title: Complications of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy--experience of 117 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the combined surgical technique of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (LRH + LPL) for cervical cancers and summarize our experiences in prevention and treatment of complications, so as to provide strategies to prevent and appropriately manage the complications that may occur during these procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was conducted on LRH + LPL in 117 cases of cervical cancer with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages Ib (n = 96) and II a (n = 21) from August 1998 to December 2006. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall conversion rate was 1.7% (2/117). Four patients had vessel injuries, 3 of which were treated laparoscopically. One patient had a common iliac vein laceration that could not be controlled laparoscopically after failing to deal with the injured branch of common iliac vein. Cystotomy occurred in 5 patients. One case of stage IIa with a bladder laceration longer than 3 cm was converted to laparotomy during the early stages of the learning curve. The remaining 4 were managed laparoscopically. Postoperative complications occurred in 38.5% (n = 45) of the patients, including 38 patients with urinary retention who exhibited complete resolution within 6 months by intermittent training and catheterization, 4 with lymphocyst who underwent conservation treatment, 1 with ureteral fistula that was treated by cystoscopic placement of double-J ureteral stents, 1 with mild adynamic bowel obstruction who received conservative management, and 1 with vesicovaginal fistula that was closed by conservative treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the continuous skilled laparoscopic technology, mastering the tips of prevention, and treatment of complications, LRH + LPL will be widely performed in the future.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China.
authors: Xiaojian
authors: X
authors: Yan
authors: Guangyi
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: Huilin
authors: H
authors: Shang
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: Lushi
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Yubin
authors: Y
authors: Han
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult