title: In vitro assessments of experimental NaF dentifrices containing a prospective calcium phosphate technology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the fluoride dose response of experimental NaF dentifrices containing a prospective calcium phosphate technology, along with the corresponding relative enamel and dentin abrasion values.
  
  
  METHODS
  3 mm diameter bovine enamel specimens were mounted, ground and polished, and softened in a carbopol-lactic acid solution (pH = 5.0) for 36 hours at 37 degrees C. Specimens were then measured for baseline Vickers microhardness and stratified (N = 18, mean VHN = 33) into eight groups. These groups consisted of a placebo paste, four test dentifrices (A, B, C, D) with three of the four (A, B, C) containing a promising calcium phosphate ingredient, Crest Cavity Protection, MI Paste Plus, and PreviDent Booster 5000. The groups were cycled in a lesion reversal pH cycling model consisting of four 2-minute treatment periods (diluted 1:3 with DI water) and one 4-hour acid challenge (carbopol-lactic acid, pH = 5.0) per day. Between these events, specimens were immersed in artificial saliva (pH = 7.0). After 20 days of cycling, the specimens were microdrilled and analyzed for fluoride content, and also measured for Vickers surface microhardness after 10 and 20 days of cycling and after a 2-hour and 16-hour post-cycle acid challenge (carbopol-lactic acid, pH = 5.0). Separately, relative dentin and enamel abrasion (RDA and REA) were performed using the ADA recommended radiotracer method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A fluoride dose response was observed for the test dentifrices after 10 and 20 days of pH cycling, with test dentifrice C promoting the highest remineralization among the groups while both the MI Paste Plus and PreviDent systems provide the least remineralization (one-way ANOVA, SNK, P < 0.05). With respect to enamel fluoride uptake, the group facilitating the highest incorporation of fluoride into the enamel lesion was test dentifrice C, while the least effective NaF system was the MI Paste Plus (one-way ANOVA, SNK, P < 0.05). In terms of formulation abrasion, the REA scores were similar among the test dentifrices, MI Paste Plus, and PreviDent and compared favorably to the ADA reference material score (one-way ANOVA, SNK, P < 0.05); relative to the ADA reference material RDA score, the data indicate that MI Paste Plus was essentially non-abrasive, while PreviDent was significantly more abrasive to dentin (one-way ANOVA, SNK, P < 0.05). Altogether, these data show the developmental test dentifrices demonstrate a fluoride dose response and show great promise in remineralizing white-spot enamel lesions relative to MI Paste Plus and PreviDent.
authors: Indiana Nanotech, LLC, 351 West 10th Street, Suite 309, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. rkarlins@gmail.com
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Karlinsey
authors: Allen C
authors: AC
authors: Mackey
authors: George K
authors: GK
authors: Stookey
authors: Aaron M
authors: AM
authors: Pfarrer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000378:metabolism; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry*; D003804:Dentin / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000091402:Prohibitins; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D004338:Drug Combinations; C000717331:PHB2 protein, human; D000091402:Prohibitins; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C020243:calcium phosphate