title: Improvement in glycemic control in morbidly obese type 2 diabetic subjects by gastric stimulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric electrical stimulation synchronized to the refractory period of gastric electrical activity and applied during meals was evaluated for safety and for improvement of body weight and glycemic control in obese type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved obese diabetic type 2 (ODM) patients in a multicenter open-label European feasibility trial. A total of 24 ODM (nine males, 15 females) treated with insulin and/or oral hyperglycemic agents and body mass index between 33.3 to 49.7 kg/m(2) were implanted laparoscopically with a TANTALUS system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 18 adverse events related to the implant procedure or the device reported in 12 subjects. All were short lived and resolved with no sequelae. In the 21 subjects that reached the 1-year visit weight was reduced by 4.5 +/- 2.7 kg (p < 0.05) and HbA1c by 0.5 +/- 0.3% (p < 0.05). In a subgroup (n = 11) on stable or reduced oral medication, weight was reduced by 6.3 +/- 3.4 kg (p < 0.05) and HbA1c by 0.9 +/- 0.4% (p < 0.05). The group on insulin (n = 6) had no significant changes in weight and HbA1c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TANTALUS system is well tolerated in obese type 2 diabetic subjects. Gastric electrical stimulation can potentially improve glucose metabolism and induce weight loss in obese diabetic patients, who are not well controlled on oral antidiabetic therapy. Further evaluation is required to determine whether this effect is due to induced weight loss and/or to direct signal dependent mechanisms.
authors: Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria.
authors: Arthur
authors: A
authors: Bohdjalian
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Prager
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Rosak
authors: Rudolf
authors: R
authors: Weiner
authors: Ralf
authors: R
authors: Jung
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Schramm
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Aviv
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Schindler
authors: Walid
authors: W
authors: Haddad
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Rosenthal
authors: Bernhard
authors: B
authors: Ludvik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human