title: Trajectories of autonomy development across the adolescent transition in children with spina bifida.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study investigated individual growth in autonomy development across the adolescent transition, comparing the trajectories of children with and without spina bifida.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual growth curve modeling procedures were utilized to describe the developmental course of autonomy across four waves of data collection, from ages 9 to 15, and to test whether illness status [spina bifida vs. matched comparison group (N = 68 for both groups at Time 1)] would significantly predict individual variability in autonomy development. Potential moderators [child gender, SES, and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) score] of the association between illness status and autonomy development were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with spina bifida demonstrated distinct developmental trajectories, though the nature of the group differences varied by type of autonomy development (emotional vs. behavioral), context (i.e. school vs. family), and reporter. Significant interactions with PPVT score and child gender were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, children with spina bifida show considerable developmental resiliency, but may lag behind their peers in specific areas of autonomy. Boys with spina bifida, and children with spina bifida who have lower than average levels of verbal intelligence, appear to be at greater risk for exhibiting delays in autonomy development.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA. dfriedman@partners.org
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Grayson N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Holmbeck
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DeLucia
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jandasek
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zebracki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002641:Chicago; D002648:Child; D003657:Decision Making; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007207:Individuation; D007360:Intelligence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010552:Personality Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D012803:Sick Role; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*