title: Uncontrolled hemorrhage in insulin-dependent diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for higher morbidity and mortality after trauma. The authors tested the hypothesis that there is a difference in the response to uncontrolled hemorrhage between normal euglycemic rats and insulin-dependent diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Fifteen streptozocin (STZ)-injected rats became diabetic (DM+) 2 weeks after treatment. Sixteen rats served as nondiabetic controls (DM-). All rats were anesthetized with Althesin and their femoral arteries were catheterized via cutdown, allowing continuous monitoring of vital signs. Sixteen (eight DM-, eight DM+) rats underwent uncontrolled hemorrhage by 75% tail amputation. Fifteen (eight DM-, seven DM+) rats served as non-hemorrhage controls. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), lactate, and cumulative hemorrhage volume per 100 g were measured pre-hemorrhage and then every 15 minutes post-hemorrhage for 2 hours. Data were reported as mean +/- standard deviation. Interval data were analyzed by analysis of variance (two tails, alpha = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-hemorrhage glucose was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the DM+ (357.9 +/- 22.2 mg/dL) versus DM- (125.7 +/- 9.7 mg/dL) rats. At baseline, there was no significant difference in weight, MAP, or lactate between DM+ and DM- rats. Body-weight-adjusted mean cumulative hemorrhage volume was significantly greater (p < 0.04) in diabetic rats (2.52 +/- 0.15 cm(3)/100 g body weight) than the nondiabetic rats (1.86 +/- 0.25 cm(3)/100 g body weight).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to nondiabetic rats, diabetic rats suffered a greater blood loss after the same uncontrolled vascular injury.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. morleye@upstate.edu
authors: Eric J
authors: EJ
authors: Morley
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Paladino
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Tham
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Gantman
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Carrer
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Yakabov
authors: Shane
authors: S
authors: Kelly
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Sinert
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin