title: Polychromatic immunophenotypic characterization of T cell profiles among HIV-infected patients experiencing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To immunophenotype CD4+ and CD8+ T cell sub-populations in HIV-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nested case-control immunological study.
  
  
  METHODS
  ART-naïve HIV-infected patients were prospectively observed for IRIS during the first 6 months of ART. Twenty-two IRIS cases and 22 ART-duration matched controls were sampled for T cell immunophenotyping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IRIS cases demonstrated significantly lower CD4 cell counts compared to controls (baseline: 79 versus 142, p = 0.02; enrollment: 183 versus 263, p = 0.05, respectively) with no differences in HIV RNA levels. Within CD4+T cells, cases exhibited more of an effector memory phenotype compared to controls (40.8 versus 27.0%, p = 0.20), while controls trended towards a central memory phenotype (43.8 versus 30.8%, p = 0.07). Within CD8+ T cells, controls exhibited more central memory (13.9 versus 7.81%, p = 0.01, respectively) and effector (13.2 versus 8.8%, p = 0.04, respectively) phenotypes compared to cases, whereas cases demonstrated more terminal effectors than controls (28.8 versus 15.1%, p = 0.05). Cases demonstrated increased activation of CD8+ T cell effector memory, terminal effector, and effector subsets than controls (p = 0.04, 0.02, and 0.02, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subset maturational phenotypes were heterogeneous among IRIS cases and controls. However, IRIS cases demonstrated significant increases in activation of CD8+ T cell effector subpopulations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. dmurdoch@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: Melinda S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Suchard
authors.forename: Willem D F
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Venter
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mhlangu
authors.forename: Janet S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ottinger
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Rie
authors.forename: Deborah K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Glencross
authors.forename: Wendy S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Kent J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Weinhold