title: Association between plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentration and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged diabetic and nondiabetic individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a chemokine involved into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and has prognostic value in the acute and chronic phases in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  MCP-1/CCL2 concentration was measured in plasma fractions of 363 middle-aged overweight/obese individuals (aged 61 +/- 12 years, BMI 30.1 +/- 6.6 kg/m(2), 15% with type 2 diabetes, and 12% with impaired glucose tolerance) of a population survey carried out in 1990-1991 in Lombardy, Italy (Cremona Study), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was assessed in 2006 through Regional Health Registry files.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline MCP-1/CCL2 was increased in individuals with type 2 diabetes (P < 0.05) and showed significant correlations with biochemical risk markers of atherosclerosis. After 15 years, among the 363 subjects, there were 82 deaths due to CVD. In univariate analysis age, sex, fasting glucose and insulin, fibrinogen, glucose tolerance status, smoking habit, and MCP-1/CCL2 were associated with CVD mortality. Age, sex, fasting serum glucose, MCP-1/CCL2, and smoking habit maintained an independent association with CVD mortality in multiple regression analysis. In a subgroup of 113 subjects in whom data for C-reactive protein (CRP) were available, its level was not predictive of CVD mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In middle-aged overweight/obese individuals MCP-1/CCL2 was independently associated with CVD mortality. Further studies will be necessary to establish its role as a surrogate biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Institute, Istituto Scientifico H San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piemonti
authors.forename: Giliola
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calori
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lattuada
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercalli
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ragogna
authors.forename: Maria Paola
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Garancini
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruotolo
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luzi
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perseghin
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol