title: Laterality and location influence catamenial seizure expression in women with partial epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The temporal distribution of seizures in women with localization-related epilepsy occurs periodically according to a model "clock" with the peak phase of occurrence corresponding to menstrual onset. The location and laterality of the epileptic lesion as well as patient age may affect periodicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data from seizure and menstrual diaries of approximately 3 months duration were obtained from 100 women enrolled in a trial of hormonal therapy for localization-related epilepsy. Durations of individual cycles were normalized to a common menstrual phase and period. Normalized data were then combined to create distributions evaluated by localization (lobar: temporal [TL], extratemporal [XL], multifocal [MF], unknown), lateralization (left, right, bilateral, unknown), and age. Distributions were evaluated with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and curve-fitted by nonlinear least squares cosinor analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 71 patients had TL (left = 25, right = 29, bilateral = 17), 10 XL, 14 MF, and 5 unknown seizure foci. XL and MF seizures occurred randomly across the 28-day cycle. TL seizures (left = 875, right = 706) occurred nonrandomly (ANOVA p = 0.0003) and cyclically with peak occurrence near onset of menses ([value +/- SD] peak = 1.6 +/- 2.3 days, period = 27.0 days). Left-side TL seizures peaked cyclically at onset of menses (ANOVA p = 0.04, peak = 0.0 +/- 3.0 days, period = 30 days); right-side TL seizures occurred randomly. Age did not have a cyclical effect. Women below the median age had a significantly higher seizure rate than those above the median age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circalunar rhythms of seizures in women, and therefore, possibly strategies of hormonal treatments of catamenial epilepsy, vary with the neuroanatomic substrate of the seizure focus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. quigg@virginia.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quigg
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Smithson
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sursal
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Herzog
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010507:Periodicity; D011374:Progesterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone