title: Recalled and recorded bowel habits confirm early onset and high frequency of constipation in day-care nursery children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mothers recall early-onset constipation in children attending gastroenterology clinics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the bowel habit of young children in the community to determine, first, whether early-onset constipation is confirmed in this setting and, second, the agreement between recalled and recorded bowel habit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Defecation data of 57 children aged 6.0-40.7 mo were obtained by maternal recall (questionnaire on predominant stool characteristics) and by record (1,934 defecations registered prospectively at home and in the nursery). The bowel habit was classified according to stool frequency and proportion of stool characteristics (soft, hard and/or runny). Two criteria were used to classify recorded data, since the cutoff point for hard stools to identify constipation is undefined in children: predominant criterion and adult criterion, respectively with >50% and >25% of stools with altered consistency. Bowel habit categories were: adequate, constipation, functional diarrhea and 'other bowel habit'. Nonparametric statistics, and the Kappa index for agreement between recalled and recorded bowel habit, were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Constipation occurred in 17.5%, 10.5%, 19.3% of the children by recall, the predominant and the adult criteria, respectively. Constipation was the main recalled alteration, vs 12.3% 'other bowel habit'. Only one child classified as having functional diarrhea (by the adult criterion). Agreement between recalled and recorded bowel habit was fair for constipation, by the predominant and the adult criteria (K = 0.28 and 0.24, respectively), but only slight (K <0.16) for other bowel habit categories. Individual data, however, pointed to a better relationship between recalled constipation and the adult rather than the predominant criterion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequent early-onset constipation was confirmed. Fair agreement between recalled and recorded constipation by the two used criteria indicates that recalled data are quite reliable to detect constipation.
authors: Pediatric Gastroenterology Discipline, Department of Pediatrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Hilton Coimbra
authors: HC
authors: Borgo
authors: Helga Verena Leoni
authors: HV
authors: Maffei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002656:Child Day Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003248:Constipation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003672:Defecation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires