title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) Pro12Ala polymorphism and risk for pediatric obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Variation in the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) gene has been reported to alter the risk for adiposity in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the gender related association between the Pro12Ala variant (rs1801282) in obesity and insulin resistance traits in 794 peri-adolescent children aged 10-12 years of Greek origin from the Gene and Diet Attica Investigation (GENDAI) cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gender stratified analysis suggested that in peri-adolescent boys, Ala carriers exhibited lower measures of skinfold (triceps: 16.9+/-6.9 vs. 19.4+/-7.9 mm, p=0.014; subscapular: 9.6+/-4.5 vs. 11.2+/-5.4 mm, p=0.016) and lower adiponectin concentrations (3.9+/-1.3 vs. 4.7+/-2.4 microg/mL, p=0.05). In peri-adolescent girls, Ala carriers had lower insulin concentrations (7.3+/-3.7 vs. 8.5+/-4.4 microU/mL, p=0.026) and lower values of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (1.5+/-0.8 vs. 1.8+/-0.96, p=0.019). Linear regression analysis revealed that the presence of the Ala allele in boys was a nominally significant predictor of obesity indices, including skin-folds (triceps: beta+/-SE: -2.3+/-1.1, p=0.032; subscapular: beta+/-SE: -2.3+/-1.1, p=0.04) and adiponectin concentrations (beta+/-SE: -0.7+/-0.4, p=0.05) after adjusting for potential covariates. In girls, the Ala allele was a predictor of insulin concentrations (beta+/-SE: -1.2+/-0.6, p=0.037) and HOMA-IR (beta+/-SE: -0.24+/-0.13, p=0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that adiposity in children is influenced by the Pro12Ala polymorphism in a gender specific manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. dedousi@hua.gr
authors.forename: George V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Dedoussis
authors.forename: Nikoleta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vidra
authors.forename: Johannah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Constantina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papoutsakis
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yannakoulia
authors.forename: Joel N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hirschhorn
authors.forename: Helen N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Lyon
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma