title: Dietary protein during gestation affects maternal insulin-like growth factor, insulin-like growth factor binding protein, leptin concentrations, and fetal growth in heifers.
abstract: The influence of supplemental protein during gestation on maternal hormones and fetal growth was determined in composite beef heifers. At AI, 118 heifers were stratified by BW within each composite genotype (BeefX = 1/2 Senepol, 1/4 Brahman, 1/8 Charolais, 1/8 Red Angus and CBX = 1/2 Senepol, 1/4 Brahman, 1/4 Charolais) into 4 treatment groups: high high (HH = 1.4 kg CP/d for first and second trimesters of gestation), high low (HL = 1.4 kg of CP/d for first trimester and 0.4 kg of CP/d for second trimester), low high (lowH = 0.4 kg CP/d for first trimester and 1.4 kg of CP/d and for second trimester), or low low (LL = 0.4 kg CP/d for first and second trimesters). Maternal plasma IGF-I and -II, total IGFBP, and leptin concentrations were determined at 14 d before AI and at d 28, 82, 179, and 271 post-AI (mean gestation length 286 d), and leptin concentrations were also determined at calving. Increased dietary protein increased maternal plasma IGF-I (P < 0.001 on d 28, 82, and 179), IGF-II (P = 0.01 on d 82; P = 0.04 on d 271), and total IGFBP (P = 0.002 on d 82; P = 0.005 on d 179; P = 0.03 on d 271). Maternal plasma IGF-I at d 271 was negatively associated with calf crown-rump length at birth (P = 0.003). BeefX had greater birth weight calves (P = 0.01), greater IGF-II (P < 0.001), increased ratios of IGF-I:total IGFBP (P = 0.008) and IGF-II:total IGFBP (P < 0.001), and reduced total IGFBP compared with CBX (P = 0.02). Increased dietary protein during second trimester increased maternal plasma leptin at calving (P = 0.005). Maternal plasma leptin near term was positively associated with heifer BCS (P = 0.02) and with calf birth weight (P = 0.04), and at calving was positively associated with heifer age at AI (P = 0.02). These findings suggest that maternal dietary protein, age, and genotype influence plasma concentrations of metabolic hormones and fetal growth in Bos indicus-influenced heifers.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Micke
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gatford
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: V E A
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001724:Birth Weight; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018568:Crown-Rump Length; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010928:Placental Lactogen; D011247:Pregnancy; D011793:Queensland
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D010928:Placental Lactogen