[Facial anatomy and botulinum toxin: the muscular balances].
The muscular topographic anatomy of the face has long been known. The functional anatomy of the face has been studied by many neurologists, with Duchenne of Boulogne one of the first. The possibility of correcting not only wrinkles, but also certain regional balances gives botulinum toxin a certain number of advantages as well as limitations that should be well known by future injectors as well as the more experienced of practitioners who seek to treat the most difficult zones.
Trevidic
P
P
doc.patrick.trevidic@orange.fr
Cauchois
R
R
Ingallina
F
F
D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002102:Cadaver; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins