Molecular characterization and expression pattern of the equine lactate dehydrogenase A and B genes.
The species-specific properties of LDH isozymes are essentially determined by M (muscle) and H (heart) subunit proteins encoded by the LDHA and LDHB genes, respectively. In the present study, we molecularly characterized the full-length equine lactate dehydrogenase A (eLDHA) and B (eLDHB) cDNAs. The eLDHA cDNA consisted of a 999-bp open reading frame (ORF), while the eLDHB and newly acquired bat LDHB consisted of a 1002-bp ORF, which is 3 bp shorter than the LDHB ORF of other registered mammals. The alignment of amino acid sequences showed that eLDHA acquired positively charged His 88 and 226, and eLDHB lost negatively charged Glu 14, as compared to the highly conserved residues at these positions in the corresponding amino acid sequences of other mammals. These alterations were identified in six equine species by genomic DNA analysis. A comparison of the equine and human 3D structures revealed that the substituted His 88 and 226 of the eLDHA monomer and the deleted Glu 14 of the eLDHB monomer altered the surface charge of equine LDH tetramers and that these three residues were located in important regions affecting the catalytic kinetics. Also, RT-PCR amplification of the three myosin heavy chain isoforms corroborated that the cervical muscle as postural muscle of the thoroughbred horse was composed of more oxidative myofibers than the dynamic muscle. Based on this property, the mRNA expression patterns of eLDHA, eLDHB, and eGAPDH in various tissues were analyzed by using real-time PCR. The expression levels of these three genes in the cervical muscle were not always relatively higher than in the brain or heart.
Echigoya
Yusuke
Y
Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.
Sato
Tetsuo
T
Itou
Takuya
T
Endo
Hideki
H
Sakai
Takeo
T
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry; D005091:Exons; D015870:Gene Expression; D006736:Horses / Q000235:genetics*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase