title: Inhibition of ATR protein kinase activity by schisandrin B in DNA damage response.
abstract: ATM and ATR protein kinases play a crucial role in cellular DNA damage responses. The inhibition of ATM and ATR can lead to the abolition of the function of cell cycle checkpoints. In this regard, it is expected that checkpoint inhibitors can serve as sensitizing agents for anti-cancer chemo/radiotherapy. Although several ATM inhibitors have been reported, there are no ATR-specific inhibitors currently available. Here, we report the inhibitory effect of schisandrin B (SchB), an active ingredient of Fructus schisandrae, on ATR activity in DNA damage response. SchB treatment significantly decreased the viability of A549 adenocarcinoma cells after UV exposure. Importantly, SchB treatment inhibited both the phosphorylation levels of ATM and ATR substrates, as well as the activity of the G2/M checkpoint in UV-exposed cells. The protein kinase activity of immunoaffinity-purified ATR was dose-dependently decreased by SchB in vitro (IC(50): 7.25 muM), but the inhibitory effect was not observed in ATM, Chk1, PI3K, DNA-PK, and mTOR. The extent of UV-induced phosphorylation of p53 and Chk1 was markedly reduced by SchB in ATM-deficient but not siATR-treated cells. Taken together, our demonstration of the ability of SchB to inhibit ATR protein kinase activity following DNA damage in cells has clinical implications in anti-cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tatewaki
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Magara
authors.forename: Kam Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamamori
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konishi
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D034242:Cyclooctanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D034242:Cyclooctanes; D017705:Lignans; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; C015499:schizandrin B; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases