Sex-specific association of depression and a haplotype in leukotriene A4 hydrolase gene.
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether genetic variants involved in inflammation play a role in the sex difference in depression. Depression is, in part, genetically determined and inflammation has been implicated. Women are twice as likely to develop depression as men.


METHODS
We examined the association, separately in men and women, between seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) gene and 12 SNPs in the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) gene and depression in 1368 white subjects (30.4% female) referred for cardiovascular evaluation. Depression was defined as a score of >or=10 in the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. Single marker analysis was assessed by the chi(2) test. Haplotype-specific associations were performed, using likelihood ratio tests. Empirical significance levels were determined by permutation tests.


RESULTS
Depressed individuals, comprising 14.5% of the total, were more likely to be female, current smokers, have a history of diabetes and myocardial infarction. None of the SNPs in the ALOX5AP gene, either singly or in combination, was associated with depression. The 12 SNPs in the LTA4H gene were not individually associated with depression. However, a six-SNP haplotype in LTA4H gene, named HapE, showed a significant protective effect on depression in women, but not in men, after correcting for cardiovascular effects. The interaction between HapE and sex on depression was statistically significant.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides the first evidence for a sex-specific association of a novel haplotype in the LTA4H gene on depression. Although replication is needed, our study suggests that genetic variations may underlie sex differences in depression.
Zhao
Jinying
J
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 801 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Jinying-Zhao@ouhsc.edu
Quyyumi
Arshed A
AA
Patel
Riyaz
R
Zafari
A Maziar
AM
Veledar
Emir
E
Onufrak
Stephen
S
Shallenberger
Lucy H
LH
Jones
Linda
L
Vaccarino
Viola
V
D058927:5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Proteins; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D023281:Genomics; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
D058927:5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Proteins; C548592:ALOX5AP protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases; C043134:leukotriene A4 hydrolase