title: The inter-rater reliability of a standardised classification system for pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain.
abstract: Pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain has varying clinical presentations and effects among subgroups. Different lumbopelvic pain subgroups require different specific management approaches which require the differentiation between lumbar and pelvic girdle pain (PGP). Thirty-one consecutive pregnant women with non-specific lumbopelvic pain were evaluated by two examiners and classified into lumbar pain, PGP, or combined pelvic girdle and lumbar pain. A standard history about different positions/activities of daily life such as bending, sitting, standing, walking, and lying, was followed by a standardised mechanical assessment of the lumbar spine (Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy), including tests of repeated end-range movements to standing and lying, pelvic pain provocation tests (distraction test, posterior pelvic pain provocation test, Gaenslen's test, compression test, and sacral thrust) a hip-rotation range-of-motion test, the active straight-leg-raising test, and a neurological examination. Agreement for the three syndromes (lumbar pain, PGP, or combined pelvic girdle and lumbar pain) was 87% (27/31), with a kappa coefficient of 0.79 (95% CI 0.60-0.98). It was possible to perform the classification procedure throughout pregnancy. There was substantial agreement between the two examiners for the classification of non-specific lumbopelvic pain into lumbar pain and PGP in pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. annelie.gutke@ihs.liu.se <annelie.gutke@ihs.liu.se>
authors.forename: Annelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutke
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kjellby-Wendt
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oberg
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008487:Medical History Taking; D015588:Observer Variation; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013548:Sweden