title: Transcription factor GATA-6 is expressed in quiescent myofibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (histopathology of usual interstitial pneumonia [UIP]) is a progressive disease with poor prognosis. Characteristic features of IPF/UIP include fibroblastic foci, which are patchy lesions of focal, disarranged myofibroblasts. GATA-6 is a transcription factor linked with cell differentiation. Its role in the development of IPF has not previously been investigated. We hypothesized that GATA-6 participates in the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in IPF/UIP lungs. The expression patterns of GATA-6, the mesenchymal marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and markers for proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (caspase-3) were analyzed in human IPF/UIP tissue samples. The effects of GATA-6 overexpression and silencing were studied in cell cultures. The results show that the alpha-SMA-positive fibroblastic foci in IPF/UIP lungs are positive for GATA-6, but negative for Ki67 and caspase-3. Cultured human IPF/UIP fibroblasts expressed GATA-6 mRNA, whereas cells from the normal adult lung did not. In cultured A549 lung epithelial cells, the induction of GATA-6 by transforming growth factor-beta1 resulted in simultaneous expression of alpha-SMA and decrease of E-cadherin. The inhibition of GATA-6 expression in fibroblasts showed that GATA-6 mediates the alpha-SMA-inducing signal of transforming growth factor-beta1. In conclusion, the hallmark of IPF/UIP histopathology, the fibroblast focus, consists of differentiated, quiescent cells that prominently express GATA-6.
authors: Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, FI-00014 University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. outi.lepparanta@helsinki.fi
authors: Outi
authors: O
authors: Leppäranta
authors: Ville
authors: V
authors: Pulkkinen
authors: Katri
authors: K
authors: Koli
authors: Riika
authors: R
authors: Vähätalo
authors: Kaisa
authors: K
authors: Salmenkivi
authors: Vuokko L
authors: VL
authors: Kinnula
authors: Markku
authors: M
authors: Heikinheimo
authors: Marjukka
authors: M
authors: Myllärniemi
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D050993:GATA6 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D015415:Biomarkers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050993:GATA6 Transcription Factor; C494759:GATA6 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C117427:ZFPM2 protein, human