title: Symphyseal mandibular fractures associated with bicondylar fractures: a retrospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Achieving functional and anatomic restoration is remarkably difficult in patients with symphyseal mandibular fractures associated with bicondylar fractures. Our objective was to evaluate the functional and esthetic outcomes of a group of patients who underwent surgery using rigid fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study, 25 patients with symphyseal mandibular fractures associated with bicondylar fractures surgically treated from 1998 to 2008 at the Division of Maxillofacial Surgery of the University of Turin were retrospectively analyzed. The standardized evaluation consisted of an evaluation of occlusion, assessment of mandibular motion, and esthetic evaluation of facial width.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients showed good mandibular motion and good occlusion. After esthetic evaluation of the facial width of the 25 patients, 23 patients were rated as "excellent" or "good."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful treatment of multiple mandibular fractures may be achieved by different techniques. The key point is the re-establishment of the transversal bigonial dimension by a correct reconstruction of the mandibular arch.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerbino
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffano
authors.forename: Giovanni Francesco
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Bosco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D002508:Cephalometry; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult