title: Droperidol has comparable clinical efficacy against both nausea and vomiting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Droperidol is commonly noted to be more effective at preventing postoperative nausea (PON) than vomiting (POV) and it is assumed to have a short duration of action. This may be relevant for clinical decisions, especially for designing multiple-drug antiemetic regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a post hoc analysis of a large multicentre trial. Within this trial, 1734 patients underwent inhalation anaesthesia and were randomly stratified to receive several antiemetic interventions according to a factorial design, one of which was droperidol 1.25 mg vs placebo. We considered differences to be significant when: (i) point estimates of one outcome are not within the limits of the confidence interval (CI) of the other outcome; and (ii) differences in risk ratio (also known as relative risks, RR) are at least 20%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 24 h, nausea was reduced from 42.9% in the control to 32.0% in the droperidol group, corresponding to a relative risk (RR) of 0.75 (95% CI from 0.66 to 0.84). Vomiting was reduced from 15.6% to 11.8%, and therefore associated with a similar RR of 0.76 (0.59-0.96). In the early postoperative period (0-2 h), droperidol prevented nausea and vomiting similarly, with an RR of 0.57 (0.46-0.69) for nausea and 0.56 (0.37-0.85) for vomiting. In the late postoperative period (2-24 h), the RR was again similar with 0.83 (0.72-0.96) for nausea compared with 0.89 (0.66-1.18) for vomiting but significantly less compared with the early postoperative period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that droperidol prevents PON and POV equally well, yet its duration of action is short-lived.
authors: Clinical Research Core, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF Mount Zion Hospital, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, C-447, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. apfelc@anesthesia.ucsf.edu
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Apfel
authors: O S
authors: OS
authors: Cakmakkaya
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Frings
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Kranke
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Malhotra
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Stader
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Turan
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Biedler
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kolodzie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004329:Droperidol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D017294:Ondansetron; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004329:Droperidol