title: Prevalence of daily hyperglycemia in obese type 2 diabetic men compared with that in lean and obese normoglycemic men: effect of consumption of a sucrose-containing beverage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperglycemia forms a direct and independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular comorbidities in type 2 diabetes. Consumption of sucrose-sweetened soft drinks might further increase the prevalence of hyperglycemic episodes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to assess glycemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects and healthy lean and obese control subjects under strict dietary standardization but otherwise free-living conditions, with and without the consumption of soft drinks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese type 2 diabetic men (n = 11) and lean (n = 10) and obese (n = 10) normoglycemic male control subjects participated in a randomized crossover study. The subjects were provided with a standardized diet in 2 periods, during which they consumed 250 mL water with or without (control) sucrose (37.5 g) 2 h after breakfast and lunch. Blood glucose concentrations were assessed by continuous glucose monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the type 2 diabetic subjects, the mean 24-h glucose concentrations were significantly elevated (9.1 +/- 0.6 mmol/L), and hyperglycemia (glucose >10 mmol/L) was evident over 33 +/- 8% (8 +/- 2 h) of a 24-h period (P < 0.01). Hyperglycemia was rarely present in the normoglycemic lean and obese control subjects (5 +/- 2%/24 h for both). Consumption of 75 g sucrose, equivalent to 2 cans of a soft drink, did not further augment the prevalence of hyperglycemia throughout the day in any group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 2 diabetic subjects taking oral blood glucose-lowering medication experience hyperglycemia during most of the daytime. Moderate consumption of sucrose-sweetened beverages does not further increase the prevalence of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic subjects or in normoglycemic lean or obese men.
authors: Department of Human Movement Sciences, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Netherlands. r.manders@hb.unimaas.nl
authors: Ralph J F
authors: RJ
authors: Manders
authors: Bart
authors: B
authors: Pennings
authors: Cindy P G
authors: CP
authors: Beckers
authors: Tamara I
authors: TI
authors: Aipassa
authors: Luc J C
authors: LJ
authors: van Loon
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D013395:Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D013395:Sucrose