title: Archaeological resinous samples from Asian wrecks: Taxonomic characterization by GC-MS.
abstract: Plant resins, and particularly dammars from the Dipterocarpaceae family, were widely used in the past, notably as part of caulking material. The organic composition of resins, already complicated, is not always preserved over time and can be considerably affected by ageing. Hence, their occurrence in archaeological items leads to the necessity to identify them taxonomically with precision. Resinous organic materials collected near and/or on wrecks discovered in South China Sea, supposed to contain dammar resins because of their geographical excavation context, were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), together with freshly collected dammars, to establish taxonomic and alteration parameters allowing to identify dammar even in very altered samples or in mixtures together with other organic materials. This study specially focuses on three samples collected within or close to the M1J wreck, a Portuguese wreck lost in the Straight of Malacca during the 16th century. Our analyses establish that all three are made of dammar, two of them in association with pitch and bitumen. In addition, biodegradation biomarkers were detected in all these three samples, indicating that they were submitted to microbial degradation processes during their ageing.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biogéochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7177 du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Armelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charrié-Duhaut
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Connan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flecker
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Albrecht
mesh_terms: D001106:Archaeology; D044466:Asian People; D053958:Dipterocarpaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012116:Resins, Plant; D014315:Triterpenes