title: MYC insertions in diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MYC is important in gastric carcinogenesis. A few studies reported MYC translocation or insertion associated with gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  MYC copy number and its insertion, as well as the chromosomes in which MYC was inserted, were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization assay in interphase and metaphase cells of 12 diffuse-type gastric cancer samples. MYC protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of 3 MYC signals was the most frequent alteration. All cases also presented 4 and 5 MYC signals. In all samples, we observed chromosome 8 trisomy with MYC copies and MYC insertion into the chromosomes 2, 7, 14, 17, 18 and 22. All samples presented nucleic and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MYC cytoplasmic immunoreactivity can be the result of MYC insertion with the breakpoints within or close to the regions that are able to target the nucleus. MYC insertion and cytoplasmatic immunoreactivity may be a common characteristic of diffuse-type gastric cancer.
authors: Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors: Danielle Queiroz
authors: DQ
authors: Calcagno
authors: Adriana Costa
authors: AC
authors: Guimarães
authors: Mariana Ferreira
authors: MF
authors: Leal
authors: Aline Damaceno
authors: AD
authors: Seabra
authors: André Salim
authors: AS
authors: Khayat
authors: Thais Brilhante
authors: TB
authors: Pontes
authors: Paulo Pimentel
authors: PP
authors: Assumpção
authors: Marília
authors: M
authors: De Arruda Cardoso Smith
authors: Rommel Rodríguez
authors: RR
authors: Burbano
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D002898:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8; D018628:Gene Dosage; D016259:Genes, myc; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007399:Interphase; D008677:Metaphase; D008875:Middle Aged; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014314:Trisomy