Axon regeneration in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Axon regeneration in the mature mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is extremely limited after injury. Consequently, functional deficits persist after spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury, stroke, and related conditions that involve axonal disconnection. This situation differs from that in the mammalian peripheral nervous system (PNS), where long-distance axon regeneration and substantial functional recovery can occur in the adult. Both extracellular molecules and the intrinsic growth capacity of the neuron influence regenerative success. This chapter discusses determinants of axon regeneration in the PNS and CNS.
Huebner
Eric A
EA
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Strittmatter
Stephen M
SM
D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D055233:Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D055233:Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins; C524531:SPRR1A protein, human