title: The benefit of pre- and post-challenge urine heavy metal testing: part 2.
abstract: Measuring heavy metal levels in the urine is an accepted method for assessing the presence of a heavy metal burden in an individual. Random samples (without a flushing agent) are excellent for showing current exposures, as they reflect the level of heavy metals in the bloodstream during the hours immediately before bladder voiding. Samples taken after using a heavy metal mobilizing agent are a reflection of total body burden. Part 1 reviewed the benefits of doing pre-flush (baseline) testing utilizing the published Centers for Disease Control (CDC) heavy metal normal ranges for interpretation that allow the clinician to identify current exposures to lead and mercury and to identify cadmium toxicity. In part 2 the benefits of doing both pre- and post-challenge testing are reviewed. Information gleaned from performing both tests is unparalleled in allowing the clinician to identify which chelating agent will be most effective for the patient. If oral agents are employed, then possible absorption problems can be identified. Since none of these benefits are realized with only post-flush testing, it is recommended that clinicians do heavy metal testing both before and after a challenge with an effective and proven heavy metal mobilizing agent. The pitfalls of oral chelation in the case of malabsorption syndromes, such as gluten intolerance, are also discussed.
authors: Environmental Medicine, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine. w.crinnion@scnm.edu
authors: Walter J
authors: WJ
authors: Crinnion
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood; D002105:Cadmium Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood; D008628:Mercury / Q000097:blood; D008630:Mercury Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D008628:Mercury