title: Oocyte activation ability correlates with head flatness and presence of perinuclear theca substance in human and mouse sperm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies indicate that round-headed sperm cannot activate oocytes and lack the postacrosomal sheath (PAS) or perinuclear theca (PT), although normal flat-headed sperm can activate oocytes and do have PAS (PT). In this study, we investigated how oocyte activation ability correlates with sperm head morphology (round and flat) and the presence of PT, by studying MN13, a representative molecule of the PT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed sperm with flat and round heads from infertile patients with globozoospermia (n = 1) and teratozoospermia (n = 1), and also from GOPC(-/-) mice, an animal model of human globozoospermia. Differential interference contrast image analysis, immunocytochemistry with MN13 antibody, transmission electron microscopy and an oocyte activation assay (assessing pronucleus formation) with ICSI were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flat-headed (control) sperm from both a healthy fertile volunteer man and wild-type mice had MN13 and PAS (PT). Flat-headed sperm (<5% of the population) from GOPC(-/-) mice also had both MN13 and PAS (PT), and they showed high oocyte activation ability. In contrast, round-headed sperm from a globozoospermia patient (100%) and GOPC(-/-) mice (>95% of the population) had neither MN13, nor PAS (PT), nor oocyte activation ability. Oocyte activation was higher in flat- versus round-headed sperm from GOPC(-/-) mice (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oocyte activation ability may be related to sperm head flatness and presence of MN13 and PAS (PT) in human and mouse sperm. This information is a first step towards the possibility of selecting good-quality sperm with high oocyte activation ability for ICSI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Chizuru
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akutsu
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyono
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suzuki-Toyota
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.forename: Mamiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toshimori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008875:Middle Aged; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D013077:Sperm Head / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal