title: Effects of frequent oral hygiene instructions on microbial levels and salivary buffer capacity in orthodontic patients and their parents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether parental involvement can improve children's oral health as a strategiy to reduce caries risk in children undergoing orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 40 healthy children aged 7 to 15 years (mean 10.93 ± 2.78) and their accompanying parents (mother or father). Oral hygiene instructions were given simultaneously to all children and accompanying parents every 6 weeks at their regular orthodontic appointments. Levels of Streptococcus mutans and salivary buffer capacity were assessed for both children and parents before and 9 months into orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of children (74%) and parents (92%) expressed unchanged levels of Streptococcus mutans and stable salivary buffer capacity throughout the study. When analyzing child-parent pairs with respect to Streptococcus mutans and salivary buffer capacity, no significant differences were found prior to treatment. Nine months into treatment, 57% of the children and parents still showed similar Streptococcus mutans counts and buffer capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The child-parent approach succeeded in preventing deterioration of children's oral hygiene. Parental involvement has an essential part in maintaining children's oral health. Oral health care professionals should partner with parents when implementing any kind of health behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Hadas
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katz-Sagi
authors.forename: Meir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Redlich
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shapira
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peretz
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002021:Buffers; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003729:Dental Care; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control; D004522:Educational Status; D005220:Fathers / Q000193:education; D005260:Female; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education; D009790:Occupations; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000193:education*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D012923:Social Class; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D012969:Sodium Fluoride