title: Increase in proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood without haemostatic changes after LPS inhalation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchoalveolar fibrin deposition is a characteristic of various lung disorders including acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. It is secondary to the activation of coagulation and inhibition of fibrinolysis in the alveolar space, and can be stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between compartmental stress in the lung and systemic response after LPS inhalation by measuring haemostatic parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 healthy subjects underwent a bronchial challenge test with LPS; sequential dosages were performed for 5 biological markers (Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Prothrombin Fragments 1 and 2 (F 1+2), cortisol and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) before endotoxin inhalation and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours afterwards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6 and CRP levels in the peripheral blood were higher after LPS inhalation; there was no activation of coagulation and no increase in PAI-1 level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that despite systemic release of proinflammatory cytokines, LPS inhalation does not induce systemic haemostatic response to LPS challenge.
authors.affiliation: CHU Nantes, Hôtel-Dieu, Laboratoire d'Hématologie et Centre Régional de Traitement de l'Hémophilie, Quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes, France. marc.fouassier@chu-nantes.fr
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fouassier
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Souweine
authors.forename: Anne-Françoise
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Sapin
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hashemzadeh
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marquès-Verdier
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caillaud
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006854:Hydrocortisone