title: Pentoxifylline attenuates iminodipropionitrile-induced behavioral abnormalities in rats.
abstract: This investigation was undertaken to study the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)-induced behavioral abnormalities [excitation with choreiform and circling movements (ECC) syndrome] in rats. The animals were intraperitoneally injected with IDPN (100 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. PTX was administered daily 30 min before IDPN in the doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for 9 days. The animals were observed for neurobehavioral abnormalities including dyskinetic head movements, circling, tail hanging, air righting reflex, and contact inhibition of the righting reflex. The onset of ECC syndrome was observed on day 8 in the group treated with IDPN alone; all animals in this group became dyskinetic on day 10. Co-treatment with PTX dose dependently delayed the onset time and significantly reduced the incidence and severity of IDPN-induced ECC syndrome; high dose of PTX completely inhibited the abnormal behavioral signs in IDPN-treated rats. Administration of IDPN caused significant depletions in cerebral glutathione and vitamin E levels. Treatment with PTX dose dependently attenuated IDPN-induced oxidative stress in rats. The beneficial effects of PTX against IDPN toxicity may be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
authors: Neuroscience Research Group, Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Al Kadasah
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Al Mutairy
authors: Mairaj
authors: M
authors: Siddiquei
authors: Haseeb Ahmad
authors: HA
authors: Khan
authors: Ibrahim
authors: I
authors: Abdulwahid Arif
authors: Khalaf
authors: K
authors: Al Moutaery
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Tariq
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D009570:Nitriles; D014810:Vitamin E; C008110:3,3'-iminodipropionitrile; D005978:Glutathione; D010431:Pentoxifylline