title: Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of Mucambo virus (Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex subtype IIIA) in Trinidad.
abstract: In the 1950s and 1960s, alphaviruses in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) antigenic complex were the most frequently isolated arboviruses in Trinidad. Since then, there has been very little research performed with these viruses. Herein, we report on the isolation, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses of Mucambo virus (MUCV; VEE complex subtype IIIA), including 6 recently isolated from Culex (Melanoconion) portesi mosquitoes and 11 previously isolated in Trinidad and Brazil. Results show that nucleotide and amino acid identities across the complete structural polyprotein for the MUCV isolates were 96.6-100% and 98.7-100%, respectively, and the phylogenetic tree inferred for MUCV was highly geographically- and temporally-structured. Bayesian analyses suggest that the sampled MUCV lineages have a recent common ancestry of approximately 198 years (with a 95% highest posterior density (HPD) interval of 63-448 years) prior to 2007, and an overall rate of evolution of 1.28 x 10(-4) substitutions/site/yr.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Auguste
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Volk
authors.forename: Nicole C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Arrigo
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Vernie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramkissoon
authors.forename: A Paige
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Nadin N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Abiodun A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Adesiyun
authors.forename: Dave D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Chadee
authors.forename: Jerome E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Amelia P A
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Travassos Da Rosa
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Tesh
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Christine V F
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Carrington
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003465:Culex / Q000821:virology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004666:Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D010802:Phylogeny; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D013997:Time Factors; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral