title: Insulin receptor substrate-2 in beta-cells decreases diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.
abstract: Insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) integrates insulin-like signals with glucose and cAMP agonists to regulate beta-cell growth, function, and survival. This study investigated whether increased Irs2 concentration in beta-cells could reduce beta-cell destruction and the incidence of type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. NOD mice were intercrossed with C57BL/6 mice overexpressing Irs2 specifically in beta-cells to create NOD(Irs2) mice. After backcrossing NOD(Irs2) mice for 12 generations, glucose homeostasis and diabetes incidence were compared against NOD littermates. Compared with 12-wk-old NOD mice, the progression of severe insulitis was reduced and islet mass was increased in NOD(Irs2) mice. Moreover, the risk of diabetes decreased 50% in NOD(Irs2) mice until the experiment was terminated at 40 wk of age. Nondiabetic NOD(Irs2) mice displayed better glucose tolerance than nondiabetic NOD mice throughout the duration of the study and up to the age of 18 months. The effect of Irs2 to increase islet mass and improve glucose tolerance raised the possibility that NOD(Irs2) mice might have an increased capacity to respond to anti-CD3 antibody, which can induce remission of overt diabetes in some NOD mice. Anti-CD3 antibody injections restored glucose tolerance in newly diabetic NOD and NOD(Irs2) mice; however, anti-CD3-treated NOD(Irs2) mice were less likely than NOD mice to relapse during the experimental period because they displayed 10-fold greater beta-cell mass and mitogenesis. In conclusion, increased Irs2 attenuated the progression of beta-cell destruction, promoted beta-cell mitogenesis, and reduced diabetes incidence in NOD(Irs2) mice.
authors: Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors: Lisa D
authors: LD
authors: Norquay
authors: Katharine E
authors: KE
authors: D'Aquino
authors: Lynn M
authors: LM
authors: Opare-Addo
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Kuznetsova
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Haas
authors: Jeffrey A
authors: JA
authors: Bluestone
authors: Morris F
authors: MF
authors: White
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007167:Immunotherapy; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008938:Mitosis
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526298:Irs2 protein, mouse; D005947:Glucose