Cellular and systemic effects of anthrax lethal toxin and edema toxin.
Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) and edema toxin (ET) are the major virulence factors of anthrax and can replicate the lethality and symptoms associated with the disease. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of anthrax toxin effects in animal models and the cytotoxicity (necrosis and apoptosis) induced by LT in different cells. A brief reexamination of early historic findings on toxin in vivo effects in the context of our current knowledge is also presented.
Moayeri
Mahtab
M
Bacterial Toxins and Therapeutics Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 33, Room 1W20B, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. mmoayeri@niaid.nih.gov
Leppla
Stephen H
SH
D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D037521:Virulence Factors; C030325:anthrax toxin; C070309:anthrax toxin receptors