title: An ethnopharmacological survey and in vitro confirmation of ethnopharmacological use of medicinal plants used for wound healing in Bosomtwi-Atwima-Kwanwoma area, Ghana.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wounds represent a major health burden and drain on healthcare resources in the world including Ghana and Africa. The majority of the people of Ghana and Africa still patronize traditional medicine for their health needs including various forms of wounds. The aim of this study is the identification of medicinal plants, type of wounds, dosage forms and collection methods used traditionally in treating wounds in the Bosomtwi-Atwima-Kwanwoma district, Ghana. In vitro screening of selected extracts from these plants on cell physiology of human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes was to be performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Validated questionnaires were administered to 78 traditional healers in 54 communities of the district. Interviews and structured conversations were used to administer the questionnaires. Selected herbal material dominantly used by the healers was collected, identified and aqueous and ethanolic extracts were investigated in vitro on influence on cell physiology of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts (MTT-, BrdU-, LDH-assay). Antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts were determined by free radical scavenging activity. Antiadhesive activity against Helicobacter pylori on human stomach cells was investigated for extracts reported to be used for stomach ulcer treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ethnopharmacological survey revealed 104 plants species belonging to 47 families. The detailed use of these plants is documented. Aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus muellerianus, Pycnanthus angolensis and Combretum smeathmanni influenced the mitochondrial activity and proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes significantly. Ethanolic extracts of selected plants exhibited strong antioxidant activities comparable to alpha-tocopherol. For Spathodea campanulata, Hoslundia opposita and Pycnanthus angolensis, which were reported by the healers to be used also for wound healing in case of stomach ulcers, strong antiadhesive activity against Helicobacter pylori was demonstrated, while the extracts did not exhibit any direct cytotoxicity against the bacterium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traditional use of many wound-healing plants from Ghana can be well rationalized by the in vitro investigation of aqueous extracts. E.g. extracts of Phyllanthus muellerianus, Pycnanthus angolensis and Combretum smeathmanni exhibited significant influence on the cell viability and proliferation of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agyare
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asase
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lechtenberg
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niehues
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deters
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hensel
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D005843:Geography; D005869:Ghana; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000145:classification*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts