title: Physicians' experience with surrogate decision making for hospitalized adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hospitalized patients frequently lack decision-making ability, yet little is known about physicians' approaches to surrogate decision making.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe physicians' experiences with surrogate communication and decision making for hospitalized adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional written survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eighty-one physicians who recently cared for adult inpatients in one academic and two community hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Key features of physicians' most recent surrogate decision-making experience, including the nature of the decision, the physician's reaction, physician-surrogate communication and physician-surrogate agreement about the best course of action.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly three fourths of physicians (73%, n = 206) had made a major decision with a surrogate during the past month. Although nearly all patients (90%) had a surrogate, physicians reported trouble contacting the surrogate in 21% of cases. Conflict was rare (5%), and a majority of physicians agreed with surrogates about the medical facts (77%), prognosis (72%) and best course of action (65%). After adjustment for patient, physician and decision characteristics, agreement about the best course of action was more common among surrogates for older patients [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.17 for each decade; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.31], ICU patients (PR = 1.40; CI 1.14-1.51) and patients who had previously discussed their wishes (PR = 1.60; CI 1.30-1.76), and less common when surrogates were difficult to contact (PR = 0.59; CI 0.29-0.92) or when the physician self-identified as Asian (PR = 0.60; CI 0.30-0.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surrogate decision making is common among hospitalized adults. Physician-surrogate decision making may be enhanced if patients discuss their preferences in advance and if physician contact with surrogate decision makers is facilitated.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. atorke@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Alexia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Torke
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siegler
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abalos
authors.forename: Rachael M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Moloney
authors.forename: G Caleb
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010819:Physician's Role; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D020458:Third-Party Consent; D055815:Young Adult