Functional outcomes among premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage.
OBJECTIVE
This work evaluated the mortality and functional outcomes of premature infants sustaining intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). These outcomes were analyzed for their association with IVH severity, development of hydrocephalus and need for ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion.


METHODS
A retrospective review was performed of neonates at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario who sustained IVH (1989-2005). Logistic regression tested demographic predictors of IVH severity, development of hydrocephalus and mortality. Chi(2) analysis differentiated functional outcomes and mortality by IVH grade, development of hydrocephalus and intervention for cerebrospinal fluid diversion. All analyses used the 0.05 significance level.


RESULTS
Data were available for 284 patients with an average follow-up of 5.1 years. These were distributed as grade I (n = 135), grade II (n = 52), grade III (n = 43) and grade IV (n = 54), with lower gestational age and birth weight predicting disease severity. Hydrocephalus developed in 21% of patients, of whom 39% required VP shunt insertion. Overall mortality of 20% depended on IVH grade and was highest for grade IV patients (59%). Functional independence diminished with IVH severity, and patients with hydrocephalus fared worse than those without this sequel. Outcomes of patients developing hydrocephalus were similar whether or not they eventually required VP shunt insertion.


CONCLUSIONS
This study describes a large cohort of neonatal IVH, describing how disease severity affects mortality and functional outcome. The overall mortality of nearly 1 in 5 patients is primarily of grade IV patients, with no difference between grade II and grade III. Further, patients surviving their hydrocephalus exhibited no worse functional deterioration if they required surgical intervention.
Vassilyadi
Michael
M
Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont., Canada. vassilyadi@cheo.on.ca
Tataryn
Zachary
Z
Shamji
Mohammed F
MF
Ventureyra
Enrique C G
EC
D000293:Adolescent; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt