title: Clinical manifestations of adolescents with HIV/AIDS in Jamaica.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the clinicopathological manifestations and outcomes of a cohort of HIV-infected Jamaican adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective cohort study to determine demographic, clinical, immunological characteristics, antiretroviral uptake and mortality in 94 adolescents aged 10-19 years followed in the Kingston Paediatric and Perinatal HIV/AIDS Programme (KPAIDS) between September 2002 and May 2007. Parametric and non-parametric tests are used to compare variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age at initial presentation was 10.0 years (interquartile range (IQR) 7.0-12.0 years), 54.3% (51) were female (p = 0.024), transmission was primarily mother-to-child (70, 73.4%), with 87% (61) of the latter presenting as slow progressors. Sexual transmission accounted for 19.1% and there was significant female predominance (n=15; p = 0.024). At most recent visit, perinatally infected adolescents were more likely (p < 0.0001) to reside with a non-parent (n=42) than a biological parent (n=19) and most had Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) category C (35/50%) disease, whereas the majority of non-perinatally infected children were classified CDC category A. Mean z scores for height-for-age was -1.47 +/- 1.21 (n=77), weight-for-age -1.06 +/- 1.44 (n=80) and BMI-for-age -0.34 +/- 1.21 (n=76) respectively; females (n=41) were taller than males (n=36) at their current height (p = 0.031). Lymphadenopathy (82%), dermatitis (72.0%), hepatomegaly (48%) and parotitis (48%) were the most common clinical manifestations, with significant predilection for lymphadenopathy (p < or = 0.0001), dermatitis (p = 0.010), splenomegaly (p = 0.008), hepatomegaly (p = 0.001) and parotitis (p = 0.007) among perinatally infected children. Median baseline CD4+ cell count was 256.0/microL (IQR 71.0 - 478.0 cells/microL); median most recent CD4+ cell count was 521/microL (IQR 271.0 - 911.0 cells/microL). Seventy-six per cent (n=71) were initiated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 62 (87.3%) were currently receiving first-line therapy. Six behaviourally infected females became pregnant, resulting in five live births. There were seven deaths (7.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study comprehensively characterizes HIV infection among perinatally infected teens with predominantly slow-progressor disease and an increasing population of sexually-infected adolescents. As the cohort transitions to adulthood, adolescent developmental, mental health and life planning issues must be urgently addressed.
authors: The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Harrison
authors: R B
authors: RB
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Palmer
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Moore
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Davis
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Dunkley-Thompson
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Figueroa
authors: C D C
authors: CD
authors: Christie
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007563:Jamaica / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents