title: Short-term outcome of equine emergency admissions at a university referral hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obtaining data on emergency admission survival rates is important to provide clients with an estimate of prognosis and to identify areas in which improvements in case management can be achieved.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the short-term outcome of equine emergency admissions to a university referral hospital during a 12 month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Short-term outcome was defined as survival to discharge or died/euthanasia during hospitalisation. The overall death (euthanasia) rate was calculated; and rate for horses with different categories of: age; admission month, day and time; presenting complaint (PC); duration of clinical signs prior to presentation; clinical pathology abnormalities; and therapy/therapeutic-related procedures performed was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 918 admissions. The overall death rate was 24%. Foals (34%) and geriatric (40%) subjects had a death rate that was higher than that for mature horses (21%, referent). The death rate was highest in March (37%). Horses with a PC categorised as neurological (46%) or neonatal (41%) had the highest and as ophthalmological (5%) or trauma/skin (13%) the lowest death rates. There was no difference in death rate between different admission days or times or the duration of clinical signs prior to presentation. The death rates for horses with abnormal peritoneal fluid (71%), coagulopathy (63%), acid-base abnormalities (52%), hypoproteinaemia (47%), dehydration (43%), hypoxia/hypercapnia (48%), leucopenia (44%), electrolyte abnormalities (39%), hyperlactataemia (39%) or azotaemia (35%) were high. The death rate for horses treated with intranasal oxygen (57%), plasma (34%) or polymixin B (35%) was high and for horses undergoing laceration repair/joint (0%) or synovial cavity lavage (4%) was low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age and critical illness were important contributing factors to a higher death rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improving the understanding of disease processes in and developing treatment strategies for neonatal and geriatric patients as well as critically ill patients is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 W. Street Rd, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Southwood
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dolente
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindborg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boston
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006736:Horses; D006762:Hospitals, Animal; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome