title: Change of zinc, copper, and metallothionein concentrations and the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in patients with pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the present studies were to measure the concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and metallothionein and the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity as elements engaged in an essential manner in the prooxidative and antioxidative balance of organism and to demonstrate the degree to which metallothionein and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase are involved in the inflammatory processes occurring in the pancreas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of metallothionein was measured by immunoenzymatic method. Serum Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity was determined using a commercial test. The measurements of Zn and Cu concentrations in serum were assessed with the use of flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lowered serum Zn concentration and higher Cu level were observed in the serum of patients with chronic exacerbated pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. The significant increase of metallothionein concentration and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity was observed in the blood of patients with chronic exacerbated pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. In slices of the pancreas during pancreatitis, we observed in immunohistochemical reaction the variable involvement of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and metallothionein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results presented in these studies indicate an essential and variable involvement of antioxidants such Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and metallothionein and disordered Cu and Zn homeostasis depending on the progression of inflammatory processes in patients with pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. hm@tox.am.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Milnerowicz
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jabłonowska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bizoń
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D008668:Metallothionein; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015032:Zinc