title: [Cytomegalovirus and systemic lupus: severe infection and difficult diagnosis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are a few reports only on cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in lupus. Diagnosis of this infection is difficult and can be associated with of a poor outcome. We report three cases of infection with CMV that occurred in patients with lupus and review the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  The three reported patients presented with fever, polyarthritis, myocarditis and enteritis. Lupus was longstanding and the patients were receiving corticosteroids or cyclophosphamide. There was no major CD4 lymphopenia. The diagnosis was obtained with the presence of antigenemia pp65. The outcome was favorable with antiviral therapy in two patients, while the remaining patient died. In the English literature, pulmonary and intestinal involvement seem frequent, and associated with poor prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In systemic lupus CMV infection is often serious and difficult to diagnose. Risk factors, treatment and prophylaxis remain to be evaluated in this population. The incidence of this infection could increase among patients receiving a biotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne et centre de référence maladie auto-immunes systémiques, hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59037 Lille, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Declerck
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Queyrel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morell-Dubois
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dewilde
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Charlanne
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Launay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hachulla
authors.forename: P-Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Hatron
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide