title: Propyl gallate inhibits the growth of HeLa cells via regulating intracellular GSH level.
abstract: Propyl gallate (PG) as a synthetic antioxidant exerts a variety of effects on tissue and cells. Here, we investigated an involvement of glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PG-induced inhibition of HeLa cell growth. PG dose-dependently inhibited HeLa cell growth and induced apoptosis at 24h. The intracellular ROS levels including O(2)(-) were increased or decreased in PG-treated HeLa cells depending on the incubation times (1 or 24h) and doses (100-1600 microM). PG increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in HeLa cells. PG significantly increased GSH depleted cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 2 mM N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC; a well known antioxidant) slightly prevented 400 microM PG-induced cell death, which was accompanied by an increase in ROS level and a decrease in GSH depletion level. PG induced a G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle. NAC did not affect the cell cycle distributions in PG treated- or untreated-HeLa cells. Conclusively, PG inhibited the growth of HeLa cells via regulating GSH level rather than ROS level. Our present data could provide useful information on the molecular anti-growth mechanisms of PG in cancer cells in relation to ROS and GSH level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, JeonJu 561-180, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Woo Hyun
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D011435:Propyl Gallate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011435:Propyl Gallate; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine