title: The diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder and unipolar depression: interrater reliability and congruence between DSM-IV and ICD-10.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study investigated the interrater reliability of the diagnoses of schizophrenia (SCH), schizoaffective disorder (SAD), bipolar disorder (BPD) and unipolar depression (UPD) according to both DSM-IV and ICD-10, as well as the diagnostic congruence between the two classificatory systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, two trained psychiatrists simultaneously evaluated 100 inpatients and independently assessed the psychiatric diagnoses. The Cohen's kappa coefficient was employed to estimate interrater reliability and diagnostic congruence between DSM-IV and ICD-10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SCH was more frequent according to ICD-10 than DSM-IV criteria. Considering both diagnostic systems, all the four nosological categories, but ICD-10 SAD and DSM-IV UPD, were associated with interrater reliability coefficients above 0.50. The coefficient of the diagnostic congruence between DSM-IV and ICD-10 was inferior to 0.50 only for SAD. BPD was associated with the highest degrees of both interrater reliability and diagnostic congruence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of an item excluding the occurrence of an affective syndrome among ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for SCH can account for: the larger frequency of SCH according to ICD-10 than DSM-IV; the unsatisfactory interrater reliability for the diagnosis of ICD-10 SAD, and the low diagnostic congruence for SAD.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), and School of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro (FCM/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. echeniaux@gmail.com
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cheniaux
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Landeira-Fernandez
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Versiani
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D055815:Young Adult