title: Pilot study of a three-step diagnostic pathway for young and old patients with Parkinson's disease dementia: screen, test and then diagnose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To pilot a three-step diagnostic model for young and old patients with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective investigator-blinded study. We developed a screening questionnaire for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and their caregivers. Further, patients were subjected to three screening instruments (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-revised (ACE-R) and a detailed neuropsychological examination (NPE). Based on the NPE, patients were divided in a PD (without dementia) and a PDD-group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one PD patients, aged 37-94 years, participated in this study. Patients were divided in a young group, < or = 65 (n = 22) and an old group >65 years (n = 19). In the young group (PDD, n = 5) the patient-screening questionnaire predicted PDD with a sensitivity/specificity of 100.0%/94.1%; in the old group (PDD, n = 10) the proxy-screening questionnaire predicted PDD with a sensitivity/specificity of 88.9%/66.7%. In the young group, ACE-R had the largest Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.88 (0.70-1.00), in the old group MoCA (AUC 1.00). However, the three instruments did not differ significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems feasible and efficient to use three consecutive diagnostic steps for PDD: (1) a screening questionnaire, (2) if positive: MoCA, FAB or ACE-R as screening instrument and (3) if positive: a detailed NPE for diagnosing PDD.
authors: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
authors: Sarah H M
authors: SH
authors: Robben
authors: Monique J M
authors: MJ
authors: Sleegers
authors: Paul L J
authors: PL
authors: Dautzenberg
authors: Floor S
authors: FS
authors: van Bergen
authors: Jan-Pieter
authors: JP
authors: ter Bruggen
authors: Marcel G M Olde
authors: MG
authors: Rikkert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D019091:Critical Pathways; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards