title: Activation of nuclear factor kappa B and induction of migration inhibitory factor in tumors by surgical stress of laparotomy versus carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum: an animal experiment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical trauma may be associated with enhanced tumor growth and establishment. The authors studied the effect of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) pneumoperitoneum versus laparotomy on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activity in human gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nude mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with human gastric cancer cells (MKN45). Then laparotomy, CO(2) pneumoperitoneum, and anesthesia alone were performed randomly. Tumor growth and associated TNFalpha and MIF expression and NFkappaB activity were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total tumor weight, especially at the anterior abdominal wall, was higher after laparotomy than after CO(2) pneumoperitoneum (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of TNFalpha was higher 24 and 48 h after laparotomy than after CO(2) pneumoperitoneum (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). At all the examined time points, MIF mRNA expression also was higher after laparotomy than after CO(2) pneumoperitoneum (p < 0.05 until 1 week or p < 0.01 at 2 weeks). The NFkappaB protein was more activated after laparotomy than after CO(2) pneumoperitoneum 6 h subsequent to surgical procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After CO(2) pneumoperitoneum, tumors have less TNFalpha and MIF expression and less NFkappaB activity than after laparotomy. This may be associated with less tumor growth, supporting minimal invasive techniques in gastrointestinal oncologic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan. anwar71@med.oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tawfik Amin
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inomata
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007813:Laparotomy; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002245:Carbon Dioxide