title: Cooling intravenous fluids by refrigeration: implications for therapeutic hypothermia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ILCOR recommend the use of therapeutic hypothermia (32-34 degrees C) for 12-24 h in unconscious adult patients with spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest with a VF rhythm. Among various methods of inducing hypothermia, the rapid infusion of ice-cold intravenous fluid has been used.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the time required to cool intravenous fluids in a domestic refrigerator and freezer, bags of compound sodium lactate were placed on the upper shelf of a refrigerator. Continuous temperature measurement was performed for 2 h for 10 500 ml and 10 1000 ml bags. The procedure was then repeated in the freezer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time for 500 ml bags to cool to 4 degrees C or below was 90 minutes or more in a refrigerator and 60-90 minutes in the freezer. 1000 ml bags are cooled to 4 degrees C or below within 120 minutes in the freezer, but it takes longer in a refrigerator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As induced hypothermia should be started as soon as possible in eligible patients, crystalloids should be stored in a refrigerator.
authors.affiliation: Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, UK. y2m2kamel@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ball
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D012034:Refrigeration; D019354:Sodium Lactate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019354:Sodium Lactate