title: Effects of Galla chinensis on inhibition of demineralization of regular bovine enamel or enamel disposed of organic matrix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study was undertaken to assess the effects of Galla chinensis extract on inhibition of enamel caries-like demineralization and to elucidate the role of the organic matrix of enamel in this process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Either regular or enamel disposed of its organic matrix both of bovine origin were exposed to a demineralizing solution for 3 days (pH 4.5). Specimes were additionally treated with either 4 g/L of G. chinensis extraction (GCE) or double distilled water (DDW) four times daily for 5 min each time. Regular enamel exposed accordingly to sodium fluoride (1g/L) during the demineralizing period served as positive control. After exposure mineral loss and lesion depth of all samples were analysed by transversal microradiography. One-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test were used to compare the differences amongst groups. A factorial ANOVA was chosen to test the interaction between GCE and enamel organic matrix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mineral loss and lesion depth of specimens in the positive control group were significantly lower compared to all other groups. Regular enamel treated with GCE showed significantly lower values compared to regular enamel treated with DDW or to enamel disposed of its organic matrix (p<0.05). These three groups revealed similar values (p>0.05). Significant interaction between GCE and enamel organic matrix with respect to both outcomes could be observed (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G. chinensis inhibits enamel caries-like demineralization in vitro. However, its potential seems to be weaker compared to sodium fluoride. The organic matrix of enamel was shown to play a substantial role in the observed mechanism.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Linglin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Jiyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D003747:Dental Enamel Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006244:Hardness; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D008852:Microradiography / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029045:Rhus; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite