title: Emergency percutaneous transcatheter embolisation of acute arterial haemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to review indications, source of haemorrhage, method of embolisation and clinical outcome in patients referred to Interventional Radiology for the emergency management of acute arterial haemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of patients undergoing emergency percutaneous embolisation over 4 years. Clinical details, computed tomographic findings, embolisation procedure details and clinical outcome are outlined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (n = 41) were included with various clinical indications for embolisation [haemoptysis (n = 8), iatrogenic (n = 7), traumatic pseudoaneurysm (n = 3), retroperitoneal bleed (n = 3), GI bleed (n = 6), splenic rupture (n = 1), renal laceration (n = 1), epistaxis (n = 12)]. Embolisation material consisted of coils, embospheres, glue, and covered stents. Technical success was achieved in 100% of cases. One patient died 2 days after embolisation secondary to myocardial infarction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency arterial embolisation is a potentially life-saving treatment. Although it is technically challenging, indications are becoming increasingly varied and outcomes are more successful because of the availability of microcatheters and effective embolisation materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Academic Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland. aoifekeeling@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Keeling
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000628:therapy; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult