Prediction of cell necrosis with sequential temperature mapping after radiofrequency ablation.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry after thermoablative therapy and to quantitatively evaluate the ability of two sequence types to predict cell necrosis.


METHODS
Twenty patients with hepatic tumors were treated by MR-guided radiofrequency ablation. For each 10 patients, postinterventionally performed gradient echo and segmented echo planar imaging sequences were used to calculate temperature maps based on the proton resonance frequency shift method. Contrast-enhanced images acquired 1 month after therapy were registered on the temperature maps and the necrotic, nonenhanced area was segmented and compared to the area with a displayed temperature above 60 degrees C. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of the temperature map was calculated, using the follow-up imaging as the gold standard.


RESULTS
Temperature mapping reached acceptable image quality in 45/47 cases. Sensitivity, ie, the rate of correctly detected coagulated tissue was 0.82 +/- 0.08 for the gradient echo imaging (GRE) sequence and 0.81 +/- 0.14 for the echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence. Positive predictive value, ie, the rate of voxel in the temperature map over 60 degrees C that actually developed necrosis, was 0.90 +/- 0.07 for the GRE sequence and 0.84 +/- 0.11 for the EPI sequence.


CONCLUSIONS
Sequential MR temperature mapping allows for the prediction of the coagulation zone with an acceptable sensitivity and positive predictive value using EPI and GRE sequences.
Rempp
Hansjörg
H
Department on Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen, Germany. hansjoerg.rempp@med.uni-tuebingen.de
Clasen
Stephan
S
Boss
Andreas
A
Roland
Jörg
J
Kickhefel
Antje
A
Schraml
Christina
C
Claussen
Claus D
CD
Schick
Fritz
F
Pereira
Philippe L
PL
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001831:Body Temperature; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C090600:gadobutrol