title: First identification of azaspiracid and spirolides in Mesodesma donacium and Mulinia edulis from Northern Chile.
abstract: In an attempt to evaluate the risk for human consumption associated to the accumulation of lipophilic toxins by two commercially important bivalves: macha (Mesodesma donacium) and clam (Mulinia edulis) in Coquimbo Bay (Chile), monitoring of these species was carried out from March to September 2008. The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to detect okadaic acid, dinophysistoxins, pectenotoxins, azaspiracids, yessotoxins and spirolides. Low levels of Azaspiracid-1 and 13-desmethyl C spirolide were found in both species. The toxins were detected at different dates throughout the monitoring period and in some cases both toxins were detected in the same sample. In all cases, the concentration of the toxins was below the limit of quantification of the technique used and therefore these detections are only indicative of a potential risk. This is the first report of the occurrence of these groups of toxins in Chile and suggests that it is necessary to monitor routinely these substances to warrant public health and shellfish exportations.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (Xunta de Galicia), Apto. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain. galvarez@cimacoron.org
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uribe
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Avalos
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mariño
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blanco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002677:Chile; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis*; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008387:Marine Toxins; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D014020:Tissue Extracts; C406592:azaspiracid; D000095702:Polyether Toxins