title: Estimated glucose disposal rate in assessment of the metabolic syndrome and microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to quantify insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes patients by estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), according to the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome, and its relationship with chronic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study in 91 patients with type 1 immune-mediated diabetes managed at an outpatient endocrinology clinic. All participants were Caucasians aged 18 yr or older with type 1 diabetes duration of more than 6 months who had completed the study protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine patients met metabolic syndrome criteria, yielding a prevalence of 31.9%. Although no differences in insulin requirements were found between diabetic patients with and without metabolic syndrome, lower eGDR levels, indicating greater insulin resistance, were observed in metabolic syndrome patients compared with those without (6.19 +/- 1.5 mg/kg(-1) x min(-1) vs. 9.93 +/- 1.6 mg/kg(-1) x min(-1)) (P < 0.001). An eGDR level less than 8.77 mg/kg(-1) x min(-1) showed 100% sensitivity and 85.2% specificity for metabolic syndrome diagnosis. All patients with diabetes complications had eGDR values below 8.16 mg/kg(-1) x min(-1). eGDR level was significantly lower in patients with diabetic retinopathy (5.97 +/- 1.2 mg/kg(-1) x min(-1)), diabetic neuropathy (5.06 +/- 0.4 mg/kg(-1) x min(-1)), or diabetic nephropathy (5.79 +/- 1.5 mg/kg(-1) x min(-1)) compared with those without (9.38 +/- 2.0 mg/kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.001; 9.26 +/- 2.0 mg/kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.001; and 9.19 +/- 2.2 mg/kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin resistance is common in type 1 diabetes patients and is associated with microvascular complications. eGDR, as an insulin resistance marker, provides more useful information than other classical variables such as insulin requirements.
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Juan J
authors: JJ
authors: Chillarón
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Goday
authors: Juana A
authors: JA
authors: Flores-Le-Roux
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Benaiges
authors: María J
authors: MJ
authors: Carrera
authors: Jaume
authors: J
authors: Puig
authors: Juan F
authors: JF
authors: Cano-Pérez
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Pedro-Botet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human