title: [Effects of the injection method of lidocaine on preventing injection pain during anesthesia induction by target controlled infusion with propofol].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a prospective randomized study to assess the effects of preceding lidocaine on the incidence and intensity of propofol-induced pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 360 ASA 1-2 adult patients were randomly allocated to one of six groups of 60 patients each: Group I pretreated with 2 ml saline, II pretreated with 2 ml lidocaine 2%, III pretreated with saline without infusion, IV pretreated with lidocaine without infusion, V pretreated with saline without infusion and restart infusion before propofol into a dorsal hand vein, or VI pretreated with lidocaine without infusion and restart infusion before propofol into a dorsal hand vein. Propofol-induced pain was assessed as none, mild, moderate, or severe. Anesthetic induction time and the hemodynamics were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group IV and VI receiving lidocaine without infusion had a significantly lower incidence and intensity of moderate to severe pain compared with the other groups. Anesthetic induction time in Group III and IV was significantly longer than the other groups. There were no differences among all the groups in the hemodynamics during the induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that pre-administration of lidocaine without infusion and restart infusion before propofol injecting into a dorsal hand vein is clinically useful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mazda Hospital, Hiroshima 730-8585.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kajiyama
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol