title: Retrocollis, anterocollis or head tremor may predict the spreading of dystonic movements in primary cervical dystonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have attempted to develop clinical predictors for cervical dystonia (CD) aiming at progression of the dystonic movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated 73 patients with primary CD who underwent treatment with Botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A). The patients were assembled in two groups according to the spread of dystonia during follow-up: spreading and non-spreading CD. We performed a binary logistic regression model using spreading of cervical dystonia as dependent variable aiming to find covariates which increase the risk of spreading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our logistic regression model found the following covariates and their respective risk ratios: time of disease >18.5 months=2.4, retrocollis=1.9, anterocollis=1.8, head tremor=1.6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time of disease >18.5 months, retrocollis, anterocollis and head tremor may predict spreading of dystonic movement to other regions of the body in CD patients.
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. cleciojunior@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Clecio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godeiro-Junior
authors.forename: Andre Carvalho
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Felício
authors.forename: Patrícia Maria de Carvalho
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.forename: Vanderci
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Sonia Maria Azevedo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Henrique Ballalai
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Ferraz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014103:Torticollis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014202:Tremor / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A