title: Factors associated with serum high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels in a general population.
abstract: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nonhistone chromatin-associated protein, is implicated as a mediator of both infectious and non-infectious inflammatory conditions. Clinical research on this protein in humans just has begun; serum HMGB1 was reported to be elevated in a small number of critically ill patients suffering from sepsis. However, the kinetics, distribution and factors associated with circulating HMGB1 are unknown in a general population. In this study, we examined these issues in a large population of healthy subjects. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 626 subjects (237 males and 389 females). HMGB1 levels showed a skewed distribution with a mean of 1.65 +/- 0.04 ng/ml. Multiple stepwise regression analyses found that white blood cell (WBC) counts (P = .016) and the soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE; P < .001, inversely), which is also known to be a receptor for HMGB1, were independently associated with HMGB1 levels. We demonstrated for the first time that circulating HMGB1 levels were inversely associated with sRAGE levels in a general population. Because RAGE is involved in HMGB1 signaling, our present study suggests that sRAGE may capture and eliminate circulating HMGB1 in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Ako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukami
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Sho-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Shin-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Shun-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumagae
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nanjo
authors.forename: Eita
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Eishi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esaki
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000378:metabolism; D000886:Anthropometry; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011153:Population; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D008055:Lipids; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic