title: Presentation format affects comprehension and risk assessment: the case of prenatal screening.
abstract: We studied the effects of presentation formats (frequency, 1-in-N, and visual) and numeracy level on students' understanding of prenatal screening results, as well as their risk assessment for having a fetus with Down syndrome. Frequency format (vs. 1-in-N and visual formats) improved participants' ability to accurately assess the chances of having a fetus with Down syndrome, and was associated with lower risk estimates. High numeracy levels were associated with a better ability to judge risk likelihood. For individuals of low numeracy levels, however, the frequency format significantly facilitated accurate understanding of probability information. This suggests that presenting information in frequency format is particularly beneficial for certain populations.
authors: Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
authors: Talya
authors: T
authors: Miron-Shatz
authors: Yaniv
authors: Y
authors: Hanoch
authors: Dana
authors: D
authors: Graef
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Sagi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D032882:Comprehension; D003625:Data Collection; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D011939:Mental Recall; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult