title: Adiponectin is related to intramyocellular lipid content in non-diabetic adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content and low serum adiponectin (ADP) levels and ADP is also involved in muscle fat oxidation. However, the relationship between ADP and IMCL content is still controversial and in this study we explored it further in non-diabetic adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three adult subjects, 24 obese non-diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and 9 lean healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMRS) was performed to quantify IMCL content. The latter plus serum ADP, anthropometrics and biochemical parameters were evaluated and compared in these 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MS patients had higher body mass index, waist, waist-to- hip ratio, glucose, insulin, and triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol (HDLc) compared to controls. Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) [3.25 (2.58-4.13) vs 1.02 (0.73- 1.29); p<0.0001] and IMCL content [266.1 (189.9-296.3) vs 72.85 (55.3-109.4) AU, p<0.0001] were higher, and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [0.32 (0.31-0.33) vs 0.38 (0.37-0.40); p<0.0001] and ADP [8.6 (4.05-15.95) vs 21.1 (12.9- 24.4) microg/ml; p=0.02] were lower in MS subjects compared to controls. IMCL content was directly associated to glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR and inversely to HDLc, QUICKI and, more importantly, to ADP (r=-0.41; p<0.05). Only in the MS group, ADP partially influenced IMCL content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADP is inversely related to IMCL content in non-diabetic adults. This finding has possible implications for the role of ADP in muscle fat oxidation, IR, and MS.
authors.affiliation: State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, IEDE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Godoy-Matos
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bahia
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Domingues
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sicuro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tambascia
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geloneze
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Kraemer-Aguiar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouskela
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D008055:Lipids