title: MRI evaluation of lacrimal drainage after external and endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  External and endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EX-DCR and EN-DCR, respectively) affect the tear drainage mechanism. This study evaluates the preservation of "lacrimal pump" function in both procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases of successful EN-DCR (4 patients) and EX-DCR (4 patients) were included. All patients underwent MRI of the rhinostomy areas, at least 6 months postoperatively. The vertical diameter of rhinostomy (both osseous and soft-tissue apertures) was measured in T1-oriented images, whereas the signal intensity levels were examined for 3 regions of interest (ROIs) in T2-oriented (true fast imaging steady state pulse) images with instillation of normal saline to the conjunctival fornices, both before and after blinking (activation of the "lacrimal pump"). ROI 1 corresponded to the globe (control), ROI 2 corresponded to the inferior conjunctival fornix, and ROI 3 corresponded to the rhinostomy site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Signal intensity in ROI 3 (rhinostomy) was significantly increased after blinking in both EX-DCR and EN-DCR cases. The increase was significantly higher in the latter. Signal intensity changes in ROI 3 were significantly correlated with rhinostomy size in both groups, whereas the respective correlations with the postoperative interval were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings imply that the "lacrimal pump" is active following DCR and may be better preserved in the EN-DCR than in the EX-DCR group. Persistent epiphora after patent DCR may thus be attributed to a defective "pump" function and treated accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece. detorakis@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Efstathios T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Detorakis
authors.forename: Eleni E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Drakonaki
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bizakis
authors.forename: Efrosini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papadaki
authors.forename: Miltiadis K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tsilimbaris
authors.forename: Ioannis G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Pallikaris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome