title: Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin gene of canine distemper virus strains detected from breeding foxes, raccoon dogs and minks in China.
abstract: Canine distemper virus (CDV) infects a variety of carnivores, including wild and domestic Canidae. Genetic/antigenic heterogeneity has been observed among the various CDV strains, notably in the haemagglutinin (H) gene, that appears as a good target to gather epidemiological information. Based on sequence analysis of the H gene, wild-type CDV strains cluster into distinct geographic lineages (genotypes), irrespective of the species of isolation. The sequence of the H gene of 28 CDV strains detected from both vaccinated and non-vaccinated breeding foxes, raccoon dogs and minks from different geographical areas of China during the years 2004-2008 was determined. All the CDV strains but two (strains HL and HLJ2) were characterized as Asia-1 genotype and were highly similar to each other (96.2-99.7% at the amino acid [aa] level) and to other Asia-1 strains (96.1-99.5% aa) previously detected in China. The CDV strains HL and HLJ2 were both collected from foxes in Heilongjiang province in 2005. Strain HL resembled CDVs of the Arctic genotype (GR88-like) and displayed high aa identity (98.0%) to the Chinese canine strain Liu. By converse, strain HLJ2 was barely related to CDVs of the Asia-2 genotype (88.7-90.3% aa identity), and could represent a novel CDV genotype, tentatively proposed as Asia-3. These results suggest that at least three different CDV genotypes, distantly related (81.8-91.6% aa identity) to the vaccine strains, Onderstepoort-like (America-1 genotype), are currently circulating in breeding foxes, raccoon dogs and minks in China, and that the genotype Asia-1 is predominant. Whether the diversity between wild-type CDVs and the vaccine strains may affect, to some extent, the efficacy of the vaccines deserves further investigations.
authors: Division of Zoonoses, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS, 15 Luming Street, Jilin 132109, China. zhaojianjun1211@163.com
authors: Jian-Jun
authors: JJ
authors: Zhao
authors: Xi-Jun
authors: XJ
authors: Yan
authors: Xiu-Li
authors: XL
authors: Chai
authors: Vito
authors: V
authors: Martella
authors: Guo-Liang
authors: GL
authors: Luo
authors: Hai-Ling
authors: HL
authors: Zhang
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Gao
authors: Ying-Xue
authors: YX
authors: Liu
authors: Xue
authors: X
authors: Bai
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Chen
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: Chun-Fei
authors: CF
authors: Zhao
authors: Feng-Xue
authors: FX
authors: Wang
authors: Xi-Qun
authors: XQ
authors: Shao
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Wu
authors: Shi-Peng
authors: SP
authors: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002335:Carnivora / Q000821:virology*; D002681:China; D004216:Distemper / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005589:Foxes; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D008907:Mink; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D046031:Raccoon Dogs; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral