title: Reduced perioperative immune response in video-assisted versus open surgery in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the best technique for thoracoscopic pneumonectomy in the rat and to analyze the differences in perioperative immune response between open and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The four experimental groups studied were as follows: VATS pneumonectomy, open pneumonectomy, thoracoscopic observation, and open observation. We measured the immunocyte counts and serum cytokine levels postoperatively in each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte counts were decreased significantly 12-24 h postoperatively in all groups. Immunosuppression peaked later in the open approach groups than in the VATS groups. The interleukin-6 level was significantly higher in the open approach groups than in the VATS groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the viewpoint of immunity, in this rat model VATS was less invasive than open surgery, and open surgery caused greater immunosuppression than VATS, irrespective of organ resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsunezuka
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6