title: Differential gene expression in the perichondrium and cartilage of the neonatal mouse temporomandibular joint.
abstract: Our goal was to discover genes differentially expressed in the perichondrium (PC) of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) that might enhance regenerative medicine or orthopaedic therapies directed at the tissues of the temporomandibular joint. We used targeted gene arrays (osteogenesis, stem cell) to identify genes preferentially expressed in the PC and the cartilaginous (C) portions of the MCC in 2-day-old mice. Genes with higher expression in the PC sample related to growth factor ligand-receptor interactions [FGF-13 (6.4x), FGF-18 (4x), NCAM (2x); PGDF receptors, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and IGF-1], the Notch isoforms (especially Notch 3 and 4) and their ligands or structural proteins/proteoglycans [collagen XIV (21x), collagen XVIII (4x), decorin (2.5x)]. Genes with higher expression in the C sample consisted mostly of known cartilage-specific genes [aggrecan (11x), procollagens X (33x), XI (14x), IX (4.5x), Sox 9 (4.4x) and Indian hedgehog (6.7x)]. However, the functional or structural roles of several genes that were expressed at higher levels in the PC sample are unclear [myogenic factor (Myf) 9 (9x), tooth-related genes such as tuftelin (2.5x) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (1.6x), VEGF-B (2x) and its receptors (3-4x) and sclerostin (1.7x)]. FGF, Notch and TGF-beta signalling may be important regulators of MCC proliferation and differentiation; the relatively high expression of genes such as Myf6 and VEGF-B and its receptors suggests a degree of unsuspected plasticity in PC cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA. bhinton@bcd.tamhsc.edu
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: So
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D053674:Aggrecans / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism*; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D024081:Collagen Type IX / Q000032:analysis; D024121:Collagen Type X / Q000032:analysis; D024161:Collagen Type XI / Q000032:analysis; D058575:Decorin; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000032:analysis; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D011347:Procollagen / Q000032:analysis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D000071656:Receptor, Notch3; D000074562:Receptor, Notch4; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000032:analysis; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000032:analysis; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D042561:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B / Q000032:analysis; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D053674:Aggrecans; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D003094:Collagen; D024081:Collagen Type IX; D024121:Collagen Type X; D024161:Collagen Type XI; D058575:Decorin; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011347:Procollagen; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000071656:Receptor, Notch3; D000074562:Receptor, Notch4; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042561:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C546879:Dcn protein, mouse; C499373:Notch3 protein, mouse; C486030:Sost protein, mouse; C527933:Sox9 protein, mouse; C113569:fibroblast growth factor 18; C514061:ihh protein, mouse; C038456:tuftelin; C467482:vascular endothelial growth factor B, mouse; C073572:Notch4 protein, mouse; C108111:fibroblast growth factor 13