title: Practitioner empathy and the duration of the common cold.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study's objective was to assess the relationship of empathy in medical office visits to subsequent outcomes of the common cold.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 350 subjects ? 12 years of age received either a standard or enhanced physician visit as part of a randomized controlled trial. Enhanced visits emphasized empathy on the part of the physician. The patient-scored Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) questionnaire assessed practitioner-patient interaction, especially empathy. Cold severity and duration were assessed from twice-daily symptom reports. Nasal wash was performed to measure the immune cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four individuals reported perfect (score of 50) CARE scores. They tended to be older with less education but reported similar health status, quality of life, and levels of optimism. In those with perfect CARE scores, cold duration was shorter (mean 7.10 days versus 8.01 days), and there was a trend toward reduced severity (mean area under receiver-operator characteristics curve 240.40 versus 284.49). After accounting for possible confounding variables, cold severity and duration were significantly lower in those reporting perfect CARE scores. In these models, a perfect score also correlated with a larger increase in IL-8 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinician empathy, as perceived by patients with the common cold, significantly predicts subsequent duration and severity of illness and is associated with immune system changes.
authors: School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. drakel@fammed.wisc.edu
authors: David P
authors: DP
authors: Rakel
authors: Theresa J
authors: TJ
authors: Hoeft
authors: Bruce P
authors: BP
authors: Barrett
authors: Betty A
authors: BA
authors: Chewning
authors: Benjamin M
authors: BM
authors: Craig
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Niu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003139:Common Cold / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8