title: Effects of prolonged walking on neural and mechanical components of stretch responses in the human soleus muscle.
abstract: After repeated passive stretching, tendinous tissue compliance increases in the human soleus (SOL) muscle-tendon unit. During movement, such changes would have important consequences for neural and mechanical stretch responses. This study examined the existence of such effects in response to a 75 min walking intervention. Eleven healthy subjects walked on a treadmill at 4 km h(1) with a robotic stretch device attached to the left leg. Ultrasonography was used to measure SOL fascicle lengths, and surface EMG activity was recorded in the SOL and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Perturbations of 6 deg were imposed at three different measurement intervals: Pre (immediately before the walking intervention), Mid (after approximately 30 min of walking) and Post (immediately after the intervention). Between the Pre-Mid and Mid-Post intervals, subjects walked for 30 min at a gradient of 3%. After the intervention, the amplitude and velocity of fascicle stretch both decreased (by 46 and 59%, respectively; P < 0.001) in response to a constant external perturbation, as did short (33%; P < 0.01) and medium (25%; P < 0.01) latency stretch reflex amplitudes. A faster perturbation elicited at the end of the protocol resulted in a recovery of fascicle stretch velocities and short latency reflex amplitudes to the pre-exercise values. These findings suggest that repeated stretching and shortening of a muscle-tendon unit can induce short-term structural changes in the tendinous tissues during human walking. The data also highlight the effect of these changes on neural feedback from muscle sensory afferents.
authors.affiliation: Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark. njcronin@hst.aau.dk.
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Af Klint
authors.forename: Paavo V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Komi
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avela
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sinkjaer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voigt
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012026:Reflex, Stretch / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*