title: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy under general versus combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the results of patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for management of kidney stone disease under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and compared surgical parameters and outcomes with a matched control group who underwent PCNL under general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 82 patients were studied in two groups. Group 1 (n = 45) consisted of the patients who underwent general anesthesia, and group 2 (n = 37) comprised those who received combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ages of patients in groups 1 and 2 were 45 +/- 15 and 44 +/- 15 years, respectively. The mean areas of the stones in groups 1 and 2 were 734 +/- 386 mm(2) and 731 +/- 394 mm(2), respectively. There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 among surgical parameters, including age, stone area, operative time, irrigation fluids, fluoroscopy time, delta hemoglobin, and hospitalization time (P = 0.439). At the end of the surgery, stone-free rates were 76% in group 1 and 81% in group 2; clinically insignificant residue fragments rates were 24% in group 1 and 19% in group 2. The difference was statistically insignificant between the groups (P = 0.543).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We consider that combined spinal-regional anesthesia is a feasible technique in PCNL operations because the efficacy and safety were not affected. Further investigations with larger series are needed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey. kuzgunbay33@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Baris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuzgunbay
authors.forename: Tahsin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turunc
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ergenoglu
authors.forename: Anis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aribogan
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozkardes
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*