Obstacles to the successful development of an efficacious T cell-inducing HIV-1 vaccine.
An efficacious vaccine to HIV-1 is direly needed to stem the global pandemic. Immunogens that elicit broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 remain elusive, and thus, most HIV-1 vaccine efforts are focusing on induction of T cells. The notion that T cells can mediate protection against HIV-1 has been called into question by the failure of the STEP trial, which was designed to test this concept by the use of an E1-deleted Ad vaccine carrier. Lack of efficacy of the STEP trial vaccine underscores our limited knowledge about correlates of immune protection against HIV-1 and stresses the need for an enhanced commitment to basic research, including preclinical and clinical vaccine studies. In this review, we discuss known correlates of protection against HIV-1 and different vaccine strategies that have been or are being explored to induce such correlates, focusing on T cell-inducing vaccines and particularly on Ad vectors.
Haut
Larissa Herkenhoff
LH
Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
Ertl
Hildegund C J
HC
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000256:Adenoviridae; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000914:Antibodies, Viral