title: Laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy and vesicopsoas hitch with double ureter for infiltrative endometriosis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of congenital anomalies of the ureter is very low, as is the incidence of endometriosis of the ureter. The presence of the 2 conditions together is extremely rare. To our knowledge, this is the first description in the medical literature of a laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy and vesicopsoas hitch in the setting of a double ureter for the treatment of infiltrative endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 31-year-old multigravid woman with a history of severe endometriosis involving the urogenital tract and complete duplication of the right renal collecting system, as well as a right ureterovaginal fistula, presented for evaluation and surgical consult. The patient underwent laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy and vesicopsoas hitch for the treatment of infiltrative endometriosis with a double ureter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In skilled operative hands, a minimally invasive approach, applying the principles of laparotomy, in the setting of a duplicated renal collecting system is feasible.
authors.affiliation: Atlanta Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Reproductive Medicine, 5555 Peachtree Dunwoody Road, Suite 276, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA. ceana@nezhat.com
authors.forename: Ceana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nezhat
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rottenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D016658:Psoas Muscles; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013710:Tendons; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods*