title: CNTF 1357 G -> A polymorphism and the muscle strength response to resistance training.
abstract: The present study examined associations between the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) 1357 G --> A polymorphism and the muscle strength response to a unilateral, upper arm resistance-training (RT) program among healthy, young adults. Subjects were 754 Caucasian men (40%) and women (60%) who were genotyped and performed a training program of the nondominant (trained) arm with the dominant (untrained) arm as a comparison. Peak elbow flexor strength was measured with one repetition maximum, isometric strength with maximum voluntary contraction, and bicep cross-sectional area with MRI in the trained and untrained arms before and after training. Women with the CNTF GG genotype gained more absolute isometric strength, as measured by MVC (6.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.5 kg), than carriers of the CNTF A1357 allele in the trained arm pre- to posttraining (P < 0.05). No significant associations were seen in men. Women with the CNTF GG genotype gained more absolute dynamic (1.0 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.1 kg) and allometric (0.022 +/- 0.0 vs. 0.015 +/- 0.0 kg/kg(-0.67)) strength, as measured by 1 RM, than carriers of the CNTF A1357 allele in the untrained arm pre- to posttraining (P < 0.05). No significant associations were seen in men. No significant associations, as measured by cross-sectional area, were seen in men or women. The CNTF 1357 G --> A polymorphism explains only a small portion of the variability in the muscle strength response to training in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology & Human Performance Laboratory, Neag School of Education, Univ. of Connecticut, Gampel Pavilion Rm. 206, 2095 Hillside Rd., U-1110, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Bethany K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kelsey
authors.forename: Theodore J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Angelopoulos
authors.forename: Priscilla M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Niall M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Moyna
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Visich
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Zoeller
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Seip
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bilbie
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Devaney
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pescatello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000235:genetics*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000235:genetics*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D055070:Resistance Training; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States; D034941:Upper Extremity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor