title: [Neurological aspects described in The treasure of medicines for all illnesses by Gregorio López].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Latin American medicine in the 16th century produced the first collections of herbs with native plants from the New World. Treatises on popular therapies appeared, which included gallenic remedies as well as incorporating autochthonous plants. We review the main neurological diseases and their treatments described in The Treasure of Medicines for All Illnesses by Gregorio Lopez (1542-1596).
  
  
  METHODS
  Some critics claim that his work was an enumeration of empirical prescriptions, sometimes with a magico-religious influence, which was extended in successive reprints. Yet, this manuscript is probably the first treatise on therapeutics written by a European in the New World to describe the native remedies employed in the treatment of diseases. In the section entitled Remedies in alphabetical order the following neurological ailments and appropriate remedies to treat them are described: abscess, apoplexy, brain, chilling, cramp, gota coral or epilepsy, headache, melancholy, memory, migraine, nerves, palsy, paralysis, sciatica, stupor and vertigo. The list of diseases is very complete and includes syndromes ranging from fevers, colics and bruises to phthisis, scabs or burns. The copy of the manuscript in the Vatican contains a final section on Indian medicines, which includes a list of medicinal plants used at that time, with the names given in Nahuatl language.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Headaches, epilepsy and conditions affecting the peripheral nerves were the neurological pathologies that were described at greatest length in The Treasure of Medicines for All Illnesses, and for which a greater number of natural prescriptions were compiled.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Sarah, Brasilia DF, Brasil. fjcarod-artal@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Carod-Artal
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Cabrera
mesh_terms: D049669:History, 16th Century; D006801:Humans; D008374:Manuscripts, Medical as Topic / Q000266:history*; D008419:Materia Medica / Q000266:history; D008519:Medicine, Traditional / Q000266:history*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history; D008800:Mexico; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history* / Q000628:therapy; D010598:Pharmacognosy / Q000266:history*; D010602:Pharmacopoeias as Topic / Q000266:history*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000266:history; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D008419:Materia Medica