title: Magnetic marker monitoring: high resolution real-time tracking of oral solid dosage forms in the gastrointestinal tract.
abstract: Knowledge about the performance of dosage forms in the gastrointestinal tract is essential for the development of new oral delivery systems, as well as for the choice of the optimal formulation technology. Magnetic Marker Monitoring (MMM) is an imaging technology for the investigation of the behaviour of solid oral dosage forms within the gastrointestinal tract, which is based on the labelling of solid dosage forms as a magnetic dipole and determination of the location, orientation and strength of the dipole after oral administration using measurement equipment and localization methods that are established in biomagnetism. MMM enables the investigation of the performance of solid dosage forms in the gastrointestinal tract with a temporal resolution in the range of a few milliseconds and a spatial resolution in 3D in the range of some millimetres. Thereby, MMM provides real-time tracking of dosage forms in the gastrointestinal tract. MMM is also suitable for the determination of dosage form disintegration and for quantitative measurement of in vivo drug release in case of appropriate extended release dosage forms like hydrogel-forming matrix tablets. The combination of MMM with pharmacokinetic measurements (pharmacomagnetography) enables the determination of in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIC) and the delineation of absorption sites in the gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. werner.weitschies@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weitschies
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blume
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mönnikes
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004304:Dosage Forms; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D005260:Female; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015336:Molecular Probe Techniques; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013608:Tablets, Enteric-Coated / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004304:Dosage Forms; D015335:Molecular Probes; D013608:Tablets, Enteric-Coated; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D000658:Amoxicillin