title: [Epidural butorphanol analgesia in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous epidural analgesia (CEA) with butorphanol in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients scheduled for selective hip replacement were randomized into group B (n=30) to receive patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with butorphanol and group M (n=30) to receive PCEA with morphine. Their pain distribution at 5 time points, postoperative global score and the adverse effects in 48 h were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pain distribution at the 5 time points or the global score for postoperative PCEA in 48 h showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Analgesia with butorphanol caused less adverse effects (respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, itching and abdominal distension) than that with morphine (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEA with butorphanol is safe and effective for the treatment of postoperative pain in elderly patients and causes less adverse effects than morphine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China. hu.dong.hua.1002@163.com
authors.forename: Dong-Hua
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ya-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ming-Xue
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming-Fang
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shuai
authors.forename: Cai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D002077:Butorphanol