title: Imaging of cerebrospinal fluid leaks.
abstract: The present article provides an overview of epidemiology, clinical signs and symptoms, imaging techniques and specific imaging findings in cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Imaging protocols are supplemented with practical hints for invasive techniques. Emphasis is on the full scope of imaging findings in traumatic and nontraumatic cranial and spinal leaks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum Fulda, Pacelliallee 4, Fulda, Germany. ehofmann.raz@klinikum-fulda.de
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Behr
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwager
mesh_terms: D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D005402:Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D019585:Intracranial Hypotension / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D013353:Subdural Effusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver