title: Two further cases supporting nonsurgical management in congenital lobar emphysema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For decades, the well-established standard recommended treatment for patients with congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) and respiratory distress has been lobectomy of the affected lobe or lobes, whereas indications for conservative management have been controversially discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Description of the clinical courses including the results of diagnostic procedures and the resulting therapeutic strategies in 2 patients with congenital lobar emphysema. We review the literature on conservatively treated patients with congenital lobar emphysema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Considering that formerly asserted hypotheses postulating benefits of surgical treatment cannot unambiguously be corroborated from cases in literature, we could show that conservative treatment in patients with congenital lobar emphysema is appropriate in mildly to moderately symptomatic children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conservative treatment of children with congenital lobar emphysema is an attractive option, whenever justifiable on medical grounds. Our cases may serve as paradigms in decision-making processes in similar cases and - together with the literature review - may be helpful to avoid unnecessary lobectomies in children. Patients treated conservatively will need a close follow-up, and further data on long-term follow-up courses are desirable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Pneumology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. Alexander.Kovacevic@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovacevic
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nicolai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wisbauer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schuster
mesh_terms: D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000151:congenital* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed