title: Increased plasma urotensin-II and carotid atherosclerosis are associated with vascular dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human urotensin-II (UII) is a cyclic neuropeptide with potent vasoconstrictive activity in the vasculature. The expression of UII and its receptor (UT) mRNA is detected at high levels in the brain. We evaluated the relationship between plasma UII levels and vascular dementia (VaD) caused by stroke or atherosclerotic small vessel disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), plaques, plasma levels of immunoreactive UII (IR-UII), and atherosclerotic biomarkers were determined in 42 patients with VaD, 197 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 47 non-demented elderly controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were not significantly different among these groups. IR-UII, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), lipid peroxides, interleukin-6, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, and maximum IMT were significantly higher in VaD than in AD patients or controls. IR-UII level showed a significantly positive correlation with SBP or maximum IMT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significantly independent association between IR-UII levels or increased maximum IMT (> or =1.1 mm) and VaD as compared with SBP, LDL cholesterol, and interleukin-6 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased plasma IR-UII levels and carotid atherosclerosis may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of VaD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suguro
authors.forename: Taka-aki
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iso
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tsunenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Idei
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Nobumasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D014579:Urotensins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014579:Urotensins; C029677:urotensin II