title: Gamma radiation used as hygienization technique for foods does not induce viable but non-culturable state (VBNC) in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium.
abstract: Gamma radiation has been widely used for hygienization of food products. Whether gamma radiation stress induces VBNC state in Salmonella is of great concern. Therefore, the study was carried out to determine whether gamma radiation exposure induces VBNC state in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium). The parameters tested were culturability on agar medium, transcriptional activity by RT-PCR, cytoplasmic membrane integrity, and direct viable count using LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability kit. The LIVE/DEAD BacLight counts for S. typhimurium cells treated with 0.5 and 1.0 kGy radiation dose were 0.8 and 0.1% of the control, respectively. Plate counts for S. typhimurium cells treated with 0.5 and 1.0 kGy radiation dose were 0.7 and 0.05% of the control, respectively. No viable cells of S. typhimurium were detected by both plate count and LIVE/DEAD BacLight after radiation treatment with 2 kGy. No transcriptional activity was detected in cells treated with 2 kGy radiation dose. If there were VBNC cells present, then significant differences in the counts between the LIVE/DEAD BacLight microscopic counts and plate agar counts must be observed. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in the counts were observed. Thus, it can be concluded that treatment with 2 kGy results in complete killing and does not induce VBNC state in S. typhimurium.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saroj
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shashidhar
authors.forename: Jayant
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bandekar
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005720:Gamma Rays; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D012329:RNA, Bacterial