title: Statin use and risk of colorectal cancer in a cohort of middle-aged men in the US: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous modifiable factors have been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, including the chronic use of NSAIDs. Thus, it is biologically plausible that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), therapeutic agents that also possess anti-inflammatory effects, are also associated with a lowered risk of colorectal cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between statin use and the risk of colorectal cancer in a large cohort of middle-aged men enrolled in a prepaid, integrated health maintenance organization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective cohort study of 69 115 Northern and Southern California Kaiser Permanente (KP) members aged 45-69 years who enrolled in the California Men's Health Study in 2002-3. Colorectal cancer cases were identified by linkage to the KP California Cancer Registries. Statin exposure, estimated from automated KP outpatient pharmacy records (available since 1991 in Southern California and 1994 in Northern California), was treated as time-varying. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), while controlling for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a maximum of 3.5 years of follow-up, 171 colorectal cancer cases were identified. Compared with nonuse, the adjusted hazard ratio for ever use of statins was 0.89 (95% CI 0.61, 1.30). The hazard ratio for statin use of >or=5 years was 0.83 (95% CI 0.43, 1.63). The results did not differ markedly by type or severity of disease. There was also no evidence of effect modification by regular NSAID use. However, the stratified analyses were limited by small numbers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide little support for an association between the use of statins and the risk of colorectal cancer in men. There was some suggestion of a modest inverse association between statin use for >or=5 years and risk of colorectal cancer; however, the possibility that this observation may be related to regular NSAID use cannot be ruled out.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California 94612, USA.
authors.forename: E Dawn
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Flick
authors.forename: Laurel A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Habel
authors.forename: K Arnold
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Reina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: Virginia P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Stephen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Van Den Eeden
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sternfeld
authors.forename: Endel J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Orav
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Quesenberry
authors.forename: Bette J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Caan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012306:Risk; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors