title: Assessing gastrointestinal motility and disintegration profiles of magnetic tablets by a novel magnetic imaging device and gamma scintigraphy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate Magnetic Moment Imaging (MMI) for the investigation of gastrointestinal transit and disintegration of solid dosage forms and to correlate the MMI findings with the corresponding gamma scintigraphic data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three magnetic tablets (MTs) were investigated using in vitro and in vivo tests. The clinical study was a four-way, crossover study with the following arms: (a) immediate-release tablets administered in fasted state; (b) immediate-release tablets administered after 400mL of Clinutren ISO; (c) enteric-coated tablets administered in the fasted state; and (d) non-disintegrating tablets studied in the lightly fed state (100mL of Clinutren ISO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both the in vitro and in vivo studies, tablets were detected successfully by MMI and scintigraphy. There was a good correlation between gastric residence times and positional data (in the x, y and y, z-axes). In addition, MMI revealed early swelling behaviour of the tablet matrix. There was excellent agreement for the disintegration times of MT(A) in the fasted arm (scintigraphy 12.0+/-4.4min, MMI 11.8+/-4.4min). In the MT(A)-fed arm, onset times determined by scintigraphy were delayed in three subjects when compared to the corresponding MMI results. Delayed disintegration was observed with MT(A) administered after food (p<0.01) in both the techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MMI device is a reliable imaging tool for tracking the transit and disintegration of a magnetic tablet through the gastrointestinal tract.
authors: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. Kristeen.goodman@ed.ac.uk
authors: Kirsteen
authors: K
authors: Goodman
authors: Lee Ann
authors: LA
authors: Hodges
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Band
authors: Howard N E
authors: HN
authors: Stevens
authors: Werner
authors: W
authors: Weitschies
authors: Clive G
authors: CG
authors: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004058:Diffusion; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015336:Molecular Probe Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013608:Tablets, Enteric-Coated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015335:Molecular Probes; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013607:Tablets; D013608:Tablets, Enteric-Coated