Serum olfactomedin 4 (GW112, hGC-1) in combination with Reg IV is a highly sensitive biomarker for gastric cancer patients.
Gastric cancer (GC) is 1 of the most common human cancers. Early detection remains the most promising approach to improving long-term survival of patients with GC. We previously performed Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) on 4 primary GCs and identified several GC-specific genes including Reg IV. Of these genes, olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4, also known as GW112 or hGC-1) is a candidate gene for cancer-specific expression. In this study, we examined the expression of olfactomedin 4 in human GC by immunohistochemistry. We also assessed serum olfactomedin 4 levels in GC patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 94 (56%) of 167 GC cases were positive for olfactomedin 4 by immunostaining. Olfactomedin 4 staining was observed more frequently in stage I/II cases than in stage III/IV cases. The serum olfactomedin 4 concentration in presurgical GC patients (n = 123, mean +/- SE, 36.3 +/- 3.5 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals (n = 76, 16.6 +/- 1.6 ng/mL). In patients with stage I GC, the sensitivity of serum olfactomedin 4 (25%) and Reg IV (35%) was superior to that of CA19-9 (5%) or CEA (3%). Furthermore, in patients with stage I GC, the combination of olfactomedin 4 and Reg IV elevated the diagnostic sensitivity to 52%. These results suggest that serum olfactomedin 4 is a useful marker for GC and its measurement alone or in combination with Reg IV has utility in the early detection of GC.
Oue
Naohide
N
Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
Sentani
Kazuhiro
K
Noguchi
Tsuyoshi
T
Ohara
Shinya
S
Sakamoto
Naoya
N
Hayashi
Tetsutaro
T
Anami
Katsuhiro
K
Motoshita
Junichi
J
Ito
Masanori
M
Tanaka
Shinji
S
Yoshida
Kazuhiro
K
Yasui
Wataru
W
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; C454127:OLFM4 protein, human; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; C428528:REG4 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor