title: Cyclosporine regulates intestinal epithelial apoptosis via TGF-beta-related signaling.
abstract: Cyclosporine is a potent immunomodulator and has a beneficial effect in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We analyzed the mechanism of the effects of cyclosporine on the regulation of epithelial apoptosis via TGF-beta-related signaling, because the balance between the apoptosis and regeneration of epithelial cells seems to be a key factor to maintain the intestinal homeostasis. For this purpose, colitis was induced by treatment of 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and the effect of treatment with cyclosporine and anti-TGF-beta antibody was assessed. Treatment with cyclosporine ameliorated body weight loss, mucosal destruction, and epithelial apoptosis in DSS-induced colitis. Cyclosporine was shown to upregulate the expression of TGF-beta in the colonic tissue, enhance the expression of p-Smad2 and cFLIP in epithelial cells, and inhibit caspase-8 activity but not caspase-1 or -9. Upregulation of cFLIP in the colonic epithelial cells, amelioration of body weight loss, and mucosal destruction by cyclosporine were attenuated by anti-TGF-beta antibody treatment. These results indicated that cyclosporine could have a protective role against epithelial apoptosis associated with upregulation of TGF-beta-related signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Yoh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: Hirotake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakuraba
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiraga
authors.forename: Shinsaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D051899:Smad2 Protein; C497783:Smad2 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; C505526:Casp8 protein, mouse; D053181:Caspase 8