title: Effects of it takes two to talk--the hanen program for parents of preschool children with cerebral palsy: findings from an exploratory study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether It Takes Two to Talk-The Hanen Program for Parents of Preschool Children With Cerebral Palsy is associated with change in interaction between children who have motor disorders and their parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven children aged 19-36 months who had nonprogressive motor disorders that affected their communication, and their mothers, were observed 4 months and 1 month before mothers attended It Takes Two to Talk training, and 1 month and 4 months after its completion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interaction patterns were stable prior to training. After training, mothers initiated less and produced more responses and fewer requests. Children produced more initiations, as well as more requests and provisions of information, after training. Mothers' linguistic input did not change in amount or complexity. Changes were maintained 4 months later. Mothers' views of parenting did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It Takes Two to Talk may be associated with positive communication change for this group. Further investigation of its clinical effectiveness is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University-Clinical Medical Sciences (Child Health), Sir James Spence Institute Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom. lindsay.pennington@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.forename: Kirsty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McNally
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003144:Communication Barriers; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D010988:Play and Playthings; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000379:methods*