title: Parental exposure to pesticides and childhood brain cancer: U.S. Atlantic coast childhood brain cancer study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The etiology of childhood brain cancer remains largely unknown. However, previous studies have yielded suggestive associations with parental pesticide use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate parental exposure to pesticides at home and on the job in relation to the occurrence of brain cancer in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 526 one-to-one-matched case-control pairs. Brain cancer cases were diagnosed at < 10 years of age, and were identified from statewide cancer registries of four U.S. Atlantic Coast states. We selected controls by random digit dialing. We conducted computer-assisted telephone interviews with mothers. Using information on residential pesticide use and jobs held by fathers during the 2-year period before the child's birth, we assessed potential exposure to insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. For each job, two raters independently classified the probability and intensity of exposure; 421 pairs were available for final analysis. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression, after adjustment for maternal education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant risk of astrocytoma was associated with exposures to herbicides from residential use (OR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-3.0). Combining parental exposures to herbicides from both residential and occupational sources, the elevated risk remained significant (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1). We observed little association with primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) for any of the pesticide classes or exposure sources considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observation is consistent with a previous literature reporting suggestive associations between parental exposure to pesticides and risk of astrocytoma in offspring but not PNET. However, these findings should be viewed in light of limitations in exposure assessment and effective sample size.
authors: Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3737, USA. Yshim@cdc.gov
authors: Youn K
authors: YK
authors: Shim
authors: Steven P
authors: SP
authors: Mlynarek
authors: Edwin
authors: E
authors: van Wijngaarden
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018812:Paternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010575:Pesticides