Non-responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccination in HIV seropositive patients; possible causes and solutions.
Hyporesponsiveness (anti-HBs 10-100 IU/l) or non-responsiveness (anti-HBs < 10 IU/l) to hepatitis B vaccines is a problem in approximately 20-70% of HIV-positive patients. Mechanisms for impaired humoral and cellular immunity related to the HIV infection are reviewed. Contributing risk factors like age, gender, CD4+ T-cell count, HIV RNA load and coinfection with hepatitis C are highlighted. New developments in improving the HBV vaccine immunogenicity are discussed and clinical recommendations are given for HBV-re-vaccination of HIV patients who failed on standard HBV vaccination.
van den Berg
Rianne
R
VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
van Hoogstraten
Ingrid
I
van Agtmael
Michiel
M
D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy
D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines