title: Biomarkers of premature atherosclerosis.
abstract: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein and a biochemical marker with important prognostic value for cardiovascular events. Interleukins IL-1 and IL-6 are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and are associated with CRP. Apolipoproteins ApoA-I and ApoB are the main lipid metabolic markers implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Fibrinogen has also been proposed to be a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Because premature atherosclerosis precedes the development of cardiovascular disease, identification of the associated biomarkers is of great importance. However, further studies will be needed to determine whether or not these markers are useful predictors of future cardiovascular events. Here, we review the roles of specific biomarkers that have been implicated in premature atherosclerosis.
authors: Athens University Medical School, 1(st) Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors: Anna-Maria
authors: AM
authors: Kampoli
authors: Dimitris
authors: D
authors: Tousoulis
authors: Charalambos
authors: C
authors: Antoniades
authors: Gerasimos
authors: G
authors: Siasos
authors: Christodoulos
authors: C
authors: Stefanadis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D002097:C-Reactive Protein