title: A pilot randomized trial comparing an intensive versus a standard intervention in stable HIV-infected patients with moderate-high cardiovascular risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The influence on the progression of atherosclerosis of an intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-infected patients remains unknown. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of an intensive versus a standard intervention in HIV-infected patients with moderate-high cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pilot randomized clinical trial. Stable HIV-infected patients with viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy, and two or more cardiovascular risk factors or a Framingham risk score >or=10%. An intensive intervention targeting low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol <100 mg/dl, using antiplatelet therapy, and switching protease inhibitor (PI) therapy, was compared with the standard intervention aiming for LDL-cholesterol <130 mg/dL. The primary endpoint was progression of atherosclerosis measured by the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Secondary endpoints were efficacy in achieving the LDL-cholesterol goal, changes in inflammatory biomarkers, and feasibility and safety of the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two (47%) and 36 (53%) patients were assigned to the intensive and the standard interventions, respectively. After 12 months, the median proportion of change in the cIMT was +1.63% (-4.95 to +10.54) in the intensive intervention, and +1.79% (-6.61 to +6.1) in the standard group (P = 0.59). LDL-cholesterol (39% versus 7%, P < 0.001) and Framingham score (10% versus 0%, P = 0.03) showed larger reductions in the intensive group. No significant changes in levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were found. No significant adverse events were reported and no virological failures occurred during the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An aggressive intervention targeting LDL-cholesterol in HIV-infected patients was safe and capable of attaining very stringent target levels in adherent patients. However, the intervention did not influence cIMT progression or inflammatory biomarkers after 1 year of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, University Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain. marmasia@ya.com
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masiá
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Escribano
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein