title: [Lifestyle, socioeconomic status and morbidity in postmenopausal women with grade II and III obesity].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity has become a major public health problem in all western countries, and its prevalence is increasing. This condition is associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease; furthermore, obesity is a risk factor for mortality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the association of some prevalent diseases (diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, obesity, hypertension, inflammatory rheumatic disease, urolithiasis), the distribution of some lifestyle factors (tobacco, alcohol and caffeine consumption and physical activity during leisure time) and the prevalence of poverty in a population of postmenopausal women in the Canary Islands with obesity class II or III (BMI>35).
  
  
  METHODS
  A personal interview was performed in all patients. A questionnaire was administered to assess their lifestyles and current medication use. The women's medical records were reviewed to confirm the existence of certain diseases. A complete physical examination was performed in all patients. Weight and height were measured with the patient dressed in light clothing. Blood samples were obtained with the patient in a fasting state for subsequent analysis. Poverty was defined according to the criteria of the Spanish National Institute of Statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with obesity class II or III were older (56.8+/-11 vs 53.9+/-11.6 years, p=0.02), shorter (153.7+/-6.3 vs 156.9+/-36.1 cm, p=0.001), heavier (89.6+/-9.3 vs 66.6+/-10.4 kg, p=0.001) and had a greater body surface than controls (1.73+/-0.13 vs 1.54+/-0.13 m2, p=0.001). Alcohol and tobacco consumption were lower in obese women than in controls. Obese women drank more coffee and took less physical activity during leisure time than controls. The prevalence of hypertension -36% vs 17.9%, p=0.001, odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (IC)]=2.57 (1.56-4.24)-, diabetes mellitus -24.4% vs 11.3%, p=0.001, OR=2.52 (1.47-1.05)-and hypothyroidism -14.3% vs 8%, p=0.04; OR=1.91 (0.99-3.68)-was higher in obese women than in controls. More than half lived in rural areas and were below the poverty threshold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than half of postmenopausal women with obesity class II or III were below the poverty threshold and lived in a rural area. In these women there was a lower consumption of alcohol and tobacco, lesser physical activity during leisure time, and a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypothyroidism than in control postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de trabajo de promoción y educación para la Salud, Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and Unidad Metabólica Osea, Hospital Universitario Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
authors.forename: Mary Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Navarro Rodríguez
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saavedra Santana
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Pablos Velasco
authors.forename: Nery
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sablón González
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Miguel Ruiz
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castro Medina
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sosa Henríquez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000453:epidemiology; D017698:Postmenopause; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology