title: Non-diabetic diffuse macular edema associated with extrafoveal vitreous traction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The causative role of diffuse macular edema in various etiologies is often undetermined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe an association between extrafoveal vitreous traction and non-diabetic diffuse macular edema secondary to various ocular entities.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study of eyes with non-diabetic diffuse macular edema, charts and optical coherence tomography scans demonstrating extrafoveal vitreous traction were analyzed. Excluded were diabetic patients and eyes that had vitreofoveal traction. A control group (n = 12) allowed for mapping of normal macular thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five eyes with macular edema were associated with extrafoveal traction, each secondary to and representing a different etiology. The causes were penetrating injury, cataract extraction, branch retinal vein occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, and idiopathic. Vitreous traction was detected either at the papillomacular bundle (n = 3), superonasally to the fovea (n = 1), and at the optic nerve head (n = 1). The associated retinal edema (all eyes) and serous retinal detachment (four eyes) at the traction sites were in continuum with the foveal edema in each eye, manifesting as diffuse macular edema. Of the two modalities--the OCT-Line group program and the OCT-Automatic central program--only the former enabled detection of extrafoveal traction in each.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diffuse macular edema secondary to various ocular diseases may be associated with extrafoveal vitreous traction. The OCT-Automatic central program may omit some of these extrafoveal traction sites. Further studies are required to validate these findings and to assess whether early vitrectomy may improve visual prognosis in these eyes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fatum
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trevino
authors.forename: Avinoam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ophir
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000473:pathology*