title: Effects of atrazine on cytochrome P450 enzymes of zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: In this study, the effects of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) in males and females of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were studied. The liver microsomal cytochrome P450 content, NADPH-P450 reductase, aminopyrine N-demethylase (APND), and erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND) activity were measured. Zebrafish were exposed to control and 3 treatments (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg L(-1)) of atrazine for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days. The results indicated that, within the range of test atrazine concentrations, either P450 content or P450 isozyme activities could be induced by atrazine. Compared to controls, P450 content was significantly increased at all atrazine concentrations at days 10, 15, and 20; thereafter, at day 25, all concentrations decreased to approximately the control levels, both in males and females. In addition, the strongest induction of P450 content was observed on day 15 in males and day 10 in females at treatment concentrations of 1 mg L(-1). NADPH-P450 reductase activities showed mild increase in males; however, the females exhibited significant induction on days 15, 20, and 25; especially, at concentrations of 0.01 mg L(-1), the induction level was consistently increased during the experiment. The inducements of APND and ERND in males were mainly observed on the days 5, 10, and 15, which showed less distinct induction, while significant induction was observed in cases of treatments during all days in females. In conclusion, atrazine induces P450 enzymes in zebrafish, and the effects may function as significant toxicity mechanisms in zebrafish. Additionally, it also confirms the importance of using a combined multi-time and multi-index diagnostic method to enhance the sensitivity and effectiveness of the indices adopted.
authors: College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China. xiaoliabc_123456@163.com
authors: Xiaoli
authors: X
authors: Dong
authors: Lusheng
authors: L
authors: Zhu
authors: Jinhua
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Xie
authors: Xinxin
authors: X
authors: Hou
authors: Wentao
authors: W
authors: Jia
mesh_terms: D000633:Aminopyrine N-Demethylase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D000633:Aminopyrine N-Demethylase; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; D001280:Atrazine