title: [Effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on Pim-3 and Bad proteins in human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ginsenoside Rg3 is a traditional Chinese medicine monomer which possesses anticancer effects. This study was to investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on Pim-3 and phosphorylated Bad (pBad) proteins, pBad (Ser112) and pBad (Ser136) in human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1.
  
  
  METHODS
  PANC-1 cells were exposed to 10, 20, 40 and 80 micromol/L ginsenoside Rg3 for 24 h. A short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of Pim-3 was cloned and inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector pSilencer 3.1-H1 Neo to construct pSilencer 3.1-H1 Neo-Pim-3. pSilencer 3.1-H1 Neo-Pim-3 was then transfected into PANC-1 cells. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay; cell apoptosis was observed under an invert microscope and measured by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining; protein expressions of Pim-3, Bad, pBad (Ser112) and pBad (Ser136) were measured by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inhibitory rates of 10, 20, 40 and 80 micromol/L ginsenoside Rg3 on PANC-1 cells were 20.2%, 33.4%, 52.8% and 65.3%, respectively. Typical morphological changes in apoptosis were induced by ginsenoside Rg3. The apoptotic rate of PANC-1 cells was significantly higher in the ginsenoside Rg3 treatment group (80 micromol/L) than in the control group (12.2% vs. 3.3%, P<0.05). Ginsenoside Rg3 had no influence on the total Bad protein expression, but decreased both Pim-3 and pBad (Ser112) expressions in a dose-dependent manner. pBad (Ser136) was not expressed in PANC-1 cells. Compared with the control group, the percentages of early and total apoptotic cells were significantly increased in PANC-1 cells transfected with pim-3-shRNA [(11.5+/-3.7)% vs. (5.8+/-2.2)%,P<0.01;(20.8+/-2.6)% vs.(13.0+/-4.1)%,P<0.05], while the expressions of pim-3 and pBad (Ser112) were both decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-tumor effect of ginsenoside Rg3 may be associated with the decrease of Pim-3 and pBad (Ser112).
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.forename: Zhi-Fang
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020868:Gene Silencing; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014162:Transfection; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D036145:Ginsenosides; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; C097367:ginsenoside Rg3; C499249:PIM3 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases