title: VHL loss causes spindle misorientation and chromosome instability.
abstract: Error-free mitosis depends on fidelity-monitoring checkpoint systems that ensure correct temporal and spatial coordination of chromosome segregation by the microtubule spindle apparatus. Defects in these checkpoint systems can lead to genomic instability, an important aspect of tumorigenesis. Here we show that the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor protein, pVHL, which is inactivated in hereditary and sporadic forms of renal cell carcinoma, localizes to the mitotic spindle in mammalian cells and its functional inactivation provokes spindle misorientation, spindle checkpoint weakening and chromosomal instability. Spindle misorientation is linked to unstable astral microtubules and is supressed by the restoration of wild-type pVHL in pVHL-deficient cells, but not in naturally-occurring VHL disease mutants that are defective in microtubule stabilization. Impaired spindle checkpoint function and chromosomal instability are the result of reduced Mad2 (mitotic arrest deficient 2) levels actuated by pVHL-inactivation and are rescued by re-expression of either Mad2 or pVHL in VHL-defective cells. An association between VHL inactivation, reduced Mad2 levels and increased aneuploidy was also found in human renal cancer, implying that the newly identified functions of pVHL in promoting proper spindle orientation and chromosomal stability probably contribute to tumour suppression.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Claudio R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Thoma
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toso
authors.forename: Katrin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gutbrodt
authors.forename: Sabina P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Reggi
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Frew
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schraml
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hergovich
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moch
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meraldi
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krek
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000782:Aneuploidy; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D043171:Chromosomal Instability; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D064246:Mad2 Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D008938:Mitosis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; C577697:MAD2L1 protein, human; D064246:Mad2 Proteins; C577698:Mad2l1 protein, mouse; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C068688:centromere protein E; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein