title: Complex span versus updating tasks of working memory: the gap is not that deep.
abstract: How to best measure working memory capacity is an issue of ongoing debate. Besides established complex span tasks, which combine short-term memory demands with generally unrelated secondary tasks, there exists a set of paradigms characterized by continuous and simultaneous updating of several items in working memory, such as the n-back, memory updating, or alpha span tasks. With a latent variable analysis (N = 96) based on content-heterogeneous operationalizations of both task families, the authors found a latent correlation between a complex span factor and an updating factor that was not statistically different from unity (r = .96). Moreover, both factors predicted fluid intelligence (reasoning) equally well. The authors conclude that updating tasks measure working memory equally well as complex span tasks. Processes involved in building, maintaining, and updating arbitrary bindings may constitute the common working memory ability underlying performance on reasoning, complex span, and updating tasks.
authors: Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
authors: Florian
authors: F
authors: Schmiedek
authors: Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Hildebrandt
authors: Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Lövdén
authors: Institute of Psychology, Humboldt-Universitat Berlin.
authors: Oliver
authors: 0000-0001-7980-1166
authors: O
authors: Wilhelm
authors: Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
authors: Ulman
authors: 0000-0001-8428-6453
authors: U
authors: Lindenberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D055815:Young Adult