title: Description of familial keloids in five pedigrees: evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance and phenotypic heterogeneity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Familial keloids have been reported, having either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance. We wished to determine the inheritance pattern and phenotype of keloids among multigenerational families, as a prelude to a positional mapping strategy to identify candidate genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied three African American families, one Afro-Caribbean family and one Asian-American family. Phenotyping including assessing all patients for the presence, distribution, and appearance of keloids, together with the timing of keloid onset and provocative factors. The clinical trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00005802).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age of keloid onset varied considerably within families, but commonly occurred by the second decade. The fraction of affected individuals was 38%, 45%, 62%, 67% and 73% among the five families respectively. Keloid severity and morphology differed within and between families. A novel finding is that certain families manifest keloids in distinct locations, with one family showing an excess of extremity keloids and two families showing an excess of axilla-groin keloids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Familial keloids appear to most commonly manifest autosomal dominant or semidominant inheritance, and there may be familial patterns of keloid distribution.
authors.affiliation: Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. jac380@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Horia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stanescu
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kleta
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kopp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D017668:Age of Onset; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007627:Keloid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D014481:United States