title: Repeatability of innervation zone identification in the external anal sphincter muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Knowledge of the distribution of the innervation zones (IZs) of the external anal sphincter (EAS) may be useful for preventing anal sphincter incompetence during vaginal delivery. A method proposed for the automatic estimation of the distribution of IZs of EAS from high-density surface electromyography (EMG) was evaluated for repeatability in continent volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 13 healthy female subjects (age: 35 +/- 11 years) surface EMG signals were acquired using an anal probe with three circumferential electrode arrays (of 16 contacts each) at different depths within the anal canal (15 mm distance between the centers of adjacent arrays), during four independent experimental sessions. Three maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of 10 sec were performed for each session for a total of 12 contractions per subject. Repeatability of the estimation of the distribution of IZ was tested by evaluating the coefficient of multiple correlations (CMC) between the IZ distributions estimated from the signals recorded from each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high repeatability (CMC > 0.8) was found comparing IZ distributions estimated from signals recorded by each array within the same session. A slightly lower value was obtained considering signals recorded during different sessions (CMC > 0.7), but a higher value (CMC > 0.8) was obtained after aligning the estimated IZ distributions. The realignment compensates for the operator's error in repositioning the probe in the same position during different sessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This result justifies clinical studies using high-density surface EMG in routine examinations, providing information about IZs of EAS and assessing the possibilities of preventing neuronal trauma during vaginal delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine VI, University Hospitals Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. paul.enck@uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Enck
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Davico
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mastrangelo
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mesin
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Merletti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054792:Muscle, Striated / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*