title: Appropriate use of inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta(2)-adrenergic agonist combination therapy among asthma patients in a US commercially insured population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine health care utilization measures indicating which asthma patients are appropriate for inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta(2)-adrenergic agonist (ICS/LABA) therapy and determine whether two ICS/LABA therapies were initiated in accordance with guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of commercially insured asthma patients aged > or =12 years that initiated fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (FSC) or budesonide/formoterol fumarate dihydrate (BFC) combination therapy in 2007 was conducted. Use was considered appropriate if patients met any of the following during a 1-year period before ICS/LABA initiation: ICS or leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) use; an asthma-related emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization; > or =2 oral corticosteroids (OCS) courses; or > or =6 short-acting beta(2)-adrenergic agonist (SABA) canisters. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with appropriate ICS/LABA use. Certain limitations inherent to the use of claims data for research apply to this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 24,231 patients who initiated ICS/LABA therapy, 993 received BFC and 23,238 received FSC. Among all patients, 37.6% met > or =1 criteria for appropriate use. However, compared with FSC users, BFC users had a significantly higher likelihood of meeting > or =1 of these criteria (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.76-2.30; p < 0.001), and a higher proportion of BFC than FSC patients met 4 of the 5 appropriate use criteria. In total, 58.4% of BFC patients versus 36.7% of FSC patients met > or =1 criteria for appropriate use. Other factors associated with appropriate use included age, region, Charlson comorbidity score, number of medications, and prescriber specialty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fewer than half of all patients fulfilled the specified criteria for being appropriate for ICS/LABA therapy. However, a significantly higher proportion of BFC than FSC users met the criteria for appropriate use of ICS/LABA therapy. These results may suggest a need for improved physician awareness of consensus guidelines for the initiation of ICS/LABA therapy.
authors.affiliation: i3 Innovus, Eden Prairie, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zarotsky
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Blanchette
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D000322:Adrenergic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D002648:Child; D003132:Commerce; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011153:Population; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000322:Adrenergic Agonists; D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents