title: Comparison of radiosensitizing effects of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor CCI-779 to cisplatin in experimental models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: To determine if the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor CCI-779 can sensitize head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to radiotherapy (XRT) and compare the radiosensitizing effects to cisplatin with its known considerable toxicity. Radiosensitizing effects of CCI-779 were assayed on HNSCC cell lines in vitro. CCI-779 (5 mg/kg), cisplatin (1 mg/kg), and XRT (2 Gy) alone and in combination were evaluated for antitumor activity in mice bearing FaDu and SCC40 xenografts. Effects of CCI-779 on radiation-induced activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway were analyzed. Although CCI-779 did not sensitize HNSCC cells to ionizing radiation in vitro, combination of CCI-779 and XRT significantly augmented the in vivo tumor growth-inhibitory effects of XRT and CCI-779 (P < 0.05). In addition, CCI-779 + XRT suppressed tumor growth more effectively than cisplatin + XRT (P < 0.05). CCI-779 + XRT significantly improved survival compared with XRT alone in both cisplatin-sensitive FaDu (P < 0.01) and cisplatin-resistant SCC40 (P < 0.05) xenograft mice. There were no additional benefits of adding cisplatin to CCI-779 + XRT. CCI-779 significantly attenuated irradiation-induced up-regulation of the mTOR pathway, increased apoptosis and displayed potent antiangiogenic activity in FaDu xenografts that was further enhanced by its combination with XRT (P < 0.05), which may explain the mechanism of its selective radiosensitizing effects in vivo and not in vitro. Antitumor activity of XRT was enhanced when combined with CCI-779 in HNSCC xenograft model. CCI-779 + XRT showed antitumor activity superior to conventional chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin. These results pave the way for clinical trials using molecular targeted therapy with CCI-779 in combination with XRT for HNSCC treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA.
authors.forename: Oleksandr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ekshyyan
authors.forename: Youhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Kavita M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pattani
authors.forename: Fleurette
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abreo
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caldito
authors.forename: John Kai Siung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ampil
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: Cherie-Ann O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Nathan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; C401859:temsirolimus; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D002945:Cisplatin; D020123:Sirolimus