title: Early allergic sensitizations and their relevance to atopic diseases in children aged 6 years: results of the GINI study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only a few studies have analyzed the value of early sensitization in predicting the development of atopic disease. The relevance of low immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibody levels in this respect also remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relevance of sensitization in 12-month-old children in the development of atopic disease by the age of 6 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data for 1290 children with a positive family history of atopy from the prospective, multicenter German Infant Nutritional Intervention (GINIplus) study and investigated the relationship between the presence of detectable specific IgE antibodies at the age of 12 months and the development of atopic disease by the age of 6 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 10.9% of children analyzed developed sensitization. At the age of 6 years, 20.6% of children with early sensitization had eczema compared to 9.4% of those without (odds ratio [OR], 2.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-3.74). The corresponding figures were 15.4% vs 7.3% for allergic rhinitis (OR, 2.22; CI, 1.31-3.78) and 10.2% vs 2.6% (OR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.98-7.76) for asthma. Children with early sensitization to aeroallergens had the greatest risk of subsequent atopic disease. Early sensitization did not increase risk in children without eczema within the first year of life. Very low specific IgE levels (0.18-0.34 kU/L) were not significantly associated with any of the outcomes analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sensitization to common food allergens and to aeroallergens in particular during the first year of life was found to be a strong predictor for the development of atopic disease by the age of 6 years in children with a positive family history of atopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brockow
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zutavern
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grübl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Berg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Filipiak
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berdel
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D007073:Immunoglobulin E