title: Resveratrol induces mitochondrial alterations, autophagy and a cryptobiosis-like state in scuticociliates.
abstract: The phytoalexin resveratrol (RESV), a defensive substance produced by plants in response to infection by pathogenic microorganisms, displays a wide range of biological effects in mammalian cells. In the present study, we analysed the in vitro effect of RESV on the amphizoic ciliate Philasterides dicentrarchi and demonstrated for the first time that this polyphenol causes cellular and metabolic abnormalities that generate an autophagic process and a state similar to cryptobiosis in the ciliate. At concentrations between 50 and 100 microM, RESV had a cytocidal effect when the ciliate was grown in medium with low levels of nutrients, and a cytostatic effect when the parasite was grown in culture media rich in nutrients. At these concentrations, RESV induced alterations in mitochondria, generated autophagy, provoked a reduction in the cell volume, and also drastically reduced the ciliate endocytic activity in small ciliates, generating a state compatible with cryptobiosis. The results demonstrate that RESV is a potent inducer of autophagy in the scuticociliate P. dicentrarchi. The ciliate may therefore be a good experimental organism for identifying autophagy-inducing drugs with therapeutic potential in diseases in which autophagy plays a protective role.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, c/Constantino Candeira s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela (La Coruña), Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lamas
authors.forename: Manuel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sanmartín
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orallo
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D016802:Oligohymenophorea / Q000187:drug effects*; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol