title: Spatial and temporal epidemiology of sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in Scotland.
abstract: The spatial and temporal epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis was described by analysing sporadic cases reported in Scotland from 2005 to 2007. Measures of livestock density and human population density were explored as indicators of the geographical variation in prevalence. Cryptosporidium parvum was more common in areas with lower human population densities, with a higher ratio of the number of farms to human inhabitants and with a higher ratio of the number of private water supplies to human inhabitants. Cryptosporidium parvum caused disease in humans in rural areas and in areas with high ruminant livestock density, whereas Cryptosporidium hominis was more common in the more densely human populated areas of Scotland. The association of private water supplies and increased Cryptosporidium reports merits further public health efforts.
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK. kevin.pollock@hps.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: K G J
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Ternent
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mellor
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Innocent
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011634:Public Health; D012424:Rural Population; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012621:Seasons; D014505:Urban Population; D014881:Water Supply; D055815:Young Adult