title: Offshore industry: medical emergency response in the offshore oil and gas industry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hunt for oil and gas has taken workers into new more distant locations including those offshore. The remoteness of the offshore platforms and vessels coupled with the potential risk of being cut off by bad weather presents particular challenges for medical emergency response (MER).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Firstly to define the challenges for MER in terms of locations, population and epidemiology of injuries and illnesses in the offshore environment. Secondly to give examples of legal requirements and industry standards to manage MER. Thirdly to look at existing and emerging practice to manage these challenges.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of published literature was supplemented with a summary of current practice in the industry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical professionals (medics) working offshore on installations and vessels are primarily responsible for the medical care of the workers. The medics have clinics with suitable medical equipment for managing emergencies as well as providing limited primary care. Some countries have legislation that stipulate minimum requirements. Where there is no national legislation, industry and company guidance is used to define the MER standards. Supervision of the offshore medics is often provided by doctors on shore via radio and phone links. These methods of communication are now being augmented with more sophisticated telemedicine solutions such as the Internet and live video links. These newer solutions allow for prompt high-quality care and provide the scope for a variety of new treatment options to be available for the offshore workforce.
authors.affiliation: Shell Health, Shell International B.V., 2501 AN The Hague, The Netherlands. will.ponsonby@shell.com
authors.forename: Will
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ponsonby
authors.forename: Frano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mika
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Irons
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004630:Emergencies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019652:Extraction and Processing Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D010578:Petroleum; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum