title: Effect of intrauterine fetal programming on response to postnatal shaker stress in endothelial nitric oxide knockout mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the intrauterine environment affects the postnatal vascular response to stress in a model of fetal programming induced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Homozygous nitric oxide synthase knockout and wild-type controls were crossbred to obtain maternally and paternally derived heterozygous offspring. At 14 weeks of age, in vivo blood pressure measurements by telemetry, and in vitro carotid arteries vascular reactivity studies were performed in male offspring after subjecting them to shaker stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternally derived heterozygous offspring, compared with paternally derived heterozygous offspring, had significantly higher systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and pulse pressure before, as well as after introduction of the shaker stress. The difference in the latter between maternally and paternally derived heterozygous offspring was accentuated after stress. Maternally derived heterozygous offspring also had significantly higher contractile responses to phenylephrine when compared with paternally derived heterozygous offspring, and this was abolished after incubation with L-NAME.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adverse uterine environment affects the postnatal vascular response to stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Maged M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Costantine
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Giusseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiossi
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tamayo
authors.forename: Gary D V
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Hankins
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Saade
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Longo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D023421:Models, Animal; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000172:deficiency; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse