title: Monitoring carbamazepine in surface and wastewaters by an immunoassay based on a monoclonal antibody.
abstract: The pharmaceutical compound carbamazepine (CBZ) is an emerging pollutant in the aquatic environment and may potentially be used as a wastewater marker. In this work, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of carbamazepine in surface and sewage waters has been developed. The heterogeneous immunoassay is based on a commercially available monoclonal antibody and a novel enzyme conjugate (tracer) that links the hapten via a hydrophilic peptide (triglycine) spacer to horseradish peroxidase. The assay achieves a limit of detection of 24 ng/L and a quantitation range of 0.05-50 microg/L. The analytical performance and figure of merits were compared to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction. For nine Berlin surface water samples and one wastewater sample, a close correlation of results was observed. A constant overestimation relative to the CBZ concentration of approximately 30% by ELISA is probably caused by the presence of 10,11-epoxy-CBZ and 2-hydroxy-CBZ in the samples. The ELISA displayed cross-reactivities for these compounds of 83% and 14%, respectively. In a first screening of 27 surface water samples, CBZ was detected in every sample with concentrations between 0.05 and 3.2 microg/L. Since no sample cleanup is required, the assay allowed for the determination of carbamazepine with high sensitivity at low costs and with much higher throughput than with conventional methods.
authors.affiliation: BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahlmann
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Panne
authors.forename: Rudolf J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002220:Carbamazepine