title: Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord during sensory stimulation in diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if differences exist between control and diabetic rats in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity of the spinal cord and if fMRI can provide a means of early detection of diabetic neuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  fMRI of the spinal cord, using noxious electrical stimulation (15 V ( approximately 8 mA), 0.3 msec, 3 Hz) of the hind paw, was performed in groups of control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic rats were lighter, hyperglycemic, and had lower blood pH than controls. fMRI activity at the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord was identified in the dorsal horn ipsilateral to stimulus of all animals. Signal intensity changes across the lumbar spinal cord during periods of activity were not significantly different between control and diabetic rats, with a trend toward greater signal changes in controls. When specific regions of the spinal cord were analyzed, control rats exhibited significantly increased blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI activity in both ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal horn compared to diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study are consistent with reports that primary afferent input to the spinal cord is diminished by diabetes, and suggest that BOLD fMRI may be useful in early detection of diabetic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, Institute for Biodiagnostics, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Kris.malisza@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Krisztina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Malisza
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Marco L H
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gruwel
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Foreman
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernyhough
authors.forename: Nigel A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Calcutt
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D013311:Streptozocin