title: The relevance of hemoglobin F measurement in the diagnosis of thalassemias and related hemoglobinopathies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The increase in hemoglobin (Hb) F level is variably associated to the presence of beta thalassemia trait, and is more typical in presence of deltabeta thalassemia and of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. In normal healthy subjects variable levels of HbF are related to the presence of the polymorphism (G)gamma -158 (C>T). Moreover, HbF can also be variably increased in association with other acquired conditions. The objective of this work is to review the role of the determination of HbF in various conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present document we comment on the need for accuracy and standardization, and on the interpretation of the HbF value, reviewing most crucial aspects related to this test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present a practical flow-chart summarizing the significance of the HbF estimation in different thalassemia syndromes and related hemoglobinopathies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The determination of HbF is relevant for the final diagnosis of various physiopathological conditions. In our opinion its importance will increase in the following years, because of the proliferation of novel approaches for the induction of HbF synthesis as a cure for thalassemia syndromes.
authors: Center for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (CIRME) and Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Milano, Milano, Italy. andrea.mosca@unimi.it
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Mosca
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Paleari
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Leone
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Ivaldi
mesh_terms: D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D013789:Thalassemia / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin