title: Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy: Are ten cases per year enough to reach the quality standards? A report from a single small-volume transplant center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is the preferred method of kidney donation in high-volume US transplant centers, but for small transplant programs the question of the minimal case load per year necessary to reach the quality standards is open.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1996 to 2007 we performed 130 live kidney donations including 93 laparoscopic donor nephrectomies followed by transplantation in a community hospital with an average case load of 10 laparoscopic cases per year. We compared the results after 37 open and 93 laparoscopic live donor operations with respect to operating time, conversion rate, complications, and recipients' outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in terms of safe outcome of donor patients after open or laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. The mean operating time was significantly shorter (p < 0.001) in the open group (125 min, OG) than in the laparoscopic group (150 min, LG). Mean hospital stay was significantly shorter (p < 0.001) in LG (6.8 days) versus OG (9.7 days). The conversion rate was 3.2% in the LG. Postoperative complication of donors consisted of temporary nerve irritation (two patients) and retroperitoneal hematoma (one patient) in the LG, and wound infection followed by hernia formation (one patient) and ileus 1 year after organ donation (one patient) in the OG. Safe outcome of the recipients after open (RaOD) or laparoscopic donation (RaLD) was similar. Uneventful transplantation occurred in 94.6% of the RaOD and in 92.5% of the RaLD. One kidney was lost due to renal vein thrombosis (RaLD). Mean postoperative creatinine after 4 weeks showed no difference between RaOD (1.6 mg/dl) and RaLD (1.7 mg/dl).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately ten cases per year may be enough to ensure safety and quality of laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department for Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic Cologne-Merheim, Cologne, Germany. stefansaad@aol.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Treckmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarabichi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagelschmidt
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Arns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D010535:Laparoscopy; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000592:standards*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D052096:Warm Ischemia
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine