Th9 and allergic disease.
Helper CD4(+) T-cell subsets have improved our understanding of adaptive immunity in humans and in animal models of disease. These include T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2 and the interleukin-17 (IL-17) -producing population 'Th17'. Th2 cells have been described as orchestrating the immune response in allergic disease based on studies with patient samples and animal models. The cytokine IL-9 has largely been regarded as a Th2 cytokine that makes multifocal contributions to allergic disease. Recent data suggest that under certain conditions relevant to chronic disease (IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta), a distinct population of IL-9-producing 'Th9' helper T cells can exist. The contribution of Th9 cells in allergic disease is currently unknown, and this review will propose a model for how these cells may regulate chronic allergic inflammation.
Soroosh
Pejman
P
Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Doherty
Taylor A
TA
D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D016906:Interleukin-9 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
D016906:Interleukin-9