A simple and rapid diagnostic algorithm for the detection of ocular allergic diseases.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the present review is to describe currently available tools for the diagnosis of allergy with ocular involvement, and to define a simple and rapid diagnostic algorithm to facilitate identification of the various clinical types of ocular allergic diseases.


RESULTS
Evidence indicates that all clinical forms of allergic conjunctivitis share several common features including signs, symptoms and biochemical allergy markers. Nevertheless, to date there are no standardized criteria available to general practitioners and allergists that would allow them to correctly and easily diagnose allergic conjunctivitis without the need for an ophthalmological referral.


CONCLUSIONS
A red eye is a common presentation in all clinical practices, with conjunctivitis being its most common cause. Conjunctivitis can be infectious (bacterial and viral), toxic/irritative or allergic in origin. Other forms of conjunctivitis are related to systemic conditions, such as autoimmune diseases. In the present review, we present the most recent diagnostic criteria that are widely accepted for identifying different forms of allergic conjunctivitis, ultimately aiming to define common diagnostic guidelines for ocular allergic diseases.
Mantelli
Flavio
F
Department of Ophthalmology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy.
Lambiase
Alessandro
A
Bonini
Stefano
S
D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology
D015415:Biomarkers