title: The use of a comprehensive tumour xenograft dataset to validate gene signatures relevant for radiation response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the use of xenograft models in a novel gene signature validation method using gene expression microarrays.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression profiles of ten human Head and Neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) were obtained. Several published prognostic gene expression signatures were evaluated within this set. These consisted of different radiotherapy relevant signatures (i.e. for hypoxia, proliferation and 'stemness'). Signatures were correlated with various endpoints that have been determined in the ten different xenograft models. These include immunohistochemical measures for hypoxia and proliferation, volume doubling time (VDT) and local tumour control after fractionated irradiation or after single dose irradiation under clamp hypoxia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found several significant correlations between the published gene expression signatures and tumour parameters. Several signatures, like the proliferation and wound signature correlated with BrdU labelling index. Further a 'stemness'-related gene signature showed a strong negative correlation with hypoxic fraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous assessment of immunohistochemistry, in vivo tumour properties and gene expression profiling in a comprehensive set of xenograft models can be used to validate and potentially infer biological information about prognostic gene signatures.
authors.affiliation: Maastricht Radiation Oncology (MaastRO) Lab, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. maud.starmans@maastro.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Maud H W
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Starmans
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zips
authors.forename: Bradly G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lambin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002455:Cell Division / Q000528:radiation effects; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D016208:Databases, Factual; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000528:radiation effects; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000235:genetics*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D012334:RNA, Neoplasm