title: Effect of a carbonaceous oral adsorbent on the progression of CKD: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The carbonaceous oral adsorbent AST-120 slows the deterioration of kidney function in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, information about AST-120 in patients with less severe stages of CKD is lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  75 medical facilities, 460 patients with CKD with serum creatinine (sCr) concentrations less than 5.0 mg/dL (not undergoing dialysis).
  
  
  METHODS
  Random assignment to either a low-protein diet and antihypertensive medication in the control group or that treatment combined with AST-120 (6 g/d).
  
  
  METHODS
  Composite primary end point: doubling of sCr level, increase in sCr level to 6.0 mg/dL or more, need for dialysis or transplantation, or death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  adverse events and changes in estimated creatinine clearance (CCr) rate, proteinuria (protein in milligrams per day), and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean sCr level was 2.66 mg/dL and estimated CCr was 22.4 mL/min in both groups. During 56 weeks, numbers of primary end-point events (43 for control versus 42 for AST-120) and event-free survival (P = 0.9) did not differ between groups. Gastrointestinal adverse events were less common in the control group than the AST-120 group (2 versus 32 events). Estimated CCr decreased more in the control group than in the AST-120 group (-15% per year versus -12% per year, relative to the baseline value; [corrected] P = 0.001). Median proteinuria changed from protein of 1,162 to 1,167 mg/d in the control group versus 1,102 to 906 mg/d in the AST-120 group (P = 0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infrequent primary end-point events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AST-120 did not substantially slow the progression of kidney disease in patients with moderate to severe CKD during 1 year.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akizawa
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakita
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Fumitake
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gejyo
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yorioka
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000327:Adsorption; D000368:Aged; D002244:Carbon / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D023381:Endpoint Determination / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D002244:Carbon; C040896:AST 120; D003404:Creatinine