title: Comparison of vildagliptin and thiazolidinedione as add-on therapy in patients inadequately controlled with metformin: results of the GALIANT trial--a primary care, type 2 diabetes study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin compared with thiazolidinediones (TZDs) as an add on to metformin treatment in a primary care patient population with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, 12-week, open-label study comparing vildagliptin (100 mg, n = 1653) and TZD (agent and dose at the investigators' discretion, n = 825) add-on therapy in patients inadequately controlled [haemoglobin A(1C) (HbA(1c)): 7-10%] on a stable dose of metformin (> or =1000 mg/day). The primary objective was to test non-inferiority of vildagliptin to TZDs for the difference in change in HbA(1c) from baseline [established if the upper limit of the two-sided 95% confidence intervals (CI) did not exceed 0.4%].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (+/- s.e.) change in HbA(1c) from baseline to study endpoint was -0.68 +/- 0.02% in the vildagliptin group and -0.57 +/- 0.03% in the TZD group. The difference between groups was -0.11% (95% CI: -0.17% and -0.04%), establishing the non-inferiority of vildagliptin (p = 0.001) after 3 months of treatment. Vildagliptin was non-inferior to TZDs for subgroups of race, age and body mass index. Body weight increased in the TZD group (0.33 +/- 0.11 kg) and decreased in the vildagliptin group (mean: -0.58 +/- 0.09 kg; p < 0.001 for difference). Adverse events occurred in similar proportions of patients in both groups (vildagliptin: 39.5% and TZD: 36.3%) Hypoglycaemia and abnormal changes in liver enzymes were uncommon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This short-term study suggests that vildagliptin is as effective as TZDs after 3-month treatment as an add-on to metformin in a primary care population that included diverse patient subgroups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA. lblonde@ochsner.org
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blonde
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dagogo-Jack
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Banerji
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pratley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcellari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Braceras
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Purkayastha
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baron
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077597:Vildagliptin; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000218:Adamantane; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D009570:Nitriles; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077597:Vildagliptin