title: Effectiveness of skull models and surgical simulation: comparison of outcome between different surgical techniques in patients with isolated brachycephaly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to emphasize the importance of preoperative surgical planning using 3D skull models in craniosynostosis surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using 3D polymethyl methacrylate skull models manufactured using 3D tomography images, the authors previously showed that after fronto-parietal osteotomy, instead of fixing the fronto-parietal bone flap without rotation, angled advancement with horizontal osteotomy provides maximum increase in intracranial volume, in a bilateral coronal craniosynostosis model. After changing the operation technique using data gathered from previous studies, we reviewed two bilateral craniosynostosis patients operated with the new technique and compared it with two patients that were operated with the old technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing cranial indexes (CI), significant improvement was detected in both groups. The decrease in CI in the second group was slightly better than the first group. In the comparison of intracranial volume (ICV), there was an increase in ICV values in both groups. The percentage of increase between two groups was similar. The morphological outcome was satisfactory in all patients. There were no major or minor complications and morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current multislice tomography technology and stereolithographic procedures provide an excellent surgical simulation model to find new techniques and predict the outcome. These models should be used in all complex and syndromic craniosynostosis for both better results and reducing the operative time and associated blood loss.
authors: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Hakan
authors: H
authors: Emmez
authors: Ismail
authors: I
authors: Küçüködük
authors: Alp Ozgün
authors: AO
authors: Börcek
authors: Aydemir
authors: A
authors: Kale
authors: Eren
authors: E
authors: Seçen
authors: Gonca
authors: G
authors: Erbaş
authors: Reha
authors: R
authors: Yavuzer
authors: M Kemali
authors: MK
authors: Baykaner
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D011859:Radiography; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome