title: A new de-airing technique that reduces systemic microemboli during open surgery: a prospective controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have evaluated a new technique of cardiac de-airing that is aimed at a) minimizing air from entering into the pulmonary veins by opening both pleurae and allowing lungs to collapse and b) flushing out residual air from the lungs by staged cardiac filling and lung ventilation. These air emboli are usually trapped in the pulmonary veins and may lead to ventricular dysfunction, life-threatening arrhythmias, and transient or permanent neurologic deficits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients undergoing elective true left open surgery were prospectively and alternately enrolled in the study to the conventional de-airing technique (pleural cavities unopened, dead space ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass [control group]) and the new de-airing technique (pleural cavities open, ventilator disconnected during cardiopulmonary bypass, staged perfusion, and ventilation of lungs during de-airing [study group]). Transesophageal echocardiography and transcranial Doppler continually monitored the air emboli during the de-airing period and for 10 minutes after termination of the cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of air embolism as observed on echocardiography and the number of microembolic signals as recorded by transcranial Doppler were significantly less in the study group during the de-airing time (P < .001) and the first 10 minutes after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass (P < .001). Further, the de-airing time was significantly shorter in the study group (10 vs 17 minutes, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The de-airing technique evaluated in this study is simple, reproducible, controlled, safe, and effective. Moreover, it is cost-effective because the de-airing time is short and no extra expenses are involved.
authors: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Faleh
authors: F
authors: Al-Rashidi
authors: Sten
authors: S
authors: Blomquist
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Höglund
authors: Carl
authors: C
authors: Meurling
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Roijer
authors: Bansi
authors: B
authors: Koul
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial