title: Clinical interpretation of a lower-extremity functional scale-derived computerized adaptive test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increasing use of computerized adaptive tests (CATs) to generate outcome measures during rehabilitation has prompted questions concerning score interpretation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe meaningful interpretations of functional status (FS) outcome measures estimated with a body part-specific CAT developed from the Lower-Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This investigation was a prospective cohort study of 8,714 people who had hip impairments and were receiving physical therapy in 257 outpatient clinics in 31 states (United States) between January 2005 and June 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four approaches were used to clinically interpret outcome data. First, the standard error of the estimate was used to construct the 90% confidence interval for each CAT-generated score estimate. Second, percentile ranks were applied to FS scores. Third, 2 threshold approaches were used to define individual subject-level change: statistically reliable change and clinically important change. The fourth approach was a functional staging method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The precision of a single score was estimated from the FS score +/-4. On the basis of the score distribution, 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile ranks corresponded to intake FS scores of 40, 48, and 59 and discharge FS scores of 50, 61, and 75, respectively. The reliable change index supported the conclusion that changes in FS scores of 7 or more units represented statistically reliable change, and receiver operating characteristic analyses supported the conclusion that changes in FS scores of 6 or more units represented minimal clinically important improvement. Participants were classified into 5 hierarchical levels of FS using a functional staging method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because this study was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data via a proprietary database management company, generalizability of results may be limited to participating clinics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated how outcome measures generated from the hip LEFS CAT can be interpreted to improve clinical meaning. This finding might facilitate the use of patient-reported outcomes by clinicians during rehabilitation services.
authors.affiliation: Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, 345 E Superior St, Ste 1406, Chicago, IL 60611-2654 USA. inga-wang@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Ying-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dennis L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Stratford
authors.forename: Jerome E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mioduski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012984:Software; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult