title: Characterization of a new genotype and serotype of infectious bronchitis virus in Western Africa.
abstract: Between 2002 and 2007, more than 1000 chickens from commercial farms, live bird markets and backyard farms in Nigeria and Niger were tested for the presence of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) genome. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length sequences of the spike 1 (S1) gene revealed a new genotype of IBV that we refer to as 'IBADAN'. The minimum genetic distance to the closest 'non-IBADAN' strains (UK/7/93 at the nucleotide level; H120 and M41 at the amino acid level) reached 24 and 32 % at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. The full genome of the IBADAN reference strain (NGA/A116E7/2006) had a genetic distance of 9.7-16.4 % at the nucleotide level with all available fully sequenced strains. As IBV S1 plays a major role in antigenicity, the antigenic relatedness of NGA/A116E7/2006 was compared with strains of other serotypes. NGA/A116E7/2006 did not cross-react with antisera against IT02, M41, D274, Connecticut or 793/B strains in virus neutralization assays. NGA/A116E7/2006 cross-reacted with the QX-like strain ITA/90254/2005 but only to a low level (antigenic relatedness of 33 %), suggesting that IBADAN also represents a new serotype. A comparison of S1 sequences identified several amino acids that may play a role in IBV antigenicity. Despite the absence of obvious clinical signs in poultry infected by IBADAN strains, it is important to test the cross-protection of current vaccine strains.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, CRP-Santé, 20A rue Auguste Lumière, L-1950 Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Mariette F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ducatez
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Reparto di virologia e sierologia specializzata, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Ana Moreno
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ademola A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Owoade
authors.affiliation: Food Safety, Drug Residues/Animal Diseases Surveillance and Intervention, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Isaac O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Olatoye
authors.affiliation: Department Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoto, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Bello R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Alkali
authors.affiliation: LABOCEL, Direction des Laboratoires Vétérinaires, Niamey, Niger.
authors.forename: Issoufou
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maikano
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, CRP-Santé, 20A rue Auguste Lumière, L-1950 Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Chantal J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Snoeck
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, CRP-Santé, 20A rue Auguste Lumière, L-1950 Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Aurelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sausy
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Reparto di virologia e sierologia specializzata, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cordioli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, CRP-Santé, 20A rue Auguste Lumière, L-1950 Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Claude P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Muller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002353:Carrier State / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009548:Niger; D009549:Nigeria; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D012703:Serotyping
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral