title: Preoperative chemoradiation vs radiation alone for stage II and III resectable rectal cancer: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to compare preoperative radiotherapy (RT) with preoperative chemoradiotherapy (ChRT) in patients with stage II and III resectable rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive PubMed, Cohrane and Ovid electronic database search was performed. Articles published during the period 1960-2007 were included. The analysis included only randomized controlled trials, where patients with stage II and III resectable rectal cancer were randomized to one of at least two schedules of preoperative therapy including RT or ChRT followed by surgery. Secondary estimates for the experimental ChRT group were calculated and compared with the estimates pooled from trials which included short-course radiotherapy (SRT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 1017 articles including 242 clinical trials, 65 of which were randomized studies. Five trials from these randomized studies compared preoperative RT with conventional ChRT and only one included a group having SRT. The complete response rate was significantly better after preoperative chemoradiation compared with preoperative RT alone but the rate of toxicity was higher. Theoretically higher curative resection rates with less morbidity were found after ChRT compared with preoperative SRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative ChRT for patients with stage II and III resectable rectal cancer gives better complete response rates compared with RT alone but it also results in higher toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania. tadas.latkauskas@kmuk.lt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Latkauskas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paskauskas
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dambrauskas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gudaityte
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saladzinskas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamelis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pavalkis
mesh_terms: D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D006801:Humans; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery