title: A new rectal ultrasonographic method for the staging of rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radial transrectal ultrasound is the most frequently used method for preoperative staging of rectal cancer. Accuracy rates of transrectal ultrasound have fallen significantly to 64% and 70% for tumor and node staging, respectively. The use of a frontal probe may overcome the drawbacks of radial transrectal ultrasound. This study was designed to compare the accuracy of frontal transrectal ultrasound performed with a frontal probe with the classic procedure, which uses a radial probe, in the preoperative T and N staging of rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four patients with rectal adenocarcinoma underwent both techniques. Thirty patients had a neoadjuvant treatment. The staging accuracy of both methods was determined by comparing the results of each with the findings of surgical histopathologic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six men and 28 women were recruited. Frontal transrectal ultrasound was performed in all patients. Staging was amenable in only 58 patients with the radial transrectal ultrasound because the tumors were either stenotic or too proximal. Frontal transrectal ultrasound was accurate in the T staging of 89% of the tumors, whereas radial transrectal ultrasound was accurate in only 69% (P = 0.004). The difference was even more significant when we compared accuracy among the 58 patients in whom both examinations were completed (P = 0.002). Both methods had similar accuracy for lymph node staging. Neoadjuvant treatment had no influence on accuracy. No overstaging of the tumor occurred with the frontal transrectal ultrasound. Understaging was more frequently encountered with radial transrectal ultrasound than with frontal transrectal ultrasound (26% vs. 11%, respectively; P = 0.036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with radial transrectal ultrasound, frontal transrectal ultrasound has a better accuracy for T staging of rectal cancer. Its advantage in overcoming the drawbacks of radial transrectal ultrasound may make this procedure the method of choice for rectal cancer staging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel. marcobg7@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beer-Gabel
authors.forename: Yehudith
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Assouline
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zmora
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venturero
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bar-Meir
authors.forename: Binjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avidan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies