title: When old and frail is not the same: dissociating category and stimulus effects in four implicit attitude measurement methods.
abstract: It is not always clear whether implicit attitude measures assess the attitude towards single stimuli or the attitude towards categories. Nevertheless, this is important to know-both for interpreting implicit attitude effects and for selecting the test that is most appropriate for individual research aims. We investigated this for four implicit measures: the standard Implicit Association Test (IAT), the IAT-recoding free (IAT-RF), and two versions of the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST, identification (ID)-EAST). Effects in the standard IAT reflect evaluations of categories and single stimuli, whereas the IAT-RF measures attitudes towards categories only. Both versions of the EAST measure evaluations of single stimuli independently from the evaluation of categories. Three different effect sources are distinguished: attitudes towards single stimuli (IAT; EAST and ID-EAST), attitudes towards target categories (IAT and IAT-RF), and processes of recoding (IAT), which do not necessarily reflect attitudes.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Jena, Germany. Anne.Gast@uni-jena.de
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gast
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rothermund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001244:Association; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001290:Attitude; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009275:Names; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult