title: Endothelin-1 expression in prostate cancer and high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prognostic value of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoconstrictor involved in differentiation and growth of cancer, in prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tissue microarray was constructed of 287 prostate cancers from radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens with median follow-up of 48.9 months. Slides were immunostained for ET-1. Intensity and extent of immunoreactivity and their product (IRp) were evaluated. We separately arrayed benign prostatic tissue, atrophy, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostate cancer from 40 men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ET-1 expression was stronger in both HGPIN and cancer than in benign tissue (p < 0.001). The intensity and the IRp of ET-1 predicted biochemical recurrence (p < 0.001 and p = 0.044, respectively), while the staining extent showed no significant correlation with outcome (p = 0.68). Recurrence-free survival in patients with strong ET-1 staining was shorter than in those with weaker expression (hazard ratio [CI 95%] 2.44 [1.55-3.84], p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis including ET-1 expression, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), extraprostatic extension, margin status, seminal vesicle invasion and Gleason score, only PSA, margins and Gleason score remained significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ET-1 is overexpressed in localized prostate cancer and predicts outcome after RP in univariate analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valdman
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez-Beltran
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montironi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ekman
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Egevad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019332:Endothelin-1