title: Flexibility and practicality graz brain-computer interface approach.
abstract: "Graz brain-computer interface (BCI)" transforms changes in oscillatory electroencephalogram (EEG) activity into control signals for external devices and feedback. Steady-state evoked potentials (SSEPs) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) are employed to encode user messages. User-specific setup and training are important issues for robust and reliable classification. Furthermore, in order to implement small and thus affordable systems, focus is put on the minimization of the number of EEG sensors. The system also supports the self-paced operation mode, that is, users have on-demand access to the system at any time and can autonomously initiate communication. Flexibility, usability, and practicality are essential to increase user acceptance. Here, we illustrate the possibilities offered by now from EEG-based communication. Results of several studies with able-bodied and disabled individuals performed inside the laboratory and in real-world environments are presented; their characteristics are shown and open issues are mentioned. The applications include the control of neuroprostheses and spelling devices, the interaction with Virtual Reality, and the operation of off-the-shelf software such as Google Earth.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: Gernot R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Müller-Putz
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pfurtscheller
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology*; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D014584:User-Computer Interface