title: Random peritoneal biopsies have limited value in staging of apparent early stage epithelial ovarian cancer after thorough exploration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relative value of abdominal exploration, lymphadenectomy, omentectomy and random peritoneal biopsies in the staging of apparent early stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not been rigorously evaluated. We sought to define the clinical significance of random peritoneal biopsies of otherwise benign appearing tissues in staging of grossly early EOC.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with apparent early stage EOC undergoing staging from 1/1994 to 12/2003 were evaluated to identify surgical-pathologic findings responsible for upstaging at time of exploratory surgery. Demographics, surgical findings and operative outcomes were abstracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 211 patients with apparent early EOC were included. Only 9 patients were upstaged based on pathology indicating a high negative predictive value of thorough exploration and lymphadenectomy. One patient (1/118; 0.8%) was upstaged from stage I disease to stage II disease based on random biopsy of pelvic peritoneum: all other stage II patients had visible disease. No patients were upstaged from stage I disease to stage III disease due to random biopsies or microscopic omental disease. Eight patients (3.8%) were upstaged from stage II to stage III disease based on random biopsies of upper abdominal peritoneum or the omentum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study of apparent early stage EOC, random peritoneal biopsies and omentectomy added little diagnostic value beyond careful inspection of all peritoneal surfaces when EOC is grossly limited to the ovaries. Within our study, less than 4% of patients with pelvic metastasis were upstaged due to these particular staging procedures. No patients in our cohort had a change in treatment recommendations based on these biopsies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 201 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Cecelia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Powless
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 201 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bakkum-Gamez
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 201 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Giovanni D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Aletti
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 201 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: Cliby.william@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cliby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult