title: Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms and the risk of esophageal adeno- or squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether -1195 A-->G and/or -765 G-->C polymorphisms in Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may have a risk modifying effect on the development of esophageal carcinoma in a Dutch Caucasian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two study groups were recruited, 252 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 240 healthy controls, matched for race, age, gender and recruiting area. DNA was isolated from whole blood and used for genotyping. PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes and products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of the -1195 A-->G polymorphism was significantly different in esophageal cancer patients compared to controls. The -1195 GG genotype resulted in a higher risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.45-10.3) compared with the -1195 AA genotype as a reference. The -765 G-->C genotype distribution was not different between the two groups. The GG/GG haplotype was present more often in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients than in controls (OR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.24-9.58; with AG/AG as a reference). The same trends were observed in patients with squamous cell carcinomas, however, the results did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of the COX-2 -1195 GG genotype and of the GG/GG haplotype may result in a higher risk of developing esophageal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jón O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kristinsson
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Westerveld
authors.forename: Rene H M
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: te Morsche
authors.forename: Hennie M J
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Roelofs
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wobbes
authors.forename: Ben J M
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Witteman
authors.forename: Adriaan C I T L
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Martijn G H
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: van Oijen
authors.forename: Jan B M J
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Wilbert H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human