title: An analysis of trends and growth factor receptor expression of GI carcinoid tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of our study was twofold: (1) to determine the incidence, patient and tumor characteristics, and outcome of patients with gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, and (2) to delineate the expression pattern of growth factor receptors (GFRs) in carcinoid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SEER database search provided information on patients diagnosed with carcinoid tumors from 1990 to 2002. Carcinoid tumor sections (n = 46) were stained for the GFRs: epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and HER-2/neu.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the 12-year analysis period, 18,180 patients were identified with carcinoid tumors of the foregut, midgut, and hindgut; the incidence of carcinoid tumors increased approximately 2-fold during this time period. Of the patients with carcinoid tumors, there was a trend of increased expression of VEGFR and IGFR, particularly in the foregut and midgut carcinoids. Analysis of the SEER database confirms that the incidence of carcinoid tumors is increasing with an approximate doubling in the number of carcinoid cases from 1990 to 2002. Furthermore, an increase in VEGFR and IGFR expression suggests that GFR inhibitors may be effective adjuvant therapy for carcinoid cancer.
authors: Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors: Kanika A
authors: KA
authors: Bowen
authors: Scott R
authors: SR
authors: Silva
authors: Jessica N
authors: JN
authors: Johnson
authors: Hung Q
authors: HQ
authors: Doan
authors: Lindsey N
authors: LN
authors: Jackson
authors: Pat
authors: P
authors: Gulhati
authors: Suimin
authors: S
authors: Qiu
authors: Taylor S
authors: TS
authors: Riall
authors: B Mark
authors: BM
authors: Evers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018426:SEER Program
chemical_list: D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor