title: Developmental defects of enamel in children of Davangere District and their relationship to fluoride levels in drinking water.
abstract: To assess the prevalence and severity of developmental defects and their relationship to fluoride levels in drinking water. 739 (406 male and 333 female) schoolchildren aged 13 years formed the study population. We used the ion selective electrode method to estimate the fluoride concentration in drinking water. A modified developmental defects of enamel index was used for recording the developmental defects. The Karl Pearson coefficient for correlation and the chi-square test were used for statistical estimation. The fluoride concentration ranged from 0.64 to 2.64 ppm. The prevalence of developmental defects was 88.5%. The most common type of defect was diffuse opacity in 61.2% of the children. There was a significant positive correlation between the type (r=0.85; P<.001) and extent (r=0.92; P<.001) of developmental defects in relation to fluoride levels in drinking water. The observed prevalence demonstrates the need to ascertain factors other than fluoride levels in drinking water that could contribute to its occurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kothiwal Dental College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. amug3r@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Gayathri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagarajappa
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raghunath
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manohar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000002:abnormalities*; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005459:Fluorides