title: A novel method for subarachnoid hemorrhage to induce vasospasm in mice.
abstract: Mouse models take advantage of genetic manipulations that can be achieved in this species. There are currently two accepted mouse models of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and cerebral vasospasm (CVs). Both are technically demanding and labor intensive. In this study, we report a reproducible and technically feasible method to induce SAH, and subsequently CVs, in mice. We tested this model in multiple strains of mice that are commonly used for genetic manipulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  SAH was induced in C57BL/6NCr, FVB, 129S1, BalbC and SJL mice, weighing 28-32 g, by an intracisternal vessel transection technique. Animals were perfused with India ink at 24h postprocedure and vessel diameters were quantified. Brain slices were obtained for hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) to look for vascular changes consistent with CVs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no mortality during or after the procedure. Four of the five mouse strains showed significant CVs at 24 h postprocedure characterized by decreased vessel diameter of the middle cerebral artery close to the Circle of Willis. Histologically, the vessel wall displayed significant corrugation and thickening, consistent with CVs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel mouse model to induce SAH is described and tested in several mouse strains. Four of the five strains used in this study developed CVs after the induction of SAH. The procedure is brief, straightforward, reproducible with low mortality, and applicable to commonly used background strains for genetically engineered mice.
authors: Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, NB3-107, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors: Tamer
authors: T
authors: Altay
authors: Saksith
authors: S
authors: Smithason
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Volokh
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Rasmussen
authors: Richard M
authors: RM
authors: Ransohoff
authors: J Javier
authors: JJ
authors: Provencio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013045:Species Specificity; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology