title: Involved field radiation after autologous stem cell transplant for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For patients with recurrent or refractory large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the treatment of choice. We evaluated the role of involved field radiation therapy (IFRT) post-ASCT for patients initially induced with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or, more recently, rituximab-CHOP (R-CHOP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 1992 and April 2005, 176 patients underwent ASCT for recurrent or refractory large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; 164 patients were evaluable for endpoint analysis. Fifty percent of the CHOP group (n = 131), and 39% of the R-CHOP group (n = 33), received IFRT. Follow-up from the time of transplant was a median/mean of 1.7/3 years (range, 0.03-13 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) improved with IFRT in both the R-CHOP (p = 0.006 and 0.02, respectively) and CHOP (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively) groups. IFRT was associated with a 10% (p = 0.17) reduction in local failure, alone or with a distant site. On univariate analysis, IFRT was associated with superior OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50 [95% CI 0.32, 0.78]; p = 0.002) and DSS (HR = 0.53 [95% CI 0.33, 0.86]; p = 0.009). Presence of B symptoms was adverse (p = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, only IFRT was associated with significant improvement in OS (HR = 0.35 [0.18, 0.68]; p = 0.002) and DSS (HR = 0.39 [95% CI 0.18, 0.84]; p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognizing that positive and negative patient selection bias exists for the use of IFRT post-ASCT, patients initially treated with CHOP or R-CHOP and who undergo ASCT for recurrent or refractory disease may benefit from subsequent IFRT presumably due to enhanced local control that can translate into a survival advantage.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors: Tithi
authors: T
authors: Biswas
authors: Sughosh
authors: S
authors: Dhakal
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Chen
authors: Ollivier
authors: O
authors: Hyrien
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Bernstein
authors: Jonathan W
authors: JW
authors: Friedberg
authors: Richard I
authors: RI
authors: Fisher
authors: Jane
authors: J
authors: Liesveld
authors: Gordon
authors: G
authors: Phillips
authors: Louis S
authors: LS
authors: Constine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012074:Remission Induction; D000069283:Rituximab; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000069283:Rituximab; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone