title: Oral administration of Excitin-1 (beta-alanyl-L-leucine) alters behavior and brain monoamine and amino acid concentrations in rats.
abstract: We previously demonstrated that beta-alanyl-branched chain amino acids have excitatory effects. Therefore, we named beta-alanyl-L-leucine, beta-alanyl-L-isoleucine and beta-alanyl-L-valine as Excitin-1, -2, and -3 , respectively. Since there is little known about the effects of Excitins, we clarified whether oral administration of Excitin-1 affects behavior in rats, alters the monoamine and amino acid levels in the central nervous system, whether Excitin-1 is incorporated into the brain, and how long it remains in the blood. Excitin-1 increased motor behavior, increasing the distance of path and number of rearings in the open field. Excitin-1 influenced some monoamine and amino acid levels in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. Following oral administration, Excitin-1 was detected in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus and olfactory bulb. In the plasma, Excitin-1 and its metabolites beta-alanine and L-leucine were recorded. The present study demonstrated that Excitin-1 was incorporated in the brain and promoted behavioral changes in rats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Advanced Animal and Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Yousuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuneyoshi
authors.forename: Momoka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomonaga
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: D Michael
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Denbow
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furuse
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000409:Alanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007930:Leucine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004151:Dipeptides; D007930:Leucine; D000409:Alanine