title: Reproducibility of performance measures of physical function based on the BASFI, in ankylosing spondylitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the test-retest reproducibility of performance measures of physical function based on the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) questionnaire in patients with AS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from 65 AS patients. They were tested on two occasions by one assessor with a 1-week interval. Physical function was assessed via eight performance measures based on items used in the BASFI questionnaire, representing activities of daily life, which AS patients frequently report to be problematic. For each activity, a performance score was determined. Pain and exertion were measured using a 10-cm horizontal visual analogue scale (VAS) and Borg's modified scale, respectively. Test-retest reproducibility was assessed for all measurements using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and by calculating the standard error of measurement (SEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate intrarater reliability was found. For performance scores, ICCs ranged from 0.73 to 0.96. Measurements of exertion and pain also showed adequate intrarater reliability, with the exception of one performance measure, namely the test for the ability to look over one's shoulder. For this test, the ICCs were 0.66 and 0.69 for exertion and pain, respectively. The remaining ICCs for exertion ranged from 0.71 to 0.88 and for pain from 0.74 to 0.83. The SEM for performance scores ranged from 4 to 9% of the observed score. The SEM for exertion ranged from 8 to 11% and for pain from 10 to 15%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performance measures of physical function based on the BASFI questionnaire have adequate to excellent test-retest reproducibility. Due to the presence of measurement error, measurements are accurate for group assessment; repeated measurements are advised for an adequate assessment of individual patients.
authors.affiliation: Jan van Breemen Institute, Centre for Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Dr Jan van Breemenstraat 2, 1056 AB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.v.weelij@janvanbreemen.nl
authors.forename: Salima F E
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: van Weely
authors.forename: Christiaan J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van Denderen
authors.forename: Irene E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: van der Horst-Bruinsma
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nurmohamed
authors.forename: Ben A C
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dijkmans
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: Martijn P M
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Steultjens
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010147:Pain Measurement; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents