title: Apoptotic effect of sonodynamic therapy mediated by hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on C6 glioma cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new method for treating cancer by inducing cell necrosis and/or apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of cell apoptosis after SDT treatment remain unclear. In this study we investigated the apoptotic effect and mechanisms of SDT mediated by hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) on C6 glioma cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The time of ultrasound irradiation was optimized by MTT. The apoptotic rate, generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry, and expressions of apoptosis proteins were measured by Western blot after SDT treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results displayed that treatment of C6 glioma cells with SDT resulted in the occurrence of apoptosis, which was associated with the production of ROS and loss of MMP. The results also showed that protein expression of Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 significantly increased, protein expression of Bcl-2 and Fas-L significantly decreased, and Fas protein expression was unchanged after SDT treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that the mitochondrial signal pathway may play a pivotal role in the apoptosis induced by SDT in C6 glioma cells.
authors: Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nanggang District, People's Republic of China. daishaochun@yeah.net
authors: Shaochun
authors: S
authors: Dai
authors: Shaoshan
authors: S
authors: Hu
authors: Changjun
authors: C
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D006415:Hematoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006415:Hematoporphyrins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C494379:hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether