title: Genetics of age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was until recently viewed as a part of the normal aging process; however, we are increasingly aware that genetic factors play a much greater role than previously suspected. This review will provide an up-to-date snapshot of the genetics of AMD to help guide our thoughts about its causes and the risk for family members.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epidemiological research and basic bench research have identified pathways of oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and inflammation as playing causative roles in the pathogenesis of AMD. Emerging research is focusing on the biology of the retinal pigment epithelium as secreting pro and anti-inflammatory mediators in the eye. Antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy has dramatically improved the prognosis for neovascular or wet AMD patients. Nutritional supplementation with antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids has provided treatment options for patients with atrophic or dry AMD. We should expect that some of the response to therapy might be genetically determined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First-degree relatives of patients with AMD tend to have a higher risk of AMD. Recognizing an inherent genetic risk of AMD in these patients will improve their management and potentially help prevent blindness.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Andrew Y C
authors: AY
authors: Ting
authors: Thomas K M
authors: TK
authors: Lee
authors: Ian M
authors: IM
authors: MacDonald
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D008967:Molecular Biology; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors