title: Fatiguing exercise enhances hyperalgesia to muscle inflammation.
abstract: Since many people with chronic fatigue present with pain and many people with chronic pain present with fatigue, we tested if fatigue would enhance the response to pain in male and female mice. We further tested for the activation of brainstem nuclei by the fatigue task using c-fos as a marker. Fatigue was induced by having mice spontaneously run in running wheel for 2h. Carrageenan (0.03%) was injected into the gastrocnemius muscle either 2h before or 2h after the fatigue task. The mechanical sensitivity of the paw (von Frey filaments), muscle (tweezers), grip force and running wheel activity was assessed before and 24h after injection of carrageenan. Both male and female mice that performed the fatigue task, either before or after intramuscular injection of carrageenan, showed an enhanced mechanical sensitivity of the paw, but not the muscle. Ovariectomized mice showed a similar response to male mice. There was a decrease in running wheel activity after carrageenan injection, but no change in grip force suggesting that mice had no deficit in motor performance induced by the carrageenan. C-fos expression was observed in the nucleus raphe pallidus, obscurus, and magnus after the fatigue task suggesting an increased activity in the raphe nuclei in response to the fatigue task. Therefore, widespread hyperalgesia is enhanced by the fatigue response but not hyperalgesia at the site of insult. We suggest that this effect is sex-dependent and involves mechanisms in the brainstem to result in an enhanced hyperalgesia.
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Graduate Program, Pain Research Program, University of Iowa, #1-252 MEB, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sluka
authors.forename: Lynn A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002351:Carrageenan; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000209:etiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D002351:Carrageenan