title: Image-guided resection of small lesions in the cavernous sinus and Meckel's cave.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The microsurgical resection of tumors or vascular lesions in the cavernous sinus and the neighbouring Meckel's cave has been considered as hazardous because of often associated cranial nerve morbidity. Despite increasing consent that many of such tumors should not undergo surgical therapy, the cavernous sinus and Meckel's cave may harbour small lesions of various origin, which are amenable for surgical resection. Surgery in this anatomical area needs a well directed approach. In this setting, neuronavigational guidance may provide a useful tool. We report on a series of patients operated on and guided by neuronavigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients underwent a pterional approach for microsurgical resection. The procedures were planned and assisted by a pointer based neuronavigation system (Medtronic Stealth Station). Pathological entities included schwannoma, epidermoid, cavernoma and capillary hemangioma. Three lesions were located in the Meckel's cave and two lesions in the cavernous sinus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative guidance by neuronavigation appeared to be particularly instrumental in identification of the appropriate site of dural incision over the target region for microsurgical resection. Except of a mild increase of facial hypesthesia in one patient, there were no new cranial nerve deficits. In three patients, preoperative symptoms improved immediately after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surgical resection of small tumors or vascular lesions within the Meckel's cave or cavernous sinus is facilitated by neuronavigational guidance with sufficient intraoperative reliability and safety. In consideration of well known anatomical landmarks, targeted entry into the cavernous sinus or Meckel's cave directed by neuronavigation enables a tailored approach for microsurgical resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany. nakamura.makoto@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Krauss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D038361:Neuronavigation; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult