title: Evaluation of disinfecting procedures for aseptic transfer in hospital pharmacy departments.
abstract: Current practice in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals employs 70% Industrial Methylated Spirit spray for surface disinfection of components required in Grade A pharmaceutical environments. This study seeks to investigate other agents and procedures that may provide more effective sanitisation. Several methods are available to test the efficacy of disinfectants against vegetative organisms. However, no methods currently available test the efficacy of disinfectants against spores on the hard surfaces encountered in the pharmacy aseptic processing environment. Therefore, a method has been developed to test the efficacy of disinfectants against spores, modified from British Standard 13697 and Association of Analytical Chemists standards. The testing procedure was used to evaluate alternative biocides and disinfection methods for transferring components into hospital pharmacy cleanrooms, and to determine which combinations of biocide and application method have the greatest efficacy against spores of Bacillus subtilis subspecies subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 6633, and Bacillus pumilis ATCC 27142. Stainless steel carrier test plates were used to represent the hard surfaces in hospital pharmacy cleanrooms. Plates were inoculated with 10(7)-10(8) colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and treated with the various biocide formulations, using different disinfection methods. Sporicidal activity was calculated as log reduction in CFU. Of the biocides tested, 6% hydrogen peroxide and a quaternary ammonium compound/chlorine dioxide combination were most effective compared to a Quat/biguanide, amphoteric surfactant, 70% v/v ethanol in deionised water and isopropyl alcohol in water for injection. Of the different application methods tested, spraying followed by wiping was the most effective, followed closely by wiping alone. Spraying alone was least effective.
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Manita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehmi
authors.forename: Lindsay J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Julian C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants