title: Effects of chromium histidinate on renal function, oxidative stress, and heat-shock proteins in fat-fed and streptozotocin-treated rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chromium is an essential element for carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. The therapeutic potential of chromium histidinate (CrHis) in the treatment of diabetes has been elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of CrHis on serum parameters of renal function, on oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and 8-isoprostane), and on the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats (n=60, 8 weeks old) were divided into four groups. Group 1 received a standard diet (12% of calories as fat). Group 2 received a standard diet, plus CrHis. Group 3 received a high-fat diet (40% of calories as fat) for 2 weeks, and was then injected with streptozotocin (STZ) on day 14 (STZ, 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Group 4 was treated in the same way as group 3 (HFD/STZ), but was supplemented with 110 microg CrHis/kg/body weight/day. Oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic rats was evidenced by an elevation in levels of MDA and 8-isoprostane. Protein concentrations of HSP60 and HSP70 in renal tissue were determined by Western blot analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chromium histidinate supplementation lowered kidney concentrations of MDA, 8-isoprostane levels, serum urea-N, and creatinine, and reduced the severity of renal damage in the STZ-treated group (i.e., the diabetes-induced group). The expression of HSP60 and HSP70 was lower in the STZ group that received CrHis than in the group that did not. No significant effect of CrHis supplementation was detected in regard to the overall measured parameters in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chromium histidinate significantly decreased lipid peroxidation levels and HSP expression in the kidneys of experimentally induced diabetic rats. This study supported the efficacy of CrHis in reducing renal risk factors and impairment because of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dogukan
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuzcu
authors.forename: Vijaya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Juturu
authors.forename: Gurkan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cikim
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ozercan
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Komorowski
authors.forename: Kazim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sahin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000032:analysis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000517:prevention & control; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006639:Histidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D018834:Chaperonin 60; D004041:Dietary Fats; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C499843:chromium histidinate; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D006639:Histidine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D015237:Dinoprost