title: Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy enhanced wound healing via increasing topical blood perfusion and tissue regeneration in a rat model of STZ-induced diabetes.
abstract: Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) has a significant positive effect in accelerating chronic wound healing. However, the bio-mechanisms operating during ESWT of wounds remain unclear. This study investigated the effectiveness of ESWT in the enhancement of diabetic wound healing. A dorsal skin defect (area, 6 x 5 cm) in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes rodent model was used. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Group I consisted of nondiabetic control; group II included diabetic control receiving no ESWT; group III included rats that underwent one session of ESWT (ESW-1) on day 3 (800 impulses at 0.09 mJ/mm(2)) postwounding; group IV included rats that underwent two sessions of ESWT (ESW-2) on days 3 and 7; and group V included rats that underwent three sessions of ESWT (ESW-3) on days 3, 7, and 10. The wound healing was assessed clinically. Blood perfusion scan was performed with laser Doppler. The VEGF, eNOS, and PCNA were analyzed with immunohistochemical stain. The results revealed that the wound size was significantly reduced in the ESWT-treated rats, especially in the ESW-2 and ESW-3 groups, as compared with the control (p<0.01). Blood perfusion was significantly increased after ESWT compared with the controls. Histological findings revealed a significant reduction in the topical pro-inflammatory reaction in the ESWT group as compared with the control. In immunohistochemical stain, significant increases in VEGF, eNOS, and PCNA expressions were observed in the ESWT group, especially in the ESW-2 and ESW-3 groups, as compared with the control. In conclusion, treatment with an optimal session of ESWT significantly enhanced diabetic wound healing associated with increased neo-angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, and topical anti-inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung 83305, Taiwan. kuoyr@adm.cgmh.org.tw
authors.forename: Yur-Ren
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chun-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Feng-Sheng
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuan-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Ching-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C095157:ENO1 protein, human; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase