title: Comparison of methods to reduce dose to swallowing-related structures in head and neck cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emerging data suggest that reduction of dose to the larynx and pharyngeal constrictor may lower the risk of swallowing complications such as long-term gastrostomy dependence and aspiration. Organ avoidance becomes difficult when the primary tumor or involved nodes are present at the level of the larynx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with Stage III-IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with high-dose target volume at the level of the larynx (but not involving the glottic larynx) were planned with whole-field IMRT (WF-IMRT), as well as a low anterior neck field dynamically matched to an IMRT plan (D-SCLV). Plans were compared with respect to coverage of targets and sparing of normal tissues including the larynx, inferior pharyngeal constrictor (IPC), parotid, and cord.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the two techniques in coverage of the high- or intermediate-dose planning target volumes (PTVs). Coverage of the elective nodal PTV was inferior with the D-SCLV technique, with a mean of 96.5% vs. 86.3% of the volume receiving the prescription dose (p = 0.001) compared with WF-IMRT plans. However, the D-SCLV technique significantly reduced mean dose to the larynx (43.7 vs. 46.7 Gy, p = 0.05) and IPC (39.1 vs. 46.1 Gy, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in dose to the parotid or cord.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the steep dose responses seen in studies examining the association between swallowing toxicity and dose to the larynx and IPC, dose reductions using the D-SCLV technique may be clinically significant.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA. jjcaudell@gmail.com
authors: Jimmy J
authors: JJ
authors: Caudell
authors: Omer L
authors: OL
authors: Burnett
authors: Philip E
authors: PE
authors: Schaner
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Bonner
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Duan
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003679:Deglutition / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000528:radiation effects; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000528:radiation effects; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000528:radiation effects; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000528:radiation effects; D014067:Tonsillar Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy