title: Positive association between nuclear Runx2 and oestrogen-progesterone receptor gene expression characterises a biological subtype of breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The runt-related transcription factor, Runx2 may have an oncogenic role in mediating metastatic events in breast cancer, but whether Runx2 has a role in the early phases of breast cancer development is not clear. We examined the expression of Runx2 and its relationship with oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in breast cancer cell lines and tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were transiently transfected with vectors expressing either Runx2 or ER and the levels of both proteins and mRNA were examined by Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Runx2 expression was also examined in tissue microarray sections of 123 breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry and results were correlated with clinico-pathological characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of Runx2 and ER was reciprocal in the breast cell culture models and Runx2 suppressed ERbeta but not ERalpha mRNA levels. In contrast, functional expression of Runx2 was evident in the nucleus in 28% of the breast cancer tissues and in both early and late stages of tumour growth. Importantly, Runx2 expression was significantly more frequent in Grade 2 compared to Grade 1 and Grade 3 tumours (48% versus 39% versus 13%) and the expression was significantly associated with ER (p=0.005), PR (p=0.008) expressions in Grade 2 & Grade 3 tumours than Grade 1 tumours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that Runx2, ER and PR triple positivity in Grades 2 and 3 defines a biological subtype in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kakoli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: David Tai
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Putti
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Andre J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Wijnen
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salto-Tellez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human