title: Sequence characterization of the MC1R gene in yak (Poephagus grunniens) breeds with different coat colors.
abstract: Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene plays a key role in determining coat color in several species, including the cattle. However, up to now there is no report regarding the MC1R gene and the potential association of its mutations with coat colors in yak (Poephagus grunniens). In this study, we sequenced the encoding region of the MC1R gene in three yak breeds with completely white (Tianzhu breed) or black coat color (Jiulong and Maiwa breeds). The predicted coding region of the yak MC1R gene resulted of 954 bp, the same to that of the wild-type cattle sequence, with >99% identity. None of the mutation events reported in cattle was found. Comparing the yak obtained sequences, five nucleotide substitutions were detected, which defined three haplotypes (E(Y1), E(Y2), and E(Y3)). Of the five mutations, two, characterizing the E(Y1) haplotype, were nonsynonymous substitutions (c.340C>A and c.871G>A) causing amino acid changes located in the first extracellular loop (p.Q114K) and in the seventh transmembrane region (p.A291T). In silico prediction might indicate a functional effect of the latter substitution. However, all three haplotypes were present in the three yak breeds with relatively consistent frequency distribution, despite of their distinguished coat colors, which suggested that there was no across-breed association between haplotypes or genotypes and black/white phenotypes, at least in the investigated breeds. Other genes may be involved in affecting coat color in the analyzed yaks.
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
authors: Shi-Yi
authors: SY
authors: Chen
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Zhu
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Fontanesi
authors: Yong-Gang
authors: YG
authors: Yao
authors: Yi-Ping
authors: YP
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006200:Hair Color / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D044102:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D044102:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1