title: The neural basis of sustained and transient attentional control in young adults with ADHD.
abstract: Differences in neural activation during performance on an attentionally demanding Stroop task were examined between 23 young adults with ADHD carefully selected to not be co-morbid for other psychiatric disorders and 23 matched controls. A hybrid blocked/single-trial design allowed for examination of more sustained vs. more transient aspects of attentional control. Our results indicated neural dysregulation across a wide range of brain regions including those involved in overall arousal, top-down attentional control, response selection, and inhibition. Furthermore, this dysregulation was most notable in lateral regions of DLPFC for sustained attentional control and in medial areas for transient aspects of attentional control. Because of the careful selection and matching of our two groups, these results provide strong evidence that the neural systems of attentional control are dysregulated in young adults with ADHD and are similar to dysregulations seen in children and adolescents with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0344, USA. Marie.Banich@colorado.edu
authors.forename: Marie T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Banich
authors.forename: Gregory C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Brendan E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Depue
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruzic
authors.forename: L Cinnamon
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Bidwell
authors.forename: Sena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hitt-Laustsen
authors.forename: Yiping P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Erik G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Willcutt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007360:Intelligence; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen