title: Citalopram for continuation therapy after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in vascular depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors previously reported that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) produced a response rate of 39.4% among 62 patients with treatment resistant vascular depression. This study was undertaken to assess the outcome of continuation therapy to prevent relapse among these patients during 9 weeks after completion of rTMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to 18,000 pulses of rTMS given over 3 weeks or sham treatment using double blind methods. After rTMS, all patients were given 20 mg/day of citalopram for 9 weeks and reevaluated at 3, 6, and 9 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient continuation treatment trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with vascular depression (N = 62), as determined by magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensities and three or more clinical risk factors for vascular disease without other major medical illness, were recruited. They had onset of major depression after age 50 and failed at least one trial of antidepressants.
  
  
  METHODS
  After rTMS or sham treatment, all treatment responders were given citalopram for 9 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 33 patients who were given rTMS, 13 responded (i.e., >50% decline in Hamilton Depression Scale score). Of these 13, all completed the 9 weeks of continuation treatment. There were nine patients who continued to be responders and four who had a relapse of depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More effective methods are needed to treat elderly patients with treatment resistant vascular depression and to prevent relapse among treatment responders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, IA, USA. robert-robinson@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Veselin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tenev
authors.forename: Ricardo E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Jorge
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D015283:Citalopram / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D015283:Citalopram