title: In vivo evidence of differential impact of typical and atypical antipsychotics on intracortical myelin in adults with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imaging and post-mortem studies provide converging evidence that patients with schizophrenia have a dysregulated developmental trajectory of frontal lobe myelination. The hypothesis that typical and atypical medications may differentially impact brain myelination in adults with schizophrenia was previously assessed with inversion recovery (IR) images. Increased white matter (WM) volume suggestive of increased myelination was detected in the patient group treated with an atypical antipsychotic compared to a typical one.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In a follow-up reanalysis of MRI images from the original study, we used a novel method to assess whether the difference in WM volumes could be caused by a differential effect of medications on the intracortical myelination process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different male cohorts of healthy controls ranging in age from 18-35 years were compared to cohorts of subjects with schizophrenia who were treated with either oral risperidone (Ris) or fluphenazine decanoate (Fd).
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel MRI method that combines the distinct tissue contrasts provided by IR and proton density (PD) images was used to estimate intracortical myelin (ICM) volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with their pooled healthy control comparison group, the two groups of schizophrenic patients differed in the frontal lobe ICM measure with the Ris group having significantly higher volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that in adults with schizophrenia antipsychotic treatment choice may be specifically and differentially impacting later-myelinating intracortical circuitry. In vivo MRI can be used to dissect subtle differences in brain tissue characteristics and thus help clarify the effect of pharmacologic treatments on developmental and pathologic processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6968, USA. gbar@ucla.edu
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartzokis
authors.forename: Po H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Stephanie B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Bolanle
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oluwadara
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pantages
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sherin
authors.forename: Lori L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Altshuler
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gitlin
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Subotnik
authors.forename: Keith H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nuechterlein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents