title: Use of retrieval bags in incidental gallbladder cancer cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accidental intraoperative gallbladder perforation is a problem in laparoscopic surgery, especially in cases with incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGBC). The question is whether intraoperative gallbladder perforation has a prognostic disadvantage or a retrieval bag provides protection against tumor dissemination.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized questionnaire was sent to all German surgical clinics based on the central register of "incidental gallbladder carcinoma" of the German Society of Surgery founded in 1997.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 592 IGBC-registered cases, there were 330 laparoscopies, 154 open surgeries, and intraoperative conversion was performed in 106 cases. Of laparoscopic surgeries (n = 330), the recurrence rate was 30%. The recurrence rate for cases with (174/330) and without (156/330) the use of retrieval bag was 32.2% and 27%, respectively. In laparoscopies with intraoperative gallbladder perforation (73/330 cases), the recurrence rate was 38.4%. Of these cases the recurrence rate with (51/73) and without (22/73) the use of retrieval bags was 39.2% and 36.4%, respectively. In 257 cases without intraoperative perforation, tumor recurrence rate was 27.2%, and it was 29.3% or 25.4% with (123/257) and without (134/257) the use of retrieval bags.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the registry data, the intraoperative gallbladder perforation results in significant (P = 0.047) prognostic disadvantage and in these cases retrieval bags were used more often (P = 0.001). However, in IGBC cases if intraoperative gallbladder perforation has already happened, the use of retrieval bags had no protective effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ketteler-Krankenhaus, 63071, Offenbach, Germany. ThGoetze@aol.com
authors.forename: Thorsten Oliver
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Goetze
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paolucci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000293:injuries*; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires