title: Effects of mechanical massage, manual lymphatic drainage and connective tissue manipulation techniques on fat mass in women with cellulite.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three different noninvasive treatment techniques on fat mass and regional fat thickness of the patients with cellulites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty subjects were randomized into three groups. Group 1 (n = 20) treated with mechanical massage (MM), group 2 (n = 20) treated with manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) and group 3 (n = 20) treated with connective tissue manipulation (CTM) techniques. Subjects were evaluated by using standardized photographs, body composition analyzer (TBF 300) (body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), fat %, fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW)), circumference measurement from thigh, waist-hip ratio (WHR), fat thickness measurements from abdomen, suprailium and thigh regions with skin fold caliper.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups had an improvement in thinning of the subcutaneous fat after the treatment (P < 0.05). Thigh circumference decreased by an average of 0.5 cm in all groups and thigh fat thickness decreased 1.66 mm in Group 1, 2.21 mm in Group 2 and 3.03 mm in Group 3. Abdomen and suprailium fat thicknesses decreased 2.4 and 2.58 mm in Group 1, 1.78 and 2 mm in Group 2 and 1.23 and 0.64 mm in Group 3, respectively. The mean difference in waist-hip ratio was 0.1 cm in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All the treatment techniques are effective in decreasing the regional fat values of the patients with cellulites.
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, 06100 Ankara, Turkey. volgamel@yahoo.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bayrakci Tunay
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akbayrak
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bakar
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kayihan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ergun
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D003238:Connective Tissue; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000628:therapy*; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels; D008405:Massage; D008875:Middle Aged