title: COOH-terminal truncations and site-directed mutations enhance thermostability and chaperone-like activity of porcine alphaB-crystallin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The COOH-terminal extension segment of alphaB-crystallin, a member of small heat shock protein (sHSP) family, appears to be a flexible polypeptide segment susceptible to proteolytic truncation and modifications under physiological conditions. To investigate its role on the structure and chaperone-like activity, we constructed various mutants of porcine alphaB-crystallin with either COOH-terminal serial truncations or site-specific mutagenesis on the last two residues.
  
  
  METHODS
  The structures of these mutants were analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectra, mass spectrometry, Gel-permeation FPLC, and dynamic light-scattering spectrophotometry. Chaperone activity assays were performed under thermal and non-thermal stresses. The stability of proteins was examined by turbidity assays and CD spectra.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All mutants showed similar secondary and tertiary structural features to the wild-type alphaB-crystallin as revealed by circular dichroism. However, truncations of the COOH-terminal segment generated crystallin aggregates with a molecular size slightly smaller than that of the wild-type alphaB-crystallin. The deletion of 12 residues from the COOH-terminal end greatly reduced the solubility, thermostability, and chaperone activity of alphaB-crystallin. On the contrary, the truncation of only 10 residues or less resulted in increased thermostability and enhanced anti-aggregation chaperone activity of alphaB-crystallin, with a maximal effect occurring on elimination of the last two residues. Moreover, displacing the last two lysines with glutamates or other neutral amino acids tended to show even higher chaperone activity than the deletion mutants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study clearly demonstrated that both the length and electrostatic charge of the COOH-terminal segment play crucial roles in governing the structural stability and chaperone activity of alphaB-crystallin.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jiahn-Haur
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jiahn-Shing
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shih-Hsiung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shyh-Horng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chiou
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D055550:Protein Stability; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050505:Mutant Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain