title: Spectrum of fungal rhinosinusitis; histopathologist's perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical presentation can provide a clue to the subcategories of fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS); however, tissue examination provides accurate classification. The aim was to analyse the incidence and histopathological spectrum of FRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A retrospective analysis of all the cases of rhinosinusitis reported in the last 5 years was carried out. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections along with special stains such as periodic acid-Schiff and Grocott's were examined. These cases were subclassified based on the presence of allergic mucin, mycelial elements and tissue reaction. Out of a total of 665 cases of rhinosinusitis, 284 (42.7%) were of FRS. On histopathological examination they were broadly categorized as: (i) non-invasive FRS (n = 171, 60.2%), which included 160 cases (56.3%) of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) and eleven (3.9%) of fungal ball; (ii) invasive FRS (n = 101, 35.6%), which included 48 cases (16.9%) of chronic invasive granulomatous FRS, four (1.4%) of chronic invasive FRS and 49 (17.3%) of acute fulminant FRS; and (iii) mixed pattern FRS, comprising 12 cases (4.25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AFRS is the most common type of FRS. Cases with mixed reaction pattern suggest that different types of FRS represent a progressive spectrum of disease. An exact histopathological categorization of FRS is important as regards treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Ashim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Amanjit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: Arunaloke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.forename: Kusum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008271:Mycetoma / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D009181:Mycoses / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012233:Rhizopus; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult