title: Residual torticollis in patients after strabismus surgery for congenital superior oblique palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study postoperative residual vertical deviation and abnormal head posture (AHP) after surgical treatment for congenital superior oblique palsy (SOP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with both SOP and AHP who underwent extraocular muscle surgery for correction of AHP were recruited. The patients received complete ophthalmic and orthopaedic examinations. Residual AHP was classified according to severity of face turn, head tilt and chin elevation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two children with mean age at operation of 82.6 months were recruited, with mean follow-up of 37.9 months. Of these children, 65.6% had a postoperative vertical deviation of less than three prism dioptres. In addition, 34.4% patients had resolved (0 degrees ), 34.4% had mild (1 degrees -10 degrees ), and 31.3% had significant residual torticollis (>10 degrees ). Of the patients with significant residual torticollis, 33.3% had ocular causes. The mean age at operation for the patients with residual torticollis (95.9 months) was older than those without torticollis (79.9 months) (p = 0.018). Residual torticollis was found to be related to sternocleidomastoid muscle tightness (p = 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success rate for eliminating significant AHP after strabismus surgery for patients with congenital SOP was 68.8%. Early surgery was associated with a better outcome. Association was also found between sternocleidomastoid tightness and AHP. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended in the management of torticollis as ophthalmic and orthopaedic comorbidities can coexist.
authors: Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors: F H S
authors: FH
authors: Lau
authors: D S P
authors: DS
authors: Fan
authors: K K W
authors: KK
authors: Sun
authors: C B O
authors: CB
authors: Yu
authors: C Y
authors: CY
authors: Wong
authors: D S C
authors: DS
authors: Lam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000209:etiology; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D014103:Torticollis / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020432:Trochlear Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*