title: Prostate cancer-specific anxiety in Dutch patients on active surveillance: validation of the memorial anxiety scale for prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Men with prostate cancer (PC) may show specific disease-related anxiety. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Dutch adaptation of the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX-PC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The MAX-PC was translated using standardized forward-backward procedures. Patients (N = 150) on active surveillance, a strategy of initially withholding active therapy, for recently diagnosed early PC were mailed a questionnaire. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. The scale structure was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Construct validity was evaluated by Pearson's correlations between MAX-PC scores and scores on decisional conflict (DCS), generic anxiety (STAI), depression (CES-D), and general mental health (SF-12 MCS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 129 respondents were used (response rate 86%). Cronbach's alpha for the total score and the three subscales were 0.77, 0.91, 0.64, and 0.85, respectively. CFA largely confirmed the three-factor structure as used in the original publication (model fit: chi(2) 149, P = 0.051). The patterns of directions and sizes of the correlations (r = 0.36-0.66) between MAX-PC scale scores and the other variables were in accordance with a priori hypotheses, except for the prostate-specific antigen anxiety subscale. The relatively poor performance of this scale in the original version was replicated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The structure and validity of the MAX-PC to quantify PC-specific anxiety were largely confirmed in Dutch patients.
authors: Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room NH-227, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. r.vandenbergh@erasmusmc.nl
authors: Roderick C N
authors: RC
authors: van den Bergh
authors: Ida J
authors: IJ
authors: Korfage
authors: Gerard J J M
authors: GJ
authors: Borsboom
authors: Ewout W
authors: EW
authors: Steyerberg
authors: Marie-Louise
authors: ML
authors: Essink-Bot
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires