title: In-vitro comparison of the lengthening and biomechanical properties of three tendon lengthening techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinically, the Z-plasty lengthening is the only method used in the upper extremity, whereas several different techniques such as the Vulpius and Baker are used in the lower extremity. In this study, the usage of the modified Vulpius and Baker tendon lengthening techniques in the upper extremity was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vulpius and Baker techniques are modified by changing their application site in 90 sheep fore-limb deep flexor tendons using three randomly divided groups. Z-plasty, V-Y-plasty (Modified Vulpius) and U-T-plasty (Modified Baker) techniques were used in groups I to III, respectively. Their elongation and biomechanical properties were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Z-plasty technique provided significantly greater lengthening than the other two techniques, followed by the U-T-plasty technique. Failure load of the U-T-plasty technique was 60.7% higher than the Z-plasty technique and 45.4% higher than the V-Y-plasty technique. Repairs with the U-T-plasty and V-Y-plasty techniques were significantly stiffer than the repairs with the Z-plasty technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The U-T-plasty technique may be a good alternative to the Z-plasty technique because of its easy application and better biomechanical properties, especially in cases that need moderate-sized elongation and early mobilization. But the restorative properties of this technique need to be observed on an in-vivo model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medicine Faculty of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey. kaangideroglu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kaan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gideroğlu
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toksoy
authors.forename: Mithat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akan
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sümbüloğlu
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aköz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001852:Bone Lengthening / Q000379:methods*; D005552:Forelimb / Q000601:surgery*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012756:Sheep; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*