title: Phase II study of sunitinib administered in a continuous once-daily dosing regimen in patients with cytokine-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sunitinib has demonstrated antitumor activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) when given at 50 mg/d on a 4-weeks-on 2-weeks-off regimen. Herein, we report results of an open-label, multicenter phase II mRCC study of sunitinib administered on a continuous once-daily dosing regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligibility criteria included histologically proven mRCC with measurable disease, failure of one prior cytokine regimen, and good performance status. Patients were randomly assigned to a sunitinib starting dose of 37.5 mg/d in the morning (AM) or evening (PM). RECIST-defined objective response rate (ORR) was the primary end point. Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), adverse events (AEs), and quality-of-life measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seven patients were randomly assigned to AM (n = 54) or PM (n = 53) dosing and on study for a median 8.3 months. Eighty-three patients discontinued, 65 due to disease progression and 16 because of AEs; two patients withdrew consent. Dosing was reduced to 25 mg/d in 46 patients (43%) due to grade 3/4 AEs. The most common grade 3 treatment-related AEs were asthenia/fatigue (16%), diarrhea (11%), hypertension (11%), hand-foot syndrome (9%), and anorexia (8%). ORR was 20% with a 7.2-month median response duration. Median PFS and OS were 8.2 and 19.8 months, respectively, at median follow-up of 26.4 months. Efficacy, tolerability, and quality-of-life results were similar between patients dosed in the AM or PM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sunitinib 37.5 mg, administered on a continuous once-daily dosing regimen, has a manageable safety profile as second-line mRCC therapy, providing flexible dosing, which can be explored in combination studies.
authors: Unité Immunothérapie, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France. bernard.escudier@igr.fr
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Escudier
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Roigas
authors: Silke
authors: S
authors: Gillessen
authors: Ulrika
authors: U
authors: Harmenberg
authors: Sandhya
authors: S
authors: Srinivas
authors: Sasja F
authors: SF
authors: Mulder
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Fountzilas
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Peschel
authors: Per
authors: P
authors: Flodgren
authors: Edna Chow
authors: EC
authors: Maneval
authors: Isan
authors: I
authors: Chen
authors: Nicholas J
authors: NJ
authors: Vogelzang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D016207:Cytokines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011788:Quality of Life; D000077210:Sunitinib; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007211:Indoles; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; D000077210:Sunitinib