title: Pregnancy at term does not alter the responses to a mechanical and an electrical stimulus after skin EMLA application.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pregnancy is associated with reduced local anesthetic requirements and increased pain thresholds, possibly due to hormonal changes and activation of endogenous opioids.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the responses to a mechanical and an electrical stimulus in 30 pregnant women (pregnant group) scheduled for cesarean section and 30 healthy female volunteers (control group) matched for age. Pain was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) on two different days after skin application of EMLA or placebo cream on the forearms. EMLA and placebo cream were randomly applied on the medial surface of both forearms for 30 min in a blind cross over manner and the subjects received a mechanical stimulus generated through a pressor palpator followed by an electrical stimulus generated through a nerve stimulator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average VAS values from both trials did not differ between pregnant and control group exposed to the mechanical or electrical stimulus after EMLA application or after mechanical or electrical stimulus after placebo cream application..
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late pregnancy is not associated with increased sensitivity to local anesthetics (EMLA) applied to the skin, under our study conditions.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Amalia
authors: A
authors: Katafigioti
authors: Anteia
authors: A
authors: Paraskeva
authors: Georgios
authors: G
authors: Petropoulos
authors: Ioanna
authors: I
authors: Siafaka
authors: Argyro
authors: A
authors: Fassoulaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D011318:Prilocaine; D008012:Lidocaine