title: Initial surgical experience in laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for middle and lower third rectal cancer: short-term results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total mesorectal excision (TME) of the rectum has been advocated as the gold standard surgical treatment of middle and lower third rectal cancer. Laparoscopy has gained acceptance among surgeons in the treatment of colon malignancies, while scepticism exists about laparoscopic TME in terms of safety and its oncological adequacy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of laparoscopic TME on surgical and oncological outcome in a group of consecutive unselected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-two patients with middle or inferior rectal cancer were admitted to our unit and underwent TME from December 1998 to February 2008. Eighty-nine patients were approached with laparoscopy. Patients staged cT3/4 cTxN+ or uTxN+ were submitted to neoadjuvant treatment. Postoperative complications and oncological outcomes were registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the laparoscopic group 80 anterior resections (including 4 intersphincteric resections and manual colo- anal anastomosis) and 9 abdominal-perineal resections were performed. 33.3% of patients were enrolled in "long-course" neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (partial and complete response rates 88.2% and 11.8%, respectively). Protective lateral ileostomy was performed in 72% of patients. Mean operative time was 254.3+/-38.3 min and mean blood loss was 215+/-180 ml. Conversion rate was 12.7%. Morbidity rate was 39.3% without mortality. The rate of anastomotic leaks was 13.48%, reoperation rate 13.48%, recovery rate 3.1+/-1.4 days and hospital stay 10.4+/-4.6 days. Concerning adequacy of oncologic resection, mean distance of the tumour from the anal verge was 4.3+/-2.2 cm. Nodal sampling of 12.4+/-4.8 were obtained. Six patients (6/89, 6.74%) had a R1 margin: 3 distal and 3 circumferential. Median follow-up was 29 months and local recurrence rate was 5.79%. Four-year cumulative overall survival was 78% and disease-free survival was 63% (Kaplan-Meier method).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic approach for rectal tumour is a technically demanding procedure, but it is oncologically safe.
authors: Gastrointestinal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain. jmfernandez@fhalcorcon.es
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Fernández-Cebrián
authors: Pablo
authors: P
authors: Gil
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Hernández-Granados
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Fiuza
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Ochando
authors: Carmelo
authors: C
authors: Loinaz
authors: José Antonio
authors: JA
authors: Rueda
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Lasala
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Jiménez-Almonacid
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Vega
authors: Mar
authors: M
authors: Pardo
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Quintans
mesh_terms: D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome