title: Coping strategies for craving management in nicotine dependent patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the intensity of craving and the types of coping skills used by nicotine-dependent patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an experimental study. The sample comprised 201 subjects, mean age 38.15 years. The participants were randomly divided into groups of zero, 30 and 60 minutes of nicotine abstinence. The following instruments were administered: the Chart of Sociodemographic Data, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges, and the Coping Strategies Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequently used coping strategies are presented in descending order: accepting responsibility, self-control and distancing. There was a positive correlation between the confrontive coping strategy and the total score on the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (rs = 0.146; p = 0.045) and the score on Factor 1 (rs = 0.165; p = 0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most intense craving can lead nicotine-dependent individuals to use confrontive coping strategies that make them unable to control their emotions or to face the situations of high risk of relapse. This finding demonstrates that the treatment of smokers should include psychological education about the pitfalls of using these types of strategy and should teach them new types of coping strategies for craving management.
authors: São Pedro Psychiatric Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. renataudbrasil@terra.com.br
authors: Renata Brasil
authors: RB
authors: Araujo
authors: Margareth da Silva
authors: Mda S
authors: Oliveira
authors: Rosemeri Siqueira
authors: RS
authors: Pedroso
authors: Maria da Graça Tanori de
authors: Mda G
authors: Castro
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D001938:Brazil; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects; D012008:Recurrence; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine