title: Assessing technological change in cardiothoracic surgery.
abstract: Technological innovation--broadly defined as the development and introduction of new drugs, devices, and procedures--has played a major role in advancing the field of cardiothoracic surgery. It has generated new forms of care for patients and improved treatment options. Innovation, however, comes at a price. Total national health care expenditures now exceed $2 trillion per year in the United States and all current estimates indicate that this number will continue to rise. As we continue to seek the most innovative medical treatments for cardiovascular disease, the spiraling cost of these technologies comes to the forefront. In this article, we address 3 challenges in managing the health and economic impact of new and emerging technologies in cardiothoracic surgery: (1) challenges associated with the dynamics of technological growth itself; (2) challenges associated with methods of analysis; and (3) the ways in which value judgments and political factors shape the translation of evidence into policy. We conclude by discussing changes in the analytical, financial, and institutional realms that can improve evidence-based decision-making in cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: International Center for Health Outcomes and Innovation Research, Department of Health Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iribarne
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.forename: Deborah D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ascheim
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Annetine C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gelijns
mesh_terms: D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D004867:Equipment Design; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D033161:Government Regulation; D017048:Health Care Costs; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006285:Health Planning; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D013677:Medical Laboratory Science / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011640:Public Policy; D014481:United States