title: Sexual risk taking, STI and HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in six Indonesian cities.
abstract: Using surveillance data on men who have sex with men (MSM) from six Indonesian cities, this article reports prevalence of sexual risk taking, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Factors associated with HIV, other STIs and consistent condom use were assessed. Behavioral data were collected from 1,450 MSM, among whom 749 were tested for HIV and syphilis and 738 for gonorrhea and Chlamydia. Associations were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Over 80% of MSM knew HIV transmission routes, 65% of MSM had multiple male sexual partners, 27% unprotected anal sex with multiple male partners, and 27% sex with a female in the prior month. Consistent condom use ranged from 30 to 40% with male partners and 20 to 30% with female partners, depending upon partner type. HIV prevalence averaged 5.2%, but was 8.0% in Jakarta. Prevalence of rectal gonorrhea or Chlamydia was 32%. Multivariate analyses revealed recent methamphetamine use and current rectal gonorrheal or chlamydial infection to be associated with HIV infection. The data confirm diverse sexual networks and substantial sexual risk-taking, despite relatively high levels of education and HIV-related knowledge. In addition to promoting partner reduction and more consistent condom and lubricant use, prevention efforts must also address substance abuse.
authors.affiliation: Family Health International, Asia/Pacific Regional Office, 19th Floor, Sindhorn Building, Tower 3, 130-132 Wireless Rd, Lumpini, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. gmorineau@fhi.org
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morineau
authors.forename: Naning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nugrahini
authors.forename: Pandu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riono
authors.lastname: Nurhayati
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girault
authors.forename: Dyah Erti
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mustikawati
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Magnani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult