title: Prognostic and predictive value of common mutations for treatment response and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We address the prognostic and predictive value of KRAS, PIK3CA and BRAF mutations for clinical outcomes in response to active agents in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations in tumours from 168 patients treated for mCRC at two institutions. All patients received 5-FU-based first-line chemotherapy and treatment outcome was analysed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations were present in 62 (37%), 13 (8%) and 26 (15%) cases, respectively. Multivariate analysis uncovered BRAF mutation as an independent prognostic factor for decreased survival (hazard ratio (HR) 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-7.6). In addition, patients with BRAF-mutant tumours had significantly lower progression-free survival (PFS: HR 4.0, 95% CI 2.2-7.4) than those whose tumors that carried wild-type BRAF. Among 92 patients treated using chemotherapy and cetuximab as salvage therapy, KRAS mutation was associated with lack of response (P=0.002) and shorter PFS (P=0.09). BRAF (P=0.0005) and PIK3CA (P=0.01) mutations also predicted reduced PFS in response to cetuximab salvage therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results underscore the potential of mutational profiling to identify CRCs with different natural histories or treatment responses. The adverse significance of BRAF mutation should inform patient selection and stratification in clinical trials.
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes and Stavrakia, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. georgsec@med.uoc.gr
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Souglakos
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Philips
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Wang
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Marwah
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Silver
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tzardi
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Silver
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ogino
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hooshmand
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Kwak
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Freed
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Meyerhardt
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Saridaki
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Georgoulias
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Finkelstein
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Fuchs
authors: M H
authors: MH
authors: Kulke
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Shivdasani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068818:Cetuximab; D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D016879:Salvage Therapy; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; C117307:KRAS protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C484760:PIK3CA protein, human; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins; D000068818:Cetuximab