title: Surveillance for high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States, 2006-2007.
abstract: In 2006 the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Interior, and cooperating state fish and wildlife agencies began surveillance for high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States. This surveillance effort was highly integrated in California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, and western Montana, with collection of samples coordinated with state agencies. Sampling focused on live wild birds, hunter-killed waterfowl during state hunting seasons, and wild bird mortality events. Of 20,888 samples collected, 18,139 were from order Anseriformes (waterfowl) and 2010 were from order Charadriiformes (shorebirds), representing the two groups of birds regarded to be the primary reservoirs of avian influenza viruses. Although 83 birds were positive by H5 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), no HPAI H5N1 virus was found. Thirty-two virus isolates were obtained from the H5-positive samples, including low-pathogenicity H5 viruses identified as H5N2, H5N3, and H5N9.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI 53711, USA. rdusek@usgs.gov
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dusek
authors.forename: J Bradley
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bortner
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: DeLiberto
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoskins
authors.forename: J Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Franson
authors.forename: Bradley D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Bales
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yparraguirre
authors.forename: Seth R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Swafford
authors.forename: Hon S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ip
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D046090:Anseriformes / Q000821:virology*; D046091:Charadriiformes / Q000821:virology*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000821:virology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States