title: Association of socioeconomic status with the use of chronic therapies and healthcare utilization in children with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether previously reported socioeconomic status (SES)-related disparities in cystic fibrosis (CF) health outcomes vary by the indicator used (median household income by zip code [MIZ], maternal educational attainment [MEA], and state insurance coverage [MA]), and whether these disparities can be explained by differences in medical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional analysis of data on patients age <18 years from the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis (ESCF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disease severity showed a similar inverse correlation with all 3 SES measures. The number of stable clinic visits was unrelated to SES. Patients with MA had more sick outpatient visits and more courses of intravenous (IV) antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations, and were more likely to be prescribed all chronic therapies. Low-MIZ patients had slightly fewer sick visits and more courses of IV antibiotics, and were more likely to receive oral nutrition supplements but less likely to receive macrolide prescriptions. Low-MEA patients were less likely to receive IV antibiotics at home, more likely to receive oral nutrition supplements, but less likely to receive macrolide prescriptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CF health outcomes are correlated with the SES spectrum, but these disparities are not explained by differential use of health services or prescription of chronic therapy. Future investigations should focus on the possible impact of environmental exposures and differences in disease self-management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Michael.Schechter@emory.edu
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Schechter
authors.forename: Susanna A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McColley
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Tmirah
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haselkorn
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Konstan
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wagener
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States