Behavioral emergencies in India: a population based epidemiological study.
BACKGROUND
Behavioral emergencies constitute an important but neglected part of emergencies seen worldwide in both emergency departments and by emergency services. Yet research on behavioral emergencies in India has been scarce.


METHODS
The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of acute behavioral problems as an emergency attended by our emergency management service-108 services. During the period of August 1st 2007-July 31st 2008, all behavioral emergencies presenting to our emergency services in the states of Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh, which together account for more than 15% of India's population, were reviewed for data completeness and validity. Key word analysis of recorded case details was carried out to determine cause of emergency. Survival to hospital and 48-h outcome was also evaluated to study risk factors for mortality.


RESULTS
A total of 40,541 cases of behavioral emergencies were recorded, in which the male:female ratio was 1.3:1. Most victims were in the 20 and 30 years (42%), from a poor socio-economic background (93%), rural area (74.3%), and backward caste (42.6%). Suicidal attempts, whether in the form of poisoning (60.5%) or otherwise (30.7%) was the most common emergency, followed by acute psychiatric causes (4%) and alcohol intoxication (3%). Victims, who met a fatal outcome, were more likely to be male (p = 0.02), having a better socio-economic condition (p < 0.001) and older (p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Suicidal attempts, which form the largest chunk of behavioral emergencies, need to be tackled on a war-footing, given the sensitivity it deserves. Acute psychiatric emergencies, which form about 9% of all emergencies, require the emerging role of emergency psychiatric services.
Saddichha
Sahoo
S
National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India. saddichha@gmail.com
Vibha
Pandey
P
Saxena
Mukul Kumar
MK
Methuku
Mithilesh
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004637:Emergency Services, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013240:Stereotyping; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data