title: Peptic ulcer and childhood adversities experienced by working-aged people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between self-reported peptic ulcer and childhood adversities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Health and Social Support Study (HeSSup) population consisted of a stratified random sample drawn from the Finnish Population Register in four age groups: 20-24, 30-34, 40-44 and 50-54. The survey was carried out by postal questionnaire during 1998, with a response rate of 40.0%. A follow-up questionnaire was sent during 2003 to all those who responded to the first. Altogether 19,626 individuals returned the follow-up questionnaire; a response rate of 75.8%. The subjects were asked whether a doctor had told them that they have or have had peptic ulcer. The analyses covered those who responded affirmatively to both the baseline and the follow-up enquiries (n = 718). Those not reporting a peptic ulcer in either of the two questionnaires (n = 17,677) were taken as controls. The subjects were further requested (through six questions) to think about their childhood adversities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common adversities mentioned were long-lasting financial difficulties in the family, serious conflicts in the family, and a family member seriously or chronically ill. All the adversities reported, except parental divorce, were more common among peptic ulcer patients than among controls (P values varied between < 0.001 and 0.003). Age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (OR) of childhood adversities in the multivariate logistic analysis for self-reported peptic ulcer varied between 1.45 and 2.01. Adjusting for smoking, heavy drinking, stress and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use had no further influence (ORs between 1.22 and 1.73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that childhood adversities maintain a connection with and have a predictive role in the development of peptic ulcer.
authors.affiliation: Kangasala Health Center, and Medical School, University of Tampere, FI 33014, Finland. markku.sumanen@uta.fi
authors.forename: Markku P T
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sumanen
authors.forename: Markku J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Koskenvuo
authors.forename: Lauri H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Sillanmäki
authors.forename: Kari J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mattila
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult