Role of CFTR, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Toll-like receptors in cystic fibrosis lung inflammation.
CF (cystic fibrosis) is a severe autosomal recessive disease most common in Northwest European populations. Underlying mutations in the CFTR (CF transmembrane conductance regulator) gene cause deregulation of ion transport and subsequent dehydration of the airway surface liquid, producing a viscous mucus layer on the airway surface of CF patients. This layer is readily colonized by bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Owing to the resulting environment and treatment strategies, the bacteria acquire genetic modifications such as antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, antimicrobial peptide resistance and pro-inflammatory lipid A structures. Lipid A is a component of the lipopolysaccharide cell wall present on bacteria and is recognized by TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4). Its detection elicits a pro-inflammatory response that is heightened over time due to the addition of fatty acids to the lipid A structure. Eradication of bacteria from the lungs of CF patients becomes increasingly difficult and eventually leads to mortality. In the present review, we describe the role of lipid A as a virulent factor of Ps. aeruginosa; however, it appears that further work is needed to investigate the role of CFTR in the innate immune response and in modifying the pathogen-host interaction.
Buchanan
Paul J
PJ
Centre for Infection and Immunity, Respiratory Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BN, UK. pbuchanan03@qub.ac.uk
Ernst
Robert K
RK
Elborn
J Stuart
JS
Schock
Bettina
B
D000818:Animals; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator