title: The marine natural-derived inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phenylmethylene hydantoins: In vitro and in vivo activities and pharmacophore modeling.
abstract: The Red Sea sponge Hemimycale arabica afforded the known (Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-hydantoin (1). This natural phenylmethylene hydantoin (PMH) 1 and the synthetic (Z)-5-(4-(ethylthio)benzylidene)-hydantoin (2) showed potent in vitro and in vivo anti-growth and anti-invasive properties against PC-3M prostate cancer cells in MTT, spheroid disaggregation, and in mice models. To explore a possible molecular target of PMHs, the most potent synthetic analogue 2 has been virtually screened against various protein kinases. Molecular modeling study has shown that 2 can be successfully docked within the binding pocket of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) similar to the well-known GSK-3beta inhibitor I-5. Several PMHs showed potent in vitro GSK-3beta inhibitory activity with an IC(50) range of 4-20microM. The most potent analogue 3 showed a significant increase in liver glycogen level at the 5, 15, and 25mg/kg dose levels, in vivo. Pharmacophore model was built and validated using in-house database of active and inactive GSK-3beta inhibitors. The GSK-3beta inhibitory activity of PMHs entitles them to be potential leads for the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer's disease, bipolar disorders, stroke, different tau pathologies, and type-2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, LA 71201, United States.
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khanfar
authors.forename: Bilal Abu
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Asal
authors.forename: Mudit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mudit
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaddoumi
authors.forename: Khalid A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: El Sayed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006827:Hydantoins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008956:Models, Chemical; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D006827:Hydantoins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D006003:Glycogen; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3