title: Modulator effects of L-carnitine and selenium on wireless devices (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative stress and electroencephalography records in brain of rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from wireless devices may affect biological systems by increasing free radicals. The present study was designed to determine the effects of 2.45 GHz EMR on the brain antioxidant redox system and electroencephalography (EEG) records in rat. The possible protective effects of selenium and L-carnitine were also tested and compared to untreated controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty rats were equally divided into five different groups, namely Group A(1): Cage control, Group A(2): Sham control, group B: 2.45 GHz EMR, group C: 2.45 GHz EMR + selenium, group D: 2.45 GHz EMR + L-carnitine. Groups B, C and D were exposed to 2.45 GHz EMR during 60 min/day for 28 days. End of the experiments, EEG records and the brain cortex samples were taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cortex brain vitamin A (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.01) and vitamin E (p < 0.05) concentrations values were lower in group B than in group A1 and A2 although their concentrations were increased by selenium and L-carnitine supplementation. Lipid peroxidation, levels were lower in group C (p < 0.05) and D (p < 0.01) than in group B where as reduced glutathione levels were higher in group C (p < 0.05) than in group A1, A2 and B. However, B-carotene levels did not change in the five groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  L-carnitine and selenium seem to have protective effects on the 2.45 GHz-induced decrease of the vitamins by supporting antioxidant redox system. L-carnitine on the vitamin concentrations seems to more protective affect than in selenium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. mnaziroglu@med.sdu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naziroğlu
authors.forename: Nurhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gümral
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002331:Carnitine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012643:Selenium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D014810:Vitamin E; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione; D012643:Selenium; D002331:Carnitine