title: Routine surgical videothoracoscopy as the first step of the planned resection for lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Notwithstanding preoperative staging, a number of procedures still end in an exploratory thoracotomy as a result of unexpected findings. The aim of this work is to evaluate the validity of routine videothoracoscopy, performed as the first step of every planned resection for non-small cell lung cancer, to assess tumor resectability and feasibility of the resection through thoracoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From November 1991 to December 2007, in our department, 1306 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, judged operable at conventional staging, underwent videothoracoscopy before the operation. Thoracoscopy revealed inoperability in 58 (4.4%) patients, mostly owing to pleural dissemination (2.5%) or mediastinal infiltration (1.7%). In the remaining 1248 (95.6%), thoracoscopy did not reveal inoperability. Of these, 449 (34.4%) underwent thoracoscopic resection. The other 799 (61.2%) underwent thoracotomy: 767 underwent resection, but 32 (2.5%) had an exploratory thoracotomy. Thoracoscopy had suggested unresectability in 7 (0.5%) patients, had been incompletely carried out in 4 (0.3%), and was unfeasible in 21 (1.6%) owing to insurmountable technical reasons. In our previous series from 1980 to 1991 the exploratory thoracotomy rate had been 11.6%. In the present series, after the introduction of routine thoracoscopy in the staging process, the exploratory thoracotomy rate was 2.5%. Thoracoscopy was reliable in excluding unresectability (negative predictive value 0.97). The global percentage of correct staging was significantly better (P < .0001) by thoracoscopy (73.3%) than by computed tomography (48.7%). Considering T descriptor, video-assisted thoracic surgery correctly matched with final pathologic staging in 96.2% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine preliminary videothoracoscopy ensured assessment of tumor resectability and feasibility of the resection through thoracoscopy and limited unnecessary thoracotomies.
authors: Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Milan, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena/IRCCS, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy. contardo.vergani@unimi.it
authors: Contardo
authors: C
authors: Vergani
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Varoli
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Despini
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Harari
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Mozzi
authors: Giancarlo
authors: G
authors: Roviaro
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; D013908:Thoracotomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome