Chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of glutathione in biological samples.
Biological thiol compounds are classified into high-molecular-mass protein thiols and low-molecular-mass free thiols. Endogenous low-molecular-mass thiol compounds, namely, reduced glutathione (GSH) and its corresponding disulfide, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), are very important molecules that participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. GSH plays an essential role in protecting cells from oxidative and nitrosative stress and GSSG can be converted into the reduced form by action of glutathione reductase. Measurement of GSH and GSSG is a useful indicator of oxidative stress and disease risk. Many publications have reported successful determination of GSH and GSSG in biological samples. In this article, we review newly developed techniques, such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, for identifying GSH bound to proteins, or for localizing GSH in bound or free forms at specific sites in organs and in cellular locations.
Iwasaki
Yusuke
Y
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Saito
Yusuke
Y
Nakano
Yuki
Y
Mochizuki
Keisuke
K
Sakata
Osamu
O
Ito
Rie
R
Saito
Koichi
K
Nakazawa
Hiroyuki
H
D000818:Animals; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide