Prevalence and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection by penile site in uncircumcised Kenyan men.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence was estimated from 2,705 sexually active, uncircumcised, human immunodeficiency virus seronegative men aged 17-28 years in Kisumu, Kenya. HPV prevalence was 51.1% (95% confidence interval: 49.2-53.0%) in penile cells from the glans/coronal sulcus and/or shaft. HPV prevalence varied by anatomical site, with 46.5% positivity in the glans/coronal sulcus compared with 19.1% in the shaft (p < 0.0001). High-risk HPV was detected in 31.2% of glans and 12.3% of shaft samples (p < 0.0001). HPV16 was the most common type and 29.2% of men were infected with more than one HPV type. Risk factors for HPV infection included presence of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhea, self-reported sexually transmitted infections, and less frequent bathing. Lifetime number of sexual partners and herpes simplex virus type-2 seropositivity were also marginally associated with HPV infection.
Smith
Jennifer S
JS
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA. jennifers@unc.edu
Backes
Danielle M
DM
Hudgens
Michael G
MG
Bailey
Robert C
RC
Veronesi
Giovanni
G
Bogaarts
Martijn
M
Agot
Kawango
K
Ndinya-Achola
J O
JO
Maclean
Ian
I
Agingu
Walter
W
Meijer
Chris J L M
CJ
Moses
Stephen
S
Snijders
Peter J F
PJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D052140:Human papillomavirus 11; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D010413:Penis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult; D055544:beta-Globins / Q000235:genetics
D004279:DNA, Viral; D055544:beta-Globins