title: C2 intralaminar screw placement: a quantitative anatomical and morphometric evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of placing a screw in the C2 lamina and evaluate the reliability of the surface of the dorsal arch of C2 as a landmark for determining the optimal site of screw entry.
  
  
  METHODS
  88 adult human C2 spines were used. Seven measurements were determined for screw entry points, trajectories, and lengths for placement of intralaminar screws.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average width of right C2 lamina (1/3 upper segment) was 2.6 mm (1.2 to 4.1 mm). The average width of left C2 lamina (1/3 upper segment) was 2.6 mm (1 to 4 mm). The average width of right C2 lamina (1/3 middle segment) was 4.9 mm (2.6 to 6.8 mm). The average width of left C2 lamina (1/3 middle segment) was 4.9 mm (2.3 to 7.6 mm). The average width of right C2 lamina (1/3 lower segment) was 5.7 mm (3.3 to 8.2 mm). The average width of left C2 lamina (1/3 lower segment) was 5.8 mm (2.2 to 9.6 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The width of the upper one-third of C2 lamina is not appropriate for the placement of intralaminar screws. On the other hand, the width of the middle and lower one-third of C2 lamina is more convenient for intralaminar screw delivery.
authors.affiliation: Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. mehmetsenoglu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Senoğlu
authors.forename: Davut
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ozbağ
authors.forename: Yakup
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gümüşalan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001863:Bone Screws; D002102:Cadaver; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers