title: Bioavailability of gallic acid and catechins from grape seed polyphenol extract is improved by repeated dosing in rats: implications for treatment in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: The present study explored the bioavailability and brain deposition of a grape seed polyphenolic extract (GSPE) previously found to attenuate cognitive deterioration in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma pharmacokinetic response of major GSPE phenolic components was measured following intragastric gavage of 50, 100, and 150 mg GSPE per kg body weight. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis identified gallic acid (GA), catechin (C), and epicatechin (EC) in plasma of rats gavaged acutely with GSPE. Additionally, 4-methylgallic acid (4-OMeGA), 3'-methylcatechin (3'-OMeC), and 3'-methylepicatechin (3'-OMeEC) were identified as circulating metabolites of GSPE phenolic constituents. Cmax for individual GSPE constituents and their metabolites increased in a dose-dependent fashion (with increasing GSPE oral dose). Repeated daily exposure to GSPE was found to significantly increase bioavailability (defined as plasma AUC0-8h) of GA, C, and EC by 198, 253, and 282% relative to animals receiving only a single acute GSPE dose. EC and C were not detectable in brain tissues of rats receiving a single GSPE dose but reached levels of 290.7 +/-45.9 and 576.7 +/- 227.7 pg/g in brain tissues from rats administered GSPE for 10 days. This study suggests that brain deposition of GA, C, and EC is affected by repeated dosing of GSPE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. mferruzz@purdue.edu
authors.forename: Mario G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ferruzzi
authors.forename: Jessica K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: Elsa M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Janle
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Qing-Li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Lap
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Giulio M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pasinetti
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D059808:Polyphenols; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D005707:Gallic Acid; D002392:Catechin