title: Stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of cranial and spinal hemangioblastomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stereotactic radiosurgery has been used for nearly 2 decades to treat hemangioblastomas, particularly those that are in surgically inaccessible locations or that are multiple, as is common in von Hippel-Lindau disease. There is a paucity of long-term published radiosurgical treatment outcomes, particularly for spinal lesions, in a large patient population. The purpose of this study was to provide a long-term retrospective evaluation of radiosurgical hemangioblastoma treatment effectiveness, with a special emphasis on the relatively recent use of frameless, image-guided radiosurgery in the treatment of spinal lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1991 to 2007, 92 hemangioblastomas in 31 patients, 26 with von Hippel-Lindau disease, were treated with radiosurgery (27 tumors treated with frame-based linear accelerator radiosurgery, and 67 tumors were treated with CyberKnife radiosurgery). The mean patient age was 41 years (range, 18-81 years). The radiation dose to the tumor periphery averaged 23.4 Gy (range, 12-40 Gy). The mean tumor volume was 1.8 cm (range, 0.058-65.4 cm). Tumor response was evaluated in serial, contrast-enhanced, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical and radiographic follow-up data were available for 82 hemangioblastoma tumors. Only 13 (16%) of the treated hemangioblastomas progressed, whereas 18 tumors (22%) showed radiographic regression, and 51 tumors (62%) remained unchanged in size. With median follow-up of 69 months (range, 5-164 months), the actuarial local control rates at 36 and 60 months were 85% and 82%, respectively. Radiosurgery improved lesion-associated symptoms in 36 of 41 tumors. During the follow-up period, 9 patients died of causes unrelated to the progression of their treated hemangioblastomas, and 5 patients developed radiation necrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stereotactic radiosurgery is safe and effective in the treatment of hemangioblastomas and is an attractive alternative to surgery for patients, including those with von Hippel-Lindau disease.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors: Jason M
authors: JM
authors: Moss
authors: Clara Y H
authors: CY
authors: Choi
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Adler
authors: Scott G
authors: SG
authors: Soltys
authors: Iris C
authors: IC
authors: Gibbs
authors: Steven D
authors: SD
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003390:Cranial Nerve Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018325:Hemangioblastoma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult; D006623:von Hippel-Lindau Disease / Q000601:surgery*