title: In vitro photothermal destruction of neuroblastoma cells using carbon nanotubes conjugated with GD2 monoclonal antibody.
abstract: Despite aggressive multimodality therapy, most neuroblastoma-bearing patients relapse and survival rate remains poor. Exploration of alternative therapeutic modalities is needed. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), revealing optical absorbance in the near-infrared region, warrant their merits in photothermal therapy. In order to specifically target disialoganglioside (GD2) overexpressed on the surface of neuroblastoma stNB-V1 cells, GD2 monoclonal antibody (anti-GD2) was conjugated to acidified CNTs. To examine the fate of anti-GD2 bound CNTs after incubation with stNB-V1 cells, rhodamine B was labeled on carboxylated CNTs functionalized with and without anti-GD2. Our results illustrated that anti-GD2-linked CNTs were extensively internalized by neuroblastoma cells via GD2-mediated endocytosis. In addition, we showed that anti-GD2 bound CNTs were not ingested by PC12 cells without GD2 expression. After anti-GD2 conjugated CNTs were incubated with neuroblastoma cells for 6 h and endocytosed by the cells, CNT-laden neuroblastoma cells were further irradiated with an 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser with intensity ramping from 0.6 to 6 W cm(-2) for 10 min which was then maintained at 6 W cm(-2) for an additional 5 min. Post-NIR laser exposure, and after being examined by calcein-AM dye, stNB-V1 cells were all found to undergo necrosis, while non-GD2 expressing PC12 cells all remained viable. Based on the in vitro study, CNTs bound with anti-GD2 have the potential to be utilized as a therapeutic thermal coupling agent that generates heat sufficient to selectively kill neuroblastoma cells under NIR laser light exposure.
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Chung-Hao
authors: CH
authors: Wang
authors: Yao-Jhang
authors: YJ
authors: Huang
authors: Chia-Wei
authors: CW
authors: Chang
authors: Wen-Ming
authors: WM
authors: Hsu
authors: Ching-An
authors: CA
authors: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005732:Gangliosides; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012235:Rhodamines; C019403:ganglioside, GD2; C029773:rhodamine B