title: cExternal beam radiation results in minimal changes in post void residual urine volumes during the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the impact of external beam radiation therapy (XRT) on weekly ultrasound determined post-void residual (PVR) urine volumes in patients with prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  125 patients received XRT for clinically localized prostate cancer. XRT was delivered to the prostate only (n = 66) or if the risk of lymph node involvement was greater than 10% to the whole pelvis followed by a prostate boost (n = 59). All patients were irradiated in the prone position in a custom hip-fix mobilization device with an empty bladder and rectum. PVR was obtained at baseline and weekly. Multiple clinical and treatment parameters were evaluated as predictors for weekly PVR changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age was 73.9 years with a mean pre-treatment prostate volume of 53.3 cc, a mean IPSS of 11.3 and a mean baseline PVR of 57.6 cc. During treatment, PVR decreased from baseline in both cohorts with the absolute difference within the limits of accuracy of the bladder scanner. Alpha-blockers did not predict for a lower PVR during treatment. There was no significant difference in mean PVR urine volumes or differences from baseline in either the prostate only or pelvic radiation groups (p = 0.664 and p = 0.458, respectively). Patients with a larger baseline PVR (>40 cc) had a greater reduction in PVR, although the greatest reduction was seen between weeks one and three. Patients with a small PVR (<40 cc) had no demonstrable change throughout treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostate XRT results in clinically insignificant changes in weekly PVR volumes, suggesting that radiation induced bladder irritation does not substantially influence bladder residual urine volumes.
authors.affiliation: Brooke Army Medical Center Department of Radiation Oncology, Ft. Sam, Houston, TX 78234, USA. peter.orio@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Orio
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.forename: Zachariah A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Wayne M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Kent E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kurko
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Galbreath
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014554:Urination / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014563:Urodynamics