title: Diversification of the expression patterns and developmental functions of the dishevelled gene family during chordate evolution.
abstract: Dishevelled (Dvl) proteins are key transducers of Wnt signaling encoded by members of a multi-gene family in vertebrates. We report here the divergent, tissue-specific expression patterns for all three Dvl genes in Xenopus embryos, which contrast dramatically with their expression patterns in mice. Moreover, we find that the expression patterns of Dvl genes in the chick diverge significantly from those of Xenopus. In addition, in hemichordates, an outgroup to chordates, we find that the one Dvl gene is dynamically expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Using knockdowns, we find that Dvl1 and Dvl2 are required for early neural crest specification and for somite segmentation in Xenopus. Most strikingly, we report a novel role for Dvl3 in the maintenance of gene expression in muscle and in the development of the Xenopus sclerotome. These data demonstrate that the expression patterns and developmental functions of specific Dvl genes have diverged significantly during chordate evolution.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Roy D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bayly
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwala
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wallingford
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002642:Chick Embryo; D043344:Chordata / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D005810:Multigene Family; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000196:embryology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D019170:Somites / Q000196:embryology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017931:DNA Primers; C000606586:DVL1 protein, Xenopus; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; C000606579:Dvl1 protein, mouse; C000606582:Dvl2 protein, mouse; C000606585:Dvl3 protein, mouse; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins