title: A strategy to avoid missed cases in a Brazilian neonatal TSH screening program for congenital hypothyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been reports of patients with primary hypothyroidism not identified by TSH measurement due to a presumably delayed rise in serum TSH. However, there are no data on the incidence of false negative results in neonatal screening programs employing primary TSH assay for diagnosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence of false negative results in a neonatal screening program using the primary TSH approach and evaluate a strategy to avoid misdiagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  190 newborns, with initial TSH > 15.0 IU/l and < 20.0 IU/l (screening cutoff). These infants were submitted to a second TSH measurement around 30 days after the first screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty days after the first screening, four of the 190 infants (2.1%) remained with TSH levels around the cut-off screening level or higher. Of these four patients, three had an absence of thyroid gland on ultrasonography, with a final diagnosis of dysgenesis. The fourth patient had a normal shaped gland in its usual location by ultrasonography, with an outcome of transitory congenital hypothyroidism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of missed congenital hypothyroidism diagnoses in this neonatal screening program based on the TSH approach was low and acceptable. Nevertheless, with the proposed strategy, the risk of false negative results can be reduced without significant impact on the overall cost of the screening program.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Materno-Infantil Presidente Vargas, Porto Alegre, Brazil. kreisner@terra.com.br
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kreisner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: M D Guerreiro
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Goldbeck
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods*; D050033:Thyroid Dysgenesis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D013972:Thyrotropin