title: A further insight into the biosorption mechanism of Pt(IV) by infrared spectrometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platinum nanomaterial is one of the significant noble metal catalysts, and the interaction of platinum with microbe is one of the key factors in influencing the size and the distribution of the platinum nanoparticles on the microbial biomass. Some properties of Pt(IV) adsorption and reduction by resting cells of Bacillus megatherium D01 biomass have once been investigated, still the mechanism active in the platinum biosorption remains to be seen and requires further elucidating.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A further insight into the biosorption mechanism of Pt(IV) onto resting cells of Bacillus megatherium D02 biomass on a molecular level has been obtained. The image of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the D02 biomass challenged with Pt(IV) displayed a clear distribution of bioreduced platinum particles with sizes of nanometer scale on the biomass. The state of Pt(IV) bioreduced to elemental Pt(0) examined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested that the biomass reduces the Pt(IV) to Pt(II) followed by a slower reduction to Pt(0). The analysis of glucose content in the hydrolysates of D02 biomass for different time intervals using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry indicated that certain reducing sugars occur in the hydrolyzed biomass and that the hydrolysis of polysaccharides of the biomass is a rapid process. The infrared (IR) spectrometry on D02 biomass and that challenged with Pt(IV), and on glucose and that reacted with Pt(IV) demonstrated that the interaction of the biomass with Pt(IV) seems to be through oxygenous or nitrogenous chemical functional groups on the cell wall biopolymers; that the potential binding sites for Pt species include hydroxyl of saccharides, carboxylate anion and carboxyl of amino acid residues, peptide bond, etc.; and that the free monosaccharic group bearing hemiacetalic hydroxyl from the hydrolyzed biomass behaving as an electron donor, in situ reduces the Pt(IV) to Pt(0). And moreover, the binding of the Pt(IV) to the oxygen of the carbonyl group of peptide bond caused a change in the secondary structure of proteins; i.e. a transformation, in polypeptide chains, of beta-folded to alpha-helical form; it might be expected to be more advantageous than beta-folded form to the platinum nanoparticles under shelter from gathering although the both special conformations of proteins could be much probably responsible for the stabilization of the particles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  That knowledge could serve as a guide in the researches for improving the preparation of highly dispersive supported platinum catalyst and for fabricating new advanced platinum nanostructured devices by biotechnological methods.
authors: State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China. stzylin@xmu.edu.cn
authors: Zhongyu
authors: Z
authors: Lin
authors: Ru
authors: R
authors: Xue
authors: Yiwen
authors: Y
authors: Ye
authors: Jianhong
authors: J
authors: Zheng
authors: Zhenling
authors: Z
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001410:Bacillus megaterium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D002384:Catalysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D010984:Platinum; D005947:Glucose