title: Quadrupling the dose of inhaled corticosteroid to prevent asthma exacerbations: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthma exacerbations are unpredictable, disruptive, and frightening, and are therefore important to prevent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether a policy of quadrupling the dose of inhaled corticosteroid when asthma control starts to deteriorate reduces asthma exacerbations requiring treatment with oral corticosteroids.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 403 people with asthma were given a self-management plan and randomized to take an active or placebo corticosteroid inhaler in addition to their usual asthma treatment when their PEF fell by 15% on 2 consecutive days or by 30% on 1 day. The study inhalers provided a quadrupling or no change in corticosteroid dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen of 197 (9%) and 29 of 203 (14%) participants had an exacerbation of asthma requiring treatment with oral corticosteroids in the active and placebo groups, respectively, giving a risk ratio of 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.37-1.11, P = 0.11). Of the 94 participants who started the study inhaler far fewer required treatment with oral corticosteroids in the active compared with the placebo group: 12 of 56 (21%) in the active group and 19 of 38 (50%) in the placebo group, giving a risk ratio of 0.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.78, P = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although our primary outcome did not reach statistical significance, quadrupling the dose of inhaled corticosteroid when asthma control starts to deteriorate appears to reduce acute exacerbations of asthma and deserves further investigation. Clinical trial registered with www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN 46018181).
authors: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK. janet.oborne@nottingham.ac.uk
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Oborne
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Mortimer
authors: Richard B
authors: RB
authors: Hubbard
authors: Anne E
authors: AE
authors: Tattersfield
authors: Tim W
authors: TW
authors: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001249:Asthma / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001507:Beclomethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D001507:Beclomethasone