title: The practice of physical medicine and rehabilitation in subSaharan Africa and Antarctica: A white paper or a black mark?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The medical specialty of physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) has had a proven impact on persons with disability and on health care systems. Documents such as The White Book on Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine in Europe have been important in defining the scope of practice within various regions. However, on some continents, the practice has not been well defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  To explore the practice of PM&R in subSaharan Africa and Antarctica.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline searches, membership data searches, fax survey of medical schools, Internet searches, and interviews with experts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The continents are dissimilar in terms of climate and government. However both Antarctica and subSaharan Africa have no PM&R training programs, no professional organizations, no specialty board requirements, and no practicing physicians in the field. Because there are no known disabled children on Antarctica and adults are airlifted to world-class health care, the consequences of this deficit are minimal there. However, the 788,000,000 permanent residents of subSaharan Africa, including approximately 78 million persons with disability, are left unserved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antarctica is doing fine. Africa is in a crisis. Local medical schools, hospitals doctors, and persons with disability; along with foreign volunteers, aid groups, and policymakers can impact the crisis. However government-specifically national ministries of health-is ultimately responsible for the health and wellbeing of citizens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Michigan, 325 E. Eisenhower, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA. andyhaig@umich.edu
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Haig
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Ayodeji
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adewole
authors.forename: Virgina S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krabak
mesh_terms: D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010810:Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine / Q000193:education* / Q000458:organization & administration*