title: Risk factors for excessive or inadequate gestational weight gain among Hispanic women in a U.S.-Mexico border state.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors for excessive or inadequate gestational weight gain and associated morbidities among Hispanic women in a U.S.-Mexico border state.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control design.
  
  
  METHODS
  New Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hispanic women responding to the New Mexico Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 2000 to 2003; 1,597 women in final excessive versus adequate gestational weight gain analyses and 1,351 in final inadequate versus adequate gestational weight gain analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information from birth certificates and Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System questionnaires were use in logistic regression analyses to identify risk factors and associated events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of excessive gestational weight gain was 35.7%, while inadequate gestational weight gain was 30.4%. Among factors associated with increased risk of excessive gestational weight gain were overweight (odds ratio [OR]=2.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.11, 3.90) or obese status (OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.38, 2.39), whereas residing in a U.S.-Mexico border county reduced such risk (OR=0.75, 95% CI=0.59, 0.97). Among risk factors for inadequate gestational weight gain were gestational diabetes (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.05, 2.37) and inadequate prenatal care (OR=2.17, 95% CI=1.56, 3.02). After adjusting for confounders, inadequate gestational weight gain increased risk of low birth weight (OR=l.92, 95% CI=1.11, 3.29), while excessive gestational weight gain reduced this risk (OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.12, 0.68) but increased risk of macrosomia (OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.32, 3.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prepregnant overweight and obese status were among factors associated with excessive gestational weight gain among Hispanic women, whereas inadequate prenatal care was among factors associated with increased risk of inadequate gestational weight gain.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, 1700 Red River Street, Austin, TX, USA.lwalker@mail.nur.utexas.edu
authors.forename: Lorraine O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hoke
authors.forename: Adama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009516:New Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D013851:Thinness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015430:Weight Gain