title: In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Garcinia kola seeds.
abstract: Garcinia kola Heckel--a tropical plant which grows in moist forest, has found wide applications in traditional medicine especially in the West and Central African sub-region. The seeds have been demonstrated to possess numerous bioactivities but research is highly limited on the link between its fractions and the bioactivities. In this work, the methanolic extract of Garcinia kola seeds was subjected to silica gel column chromatography into five fractions ME1-ME5 and the free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant potentials were determined for each fraction using various in vitro models. The ME4 fraction possessed the greatest activities. It was also demonstrated that the ME4 fraction strongly inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide activated macrophage U937 cells. Chromatographic fractionation and spectroscopic analysis of the ME4 fraction revealed the presence of four compounds namely garcinia biflavonoids GB1 and GB2, garcinal and garcinoic acid. These findings show that these four compounds are partly responsible for the great antioxidant potential of Garcinia kola seeds. This gives further evidence to the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential of Garcinia kola.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemical Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. tebebuddy@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tebekeme
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okoko
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029763:Garcinia kola / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D020298:U937 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical