title: Final results of sequential doxorubicin plus gemcitabine and ifosfamide, paclitaxel, and cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with metastatic or locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sequential chemotherapy with doxorubicin and gemcitabine (AG) followed by ifosfamide, paclitaxel, and cisplatin (ITP) was previously demonstrated to be well tolerated in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). This study sought to evaluate the efficacy and to additionally define toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with advanced TCC received AG every 2 weeks for five or six cycles followed by ITP every 21 days for four cycles. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was given between cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myelosuppression was seen with 68% of patients who experienced grades 3 to 4 neutropenia and with 25% who experienced febrile neutropenia. Grade 3 or greater nonhematologic toxicities were infrequent. Forty (73%) of 55 evaluable patients (95% CI, 59% to 84%) demonstrated a major response (complete, n = 19; partial, n = 21) and had a median response duration of 11.3 months (range, 1.7 to >or= 105.6 months). Twenty-seven (79%) of 34 patients with locally advanced disease (ie, T4, N0, M0) or with regional lymph node involvement (ie, T3-4, N1, M0) and 10 (56%) of 18 patients with distant metastases achieved a major response. The median progression-free survival was 12.1 months (95% CI, 9.0 to 14.8 months), and the median overall survival was 16.4 months (95% CI, 14.0 to 22.5 months). At a median follow-up of 76.4 months, seven (11.7%) patients remain alive, and all were disease free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AG plus ITP is an active regimen in previously untreated patients with advanced TCC; however, it is associated with toxicity and does not clearly offer a benefit compared with other nonsequential, cisplatin-based regimens.
authors.affiliation: Genitourinary Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA. milowskm@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Matthew I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Milowsky
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nanus
authors.forename: Fernando C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Maluf
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mironov
authors.forename: Weiji
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iasonos
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riches
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regazzi
authors.forename: Dean F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bajorin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide; D000093542:Gemcitabine