title: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in the vertebrate retina.
abstract: The phosphoinositide (PI) cycle, discovered over 50 years ago by Mabel and Lowell Hokin, describes a series of biochemical reactions that occur on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane of cells in response to receptor activation by extracellular stimuli. Studies from our laboratory have shown that the retina and rod outer segments (ROSs) have active PI metabolism. Biochemical studies revealed that the ROSs contain the enzymes necessary for phosphorylation of phosphoinositides. We showed that light stimulates various components of the PI cycle in the vertebrate ROS, including diacylglycerol kinase, PI synthetase, phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase, phospholipase C, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). This article describes recent studies on the PI3K-generated PI lipid second messengers in the control and regulation of PI-binding proteins in the vertebrate retina.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, and Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. r raju-rajala@ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: Raju V S
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Rajala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000201:enzymology*; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D021122:Protein Subunits; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases