title: Circulating and liver tissue levels of retinol-binding protein-4 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) has been proposed as a new adipokine that regulates insulin action in muscles and the liver, and contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. As non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to insulin resistance, we aimed to evaluate RBP4 levels in the serum and liver of patients with NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum RBP4 was measured in 30 NAFLD patients and 30 matched healthy controls. RBP4 expression in the liver of NAFLD patients was shown by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum RPB4 was significantly lower in NAFLD patients compared with controls (25.15 vs 34.66 microg/mL, P < 0.001) and there was no correlation with metabolic parameters or insulin resistance. RBP4 liver tissue immunostaining was more extensive and intense in NAFLD liver compared with normal liver and the RBP4 immunohistochemical score was positively correlated with the grade of steatosis, grade of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis activity and stage of fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In NAFLD patients, serum RBP4 was significantly lower as compared with controls and did not correlate with insulin resistance. In contrast, RBP4 liver tissue expression was enhanced and correlated with NAFLD histology.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schina
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koskinas
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tiniakos
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hadziyannis
authors.forename: Savvas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savvas
authors.forename: Basil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karamanos
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manesis
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Archimandritis