title: [Endoscopic methods of non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding haemostasis--retrospective analysis].
abstract: The upper gastrointestinal bleeding continues to be a significant therapeutic problem despite the progress in endoscopic treatment. Due to its dynamics, it may lead to an imminent danger to life or to a sudden necessity of surgical intervention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate the results of the treatment of the patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding using the therapeutic endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  . The analysis of 214 histories of the diseases of the patients with the endoscopic methods of haemostasis for upper gastrointestinal bleeding aged 18-102, hospitalized in the 5th Military Clinical Hospital in Cracow between 2000 and 2008 was carried out. The injection, thermal and mechanical methods are being used during the endoscopic methods of haemostasis. In the research, injecting the bleeding area with a saline solution with adrenaline was applied as the endoscopic methods of haemostasis. Causes of bleeding, its intensity, location, a number of recurrences, deaths, necessity of surgical intervention, a number of blood substitutes transfusions and a number of endoscopic methods of haemostasis depending on age and sex were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most often, bleeding was caused by the gastric ulcers, located in stomach center along the greater curvature. Patients aged 66-79 suffered from bleeding most frequently; while the patients under 30 constituted the smallest group. Recurrences of bleeding were observed in 34 patients; they occurred equally often in gastric and duodenum ulceration. 14 patients required surgical procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of the performed analysis, it can be inferred that gastric ulceration, located in the stomach center along the greater curvature, constitutes the most frequent source from the upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and occurs more frequently in males than females, aged mainly 66-79. Endoscopic methods of haemostasis by injections with a saline solution with adrenaline proved to be a significantly effective method since only 6.54% patients required a surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: 5th Military Clinical Hospital in Cracow, Department of Internal Medicine with Gastroenterology Unit. lillasp@interia.pl
authors.forename: Lilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sieradzka-Patykiewicz
authors.forename: Iwon
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grys
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult