title: Combination of variant and microvascular angina.
abstract: Prinzmetal's variant angina (VA) and cardiac syndrome X (CSX) are two distinct, usually easily recognizable, forms of angina syndromes, caused by epicardial spasm, usually responsible for transient transmural myocardial ischemia at rest and by coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMVD), usually responsible for effort induced subendocardial ischemia, respectively. In this article we report clinical evidence in three patients of the simultaneous occurrence of angina episodes typical of both VA and CSX, suggesting that common pathogenetic factors may be responsible for clinical manifestations both of functional macrovascular and microvascular coronary artery abnormalities in some angina patients.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Cardiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Infusino
authors.forename: Gaetano A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sestito
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sgueglia
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maseri
mesh_terms: D000788:Angina Pectoris, Variant / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents