title: Hepatitis A outbreaks in China during 2006: application of molecular epidemiology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In China, hepatitis is a huge public health problem. Outbreaks of hepatitis A are the most frequent cause of acute hepatitis, and to date, few epidemiologic investigations or molecular surveillance studies have been performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2006, two major outbreaks of hepatitis A occurred, one in Guigang City, southern China, and the other in Hetian City, northwestern China. Field and molecular epidemiologic investigations were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Guigang, a single outbreak occurred in a school; 35 patients and 25 asymptomatic individuals were infected with 1 strain of hepatitis A virus (HAV). A case-control study showed that contaminated water was the likely transmission source. In Hetian, the epidemic of hepatitis A consisted of sporadic, small outbreaks involving as many as 20 wild HAV strains. A molecular epidemiology approach allowed us to identify two groups infected by individual HAV strains. Further fieldwork and a case-control study showed that ice cream was the suspected transmission source in one group. Our molecular epidemiology study showed that genetic variability between the HAV strains isolated from Guigang and Hetian and previously reported HAV strains was at least 4.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contaminated water and suspected ice cream were associated with outbreaks of hepatitis A. Viral genetic analysis may advance field investigations in complex situations.
authors: Division of Hepatitis, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yingxin Street 100, Xuanwu District, Beijing, 100052, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jingyuan
authors: J
authors: Cao
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Song
authors: Qingling
authors: Q
authors: Meng
authors: Liping
authors: L
authors: Sheng
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Bian
authors: Wenqian
authors: W
authors: Mahemuti
authors: Ayiguli
authors: A
authors: Yierhali
authors: Masao
authors: M
authors: Omata
authors: Shengli
authors: S
authors: Bi