Temperature mapping near the surface of ultrasound transducers using susceptibility- compensated magnetic resonance imaging.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based temperature mapping very close to the surface of an ultrasound transducer is not possible due to the large magnetic susceptibility- induced image artifacts that arise from the materials used in transducer construction. Here, it is shown in phantoms that "susceptibility-compensated" MRI sequences can be used to measure thermal increases approximately 1 mm from the surface of a 4-element cymbal array transducer, which has been used widely for noninvasive transdermal drug delivery. The estimated temperatures agree well with those measured using thermocouples.
Webb
Andrew G
AG
Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Neuberger
Thomas
T
Park
Eun-Joo
EJ
Smith
Nadine
N
D016477:Artifacts; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013696:Temperature; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods*; D014159:Transducers; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation*