title: Functional roles of mouse sperm hyaluronidases, HYAL5 and SPAM1, in fertilization.
abstract: Although sperm entry into the oocyte-cumulus complex and subsequent sperm penetration through the cumulus matrix to reach the oocyte zona pellucida are essential for mammalian fertilization, the molecular mechanism remains controversial. Previously, we have shown that mouse sperm lacking SPAM1 are capable of penetrating the cumulus matrix despite a delayed dispersal of cumulus cells. We also have identified another sperm hyaluronidase, HYAL5, as a candidate enzyme involved in sperm penetration through the cumulus. In the present study, we produced HYAL5-deficient mice to uncover the functional roles of HYAL5 and SPAM1 in fertilization. The HYAL5-deficient mice were fully fertile and yielded normal litter sizes. In vitro fertilization assays demonstrated that HYAL5-deficient epididymal sperm is functionally normal. We thus conclude that HYAL5 may be dispensable for fertilization. Comparative analysis among wild-type, HYAL5-deficient, and SPAM1-deficient epididymal sperm revealed that only SPAM1 is probably involved in sperm penetration through the cumulus matrix. Notably, the loss of SPAM1 resulted in a remarkably increased accumulation of sperm on the surface or outer edge of the cumulus. These data suggest that SPAM1 may function in sperm entry into the cumulus and sperm penetration through the cumulus matrix.
authors: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Masanori
authors: M
authors: Kimura
authors: Ekyune
authors: E
authors: Kim
authors: Woojin
authors: W
authors: Kang
authors: Misuzu
authors: M
authors: Yamashita
authors: Mariko
authors: M
authors: Saigo
authors: Taiga
authors: T
authors: Yamazaki
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Nakanishi
authors: Shin-ichi
authors: S
authors: Kashiwabara
authors: Tadashi
authors: T
authors: Baba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D054885:Cumulus Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D057075:Enzyme Assays; D004822:Epididymis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008098:Litter Size; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D013075:Sperm Capacitation; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C510449:Hyal5 protein, mouse; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; C066852:hyaluronidase PH-20