title: Simultaneous screening and confirmation of multiple classes of drug residues in fish by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry.
abstract: LC-ion trap mass spectrometry was used to screen and confirm 38 compounds from a variety of drug classes in four species of fish: trout, salmon, catfish, and tilapia. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and hexane. The acetonitrile phase was evaporated, redissolved in water and acetonitrile, and analyzed by gradient chromatography on a phenyl column. MS(2) or MS(3) spectra were monitored for each compound. Qualitative method performance was evaluated by the analysis over several days of replicate samples of control fish, fish fortified with a drug mixture at 1 ppm, 0.1 ppm and 0.01 ppm, and fish dosed with a representative from each drug class. Half of the 38 drugs were confirmed at 0.01 ppm, the lowest fortification level. This included all of the quinolones and fluoroquinolones, the macrolides, malachite green, and most of the imidazoles. Florfenicol amine, metronidazole, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and most of the betalactams were confirmed at 0.1 ppm. Ivermectin and penicillin G were only detectable in the 1 ppm fortified samples. With the exception of amoxicillin, emamectin, metronidazole, and tylosin, residue presence was confirmed in all the dosed fish.
authors.affiliation: Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food & Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Shani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gieseker
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reimschuessel
authors.forename: Christie-Sue
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019155:Veterinary Drugs