title: Additional value of three-dimensional echocardiography in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no gold standard technique for quantification of ventricular dyssynchrony.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether additional real-time three-dimensional morphologic assessment of ventricular dyssynchrony affects response after biventricular pacing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients with severe heart failure were implanted with a biventricular pacing device and underwent two-dimensional (time dispersion of 12 left ventricular electromechanical delays) and three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of ventricular dyssynchrony (dispersion of time to minimum regional volume for 16 left ventricular segments), before implantation, 2 days postimplantation with optimization of the pacing interventricular delay and 6 months postimplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individual optimization of sequential biventricular pacing based on three-dimensional ventricular dyssynchrony provided more improvement (p<0.05) in left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output than simultaneous biventricular pacing. During the different configurations of sequential biventricular pacing, the changes in three-dimensional ventricular dyssynchrony were highly correlated with those of cardiac output (r=-0.67, p<0.001) and ejection fraction (r=-0.68, p<0.001). The correlations between two-dimensional ventricular dyssynchrony and cardiac output or ejection fraction were significant but less (r=-0.60, p<0.01 and r=-0.56, p<0.05, respectively). After 6 months, 76% of patients were considered responders (10% decrease in end-systolic volume). Before implantation, we observed a significant difference between responders and non-responders in terms of three-dimensional (p<0.05) - but not two-dimensional - ventricular dyssynchrony.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective study demonstrated the additional value of three-dimensional assessment of ventricular dyssynchrony in predicting response after biventricular pacing and optimizing the pacing configuration.
authors: CHU of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors: Antoine
authors: A
authors: Deplagne
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Bordachar
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Reant
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Montaudon
authors: Sylvain
authors: S
authors: Reuter
authors: Julien
authors: J
authors: Laborderie
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Dos Santos
authors: Raymond
authors: R
authors: Roudaut
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Jais
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Haissaguerre
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Laurent
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Clementy
authors: Stéphane
authors: S
authors: Lafitte
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling