title: Clinical and biological significance of CXCR5 expressed by prostate cancer specimens and cell lines.
abstract: Chemokines and chemokine receptors have been shown to be involved in metastatic process of prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we show primary PCa tissues and cell lines (LNCaP and PC3) express CXCR5, a specific chemokine receptor for CXCL13. Expression of CXCR5 was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in PCa cases than compared to normal match (NM) tissues. CXCR5 intensity correlated (R(2) = 0.97) with Gleason score. While prostate tumor tissues with Gleason scores >or= 7, displayed predominantly nuclear CXCR5 expression patterns, PCa specimens with Gleason scores <or= 6 showed predominantly membrane and cytoplasmic expression patterns that were comparable to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Similar to tissue expression, PCa cell lines expressed significantly more CXCR5 than normal prostatic epithelial cells (PrECs), and CXCR5 expression was distributed among intracellular and extracellular compartments. Functional in vitro assays showed higher migratory and invasive potentials toward CXCL13, an effect that was mediated by CXCR5. In both PCa cell lines, CXCL13 treatment increased the expression of collagenase-1 or matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) and stromelysin-3 (MMP-11). These data demonstrate the clinical and biological relevance of the CXCL13-CXCR5 pathway and its role in PCa cell invasion and migration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Shailesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Udai P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Shesh N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: Kristian R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Novakovic
authors.forename: Leland W K
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Didier
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Grizzle
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lillard
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C110663:CXCL13 protein, human; C095085:CXCR5 protein, human; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases