title: Parametric mapping of 5HT1A receptor sites in the human brain with the Hypotime method: theory and normal values.
abstract: The radioligand [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635 ((11)C-WAY) is a PET tracer of the serotonin 5HT(1A) receptors in the human brain. It is metabolized so rapidly in the circulation that it behaves more as a chemical microsphere than as a tracer subject to continuous exchange between the circulation and brain tissue. Although reference tissue methods are useful as analyses of uptake of some radioligands with indeterminate arterial input functions, their use to analyze (11)C-WAY uptake and binding is challenged by the rapid plasma metabolism, which violates the assumption that regions of interest and reference regions continue to exchange radioligand with the circulation during the entire uptake period. Here, we proposed a method of calculation (Hypotime) that specifically uses the washout rather than the accumulation of (11)C-WAY to determine binding potentials (BP(ND)), without the use of regression analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 19 healthy volunteers (age range, 23-73 y) underwent PET to test the Hypotime application of the chemical microsphere properties of (11)C-WAY to identify regions of binding and nonbinding on the exclusive basis of the rate of washout of (11)C-WAY.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the Hypotime method were compared with the simplified but multilinearized reference tissue method (MLSRTM). The distribution of receptor BP(ND) obtained with Hypotime was consistent with previous autoradiography of postmortem brain tissue, with the highest values of BP(ND) recorded in the medial temporal lobe and decline of receptor availability with age. The values in the basal ganglia and cerebellum were negligible. The MLSRTM, in contrast, yielded lower BP(ND) in all regions and only weakly revealed the decline with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simple and computationally efficient Hypotime method gave reliable values of BP(ND) without the use of regression. The MLSRTM, on the other hand, appeared to be affected by the early disappearance of the radioligand from the circulation and the associated uncertain late presence of (11)C-WAY in the circulation.
authors.affiliation: Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. moller@pet.auh.dk
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodell
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gjedde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D010879:Piperazines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010879:Piperazines; D011725:Pyridines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C112544:desmethyl-WAY 100635; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A