title: [Mechanisms of in vitro anti-tumor effects of a Newcastle disease virus].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains with high in vitro anti-tumor effect for construction of recombinant NDV for clinical therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used MTr [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphemyltetra-zolium Bromide] assay to examine the anti-tumor effect on A549 and SMMC7721 cells infected by nearly 50 NDV strains. Several assays were used to analyze the apoptosis induced by NDV infection. These assays included: (1) Morphological analysis; (2) Hoechst? fluorescence dye testing; (3) Flow cytometric analysis, and (4) Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We obtained an NDV FMW strain that inhibited cell growth up to 60% at 48 h postinfection with an MOI (multiplex of infection) of 20. NDV-FMW could elicit apoptosis of infected tumor cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We observed the infected A549 and SMMC7721 cells with condensed and fragmented chromatin at 48 h postinfection. Apoptosis peak and hypodiploid cells were revealed by proidum iodide (PI) staining and cell cycle was blocked and arrested in G0/G1 phase in tested cells. Furthermore, annexin-V/PI staining showed that the apoptotic rates in SMMC7721 cells were 2.1%, 18.5%, 23.8% and 30.4% after treated with 0, 0.2, 2 and 20 MOI NDV-FMW for 48 h respectively. To elucidate the apoptosis pathways induced by NDV-FMW, we detected the expression of active caspase-3 and cleavages of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP). We demonstrated that caspase-3 in A549 cells was activated early at 16 h postinfection and PARP was cleaved subsequently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NDV-FMW had strong in vitro anti-tumor effect on A549 and SMMC7721 cells. Apoptosis of tumor cells induced by NDV-FMW via caspase-3 activation and NDV-FMW could be a potential cancer virotherapy agent.
authors.affiliation: College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China. ssmeng@yzu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Songshu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Maozhi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yantao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xinan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D053148:Caspase 3