title: [Effects of granisetron/lidocaine combination on propofol injection-induced pain: a double-blind randomized clinical trial].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the alleviation effect of vein pretreatment and granisetron/lidocaine combination on propofol injection-induced pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundreds patients scheduled for gynaecological laparoscopic operations were randomly divided into four groups: control group (group I), lidocaine group (group II), granisetron group (group III) and granisetron/lidocaine combination group (group IV), with 50 patients in each group. The patients in the above four groups received placebo (saline), lidocaine 20 mg, granisetron 2 mg and granisetron 2 mg plus lidocaine intravenously respectively. The patients were injected with one-forth of scheduled propofol via a dorsal hand vein after one minute of venous occlusion. The pain during the injection of propofol was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain occurred in 84% of patients in the control group, 46% in the lidocaine group, 52% in the granisetron group and 24% in the granisetron/lidocaine combination group. There was a significant reduction in pain incidence in the three experimental groups compared with the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of pain, nausea, vomiting and shivering was less in the granisetron/lidocaine combination group than in the control group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with granisetron/lidocaine may be effective not only in attenuating pains during i.v. injection of propofol, but also in preventing postoperative nausea, vomiting and shivering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Yu-shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xue-mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D017829:Granisetron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017829:Granisetron; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol