title: Female urethral diverticulum: a pathological insight.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we define the histopathological features of female urethral diverticula and attempt to elucidate its pathogenesis and etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 22 clinical records of women diagnosed with urethral diverticula. We collected clinical, surgical, and pathological data. Pathological re-assessment was performed using hematoxylin-eosin and van Gieson stains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The predominant epithelial types were squamous (41.9%), columnar (31.8%), combined squamous and columnar (18.2%), and cuboidal (13.6%). There was no case of the transitional type. Epithelial ulcerations were present in nine cases. The diverticular wall was composed only of fibrous collagen tissue in all cases. Inflammatory signs were noted in 77.3% of specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histopathological features of female urethral diverticula match the criteria for paraurethral cysts. Concomitant use of synthetic meshes should be avoided due to the possibility of an infectious etiology. Transvaginal excision of the sac is recommended, while transurethral procedures are contraindicated.
authors: Department of Urologic Surgery, The E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O. Box 5, Holon 58100, Israel.
authors: Matvey
authors: M
authors: Tsivian
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Tsivian
authors: Letizia
authors: L
authors: Shreiber
authors: A Ami
authors: AA
authors: Sidi
authors: Rumelia
authors: R
authors: Koren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014456:Ulcer / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult