title: Effect of saliva contamination on bond strength of resin luting cements to dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the effect of saliva contamination on the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) of resin luting cements to dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  For RelyX ARC (ARC, 3M ESPE), dentin surfaces were etched with 32% phosphoric acid. The subgroups were: ARC-control (uncontaminated), ARC-I (saliva contamination, blot-dried), ARC-II (saliva contamination, rinse, blot-dried) and ARC-III (saliva contamination, rinse, re-etch, rinse, blot-dried). For Panavia F 2.0 (PF, Kuraray), the subgroups were: PF-control (uncontaminated), PF-I (saliva contamination, dried), PF-II (saliva contamination, rinse, dried), PF-III (primer, saliva contamination, dried), PF-IV (primer, saliva contamination, dried, primer re-applied) and PF-V (primer, saliva contamination, rinse, dried, primer re-applied). Composite blocks were luted onto dentin using the two cements. Bonded specimens were sectioned into 0.9 mm x 0.9 mm beams for muTBS testing. Representative fractured beams were prepared for fractographic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For ARC, salivary contamination of etched dentin (ARC-I) significantly lowered bond strength (p=0.001). Rinsing saliva off with water (ARC-II) restored bond strength to control level. Re-etching dentin surface after rinsing (ARC-III) resulted in the lowest bond strength (p<0.001). For PF, salivary contamination of dentin before (PF-I) and after application of primer (PF-III and PF-IV) significantly lowered bond strength (p<0.001). Rinsing saliva off with water and re-application of primer (PF-II and PF-V) improved bond strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saliva contamination during luting deteriorated the bond quality of resin cements. Decontamination by rinsing with water was most effective in restoring the bond strength of RelyX ARC. Decontamination by water-rinsing and primer re-application after rinsing improved the bond strength of Panavia F 2.0.
authors: Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors: C W M
authors: CW
authors: Chung
authors: C K Y
authors: CK
authors: Yiu
authors: N M
authors: NM
authors: King
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Hiraishi
authors: F R
authors: FR
authors: Tay
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000268:Adhesiveness; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012463:Saliva / Q000502:physiology*; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C103506:Bis-GMA, BPDM, HEMA dental-bonding resin; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; C076805:Clearfil Porcelain Bond; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C500742:ED Primer II; D008689:Methacrylates; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011140:Polyurethanes; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; D017655:Silicon Compounds; C511238:Single Bond Plus; C091839:urethanetrimethacrylate; D014867:Water; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C030242:phosphoric acid; C022088:silicon carbide