title: Short- and long-term effects of single and repetitive glove occlusion on the epidermal barrier.
abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the occlusive effects of glove materials (polyvinyl chloride, natural rubber latex) on epidermal barrier function and to relate the findings to the definitions of wet work in the current German ordinance on hazardous substances (2007) and in the German technical regulations on hazardous substances (TRGS 401; 2008). Short-term effects of wearing gloves once for 4 h, as well as the long-term effects of wearing gloves for 4 h daily for 7 days were assessed in a group of 20 healthy volunteers using non-invasive methods (transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capacitance, skin colour, skin surface pH). Data were collected 30 min and 3 h after single use, as well as 1 day after a 1-week application. TEWL and capacitance data showed hyperhydration of the horny layer 30 min after a 4-h occlusion as compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Three hours later, full recovery to basal values was observed. Additionally, a significant long-term effect after daily occlusion for 4 h for 7 days could not be demonstrated. In current literature, there is controversial evidence concerning the effects of glove occlusion. This study could not verify significant damage to skin barrier after 7 days of repeated occlusion 4 h daily in healthy volunteers. These findings require further discussion regarding the definitions in the current German ordinance on hazardous substances and in the TRGS 401.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrueck, 49090 Osnabrueck, Germany. uwetzky@uos.de
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Wetzky
authors: Meike
authors: M
authors: Bock
authors: Britta
authors: B
authors: Wulfhorst
authors: Swen Malte
authors: SM
authors: John
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D017575:Gloves, Protective; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007840:Latex; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007840:Latex; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride