title: Targeting neural precursors in the adult brain rescues injured dopamine neurons.
abstract: In Parkinson's disease, multiple cell types in many brain regions are afflicted. As a consequence, a therapeutic strategy that activates a general neuroprotective response may be valuable. We have previously shown that Notch ligands support neural precursor cells in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that neural precursors express the angiopoietin receptor Tie2 and that injections of angiopoietin2 activate precursors in the adult brain. Signaling downstream of Tie2 and the Notch receptor regulate blood vessel formation. In the adult brain, angiopoietin2 and the Notch ligand Dll4 activate neural precursors with opposing effects on the density of blood vessels. A model of Parkinson's disease was used to show that angiopoietin2 and Dll4 rescue injured dopamine neurons with motor behavioral improvement. A combination of growth factors with little impact on the vasculature retains the ability to stimulate neural precursors and protect dopamine neurons. The cellular and pharmacological basis of the neuroprotective effects achieved by these single treatments merits further analysis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Androutsellis-Theotokis
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rueger
authors.forename: Deric M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Haik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mkhikian
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Korb
authors.forename: Steve W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Poser
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walbridge
authors.forename: Jeeva
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Munasinghe
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Koretsky
authors.forename: Russel R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Lonser
authors.forename: Ronald D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: McKay
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2; D004298:Dopamine