title: Surface roughness and bond strengths of glass-infiltrated alumina-ceramics prepared using various surface treatments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare and evaluate effects of CO(2) laser and conventional surface treatments on surface roughness and shear bond strengths of glass-infiltrated alumina-ceramics to dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty ceramic discs of In-Ceram Spinell, In-Ceram Alumina and In-Ceram Zirconia (n=50) were prepared. Specimens which were divided into 5 groups (n=10) were untreated (control group), sandblasted, airborne particle abraded, etched with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid or irradiated with CO(2) laser. Scanning electron microscope was used at 1000x magnification for qualitative examination. Following surface roughness (Ra) determination by profilometry, discs were cemented on extracted-human-molar teeth. Cemented specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 1 week. Shear bond strength (MPa) test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Statistical comparisons were made with Wilcoxon signed ranked test, Kruskall Wallis test and Spearman's correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All surface treatments produced rougher surfaces than the untreated groups of all ceramics (P<.05). Sandblasting demonstrated a rougher surface on In-Ceram Spinell than In-Ceram Alumina and In-Ceram Zirconia (P<.05). While CO(2) laser irradiation showed significantly higher bond strength for In-Ceram Spinell (P<.05), both airborne particle abrasion and CO(2) laser irradiation showed higher bond strengths for In-Ceram Zirconia (P<.05). Airborne particle abrasion demonstrated higher bond strength for In-Ceram Alumina and In-Ceram Zirconia (P<.05). No significant relationship was determined between surface roughness (Ra) and shear bond strength values (MPa) among ceramic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sandblasting is an effective surface treatment for roughening surfaces of In-Ceram Spinell. Although CO(2) laser irradiation does not increase surface roughness, it reveals the highest bond strength.
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahadir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ersu
authors.forename: Bulem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuzugullu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruya Yazici
authors.forename: Senay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canay
mesh_terms: D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D054020:Lasers, Gas; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements; D055116:Self-Curing of Dental Resins; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements; C502351:multilink adhesive system; C111130:spinell; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; D015040:Zirconium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; C028541:zirconium oxide