title: Adiponectin has different mechanisms in type 1 and type 2 diabetes with C-peptide link.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adiponectin (ApN) is considered to be responsible for reduction of inflammation and is known to be included in lipid metabolism. This study was designed to assess the role of adiponectin in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and to determine parameters important in the prediction of adiponectin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adiponectin, high sensitive C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, C-peptide, and lipid panel in addition to clinical and laboratory parameters important for the definition of diabetes, obesity and the metabolic syndrome were measured in 118 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best model (R2=0.989) for predicting adiponectin in type 1 diabetes included fibrinogen, white blood cell count, uric acid and triglycerides. In type 2 diabetes the best model (R2=0.751) included C-peptide, white blood cell count, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. ANOVA showed among-group differences in adiponectin (P=0.028), body mass index (P < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (P < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P =0.012) according to the type of diabetes. Between-group differences were also observed in adiponectin (P =0.033) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P =0.009) according to sex. Adiponectin correlated (P < 0.05) with body mass index, C-peptide, pulse pressure and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adiponectin levels were higher in type 1 diabetes. The association between C-peptide and adiponectin is probably one of the reasons for their different respective levels in different types of diabetes. Interrelations between adiponectin and inflammation, dyslipidemia, C-peptide levels and sex appear to be important for complex adiponectin modulation and action.
authors.affiliation: Department for Metabolic Medicine, Vuk Vrhovac University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia. spomenka.ljubic@gmail.com
authors.forename: Spomenka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ljubic
authors.forename: Jozo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boras
authors.forename: Anamarija
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jazbec
authors.forename: Marijana Vucic
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Lovrencic
authors.forename: Vinko
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vidjak
authors.forename: Dubravka Jurisic
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Erzen
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mileta
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D002096:C-Peptide; D014280:Triglycerides; D014527:Uric Acid; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein