title: Impact of the exon 3-deleted growth hormone (GH) receptor polymorphism on baseline height and the growth response to recombinant human GH therapy in GH-deficient (GHD) and non-GHD children with short stature: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The exon-3 deleted GH receptor (GHR(d3)) polymorphism is associated with an increased growth response to recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy in some, but not all, studies in GH-deficient (GHD) and non-GHD children with short stature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to assess the effects of GHR(d3) on baseline height and the first year's growth response to rhGH treatment in prepubertal GHD and non-GHD children with short stature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen studies reporting the effect of GHR(d3) on growth parameters were included. Principal outcomes were baseline height sd score (SDS) and the weighted average of change in growth velocity (Delta cm/yr) and height gain (Delta height SDS) after 1 yr of rhGH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In GHD, not in non-GHD, baseline height SDS was 0.159 sd higher [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.020, 0.298] in GHR(d3) compared with GHR(wt-wt). In GHR(d3), rhGH therapy resulted in a higher increase in growth velocity (0.521 cm/yr; 95% CI, 0.196, 1.015) and height gain (0.075 sd; 95% CI, 0.007, 0.143) compared with GHR(wt-wt). Meta-regression demonstrated a larger difference between GHR(d3) and GHR(wt-wt) in studies using lower rhGH doses and carried out at a higher age, independently of the cause of short stature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis in prepubertal children with short stature indicates that GHR(d3) is associated with increased baseline height in GHD, but not in non-GHD. Furthermore, GHR(d3) stimulates growth velocity by an additional effect of approximately 0.5 cm during the first year of rhGH treatment, and this effect is more pronounced at lower doses of rhGH and higher age.
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: M J E
authors: MJ
authors: Wassenaar
authors: O M
authors: OM
authors: Dekkers
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Pereira
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Wit
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Smit
authors: N R
authors: NR
authors: Biermasz
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Romijn
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011627:Puberty; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000235:genetics*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone