[Psychosocial support care wanted and actually received by patients with cancer. Gender-specific differences].
OBJECTIVE
Professional psychosocial support of patients with cancer is an essential component of the entire process of medical care of these patients. But so far gender specific differences have only rarely been investigated. Yet some studies have suggested that there are differences between male and female patients regarding their psychological burden and their use of psychosocial support facilities. This article discusses the latter issue, based on empirical data.


METHODS
At the beginning of their treatment (t1) the patients were asked to answer a questionnaire exploring their needs and wishes regarding medical and psychological care, as well as regarding self-support. There were 252 patients (60% males; mean age of males = 60.1 ; mean age of females = 55.5) with different kinds of cancer (39.7% of males had prostate cancer; 26.7% of females had breast cancer). The follow-up (t2) took place half a year after t1. As part of the follow-up questionnaire data regarding the meeting of the individual patient's needs was collected. Standardized scales were used (t1, t2), as well as a clinical interview (SKID) (t1), which recorded psychological co-morbidity.


RESULTS
The need for support was found not to differ significantly between the genders but depended on the grade of co-morbidity and on the particular group of supporting professionals, respectively. Most frequently, within the overall condition "medical support" the patients' need for support (t1) and the actually received support (t2) were found to be coincident (85.7 - 94.2 %) for women as for men. Particularly with regard to psychological and social care, multivariate analysis revealed the need for care (t1) being a predictor of actually received support (t2). Especially within the group of women the factor "living alone" was found to explain the congruence between the need for care and the received support.


CONCLUSIONS
Few gender-specific differences regarding need for care and actually received support have been found within this cohort of male and female patients with cancer. It is a unclear to what degree such differences could be due to the design of the study. It is important to assess the patient's wishes and needs for multiprofessional care at the beginning of cancer treatment. In addition the family and social situation must be taken into account.
Ernst
J
J
Selbständige Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig. Jochen.Ernst@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
Lehmann
A
A
Krauss
O
O
Köhler
U
U
Schwarz
R
R
D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires