title: Race and ethnicity correlate with survival in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asian centers have consistently reported superior gastric cancer outcomes. Our study examines gastric cancer survival among different races and ethnicities in a large, heterogeneous USA population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma treated in Los Angeles County from 1988 to 2006 were identified from the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program. Patients were categorized by race and ethnicity as White, Asian, Hispanic and Black.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 13 084 patients, 39% were White, 22% Asian, 28% Hispanic, 11% Black and 2% other. Asian patients demonstrated higher survival than Whites, Hispanics and Blacks [median survival (MS) 16.3 versus 8.4, 8.7 and 7.9 months, respectively; log-rank P values < 0.001]. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Asians had improved probability of survival [hazard ratio (HR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72-0.82; P < 0.001]. In patients who underwent curative-intent surgery, Asian patients demonstrated higher survival than Whites, Hispanics and Blacks (MS 32.7 versus 18.8, 19.9 and 18.9 months, respectively; log-rank P values < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Asians had improved probability of survival after surgery (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.88; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asians with gastric adenocarcinoma have superior outcomes in Los Angeles County. These outcomes verify disparities in gastric cancer survival among different races and ethnicities independent of established clinical and pathologic factors.
authors.affiliation: City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA. jokim@coh.org
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mailey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prendergast
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artinyan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pigazzi
authors.forename: J D I
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ellenhorn
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People