Joint replacement rehabilitation outcomes on discharge from skilled nursing facilities and inpatient rehabilitation facilities.
OBJECTIVE
To compare functional outcomes at discharge across postacute settings.


METHODS
Prospective observational cohort study.


METHODS
Eleven inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs), 8 freestanding skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), and 1 hospital-based SNF from across the United States.


METHODS
Consecutively enrolled patients (N=2152): patients with knee replacement (n=1401) and patients with hip replacement (n=751).


METHODS
None; examination of existing practice patterns.


METHODS
FIM discharge motor score.


RESULTS
Freestanding SNF patients entered with higher motor FIM scores and left with higher scores than did IRF patients. IRF patients, however, achieved larger motor FIM gains and achieved them in a shorter time. In multivariate models controlling for patient differences and onset days, IRFs were associated with better discharge motor outcomes, but the overall setting effect was not large. The largest motor FIM differences were between medium-volume IRFs and low-volume freestanding SNFs: 4.6 motor FIM points for patients with knee replacement and 7.3 motor FIM points for patients with hip replacement. Other differences between settings were much smaller. Multivariate models explained between a third and a half of the variance in outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
As a group, IRFs had better motor FIM outcomes than did SNFs, but the size of the IRF advantage was not large. Other important facility and practice characteristics also were associated with discharge outcomes after joint replacement rehabilitation. Earlier and more intensive rehabilitation was associated with better outcomes. The volume of joint replacement patients seen by a facility also plays a part: medium-volume facilities among both SNFs and IRFs had better outcomes.
Dejong
Gerben
G
Center for Post-acute Studies, National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA. Gerben.DeJong@MedStar.net
Horn
Susan D
SD
Smout
Randall J
RJ
Tian
Wenqiang
W
Putman
Koen
K
Gassaway
Julie
J
D000368:Aged; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004282:Documentation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012866:Skilled Nursing Facilities; D014481:United States