title: Patient and pathologic correlates with perioperative and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To comprehensively analyze and compare patient and pathologic correlates with perioperative events and with the long-term results of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed in 255 patients with renal cell carcinoma. Mean follow-up time was 35.2 months; for 39 patients, it was 5 or more years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis revealed that major intraoperative complications were associated with increased body mass index and that major postoperative complications were associated with a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score. Older age and higher ASA score were associated with longer hospitalization. Patients were classified using a risk group stratification that incorporated grade and stage; 118 patients were low risk, 93 were intermediate risk, and 44 patients were high risk. No pathologic features were associated with perioperative outcomes. Kaplan-Meier recurrence-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival at 5 years were 79.2%, 88%, and 76.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that pathologic risk group, mass size, and high-risk histologic subtype were associated with recurrence-free survival, and cancer-specific survival was associated with pathologic risk group and mass size. Age, high-risk pathologic risk group, and a high-risk histologic subtype were associated with overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy are associated with body mass index, ASA score, and age, but not with tumor characteristics. Recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival rates were associated with the expected pathologic parameters, confirming the oncologic efficacy of the procedure. Overall survival is associated not only with tumor pathology but also with age, suggesting that competing-cause mortality is important in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0330, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Gabr
authors.forename: Yehoshua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gdor
authors.forename: Seth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Strope
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: J Stuart
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome