title: Neck/shoulder pain in adolescents is not related to the level or nature of self-reported physical activity or type of sedentary activity in an Australian pregnancy cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An inconsistent relationship between physical activity and neck/shoulder pain (NSP) in adolescents has been reported in the literature. Earlier studies may be limited by not assessing physical activity in sufficient detail. The aim of this study was to comprehensively examine the association between NSP and the level and nature of physical activity, and type of sedentary activity in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional analysis using data from 924 adolescents in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (RAINE) study was performed. Complete data were available for 643 adolescents (54.6% female) at the 14-year follow-up. Physical activity was measured using a detailed self-report electronic activity diary requiring participants to input details of all physical activities over the day in segments of 5 minutes for a one-week period. Physical activity levels were categorised as: sedentary, light, moderate, or vigorous based on metabolic energy equivalents. Nature of activity was determined by assigning each activity to categories based on the amount of movement (static/dynamic) and the main posture assumed for the activity (standing/sitting/lying). Type of sedentary activity was characterised by exposure time to watching TV, using a computer, and reading. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between NSP and activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females reported a higher prevalence of lifetime, 1-month and chronic NSP than males (50.9 vs 41.7%, 34.1 vs 23.5%, and 9.2 vs 6.2% respectively). No consistent, dose-response relationship was found between NSP and the level, nature, and type of physical activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-reported one month and lifetime NSP prevalence in adolescents is not related to the level or intensity of physical activity or the type of sedentary activity over a one week period.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia. A.Briggs@curtin.edu.au
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: Leon M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Straker
authors.forename: Natasha L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Bear
authors.forename: Anne J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003201:Computers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013690:Television; D013997:Time Factors; D014904:Western Australia