title: A randomized controlled trial comparing a computer-assisted insulin infusion protocol with a strict and a conventional protocol for glucose control in critically ill patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to evaluate blood glucose (BG) control efficacy and safety of 3 insulin protocols in medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicenter randomized controlled trial involving 167 MICU patients with at least one BG measurement >or=150 mg/dL and one or more of the following: mechanical ventilation, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, trauma, or burns. The interventions were computer-assisted insulin protocol (CAIP), with insulin infusion maintaining BG between 100 and 130 mg/dL; Leuven protocol, with insulin maintaining BG between 80 and 110 mg/dL; or conventional treatment-subcutaneous insulin if glucose >150 mg/dL. The main efficacy outcome was the mean of patients' median BG, and the safety outcome was the incidence of hypoglycemia (<or=40 mg/dL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean of patients' median BG was 125.0, 127.1, and 158.5 mg/dL for CAIP, Leuven, and conventional treatment, respectively (P = .34, CAIP vs Leuven; P < .001, CAIP vs conventional). In CAIP, 12 patients (21.4%) had at least one episode of hypoglycemia vs 24 (41.4%) in Leuven and 2 (3.8%) in conventional treatment (P = .02, CAIP vs Leuven; P = .006, CAIP vs conventional).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CAIP is safer than and as effective as the standard strict protocol for controlling glucose in MICU patients. Hypoglycemia was rare under conventional treatment. However, BG levels were higher than with IV insulin protocols.
authors: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil. alexandrebiasi@hotmail.com
authors: Alexandre B
authors: AB
authors: Cavalcanti
authors: Eliezer
authors: E
authors: Silva
authors: Adriano J
authors: AJ
authors: Pereira
authors: Milton
authors: M
authors: Caldeira-Filho
authors: Francisca P
authors: FP
authors: Almeida
authors: Glauco A
authors: GA
authors: Westphal
authors: Renate
authors: R
authors: Beims
authors: Caio C
authors: CC
authors: Fernandes
authors: Thiago D
authors: TD
authors: Correa
authors: Marcos R
authors: MR
authors: Gouvea
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Eluf-Neto
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D016638:Critical Illness; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin