title: Free radicals are present in human serum of Catha edulis Forsk (Khat) abusers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is a naturally occurring drug with an amphetamine-like structure and action. It has been postulated that amphetamine induces free radical formation. On this basis, we have hypothesized that Khat may promote synthesis of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the same way that amphetamine promotes free radical production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male subjects were enrolled in two groups: those with a chronic Khat chewing habit (n=20), and those without a chewing habit (controls; n=20). Both groups were matched with regard to age. Total antioxidant capacity and cholinesterase (AChE) activity were assayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study showed that Khat consumption inhibited serum free radical scavenging enzymes, resulting in significant elevations in free radical loads (p=0.01; n=20). We also showed that serum acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) was significantly inhibited in the Khat chewing group (p=0.002; n=20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show for the first time that Khat may contribute to high levels of free radicals. In addition, the presence of pesticides in Khat leaves is implicated in the inhibition of AChE activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Yemen.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Akwa
authors.forename: Monira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shaher
authors.forename: Sameeha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Akwa
authors.forename: Samir L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Aleryani
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D029754:Catha / Q000737:chemistry*; D055030:Drug Users; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005609:Free Radicals; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase