title: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in adults: treatment results after long-term follow-up with special reference to adjuvant interferon-beta in undifferentiated carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are radiosensitive, and radiotherapy is the standard curative treatment. Furthermore, it has been shown that combined radiochemotherapy improves prognosis in locally advanced stages. Further encouraging results have been obtained with adjuvant interferon-beta after primary radio(chemo)therapy in childhood undifferentiated NPC. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the treatment results after long-term follow-up after radio(chemo)therapy for adult NPC with special reference to patients with undifferentiated carcinomas treated with adjuvant interferon-beta.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 02/1992 to 07/2008, 26 adult patients with NPC without distant metastases were treated (17 squamous cell carcinomas, 9 undifferentiated carcinomas). The treatment concepts changed over the years: 13 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone, 13 patients received combined radiochemotherapy. Additionally, six patients with undifferentiated carcinomas were treated with adjuvant interferon-beta after radiochemotherapy for 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 96 months, 17 patients remain alive. Collectively, our 5-year overall-survival and loco-regional control rates were 74% (radiochemotherapy 81%, radiotherapy alone 68.5%) and 87% (radiochemotherapy 100%, radiotherapy alone 72.7%), respectively. All treatment regimens used were feasible; especially, adjuvant interferon-beta was applied as provided without high grade toxicity. All patients with undifferentiated carcinomas treated with adjuvant interferon-beta stayed alive until the end of the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, our data affirm that NPC in adults are curable by primary radio(chemo)therapy. Furthermore, our data indicate that adjuvant interferon-beta application in undifferentiated NPC in adults is feasible and shows promising results. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to finally establish adjuvant interferon beta in curative treatment of adult NPC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany. hendrik.wolff@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: Hendrik Andreas
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Ralph M W
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rödel
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gunawan
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Overbeck
authors.forename: Markus K A
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hennies
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hille
authors.forename: Hilke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vorwerk
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matthias
authors.forename: Clemens F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002277:Carcinoma; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052016:Mucositis / Q000209:etiology; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016899:Interferon-beta