title: Decreased food intake is a risk factor for mortality in hospitalised patients: the NutritionDay survey 2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Malnutrition is a known risk factor for the development of complications in hospitalised patients. We determined whether eating only fractions of the meals served is an independent risk factor for mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  The NutritionDay is a multinational one-day cross-sectional survey of nutritional factors and food intake in 16,290 adult hospitalised patients on January 19th 2006. The effect of food intake and nutritional factors on death in hospital within 30 days was assessed in a competing risk analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than half of the patients did not eat their full meal provided by the hospital. Decreased food intake on NutritionDay or during the previous week was associated with an increased risk of dying, even after adjustment for various patient and disease related factors. Adjusted hazard ratio for dying when eating about a quarter of the meal on NutritionDay was 2.10 (1.53-2.89); when eating nothing 3.02 (2.11-4.32). More than half of the patients who ate less than a quarter of their meal did not receive artificial nutrition support. Only 25% patients eating nothing at lunch receive artificial nutrition support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many hospitalised patients in European hospitals eat less food than provided as regular meal. This decreased food intake represents an independent risk factor for hospital mortality.
authors: Division Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. michael.hiesmayr@meduniwien.ac.at
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hiesmayr
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Schindler
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Pernicka
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Schuh
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Schoeniger-Hekele
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Bauer
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Laviano
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Lovell
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mouhieddine
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Schuetz
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Schneider
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Singer
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Pichard
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Howard
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Jonkers
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Grecu
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Ljungqvist
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005521:Food Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018529:Nutritional Support / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015431:Weight Loss