title: A history of studies that examine the interactions of Toxoplasma  with its host cell: Emphasis on in vitro models.
abstract: This review is a historical look at work carried out over the past 50 years examining interactions of Toxoplasma with the host cell and attempts to focus on some of the seminal experiments in the field. This early work formed the foundation for more recent studies aimed at identifying the host and parasite factors mediating key Toxoplasma-host cell interactions. We focus especially on those studies that were performed in vitro and provide discussions of the following general areas: (i) establishment of the parasitophorous vacuole, (ii) the requirement of specific host cell molecules for parasite replication, (iii) the scenarios under which the host cell can resist parasite replication and/or persistence, (iv) host species-specific and host strain-specific responses to Toxoplasma infection, and (v) Toxoplasma-induced immune modulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. boylej@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Jon P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Radke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D005614:Freeze Fracturing; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000502:physiology; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D015388:Organelles / Q000378:metabolism; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D013045:Species Specificity; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000266:history* / Q000276:immunology; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D009711:Nucleotides; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002784:Cholesterol