title: Dairy intake and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in men at high risk for prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dairy food intake has been associated with prostate cancer in previous work, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Dairy calcium may suppress circulating levels of potentially cancer-protective 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). We examined the associations of dairy, milk, calcium, and vitamin D intake with plasma 1,25(OH)2D levels among 296 men (194 black, 102 non-black) enrolled in a high risk program for prostate cancer from 10/96 to 10/07.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants completed diet and health history questionnaires and provided plasma samples, which were assessed for levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D. We used multivariate linear regression to examine associations with 1,25(OH)2D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age, race, energy intake, BMI, and alcohol intake, we observed no associations for any of our variables of interest with 1,25(OH)2D, or any meaningful differences in estimates by race or vitamin D status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings, in a sample including a large proportion of black participants, do not confirm previous findings showing an inverse association between calcium intake and 1,25(OH)2D levels. As such, they suggest that future work should explore other mechanisms by which dairy foods and calcium might increase prostate cancer risk.
authors: Department of Kinesiology, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA. mtseng@calpoly.edu
authors: Marilyn
authors: M
authors: Tseng
authors: Veda
authors: V
authors: Giri
authors: Deborah
authors: D
authors: Watkins-Bruner
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Giovannucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D003611:Dairy Products; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D