title: Effect of exercise on glutamine metabolism in macrophages of trained rats.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of exercise on glutamine metabolism in macrophages of trained rats. Rats were divided into three groups: sedentary (SED); moderately trained (MOD) rats that were swim trained 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks; and exhaustively trained (EXT) rats that were similarly trained as MOD for 5 weeks and, in the 6th week, trained in three 1-h sessions/day with 150 min of rest between sessions. The animals swam with a load equivalent to 5.5% of their body weight and were killed 1 h after the last exercise session. Cells were collected, and glutamine metabolism in macrophage and function were assayed. Exercise increased phagocytosis in MOD when compared to SED (34.48 +/- 1.79 vs 15.21 +/- 2.91%, P < 0.05); however, H(2)O(2) production was higher in MOD (75.40 +/- 3.48 nmol h x 10(5) cell(-1)) and EXT (79.20 +/- 1.18 nmol h x 10(5) cell(-1)) in relation to SED (32.60 +/- 2.51 nmol h x 10(5) cell(-1), P < 0.05). Glutamine consumption increased in MOD and EXT (26.53 +/- 3.62 and 19.82 +/- 2.62 nmol h x 10(5) cell(-1), respectively) relative to SED (6.72 +/- 0.57 nmol h x 10(5) cell(-1), P < 0.05). Aspartate increased in EXT (9.72 +/- 1.14 nmol h x 10(5) cell(-1)) as compared to SED (1.10 +/- 0.19 nmol h x 10(5) cell(-1), P < 0.05). Glutamine decarboxylation was increased in MOD (12.10 +/- 0.27 nmol h x 10(5) cell(-1)) and EXT (16.40 +/- 2.17 nmol h x 10(5) cell(-1)) relative to SED (1.10 +/- 0.06 nmol h x 10(5) cell(-1), P < 0.05). This study suggests an increase in macrophage function post-exercise, which was supported by enhanced glutamine consumption and metabolism, and highlights the importance for glutamine after exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, UNIFESP, Baixada Santista, São Paulo, Brazil. ronaldo.thomatieli@unifesp.br
authors.forename: Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Erico Chagas
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Caperuto
authors.forename: Marco Túlio
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: de Mello
authors.forename: Luis Fernando Bicudo Pereira
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Costa Rosa
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005080:Exercise Test; D005221:Fatigue / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide