title: Revisiting the effectiveness of standard antidepressants in bipolar disorder: are monoamine oxidase inhibitors superior?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of antidepressants in treating bipolar disorder is controversial, and the comparative effectiveness of specific drugs is insufficiently studied.We report here a comparison of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) with the serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine (PAROX).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from a larger study, using the first antidepressant trial administered either after entry (n = 46) or after a recurrent episode during study participation (n = 6).Twenty two patients were treated with PAROX and 30 with an MAOI. Durable recovery was determined from Hamilton depression and Young mania scores, based on published criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAROX treatment led to durable recovery in 27% of patients, a result very similar to the 24% recovery rate found in a recent STEP-BD trial. In contrast, patients treated with an MAOI had a 53% durable recovery rate. Survival analysis showed a significantly faster onset of durable recovery with MAOIs (x2 = 4.77, p = 0.029). Among subjects who were able to complete an adequate treatment trial of at least four weeks duration, durable recovery was attained in a significantly greater proportion of those treated with an MAOI (16 of 23, 70%) as compared to PAROX (6 of 18, 33%)(Fisher's Exact Test, p = 0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these patients with bipolar depression, the antidepressant effectiveness of PAROX was unacceptably low, but rates of recovery with MAOIs were significantly higher.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. mallingera@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Alan G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mallinger
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Thase
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Barwell
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Diazgranados
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Luckenbaugh
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kupfer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D017374:Paroxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors