title: Stool methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of colorectal neoplasia in Korean patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of detecting hypermethylation in stool samples as a noninvasive screening tool for colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions, we evaluated the hypermethylation of three genes in the stool samples of patients with colorectal cancer, patients with colorectal adenomas, and healthy control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stool samples were obtained from 37 endoscopically diagnosed healthy controls, 52 patients with adenomas, and 60 patients with colorectal cancer. The methylation status of the methylguanine DNA methyltransferase, human Mut L homolog-1, and vimentin promoter in bisulfite-modified DNA was investigated in a blinded manner by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction with primer pairs designed to amplify specifically the methylated or unmethylated alleles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methylated methylguanine DNA methyltransferase, human Mut L homolog-1, and vimentin were detected in 51.7%, 30.0%, and 38.3% of colorectal cancer, and in 36.5%, 11.%, and 15.4% of colorectal adenomas, respectively. The sensitivities of the combined study, using three markers for the detection of colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas, were 75.0% and 59.6%. The specificity was 86.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results have demonstrated that the promoter hypermethylation for methylguanine DNA methyltransferase, human Mut L homolog-1, and vimentin in stool samples is a feasible epigenetic marker that is a sensitive, specific, and noninvasive alternative for colorectal cancer screening. This method of screening for colorectal cancer may be useful for patients that decline screening because of fear or inconvenience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo Hum
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Young Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bo Kyoung
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Dong Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014746:Vimentin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014746:Vimentin; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes