title: Anchor-shaped nasal framework designed for total nasal reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasal frame grafting has been widely used in nasal reconstruction; however, a stable nasal frame with satisfactory functional and aesthetic results is hard to achieve in total nasal reconstruction. In this study, we devised a technique to create an individually designed anchor-shaped nasal frame composed of an L-strut and two C-battens, and applied it in the total nasal reconstruction procedure to achieve satisfactory functional and aesthetic results.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 9-year period, 17 patients with total nasal defect were treated with autogenous costal grafting utilising forehead flap as the covering. The techniques of the individualised design of the anchor-shaped nasal frame were applied to fit the facial features. All cases were followed for at least 18 months, and outcomes were evaluated separately by the patients and plastic surgeons in terms of aesthetics, stability and function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Satisfactory results were achieved in most of the cases after the operation. More than 82.4% of the patients in this series were assessed as satisfactory by both groups in the aesthetics survey; more than 76.5% in the stability survey; and more than 64.7% in the function survey. Complications included flap hyperpigmentation (one case), flap-skin paleness (one case), L-strut distortion (three cases) and stuffiness of the nostrils (one case) as well as minor brow elevation of the donor side (five cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The procedure of applying individually designed anchor-shaped nasal frame with forehead flap technique has obvious advantages for restoration of distinct and delicate subunits, stable nasal structure and good nasal function.
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, PR China. liqfliqf@yahoo.com.cn
authors: Qingfeng
authors: Q
authors: Li
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Weng
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Gu
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Liu
authors: Guoxiong
authors: G
authors: Shen
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Xie
authors: Danning
authors: D
authors: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D053441:Suture Anchors; D015626:Tissue Expansion; D055815:Young Adult