title: Cell biology of molybdenum.
abstract: The transition element molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient that is needed as catalytically active metal during enzyme catalysis. In humans four enzymes depend on Mo: sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, aldehyde oxidase, and mitochondrial amidoxime reductase. In addition to these enzymes, plants harbor a fifth Mo-enzyme namely nitrate reductase. To gain biological activity and fulfill its function in enzymes, Mo has to be complexed by a pterin compound thus forming the molybdenum cofactor. This article will review the way that Mo takes from uptake into the cell, via formation of the molybdenum cofactor and its storage, up to the final insertion of the molybdenum cofactor into apometalloenzymes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Biology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany. r.mendel@tu-bs.de
authors.forename: Ralf R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Mendel
mesh_terms: D042931:Aldehyde Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000090006:Molybdenum Cofactors; D050901:Nitrate Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D011621:Pteridines / Q000378:metabolism*; D050876:Sulfite Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013466:Sulfurtransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D042931:Aldehyde Oxidase; D003067:Coenzymes; D008667:Metalloproteins; D008982:Molybdenum; D000090006:Molybdenum Cofactors; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D011621:Pteridines; D050876:Sulfite Oxidase; D013466:Sulfurtransferases; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase; C022261:molybdopterin; C534493:amidoxime reducing component, human; C425823:MOCOS protein, human