title: Amniotic fluid urocortin, CRF, oestriol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cortisol concentrations at mid-trimester: putative relationship with preterm delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stress-related peptide and steroid hormones are involved in the pathogenesis of preterm delivery, even though their clinical usefulness as predictive markers of preterm delivery remains unclear. The present study evaluated whether mid-trimester amniotic fluid concentrations of stress-related peptides, that is corticothophin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin (Ucn) and feto-placental steroids (oestriol, DHEA-S and cortisol) correlated with preterm delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  It is a retrospective case-control study. Healthy women (n=130) undergoing amniocentesis at mid-gestation for genetic indications, of whom 15 had a preterm delivery (cases) and 115 delivered at term (controls). CRF, urocortin, cortisol, DHEA-S and oestriol concentrations were measured by specific and sensitive immunoenzymatic assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amniotic fluid urocortin concentrations in the cases (0.50+/-0.07 ng/ml) (M+/-SD) were significantly lower (P<0.0001) than in the control group (0.90+/-0.26 ng/ml), while CRF concentrations did not differ between the cases (1.52+/-0.39 ng/ml) and control group (1.64+/-0.68 ng/ml). Amniotic fluid cortisol (17.71+/-3.72 ng/ml vs. 17.32+/-3.17 ng/ml), DHEA-S (0.16+/-0.06 ng/ml vs. 0.17+/-0.09 ng/ml) and oestriol (4.68+/-1.95 ng/ml vs. 4.79+/-1.84 ng/ml) concentrations were similar in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low amniotic fluid concentrations of urocortin at mid-trimester may be a signal of predisposition to preterm delivery, while the unchanged CRF and steroid hormones concentrations in women delivering preterm suggest that this mechanisms are not yet activated at mid-trimester.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pediatric, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, S Maria alle Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torricelli
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Voltolini
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galleri
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biliotti
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giovannelli
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Bonis
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Pascalis
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Centini
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petraglia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism*; D004964:Estriol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000378:metabolism*; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D054832:Urocortins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054832:Urocortins; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004964:Estriol; D006854:Hydrocortisone