title: Isl1 is a direct transcriptional target of Forkhead transcription factors in second-heart-field-derived mesoderm.
abstract: The cells of the second heart field (SHF) contribute to the outflow tract and right ventricle, as well as to parts of the left ventricle and atria. Isl1, a member of the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor family, is expressed early in this cardiac progenitor population and functions near the top of a transcriptional pathway essential for heart development. Isl1 is required for the survival and migration of SHF-derived cells into the early developing heart at the inflow and outflow poles. Despite this important role for Isl1 in early heart formation, the transcriptional regulation of Isl1 has remained largely undefined. Therefore, to identify transcription factors that regulate Isl1 expression in vivo, we screened the conserved noncoding sequences from the mouse Isl1 locus for enhancer activity in transgenic mouse embryos. Here, we report the identification of an enhancer from the mouse Isl1 gene that is sufficient to direct expression to the SHF and its derivatives. The Isl1 SHF enhancer contains three consensus Forkhead transcription factor binding sites that are efficiently and specifically bound by Forkhead transcription factors. Importantly, the activity of the enhancer is dependent on these three Forkhead binding sites in transgenic mouse embryos. Thus, these studies demonstrate that Isl1 is a direct transcriptional target of Forkhead transcription factors in the SHF and establish a transcriptional pathway upstream of Isl1 in the SHF.
authors: Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Box 2240, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA.
authors: Jione
authors: J
authors: Kang
authors: Elisha
authors: E
authors: Nathan
authors: Shan-Mei
authors: SM
authors: Xu
authors: Eldad
authors: E
authors: Tzahor
authors: Brian L
authors: BL
authors: Black
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D007763:Lac Operon; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C063843:insulin gene enhancer binding protein Isl-1