title: Health, treatment and health care resources consumption profile among Spanish adults with diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the health, treatment and health care resources consumption profile among Spanish adults with diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and compare it with that of non-diabetic COPD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational and descriptive epidemiological study (EPIDEPOC study). The study included patients with stable COPD and aged > or =40 years, evaluated in primary care. Data were collected relating to sociodemographic variables, health profile, quality of life (SF-12), treatment and health care resources consumption. The results corresponding to diabetic and non-diabetic patients were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10,711 patients (75.6% males) with COPD were evaluated. The prevalence of diabetes was 16.9%. The diabetic patients were significantly older, with a larger percentage of women, and a lesser educational level compared with the non-diabetic patients. In addition, the diabetics were more sedentary, smoked less, and presented a higher percentage of obesity (33.6% versus 19.7%) than the non-diabetic patients. The severity of airways obstruction was greater among the diabetics than in the non-diabetic patients (54.57+/-13.37% versus 57.92+/-13.39%, respectively, p<0.05). As to co-morbidity, the diabetics showed a greater frequency of arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, depression and anxiety. Both the physical and the mental component as measured by the SF-12 yielded significantly poorer results among the diabetics. On the other hand, the diabetic subjects showed a higher consumption of drugs for COPD. In addition, they consumed significantly more health care (and thus economical) resources than the non-diabetic patients. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the variables that were independently associated to COPD among diabetic patients were: higher age, higher BMI, concomitant chronic heart disease, use of inhaled corticoids, SF-12 mental component, SF-12 physical component and total cost of COPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of diabetes in patients with COPD shows in the bivariate analysis a more severe lung disease, greater co-morbidity, poorer quality of life, and a greater consumption of resources, as well as a less favorable course in the previous year. However, the multivariate logistic regression shows that the variables that are independently associated to COPD among diabetic patients are higher age, higher BMI, concomitant chronic heart disease, use of inhaled corticoids, physical and mental component of quality of life questionnaire and total cost of COPD.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Docencia e Investigación en Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. de Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Garcia
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Miguel-Díez
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rejas-Gutierrez
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín-Centeno
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gobartt-Vázquez
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Barrera
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil de Miguel
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carrasco-Garrido
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003710:Demography; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology