title: Reinjury after acute lateral ankle sprains in elite track and field athletes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lateral ankle sprains can lead to persistent disability in athletes. The authors studied the effect of a lateral ankle sprain on reinjury occurrence in the same region.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  There will be no difference in reinjury rate between low-grade (grades I and II) and high-grade (IIIA and IIIB) acute lateral ankle sprains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 1.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1996 to 2004, the authors managed 202 elite Greek track and field athletes for an acute lateral ankle sprain. Sprains were classified into 4 degrees (I, II, IIIA, and IIIB). The same rehabilitation protocol was prescribed for all the athletes. The rate of a lateral ankle reinjury was recorded in the 24 months following injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a follow-up of 24 months, 36 of 202 athletes (17.8%) experienced a second lateral ankle sprain. Of the 79 athletes with a grade I injury, 11 (14%) experienced a recurrence during the study period. Of the 81 athletes with a grade II injury, 23 (29%) experienced a recurrence during the study period. Of the 36 athletes with a grade IIIA injury, 2 (5.6%) experienced a recurrence during the study period. Of the 6 athletes with a grade IIIB injury, none experienced a recurrence during the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Athletes with a grade I or II lateral ankle sprain are at higher risk of experiencing a reinjury. Low-grade acute lateral ankle sprains result in a higher risk of reinjury than high-grade acute lateral ankle sprains.
authors.affiliation: National Track & Field Centre, Sports Injury Clinic, Sports Medicine Clinic of S.E.G.A.S., Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Malliaropoulos
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ntessalen
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papacostas
authors.forename: Umile Giuseppe
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maffulli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000145:classification*; D014142:Track and Field / Q000293:injuries*; D055815:Young Adult