title: Camptothecin and Fas receptor agonists synergistically induce medulloblastoma cell death: ROS-dependent mechanisms.
abstract: Medulloblastoma, a common malignant pediatric brain tumor, is highly resistant to death receptor-mediated apoptosis despite death receptor expression by tumor cells. Developing new strategies to overcome this resistance to death receptor activation could positively impact therapeutic outcomes. We explored the modulation of death receptor-induced medulloblastoma cell death by the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CPT). CPT significantly increased the human medulloblastoma DAOY cell death response to agonistic anti-Fas antibody (CH-11). Cell death after CPT, CH-11, and CPT+CH-11 treatment was 9, 7, and 33%, respectively. Isobologram analysis showed that CH-11 and CPT act synergistically to induce cell death in DAOY cells. A similar pattern of synergism between CPT and CH-11 was found in ONS-76 medulloblastoma cells. Synergistic cell death was found to be predominantly apoptotic involving both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways as evidenced by annexin V staining, cleavage of caspases (3, 8, and 9), Bid and PARP, and cytoprotection by caspase inhibitors. Flow cytometric analyses showed that expression of cell surface Fas or Fas ligand did not change with drug treatment. Western blot analyses showed that the combination of CH-11+CPT induced a significant decrease in XIAP levels. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species, especially O2, were elevated after CPT treatment, and even more so by the CH-11+CPT treatment. The antioxidants glutathione and N-acetyl-cysteine prevented cell death induced by CPT+CH-11. Moreover, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitor rotenone potentiated CH-11-induced apoptosis in DAOY cells. Taken together, these findings show that CPT synergizes with Fas activation to induce medulloblastoma apoptosis through a mechanism involving reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress pathways.
authors.affiliation: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Courtney Rory
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.forename: Eliot M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laterra
authors.forename: Shuli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000178:diet therapy*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053218:Receptors, Death Domain / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C481004:CH-11 anti-fas antibody, human; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053218:Receptors, Death Domain; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; D002166:Camptothecin