title: Mucoadhesive liposomes for intranasal immunization with an avian influenza virus vaccine in chickens.
abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize a nasally delivered bioadhesive liposome using an inactivated H5N3 virus as a model antigen. Bioadhesive liposomes were developed using tremella (T) or xanthan gum (XG) as the bioadhesive polysaccharide. Using chickens as the target animal, we evaluated whether delivery of a bioadhesive liposomal influenza vaccine via a mucosal site of infection could improve vaccine effectiveness. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that T, XG and liposomes were non toxic to chicken spleen macrophages. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the adjuvant effect of the bioadhesive liposomal-vaccines. Chickens immunized with a low dose (200 microL) of bioadhesive liposomal influenza vaccine had significantly higher mucosal and serum antibody levels (P<0.05). In addition, liposomes mixed with a low-viscosity bioadhesive gel used for nasal delivery resulted in superior antibody responses compared with liposomes mixed with a high-viscosity gel (P<0.05). This suggest that a low-viscosity gel mixed with liposomes is more suitable for nasal delivery, and that chickens elicit higher mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and serum IgG after two vaccinations.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chwei-Jang
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Ming-Chung
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Pei-Rong
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shang-Li
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tasi
authors.forename: Tze-Wen
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Yi-You
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Der-Zen
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002645:Chickens; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D008081:Liposomes