title: Improvement in botanical standardization of commercial freeze-dried herbal extracts by using the combination of antioxidant capacity and constituent marker concentrations.
abstract: Botanical extracts are standardized to > or = 1 marker compounds (MCs). This standardization provides a certain level of quality control, but not complete quality assurance. Thus, industries are looking for other satisfactory systems to improve standardization. This study focuses on the standardization of herbal medicines by combining 2 parameters: the concentration of the MC and antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant capacity was determined with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method and the concentrations of the MCs, by high-performance liquid chromatography. Total phenols were also determined by the Folin-Ciocolteau method. The ORAC values, expressed as micromol Trolox equivalents/100 g (ORAC %), of 12 commercial herbal extracts were related to the ORAC values of the respective pure MCs at the concentrations at which the MCs occur in products (ORAC-MC %). The ORAC % values of 11 extracts were higher than those of the respective MCs and the ratios ORAC-MC %/ORAC % ranged from 0.007 to 0.7, whereas in the case of Olea europaea leaves, the same ratio was 1.36. The ORAC parameters and their ratios, as well as the linear relationship between ORAC-MC % and ORAC %, are described and discussed as tools for improving the standardization of herbal products and detecting modifications due to herb processing and storage.
authors.affiliation: Università di Urbino, Istituto di Chimica Biologica "G. Fornaini," Via Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy. paolino.ninfali@uniurb.it
authors.forename: Paolino
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ninfali
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gennari
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biagiotti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cangi
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mattoli
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maidecchi
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005612:Freeze Drying; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts