title: The pancreatic zymogen granule membrane protein, GP2, binds Escherichia coli Type 1 fimbriae.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  GP2 is the major membrane protein present in the pancreatic zymogen granule, and is cleaved and released into the pancreatic duct along with exocrine secretions. The function of GP2 is unknown. GP2's amino acid sequence is most similar to that of uromodulin, which is secreted by the kidney. Recent studies have demonstrated uromodulin binding to bacterial Type 1 fimbria. The fimbriae serve as adhesins to host receptors. The present study examines whether GP2 also shares similar binding properties to bacteria with Type 1 fimbria. Commensal and pathogenic bacteria, including E. coli and Salmonella, express type 1 fimbria.
  
  
  METHODS
  An in vitro binding assay was used to assay the binding of recombinant GP2 to defined strains of E. coli that differ in their expression of Type 1 fimbria or its subunit protein, FimH. Studies were also performed to determine whether GP2 binding is dependent on the presence of mannose residues, which is a known determinant for FimH binding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GP2 binds E. coli that express Type 1 fimbria. Binding is dependent on GP2 glycosylation, and specifically the presence of mannose residues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GP2 binds to Type 1 fimbria, a bacterial adhesin that is commonly expressed by members of the Enterobacteriacae family.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University, Department of Medicine and Stanford Digestive Disease Center, Stanford, USA. susan.suyu@gmail.com
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Anson W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism*; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008358:Mannose / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009088:Mucoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D058949:Uromodulin
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C489339:GP2 protein, human; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009088:Mucoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C548612:UMOD protein, human; D058949:Uromodulin; C076610:fimbriae receptor, type 1; D008358:Mannose