title: Down-regulation of cathepsin K in synovium leads to progression of osteoarthritis in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hypothesis of this study was that synovial factors playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) and thus gene expression in the synovium would be altered at the initial stage of OA. The aims of this study were to identify the candidate genes in synovium related to OA initiation, to evaluate cartilage degeneration after knockdown of the gene using small interfering RNA (siRNA) gene silencing in the knee joints at the initial stage of OA, and to determine the potential role of the knocked-down gene in OA initiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genes overexpressed in synovium at the initial stage of disease in a rabbit model of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA were identified using the suppression subtractive hybridization technique and differential screening. Candidate gene expression in the synovium of the knees of rabbits with OA was manipulated with electroporation-assisted siRNA transduction 4 times before and after operation. Four weeks after surgery, histologic analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cathepsin K gene and protein expression was significantly up-regulated in synovium at the initial stage of OA in rabbits. Down-regulation of cathepsin K in synovium at the initial stage of OA significantly accelerated cartilage degeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that cathepsin K plays a protective role in cartilage degeneration at the initial stage of OA. We believe that the current results obtained from models of the early phase of OA will provide useful information for developing a novel strategy to prevent disease progression.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Daisuke
authors: D
authors: Takahashi
authors: Norimasa
authors: N
authors: Iwasaki
authors: Shigeyuki
authors: S
authors: Kon
authors: Yuichiro
authors: Y
authors: Matsui
authors: Tokifumi
authors: T
authors: Majima
authors: Akio
authors: A
authors: Minami
authors: Toshimitsu
authors: T
authors: Uede
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D056657:Cathepsin K; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D011817:Rabbits; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D002403:Cathepsins; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D056657:Cathepsin K