title: Motivation of university and non-university stakeholders to change medical education in Vietnam.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both university and non-university stakeholders should be involved in the process of curriculum development in medical schools, because all are concerned with the competencies of the graduates. That may be difficult unless appropriate strategies are used to motivate each stakeholder. From 1999 to 2006, eight medical schools in Vietnam worked together to change the curriculum and teaching for general medical students to make it more community oriented. This paper describes the factors that motivated the different stakeholders to participate in curriculum change and teaching in Vietnamese medical schools and the activities to address those factors and have sustainable contributions from all relevant stakeholders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case study analysis of contributions to the change process, using reports, interviews, focus group discussions and surveys and based on Herzberg's Motivation Theory to analyze involvement of different stakeholders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Different stakeholders were motivated by selected activities, such as providing opportunities for non-university stakeholders to share their opinions, organizing interactions among university stakeholders, stimulating both bottom-up and top-down inputs, focusing on learning from each other, and emphasizing self-motivation factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Herzberg Motivation theory helped to identify suitable approaches to ensure that teaching topics, materials and assessment methods more closely reflected the health care needs of the community. Other medical schools undertaking a reform process may learn from this experience.
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam. luungochoat@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ngoc Hoat
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.forename: Lan Viet
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: van der Wilt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Broerse
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ruitenberg
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D003625:Data Collection; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D011594:Psychometrics; D013337:Students, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014744:Vietnam