title: Use of various models for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies of ultraviolet filters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The percutaneous absorption test aims to estimate the passage of a substance across the skin. The absorption process can be described in three steps: (a) penetration of a substance into the skin layer, followed by (b) penetration from one layer into another (permeation) and finally (c) resorption into the vascular system. In vivo and in vitro models are available but owing to ethical reasons as well as the latter providing greater feasibility, in vitro models are preferred.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This present study reviews the natural membranes (human skin and animal models: pig, rabbit, rat, hairless mouse, guinea-pig and mouse), artificial skin equivalents and synthetic membranes that are currently being used for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies of UV filters, in order to provide the researcher with a greater insight when selecting membrane models for given experimental conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle et Cosmétologie, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Srei Pisei
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Huong
authors.forename: Hot
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bun
authors.forename: Jean-Dominique
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fourneron
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Reynier
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Andrieu
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D012882:Skin Tests / Q000379:methods*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents