title: Potential clinical utility of polymerase chain reaction in microbiological testing for sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential improvement of antimicrobial treatment by utilizing a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that identifies sepsis-relevant microorganisms in blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational international multicentered trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospitals in Germany (n = 2), Spain (n = 1), and the United States (n = 1), and one Italian tertiary general hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  436 sepsis patients with 467 episodes of antimicrobial treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole blood for PCR and blood culture (BC) analysis was sampled independently for each episode. The potential impact of reporting microorganisms by PCR on adequacy and timeliness of antimicrobial therapy was analyzed. The number of gainable days on early adequate antimicrobial treatment attributable to PCR findings was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sepsis criteria, days on antimicrobial therapy, antimicrobial substances administered, and microorganisms identified by PCR and BC susceptibility tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BC diagnosed 117 clinically relevant microorganisms; PCR identified 154. Ninety-nine episodes were BC positive (BC+); 131 episodes were PCR positive (PCR+). Overall, 127.8 days of clinically inadequate empirical antibiotic treatment in the 99 BC+ episodes were observed. Utilization of PCR-aided diagnostics calculates to a potential reduction of 106.5 clinically inadequate treatment days. The ratio of gainable early adequate treatment days to number of PCR tests done is 22.8 days/100 tests overall (confidence interval 15-31) and 36.4 days/100 tests in the intensive care and surgical ward populations (confidence interval 22-51).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapid PCR identification of microorganisms may contribute to a reduction of early inadequate antibiotic treatment in sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Lutz Eric
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Hunfeld
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goglio
authors.forename: Gerald J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kost
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Louie
authors.forename: Annibale
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raglio
authors.forename: Benito J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Regueiro
authors.forename: Heimo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wissing
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stüber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents