title: Influence of electromagnetic fields on bone fracture in rats: role of CAPE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of radiation emitted by mobile phones on bone strength and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the changes induced by radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Rats in the control group (first group) were left within the experimental setup for 30 min/day for 28 days without radiation exposure. Nine hundred MHz radiation group was broke down into 2 subgroups (group 1/2). Both subgroups were exposed to radiation for 28 days (30 min/day). The next group was also divided into 2 subgroups (group 3/4). Each was exposed to 1800 MHz of radiation for 28 days (30 min/day). The third and fifth groups were also treated with CAPE for 28 days. Treatment groups received ip caffeic acid phenethyl ester (10 micromol/kg per day) before radiation session. Bone fracture was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breaking force, bending strength, and total fracture energy decreased in the irradiated groups but increased in the treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiation and CAPE can significantly improve bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur Turkey. ekrcicek@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cicek
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gokalp
authors.forename: Remzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varol
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cesur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol