Preoperative indications for percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in 2009.
Abstract Since the first description of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) over 30 years ago, the indications for this procedure in the management of upper tract urinary stones has greatly expanded. Despite recent advances in shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopic technologies, PNL maintains a dominant role in the management of complex and large volume upper tract stones. The contemporary indications for PNL are reviewed herein.
Méndez Probst
Carlos E
CE
Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario, Canada .
Denstedt
John D
JD
Razvi
Hassan
H
D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D011300:Preoperative Care; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000601:surgery*