title: Prescribing patterns and utilization of antimicrobial drugs in a tertiary care teaching hospital of a Caribbean developing country.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the prescribing practices and utilization of antimicrobials in a tertiary care teaching hospital of a Caribbean developing country. A prospective observational cohort study was undertaken for a period of 12 weeks in the general wards and the intensive care unit (ICU) of the hospital. Demographic data, diagnoses on admission, antimicrobials prescribed, dosage and duration, route of administration, leukocyte count and microbiological culture and sensitivity reports were recorded. Hospital length of stay and final outcome were recorded. The usage was determined in terms of prescribed daily dose and the total costs of antimicrobials were calculated. Of 889 patients admitted, 335 (37.7%) received 22 different antimicrobial drugs. Overall, 67% of the prescriptions adhered to the hospital protocol. Median length of stay in the hospital was 7 days. Skin and soft tissue infections were the most common diagnoses for which antimicrobials were prescribed. Amoxicillin-clavulanate was the most common (32%) antimicrobial used. Eighty-nine percent of the antimicrobials were given through the intravenous route. Sixty percent of the patients received two antimicrobials, 26% received three, and 14% of patients were prescribed four or more antimicrobials during their stay at the hospital. There was significantly higher inappropriate choice of antimicrobials in ICU when compared with general wards (Mantel-Haenszel Odds Ratio 3.3; 95% Confidence Intervals 1.4, 7.7). Prescribing patterns did not strictly adhere to the hospital antimicrobial protocol. There is a need for monitoring and control of antimicrobial prescription.
authors: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies. uwi.hariharan@gmail.com
authors: Seetharaman
authors: S
authors: Hariharan
authors: Gopalakrishna
authors: G
authors: Pillai
authors: Denero
authors: D
authors: McIntosh
authors: Zahra
authors: Z
authors: Bhanji
authors: Lendeisha
authors: L
authors: Culmer
authors: Keista
authors: K
authors: Harper-McIntosh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000592:standards*; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014900:West Indies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents