title: Improvement in glucose metabolism after bariatric surgery: comparison of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The exclusion of the proximal small intestine is thought to play a major role in the rapid improvement in the metabolic control of diabetes after gastric bypass.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this randomized, prospective, parallel group study, we sought to evaluate and compare the effects of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) with those of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on fasting, and meal-stimulated insulin, glucose, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients were randomized to LRYGB and 14 patients to LSG. The mostly nondiabetic patients were evaluated before, and 1 week and 3 months after surgery. A standard test meal was given after an overnight fast, and blood samples were collected before and after food intake in both groups for insulin, GLP-1, glucose, PYY, and ghrelin concentrations. This trial was registered in www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00356213) before the first patient was randomized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body weight and body mass index decreased markedly (P < 0.002) and comparably after either procedure. Excess BMI loss was similar at 3 months (43.3 +/- 12.1% vs. 39.4 +/- 9.4%, P > 0.36). After surgery, patients had markedly increased postprandial plasma insulin and GLP-1 levels, respectively (P < 0.01) after both of these surgical procedures, which favor improved glucose homeostasis. Compared with LSG, LRYGB patients had early and augmented insulin responses as early as 1-week postoperative; potentially mediating improved early glycemic control. After 3 months, no significant difference was observed with respect to insulin and GLP-1 secretion between the 2 procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both procedures markedly improved glucose homeostasis: insulin, GLP-1, and PYY levels increased similarly after either procedure. Our results do not support the idea that the proximal small intestine mediates the improvement in glucose homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland. ralph.peterli@claraspital.ch
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peterli
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wölnerhanssen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Noémie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Devaux
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christoffel-Courtin
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drewe
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Flüe
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beglinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1