title: First report on toxins in the Panamanian toads Atelopus limosus, A. glyphus and A. certus.
abstract: Major toxins from skin extracts of 18 specimens of six Atelopus toad species collected in Panama were analyzed. Chiriquitoxin was identified using (1)H NMR in A. limosus and A. glyphus for the first time. Zetekitoxin in A. zeteki and tetrodotoxin in A. varius, A. chiriquiensis and A. zeteki were identified again. Furthermore, A. certus was suggested to contain a water-soluble toxin other than tetrodotoxin.
authors: Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan. myama@biochem.tohoku.ac.jp
authors: Mari
authors: M
authors: Yotsu-Yamashita
authors: Eiko
authors: E
authors: Tateki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002025:Bufonidae; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010176:Panama; D012530:Saxitoxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D045424:Complex Mixtures; D014118:Toxins, Biological; C487810:zetekitoxin AB; D012530:Saxitoxin; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; C015741:chiriquitoxin