title: Inadequate reporting of trials compromises the applicability of systematic reviews.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uncertainty about the applicability of controlled trial findings is an increasing concern for clinicians and policy decision makers. This study aimed to determine whether information reported in studies included in systematic reviews was adequate enough to assess their applicability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the databases of four recently conducted systematic reviews on the comparative efficacy and safety of second-generation antidepressants, inhaled corticosteroids, Alzheimer's drugs, and targeted immune modulators. We developed and pilot-tested a questionnaire to assess the adequacy of reporting with respect to seven previously validated criteria of study design that distinguish explanatory from pragmatic studies. For each of the 137 included studies, two reviewers independently assessed the adequacy of reporting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, only 12 percent of the included studies provided sufficient information to reliably distinguish explanatory from pragmatic studies. The areas with the greatest lack of reporting were the setting of the study, methods of adverse event assessment, and sample size considerations to determine a minimally important difference from a patient perspective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial shortcomings in reporting exist in aspects of study design important to determine whether a study is applicable to specific populations of interest.
authors.affiliation: Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Danube University, Krems, Austria. gerald.gartlehner@donau-uni.ac.at
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gartlehner
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thieda
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Laura C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Janelle A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shumate
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Nissman
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004282:Documentation / Q000592:standards*; D011643:Publishing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires