title: Novel diffusion tensor imaging methodology to detect and quantify injured regions and affected brain pathways in traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and apply diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based normalization methodology for the detection and quantification of sites of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the impact of injury along specific brain pathways in (a) individual TBI subjects and (b) a TBI group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normalized DTI tractography was conducted in the native space of 12 TBI and 10 age-matched control subjects using the same number of seeds in each subject, distributed at anatomically equivalent locations. Whole-brain tracts from the control group were mapped onto the head of each TBI subject. Differences in the fractional anisotropy (FA) maps between each TBI subject and the control group were computed in a common space using a t test, transformed back to the individual TBI subject's head space, and thresholded to form regions of interest (ROIs) that were used to sort tracts from the control group and the individual TBI subject. Tract counts for a given ROI in each TBI subject were compared to group mean for the same ROI to quantify the impact of injury along affected pathways. The same procedure was used to compare the TBI group to the control group in a common space.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sites of injury within individual TBI subjects and affected pathways included hippocampal/fornix, inferior fronto-occipital, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, corpus callosum (genu and splenium), cortico-spinal tracts and the uncinate fasciculus. Most of these regions were also detected in the group study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DTI normalization methodology presented here enables automatic delineation of ROIs within the heads of individual subjects (or in a group). These ROIs not only localize and quantify the extent of injury, but also quantify the impact of injury on affected pathways in an individual or in a group of TBI subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. msingh@usc.edu
authors.forename: Manbir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Jeongwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Darryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Witaya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sungkarat
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gruen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity