title: Patterns in trouble sleeping among women at mid-life: results from a British prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although trouble sleeping is a common problem among women at mid-life, patterns in trouble sleeping relating to social and health-related risk factors are unclear. This analysis describes the dynamics of trouble sleeping among women at mid-life.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Survey of Health and Development is a nationally representative study of births in 1946 in England, Scotland, and Wales followed up through mid-life. Multistate life table analysis utilised 893 women interviewed annually between ages 48 to 54 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women spent an average of 2.6 years with trouble sleeping, and the average length of a continuous episode of trouble sleeping was 2.4 years. Among women who reported at least one episode, the average number of episodes was 1.5. Health-related risk factors at age 43 of number of physical conditions, anxiety and depression symptoms, use of prescription medication, and current or past trouble sleeping were related to increased total and per episode duration of trouble sleeping over the 7-year study interval and increased duration per episode. Differences associated with these risk factors ranged from 1.2 to 1.8 years for duration over the study interval and 0.5 to 0.8 years per episode. There was no association between average number of episodes per woman reporting at least one episode and these health-related risk factors at age 43.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides support for association between increased duration of trouble sleeping, in total and per episode, and health risk factors at age 43, suggesting a long-term relationship between risk factors and sleep.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892-9205, USA. tomse@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tom
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuh
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guralnik
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology