title: The relationship between clustering health-promoting components of lifestyle and bone status among middle-aged women in a general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between clustering health-promoting components of lifestyle and bone status was examined among middle-aged women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tadami Town, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, in 2007. A total of 305 middle-aged women (mean age 55.2 years) participated. The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II was used to assess health-promoting components of lifestyle. Participants' bone status was examined using quantitative ultrasonic calcaneal measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 139 participants (45.6%) were defined as having low bone stiffness. In the low bone stiffness group, the mean age was significantly higher, and prevalence of interpersonal relationships score over 3.0 was lower than that in the normal bone stiffness group. There were significant trends in the prevalence of low bone stiffness, each health-promoting component of lifestyle, and presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, based on the number of frequently selected health-promoting components of lifestyle. The number of frequently selected health-promoting components of lifestyle correlated negatively with the prevalence of low bone stiffness in both crude and adjusted results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research is particularly important as we suggest health-promotion strategies for the prevention of osteoporosis. A synthetic approach, which includes health responsibility, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations, and stress management, and physical activity and nutrition, may be effective and complement traditional strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan, tsuboi@fmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Takehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Tetsuhito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukushima