What is new in pediatric traumatic brain injury?
OBJECTIVE
Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to discuss emerging concepts and to provide an update on the clinical evaluation, management, and predictors of outcome after pediatric TBI.


RESULTS
We review the epidemiology, patterns of injury, and pathophysiology of pediatric TBI and focus on selective 'hot topics' such as biomarkers, glucose control, and the potential benefits of hypothermia after pediatric TBI.


CONCLUSIONS
As TBI is the leading cause of death in children, research in this area is needed to advance our knowledge of the sequelae after and improve outcomes of children with TBI.
Sookplung
Pimwan
P
Department of Anesthesiology, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
Vavilala
Monica S
MS
D000293:Adolescent; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000097:blood; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000097:blood; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009479:Neuropeptides; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase