title: Exploring the hypothesis of ethnic practice as social capital: violence among Asian/Pacific Islander youth in Hawaii.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies of youth violence have usually examined social capital using qualitative methods, but remain limited by small sample sizes. In addition, few studies examine violence among Asian/Pacific Islander (API) youth, even though they are one of the fastest-growing youth populations in the USA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To contribute to a better understanding of culture and ethnicity in youth violence among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders by quantifying ethnic forms of social capital.
  
  
  METHODS
  We use an n = 326 sample of three API groups from Oahu, Hawaii. Defining social capital as ethnic practice, we test Filipino, Hawaiian and Samoan forms of youth social capital on intimate and non-intimate violence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bivariate findings associate lower violence with language ability among Filipinos, coming-of-age practices among Hawaiians, and community leader engagement among Samoans. Multivariate tests showed language to be the strongest correlation. Bivariate tests also suggested potentially risky forms of social capital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  results lead us to hypothesize that social capital that deliberately places individuals within their respective ethnic communities are risk-reducing, as are those that promote formal ethnic community structures. Those that formalize ethnic practice and social capital into commercial activities may be associated with higher risk of violence. Given the relatively small sample size and the exploratory approach for the present investigation, further research is needed to determine whether the findings can be replicated and to extend the findings of the present preliminary study.
authors: Department of Political Science, University of Hawaii, USA. jhs@hawaii.edu
authors: James H
authors: JH
authors: Spencer
authors: Katherine
authors: K
authors: Irwin
authors: Karen N
authors: KN
authors: Umemoto
authors: Orlando
authors: O
authors: Garcia-Santiago
authors: Stephanie T
authors: ST
authors: Nishimura
authors: Earl S
authors: ES
authors: Hishinuma
authors: Soojean
authors: S
authors: Choi-Misailidis
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D003415:Crime / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006254:Hawaii; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012933:Social Identification; D012944:Social Support; D012945:Social Values; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D014754:Violence / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology