title: Identification of influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus during rhinopharyngitis in a group of Mexican children with asthma and wheezing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Viral infections can promote allergic sensitization in genetically susceptible individuals. Besides, they are the main cause of wheezing in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the frequency with which influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause rhinopharyngitis in patients with asthma and wheezing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal, prospective study in which 168 patients with asthma and wheezing, who attended the outpatient allergy clinic of the National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico, during the spring (from April through June), with clinical signs and symptoms of rhinopharyngitis were included. Samples of nasal secretions were taken with a long swab, and identification of RSV, adenovirus, infuenza A and B and parainfluenzae 1, 2 and 3 by means of direct immunofluorescence (DI) was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples of nasal secretions were taken in 100 children with asthma and 68 with wheezing, aged 2-17 years. Viral identification was positive in 75% and 44.1% of the patients, respectively. By age group, RSV predominated among children in preschool age; and influenza A among children in school age and adolescents. Influenza A, adenovirus and parinfluenza 3 were identified more frequently in asthmatic children, whereas influenza A and RSV in patients with wheezing. Coinfection of two viruses was found in 17.1% of all patients with positive DI; the most frequent association was parainfluenza 1 and 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Viral identification by means of DI is a fast and non-invasive technique that could favor the early beginning of antiviral treatments in children with asthma and wheezing.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico. apiger3@yahoo.com.mx
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: López Pérez
authors.forename: Blanca María
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Morfín Maciel
authors.forename: Natividad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Navarrete
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguirre
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000821:virology; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D018098:Paramyxovirinae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology*; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010253:Respirovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D019351:Rubulavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology