title: Estimated autism risk and older reproductive age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to estimate the risk for autism associated with maternal and paternal age across successive birth cohorts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We linked birth records and autism diagnostic records from the California Department of Developmental Services for children born in California between 1992 and 2000 to calculate the risk associated with maternal and paternal age for each birth cohort as well as for the pooled data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The categorical risks associated with maternal age over 40 years ranged from a high of 1.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37, 2.47) to a low of 1.27 (95% CI = 0.95, 1.69). The risk associated with paternal age ranged from 1.29 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.6) to 1.71 (95% CI = 1.41, 2.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pooling data across multiple birth cohorts inflates the risk associated with paternal age. Analyses that do not suffer from problems produced by pooling across birth cohorts demonstrated that advanced maternal age, rather than paternal age, may pose greater risk. Future research examining parental age as a risk factor must be careful to avoid the paradoxes that can arise from pooling data, particularly during periods of social demographic change.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Marissa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fountain
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dakhlallah
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bearman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D010331:Paternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors