title: Double posteromedial portals for posterior ankle arthroscopy in supine position.
abstract: Both posterior and anterior arthroscopy of the ankle may be indicated in the same patient. With the patient supine, it is possible to reach most intraarticular structures of the ankle through the standard anterior portals, but difficult to examine the posterior compartments and to perform hindfoot endoscopy. In most patients following the anterior procedure the patient is positioned prone to operate on the posterior compartment. We describe a two-portal posteromedial hindfoot procedure that allows the surgeon to reach both the posterior joint space and the extraarticular compartment of the hindfoot with the scope and instruments, regardless of diagnosis, with the patient supine. After arthroscopy on the anterior portion of the foot using standard anterior portals, the two posteromedial portals allow endoscopic inspection and management of abnormalities in this region without repositioning the patient and without any remarkable local complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Ortopedia Universitaria, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Polo Pontino ICOT, Via Faggiana 68, Latina, Italy. francesco_allegra@fastwebnet.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allegra
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maffulli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020679:Arthroscopes; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016683:Supine Position; D013710:Tendons / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors