title: Risk factors occurring during pregnancy and birth in relation to brain functioning and child's anxiety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined whether the most objective risk factors during pregnancy (prenatal) and delivery (perinatal) precede child's anxiety, and whether these factors exerted their influence via child's non-specific cerebral functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Median-anxious (n=82) and high-anxious (n=188) children (8-12), enrolled via the use of an anxiety screening questionnaire. Mothers were interviewed on pre-/perinatal risk factors, and children completed a visuospatial copying task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-anxious children were exposed to more prenatal (not perinatal) risk factors and deviated more on the visuospatial copying task. Prenatal risk factors, deviation on visuospatial copying, and their interaction were significant predictors of anxiety, accounting for 13.5% of the variance of anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This percentage is impressive, given the fact that anxiety emerges from various combinations of risk factors and nature-nurture interactions. This study underlined the importance of considering risk factors occurring during pregnancy in relation to child anxiety and brain functioning.
authors: Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands. e.simon@maastrichtuniversity.nl
authors: Ellin
authors: E
authors: Simon
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Bögels
authors: Reinoud
authors: R
authors: Stoel
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: De Schutter
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors