title: Toluene diisocyanate caused electrophysiological disturbances in the upper airways wall.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) due to its widespread use in industry is one of the most common and well-known causes of occupational asthma and Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS). In this study the impact of TDI on the electrophysiological properties of the airways wall, particularly on the mechanisms of absorption of sodium ions and chloride ions secretion was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated rabbit tracheal wall (from outbred stock animals) was mounted in an apparatus for electrophysiological experiments by means of Ussing method and was mechanically stimulated by the jet flux of specified fluid directed onto the mucosal surface of the tissue from a peristaltic pump. The measured parameters were: transepithelial potential difference under control conditions (PD, mV), after mechanical stimulation (dPD or physiological reaction of hyperpolarization, mV) and electric resistance (R, Omega cm2). When TDI (0.035 mM) was added to stimulation fluid, only the immediate reaction was identified and when it was added to incubation fluid and other experimental fluids, the late (post-incubation) reaction was determined. The experiments involving the inhibition of Na+ by amiloride and Cl- by bumetanide were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A series of functional tests for 72 pieces of tracheal wall from 36 animals were performed. It has been shown that short-term exposure to TDI significantly changed the course of reactions to mechanical stimulation. Also after incubation in the presence of TDI, the reactions to mechanical stimulation were changed in relation to control conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immediate reaction of the isolated rabbit tracheal wall after exposure to TDI depends on the duration of exposure and on the physiological condition of the tissue in respect of sodium and chloride ion transport.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland. piskorska@o2.pl
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piskorska
authors.forename: Iga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hołyńska-Iwan
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaczorowski
authors.forename: Julita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soczywko-Ciudzińska
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiciński
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lampka
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smuszkiewicz
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tyrakowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011817:Rabbits; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014051:Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate / Q000633:toxicity*; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002034:Bumetanide; D014051:Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate