title: Waist circumference is the best anthropometric predictor for insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine but not olanzapine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate which anthropometric measure (human body measurement) best predicts insulin resistance measured by the insulin sensitivity index (SI) and the homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in nondiabetic patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine or olanzapine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study of nondiabetic subjects with schizophrenia being treated with olanzapine or clozapine using a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, nutritional assessment, and anthropometric measures, to assess the relationship between anthropometric measures and insulin resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was found between the groups treated with clozapine and olanzapine in age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lipid levels, HOMA-IR, or SI. The disposition index (SI x the acute insulin response to glucose), which measures how the body compensates for insulin resistance to maintain a normal glucose level, was significantly lower in the group treated with clozapine than in the group treated with olanzapine (1067+/-1390 vs. 2521+/-2805; P=0.013), suggesting that the subjects treated with clozapine had a reduced compensatory response to IR compared with the subjects treated with olanzapine. In the clozapine group, both higher WC and BMI were significantly associated with elevated HOMA-IR and lower SI; however, WC was a stronger correlate of IR than BMI, as measured by SI (-0.50 vs. -0.40). In the olanzapine group, neither WC nor BMI was significantly associated with any measure of glucose metabolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, WC was the single best anthropometric surrogate for predicting IR in patients treated with clozapine but not olanzapine. The results suggest that WC may be a valuable screening tool for predicting IR in patients with schizophrenia being treated with clozapine who are at relatively higher risk of developing the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and associated cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. dchenderson@partners.org
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Xiaoduo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Bikash
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: Christina P C
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Borba
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Freudenreich
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cather
authors.forename: A Eden
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Evins
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Goff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D005947:Glucose; D003024:Clozapine; D000077152:Olanzapine