title: Effects of therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus with a peptide derived from islet neogenesis associated protein (INGAP).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Islet neogenesis associated protein (INGAP) has beta cell regenerating effects in experimental models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with T1DM (N = 63) and T2DM (N = 126) received 300 or 600 mg/day of INGAP peptide in a 90 day, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In T1DM, on-treatment Arginine-stimulated C-peptide (AUC(0-30)) significantly increased from baseline in the 600 mg group (p = 0.0058 versus placebo); no significant changes were seen in the 300 mg group. In T2DM, stimulated C-peptide was significantly better preserved in the 600 mg group compared to placebo at day 120, 30 days after washout (p = 0.031 versus placebo), but did not reach statistical significance during treatment or in the 300 mg group. In T2DM, A1C decreased significantly more in the 600 mg group compared to placebo at day 90 (-0.94% versus -0.47%, respectively, p = 0.009) and day 120, 30 days after washout (-0.73% versus -0.24%, respectively, p = 0.013). This was accompanied by significant reductions in mean glucose. No difference from placebo was detected in the 300 mg group or in T1DM. Injection site reactions were the most common adverse event, occurring in 8 (36%) of placebo, 19 (90%) of 300 mg, and 15 (75%) of 600 mg groups (T1DM) and 14 (33%) of placebo, 27 (64%) of 300 mg, and 29 (69%) of 600 mg groups (T2DM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  INGAP peptide increases C-peptide secretion in T1DM and improves glycaemic control in T2DM. Longer-term exposure, more frequent dosing, better tolerated formulations or combination with other therapies may be necessary to achieve optimal clinical response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA. kathleen.dungan@osumc.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dungan
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Buse
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ratner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011384:Proinsulin / Q000097:blood; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8 / Q000276:immunology; D012038:Regeneration; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001120:Arginine; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D016207:Cytokines; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011384:Proinsulin; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8; C500438:INGAP peptide; C000612141:REG3A protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C516862:PTPRN protein, human; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2