title: Pleiotrophin regulates lung epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation during fetal lung development via beta-catenin and Dlk1.
abstract: The role of pleiotrophin in fetal lung development was investigated. We found that pleiotrophin and its receptor, protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor beta/zeta, were highly expressed in mesenchymal and epithelial cells of the fetal lungs, respectively. Using isolated fetal alveolar epithelial type II cells, we demonstrated that pleiotrophin promoted fetal type II cell proliferation and arrested type II cell trans-differentiation into alveolar epithelial type I cells. Pleiotrophin also increased wound healing of injured type II cell monolayer. Knockdown of pleiotrophin influenced lung branching morphogenesis in a fetal lung organ culture model. Pleiotrophin increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin, promoted beta-catenin translocation into the nucleus, and activated T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor transcription factors. Dlk1, a membrane ligand that initiates the Notch signaling pathway, was identified as a downstream target of the pleiotrophin/beta-catenin pathway by endogenous dlk1 expression, promoter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. These results provide evidence that pleiotrophin regulates fetal type II cell proliferation and differentiation via integration of multiple signaling pathways including pleiotrophin, beta-catenin, and Notch pathways.
authors: Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078.
authors: Tingting
authors: T
authors: Weng
authors: Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Gao
authors: Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078.
authors: Manoj
authors: M
authors: Bhaskaran
authors: Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078.
authors: Yujie
authors: Y
authors: Guo
authors: Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078.
authors: Deming
authors: D
authors: Gou
authors: Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078.
authors: Jeyaparthasarathy
authors: J
authors: Narayanaperumal
authors: Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078.
authors: Narendranath Reddy
authors: NR
authors: Chintagari
authors: Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078.
authors: Kexiong
authors: K
authors: Zhang
authors: Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078. Electronic address: lin.liu@okstate.edu.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D054633:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; C512923:Dlk1 protein, rat; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D051176:beta Catenin; C066845:pleiotrophin; D054633:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5