Six-week supplementation with Chlorella has favorable impact on antioxidant status in Korean male smokers.
OBJECTIVE
Chlorella vulgaris is a popular food supplement in Asia and is currently marketed as a nutritional supplement. However, available scientific studies do not support its effectiveness for preventing or treating any disease in humans. Because Chlorella contains numerous nutrients, including antioxidants, it is thought to exert antioxidative functions by scavenging free radicals created by various environmental factors such as smoking. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 6 wk of Chlorella supplementation to smokers is protective against oxidative damage in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.


METHODS
Fifty-two smokers, aged 20-65 y, were given 6.3g of Chlorella or placebo every day for 6 wk. Blood samples were drawn at the beginning and after the supplementation. Plasma antioxidant vitamin levels and lipid peroxidation levels were measured. As a marker of oxidative stress, lymphocyte DNA damage was measured.


RESULTS
Chlorella supplementation increased plasma vitamin C (44.4%), alpha-tocopherol (15.7%), and erythrocyte catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Although 6 wk of Chlorella supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in lymphocyte DNA damage, as measured by comet assay, placebo supplementation also decreased the measured amount of lymphocyte DNA damage.


CONCLUSIONS
Chlorella supplementation resulted in the conservation of plasma antioxidant nutrient status and improvement in erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in subjects. Therefore, our results are supportive of an antioxidant role for Chlorella and indicate that Chlorella is an important whole-food supplement that should be included as a key component of a healthy diet.
Lee
Sun Hee
SH
Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Kang
Hae Jin
HJ
Lee
Hye-Jin
HJ
Kang
Myung-Hee
MH
Park
Yoo Kyoung
YK
D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D002708:Chlorella; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D015990:Placebo Effect; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D028321:Plant Preparations; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid