Whole-genome analyses reveal genetic instability of Acetobacter pasteurianus.
Acetobacter species have been used for brewing traditional vinegar and are known to have genetic instability. To clarify the mutability, Acetobacter pasteurianus NBRC 3283, which forms a multi-phenotype cell complex, was subjected to genome DNA sequencing. The genome analysis revealed that there are more than 280 transposons and five genes with hyper-mutable tandem repeats as common features in the genome consisting of a 2.9-Mb chromosome and six plasmids. There were three single nucleotide mutations and five transposon insertions in 32 isolates from the cell complex. The A. pasteurianus hyper-mutability was applied for breeding a temperature-resistant strain grown at an unviable high-temperature (42 degrees C). The genomic DNA sequence of a heritable mutant showing temperature resistance was analyzed by mutation mapping, illustrating that a 92-kb deletion and three single nucleotide mutations occurred in the genome during the adaptation. Alpha-proteobacteria including A. pasteurianus consists of many intracellular symbionts and parasites, and their genomes show increased evolution rates and intensive genome reduction. However, A. pasteurianus is assumed to be a free-living bacterium, it may have the potentiality to evolve to fit in natural niches of seasonal fruits and flowers with other organisms, such as yeasts and lactic acid bacteria.
Azuma
Yoshinao
Y
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan. yazuma@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
Hosoyama
Akira
A
Matsutani
Minenosuke
M
Furuya
Naoko
N
Horikawa
Hiroshi
H
Harada
Takeshi
T
Hirakawa
Hideki
H
Kuhara
Satoru
S
Matsushita
Kazunobu
K
Fujita
Nobuyuki
N
Shirai
Mutsunori
M
D000091:Acetobacter / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D042822:Genomic Instability; D023281:Genomics; D005838:Genotype; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences
D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial