The frequency and complication rates of hysterectomy accompanying cesarean delivery.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the frequency, indications, and complications of cesarean hysterectomy.


METHODS
This was a prospective, 2-year observational study at 13 academic medical centers conducted between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2000, on all women who underwent a hysterectomy at the time of cesarean delivery. Data were abstracted from the medical record by study nurses. The outcomes included procedure frequency, indications, and complications.


RESULTS
A total of 186 cesarean hysterectomies (0.5%) were performed from a cohort of 39,244 women who underwent cesarean delivery. The leading indications for hysterectomy were placenta accreta (38%) and uterine atony (34%). Of the hysterectomy cases with a diagnosis recorded as accreta, 18% accompanied a primary cesarean delivery, and 82% had a prior procedure (P<.001). Of the hysterectomy cases with atony recorded as a diagnosis, 59% complicated primary cesarean delivery, whereas 41% had a prior cesarean (P<.001). Major maternal complications of cesarean hysterectomy included transfusion of red blood cells (84%) and other blood products (34%), fever (11%), subsequent laparotomy (4%), ureteral injury (3%), and death (1.6%). Accreta hysterectomy cases were more likely than atony hysterectomy cases to require ureteral stents (14% compared with 3%, P=.03) and to instill sterile milk into the bladder (23% compared with 8%, P=.02).


CONCLUSIONS
The rate of cesarean hysterectomy has declined modestly in the past decade. Despite the use of effective therapies and procedures to control hemorrhage at cesarean delivery, a small proportion of women continue to require hysterectomy to control hemorrhage from both uterine atony and placenta accreta.


METHODS
II.
Shellhaas
Cynthia S
CS
From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; the George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, DC; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; University of Miami, Miami, Florida; University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee; University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
Gilbert
Sharon
S
Landon
Mark B
MB
Varner
Michael W
MW
Leveno
Kenneth J
KJ
Hauth
John C
JC
Spong
Catherine Y
CY
Caritis
Steve N
SN
Wapner
Ronald J
RJ
Sorokin
Yoram
Y
Miodovnik
Menachem
M
O'Sullivan
Mary J
MJ
Sibai
Baha M
BM
Langer
Oded
O
Gabbe
Steven G
SG
D000328:Adult; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002585:Cesarean Section; D017604:Cesarean Section, Repeat; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D010921:Placenta Accreta / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014593:Uterine Inertia / Q000601:surgery; D014599:Uterus / Q000293:injuries