title: Effects of the administration of beta-blockers on ventricular remodeling induced by cigarette smoking in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of the adrenergic system on ventricular remodeling induced by cigarette smoking is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of propranolol on ventricular remodeling induced by exposure to tobacco smoke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into three groups: 1) C, n=10--control group; 2) F, n=10--animals exposed to tobacco smoke; 3) BB, n=10--animals receiving propranolol and exposed to tobacco smoke (40 mg/kg/day). After 2 months, the animals underwent echocardiographic and morphometric analyses. One-way ANOVA (mean +/- standard deviation) or the Kruskal-Wallis test (median and interquartile interval) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group BB showed a lower heart rate than group F (C = 358 +/- 74 bpm, F = 374 +/- 53 bpm, BB = 297 +/- 30; P = 0.02). Group F showed greater end-diastolic diameters (C = 18.6 +/- 3.4 mm/kg, F = 22.8 +/- 1.8 mm/kg, BB = 21.7 +/- 1.8 mm/kg; P = 0.003) and left ventricular (LV) end-systolic diameters (C = 8.6 +/- 2.1 mm/kg, F = 11.3 +/- 1.3 mm/kg, BB = 9.9 +/- 1.2 mm/kg; P = 0.004), adjusted for body weight (BW) and a tendency towards a lower ejection fraction (C = 0.90 +/- 0.03, F = 0.87 +/- 0.03, BB =0.90 +/- 0.02; P = 0.07) than group C. Group BB showed a tendency towards a lower LV/BW ratio than group F (C = 1.94 (1.87 - 1.97), F = 2.03 (1.9-2.1) mg/g, BB = 1.89 (1.86-1.94); P = 0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of propranolol attenuated some of the variables of ventricular remodeling induced by the exposure to tobacco smoke in rats.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Daniella R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Lucienne C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Marcos F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Minicucci
authors.forename: Paula S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Beatriz B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Luiz S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Alvaro O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Campana
authors.forename: Sergio A R
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.forename: Leonardo A M
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Zornoff
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D011433:Propranolol