title: Impact of protein and carbohydrate supplementation on plasma volume expansion and thermoregulatory adaptation by aerobic training in older men.
abstract: We examined whether protein-carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation immediately after exercise each day during aerobic training facilitated plasma volume (PV) expansion and thermoregulatory and cardiovascular adaptations in older men. Fourteen moderately active older men [68 +/- 5 (SD) yr] were divided into two groups so as to have no significant differences in anthropometric measures, PV, and peak oxygen consumption rate (Vo(2peak)). Each group was provided with a mixture of protein and CHO (3.2 kcal, 0.18 g protein/kg body wt, Pro-CHO, n = 7) or a non-protein and low-calorie placebo (0.5 kcal, 0 g protein/kg body wt, CNT, n = 7) immediately after cycling exercise (60-75% Vo(2peak), 60 min/day, 3 days/wk) each day for 8 wk at approximately 19 degrees C ambient temperature (T(a)) and approximately 43% relative humidity (RH). Before and after training, we measured PV, cardiac stroke volume (SV), and esophageal temperature (T(es)) during 20-min exercise at 60% of pretraining Vo(2peak) at 30 degrees C T(a) and 50% RH. Moreover, we determined the sensitivity of the chest sweat rate (DeltaSR/DeltaT(es)) and forearm vascular conductance (DeltaFVC/DeltaT(es)) in response to increased T(es) during exercise. After training, PV increased by approximately 6% in Pro-CHO (P < 0.001), with an approximately 10% increase in SV during exercise (P < 0.001), but not in CNT (P > 0.07). DeltaFVC/DeltaT(es) increased by 80% and DeltaSR/DeltaT(es) by 18% in Pro-CHO (both P < 0.01) but not in CNT (P > 0.07). Moreover, we found a significant interactive effect of group x training on PV, SV, and DeltaFVC/DeltaT(es) (all P < 0.02) but with no significant effect of group (P > 0.4), suggesting that the supplement enhanced these responses to aerobic training. Thus postexercise protein-CHO supplementation during training caused PV expansion and facilitated thermoregulatory and cardiovascular adaptations, possibly providing a new training regimen for older men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitono
authors.forename: Mian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shizue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masuki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endoh
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayase
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nose
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000097:blood; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008297:Male; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D010953:Plasma Volume / Q000187:drug effects*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D013546:Sweating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002248:Carbon Monoxide