title: Algorithms for digital image processing in diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: This work examined recent literature on digital image processing in the field of diabetic retinopathy. Algorithms were categorized into 5 steps (preprocessing; localization and segmentation of the optic disk; segmentation of the retinal vasculature; localization of the macula and fovea; localization and segmentation of retinopathy). The variety of outcome measures, use of a gold standard or ground truth, data sample sizes and the use of image databases is discussed. It is intended that our classification of algorithms into a small number of categories, definition of terms and discussion of evolving techniques will provide guidance to algorithm designers for diabetic retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, United Kingdom. rj.winder@ulster.ac.uk
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Winder
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: McRitchie
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bailie
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hart
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000473:pathology*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D042262:Retinoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted