title: Open-labeled pilot study of cysteine-rich whey protein isolate supplementation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glutathione (GSH) depletion contributes to liver injury and development of steatohepatitis. Undenatured cysteine-rich whey protein isolate has been clinically proven to raise GSH in several patient groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral supplementation with whey protein on patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
  
  
  METHODS
  In an open-labeled clinical trial, 38 patients (18 male, 20 female; mean age 48 +/- 14 years) with NASH confirmed by computed tomography measurements and liver biochemistries were given with a daily dose of 20 g whey protein isolate for 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant reduction in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (64 +/- 72 vs 46 +/- 36, P = 0.016) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (45 +/- 49 vs 33 +/- 18, P = 0.047) were observed. Plasma glutathione and total antioxidant capacity increased significantly at the end of study (53 +/- 11 vs 68 +/- 11, P < 0.05 and 1.26 +/- 0.10 vs 2.03 +/- 0.10, P < 0.05). Liver attenuation index improved from -13.4 +/- 11.1 to -9.7 +/- 13.1 (P = 0.048). Hepatic macrovesicular steatosis decreased significantly after 12 weeks of supplementation (33.82 +/- 12.82 vs 30.66 +/- 15.96, P = 0.046). Whey protein isolate was well tolerated. No serious adverse events were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that oral supplementation of cysteine-rich whey protein isolate leads to improvements in liver biochemistries, increased plasma GSH, total antioxidant capacity and reduced hepatic macrovesicular steatosis in NASH patients. The results support the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrohepatology, Department of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. thaitaned@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Taned
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chitapanarux
authors.forename: Prasong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tienboon
authors.forename: Suwalee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pojchamarnwiputh
authors.forename: Donrawee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leelarungrayub
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D003545:Cysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D005978:Glutathione; D003545:Cysteine