title: Long-term follow-up of male patients after reconstruction of the bladder-exstrophy-epispadias complex: psychosocial status, continence, renal and genital function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a paucity of knowledge about long-term outcome issues in the bladder-exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC). Adult male BEEC patients were investigated in respect of bladder and renal function, fertility, genital function and psychosocial facts.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, 17 adult male BEEC patients (mean age 23.4 years) from a single centre were evaluated with a questionnaire, renal and bladder ultrasound, blood tests, hormonal profile and semen analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phenotypically one patient had complete epispadias and 16 had classical bladder exstrophy. Five patients underwent a one-stage functional reconstruction as a primary and 12 as a redo procedure. After a mean follow-up of 19.4 years, 15 bladders were preserved with 12 voiding per urethram and 3 performing intermittent catheterization; 2 were secondarily diverted. Significant residual urine was present in 10; kidneys were normal in 14 patients. Sixteen patients proved ejaculations, 3 had normospermia, 7 oligoasthenospermia and 6 azospermia. In patients with only one single bladder neck procedure normospermia was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After functional BEEC reconstruction, long-term bladder function is preserved with mostly normal renal function. The number of bladder neck attempts has a significant influence on andrologic outcome. Detailed analysis may detect multifactorial pathogenesis from the impaired sperm quality in the BEEC.
authors: Department of Paediatric Urology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. anne-karoline.ebert@barmherzige-regensburg.de
authors: Anne K
authors: AK
authors: Ebert
authors: Günter
authors: G
authors: Schott
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Bals-Pratsch
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Seifert
authors: Wolfgang H
authors: WH
authors: Rösch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004842:Epispadias / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D005298:Fertility; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology; D014554:Urination; D055815:Young Adult