title: Multiple myeloma in World Trade Center responders: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on cases of multiple myeloma (MM) observed in World Trade Center (WTC) responders registered in the WTC Medical Program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Possible cases of MM diagnosed between September 11, 2001, and September 10, 2007, in responders were confirmed if they met the World Health Organization and Mayo Clinic diagnostic criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 28,252 responders of known sex and age, eight cases of MM were observed (6.8 expected). Four of these cases were observed in responders younger than 45 years at the time of diagnosis (1.2 expected). A slight deficit of MM cases was observed in responders older than 45 years (4 observed, 5.6 expected).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this case series, we observe an unusual number of MM cases in WTC responders under 45 years. This finding underscores the importance of maintaining surveillance for cancer and other emerging diseases in this highly exposed population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. jacqueline.moline@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moline
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Troy
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hodgman
authors.forename: Gauri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Udasin
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luft
authors.forename: Sylvan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wallenstein
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Landrigan
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Savitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000488:Allied Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks