title: Extensive sequence turnover of the signal peptides of members of the GDF/BMP family: exploring their evolutionary landscape.
abstract: We show that the predicted signal peptide (SP) sequences of the secreted factors GDF9, BMP15 and AMH are well conserved in mammals but dramatic divergence is noticed for more distant orthologs. Interestingly, bioinformatic predictions show that the divergent protein segments do encode SPs. Thus, such SPs have undergone extensive sequence turnover with full preservation of functionality. This can be explained by a pervasive accumulation of neutral and compensatory mutations. An exploration of the potential evolutionary landscape of some SPs is presented. Some of these signal sequences highlight an apparent paradox: they are encoded, by definition, by orthologous DNA segments but they are, given their striking divergence, examples of what can be called functional convergence.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article was reviewed by Fyodor Kondrashov and Eugene V. Koonin.
authors.affiliation: Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France. reiner.veitia@inserm.fr
authors.forename: Reiner A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Veitia
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caburet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D002645:Chickens; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D055412:Growth Differentiation Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D055412:Growth Differentiation Factors; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals