title: Associations between treatment processes, patient characteristics, and outcomes in outpatient physical therapy practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify how treatment processes are related to functional outcomes for patients seeking treatment for musculoskeletal impairments while controlling for demographic and health characteristics at intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational cohort study. Treatment processes were not altered. Data were collected continuously from June 2005 to January 2008. Descriptive statistics were applied to compare patient characteristics, interventions, and outcomes between impairment categories. Ordinary least-squares multiple regressions were used to examine associations between patient characteristics at intake, treatment processes, and functional outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four community-based outpatient physical therapy clinics of Maccabi Healthcare Services, a public health plan in Israel.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive sample of 22,019 adult patients (mean age 51.2 y, standard deviation=15.7, range 18-96, 58% women) seeking treatment due to lumbar spine, knee, cervical spine, or shoulder impairments with functional measurements at intake and discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional status at discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Explanatory power ranged from 30% to 39%. Better outcomes were associated with patient compliance with self-exercise and therapy attendance, application of therapeutic exercise and manual therapy, and completion of 3 or more functional surveys during the episode of care. Worse outcomes were associated with women, electrotherapy for pain management, and therapeutic ultrasound for shoulder impairments. Mixed results were found for group exercise programs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study of associations between treatment processes, patient characteristics, and outcomes helps to describe practice and can be used to suggest ways to improve outcomes in outpatient physical therapy practice.
authors: Physical Therapy Services, Maccabi Health Care Services-HMO, Haifa, Israel. Deutsch_d@mac.org.il
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Deutscher
authors: Susan D
authors: SD
authors: Horn
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Dickstein
authors: Dennis L
authors: DL
authors: Hart
authors: Randall J
authors: RJ
authors: Smout
authors: Moshe
authors: M
authors: Gutvirtz
authors: Ilana
authors: I
authors: Ariel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010045:Outpatients; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires