title: Subjective and objective perceptions of specular gloss and surface roughness of esthetic resin composites before and after artificial aging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correlate measurements of specular gloss and surface roughness of resin composite materials with subjective perception of luster before and after artificial aging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polished specimens of eight composites were compared with human enamel (HE): microfilled SR Adoro (SR); microhybrid Artemis (AR), Enamel HFO (EHFO), Miris (MI), Tetric Ceram (TC), Venus (VE); and nanohybrid CeramX (CX) and nanofilled Filtek Supreme (FS). Before, during and after artificial aging (6000 thermal changes between 5 degrees C and 50 degrees C in an artificial oral environment, 240 hours storage in a container with ethanol, 300 minutes of toothbrushing), specular gloss and surface roughness were measured. Initial and endpoint gloss results were correlated with subjective luster rankings of 10 individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Artificial aging resulted in minor (EHFO, CX, FS), moderate (SR, MI, TC, VE) to high (AR) increases in surface roughness. Specular gloss decreased linearly for SR and FS, but decreased after an initial increase for all other materials. Subjectively, AR and FS were rated more and TC, VE and CX less lustrous than HE at baseline. After aging, luster of EHFO and FS was ranked higher and AR, TC, and VE lower than HE. Surface roughness was consistent with subjective perceptions (correlation coefficient: initial r = 0.913; endpoint r = 0.944, P < or = 0.0006), whereas specular gloss was consistent with subjective perceptions only after artificial aging (initial r = 0.616, P = 0.1084; endpoint r = 0.834, P = 0.0072).
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8028 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barucci-Pfister
authors.forename: Till N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Göhring
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003775:Dental Polishing; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014796:Visual Perception
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins