title: Tarsal tunnel syndrome: assessment of treatment outcome with an anatomic pain intensity scale.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessment of treatment outcomes for tarsal tunnel syndrome may be improved with a standardized pain rating scale using a descriptive anatomical foot model for pretreatment and post-treatment plantar foot pain analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective evaluation of 46 consecutive patients (56 feet) who had non-operative and surgical treatment for tarsal tunnel syndrome. Pain intensity was documented before and after treatment with the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale applied to the anatomic nerve regions of the plantar aspect of the foot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients who had successful non-operative treatment, overall pain intensity was significantly improved in the medial calcaneal, medial plantar, and lateral plantar nerve regions. In patients who had ongoing symptoms despite non-operative treatment, surgical treatment resulted in significant pain improvement in the medial calcaneal and medial plantar, but not lateral plantar, nerve regions. Pretreatment motor nerve conduction latency was significantly greater in patients who had surgical treatment than those who had only non-operative treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anatomic pain intensity rating models may be useful in the pretreatment and follow-up evaluation of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Predictors of failed non-operative treatment included longer motor nerve conduction latency and greater predominance of foot comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Heartland Health, St. Joseph, MO 64506, USA. Gondring@stjoelive.com
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Gondring
authors.forename: Elly
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trepman
authors.forename: Byron
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D013641:Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome