title: Factors associated with insulin resistance and fasting plasma ghrelin levels in adolescents with obesity and family history of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the changes of insulin resistance and fasting plasma ghrelin levels in adolescents with obesity and family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (FHD) and analyze its related factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 159 adolescents aged 13-15 years. Anthropometric- measurements, including height, weight and waist. Blood samples were collected and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum lipids, true insulin (TI) and fasting plasma ghrelin were assayed. They were divided into four groups according to body mass index (BMI) and FHD: 40 non-obese adolescents without FHD in group A; 40 overweight and obese adolescents without FHD in group B; 40 non-obese adolescents with FHD in group C; 39 overweight and obese adolescents with FHD in group D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group B, C and D had significantly higher levels of HOMA-IR and HOMA-beta index than group A, especially Group D (p<0.01). Group C and D had significantly higher levels of FPG and lower levels of ghrelin than group A (p<0.01). HOMA-IR showed positive correlation with BMI (r=0.445), waist (r=0.435), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)(r=0.471) (p<0.01). Ghrelin showed negative correlation with FPG (r=-0.339), TI (r=-0.237) and HOMA-IR (r=-0.269) (p<0.01). In multiple linear regression analysis, WHtR (beta=4.925, p=0.000) and FHD (beta=0.492, p=0.000) were significant independent predictors for HOMA-IR. FHD (beta=-289.856, p=0.000) and FPG (beta=-228.203, p=0.001) were significant independent predictors for ghrelin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the subjects with FHD and obesity who are predisposed to diabetes have insulin resistance in adolescent stage. The lower ghrelin levels in subjects with FHD may be the result of elevated FPG.
authors.affiliation: The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Endocrionology, Qinhuangado, China.
authors.forename: Bo-wei
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Quiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chun-ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Shu-yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dong-hui
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Xiao-li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Fu-zai
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids