title: Factors associated with positive margins in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and postconization management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk factors for positive margins in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 and the outcomes of postconization management.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the records of 1113 women who underwent conization for CIN 3 between 2000 and 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive margins occurred in the following: 104 (10.7%) women with severe dysplasia versus 37 (26.2%) with carcinoma in situ; 32 (4.8%) treated with cold knife conization versus 109 (24.1%) treated with the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP); and 124 (11.6%) premenopausal versus 17 (35.4%) postmenopausal women. None of the women with severe dysplasia had invasive disease in the repeat excision specimen, whereas 3 (8.6%) women with carcinoma in situ had residual microinvasive carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LEEP, carcinoma in situ, menopausal status, and larger area of lesion are risk factors for positive margins. For women with CIN 3 and positive margins, follow-up at an interval of 6 months or repeat excision are treatment options. However, when repeat excision is technically impossible, whether simple hysterectomy or radical surgery is a rational treatment option requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yaxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hongxian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019092:Conization / Q000379:methods*; D004598:Electrosurgery / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D017697:Premenopause; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery