title: Seasonal population dynamics of Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in sweet orange trees maintained under continuous deficit irrigation.
abstract: A 2-yr study was conducted in a citrus orchard (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cultivar Valencia) to determine the influence of plant water stress on the population dynamics of glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar). Experimental treatments included irrigation at 100% of the crop evapotranspiration rate (ET(c)) and continuous deficit-irrigation regimens at 80 and 60% ET(c). Microclimate and plant conditions monitored included temperature and humidity in the tree canopy, leaf surface temperature, water potential, and fruit quality and yield. Glassy-winged sharpshooter population densities and activity were monitored weekly by a combination of visual inspections, beat net sampling, and trapping. Glassy-winged sharpshooter populations were negatively affected by severe plant water stress; however, population densities were not linearly related to decreasing water availability in plants. Citrus trees irrigated at 60% ET(c) had significantly warmer leaves, lower xylem water potential, and consequently hosted fewer glassy-winged sharpshooter eggs, nymphs, and adults than trees irrigated at 80% ET(c). Citrus trees irrigated at 100% ET(c) hosted similar numbers of glassy-winged sharpshooter stages as trees irrigated at 60% ET(c) and a lower number of glassy-winged sharpshooter nymphs than the 80% ET(c) treatment, specifically during the nymphal density peak in mid-April to early July. Irrigation treatments did not affect populations of monitored natural enemies. Although the adult glassy-winged sharpshooter population was reduced, on average, by 50% in trees under severe water stress, the total number of fruit and number of fruit across several fruit grade categories were significantly lower in the 60% ET(c) than in the 80 and 100% ET(c) irrigation treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, 3401 Watkins Dr., Riverside, CA 92521, USA. Rodrigo.Krugner@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krugner
authors.forename: Russell L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Groves
authors.forename: Marshall W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Arnel P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hagler
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Morse
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002140:California; D032084:Citrus sinensis; D005618:Fresh Water; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000254:growth & development*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature