title: The mixture of procyanidins extracted from the lotus seed pod and bilobalide ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the co-effect of procyanidins extracted from the lotus seed pod (LSPC) and bilobalide (BIL) on ameliorating scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in young mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty male Kunming mice with similar learning and memory capabilities were selected by Morris water maze test and were randomized into 5 groups (n=10 in each group): control group, scopolamine group, L-(LSPC+BIL) group (50 mg/kg LSPC+10 mg/kg BIL), M-(LSPC+BIL) group (100 mg/kg LSPC+20 mg/kg BIL), H-(LSPC+BIL) group (150 mg/kg LSPC+30 mg/kg BIL). Scopolamine model with impaired learning and memory was established by scopolamine treatment (1 mg/kg), and after 10 min mice were tested. In L-, M-, and H-(LSPC+BIL) groups, mice were treated with LSPC and BIL ig. for 30 days, while mice in the other 2 groups were treated with normal saline ig. instead. After the 30-day's treatment, the co-effect of LSPC and BIL on learning and memory was tested by Morris water maze and the step-down avoidance tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The memory impairment caused by scopolamine in young mice could be ameliorated by co-treatment of LSPC and BIL, as indicated by significantly shorter escape latency and swimming distance in the Morris water maze test, when compared with those in the scopolamine group. In the step-down avoidance test, mice in all the 3 dose groups showed significantly smaller number of errors and longer latency than mice in the scopolamine group did.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-treatment of LSPE and BIL can ameliorate scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in young mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ji-Qu
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Bi-Jun
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhi-Da
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yun-Jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lie-Gang
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000379:methods; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046934:Ginkgolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000070116:Lotus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012601:Scopolamine; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005663:Furans; D046934:Ginkgolides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D012601:Scopolamine; C073710:bilobalide