title: Resident training in minimally invasive surgery: a survey of Canadian department and division chairs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to seek the opinions of academic surgical chairs on minimally invasive surgery (MIS) education for general surgery residents and to identify perceived gaps and trends in educational strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national survey on attitudes toward MIS was sent to the chairs of departments of surgery and divisions of general surgery across the 16 Canadian academic centers. The survey contained 34 questions consisting of Likert scales, single answers, and multiple-choice questions. Nonresponders were contacted directly. At the time of the survey, two department chair positions were vacant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 87% (26/30). The majority of the centers used early operating room exposure to basic MIS cases (92%) and animal labs (85%). Two-thirds of the institutions used early operating room exposure to advanced MIS cases (69%) and didactic lectures (65%). Half of the academic centers used MIS video (54%) and the laparoscopic virtual reality simulator (54%). The least used method was computer software (19%). The surgical division and department chairs believed the most effective teaching method was early operating room exposure to basic MIS cases (100%), followed by the laparoscopic virtual reality simulator (91%) and animal labs (88%). Computer software was considered 42% useful, and the least useful method was didactic lectures (16%). In the next 5 years, 62% of academic centers plan to add laparoscopic virtual reality simulators to their MIS curriculum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The chairs' opinion on the most effective MIS teaching method for residents is basic MIS cases followed by laparoscopic virtual reality simulators. The majority of academic institutions plan to add laparoscopic virtual reality simulators to the curriculum in the next 5 years.
authors: Division of General Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, CCW Rm 1617, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
authors: Beverley
authors: B
authors: Chan
authors: Guillaume
authors: G
authors: Martel
authors: Eric C
authors: EC
authors: Poulin
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Mamazza
authors: Robin P
authors: RP
authors: Boushey
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002170:Canada; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003479:Curriculum; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014584:User-Computer Interface