title: Randomized, crossover, single-blind, placebo-controlled, human pharmacology clinical trial with desoxypeganine, a new cholinesterase and selective MAO-A inhibitor: multiple-dose pharmacokinetics.
abstract: Desoxypeganine, a naturally occurring alkaloid, is being developed for its potential utility in the pharmacological treatment of alcohol abuse to reduce craving and depression in alcohol abusers, and might also be useful as a smoking cessation aid. During the preclinical development it was characterized as a cholinesterase inhibitor, acting preferentially on butyrylcholinesterase, and as a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A but not monoamine oxidase B.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present human pharmacology clinical trial was to assess the oral bioavailability, pharmacokinetic profile and tolerability of desoxypeganine, administered in a multiple-dose regimen to healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen healthy adult volunteers of both sexes received placebo, 50 mg and 100 mg desoxypeganine (b.i.d. for 3 days) in a single-blind, crossover, randomized manner. Main pharmacokinetic parameters after single and multiple doses were estimated. Clinical tolerability and clinical laboratory safety, including effect on QTc interval, were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-compartmental estimations of Cmax, AUC, tmax, t1/2 and MRT at 12-h intervals are given. No significant dose effect was observed in tmax, t1/2 and MRT. Cmax and AUC are approximately double with the dose of 100 mg comparing with the dose of 50 mg. A significant increase (p < 0.05) on Cmax and AUC was also obtained with the highest dose administered in comparison with the lowest one, revealing a slight but clinically insignificant accumulation. Steady state of drug concentration was reached in both genders during the study period. Plasma protein binding of desoxypeganine amounted to approximately 18%. No severe adverse events were recorded and none of the subjects suffered from any adverse event that led to withdrawal from the study. Most frequently recorded adverse event was dizziness. No significant effects of desoxypeganine on vital signs, laboratory parameters or QTc interval were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present clinical trial describes the pharmacokinetic profile of two doses of desoxypeganine, administered orally in multiple dose to healthy volunteers. The drug was well tolerated without any severe clinical, clinical laboratory, or ECG adverse events being recorded.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Unit, Hospital Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. jaime.algorta@ehu.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Algorta
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maraschiello
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maruhn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Windisch
authors.forename: H A M
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Mucke
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; C499396:desoxypeganine 1