title: Immediate cardiovascular effects of the Taser X26 conducted electrical weapon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the immediate cardiac and cardiovascular effects of Taser X26 conducted electrical weapon (CEW) exposure in human volunteers, including heart rhythm, rate and blood pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer police officers participating in CEW training and testing each underwent a 5, 3 and 1 s exposure to the Taser X26 CEW. Continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring was performed before, during and after each exposure. Blood pressures were measured at rest before and within 1 minute after each exposure. Paired sample t-test analysis and confidence interval calculations were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  84 Taser exposures were monitored among 28 subjects (24 men, four women) with an average age of 34 years (range 24-46, SD 5.6). No cardiac dysrhythmias or aberrantly conducted beats were seen. Mean heart rate increased by 10.9 beats per minute (bpm) (95% CI 8.2 to 13.7) from 121.7 to 132.6 (p<0.001). The QRS and QTc cardiac intervals did not change significantly. Mean blood pressure increased from 138.6/82.8 mm Hg at rest to 145.8/85.6 mm Hg after the standard 5-s CEW discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEW exposure produced no detectable dysrhythmias and a statistically significant increase in heart rate. Overall, Taser CEW exposure appears to be safe and well tolerated from a cardiovascular standpoint in this population. This study increases the cumulative human subject experience of CEW exposure with continuous ECG monitoring and includes 28 full 5-s exposures.
authors.affiliation: WFU Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC 27106-1089, USA. wbozeman@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Bozeman
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Winslow
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D004556:Electric Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004597:Electroshock / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054041:Weapons; D055815:Young Adult