title: Inter-rater reliability of three musculoskeletal physical examination techniques used to assess motion in three planes while standing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to measure the reliability between examiners of 3 basic maneuvers of the Total Body Functional Profile physical examination test. The hypothesis was musculoskeletal health care providers of different disciplines could reliably use the 3 basic maneuvers as part of the musculoskeletal physical examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study was conducted. Twenty-eight adult volunteers were measured on both the left and right side by 2 independent raters on a single occasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were recruited through advertisements placed by the orthopedic department at a tertiary university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight volunteers were recruited and completed the study. The volunteers were between the ages of 18 and 51 years of age, had no symptoms in the lower extremity or spine, had no previous history of surgery or tumor involving the lower extremity, and no medical conditions that would preclude participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  On a single occasion, 2 examiners per 1 volunteer were blinded to their own and each others' measurements. Each examiner assessed the distance of frontal and sagittal plane lunge and angle of motion for transverse plane testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inter-rater agreement is expressed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The difference between raters is reported with 95% CIs. Baseline demographics, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), and Harris hip questionnaires were completed by all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The UCLA and Harris hip scores showed no significant activity restrictions or pain limitations in all participants. The inter-rater reliability for sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane matrix testing was good with ICCs of 0.86 (95% CI 0.77-0.91), 0.90 (95% CI 0.84-0.94), and 0.85 (95% CI 0.75-0.91), respectively. The rater reliability between disciplines for transverse, sagittal, and frontal plane matrix testing was good with ICCs of 0.89 (95% CI 0.80-0.94), 0.88 (95% CI 0.79-0.94), and 0.90 (95% CI 0.81-0.95), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inter-rater reliability for 3 basic maneuvers of the Total Body Functional Profile is good among musculoskeletal health care providers of different disciplines. These 3 maneuvers may be used consistently as part of the musculoskeletal physical examination.
authors.affiliation: Section of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. pratherh@wudosis.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prather
authors.forename: Devyani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steger-May
authors.forename: Marcie Harris
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knaus
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clohisy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires