title: Phase II trial of neoadjuvant therapy with carboplatin, gemcitabine plus thalidomide for stages IIB and III non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This phase II study assessed the clinical activity of neoadjuvant therapy with carboplatin, gemcitabine, and thalidomide in patients with stage IIB to IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A secondary goal was to assay a panel of candidate serum biomarkers before and after neoadjuvant therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received three 21-day cycles consisting of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m) on days 1 and 8, carboplatin (area under the curve, 5.5) on day 1, and thalidomide (200 mg) daily after a gradual dose escalation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 22 patients (12 women, 10 men) were enrolled with inoperable stage IIB NSCLC (32%) or III NSCLC (68%). Median age was 53 years (range: 32-78). Sixty-six cycles of neoadjuvant therapy were administered with 10 cycles requiring dose reductions (21.28%). Response rates were 70% for partial response (n = 14), 20% for disease stability (n = 4), and 10% for disease progression (n = 2). Disease in 14 patients (70%) was downstaged, allowing for 10 lobectomies (45.5%), one bilobectomy (4.5%), and 3 pneumonectomies (13.64%). Grades 3/4 hematologic events included neutropenia (55%), thrombocytopenia (14%), and anemia (14%). Grade 3 skin toxicity was reported in one patient due to thalidomide. Posttreatment increases from baseline in serum levels of angiopoietin (100 pg/ml), platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (100 pg/ml), hepatocyte growth factor (100 pg/ml), vascular endothelial growth factor (10 pg/ml), and interleukin-8 (10 pg/ml) corresponded to a reduction in the probability of death (p = 0.09, 0.055, 0.097, 0.052, and 0.095, respectively). Overall survival was 3.6 years (95% CI: 1.938-infinity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This neoadjuvant regimen was well tolerated and effective in inoperable NSCLC and warrants additional investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. dudek002@umn.edu
authors.forename: Arkadiusz Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lesniewski-Kmak
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dragnev
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Isaksson
authors.forename: Vinita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Maddaus
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kratzke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D013792:Thalidomide; D016190:Carboplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine