title: Effects of chlorothalonil and carbendazim on nitrification and denitrification in soils.
abstract: The effects of chlorothalonil and carbendazim on nitrification and denitrification in six soils in upland and rice paddy environments were investigated. Laboratory aerobic (60% water holding capacity) and anaerobic (flooded) conditions were studied at 25 degrees C and fungicide addition rates of 5.5 mg/kg A. I. (field rate, FR), 20 times (20FR) and 40 times (40FR) field rate, respectively. The results indicated that chlorothalonil at the field rate had a slight inhibitory effect on one soil only, and that soil did not nitrify much in the first place. But chlorothalonil at higher rates inhibited nitrification significantly in all soils. For soils JXP and JXU with a pH of less than 5.0, chlorothalonil almost completely stopped their nitrification at 20FR and 40FR during the whole 14 d incubation period. For soils HNP and HNU with a pH of greater than 8.0, chlorothalonil also significantly inhibit nitrification at 20FR and 40FR (p < 0.05). However, NH4+ that was added to the soil was also almost completely nitrified by the end of the incubation period in these two soils. The effects of chlorothalonil at 20FR and 40FR on the nitrification of JSP and JSU soils, with a pH of 5.4 and 7.2, respectively, were intermediate between the other soil types. Chlorothalonil had no effect on denitrification at the field rate and had little effect at the higher rates of application in some soils. Carbendazim had essentially no effect on nitrification and denitrification in soils assessed.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. mlang@issas.ac.cn
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Zucong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002219:Carbamates; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009570:Nitriles; D009573:Nitrites; D012987:Soil; C006698:carbendazim; C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile