title: Alcohol abuse, immunosuppression, and pulmonary infection.
abstract: Excessive alcohol consumption predisposes the host to a wide range of infectious complications, particularly pulmonary infections. Factors that contribute to the development of pulmonary infections in alcohol-abusing patients include dysfunction of the protective barriers in the respiratory tract, aspiration of oropharyngeal contents, nutritional deficiencies, liver disease, and impairment of host defense mechanisms. This review discusses the complex host-pathogen interactions in the airways with an emphasis on how alcohol consumption adversely affects these mechanisms and predisposes the host to infections. Potential immunomodulatory strategies for enhancing host defense function in alcohol-consuming patients are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/CCM, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bagby
authors.forename: Kyle I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Happel
authors.forename: Caroline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Raasch
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007110:Immunity, Active / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D045363:Pneumocystis carinii; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors