuria by 48% (95% CI 27-62) compared with placebo (P < 0.001), not significantly different from the 58% (42-79) reduction with irbesartan treatment (P < 0.001 vs. placebo). Combination treatment reduced albuminuria by 71% (59-79), more than either monotherapy (P < 0.001 and P = 0.028). Fractional clearances of albumin were significantly reduced (46, 56, and 67% reduction vs. placebo). Twenty-four-hour blood pressure was reduced 3/4 mmHg by aliskiren (NS/P = 0.009), 12/5 mmHg by irbesartan (P < 0.001/P = 0.002), and 10/6 mmHg by the combination (P = 0.001/P < 0.001). GFR was significantly reduced 4.6 (95% CI 0.3-8.8) ml/min per 1.73 m(2) by aliskiren, 8.0 (3.6-12.3) ml/min per 1.73 m(2) by irbesartan, and 11.7 (7.4-15.9) ml/min per 1.73 m(2) by the combination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of aliskiren and irbesartan is more antiproteinuric in type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria than monotherapy.
authors: Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark. frip@steno.dk
authors: Frederik
authors: F
authors: Persson
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Rossing
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Reinhard
authors: Tina
authors: T
authors: Juhl
authors: Coen D A
authors: CD
authors: Stehouwer
authors: Casper
authors: C
authors: Schalkwijk
authors: A H Jan
authors: AH
authors: Danser
authors: Frans
authors: F
authors: Boomsma
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Frandsen
authors: Hans-Henrik
authors: HH
authors: Parving
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005650:Fumarates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077405:Irbesartan; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005650:Fumarates; D013777:Tetrazoles; C446481:aliskiren; D000077405:Irbesartan