title: [Exposure of smoking pregnant women to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds that are formed as a result of incomplete combustion of organic matter. The most common sources of PAHs are cigarette smoke, coal-fired utilities, steel plants, coke-oven plants, graphite electrode manufacturing plant, Söderberg aluminum electrolysis plant, vehicle exhaust, wood-burning ovens and fireplaces, and charcoal-grilled and smoked food. The aim of the study was to assess the exposure of smoking pregnant women to PAHs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 189 pregnant women from the Lódź voivodeship (province). Smoking status was assessed based on saliva cotinine level analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The cutoff point 10 ng/ml was adopted for saliva cotinine level. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) concentration in urine sample was chosen as the biomarker of exposure to PAHs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean concentration of 1-HP in urine of nonsmoking woman was 0.60 microg/g creatinine, whereas in smoking one 1.35 microg/g creatinine. Among the women with saliva cotinine level higher than 10 ng/ml, the mean concentration of 1-HP in urine was over twofold higher than that in women with cotinine level lower than 10 ng/ml after adjustment for the day of urine ample collection (ratio of geometric mean 2.3; 95% CI 1.7-3.0). The study confirmed a higher risk of exposure to PAHs in the group of women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy as compared to nonsmoking women. It should be stressed that cigarette smoking is not the only source of exposure to PAHs.
authors.affiliation: Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera, Lódź, Zakład Epidemiologii Srodowiskowej. kinga@imp.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Polańska
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hanke
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sobala
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brzeźnicki
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ligocka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003367:Cotinine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D008429:Maternal Welfare; D011044:Poland; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000652:urine*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012907:Smoking / Q000652:urine*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine