title: Syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 are involved in RANTES/CCL5-induced migration and invasion of human hepatoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously demonstrated that the CC-chemokine Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES)/CCL5 exerts pro-tumoral effects on human hepatoma Huh7 cells through its G protein-coupled receptor, CCR1. Glycosaminoglycans play major roles in these biological events.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we explored 1/ the signalling pathways underlying RANTES/CCL5-mediated hepatoma cell migration or invasion by the use of specific pharmacological inhibitors, 2/ the role of RANTES/CCL5 oligomerization in these effects by using a dimeric RANTES/CCL5, 3/ the possible involvement of two membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans, syndecan-1 (SDC-1) and syndecan-4 (SDC-4) in RANTES/CCL5-induced cell chemotaxis and spreading by pre-incubating cells with specific antibodies or by reducing SDC-1 or -4 expression by RNA interference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data suggest that focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation, phosphoinositide 3-kinase-, mitogen-activated protein kinase- and Rho kinase activations are involved in RANTES/CCL5 pro-tumoral effects on Huh7 cells. Interference with oligomerization of the chemokine reduced RANTES/CCL5-mediated cell chemotaxis. This study also indicates that SDC-1 and -4 may be required for HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7 human hepatoma cell migration, invasion or spreading induced by the chemokine. These results also further demonstrate the involvement of glycosaminoglycans as the glycosaminoglycan-binding deficient RANTES/CCL5 variant, in which arginine 47 was replaced by lysine, was devoid of effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modulation of RANTES/CCL5-mediated cellular effects by targeting the chemokine-syndecan interaction could represent a new therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U698, CNRS, UMR 7033, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Faten
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Charni
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Friand
authors.forename: Oualid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hlawaty
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vassy
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oudar
authors.forename: Liliane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gattegno
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Charnaux
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sutton
mesh_terms: D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance; D053668:Syndecan-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053671:Syndecan-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D053668:Syndecan-1; D053671:Syndecan-4; C432165:pyrazolanthrone; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one