title: Damage accumulation simulations in the adhesive of enamel/ceramic interface using the FE submodelling and the element deactivation approaches.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the micromechanics and damage accumulation of the enamel/adhesive interface using sub-modelling and element deactivation methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  A finite element (FE) macromodel of the enamel/adhesive/ceramic interface subjected to shear bond testing was generated for mechanical analysis. The FE micromodel was constructed at the upper enamel/adhesive interface where stress concentration was found. The morphology of the micromechanical interlockings at the bonded interface was assigned based on a scanning electron micrograph. Boundary conditions of the micromodel were determined from the macromodel's results. Furthermore, an iterative code with the element deactivation method was used to calculate the microdamage accumulation. Parallel experiments were performed to validate the simulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The micromodel results demonstrated that stress concentration within the adhesive mainly occurred at the upper corner near the enamel/adhesive interface and the base of the resin tags. A simulated fracture path was found at the base of the resin tags along the enamel/adhesive interface. The morphological observation of fracture patterns obtained from in vitro testing corresponded with the simulation results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the FE submodelling and the element deactivation approaches could better simulate the micromechanical responses and the microdamage accumulation noted at the enamel/adhesive interface.
authors: Graduate Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors: Heng-Liang
authors: HL
authors: Liu
authors: Chun-Li
authors: CL
authors: Lin
authors: Ming-Tsung
authors: MT
authors: Sun
authors: Yen-Hsiang
authors: YH
authors: Chang
authors: Perng-Ru
authors: PR
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D001641:Bicuspid; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D019563:Mechanics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements; D003776:Dental Porcelain