title: Mechanisms underlying the inhibition of the cytochrome P450 system by copper ions.
abstract: Copper toxicity has been associated to the capacity of free copper ions to catalyze the production of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical, reactive species that modify the structure and/or function of biomolecules. In addition, nonspecific Cu2+-binding to thiol enzymes, which modifies their catalytic activities, has been reported. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) monooxygenase is a thiol protein that binds substrates in the first and limiting step of CYP450 system catalytic cycle, necessary for the metabolism of lipophilic xenobiotics. Therefore, copper ions have the potential to oxidize and bind to cysteinyl residues of this monooxygenase, altering the CYP450 system activity. To test this postulate, we studied the effect of Cu2+ alone and Cu2+/ascorbate in rat liver microsomes, to independently evaluate its nonspecific binding and its pro-oxidant effects, respectively. We assessed these effects on the absorbance spectrum of the monooxygenase, as a measure of structural damage, and p-nitroanisole O-demethylating activity of CYP450 system, as a marker of functional impairment. Data obtained indicate that Cu2+ could both oxidize and bind to some amino acid residues of the CYP450 monooxygenase but not to its heme group. The differences observed between the effects of Cu2+ and Cu2+/ascorbate show that both mechanisms are involved in the catalytic activity inhibition of CYP450 system by copper ions. The significance of these findings on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile. mel@ciq.uchile.cl
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Letelier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faúndez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jara-Sandoval
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molina-Berríos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cortés-Troncoso
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aracena-Parks
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marín-Catalán
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002614:Chelating Agents; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D010090:Oxidoreductases, O-Demethylating / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016877:Oxidants; D003300:Copper; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C026048:4-nitroanisole O-demethylase; D010090:Oxidoreductases, O-Demethylating; D005978:Glutathione