title: Histone deacetylase inhibitors cooperate with IFN-gamma to restore caspase-8 expression and overcome TRAIL resistance in cancers with silencing of caspase-8.
abstract: Evasion of apoptosis can be caused by epigenetic silencing of caspase-8, a key component of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Loss of caspase-8 correlates with poor prognosis in medulloblastoma, which highlights the relevance of strategies to upregulate caspase-8 to break apoptosis resistance. Here, we develop a new combinatorial approach, that is treatment using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) together with interferon (IFN)-gamma, to restore caspase-8 expression and to overcome resistance to the death-receptor ligand TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in medulloblastoma in vitro and in vivo. HDACI, for example, valproic acid (VA), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and MS-275, cooperate with IFN-gamma to upregulate caspase-8 in cancer cells lacking caspase-8, thereby restoring sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Molecular studies show that VA promotes histone acetylation and acts in concert with IFN-gamma to stimulate caspase-8 promoter activity. The resulting increase in caspase-8 mRNA and protein expression leads to enhanced TRAIL-induced activation of caspase-8 at the death-inducing signaling complex, mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization and caspase-dependent cell death. Intriguingly, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of caspase-8 also abolishes the VA/IFN-gamma-mediated sensitization for TRAIL-induced apoptosis. It is important to note that VA and IFN-gamma restore caspase-8 expression and sensitivity to TRAIL in primary medulloblastoma samples and significantly potentiate TRAIL-mediated suppression of medulloblastoma growth in vivo. These findings provide the rationale for further (pre)clinical evaluation of VA and IFN-gamma to restore caspase-8 expression and apoptosis sensitivity in cancers with caspase-8 silencing and open new perspectives to overcome TRAIL resistance.
authors: University Children's Hospital, Ulm, D-89075, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Häcker
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Dittrich
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mohr
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Schweitzer
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rutkowski
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Krauss
authors: K-M
authors: KM
authors: Debatin
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Fulda
mesh_terms: D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006579:Heterozygote; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008527:Medulloblastoma; D009369:Neoplasms; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077337:Vorinostat
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D011725:Pyridines; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C118739:entinostat; D000077337:Vorinostat; D014635:Valproic Acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D053181:Caspase 8