Assessment of metals in water and sediments of Hindon River, India: impact of industrial and urban discharges.
The aim of this study was to assess the level of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Pb) in water and sediments of Hindon River in industrialized city Ghaziabad, India. A total of 6 stations, covering the upstream and downstream sites of Hindon, were selected for this study. Metal concentration (mgkg(-1)) ranged: Cd, 1.15-3.47; Cu, 9.42-195.1; Cr, 42.9-250.4; Fe, 221.2-237.9; Mn, 61.0-201.7; Zn, 3.98-85.0; and Pb, 5.07-59.1 in river sediments. The enrichment factor (%) for sediment ranged from 0.05 to 99.8% at point and non-point polluted stations of Hindon. The geoaccumulation index (I(geo)) suggested "unpolluted to moderate pollution" of Mn, Pb and Zn (I(geo)<1), "moderate pollution" of Cu, Cr, Fe (I(geo)<2), and "very strong pollution" of Cd (I(geo)>5) in River Hindon at Ghaziabad city. The industrial and urban discharges in river catchment areas were the major sources of heavy metals in river.
Suthar
Surindra
S
Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India. sutharss_soilbiology@yahoo.co.in
Nema
Arvind K
AK
Chabukdhara
Mayuri
M
Gupta
Sanjay K
SK
D002947:Cities; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007194:India; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry*; D045483:Rivers; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water