title: Stereotaxy for surgical navigation in orbital surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Image guidance has been used in neurosurgery with great success. The authors illustrate the use of stereotaxy and neuronavigation in the surgical management of a cranio-orbital tumor and for orbital decompresson in thyroid orbitopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stereotactic image guidance was used in the surgical management of 2 patients, one with a large left sphenoid wing meningioma causing proptosis and visual loss from orbital extension, and the other with disfiguring proptosis due to thyroid eye disease. Virtual reality simulation was used preoperatively in the first patient to visualize surgical corridors of approach to the tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients underwent successful orbital surgery aided by intraoperative neuronavigation. The sphenoidal wing meningioma was removed completely with no damage to adjacent orbital and intracranial tissues, and orbital decompression was successfully performed with good cosmetic improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Image-guided neuronavigation in our cases allowed for safe and precise surgery, with avoidance of complications.
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 168751.
authors.forename: Kelvin Y C
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Beng Ti
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Looi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed