title: Placenta growth factor expression has prognostic value in malignant pleural mesothelioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant pleural mesothelioma is highly aggressive and recurs rapidly despite radical multimodality treatment. Progression of mesothelioma is thought to be governed by various growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Placenta growth factor (PlGF) belongs to the VEGF family, although no study has yet investigated its expression in mesothelioma. We hypothesized that PlGF is overexpressed in mesothelioma and could have prognostic value in patients treated by extrapleural pneumonectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed by immunohistochemistry with semiquantitative classification (0 = no staining; 3 = strong staining), the expression levels of PlGF and its cognate receptors VEGF receptor 1, neuropilin-1, and neuropilin-2 in 27 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma undergoing extrapleural pneumonectomy, in 14 patients with reactive mesothelium, and in 10 patients with normal mesothelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas PlGF was not expressed in normal mesothelium, it was overexpressed (grade 3) more frequently in mesothelioma than in reactive mesothelium specimens (11 or 41% versus 1 or 7%, respectively, p = 0.03). Furthermore, in mesothelioma, VEGF receptor 1 and neuropilin-1 and -2 were overexpressed in 18 specimens (67%), 8 specimens (30%), and 9 specimens (33%), respectively. Mean survival after extrapleural pneumonectomy was 17 months. An inverse relationship was found between the degree of PlGF expression and survival in months (R = -0.45, p = 0.01). No correlation was found between tumor stage and survival (R = -0.33) and between tumor stage and PlGF expression (R = 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown that PlGF can be overexpressed in malignant pleural mesothelioma. In addition, the finding of an inverse relationship between PlGF expression levels and survival suggests a pivotal role of this factor in the recurrence and progression of mesothelioma after extrapleural pneumonectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy. pompeo@med.uniroma2.it
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pompeo
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albonici
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Doldo
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlandi
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Manzari
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modesti
authors.forename: Tommaso C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Mineo
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D039942:Neuropilin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D039943:Neuropilin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D039943:Neuropilin-2; C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D039942:Neuropilin-1; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1