title: Eyeblink conditioning leads to fewer synapses in the rabbit cerebellar cortex.
abstract: Eyeblink conditioning involves the pairing of a conditioned stimulus (tone) to an aversive unconditioned stimulus (air puff). Although the circuitry that underlies this form of learning is well defined, synaptic changes in these structures have not been fully investigated. This experiment examined synaptic structural plasticity in the cerebellar cortex, a structure that has been found to modulate the acquisition and timing of the conditioned response. Long-term depression of Purkinje cells (PCs) in the cerebellar cortex has been proposed as a mechanism for releasing inhibition of the interpositus nuclei, a structure critical for the formation of the CR. Adult albino rabbits were randomly allocated to either a paired, unpaired, or exposure-only condition. The results showed a significant decrease in the number of excitatory synapses in the outer layer of the cerebellar cortex in the conditioned rabbits compared with controls. This finding suggests that a reduction in the number of excitatory synapses may contribute to the lasting depression of PC activity that is associated with eyeblink conditioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bloomfield
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: LeBoutillier
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: A C W
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Weeks
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003215:Conditioning, Eyelid / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure