title: Factors associated with recurrent coronary events among patients with cardiovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine which factors are associated with recurrent coronary events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Matched, case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases of a health maintenance organization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of a cohort of adults (mean age 62 yrs, 68% male) who had an incident coronary event, defined as acute myocardial infarction or percutaneous coronary intervention, between January 1, 1999, and June 30, 2004, who survived and who were enrolled in a cardiac risk reduction service within 90 days after the incident event, 259 cases (patients who had a recurrent event between 90 days after the incident event and December 31, 2005) were matched with 688 controls (patients who did not have a recurrent event within this time frame).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to identify predictors of a recurrent coronary event. Although classic cardiac risk factors and drug therapies were similar for both groups at the time of the incident event, the mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) level, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL) level, and LDL:HDL ratio were higher and HDL levels were lower in the case patients compared with control patients (p<0.001) at the time of the case patients' recurrent events. More case patients received a statin but at a lower dose, defined as less than 40 mg of simvastatin equivalent (cases 45% vs controls 31%, p<0.001). Factors associated with a recurrent event included higher chronic disease score (odds ratio [OR] 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-1.2), higher LDL:HDL ratio (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.3), and statin dose less than 40-mg simvastatin equivalent (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.8-4.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support use of a statin at moderate-to-high doses as the basis of therapy for secondary coronary event prevention. The LDL:HDL ratio may help determine the degree of LDL lowering beyond traditional treatment goals.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Cardiac Risk Service, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80011, USA. karen.mcconnell@kp.org
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Kari L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Delate
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Merenich
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D002784:Cholesterol; D019821:Simvastatin