CNTF 1357 G -> A polymorphism and the muscle strength response to resistance training.
The present study examined associations between the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) 1357 G --> A polymorphism and the muscle strength response to a unilateral, upper arm resistance-training (RT) program among healthy, young adults. Subjects were 754 Caucasian men (40%) and women (60%) who were genotyped and performed a training program of the nondominant (trained) arm with the dominant (untrained) arm as a comparison. Peak elbow flexor strength was measured with one repetition maximum, isometric strength with maximum voluntary contraction, and bicep cross-sectional area with MRI in the trained and untrained arms before and after training. Women with the CNTF GG genotype gained more absolute isometric strength, as measured by MVC (6.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.5 kg), than carriers of the CNTF A1357 allele in the trained arm pre- to posttraining (P < 0.05). No significant associations were seen in men. Women with the CNTF GG genotype gained more absolute dynamic (1.0 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.1 kg) and allometric (0.022 +/- 0.0 vs. 0.015 +/- 0.0 kg/kg(-0.67)) strength, as measured by 1 RM, than carriers of the CNTF A1357 allele in the untrained arm pre- to posttraining (P < 0.05). No significant associations were seen in men. No significant associations, as measured by cross-sectional area, were seen in men or women. The CNTF 1357 G --> A polymorphism explains only a small portion of the variability in the muscle strength response to training in women.
Walsh
Sean
S
Department of Kinesiology & Human Performance Laboratory, Neag School of Education, Univ. of Connecticut, Gampel Pavilion Rm. 206, 2095 Hillside Rd., U-1110, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA.
Kelsey
Bethany K
BK
Angelopoulos
Theodore J
TJ
Clarkson
Priscilla M
PM
Gordon
Paul M
PM
Moyna
Niall M
NM
Visich
Paul S
PS
Zoeller
Robert F
RF
Seip
Richard L
RL
Bilbie
Steve
S
Thompson
Paul D
PD
Hoffman
Eric P
EP
Price
Thomas B
TB
Devaney
Joseph M
JM
Pescatello
Linda S
LS
D000328:Adult; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000235:genetics*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000235:genetics*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D055070:Resistance Training; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States; D034941:Upper Extremity; D055815:Young Adult
D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor