title: [Diversity analysis of anaerobic fungi in the co-cultures with or without methanogens by amplified ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A molecular-based approach for anaerobic fungal community analysis was developed. The diversity of anaerobic fungi in the co-cultures with or without methanogens was analyzed by amplified ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Co-cultures of anaerobic fungi and methanogens were obtained from rumen digesta using anaerobic fungal medium and the addition of penicillin and streptomycin and ampicillin alternatively and then subcultured 15 times by transferring cultures every 3 d separately for each replicate. At the end of the third subcultures, the co-cultures were inoculated to another bottles adding with chloramphenicol to obtain fungal cultures without methanogens. Total DNA from the original rumen digesta and subcultured co-cultures and fungal cultures was used for amplified ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diversity of anaerobic fungi decreased corresponding with the subculture of the co-cultures. The anaerobic fungi represented by 354-375 and 425-438 bp in the amplified ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis profiles were not deteched in the co-cultures after the second subcultures and the anaerobic fungi represented by 383, 389-391 and 413-418 bp were dominant along with the subcultures. The community of anaerobic fungi was different in the co-cultures with or without methanogens. The anaerobic fungi represented by 383.51, 391.44 and 413.55 bp in the amplified ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis profiles were dominant in the co-cultures with methanogens, while the anaerobic fungi represented by 415.80, 425.66, 437.46 and 438.47 bp were dominant in the co-cultures without methangens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The molecular-based approach amplified ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis was suitable for analysis of anaerobic fungi in the environmental samples. The diversity of anaerobic fungi decreased along with the subculture of the co-cultures and the anaerobic fungal community became stable after the 4th subculture of the co-cultures. The anaerobic fungal community was different in the co-cultures with or without methanogens.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. yanfencheng@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Yanfen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Weiyun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D002417:Cattle; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics*; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017012:Methanobacteriales / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D010406:Penicillins; D000667:Ampicillin; D008697:Methane; D013307:Streptomycin