title: mTORC1 hyperactivity inhibits serum deprivation-induced apoptosis via increased hexokinase II and GLUT1 expression, sustained Mcl-1 expression, and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta inhibition.
abstract: The current concept is that Tsc-deficient cells are sensitized to apoptosis due to the inhibition of Akt activity by the negative feedback mechanism induced by the hyperactive mTORC1. Unexpectedly, however, we found that Tsc1/2-deficient cells exhibit increased resistance to serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. mTORC1 hyperactivity contributes to the apoptotic resistance of serum-deprived Tsc1/2-deficient cells in part by increasing the growth factor-independent expression of hexokinase II (HKII) and GLUT1. mTORC1-mediated increase in hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) abundance, which occurs in the absence of serum in normoxic Tsc2-deficient cells, contributes to these changes. Increased HIF1alpha abundance in these cells is attributed to both an increased level and the sustained translation of HIF1alpha mRNA. Sustained glycogen synthase kinase 3beta inhibition and Mcl-1 expression also contribute to the apoptotic resistance of Tsc2-deficient cells to serum deprivation. The inhibition of mTORC1 activity by either rapamycin or Raptor knockdown cannot resensitize these cells to serum deprivation-induced apoptosis because of elevated Akt activity that is an indirect consequence of mTORC1 inhibition. However, the increased HIF1alpha abundance and the maintenance of Mcl-1 protein expression in serum-deprived Tsc2(-/)(-) cells are dependent largely on the hyperactive eIF4E in these cells. Consistently, the reduction of eIF4E levels abrogates the resistance of Tsc2(-/)(-) cells to serum deprivation-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
authors.forename: Prashanth T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Bhaskar
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Krushna C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.forename: Sang-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Youngkyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: R Brooks
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Robey
authors.forename: Nissim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000172:deficiency; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051379:Mice; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011506:Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D044967:Serum / Q000378:metabolism*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077004:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C579094:Mcl1 protein, mouse; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D011506:Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C495678:Slc2a1 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; C000624651:Tsc1 protein, mouse; C000624654:Tsc2 protein, mouse; D000077004:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D006593:Hexokinase; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D020123:Sirolimus