title: Overexpressing AtPAP15 enhances phosphorus efficiency in soybean.
abstract: Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint to crop growth and production, including soybean (Glycine max), on a global scale. However, 50% to 80% of the total P in agricultural soils exists as organic phosphate, which is unavailable to plants unless hydrolyzed to release inorganic phosphate. One strategy for improving crop P nutrition is the enhanced activity of acid phosphatases (APases) to obtain or remobilize inorganic phosphate from organic P sources. In this study, we overexpressed an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) purple APase gene (AtPAP15) containing a carrot (Daucus carota) extracellular targeting peptide in soybean hairy roots and found that the APase activity was increased by 1.5-fold in transgenic hairy roots. We subsequently transformed soybean plants with AtPAP15 and studied three homozygous overexpression lines of AtPAP15. The three transgenic lines exhibited significantly improved P efficiency with 117.8%, 56.5%, and 57.8% increases in plant dry weight, and 90.1%, 18.2%, and 62.6% increases in plant P content, respectively, as compared with wild-type plants grown on sand culture containing phytate as the sole P source. The transgenic soybean lines also exhibited a significant level of APase and phytase activity in leaves and root exudates, respectively. Furthermore, the transgenic lines exhibited improved yields when grown on acid soils, with 35.9%, 41.0%, and 59.0% increases in pod number per plant, and 46.0%, 48.3%, and 66.7% increases in seed number per plant. Taken together, to our knowledge, our study is the first report on the improvement of P efficiency in soybean through constitutive expression of a plant APase gene. These findings could have significant implications for improving crop yield on soils low in available P, which is a serious agricultural limitation worldwide.
authors: Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Xiurong
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Yingxiang
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Jiang
authors: J
authors: Tian
authors: Boon Leong
authors: BL
authors: Lim
authors: Xiaolong
authors: X
authors: Yan
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Liao
mesh_terms: D010832:6-Phytase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D013025:Glycine max / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D010758:Phosphorus; C529220:PAP15 protein, Arabidopsis; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D010832:6-Phytase