title: Safe and simple emergency department discharge therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe hyperglycemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the safety and effectiveness of 2 simple discharge regimens for use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and severe hyperglycemia, who present to the emergency department (ED) and do not need to be admitted.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an 8-week, open-label, randomized controlled trial in 77 adult patients with DM2 and blood glucose levels of 300 to 700 mg/dL seen in a public hospital ED. Patients were randomly assigned to receive glipizide XL, 10 mg orally daily (G group), versus glipizide XL, 10 mg orally daily, plus insulin glargine, 10 U daily (G+G group). The primary outcome was to maintain safe fasting glucose and random glucose levels of <350 and <500 mg/dL up to 4 weeks and <300 and <400 mg/dL, respectively, thereafter and to have no return ED visits (responders).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 treatment groups. The primary outcome was achieved in 87% of patients in both treatment groups. The enrollment mean blood glucose values of 440 and 467 mg/dL in the G and G+G groups, respectively, declined by the end of week 1 to 298 and 289 mg/dL and by week 8 to 140 and 135 mg/dL, respectively. Homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function and early insulin response improved 7-fold and 4-fold, respectively, in responders at the end of the 8-week study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sulfonylurea with and without use of a small dose of insulin glargine rapidly improved blood glucose levels and beta-cell function in patients with DM2. Use of sulfonylurea alone once daily can be considered a safe discharge regimen for such patients and an effective bridge between ED intervention and subsequent follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County and Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Ambika_Babu@rush.edu
authors.forename: Ambika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Avinder
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Chung Kay
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schaider
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fogelfeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005913:Glipizide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D005913:Glipizide