title: Evaluation of the relationship between type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and severity of periodontal disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-six Saudi diabetic females, aged 35-70 years, attending the Diabetic Center of King Abdul-Aziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were included in the study. In Group I (better control with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <9%) we assigned 74 subjects and in Group II (poor control with HbA1c >9%) 52 subjects. The periodontal parameters recorded were plaque index, bleeding index, presence of calculus, pocket depth measurement, and clinical attachment level. These parameters were evaluated in a randomized half mouth examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, duration of diabetes, percentage of plaque index and bleeding index showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. In contrast, there was a significantly higher percentage of calculus, PD > or = 4 mm and loss of attachment level (3-4 mm) in the poorly controlled diabetic patients, as compared to the better-controlled group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant association of the loss of attachment level (3-4 mm) with PD in poorly controlled diabetic patients, as compared to better-controlled patients. Poor-control diabetics (Group II) exhibited an increased percentage of calculus and greater risk for periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Fawartani@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Fatin A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Awartani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin