title: Dichroa febrifuga Lour. inhibits the production of IL-1beta and IL-6 through blocking NF-kappaB, MAPK and Akt activation in macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The roots of Dichroa febrifuga Lour. have been used as a traditional antimalarial drug and also used in the treatment of productive cough and unstable fever caused by infection in China and Korea. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect and underlying molecular mechanism of aqueous extract of Dichroa febrifuga (AEDF) in C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of AEDF on proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1beta and IL-6) production was analyzed by ELISA and real-time RT-PCR. The effects of AEDF on NF-kappaB/IkappaB-alpha/IKK were measured by reporter assay (in RAW 264.7 cells), EMSA, Western blotting and kinase assay. The effects of AEDF on Akt and MAPKs activity were assayed by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AEDF inhibited the production of IL-1beta and IL-6, NF-kappaB activation, IkappaB-alpha degradation, and IKK, Akt, ERK1/2 and JNK activities in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that AEDF inhibits proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1beta and IL-6) production in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages, and that these effects are mediated by the inhibition of the activity of IKK/IkappaB/NF-kappaB and the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, and JNK. Our results provide a molecular basis for understanding the inhibitory effects of Dichroa febrifuga roots on endotoxin-mediated inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-dong, Keumjeong-gu, Pusan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ga-Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Woo Shin
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Younghee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029628:Hydrangeaceae; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse