title: Characterization of the Apa antigen from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a conserved Mycobacterium antigen that elicits a strong humoral response in cattle.
abstract: Johne's disease or paratuberculosis is widespread in almost all countries and remains difficult to eradicate. Nowadays, diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MPTB) infection is one of the main concerns. In this work, we evaluated the expression, biochemical properties and antigenicity of the Apa antigen, encoded by the gene annotated as MAP1569, in the MPTB genome. We confirmed its expression in MPTB and its glycosylation by the ConA binding assay. Although the MPTB-Apa is not an immunodominant antigen, MPTB-infected cattle showed a strong humoral response to recombinant Apa by Western blot and ELISA. Milk was also a suitable sample to be tested by ELISA. We comparatively analysed the humoral cross-reactivity to the Apa from MPTB (MPTB-Apa) and the orthologue from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT-Apa, identical to that from Mycobacterium bovis) in both infected and control cows. Response of M. bovis- and MPTB-infected animals against MT-Apa was similar (P=0.6985) but the response of the M. bovis-infected ones to MPTB-Apa was differential, being significantly diminished (P<0.0001). Although 6 out 45 animals from MPTB-infected herds responded to MPTB-Apa stimulation in the IFNgamma release assay, we found no significant differences when compared infected herds with non-infected ones (P=0.34). This antigen, in contrast to bovine Purified Protein Derivative (PPDb), was strongly represented in avian PPD (PPDa), as shown by the recognition of BALB/c mice hyperimmune sera against MPTB-Apa by Dot-blot immunoassay. We therefore demonstrated the antigenicity of Apa in MPTB-infected animals and a differential response to the recombinant antigen when compared to M. bovis-infected animals. These traits herein described, added to the usefulness of milk samples to detect IgG anti-Apa, could be important for routine screening in dairy cattle, considering a multiantigenic approach to overcome the lack of immunodominance.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Institute, CICV y A INTA-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. agioffre@cnia.inta.gov.ar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gioffré
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Echeverría-Valencia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arese
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morsella
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garbaccio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zumárraga
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paolicchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cataldi
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Romano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D005260:Female; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006031:Glycosylation; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008892:Milk / Q000276:immunology; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014373:Tuberculin / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014373:Tuberculin; D007371:Interferon-gamma