title: Tenomodulin is highly expressed in adipose tissue, increased in obesity, and down-regulated during diet-induced weight loss.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tenomodulin (TNMD), a putative angiogenesis inhibitor, is expressed in hypovascular connective tissues. Global gene expression scans show that the TNMD gene also is expressed in human adipose tissue and that its expression is regulated in response to weight reduction; however, more detailed information is lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate TNMD tissue distribution and TNMD gene expression in human adipose tissue in relation to obesity and metabolic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  TNMD gene expression, tissue distribution, and TNMD gene expression in adipose tissue from different depots, from lean and obese subjects, and during diet-induced weight reduction were analyzed by DNA microarray and real-time PCR.
  
  
  METHODS
  We primarily measured TNMD gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TNMD gene was predominantly expressed in sc adipose tissue. TNMD gene expression was higher in sc than omental adipose tissue both in lean (P = 0.002) and obese subjects (P = 0.014). In both women and men, TNMD gene expression was significantly higher in the obese subjects compared to the lean subjects (P = 1.1 x 10(-26) and P = 0.010, respectively). In a multiple linear regression analysis, BMI was a significant independent predictor of TNMD gene expression. TNMD gene expression was down-regulated during diet-induced weight loss, with a 65% decrease after 18 wk of diet (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that human adipose tissue TNMD gene expression is highly affected by obesity, adipose tissue location, and weight loss, indicating that TNMD may play a role in adipose tissue function.
authors: Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: Atsuhito
authors: A
authors: Saiki
authors: Maja
authors: M
authors: Olsson
authors: Margareta
authors: M
authors: Jernås
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Gummesson
authors: Philip G
authors: PG
authors: McTernan
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Andersson
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Jacobson
authors: Kajsa
authors: K
authors: Sjöholm
authors: Bob
authors: B
authors: Olsson
authors: Shigeo
authors: S
authors: Yamamura
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Walley
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Froguel
authors: Björn
authors: B
authors: Carlsson
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Sjöström
authors: Per-Arne
authors: PA
authors: Svensson
authors: Lena M S
authors: LM
authors: Carlsson
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013548:Sweden; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C422444:TNMD protein, human