title: Osteopontin promotes gastric cancer metastasis by augmenting  cell survival and invasion through Akt-mediated HIF-1alpha up-regulation and MMP9 activation.
abstract: Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted, integrin-binding matrix phosphorylated glycoprotein. OPN has been shown to facilitate the progression and metastasis of malignancies and has prognostic value in several types of cancer, including gastric cancer. However, the functional mechanism of OPN mediated metastatic growth in gastric cancer remains unclear. Here, using multiple in vitro and in vivo models, we report that OPN strongly promoted the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that OPN, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9 and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha have statistically significant different expression patterns between well- and poorly differentiated tissue samples (P < 0.05). Correlations existed between OPN and MMP9, and between OPN and HIF-1 (r(1) = 0.872, p(1) < 0.01 and r(2) = 0.878, p(2) < 0.01). Furthermore, OPN dramatically increased colony formation and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and promoted tumour growth and metastasis in vivo. In addition, OPN potently protected gastric cancer cells from serum depletion-induced apoptosis. Further study shows that OPN activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt survival pathway and up-regulated HIF-1alpha via binding to v3 integrins in gastric cancer cells. Moreover, we found that OPN could activate MMP9 and upregulate MMP2. Taken together, our results suggest that the survival-promoting function is crucial for OPN to promote the development of gastric cancer, and HIF-1 and MMP9 may play key roles during this process. Thus, targeting OPN and its related signalling network may develop an effective therapeutic approach for the management of gastric cancer.
authors: Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, China.|The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Song
authors: The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
authors: Gaoliang
authors: G
authors: Ouyang
authors: Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, China.
authors: Yubin
authors: Y
authors: Mao
authors: The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
authors: Yanlin
authors: Y
authors: Ming
authors: The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
authors: Shideng
authors: S
authors: Bao
authors: Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, China.
authors: Tianhui
authors: T
authors: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000502:physiology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D053495:Osteopontin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9