title: Habitability of super-Earth planets around other suns: models including Red Giant Branch evolution.
abstract: The unexpected diversity of exoplanets includes a growing number of super-Earth planets, i.e., exoplanets with masses of up to several Earth masses and a similar chemical and mineralogical composition as Earth. We present a thermal evolution model for a 10 Earth-mass planet orbiting a star like the Sun. Our model is based on the integrated system approach, which describes the photosynthetic biomass production and takes into account a variety of climatological, biogeochemical, and geodynamical processes. This allows us to identify a so-called photosynthesis-sustaining habitable zone (pHZ), as determined by the limits of biological productivity on the planetary surface. Our model considers solar evolution during the main-sequence stage and along the Red Giant Branch as described by the most recent solar model. We obtain a large set of solutions consistent with the principal possibility of life. The highest likelihood of habitability is found for "water worlds." Only mass-rich water worlds are able to realize pHZ-type habitability beyond the stellar main sequence on the Red Giant Branch.
authors.affiliation: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany. bloh@pik-potsdam.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: von Bloh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuntz
authors.forename: K-P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bounama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franck
mesh_terms: D019419:Evolution, Planetary; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D000069497:Origin of Life; D016083:Planets; D016082:Solar System; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water