title: Effect of milk fraction on concentrations of cephapirin and desacetylcephapirin in bovine milk after intramammary infusion of cephapirin sodium.
abstract: Clinical mastitis in dairy cows is commonly treated with intramammary (IMM) antimicrobial agents. Pharmacokinetic data are used to design treatment regimens and determine withholding times. In some pharmacokinetic studies, investigators measure antimicrobial concentrations in foremilk, whereas in others, they use bucket milk or do not specify the milk fraction sampled. Our objective was to compare antimicrobial concentrations in foremilk, bucket milk, and strippings after IMM treatment of six healthy Holsteins. One mammary gland/cow was infused with 200 mg of cephapirin (CEPH) after each of the two milkings, using different milking frequencies and treatment intervals in a randomized crossover design. Treated glands were sampled at the first milking following each infusion. Antimicrobial concentrations in milk were measured using HPLC/MS/MS. CEPH concentration was higher in foremilk (geometric mean 44.2 microg/mL) than in bucket milk (15.7 microg/mL) or strippings (18.5 microg/mL), as it was true for desacetylcephapirin (DAC) (59.5, 23.0, and 30.2 microg/mL, respectively). This finding, which was based on milk samples collected at the first milking after IMM infusion, suggests that pharmacokinetic data based on drug concentrations in foremilk may be misleading. Strippings were more representative of bucket milk than foremilk. The relationship between milk fraction and antimicrobial concentration should be investigated for other IMM antimicrobial agents. Meanwhile, it is essential that pharmacokinetic and residue studies report the fraction of milk that was analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. rstockler@cvm.msstate.edu
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Stockler
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Lantz
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Constable
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D002514:Cephapirin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D007087:Illinois; D007774:Lactation; D008892:Milk / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002514:Cephapirin; C049805:desacetyl cephapirin