title: Comparison of cytology, colposcopy, HPV typing and biomarker analysis in cervical neoplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical cancer is the leading cause of mortality among women worldwide, despite existing prevention programs. In light of the recent development of anti-HPV vaccines, the aim of this study was to evaluate concurrently the efficacy of four methods for risk assessment (cytology, colposcopy, HPV molecular typing and detection of biomarkers in cervical biopsies) in an attempt to define the most efficient combination.
  
  
  METHODS
  The studied group included 62 women with abnormal Pap tests and cervical lesions ranging from cervicitis and condylomas to intraepithelial neoplasias and invasive cancer. All women underwent full colposcopy assessment and colposcopically-taken biopsies were selected for histological examination, immunohistochemical identification of p16, p53, Bcl-2 biomarkers, as well as molecular detection and typing of HPV genomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytology and colposcopy showed very high sensitivity in detecting CIN and cancer (91.7% and 94.4%, respectively), but low specificity (34.6% and 50%, respectively). The detection of the 3 biomarkers reached an impressive sensitivity (83.3%) and a moderate specificity (65.4%). HPV detection and typing achieved 77.8% sensitivity, and the highest specificity of 80.8% in detecting CIN and cancer cases. HPV DNA testing had the highest positive prognostic value (84.9%; confidence interval, CI: 67.4%- 94.3%) and cytology the lowest (66.0%; CI: 51.2%- 78.4%). Coupled HPV typing and colposcopy proved to be the most efficient combination, increasing sensitivity to 97.2% and negative prognostic value to 92.3%. The estimation of cervical neoplasia or cancer in women with high-risk HPV types increased approximately 15-fold (odds ratio, OR: 14.70; CI: 4.30-50.09, p<0.001), ~23-fold in the case of combined positive biomarkers (OR: 23.18; CI: 4.97- 104.23, p<0.001), and 35-fold in case of colposcopically detected cervical neoplasia (OR: 35.00; CI: 5.16- 225.07, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most efficient combination among all tested methodologies was found to be HPV typing with colposcopy.
authors: Department of Medical Laboratories, Molecular Virology Laboratory, Technological Institution of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Adamopoulou
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Kalkani
authors: Ekatherina
authors: E
authors: Charvalos
authors: Dimitris
authors: D
authors: Avgoustidis
authors: Dimitris
authors: D
authors: Haidopoulos
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Yapijakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003127:Colposcopy; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D011379:Prognosis; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D055815:Young Adult; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004279:DNA, Viral