title: Markers of bone destruction and formation and periodontitis in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine plasma concentrations of bone metabolism markers in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetic and to evaluate the influence of periodontitis on biomarkers of bone formation in these patient groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen and osteocalcin were measured in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (n=63) and non-diabetics (n=38) who were also subdivided on the basis of their periodontal status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetics had significantly lower osteocalcin concentrations, lower RANKL to OPG ratios and higher OPG concentrations (as shown by other researchers) than non-diabetics. The ratio of RANKL to OPG was altered by the periodontal status. Osteocalcin had a negative correlation and OPG a positive correlation with the percentage of glycated haemoglobin in the blood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because, osteocalcin, a biomarker of bone formation, is lower in patients with periodontitis and in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis than in non-diabetics without periodontitis, this might indicate that diabetics are less able to replace bone lost during active bursts of periodontitis and explain the greater severity of disease seen in studies of patients with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Infection and Immunity Group, Faculty of Medicine, Dental Hospital and School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. d.lappin@dental.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Lappin
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eapen
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Penny J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hodge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000097:blood*; D024042:Collagen Type I; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D010455:Peptides; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000097:blood; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000097:blood; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D011347:Procollagen / Q000097:blood; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011347:Procollagen; D053245:RANK Ligand; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide