title: Efficacy of a program to prevent beryllium sensitization among new employees at a copper-beryllium alloy processing facility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2000, 7% of workers at a copper-beryllium facility were beryllium sensitized. Risk was associated with work near a wire annealing/pickling process. The facility then implemented a preventive program including particle migration control, respiratory and dermal protection, and process enclosure. We assessed the program's efficacy in preventing beryllium sensitization.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2000, the facility began testing new hires (program workers) with beryllium lymphocyte proliferation tests (BeLPTs) at hire and at intervals during employment. We compared sensitization incidence rates (IRs) and prevalence rates for workers hired before the program (legacy workers) with rates for program workers, including program worker subgroups. We also examined trends in BeLPTs from a single laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, five of 43 legacy workers (IR = 3.8/1,000 person-months) and three of 82 program workers (IR = 1.9/1,000 person-months) were beryllium sensitized, for an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5, 10.1). Two of 37 pre-enclosure program workers (IR = 2.4/1,000 person-months) and one of 45 post-enclosure program workers (IR = 1.4/1,000 person-months) were beryllium sensitized, for IRRs of 1.6 (95% CI 0.3, 11.9) and 2.8 (95% CI 0.4, 66.2), respectively, compared with legacy workers. Test for trend in prevalence rates was significant. Among 2,159 first-draw BeLPTs during 95 months, we identified seven months when high numbers of redraws were required, with one possible misclassification in this facility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fewer workers became sensitized after implementation of the preventive program. However, low statistical power due to the facility's small workforce prevents a definitive conclusion about the program's efficacy. These findings have implications for other copper-beryllium facilities, where program components may merit application.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Field Studies Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd., MS-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Carrie.Thomas@cdc.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Deubner
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kreiss
authors.forename: Christine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Schuler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000506:poisoning*; D001607:Berylliosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001608:Beryllium / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D002617:Chemical Industry / Q000592:standards*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D004391:Dust; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011481:Protective Clothing; D011482:Protective Devices; D012307:Risk Factors; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D004391:Dust; D003300:Copper; D001608:Beryllium