title: Mumps virus Enders strain is sensitive to interferon (IFN) despite encoding a functional IFN antagonist.
abstract: Although the Enders strain of mumps virus (MuV) encodes a functional V protein that acts as an interferon (IFN) antagonist, in multi-cycle growth assays MuV Enders grew poorly in naïve ('IFN-competent' Hep2) cells but grew to high titres in 'IFN-compromised' Hep2 cells. Even so, the growth rate of MuV Enders was significantly slower in 'IFN-compromised' Hep2 cells when compared with its replication rate in Vero cells and with the replication rate of parainfluenza virus type 5 (a closely related paramyxovirus) in both naïve and 'IFN-compromised' Hep2 cells. This suggests that a consequence of slower growth is that the IFN system of naïve Hep2 cells can respond quickly enough to control the growth of MuV Enders. This is supported by the finding that rapidly growing variants of MuV Enders that were selected on 'IFN-compromised' Hep2 cells (i.e. in the absence of any selection pressure exerted by the IFN response) also grew to high titres on naïve Hep2 cells. Sequencing of the complete genome of one of these variants identified a single point mutation that resulted in a substitution of a conserved asparagine by histidine at position 498 of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein, although this mutation was not present in all rapidly growing variants. These results support the concept that there is a race between the ability of a cell to detect and respond to virus infection and the ability of a virus to block the IFN response. Importantly, this emphasizes that factors other than viral IFN antagonists influence the sensitivity of viruses to IFN.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Galiano
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lemon
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andrejeva
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Duprex
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Rima
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Randall
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D015707:HN Protein / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology*; D009109:Mumps virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D015707:HN Protein; D007372:Interferons