title: Is it good to express uncertainty to a patient? Correlates and consequences for medical students in a standardized patient visit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the consequences of expressions of uncertainty (EOUs) in medical student interactions, with a particular focus on the gender of the expressor.
  
  
  METHODS
  EOUs were identified in 147 videotaped interactions between third-year medical students and standardized patients enacting four medical scenarios. The encounters were also analyzed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). A subset of these interactions was shown to 244 analogue patients who rated satisfaction, liking, and perceived competence and confidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female medical students used more EOUs but not when adjusted for total number of statements. The EOU rate varied across scenarios. A higher EOU rate was perceived as more affectively negative by both RIAS trained coders and analogue patients. EOU rate was inversely related to analogue patient satisfaction and liking and this relationship was stronger for males than females. Female student use of EOUs was more strongly associated with ratings of anxiety than was male EOU use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was an overall negative perception of medical students who expressed uncertainty; however, the strength of the associations varied due to medical student gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implications for medical education are discussed.
authors: Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, USA. blanch.d@neu.edu
authors: Danielle C
authors: DC
authors: Blanch
authors: Judith A
authors: JA
authors: Hall
authors: Debra L
authors: DL
authors: Roter
authors: Richard M
authors: RM
authors: Frankel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D004501:Education, Medical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013337:Students, Medical; D013663:Teaching; D035501:Uncertainty; D014743:Videotape Recording