Employment status, coronary heart disease, and stroke among women.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association of employment status with coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke among middle-aged women.


METHODS
Proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association of employment status, incident CHD, and incident ischemic stroke among 7,058 women, ages 45-64 years at baseline (1987-1989), from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.


RESULTS
After adjusting for age and race-field center, women employed outside the home had a decreased risk of CHD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.56-0.86) and ischemic stroke (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47-0.84) compared with homemakers. Differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors partially accounted for the association of employment status and CHD (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-0.99) and stroke (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.58-1.08). Also, modest differences were noted when the results were stratified by education, with employed women having a lower risk of CHD (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.93) than homemakers among those with less than a high school education.


CONCLUSIONS
Women employed outside of the home had a lower risk of CHD and stroke compared with homemakers and, for CHD, this association was stronger among women with less than a high school education. These findings suggest additional research into the varied occupational experiences of women, socioeconomic status, and health is warranted.
Carson
April P
AP
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. apcarson@uab.edu
Rose
Kathryn M
KM
Catellier
Diane J
DJ
Diez-Roux
Ana V
AV
Muntaner
Carles
C
Wyatt
Sharon B
SB
D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health; D014931:Women, Working / Q000706:statistics & numerical data