title: Aqueous extracts of some medicinal plants are as toxic as Imidacloprid to the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.
abstract: Aqueous extracts of nine plants, known to have medicinal activity, were tested for their toxicity against the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Homoptera: Aleurodidae) compared to the toxicity of the insecticide, Imidacloprid. Extracts of Lepidiuim sativum L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) killed 71 % of early stage nymphs, which was not significantly different from mortality caused by Imidacloprid. Treatment of pupae with three plant extracts, L. sativum, Achillea biebersteinii L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), or Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb and Berthel (Fabales: Fabaceae) prevented adult development, and treatment with R. raetam extract killed adults, at levels that were not significantly different from Imidacloprid. None of the other plants showed significant toxicity. However extracts of four plants, Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiales: Apiaceae), Galium longifolium (Sibth. and SM.) (Gentianales: Rubiaceae), R. raetam and Ballota undulata Bentham (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) had a repellent effect.
authors.affiliation: Ash-Shoubak University College, Al-Balqa' Applied University, 17119 Al Salt, Jordan. ateyyat@bau.edu.jo
authors.forename: Mazen A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ateyyat
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Mazra'awi
authors.forename: Talal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abu-Rjai
authors.forename: Mohamad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shatnawi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D009758:Nymph / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*; D011679:Pupa / Q000187:drug effects; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014867:Water; C082359:imidacloprid