title: Estimates of upper bounds and trends in nano-TiO2 production as a basis for exposure assessment.
abstract: An upper bound is estimated for the magnitude of potential exposure to nano-TiO2 with the purpose of enabling exposure assessment and, ultimately, risk assessment Knowledge of the existing bulk TiO2 market is combined with available nano-TiO2 production data to estimate current nano-TiO2 sources as a baseline. The evolution of nano-TiO2 production as a percentage of the total TiO2 market is then projected based on material and market information along with a method that combines observations from scientific articles and patents as predictive indicators of the rate of innovative transformation.
authors: Duke University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0287, USA.
authors: Christine Ogilvie
authors: CO
authors: Robichaud
authors: Ali Emre
authors: AE
authors: Uyar
authors: Michael R
authors: MR
authors: Darby
authors: Lynne G
authors: LG
authors: Zucker
authors: Mark R
authors: MR
authors: Wiesner
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000592:standards*; D007221:Industry / Q000639:trends; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010330:Patents as Topic; D011643:Publishing; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium