title: Sequential injection monosegmented flow voltammetric determination of cadmium and lead using a bismuth film working electrode.
abstract: A cost-effective sequential injection monosegmented flow analysis (SI-MSFA) with anodic stripping voltammetric (ASV) detection has been developed for determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II). The bismuth film working electrode (BiFE) was employed for accumulative preconcentration of the metals by applying a fixed potential of -1.10 V versus Ag/AgCl electrode for 90 s. The SI-MSFA provides a convenient means for preparation of a homogeneous solution zone containing sample in an acetate buffer electrolyte solution and Bi(III) solution for in situ plating of BiFE, ready for ASV measurement at a flow through thin layer electrochemical cell. Under the optimum conditions, linear calibration graphs in range of 10-100 microg L(-1) of both Cd(II) and Pb(II) were obtained with detection limits of 1.4 and 6.9 microg L(-1) of Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. Relative standard deviations were 2.7 and 3.1%, for 11 replicate analyses of 25 microg L(-1) Cd(II) and 25 microg L(-1) Pb(II), respectively. A sample throughput of 12h(-1) was achieved with low consumption of reagent and sample solutions. The system was successfully applied for analysis of water samples collected from a draining pond of zinc mining, validating by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Watsaka
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siriangkhawut
authors.forename: Somkid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pencharee
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grudpan
authors.forename: Jaroon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jakmunee
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D014867:Water; D007854:Lead; D001729:Bismuth