title: The retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene is not associated with myopia, hypermetropia, and ocular biometric measures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha (RARA) gene is a potential candidate gene for myopia due to its differential expression in animal models during experimentally induced myopia. To test for whether RARA is associated with myopia we have undertaken a case-control study assessing for associations between RARA and myopia, hypermetropia, and ocular biometric measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 802 Anglo-Celtic individuals were genotyped. Five tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) in RARA with an r(2) of 0.8 and a minor allele frequency greater than 5% were selected for genotyping. Genotype frequencies of these 5 tSNPs were compared between individuals with emmetropia and those with myopia or hypermetropia. A quantitative analysis was also performed to assess associations with ocular biometric measures including axial length, corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not identify any significant association between tSNPs in RARA with either myopia or hypermetropia as qualitative traits. Neither did we identify any significant associations of these tSNPs with the quantitative traits of axial length, corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to assess for associations between RARA and myopia, hypermetropia, and ocular biometric measures. Our findings suggest that variations in the nucleotide sequence of RARA are not associated with myopia, hypermetropia, or ocular biometric measures in our population.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne 3002, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veerappan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäche
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Pertile
authors.forename: F M A
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dirani
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Baird
mesh_terms: D001699:Biometry; D003710:Demography; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
chemical_list: C000607071:RARA protein, human; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha