title: Interleukin-18: an independent predictor of cardiovascular  events in patients with acute coronary syndrome  after 6 months of follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a proinflammatory cytokine, has been associated with atherogenesis and plaque rupture in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recent studies suggest that IL-18 may have a long-term prognostic value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between IL-18 levels and major adverse cardiovascular events within 6 months of follow-up in post-ACS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twelve consecutive patients admitted to a university hospital with ACS were included in the study. IL-18 and C-reactive protein were measured within the first 24 h of admission. Six months after hospital discharge, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, new episode of ACS, and need for unplanned revascularization) was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of patients was 64 +/- 11 years, and 58 (52%) were male. During the 6 months of follow-up, 33 patients (31.4%) experienced major adverse cardiovascular events. Median IL-18 serum levels were higher among patients who had events than among those who did not: 271.7 pg/ml (interquartile range: 172.9-389.6) and 139.7 pg/ml (interquartile range: 99.9-265.7), respectively (P < 0.01). In the Cox multivariate analysis, after adjustment for clinical risk factors and serum troponin, elevated levels of IL-18 were associated with higher incidence of events (hazard ratio: 2.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-5.52; P = 0.023). In this population, C-reactive protein was of borderline significance for events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum IL-18 levels in ACS patients were independent predictors of long-term cardiovascular events. These findings support the association between inflammation and prognosis of ACS patients, as well as the clinical impact of this biomarker.
authors: Graduate Program in Cardiology of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS 90035-903, Brazil. mvargasfurtado@gmail.com
authors: Mariana Vargas
authors: MV
authors: Furtado
authors: Ana Paula Webber
authors: AP
authors: Rossini
authors: Raquel Barth
authors: RB
authors: Campani
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Meotti
authors: Majorie
authors: M
authors: Segatto
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Vietta
authors: Carísi Anne
authors: CA
authors: Polanczyk
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020382:Interleukin-18; D014336:Troponin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein