title: Detection of macular photocoagulation scars with confocal infrared reflection imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the diagnostic reliability (specificity and sensitivity) of confocal infrared reflection in detecting threshold argon laser photocoagulation scars in the macula.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six maculae with diabetic macular edema were evaluated by biomicroscopic slit-lamp fundus examination, digital color fundus photography, digital fundus fluorescein angiography, and digital infrared reflection images. Three examiners evaluated whether the eye had undergone any laser photopexy in the macula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity, specificity, and false-positive and false-negative results were calculated for each method. Fluorescein fundus angiography and infrared imaging, although using different approaches, both detect pigment epithelium changes such as laser scars. It seems that both methods are of equal specificity. On the other hand, both biomicroscopic fundus examination and digital color photography showed poor reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infrared reflection imaging is an easy, noninvasive method with excellent sensitivity and specificity in detecting photocoagulation scars from previous threshold laser treatment. It may be useful in estimating photocoagulated areas, especially if threshold treatment has been applied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kotoula
authors.forename: Dimitrios Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Chatzoulis
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tahmitzi
authors.forename: Evangelia E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Tsironi
mesh_terms: D002921:Cicatrix / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000601:surgery*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D054020:Lasers, Gas / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000601:surgery*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012607:Scotoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity