title: Age-related changes in centripetal ciliary body movement relative to centripetal lens movement in monkeys.
abstract: The goal was to determine the age-related changes in accommodative movements of the lens and ciliary body in rhesus monkeys. Varying levels of accommodation were stimulated via the Edinger-Westphal (E-W) nucleus in 26 rhesus monkeys, aged 6-27 years, and the refractive changes were measured by coincidence refractometry. Centripetal ciliary process (CP) and lens movements were measured by computerized image analysis of goniovideographic images. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) at 50 MHz was used to visualize and measure accommodative forward movements of the ciliary body in relation to age, accommodative amplitude, and centripetal CP and lens movements. At approximately 3 diopters of accommodation, the amount of centripetal lens movement required did not significantly change with age (p = 0.10; n = 18 monkeys); however, the amount of centripetal CP movement required significantly increased with age (p = 0.01; n = 18 monkeys), while the amount of forward ciliary body movement significantly decreased with age (p = 0.007; n = 11 monkeys). In the middle-aged animals (12-16.5 years), a greater amount of centripetal CP movement was required to induce a given level of lens movement and thereby a given level of accommodation (p = 0.01), compared to the young animals (6-10 yrs). Collectively, the data suggests that, with age, the accommodative system may be attempting to compensate for the loss of forward ciliary body movement by increasing the amount of centripetal CP movement. This, in turn, would allow enough zonular relaxation to achieve the magnitude of centripetal lens movement necessary for a given amplitude of accommodation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792-3284, USA. macroft@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.forename: Jared P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Nivedita V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
authors.forename: Ting-Li
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006068:Gonioscopy / Q000379:methods; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000503:physiopathology*