title: The clinical spectrum between posterior polymorphous dystrophy and iridocorneal endothelial syndromes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are many conditions affecting the corneal endothelium with similar clinical appearances, though with different prognoses, management approaches, and pathophysiologic development.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 39-year-old black woman with a previous diagnosis of asymmetric corneal posterior polymorphous dystrophy (PPMD) presented complaining of irritation in the left eye, worsening over the last week. On examination, her left eye had profuse edema and bullous keratopathy overlying a large placoid gray lesion at the level of the endothelium. Gonioscopy of the left eye found evidence of a membranous development extending from the endothelium to the trabecular meshwork. Examination of her right eye found a perfectly clear cornea and a normal angle. The patient subsequently had Chandler's syndrome diagnosed in the left eye, an iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome, rather than PPMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPMD and ICE syndromes present with many similarities; these clinical entities are in fact thought to be variants of the same disease. Unlike PPMD, Chandler's syndrome is unilateral, acquired, and typically symptomatic and progressive. It also characteristically affects middle-age women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the clinical features of PPMD and ICE syndromes is important in proper diagnosis and management.
authors.affiliation: Nova Southeastern University, College of Optometry, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA. val_lefebvre21@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sowka
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Frauens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003317:Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015715:Corneal Edema / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006068:Gonioscopy; D006801:Humans; D007499:Iris Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013577:Syndrome; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000473:pathology