title: Superficial siderosis in the general population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Superficial siderosis is a rare radiologic diagnosis of hemosiderin deposition in subpial brain layers. In case studies, an association between superficial siderosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has been described. Also, a potential role of superficial siderosis in Alzheimer disease (AD) was hypothesized. All previously reported cases of superficial siderosis were detected because of overt clinical symptoms. We studied the occurrence of superficial siderosis on brain MRI in a general population of nondemented elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1,062 persons (mean age 69.6 years) from the population-based Rotterdam Scan Study, we performed T2*-weighted MRI to assess the presence of superficial siderosis. Furthermore, the presence, number, and location of cerebral microbleeds were rated, as lobar microbleeds are thought to be indicative of CAA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that superficial siderosis was present in 7 (0.7%) individuals, all of whom had cerebral microbleeds in lobar locations. Furthermore, in all 7 persons, microbleeds were located in close vicinity to superficial siderosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide further indirect support for the presumed link between superficial siderosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Whether superficial siderosis may be a marker for severity or worse prognosis of CAA needs to be further evaluated in longitudinal follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC UniversityMedical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Vernooij
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ikram
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Krestin
authors.forename: M M B
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Breteler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Lugt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016657:Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012806:Siderosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013346:Subarachnoid Space / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers