title: Changes in childhood risk taking and safety behavior after a peer group media intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Risk taking is a significant health-compromising behavior among children that often is portrayed unrealistically in the media as consequence-free. Physical risk taking can lead to injury, and injury is a leading cause of hospitalization and death during childhood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 4-week program for school-age children in reducing risk-taking behaviors and increasing safety behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-group, experimental, repeated-measures design was used to compare 122 White and Latino children randomly assigned to an intervention group or a wait-list group at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after intervention. Children received a behaviorally based intervention delivered in four 2-hour segments conducted over consecutive weeks. The thematic concept of each week (choices, media, personal risk taking, and peer group risk taking) moved from the general to the specific, focusing on knowledge and awareness, the acquisition of new skills and behaviors, and the supportive practice and application of skills.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants increased their safety behaviors (p = .006), but risk-taking behaviors remained unchanged. Families in the intervention group increased their consistent use of media rules (p = .022), but decreases in media alternatives suggest difficulty in taking up other habits and activities. Coping effectiveness was predictive of safety behaviors (p = .005) at 6 months, and coping effectiveness plus television watching was predictive of risk taking (p = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this study suggest that interventions that influence children's media experiences help enhance safety behaviors and that strategies to aid parents in finding media alternatives are relevant to explore.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Health Care, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Christine.Kennedy@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Jyu-Lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010379:Peer Group; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012951:Socialization; D013690:Television; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*