title: A family with paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia: genetic and treatment issues.
abstract: Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia is a condition characterized by attacks of sudden involuntary movements triggered by caffeine or alcohol intake, stress, or fatigue. The paroxysms are usually of the generalized type and may last up to an hour. Described here is a Polish family with this disorder seen in two children and their father. Variable expressivity as well as reduced penetrance of the causative mutation were noteworthy in this kindred. Treatment options included abortive diazepam and prophylactic levetiracetam, with the latter having a more pronounced effect in this family. Favorable response to levetiracetam is probably linked to action of the drug on calcium channels in neurons, muscle cells, or both.
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. krzysztof.szczaluba@imid.med.pl
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Szczałuba
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Jurek
authors: Elzbieta
authors: E
authors: Szczepanik
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Friedman
authors: Michał
authors: M
authors: Milewski
authors: Jerzy
authors: J
authors: Bal
authors: Tadeusz
authors: T
authors: Mazurczak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002819:Chorea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D003975:Diazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D019683:Penetrance; D010641:Phenotype; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C495444:PNKD protein, human; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D003975:Diazepam; D010889:Piracetam