title: Gene looping is conferred by activator-dependent interaction of transcription initiation and termination machineries.
abstract: Gene looping juxtaposes the promoter and terminator regions of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes in yeast and mammalian cells. Here we report an activator-dependent interaction of transcription initiation and termination factors during gene looping in budding yeast. Chromatin analysis revealed that MET16, INO1, and GAL1p-BUD3 are in a stable looped configuration during activated transcription. Looping was nearly abolished in the absence of transcription activators Met28, Ino2, and Gal4 of MET16, INO1, and GAL1p-BUD3 genes, respectively. The activator-independent increase in transcription was not accompanied by loop formation, thereby suggesting an essential role for activators in gene looping. The activators did not facilitate loop formation directly because they did not exhibit an interaction with the 3' end of the genes. Instead, activators physically interacted with the general transcription factor TFIIB when the genes were activated and in a looped configuration. TFIIB cross-linked to both the promoter and the terminator regions during the transcriptionally activated state of a gene. The presence of TFIIB on the terminator was dependent on the Rna15 component of CF1 3' end processing complex. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed a physical interaction of Rna15 with TFIIB. We propose that the activators facilitate gene looping through their interaction with TFIIB during transcriptional activation of genes.
authors: Department of Biological Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
authors: Belal
authors: B
authors: El Kaderi
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Medler
authors: Sarita
authors: S
authors: Raghunayakula
authors: Athar
authors: A
authors: Ansari
mesh_terms: D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D035581:Transcription Factor TFIIB / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D035581:Transcription Factor TFIIB; D014157:Transcription Factors; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors; C512635:RNA15 protein, S cerevisiae; D012319:RNA Polymerase II