title: Low-density lipoprotein levels are one of the independent determinants of circulating levels of advanced glycation end products in nondiabetic subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonenzymatic modification of proteins by reducing sugars leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), whose process has been reported to progress under diabetes. Recently, diet has been found to be a major environmental source of proinflammatory AGEs in humans. Further, fats or meat-derived products processed by high heat such as broiling have been shown to contain more AGEs than carbohydrates boiled for longer periods. Since circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are also regulated by dietary cholesterol, it is conceivable that intake of cholesterol-rich foods could regulate serum levels of AGEs in humans. In this study, we investigated whether LDL-C levels are one of the independent determinants of circulating AGEs levels in a nondiabetic general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 170 nondiabetic Japanese subjects underwent a complete history, physical examination, determination of blood chemistries, and serum AGEs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed that AGEs levels were associated with LDL-C (P < 0.05) and fasting plasma glucose levels (P < 0.05). By the use of multiple stepwise regression analyses, LDL-C (P < 0.01) and fasting plasma glucose levels (P < 0.05) remained significant and were independently related to AGEs levels (R2 = 0.069).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study is the first demonstration that LDL-C levels are one of the independent determinants of serum levels of AGEs in a nondiabetic general population. Intake of cholesterol-rich foods may regulate serum levels of AGEs in nondiabetic subjects.
authors: Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan. shoichi@med.kurume-u.ac.jp
authors: Sho-ichi
authors: S
authors: Yamagishi
authors: Hisashi
authors: H
authors: Adachi
authors: Takanori
authors: T
authors: Matsui
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Nakamura
authors: Masayoshi
authors: M
authors: Takeuchi
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Enomoto
authors: Ako
authors: A
authors: Fukami
authors: Maki
authors: M
authors: Otsuka
authors: Shun-ichi
authors: S
authors: Kumagae
authors: Yasuki
authors: Y
authors: Nanjo
authors: Shin-ichiro
authors: S
authors: Ueda
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Imaizumi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human