Comparison of plasma antioxidant levels and related metabolic parameters between smokers and non-smokers.
The relationship between cigarette smoking and cell damage is complicated, particularly considering the role of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to identify the relationships among plasma nicotine metabolites, lipophilic antioxidants, and metabolic parameters in smokers and nonsmokers. This cross-sectional study recruited 100 subjects who visited the Department of Family Medicine at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. Excluding 14 ineligible cases, 46 smokers and 40 non-smokers were enrolled. Plasma nicotine metabolites, lipophilic antioxidants (including retinol, lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, delta-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol), related metabolic parameters, and body composition (including height, weight, body mass index, body fat, and waist circumference) were examined by comparison of means, correlations and regressions. Significant correlations among nicotine metabolites, age, sex, body composition and plasma lipophilic antioxidants were noted. Nicotine metabolites, age, body height and body weight were closely associated with plasma antioxidant levels (p < 0.05) in multiple linear regression. The levels of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, gamma-tocopherol and lycopene were lower in smokers than in non-smokers (p < 0.01). The plasma level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), which is a marker for high cardiovascular risk, was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (p = 0.003). We conclude that the lower plasma antioxidant levels and the higher level of hsCRP in smokers may lead to decreased protective efficacy compared with non-smokers. Further studies are warranted to support our hypothesis.
Chiu
Yu-Wen
YW
Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Chuang
Hung-Yi
HY
Huang
Meng-Chuan
MC
Wu
Ming-Tsang
MT
Liu
Hong-Wen
HW
Huang
Chia-Tsuan
CT
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood
D000975:Antioxidants; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids; C041635:alpha-carotene; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; C479072:delta-tocopherol; D024505:Tocopherols; D000077276:Lycopene