title: Migraine and biomarkers of endothelial activation in young women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is mounting evidence of endothelial activation and dysfunction in migraine. Our objectives were to determine in a population of premenopausal women whether endothelial activation markers are associated with migraine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (18 to 50 years) with and without migraine and free from cardiovascular disease were evaluated with tests of coagulation (von Willebrand factor activity, prothrombin fragment), fibrinolysis (tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen), inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and oxidative stress (homocysteine, total nitrate/nitrite concentrations, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one participants had migraine with aura (MA), 64 had migraine without aura (MO), and 50 were controls. Compared with controls, women with migraine had higher adjusted odds ratios for elevated von Willebrand factor activity of 6.51 (95% CI, 1.94 to 21.83) in those with MA and of 4.59 (95% CI, 1.37 to 15.38) in those with MO, elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein of 7.99 (95% CI, 2.32 to 27.61) in those with MA and of 2.63 (95% CI, 0.73 to 9.45) in those with MO, and for lower nitrate/nitrite levels of 6.60 (95% CI, 2.06 to 21.16) in those with MA and of 3.03 (95% CI, 0.90 to 10.15) in those with MO. Within the migraine group, von Willebrand factor activity was correlated with tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen (P=0.035) and nitrate/nitrite (P=0.024). There was a trend with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P=0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In premenopausal women with migraine, particularly in those with MA, there is evidence of increased endothelial activation, a component of endothelial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA. gretchen.tietjen@utoledo.edu
authors.forename: Gretchen E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Tietjen
authors.forename: Nabeel A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Herial
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Utley
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kosmyna
authors.forename: Sadik A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khuder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020325:Migraine with Aura / Q000097:blood*; D020326:Migraine without Aura / Q000097:blood*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator