title: Methods and reliability of tissue Doppler imaging for assessment of left ventricular radial wall motion in horses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular (LV) function is incompletely studied in horses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goals of this study were to investigate the feasibility, techniques, and reliability of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) for characterization of LV radial wall motion in healthy horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three Standardbreds, 3 Thoroughbreds; age 8-14 years; body weight 517-606 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated echocardiographic examinations were performed by 2 observers in unsedated horses using TDI. Test reliability was determined by estimating measurement variability, within-day interobserver variability, and between-day interobserver and intraobserver variability of all echocardiographic variables. Variability was expressed as coefficient of variation (CV) and the absolute value below which the difference between 2 measurements will lie with 95% probability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assessment of LV radial wall motion by TDI was feasible in all horses. Measurement variabilities were very low (CV < 5%) to low (CV 5-15%) for most variables. Within-day interobserver variability as well as between-day interobserver and intraobserver variabilities were low to moderate (CV 16-25%) for most variables. All pulsed-wave TDI variables of systolic LV function showed very low to low variability, whereas some of the variables of LV diastolic and LA function showed moderate to high (CV > 25%) variability. Pulsed-wave TDI variables appeared more reliable than color TDI variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of TDI indices of LV function is feasible and reliable in adult Standardbred and Thoroughbred horses. The clinical relevance of LV function assessment by TDI remains to be determined.
authors: Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. cschwarzwald@vetclinics.uzh.ch
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Schwarzwald
authors: K E
authors: KE
authors: Schober
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Bonagura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*