title: Syngeneic bone marrow mononuclear cells improve pulmonary arterial hypertension through vascular endothelial growth factor upregulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the effects and possible mechanism of syngeneic bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) transplantation on pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by monocrotaline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocrotaline (80 mg/kg body weight) was administrated to C57BL/6 mice, and pulmonary arterial hypertension was induced 4 weeks later. Bone marrow mononuclear cells harvested from syngeneic donor mice were injected intravenously into those mice 4 weeks after monocrotaline administration. The ratio of right ventricular to septum plus left ventricular weight, the number of small pulmonary arteries, and medial thickness of pulmonary arteries were measured. Western immunoblotting of the lung tissue was performed to observe vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor expression 1 week after BM-MNC transplantation. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor was administered to pulmonary arterial hypertension mice simultaneously with BM-MNC transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of right ventricular to septum plus left ventricular weight increased, the number of pulmonary arteries decreased, and medial thickness increased significantly 4 weeks after monocrotaline injection compared with those of vehicle-injected mice. These indices of monocrotaline-injected mice improved significantly 4 weeks after BM-MNC transplantation compared with those of mice at 8 weeks after monocrotaline injection (0.22 +/- 0.02 versus 0.31 +/- 0.02; 17.1 +/- 2.6 versus 8.2 +/- 1.7; 7.7% +/- 2.2% versus 20% +/- 2.1%, respectively; p < 0.01). However, BM-MNCs were not incorporated into the lung at 1 week after transplantation, and significant vascular endothelial growth factor upregulation and without receptor expression was observed in lung tissue 1 week after transplantation. Improvement of pulmonary arterial hypertension was inhibited by simultaneous administration of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor with BM-MNC transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that syngeneic BM-MNC transplantation improves monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by favorable pulmonary artery remodeling through vascular endothelial growth factor upregulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Homare
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitaichi
authors.forename: Masahisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urata
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurobe
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanbara
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motoki
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016686:Monocrotaline; D009000:Monocytes / Q000637:transplantation*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014185:Transplantation, Isogeneic; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016686:Monocrotaline; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor