title: Psychological and systemic stress reactions of patients during hyperthermia treatments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated psychological stress reactions during hyperthermia (HT) treatments and compared them to systemic stress reactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  27 patients with malignant disease were treated with superficial or regional hyperthermia. Cortisol and the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline in venous blood were used as markers of psychological stress. The anxiety proneness of the patients was evaluated with a trait-anxiety inventory. Blood pressure and heart rate were markers of systemic stress. Patients were first grouped by superficial or regional treatment and then into two subgroups: anxious and non-anxious patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time course of the cortisol concentration of the superficial group showed a slight but significant decrease and that of the regional group an increase. The cortisol concentration of the regional group was sometimes slightly but significantly higher than in the superficial group, and in the group of anxious patients higher than in the group of non-anxious patients. The changes in time courses and differences in groups were not as pronounced for the catecholamine concentrations. Heart rate and blood pressure showed a significant increase only in the regional group, and there was no significant difference between the regional and the superficial groups. None of the variables showed a significant difference between the initial and the subsequent treatments; all lay well within the normal physiological range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These standard hyperthermia treatments are not excessively stressful, either systemically or psychologically. The different behaviours of the variables confirm that it makes sense to consider systemic stress as well as psychological reactions.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Medical Engineering & Computing, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria. markus.puchinger@medunigraz.at
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puchinger
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meinitzer
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stettin
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rehak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000523:psychology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine