title: Detection of unknown primary neuroendocrine tumours (CUP-NET) using (68)Ga-DOTA-NOC receptor PET/CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This bi-centric study aimed to determine the role of receptor PET/CT using (68)Ga-DOTA-NOC in the detection of undiagnosed primary sites of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and to understand the molecular behaviour of the primarily undiagnosed tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall 59 patients (33 men and 26 women, age: 65 + or - 9 years) with documented NET and unknown primary were enrolled. PET/CT was performed after injection of approximately 100 MBq (46-260 MBq) of (68)Ga-DOTA-NOC. The maximum standardised uptake values (SUV(max)) were calculated and compared with SUV(max) in known pancreatic NET (pNET) and ileum/jejunum/duodenum (SI-NET). The results of PET/CT were also correlated with CT alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 35 of 59 patients (59%), (68)Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT localised the site of the primary: ileum/jejunum (14), pancreas (16), rectum/colon (2), lungs (2) and paraganglioma (1). CT alone (on retrospective analyses) confirmed the findings in 12 of 59 patients (20%). The mean SUV(max) of identified previously unknown pNET and SI-NET were 18.6 + or - 9.8 (range: 7.8-34.8) and 9.1 + or - 6.0 (range: 4.2-27.8), respectively. SUV(max) in patients with previously known pNET and SI-NET were 26.1 + or - 14.5 (range: 8.7-42.4) and 11.3 + or - 3.7 (range: 5.6-17.9). The SUV(max) of the unknown pNET and SI-NET were significantly lower (p < 0.05) as compared to the ones with known primary tumour sites; 19% of the patients had high-grade and 81% low-grade NET. Based on (68)Ga-DOTA-NOC receptor PET/CT, 6 of 59 patients were operated and the primary was removed (4 pancreatic, 1 ileal and 1 rectal tumour) resulting in a management change in approximately 10% of the patients. In the remaining 29 patients, because of the far advanced stage of the disease (due to distant metastases), the primary tumours were not operated. Additional histopathological sampling was available from one patient with bronchial carcinoid (through bronchoscopy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that (68)Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT is highly superior to (111)In-OctreoScan (39% detection rate for CUP according to the literature) and can play a major role in the management of patients with CUP-NET.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET/CT, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Robert Koch Allee-9, 99437 Bad Berka, Germany. info@rpbaum.de
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ambrosini
authors.forename: Merten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hommann
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoersch
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanti
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Baum
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C504894:68Ga-DOTANOC; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals