title: [Analysis of the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare but life-threatening complication. Although the prevalence rate and mortality of HCC has been reportedly high in Korea, studies on ruptured HCC are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of ruptured HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 886 cases with HCC that had been diagnosed at Chonnam National University Hospital from January 2002 to December 2007, 62 cases (7.0%) with ruptured HCC were studied retrospectively regarding their clinical characteristics and prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transarterial embolization was performed in 56 cases (90.3%) to control bleeding, with a hemostasis success rate of 89.3%. The survival time after the rupture of HCC was 8.0+/-1.7 months (mean+/-SD), although it was longer in HCC cases that were first diagnosed in a ruptured state or ruptured with a small amount of bleeding than in those that ruptured during follow-up after diagnosis or with a large amount of bleeding, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate in patients with a ruptured HCC was 43.5%, and the early deaths were independently associated with the presence of hepatic encephalopathy (odds ratio, OR=44.7; 95% confidence interval, CI=1.9-1051.1; P=0.018), serum bilirubin >3.0 mg/dL (OR=36.7; 95% CI=1.3-1068.5; P=0.036), and the massive or diffuse type of tumor morphology (OR=53.5; 95% CI=3.0-964.2; P=0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis in patients with ruptured HCCs was poor with a 30-day mortality of 43.5%. The early deaths after the rupture of HCC were associated with elevated serum bilirubin levels, hepatic encephalopathy, and the massive or diffuse type of tumor morphology.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Young-Il
authors: YI
authors: Kim
authors: Ho-Seok
authors: HS
authors: Ki
authors: Min-Hyoung
authors: MH
authors: Kim
authors: Dong-Keun
authors: DK
authors: Cho
authors: Sung-Bum
authors: SB
authors: Cho
authors: Young-Eun
authors: YE
authors: Joo
authors: Hyun-Soo
authors: HS
authors: Kim
authors: Sung-Kyu
authors: SK
authors: Choi
authors: Jong-Sun
authors: JS
authors: Rew
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D019963:Clinical Chemistry Tests; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome