title: The reduction of retinal autofluorescence caused by light exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prior study showed that long exposure to 568-nm light at levels below the maximum permissible exposure safety limit produces retinal damage preceded by a transient reduction in the autofluorescence of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vivo. The present study shows how the effects of exposure power and duration combine to produce this autofluorescence reduction and find the minimum exposure causing a detectable autofluorescence reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Macaque retinas were imaged using a fluorescence adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope to resolve individual RPE cells in vivo. The retina was exposed to 568-nm light over a square subtending 0.5 degrees with energies ranging from 1 to 788 J/cm(2), where power and duration were independently varied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo exposures of 5 J/cm(2) and higher caused an immediate decrease in autofluorescence followed by either full autofluorescence recovery (exposures <or= 210 J/cm(2)) or permanent RPE cell damage (exposures >or= 247 J/cm(2)). No significant autofluorescence reduction was observed for exposures of 2 J/cm(2) and lower. Reciprocity of exposure power and duration held for the exposures tested, implying that the total energy delivered to the retina, rather than its distribution in time, determines the amount of autofluorescence reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  That reciprocity held is consistent with a photochemical origin, which may or may not cause retinal degeneration. The implementation of safe methods for delivering light to the retina requires a better understanding of the mechanism causing autofluorescence reduction. Finally, RPE imaging was demonstrated using light levels that do not cause a detectable reduction in autofluorescence.
authors.affiliation: Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA. jwmorgan@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Jessica I W
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Merigan
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008062:Lipofuscin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D008297:Male; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008062:Lipofuscin