title: Role of interventional radiology in the treatment of patients with neuroendocrine metastases in the liver.
abstract: Management of liver metastasis from neuroendocrine tumors routinely includes an interventional radiologist. Hepatic artery embolization, either bland (transarterial embolization) or with chemotherapy (transarterial chemoembolization), has been shown to improve response rates in neuroendocrine metastases to the liver. Radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy, and percutaneous alcohol ablation are important adjuncts or alternative treatments to surgical debulking. In this article, the authors examine important techniques in the armamentarium of the interventional radiologist.
authors.affiliation: Neuroendocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA. larry.kvols@moffitt.org
authors.forename: Larry K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Kvols
authors.forename: Kiran K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Turaga
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strosberg
authors.forename: Junsung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D017115:Catheter Ablation; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D003452:Cryosurgery; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012997:Solvents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012997:Solvents; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes; D000431:Ethanol