title: Shrub encroachment can reverse desertification in semi-arid Mediterranean grasslands.
abstract: The worldwide phenomenon of shrub encroachment in grass-dominated dryland ecosystems is commonly associated with desertification. Studies of the purported desertification effects associated with shrub encroachment are often restricted to relatively few study areas, and document a narrow range of possible impacts upon biota and ecosystem processes. We conducted a study in degraded Mediterranean grasslands dominated by Stipa tenacissima to simultaneously evaluate the effects of shrub encroachment on the structure and composition of multiple biotic community components, and on various indicators of ecosystem function. Shrub encroachment enhanced vascular plant richness, biomass of fungi, actinomycetes and other bacteria, and was linked with greater soil fertility and N mineralization rates. While shrub encroachment may be a widespread phenomenon in drylands, an interpretation that this is an expression of desertification is not universal. Our results suggest that shrub establishment may be an important step in the reversal of desertification processes in the Mediterranean region.
authors.affiliation: Area de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain. fernando.maestre@urjc.es
authors.forename: Fernando T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Maestre
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bowker
authors.forename: María D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Puche
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belén Hinojosa
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García-Palacios
authors.forename: Andrea P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soliveres
authors.forename: Arántzazu L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Luzuriaga
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carreira
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Escudero
mesh_terms: D003889:Desert Climate; D017753:Ecosystem; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D012987:Soil