title: Chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of glutathione in biological samples.
abstract: Biological thiol compounds are classified into high-molecular-mass protein thiols and low-molecular-mass free thiols. Endogenous low-molecular-mass thiol compounds, namely, reduced glutathione (GSH) and its corresponding disulfide, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), are very important molecules that participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. GSH plays an essential role in protecting cells from oxidative and nitrosative stress and GSSG can be converted into the reduced form by action of glutathione reductase. Measurement of GSH and GSSG is a useful indicator of oxidative stress and disease risk. Many publications have reported successful determination of GSH and GSSG in biological samples. In this article, we review newly developed techniques, such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, for identifying GSH bound to proteins, or for localizing GSH in bound or free forms at specific sites in organs and in cellular locations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide