title: Emergency planning for sudden cardiac events in North Carolina high schools.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluates the state of emergency planning for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in North Carolina high schools, primarily focusing on the existence and characteristics of written plans and the presence of automated external defibrillators (AEDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  All athletic directors listed in the 2007-2008 North Carolina High School Athletic Association Directory were surveyed via an online survey to determine their level of planning and preparation for SCA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Completed surveys were received from 36.7% (138/376) of the schools. Emergency action plans (EAPs) existed in 55.8% (n = 77) of high schools and were significantly less likely to be present in Divisions 1 and 2 (p < 0.01) than in Divisions 3 and 4 which have higher enrollment. EAPs included aims to initiate CPR within one minute (80.5%), and targets to defibrillate within three-five minutes (66.2%) as recommended by recent guidelines from the National Athletic Trainers Association. AEDs were present in 72.5% (n = 100) of the responding schools, and the presence of an AED was related to the presence of an EAP (p < 0.01). Schools in Division 1 were less likely to possess an AED (p < 0.01) than schools in the larger divisions. Of schools without AEDs, 39.5% (n = 15) reported children or adults attending or working at the school who were at risk for heart disease. Lack of funding was the most commonly reported barrier to obtaining an AED.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A low response rate and self-reported data may have biased results in favor of those who adopted plans or purchased an AED.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of responding schools possessed both an EAP and an AED and reported that they met several current recommended guidelines for emergency preparedness for SCA. These results for North Carolina high schools are similar to reports from other states. Significant room for improvement exists, however, as the number of schools without an EAP or AED is still relatively large and some important components of emergency planning are lacking in the EAPs.
authors: Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, USA. amonroe@wfubmc.edu
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Monroe
authors: Daryl A
authors: DA
authors: Rosenbaum
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Davis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control*; D047548:Defibrillators; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006285:Health Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009657:North Carolina; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students