title: In vitro oxime-assisted reactivation of paraoxon-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Organophosphorus pesticides and nerve agents are highly toxic to humans and other living organisms, primarily because of their interaction with enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The aim of our study was to find suitable reactivators of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase and to recommend the most efficacious compounds for the next evaluation as antidotes for intoxication by pesticides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen structurally different oxime reactivators were tested for their in vitro ability to reactivate paraoxon-inhibited human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and human plasma butyrylcholinesterase to find out structure-activity relationship within this set of compounds. Their reactivation ability was compared with commercially available acetylcholinesterase reactivators (pralidoxime, methoxime, trimedoxime, obidoxime, and HI-6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The best reactivation ability was achieved with obidoxime, trimedoxime, compounds K027, K075, K203, and K048. We have also tested reactivation of butyrylcholinesterase with the aim to recommend an efficient reactivator, able to perform a "pseudo catalytic" bioscavenger with butyrylcholinesterase, which is developed as new antidote of organophosphate poisonings. Such combination could allow an enhancement of prophylactic and therapeutic efficiency of administered enzyme. Compounds K117, K269, K075, and trimedoxime were found to be the most potent reactivators of inhibited butyrylcholinesterase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this work, we have evaluated only reactivation of paraoxon-inhibited cholinesterases. To get better understanding of this problem, a larger number of organophosphorus inhibitors should be used.
authors: Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. lucie.musil@centrum.cz
authors: Lucie
authors: L
authors: Musilova
authors: Kamil
authors: K
authors: Kuca
authors: Young-Sik
authors: YS
authors: Jung
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Jun
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000931:Antidotes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010261:Paraoxon / Q000633:toxicity*; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D010261:Paraoxon