title: Air-medical transport experience in emergency medicine residencies: then and now.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The appropriate activation and effective utilization of air-medical transport (AMT) services is an important skill for emergency medicine physicians in the United States. Previous studies have demonstrated variability with regards to emergency medical services (EMS) experience during residency training. This study was designed to evaluate the nature and extent of AMT training of the emergency medicine residency programs in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  An identity-unlinked survey of the program directors of all Accreditation Committee for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) approved emergency medicine residency programs was conducted. The survey focused on EMS and AMT resident training opportunities and was conducted in two phases (1999 and 2006) using near-identical methodologies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rates of 82% and 84% were achieved in 1999 and 2006, respectively. Percentages of programs offering AMT experiences were similar between the two study phases (76% in 1999 and 65% in 2006). The roles of residents during AMT experiences ranged widely between observer-only, active team member, and medical director/team leader in both 1999 and 2006. Compared to those in 1999, programs in 2006 demonstrated a greater frequency of EMS rotations being provided earlier, by year of training during emergency medicine residency. Residencies located in non-metropolitan centers only were slightly more likely to offer AMT training than were those in metropolitan locations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A majority of emergency medicine residency programs offer AMT experience that includes both scene responses and inter-facility transports. The role of residents during AMT training varies widely, as does the timing of their experiences during residency. The geographical locations of programs do not appear to impact the availability of AMT training.
authors.affiliation: The John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21209, USA. ntang@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fredericksen
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Buddy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kozen
authors.forename: Horace
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Arjun S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chanmugam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017732:Air Ambulances / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003625:Data Collection; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004522:Educational Status; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education* / Q000266:history; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D015397:Program Evaluation; D014481:United States