title: Global HIV-1 molecular epidemiology with special reference to genetic analysis of HIV-1 subtypes circulating in North India: functional and pathogenic implications of genetic variation.
abstract: HIV-1 displays extensive genetic diversity globally which poses challenge in designing a suitable antigen/immunogen to provoke desired protective immune response in host. HIV-1 mediated pathogenesis is complex and involves host genes, virus genes and other factors. A number of genetic subtypes have been identified based on sequence variations, largely in envelope region. Different genetic subtypes display variation in amino acid sequences with increasing incidence of subtype B, C, D and mosaic recombinants in India. They can potentially alter the functions of several proteins like Rev, Tat ,Vpr, Vif etc and thereby, influence HIV-1 mediated pathogenesis. Recent study has shown that LTR promoter region exhibits novel mosaic structures with segments from B/C Myanmar and India. This indicates rapid evolving nature of HIV-1 and causing epidemics due to existence of multiple subtypes in Indian region. These multiple subtypes show significant differences in various functions (gene activation, cell cycle arrest, RNA binding activities) compared to prototype subtype B genes. These differences may help in better understanding of unique features of HIV-1 epidemic in India.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110 067, India.
authors.forename: Ujjwal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Neogi
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Snigdha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Nilanjana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Subodh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samrat
authors.forename: Yogeshwar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Sajid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: K Vijesh
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Sreedhar
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wanchu
authors.forename: Akhil C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Banerjea
mesh_terms: D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human