title: Dust as a tipping element: the Bodele Depression, Chad.
abstract: Dust plays a vital role in climate and biophysical feedbacks in the Earth system. One source of dust, the Bodélé Depression in Chad, is estimated to produce about half the mineral aerosols emitted from the Sahara, which is the world's largest source. By using a variety of new remote sensing data, regional modeling, trajectory models, chemical analyses of dust, and future climate simulations, we investigate the current and past sensitivity of the Bodélé. We show that minor adjustments to small features of the atmospheric circulation, such as the Bodélé Low-Level Jet, could profoundly alter the behavior of this feature. Dust production during the mid-Holocene ceased completely from this key source region. Although subject to a great deal of uncertainty, some simulations of the 21st century indicate the potential for a substantial increase in dust production by the end of the century in comparison with current values.
authors.affiliation: Climate Research Lab, Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom. richard.washington@ouce.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Washington
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouet
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cautenet
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ashpole
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engelstaedter
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lizcano
authors.forename: Gideon M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schepanski
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tegen