title: Wnt-11 signalling controls ventricular myocardium development by patterning N-cadherin and beta-catenin expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The stage-dependent organization of the cardiomyocytes during formation of the different layers of the developing ventricular wall is critical for the establishment of a functional heart, but the instructive signals involved are still poorly known. We have addressed the potential role of Wnt-11 in the control of early ventricular myocardium assembly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate by means of expression analysis and a mouse model in which Wnt-11 function has been inactivated that Wnt-11 is expressed by the embryonic ventricular cardiomyocytes and serves as one important signal for ventricular wall development. In the absence of Wnt-11, the coordinated organization, intercellular contacts, co-localized expression of the cell adhesion components N-cadherin and beta-catenin, and the cytoskeleton of the differentiating ventricular cardiomyocytes are all disturbed. Moreover, the ventricular wall lacking Wnt-11 signalling is thinner and the expression of the Gata-4, Nkx2.5, Mef2c, ANP, and BNP genes is down-regulated relative to controls. These defects lie behind disturbed embryonic cardiac functional development, marked by an increase in the ventricular relaxation time during the early diastole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that Wnt-11 signalling serves as a critical cell adhesion cue for the organization of the cardiomyocytes in the developing ventricular wall, which is essential for the establishment of a functional heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Irina I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Railo
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rapila
authors.forename: Terhi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hast
authors.forename: Raija
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sormunen
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tavi
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.forename: Seppo J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Vainio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016764:Cell Polarity; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495267:CTNNB1 protein, mouse; D015820:Cadherins; C489083:Cdh2 protein, mouse; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D051153:Wnt Proteins; C508957:Wnt11 protein, mouse; D051176:beta Catenin