title: Effects of adhesive temperature on the early and 6-month dentin bonding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to test the effect of adhesive temperature on the bond strength to dentin (muTBS) and silver nitrate uptake (SNU) of an ethanol/water (Adper Single Bond 2 [SB]) and an acetone-based (Prime&Bond 2.1 [PB]) etch-and-rinse adhesive system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bottles of each adhesive were kept in various temperatures (5 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 50 degrees C) for 1h previously to its application in the occlusal demineralized dentin of 40 molars. Bonded sticks (0.8 mm(2)) were tested in tension (0.5 mm/min) immediately (IM) or after 6 months (6 M) of water storage. Two bonded sticks from each hemi-tooth were immersed in silver nitrate and analyzed by SEM. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in muTBS was detected for both adhesives at 5 degrees C and 20 degrees C. The highest bond strength for PB was observed in the 37 degrees C group while for SB it was in the 50 degrees C. Significant reductions of bond strengths were observed for PB at 37 degrees C and SB at 50 degrees C after 6 M of water storage. Silver nitrate deposition was seen in all hybrid layers, irrespective of the group. Lower silver nitrate deposition (water trees) in the adhesive layer was seen for PB and SB at higher temperatures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The heating or refrigeration of the adhesives did not improve their resin-dentin bond resistance to water degradation over time.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil. reis_ale@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Celso Afonso
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Klein-Júnior
authors.forename: Maria de Lourdes Rodrigues
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Accorinte
authors.forename: Rosa Helena Miranda
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: Celso Bilynkievycz
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Alessandro D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Loguercio
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin; D003806:Dentin Permeability; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D008964:Molar, Third; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000032:analysis; D012997:Solvents; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D012997:Solvents; C444444:prime and bond 2.1; C115612:single bond; D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012835:Silver Nitrate