title: The role of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor in gastrointestinal immunity to salmonellosis.
abstract: Human Salmonella infection, in particular, typhoid fever is a highly infectious disease that remains a major public health problem causing significant morbidity and mortality. The outcome of these infections depends on the host's immune response, particularly the actions of granulocytes and macrophages. Using a mouse model of human typhoid fever, with Salmonella typhimurium infection of wild type and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) knock out mice we show a delay in the onset of immune-mediated tissue damage in the spleens and livers of GM-CSF(-/-) mice. Furthermore, GM-CSF(-/-) mice have a prolonged sequestration of S. typhimurium in affected tissues despite an increased production of F4/80+ effector cells. Moreover in the absence of GM-CSF, a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 was found, which may alter the host's immune response to infection. GM-CSF appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Salmonellosis, and may contribute significantly to the development of protective gastrointestinal mucosal immune responses against oral pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coon
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Beagley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D020382:Interleukin-18; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor