title: [Clinical analysis of 23 lung cancer patients accompanied by pulmonary embolism].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common complication in lung cancer patients with a high misdiagnosis rate and high mortality. This study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment approaches for lung cancer accompanied by PE, thus to improve the diagnosis and treatment efficacy of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical manifestations, comorbid conditions, risk factors, laboratory (indirect) and imaging examinations (direct) and treatment methods of 23 lung cancer patients with PE were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 23 patients, 14(60.87%) had hypoxemia, all (100%) had elevated serum D-dimer, 11 (47.83%) had characteristic changes in electrocardiogram. Ten out of 12 cases (83.33%) examined by computed tomography angiography were found filling defect in the pulmonary artery; all two case receiving isotope perfusion scanning were detected segmental perfusion defect in the lung; one case undergoing MRI was found segmental filling defect in the pulmonary artery; and one case was discovered the direct sign of PE by pulmonary arteriography. The medium survival time (MST) of five cases who received symptomatic treatment was 13 days, of four cases who received thrombolysis therapy was 22.5 days, of 12 cases who underwent anticoagulation and chemotherapy was 93 days, and of two cases who were only given anticoagulant therapy were 70 days and 189 days respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnosis of lung cancer accompanied by PE mainly depends on direct examinations. Thrombolysis and anticoagulation therapy are recommended for those patients. In addition, chemotherapy may also be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Zhe-Hai
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zuo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator