title: Cochlear implantation in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of cochlear implantation (CI) on children with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced deafness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four children with congenital CMV-related deafness (CMV group) and 17 children with congenital deafness without CMV infection as the cause of deafness (non-CMV group). The age at CI ranged from 2.0 to 3.3 years (mean, 2.6 yr) in the CMV group and from 1.8 to 3.6 years (mean, 2.6 yr) in the non-CMV group. Their follow-up period ranged from 3.0 to 4.3 years (mean, 3.3 yr) in the CMV group and from 1.6 to 4.3 years (mean, 3.3 yr) in the non-CMV group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation and comparison of preoperative and postoperative hearing levels, motor, social, and language development, Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale, and Enjoji Scale of Infant Analytical Development between the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 12 months after CI, the mean score of both language perception and production was poorer in the CMV group than in the non-CMV group, and the difference in the language production was statistically significant. However, 12 months after CI, the language perception and production showed good progress at levels similar to that of the non-CMV group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term results of the language perception and production after CI was satisfactory in Japanese children with congenital CMV-related deafness compared with in subjects deafened by other causes. CMV alone, as a cause of deafness, is not likely a contraindication for CI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan. y-haruo@f6.dion.ne.jp
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ikue
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumagami
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000151:congenital*; D003638:Deafness / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013060:Speech; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome