title: Transgenerational changes in somatic and germ line genetic integrity of first-generation offspring derived from the DNA damaged sperm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a more quantitative approach to study the influence of varying levels of sperm DNA damage on transgenerational changes in genomic instability in a mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Embryology research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swiss albino mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sperm DNA damage was induced by different doses of gamma-irradiation to male mice followed by mating with healthy female mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic integrity in embryos, fetus, and spermatozoa of F1 mice derived from the DNA-damaged sperm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The transgenerational changes in genetic integrity were attributed by a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronuclei in preimplantation embryos and a concomitant increase in genomic instability in fetal liver cells and sperm chromatin modifications in F1 males. A strong positive correlation was observed between the extent of sperm DNA damage and somatic and germ-line genomic instability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sperm-mediated transgenerational genomic instability is dependent on the amount of DNA damage present in the sire's sperm at the time of fertilization.
authors: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India. satish.adiga@manipal.edu
authors: Satish Kumar
authors: SK
authors: Adiga
authors: Dinesh
authors: D
authors: Upadhya
authors: Guruprasad
authors: G
authors: Kalthur
authors: Satish Rao
authors: SR
authors: Bola Sadashiva
authors: Pratap
authors: P
authors: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D005720:Gamma Rays; D042822:Genomic Instability / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000528:radiation effects; D018812:Paternal Exposure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000528:radiation effects*