title: Man-made vitreous fibers in office buildings in the Helsinki area.
abstract: Several sources of man-made vitreous fibers (MMVFs) may exist in an office environment causing irritation symptoms among occupants. In 258 office buildings, the occurrence and density of settled MMVFs on surfaces were measured by two sampling methods. Altogether, 1113 samples of settled dust were collected from surfaces with plastic bags and gelatine tape and were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope and a stereomicroscope, respectively. Tape samples from 68 buildings were collected from frequently cleaned (n = 162) and seldom cleaned (n = 57) room surfaces in 56 and 29 offices, respectively, and from supply air ducts (n = 24) in 10 offices. MMVFs longer than 20 microm were counted with a stereomicroscope. Irritation symptoms were recorded with a questionnaire. More than 60% of the surface dust and almost 90% of the samples collected from supply air ducts contained MMVFs. The density of MMVFs longer than 20 microm ranged from < 0.1 to 5 fiber cm(- 2). The mean density of the MMVFs was about two times higher on the seldom cleaned surfaces than on the frequently cleaned surfaces. The density was usually under 0.2 MMVF cm(- 2) in surface dust of offices without emission sources of MMVFs. The measurements combined with qualitative analysis of settled dust can help to localize relevant sources of fiber emissions. Altogether, in 40% of the buildings, several occupants had repeated irritation symptoms that were verified by occupational health care personnel.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. heidi.salonen@ttl.fi
authors.forename: Heidi J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Salonen
authors.forename: Sanna K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lappalainen
authors.forename: Henri M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Riuttala
authors.forename: Antti P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Tossavainen
authors.forename: Pertti O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Pasanen
authors.forename: Kari E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Reijula
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005387:Finland; D019016:Mineral Fibers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D004391:Dust; D019016:Mineral Fibers