title: Effects of mild calorie restriction and high-intensity interval walking in middle-aged and older overweight Japanese.
abstract: We investigated whether a combination of mild calorie restriction (MCR) and high-intensity interval walking (HIW) improved physical fitness more than HIW alone in middle-aged and older overweight Japanese (40-69years old, BMI23.6kg/m(2)). Forty-seven women and 16 men were divided into MCR+HIW and HIW groups. All subjects performed HIW: 5 sets of 3-min low-intensity walking (40% peak aerobic capacity for walking, VO(2peak)) and 3-min high-intensity walking (70% VO(2peak)) per day, 4days per week, for 16weeks while energy expenditure was monitored with a tri-axial accelerometer. The MCR+HIW group consumed meal replacement formula (240kcal): a mixture of low-carbohydrates and -fat and high-protein, for either lunch or dinner everyday and therefore, had approximately 87% of the energy intake of the HIW group during the intervention period. Although the HIW group showed improvements in BMI, blood pressure, and several blood chemicals, the MCR+HIW group had greater improvement. Moreover, the medical expenditure for the 6months including the intervention period was 59% lower in the MCR+HIW group than in the HIW group. Our strategy of a short-term combination of MCR and HIW may thus prevent lifestyle-associated diseases and improve health in middle-aged and older overweight Japanese.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Aging Biology, Institute on Aging and Adaptation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan. jinkos@shinshu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Jinko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sawashita
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onitsuka
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gen-no
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iino
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tateishi
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaiwa
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanaoka
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hama
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nose
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higuchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*