title: Feature- and order-based timing representations in the frontal cortex.
abstract: We examined activity in the frontal cortex as monkeys performed a duration-discrimination task. Two stimuli, one red and the other blue, appeared sequentially on a video screen--in either order. Later, both stimuli reappeared, and to receive a reward the monkeys had to choose the stimulus that had lasted longer during its initial presentation. Some neurons encoded stimulus duration, but a larger number of cells represented their relative duration, which was encoded in three ways: whether the first or second stimulus had lasted longer; whether the red or blue stimulus had lasted longer; or, less commonly, as the difference between the two durations. As the monkeys' choice approached, the signal encoding which stimulus (red or blue) had lasted longer increased as the order-based signal dissipated. By representing stimulus durations and relative durations--both bound to stimulus features and event order--the frontal cortex could contribute to both temporal perception and episodic memory.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. aldo.genovesio@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Genovesio
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Wise
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D000882:Haplorhini; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012201:Reward