title: A low number of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3-positive cells during primary systemic chemotherapy correlates with favorable anti-tumor response in patients with breast cancer.
abstract: Cancer cells induce proliferation and local accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, such as FOXP3-positive cells known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), leading to tumor-induced immune tolerance. Although cancer chemotherapy is usually considered immunosuppressive, some chemotherapeutic agents activate an anticancer immune response. Therefore, we postulated that the number of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3-positive cells during primary systemic chemotherapy (PSC) correlates with therapeutic outcomes in patients with breast cancer. Between September 2000 and January 2005, we examined 93 patients with breast cancer diagnosed by core-needle biopsy and treated with PSC. Core-needle biopsy (CNB) and surgical resected specimens were stained with a FOXP3 mouse monoclonal antibody to compare the numbers of FOXP3-positive cells in the tumors before and after PSC. A median cut-off value of >16.3/high power field (HPF) and >6.6/HPF defined high numbers of Tregs in CNB and in surgical specimens, respectively. We then assigned the patients into 4 groups (HH, high number of FOXP3-positive cells in both CNB and surgical specimen; LL, low number in both specimens; HL, high in CNB and low in the surgical specimen; LH, low in CNB and high in surgical specimen). Lymph vessel invasion-positive, clinically non-responder and ER-negative tumors contained significantly more FOXP3-positive cells after PSC (p=0.04, p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively). Prognosis was better among patients with low numbers than high numbers of FOXP3-positive cells both in CNB and in surgically resected specimens. In multivariate analysis, LL group demonstrated significantly better recurrence-free survival with risk ratio of 5.81 (95%CI, 1.09-107.5; p=0.04) rather than that of non-LL group (LH, HL and HH). These findings suggest that the number of FOXP3-positive cells identified during PSC represents a promising predictive factor that might also be an important therapeutic target for breast cancer.
authors: Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan. aruga@cick.jp
authors: Tomoyuki
authors: T
authors: Aruga
authors: Eiji
authors: E
authors: Suzuki
authors: Shigehira
authors: S
authors: Saji
authors: Shin-Ichirou
authors: S
authors: Horiguchi
authors: Kazumi
authors: K
authors: Horiguchi
authors: Susumu
authors: S
authors: Sekine
authors: Dai
authors: D
authors: Kitagawa
authors: Nobuaki
authors: N
authors: Funata
authors: Masakazu
authors: M
authors: Toi
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Sugihara
authors: Katsumasa
authors: K
authors: Kuroi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors