title: Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E overexpression in triple-negative breast cancer predicts a worse outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Triple-negative (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], and HER2/neu receptor negative) breast neoplasms are typically high grade and portend a higher risk for relapse. Not being amendable to ER, PR, or HER2-targeted therapy, adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the only option. High eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) overexpression in tumor specimens is an independent predictor for relapse in breast cancer, perhaps secondary to tousled-like kinase 1B upregulation and subsequent doxorubicin resistance. In this prospective study, eIF4E elevation in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) specimens was studied to determine its effect on cancer outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 103 TNBC patients was initiated. Tumor specimens were quantified for eIF4E expression using Western blots. Clinical outcomes data were collected after standardized adjuvant treatment and surveillance protocols. Primary end points were cancer recurrence and cancer-related death. The eIF4E levels in cancer specimens were quantified as x-fold over benign samples from noncancer patients. Statistical procedures performed include survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, Cox proportional hazards regression model, and the chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of eIF4E were categorized into 3 tertiles. Among 103 patients, 36 were in the low group (< or =7.5-fold), 40 were in the intermediate group (7.5- to 15-fold), and 27 were in the high group (> or =15-fold). Patients with triple-negative neoplasms that were in the high eIF4E group had greater rates of cancer recurrence (P = .04) and cancer-related death (P = .02) than the low eIF4E group. Among patients with node-negative disease, high eIF4E overexpression in tumor specimens continues to portend a greater rate of cancer recurrence (P = .02), and a higher rate of cancer death (P = .03) than those in the low eIF4E group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNBC patients with high eIF4E overexpression are more likely to recur and die from cancer recurrence. High eIF4E seems to be a significant prognostic marker, even in TNBC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center in Shreveport and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA. aflow1@lsuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flowers
authors.forename: Quyen D
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Panu
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meschonat
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caldito
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lowery-Nordberg
authors.forename: Benjamin D L
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C425323:TLK1 protein, human