title: Ovarian cancer cells stimulate uPA gene expression in fibroblastic stromal cells via multiple paracrine and autocrine mechanisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Expression of uPA mRNA is massively up-regulated in the stroma of poorly differentiated ovarian tumors. We hypothesized that this expression was induced by paracrine signals from the epithelial tumor cells, and established an in vitro model of ovarian cancer microenvironment to study intercellular cross-talk.
  
  
  METHODS
  ES-2 clear cell carcinoma cells were grown in tissue culture inserts in a double-chamber system with fibroblastic stromal LEP cells embedded in Matrigel. Binding-site directed antibodies were used to neutralize soluble cytokines in ES-2 conditioned medium (CM) before incubation with LEP cells. Real time PCR measured uPA mRNA in LEP cells, as well as mRNA for cytokines in both cell types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Co-culture with ES-2 cells as well as incubation with ES-2 CM induced uPA mRNA in LEP cells about two-fold. In short time (12 h) incubation of LEP cells with CM, antibodies to EGF and bFGF reduced induction of uPA mRNA, suggesting that these cytokines function as paracrine signals. EGF mRNA and bFGF mRNA were also found in ES-2 cells. At longer incubation (24 h) antibodies to bFGF, HB-EGF, HGF, IGF-1, and IL-1alpha reduced uPA mRNA induction, suggesting an autocrine function for these cytokines in LEP cells. In fact, expression of the same five cytokines was up-regulated in LEP cells exposed to CM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified two cytokines as paracrine signals, and five cytokines as autocrine signals in ovarian cancer cell induced up-regulation of uPA mRNA in stromal fibroblastic cells. It is crucial to understand intra-tumoral cross-talk, since it can offer new therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: vera.noskova@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Noskova
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eleonor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Åsander
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Casslén
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator