The 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase: regulating the ebb and flow of cellular energetics.
The 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric, evolutionary conserved enzyme which has emerged as a critical regulator of skeletal muscle cellular bioenergetics. AMPK is activated by both chemical (adipokines) and mechanical (stretch, contraction) stimuli leading to metabolic changes within muscle cells that include increased fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake and glycolysis, as well as the stimulation and regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Collectively these acute responses and chronic adaptations act to reduce cellular disturbances, resulting in tighter metabolic control and maintenance of energy homeostasis. This brief review will describe the structure, function and activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle and how this ubiquitous molecule may be a plausible target for the treatment of several lifestyle-related metabolic disorders.
Karagounis
Leonidas G
LG
Exercise Metabolism Group, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
Hawley
John A
JA
D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D032701:Biomimetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D051757:PAX5 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000627:therapeutic use
D051757:PAX5 Transcription Factor; C497281:PAX5 protein, human; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D011494:Protein Kinases; D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C031143:AICA ribonucleotide