title: A pilot study of a nursing intervention protocol to minimize maternal-infant separation after Cesarean birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To pilot test a standardized intraoperative and postoperative nursing intervention protocol to minimize maternal-infant separation after Cesarean.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 250-bed acute care community hospital labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum unit with approximately 150 repeat Cesarean deliveries per year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty women having a live, term, singleton, repeat Cesarean delivery and their newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized nursing intervention protocol was designed and administered to minimize the amount of maternal-infant spatial, tactile, olfactory, auditory, and visual separation post-Cesarean.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal outcomes included maternal pain, anxiety, and childbirth perception. Infant outcomes included respiratory rate, temperature, stress (infant salivary cortisol), and breastfeeding rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, the intervention group experienced earlier first physical contact and feedings and a longer interval until the infant first bath. Differences were found between treatment groups for infant temperatures and respiratory rates. Three infants in the control group experienced suboptimal temperatures. Infants in the intervention group had significantly higher salivary cortisol levels but were within the normal upper level range. No differences were noted in maternal pain, maternal anxiety, or perception of birth experience among treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pilot was valuable in examining intervention feasibility, appropriate outcome measures, and data collection strategies. The standardized intervention protocol shows promise for positively affecting maternal-infant outcomes after Cesarean delivery and merits further testing.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA. anolan@fgcu.edu
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lawrence
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000451:nursing*; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009769:Object Attachment; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000451:nursing*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*; D014481:United States