title: Epidemiology of traumatic and spontaneous subconjunctival haemorrhages in Congo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine frequency and associated conditions of subconjunctival haemorrhage
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive and cross-sectional study of all consecutive patients with traumatic and spontaneous subconjunctival haemorrhage (SCH) examined between 1999 and 2004 in a general practice of ophthalmology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 58 (0.8%) patients with SCH (61 eyes) among 6843 consulting patients. They consisted of 34 (58.6%) women and 24 (41.4%) men, with a mean age (SD) of 30.7 years (16). Among the 58 patients with SCH, 30 (51.7%) had traumatic SCH and 28 (48.3%) had spontaneous SCH. In both populations of patients, females outnumbered males. The mean age was 35.5 and 26.4 years for patients with spontaneous and traumatic SCH, respectively (P = 0.04). Patients with spontaneous SCH presented earlier (< or = 3 days, P = 0.006) and complained of a red eye at a greater extent than patients with traumatic SCH (P = 0.02). There were no statistically significant differences between the patients with spontaneous and traumatic SCH with respect to gender (P = 0.75), eye involvement (P = 0.69), location of SCH (P = 0.23) and occupation of patients (P = 0.50). The condition was unilateral in 90% of eyes. Location of SCH was most found to be temporal (36.1%) or nasal (26.2%). In spontaneous SCH, no apparent associated condition was found in 64.3%. Hypertension (14.3%) was the most frequent associated condition. Other associated conditions were rare and included vomiting, sneezing, malaria, hypoglycaemia, sickle cell disease and delivery. In traumatic SCH, 67% injuries occurred at home.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCHs were seen in 0.8% of patients and occurred more frequently in women than in men in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kinshasa, DR Congo. dieudonne_kaimbo@yahoo.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003223:Congo / Q000453:epidemiology; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000293:injuries*; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005130:Eye Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D055815:Young Adult