title: Prognostic impact of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase silencing in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme who undergo surgery and carmustine wafer implantation: a prospective patient cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a key enzyme in the DNA repair process after alkylating agent action. Epigenetic silencing of the MGMT gene by promoter methylation has been associated with longer survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who receive alkylating agents. In this study, the authors evaluated the prognostic value of different biomarkers in recurrent GBM and analyzed the changes in MGMT status between primary tumors and recurrent tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients who had recurrent GBM and who underwent surgery with carmustine wafer implantation were enrolled prospectively between 2005 and 2007. The authors investigated the correlation between MGMT silencing in the tumor at recurrence and survival taking into account other clinically recognized prognostic factors. MGMT status was determined by using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis, a high-throughput quantitative methylation assay, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, expression analyses of human mutL homolog 1, human mutS homolog 2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 at recurrence were conducted with regard to their prognostic impact.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates after recurrence were 3.6 months and 9.9 months, respectively, and the 6-month PFS rate after recurrence was 27.2%. On multivariate analysis, only age (P=.04) and MGMT promoter hypermethylation at recurrence, as determined by MethyLight technology (P=.0012) and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) analysis (P=.004), were correlated with better PFS. On multivariate analysis, only MGMT promoter hypermethylation at recurrence, as determined by using MethyLight technology (P=.019) and MSP analysis (P=.046), was associated with better OS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MGMT methylation status was an important prognostic factor in patients with recurrent GBM who underwent surgery plus carmustine wafer implantation; therefore, it was useful in predicting the outcome of GBM therapy at recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France. philippe.metellus@mail.ap-hm.fr
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Metellus
authors.forename: Bema
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coulibaly
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nanni
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fina
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eudes
authors.forename: Roch
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.forename: Marylin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barrie
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chinot
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.forename: L'houcine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ouafik
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Figarella-Branger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D002330:Carmustine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004343:Drug Implants; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase; D002330:Carmustine