title: Constipation in intensive care unit: incidence and risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although gastrointestinal motility disorders are common in critically ill patients, constipation and its implications have received very little attention. We aimed to determine the incidence of constipation to find risk factors and its implications in critically ill patients
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 6-month period, we enrolled all patients admitted to an intensive care unit from an universitary hospital who stayed 3 or more days. Patients submitted to bowel surgery were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Constipation occurred in 69.9% of the patients. There was no difference between constipated and not constipated in terms of sex, age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, type of admission (surgical, clinical, or trauma), opiate use, antibiotic therapy, and mechanical ventilation. Early (<24 hours) enteral nutrition was associated with less constipation, a finding that persisted at multivariable analysis (P < .01). Constipation was not associated with greater intensive care unit or mortality, length of stay, or days free from mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Constipation is very common among critically ill patients. Early enteral nutrition is associated with earlier return of bowel function.
authors: Department of Medicine, Discipline of Medical Emergencies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. paulo_nassar@yahoo.com.br
authors: Antonio Paulo
authors: AP
authors: Nassar
authors: Fernanda Maria Queiroz
authors: FM
authors: da Silva
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: de Cleva
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D003248:Constipation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016638:Critical Illness; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000009:adverse effects; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009294:Narcotics