title: A micromechanical hyperelastic modeling of brain white matter under large deformation.
abstract: A finite element based micromechanical model has been developed for analyzing and characterizing the microstructural as well as homogenized mechanical response of brain tissue under large deformation. The model takes well-organized soft tissue as a fiber-reinforced composite with nonlinear and anisotropic behavior assumption for the fiber as well as the matrix of composite matter. The procedure provides a link between the macroscopic scale and microscopic scale as brain tissue undergoes deformation. It can be used to better understand how macroscopic stresses are transferred to the microstructure or cellular structure of the brain. A repeating unit cell (RUC) is created to stand as a representative volume element (RVE) of the hyperelastic material with known properties of the constituents. The model imposes periodicity constraints on the RUC. The RUC is loaded kinematically by imposing displacements on it to create the appropriate normal and shear stresses. The homogenized response of the composite, the average stresses carried within each of the constituents, and the maximum local stresses are all obtained. For each of the normal and shear loading scenarios, the impact of geometrical variables such as the axonal fiber volume fraction and undulation of the axons are evaluated. It was found that axon undulation has significant impact on the stiffness and on how stresses were distributed between the axon and the matrix. As axon undulation increased, the maximum stress and stress in the matrix increased while the stress in the axons decreased. The axon volume fraction was found to have an impact on the tissue stiffness as higher axon volume fractions lead to higher stresses both in the composite and in the constituents. The direction of loading clearly has a large impact on how stresses are distributed amongst the constituents. This micromechanics tool provides the detailed micromechanics stresses and deformations, as well as the average homogenized behavior of the RUC, which can be efficiently used in mechanical characterization of brain tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105-5285, USA. g.karami@ndsu.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karami
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grundman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abolfathi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziejewski
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D004548:Elasticity; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000502:physiology*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine