title: Comparison of diagnostic yield of AFB with sputum induction to spontaneous sputum examination in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the diagnostic yield of AFB positivity with sputum induction to spontaneous sputum examination in suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January to December 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sputum specimens were collected by both techniques from 164 patients with clinical and radiological suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis admitted in medical wards. All specimens were examined for AFB smear and culture positivity. Sputum induction was done for 15-20 minutes with 3% sterile hypertonic saline solution by nebulization in all cases. Proportions were compared using Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 164 patients, 32 patients (19.5%) were not expectorating spontaneously. Sputum induction was successful in 22 (68.75%) cases and AFB smear was positive in 03 (9.37%) and AFB culture was positive in 7 (21.8%) of these cases. One hundred and thirty two (80.5%) patients were already expectorating and both Day-1 (spontaneous) and Day-2 (induced) sputum samples were available. Day-1 (spontaneous) sputum specimens revealed AFB smear positive results in 20 (15.15%) patients, and AFB culture positive results in 24 (18.18%) patients. Smear positivity on Day-2 (induced) sputum samples was 21.21% (28) with 27.27% (36) culture positivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In expectorating patients, AFB smear and culture positivity results remain comparable with spontaneous and induced sputum sampling. Sputum induction improves the diagnostic yield for AFB in patients unable to expectorate adequate sputum sample.
authors: Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan.
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Atiq-ur-Rehman
authors: Arshad
authors: A
authors: Naseem
authors: Tassawar
authors: T
authors: Hussain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011859:Radiography; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013183:Sputum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology