title: Impact of a walking intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness, self-reported physical function, and pain in patients undergoing treatment for solid tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer treatment is associated with decline in measured and self-reported physical function and increased pain. In the current study, the authors evaluated the impact of a walking intervention on these outcomes during chemotherapy/radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with breast, prostate, and other cancers (N=126) were randomized to a home-based walking intervention (exercise) or usual care (control). Exercise dose during the intervention was assessed using a 5-item Physical Activity Questionnaire. Outcome measures were cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed as peak oxygen uptake (VO2) measured during treadmill testing (n=85) or estimated by 12-minute walk (n=27), and self-reported physical function, role limitations, and pain derived from Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36. Linear regression was used to evaluate pre-to-post intervention change outcomes between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 60.2 (10.6) years. Diagnoses included prostate (55.6%) and breast (32.5%) cancer. Treatment included external beam radiotherapy (52.3%) and chemotherapy (34.9%). Exercise patients reported worsening Medical Outcomes Study physical function role limitations by the end of cancer treatment (P=.037). Younger age was associated with improved Medical Outcomes Study physical function (P=.048). In all patients, increased exercise dose was associated with decreased Medical Outcomes Study pain (P=.046), regardless of diagnosis. The percent change of VO2 between prostate and nonprostate cancer patients when adjusted for baseline VO2 and Physical Activity Questionnaire values was 17.45% (P=.008), with better VO2 maintenance in the prostate group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise during cancer treatment improves cardiorespiratory fitness and self-reported physical function in prostate cancer patients and in younger patients, regardless of diagnosis, and may attenuate loss of those capacities in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Exercise also reduces the pain experience.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nursing Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. Griffith@son.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: JingJing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mock
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010146:Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012119:Respiration; D016138:Walking