Molecular mechanisms underlying synergistic effects of SSRI-antipsychotic augmentation in treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia respond poorly to antipsychotics, but may improve when these are augmented with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The molecular mechanisms underlying the augmentation are unclear. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made, pointing to some candidate systems which may be involved in SSRI-antipsychotic synergism. Thus, the enhanced dopamine release by SSRI-antipsychotic treatment is modulated by specific serotonergic receptors and by tyrosine hydroxylase. There are modifications in gamma-aminobutyric acid system via glutamate decarboxylase 67, protein kinase C beta and the receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (Rack1). Some studies indicate the input of transcription and neurotrophic factors as phospho-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein, Fos and fibroblast growth factor-2. Alterations in calcium signaling (neurogranin, regulator of G-protein signaling and Rack1) and in cytokine receptors for interleukin-8 and chemokine have also been reported. While as yet limited in scope, the evidence suggests definable molecular targets which may be implicated in drug development based on SSRI-antipsychotic synergistic actions.
Chertkow
Yael
Y
Eve Topf Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
Weinreb
Orly
O
Youdim
Moussa B H
MB
Silver
Henry
H
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000819:agonists*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D014157:Transcription Factors