title: c-Cbl and Cbl-b act redundantly to protect osteoclasts from apoptosis and to displace HDAC6 from beta-tubulin, stabilizing microtubules and podosomes.
abstract: c-Cbl and Cbl-b are highly conserved adaptor proteins that participate in integrin signaling, regulating cytoskeletal organization, motility, and bone resorption. Deletion of both c-Cbl and Cbl-b in mice leads to embryonic lethality, indicating that the two proteins perform essential redundant functions. To examine the redundant actions of c-Cbl and Cbl-b in osteoclasts, we depleted c-Cbl in Cbl-b(-/-) osteoclasts by using a short hairpin RNA. Depleting both Cbl proteins disrupted both the podosome belt and the microtubule network and decreased bone-resorbing activity. Stabilizing the microtubules with paclitaxel or inhibiting histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which destabilizes microtubules by deacetylating beta-tubulin, protected both the microtubule network and the podosome belt. Examination of the mechanism involved demonstrated that the conserved four-helix bundle of c-Cbl's tyrosine kinase binding domain bound to beta-tubulin, and both c-Cbl and Cbl-b displaced HDAC6. In addition to the effects on microtubules and the podosome belt, depleting both Cbls significantly increased the levels of the proapoptotic protein Bim and apoptosis relative to the levels induced by eliminating either protein alone. Thus, both c-Cbl and Cbl-b promote bone resorption via the stabilization of microtubules, allowing the formation of the podosome belt in osteoclasts, and by promoting osteoclast survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Enkhtsetseg
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Purev
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neff
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Horne
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baron
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D055162:Biocatalysis; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D019610:Cytoprotection; D000073864:Histone Deacetylase 6; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl / Q000378:metabolism*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C000606775:BCL2L11 protein, human; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; C000606776:Bcl2l11 protein, mouse; C118387:Cblb protein, mouse; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D016023:Integrins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014404:Tubulin; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; C499033:Hdac6 protein, mouse; D000073864:Histone Deacetylase 6; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; C493849:Cbl protein, mouse