title: NF-kappaB activation is required for adaptive cardiac hypertrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously shown that cardiac-specific inhibition of NF-kappaB attenuates angiotensin II (AngII)-induced left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in vivo. We now tested whether NF-kappaB inhibition is able to block LV remodelling upon chronic pressure overload and chronic AngII stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac-restricted NF-kappaB inhibition was achieved by expression of a stabilized IkappaBalpha mutant (IkappaBalphaDeltaN) in cells with an active alpha-myosin heavy chain (alphaMHC) promoter employing the Cre/lox technique. Upon low-gradient trans-aortic constriction (TAC, gradient 21 +/- 3 mmHg), hypertrophy was induced in both male and female control mice after 4 weeks. At this time, LV hypertrophy was blocked in transgenic (TG) male but not female mice with NF-kappaB inhibition. Amelioration of LV hypertrophy was associated with activation of NF-kappaB by dihydrotestosterone in isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes. LV remodelling was not attenuated by NF-kappaB inhibition after 8 weeks TAC, demonstrated by decreased fractional shortening (FS) in both control and TG mice irrespective of gender. Similar results were obtained when TAC was performed with higher gradients (48 +/- 4 mmHg). In TG mice, FS dropped to similar low levels over the same time course [FS sham, 29 +/- 1% (mean +/- SEM); FS control + 14 days TAC, 13 +/- 3%; FS TG + 14 days TAC, 9 +/- 5%]. Similarly, LV remodelling was accelerated by NF-kappaB inhibition in an AngII-dependent genetic heart failure model (AT1-R(alphaMHC)) associated with significantly increased cardiac fibrosis in double AT1-R(alphaMHC)/TG mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NF-kappaB inhibition attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in a gender-specific manner but does not alter the course of stress-induced LV remodelling, indicating NF-kappaB to be required for adaptive cardiac hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Franz Volhard Klinik, Experimental Clinical Research Center, Charité Campus Buch, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zelarayan
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Renger
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Noack
authors.forename: Maria-Patapia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zafiriou
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gehrke
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van der Nagel
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Windt
authors.forename: Martin W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bergmann
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000502:physiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains