title: Determinants of the timing of symptomatic treatment in early Parkinson disease: The National Institutes of Health Exploratory Trials in Parkinson Disease (NET-PD) Experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the predictive value of baseline measures of impairment, disability, and quality of life for the timing of initiation of symptomatic treatment in early Parkinson disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Inception cohort analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory population from multiple sites in the United States and Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred thirteen patients with early, untreated PD who participated in 2 double-blind trials that assessed the potential of experimental drugs to serve as disease-modifying agents in PD. Intervention Participants were randomized into treatment groups: creatine (n = 67), minocycline (n = 66), coenzyme Q10 (n = 71), GPI-1485 (n = 71), and placebo (n = 138). Main Outcome Measure Time between baseline assessment and need for the initiation of symptomatic treatment for PD. The following baseline variables were assessed for their relation to the main outcome measure, while adjusting for possible treatment effect: sex; age; level of education; race/ethnicity; disease duration; occupational status; and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Survey, Modified Rankin Scale, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale, Total Functional Capacity Scale, 39-item Parkinson Disease Questionnaire, and Geriatric Depression Scale scores. Variables reaching statistical threshold in univariate analyses (alpha = .15) were entered into a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model using time to symptomatic treatment as the dependent variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately half (48.5%) of the participants reached end point within 12 months. Higher baseline impairment and disability, as determined by UPDRS III (motor section), UPDRS II (activities of daily living section, participant rating), and Modified Rankin Scale scores and level of education were independently associated with an earlier need for symptomatic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In early PD, greater impairment and disability and higher level of education are independently associated with an earlier need for symptomatic treatment.
authors: Struthers Parkinson's Center, 6701 Country Club Dr, Golden Valley, MN 55427, USA. sotirios.parashos@mpls-clinic.com
authors: Sotirios A
authors: SA
authors: Parashos
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Swearingen
authors: Kevin M
authors: KM
authors: Biglan
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Bodis-Wollner
authors: Grace S
authors: GS
authors: Liang
authors: G Webster
authors: GW
authors: Ross
authors: Barbara C
authors: BC
authors: Tilley
authors: Lisa M
authors: LM
authors: Shulman
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003401:Creatine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019468:Disease Management; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D023381:Endpoint Determination / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008911:Minocycline / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D013997:Time Factors; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; C486238:GPI 1485; D014451:Ubiquinone; D008911:Minocycline; D003401:Creatine; D016559:Tacrolimus