title: Type I interferon receptor controls B-cell expression of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors and autoantibody production in a murine model of lupus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of high-titer IgG autoantibodies directed against nuclear autoantigens. Type I interferon (IFN-I) has been shown to play a pathogenic role in this disease. In the current study, we characterized the role of the IFNAR2 chain of the type I IFN (IFN-I) receptor in the targeting of nucleic acid-associated autoantigens and in B-cell expression of the nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR7 and TLR9, in the pristane model of lupus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wild-type (WT) and IFNAR2-/- mice were treated with pristane and monitored for proteinuria on a monthly basis. Autoantibody production was determined by autoantigen microarrays and confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoprecipitation. Serum immunoglobulin isotype levels, as well as B-cell cytokine production in vitro, were quantified by ELISA. B-cell proliferation was measured by thymidine incorporation assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Autoantigen microarray profiling revealed that pristane-treated IFNAR2-/- mice lacked autoantibodies directed against components of the RNA-associated autoantigen complexes Smith antigen/ribonucleoprotein (Sm/RNP) and ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 (RiboP). The level of IgG anti-single-stranded DNA and anti-histone autoantibodies in pristane-treated IFNAR2-/- mice was decreased compared to pristane-treated WT mice. TLR7 expression and activation by a TLR7 agonist were dramatically reduced in B cells from IFNAR2-/- mice. IFNAR2-/- B cells failed to upregulate TLR7 as well as TLR9 expression in response to IFN-I, and effector responses to TLR7 and TLR9 agonists were significantly decreased as compared to B cells from WT mice following treatment with IFN-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our studies provide a critical link between the IFN-I pathway and the regulation of TLR-specific B-cell responses in a murine model of SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. thibault.donna@gene.com
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Thibault
authors.forename: Kareem L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Lowen Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Imelda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Balboni
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hertzog
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Utz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000276:immunology; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; C508034:Ifnar2 protein, mouse; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta