Fanconi anemia and its diagnosis.
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by diverse congenital malformations, progressive pancytopenia, and predisposition to both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Congenital anomalies vary from patient to patient and may affect skeletal morphogenesis as well as any of the major organ systems. Although this highly variable phenotype makes accurate diagnosis on the basis of clinical manifestations difficult in some patients, laboratory study of chromosomal breakage induced by diepoxybutane (DEB) or other crosslinking agents provides a unique cellular marker for the diagnosis of the disorder either prenatally or postnatally. Diagnosis based on abnormal response to DNA crosslinking agents can be used to identify the pre-anemia patient as well as patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia who may or may not have the physical stigmata associated with the syndrome. This overview will present our current knowledge regarding the varied phenotypic manifestations of FA and procedures for diagnosis based upon abnormal DNA damage responses.
Auerbach
Arleen D
AD
Laboratory of Human Genetics and Hematology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States. auerbac@rockefeller.edu.
D000013:Congenital Abnormalities; D004249:DNA Damage; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D005199:Fanconi Anemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009030:Mosaicism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D010641:Phenotype
D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D016685:Mitomycin; C007366:diepoxybutane