title: Homograft performance in children after the Ross operation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Ross operation may be the ideal aortic valve replacement in pediatric patients. However, reoperations for replacement of the homograft in the pulmonary position are inevitable. This study determined influencing factors for the development of homograft stenosis and regurgitation in pediatric Ross patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up echocardiograms of 116 children (86 boys) undergoing Ross operations at a mean age, 9.3 +/- 4.9 years were analyzed using hierarchic multilevel modeling. Mean duration of the echocardiographic follow-up was 5.3 +/- 4.2 years (609 patient-years, 398 examinations).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median homograft diameter z value was 0.3 (range -2.2 to +7.3). Mean homograft pressure gradient at implantation was 5.0 mm Hg with a significant increase of 4.2 mm Hg/y (p < 0.001) within the first 2 years and a steady state thereafter. Older donor age was significantly associated with lower mean pressure gradient at implantation (p = 0.037). Larger z value had no significant influence on the annual increase of pressure gradient (p = 0.87). Mean grade of regurgitation at implantation was 0.9, without significant annual increase (0.02 grade/y, (p = = 0.32). Older recipient (p = 0.005) and donor age (p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with lower mean regurgitation at implantation. Larger z value was associated with a higher annual increase of regurgitation (p = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relevant midterm homograft regurgitation is rare in children after the Ross operation. However, a significant annual increase occurs in the pressure gradient that cannot be influenced by larger graft size. Homograft oversizing may lead to a higher annual increase of regurgitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at Technical University, Munich, Germany. hoerer@dhm.mhn.de
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hörer
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanke
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stierle
authors.forename: Johanna J M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Takkenberg
authors.forename: Ad J J C
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bogers
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hemmer
authors.forename: Joachim G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rein
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hetzer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hübler
authors.forename: Derek R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Sievers
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000637:transplantation*; D012086:Reoperation; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome