title: Narrative exposure therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy. A pilot randomized controlled trial with Rwandan genocide orphans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment modules for trauma spectrum disorders in a sample of Rwandan genocide orphans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six orphans (originally 27) who presented with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at first assessment continued to meet a PTSD DSM-IV diagnosis 6 months after their initial assessment. They were offered participation in a controlled treatment trial. A group adaptation of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT, n = 14) was compared to individual narrative exposure therapy (NET, n = 12). The last NET session involved guided mourning. Each treatment program consisted of 4 weekly sessions. Main outcome measures were diagnostic status and symptoms of PTSD and depression assessed before treatment, at 3 months post-test and at 6 months follow-up using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and Hamilton Rating Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At post-test, there were no significant group differences between NET and IPT on any of the examined outcome measures. At 6-month follow-up, only 25% of NET, but 71% of IPT participants still fulfilled PTSD criteria. There was a significant time x treatment interaction in the severity of PTSD [Wilks' Lambda = 0.75, F(2,23) = 3.93; p < 0.05] and depression symptoms [Wilks' Lambda = 0.23, F(2,23) = 3.40; p = 0.05]. At follow-up, NET participants were significantly more improved than IPT participants with respect to both the severity of symptoms of PTSD and depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individual NET in combination with group-based mourning comprises an effective treatment for traumatized survivors who have to bear the loss of loved ones and have been suffering from symptoms of PTSD and depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. susanne.schaal@uni-konstanz.de
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schaal
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Elbert
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Neuner
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054540:Child, Orphaned / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006708:Homicide / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D033262:Narration; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods; D012432:Rwanda; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult