title: Antimetastatic potential of fisetin involves inactivation of the PI3K/Akt and JNK signaling pathways with downregulation of MMP-2/9 expressions in prostate cancer PC-3 cells.
abstract: Fisetin (3,3',4',7-tetrahydroxyflavone), a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been reported to possess some anti-cancer and anti-inflammation capabilities. In this study, fisetin has exhibited inhibitory effects on the adhesion, migration, and invasion ability of a highly metastatic PC-3 cells under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Gelatin zymography assay showed that fisetin inhibited the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activities. Our result also showed that fisetin could inhibit the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 and 2 (JNK1/2) and Akt. Moreover, fisetin significantly decreased the nuclear levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), c-Fos, and c-Jun, and the binding abilities of NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Also, the results showed that the protein and mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly reduced by Western blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Further, treating specific inhibitors for PI3K (Wortmannin) or JNK (SP600125) to PC-3 cells could reduce the protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9. These results showed fisetin could inhibit the metastatic ability of PC-3 by reducing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions through suppressing phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and JNK signaling pathways. This suggested fisetin can serve as a potential candidate for treating cancer metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Kun-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jau-Shyang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shian-Chin
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Yuan-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044948:Flavonols; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C017875:fisetin