title: Predictors of no-reflow after percutaneous coronary intervention for culprit lesion with plaque rupture in infarct-related artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the predictors of the no-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with plaque rupture (PR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 112 AMI patients who underwent pre- and post-PCI intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and stent implantation. Angiographic no-reflow was defined as TIMI flow grade 0, 1, and 2 after PCI. IVUS findings included multiple ruptured plaques (PRs separated by a >5-mm length of artery containing smooth lumen contours), thrombus (had a layered lobulated appearance, evidence of blood flow within the mass, and speckling or scintillation), and plaque prolapse (tissue extrusion through the stent struts).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 112 patients, no-reflow was observed in 17 patients (15.2%). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was significantly higher (6.2+/-6.0 mg/dl vs. 2.2+/-2.9 mg/dl, p=0.002) and baseline TIMI flow grade was significantly lower in no-reflow group (TIMI flow grade<3: 59% vs. 18%, p<0.001). Lesion site plaque plus media area was significantly greater (12.9+/-2.6 mm(2) vs. 10.8+/-4.2 mm(2), p=0.009), remodeling index was significantly higher (1.14+/-0.17 vs. 1.03+/-0.20, p=0.031), and the presence of IVUS-detected thrombus (88% vs. 56%, p=0.012), culprit lesion multiple PRs (71% vs. 37%, p=0.009), and plaque prolapse (65% vs. 34%, p=0.015) were significantly more common in no-reflow group. In the multivariate analysis, plaque prolapse (OR=33.02; 95% CI 3.38-322.75, p=0.003), hs-CRP (OR=1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.05, p=0.013), and culprit lesion multiple PRs (OR=15.73; 95% CI 1.61-153.46, p=0.018) were independent predictors of post-PCI no-reflow in AMI patients with PR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated hs-CRP and IVUS-detected multiple PRs and plaque prolapse are associated with no-reflow after PCI for PR-containing culprit lesion in infarct-related arteries in AMI patients.
authors.affiliation: Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Myung Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Yun Ha
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jum Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Min Goo
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Shin Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soo Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Keun Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Doo Sun
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Nam Sik
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Kye Hun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ju Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Youngkeun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jeong Gwan
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jong Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jung Chaee
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D054318:No-Reflow Phenomenon / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015607:Stents; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein