title: Three-dimensional cholangiography applying C-arm computed tomography in bile duct carcinoma: a new radiological technique.
abstract: A C-arm equipped with a flat detector CT (C-arm CT) has been developed, which provides images with high spatial resolution that could facilitate effective 3D information during interventional procedures. The cone beam reconstructive method was applied for reconstruction of images. Time of reconstruction of 3D images was approximately one minute after the scan. The axial thin-slice images, the real-time volume rendering, maximum intensity projection, shaded surface display and multiplanner reconstruction images could be obtained from any direction in a single scan. We experienced 7 cases and present two informative cases with biliary obstruction caused by tumor that underwent C-arm CT. The First case shows gallbladder carcinoma invading the hilum. The C-arm CT provided precise images of the stenotic bile ducts that could be viewed in any direction. Multiple expandable metallic stent could be accurately placed in 3 stenotic bile ducts. The second case shows a hilar bile duct carcinoma. By using various pressure infusion of the contrast medium, severely stenotic hepatic duct was confirmed before surgery. C-arm CT provided useful information regarding the precise 3D status of the bile duct and the extent of tumor invasion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 8528501, Japan. a-nanasm@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nanashima
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abo
authors.forename: Ichirou
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Yorihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumida
authors.forename: Terumitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagayasu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed