title: Individual variability in the human metabolism of an arsenic-containing carbohydrate, 2',3'-dihydroxypropyl 5-deoxy-5-dimethylarsinoyl-beta-D-riboside, a naturally occurring arsenical in seafood.
abstract: We report studies on the variability in human metabolism of an oxo-arsenosugar involving the ingestion of a chemically synthesized arsenosugar and quantitative determination of the arsenic metabolites in urine and serum by HPLC coupled with arsenic-selective mass spectrometric detection (ICPMS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The total, four-day, urinary excretion of arsenic for six volunteers ranged widely from ca. 4-95%. The arsenic metabolites present in the urine also showed great variability: high arsenic excretion was accompanied by almost complete biotransformation of the ingested oxo-arsenosugar into a multitude of metabolites (>10), whereas the subjects that excreted low amounts of arsenic produced low quantities of metabolites relative to unchanged oxo-arsenosugar and its thio-analogue. Major arsenic urinary metabolites were dimethylarsinate (DMA) and possible intermediates in the degradation of arsenosugar to DMA, namely, dimethylarsinoylethanol (DMAE) and dimethylarsinoylacetate (DMAA) present both as their oxo- and thio-analogues. Thio-DMAE and thio-DMAA were also found in blood serum indicating that these species were formed in the liver rather than on storage of the urine in the bladder. The large variability in the way individuals metabolize arsenosugars has implications for risk assessment of arsenic intake from seafood.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Reingard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raml
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raber
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rumpler
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bauernhofer
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goessler
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Francesconi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001149:Arsenates / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017747:Seafood / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: C506413:2',3'-dihydroxypropyl 5-deoxy-5-dimethylarsinoyl-beta-D-riboside; D001149:Arsenates; D009005:Monosaccharides