title: Circulating and intrapulmonary C-reactive protein: a predictor of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and pulmonary allograft outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have been associated with allograft failure and recipient death in renal and cardiac transplantation. Data in lung transplantation (LTx) are lacking. We hypothesized that baseline plasma or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) CRP might be prognostic for the long-term outcome after LTx.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective cohort study included 121 LTx recipients. Plasma CRP and BAL CRP, together with cell differentials, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 protein levels, were evaluated at 90 days after LTx and associated with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS)-free and overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma CRP, BAL CRP, and BAL neutrophilia, but not IL-6 or IL-8, were significantly increased in patients with BOS > or = 1 or not surviving at 3 years after LTx. In univariate analysis, plasma CRP > 5 mg/liter, elevated BAL CRP levels, and BAL neutrophilia > 15% were predictive for graft failure. In multivariate analysis, only BAL CRP was an independent predictor for graft failure (p = 0.004). A trend was seen for plasma CRP as a predictor (p = 0.077), but BAL neutrophilia was no longer an independent predictor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline CRP may be predictive for the long-term outcome after LTx. To confirm the present findings, prospective and longitudinal studies on a larger patient population are required.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pneumology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: Bart M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Vanaudenaerde
authors.forename: Stéphanie I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: De Vleeschauwer
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Willems-Widyastuti
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scheers
authors.forename: Dirk E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Van Raemdonck
authors.forename: Lieven J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: Geert M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Verleden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000276:immunology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein