title: Prognostic and diagnostic potential of the structural neuroanatomy of depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression is experienced as a persistent low mood or anhedonia accompanied by behavioural and cognitive disturbances which impair day to day functioning. However, the diagnosis is largely based on self-reported symptoms, and there are no neurobiological markers to guide the choice of treatment. In the present study, we examined the prognostic and diagnostic potential of the structural neural correlates of depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were 37 patients with major depressive disorder (mean age 43.2 years), medication-free, in an acute depressive episode, and 37 healthy individuals. Following the MRI scan, 30 patients underwent treatment with the antidepressant medication fluoxetine or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Of the patients who subsequently achieved clinical remission with antidepressant medication, the whole brain structural neuroanatomy predicted 88.9% of the clinical response, prior to the initiation of treatment (88.9% patients in clinical remission (sensitivity) and 88.9% patients with residual symptoms (specificity), p = 0.01). Accuracy of the structural neuroanatomy as a diagnostic marker though was 67.6% (64.9% patients (sensitivity) and 70.3% healthy individuals (specificity), p = 0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The structural neuroanatomy of depression shows high predictive potential for clinical response to antidepressant medication, while its diagnostic potential is more limited. The present findings provide initial steps towards the development of neurobiological prognostic markers for depression.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sergi G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Costafreda
authors.forename: Carlton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ashburner
authors.forename: Cynthia H Y
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors