title: Efficacy of cancellous block allograft augmentation prior to implant placement in the posterior atrophic mandible.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study evaluated the outcome of ridge augmentation with cancellous freeze-dried block bone allografts in the posterior atrophic mandible followed by placement of dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A bony deficiency of at least 3 mm, horizontally, vertically, or both, according to computerized tomography (CT) para-axial reconstruction served as inclusion criteria. Implants were inserted after a healing period of 6 months. Bone measurements were taken prior to bone augmentation, during implant placement, and at second-stage surgery. Marginal bone loss and crown-to-implant ratio were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine cancellous allogeneic bone blocks were placed in 21 patients. The mean follow-up was 37 months. Bone block survival rate was 79.3%. Mean horizontal and vertical bone gains were 5.6 and 4.3 mm, respectively. Mean buccal bone resorption was 0.5 mm at implant placement and 0.2 mm at second-stage surgery. A total of 85 implants were placed. Mean bone thickness buccal to the implant neck was 2.5 mm at implant placement and 2.3 mm at second-stage surgery. There was no evidence of vertical bone loss between implant placement and second-stage surgery. Implant survival rate was 95.3%. All patients received a fixed implant-supported prosthesis. At the last follow-up, the mean marginal bone loss was 0.5 mm. The mean crown-to-implant ratio was 0.96.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implant placement in the posterior atrophic mandible following augmentation with cancellous freeze-dried bone block allografts may be regarded as a viable treatment alternative.
authors: Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. nissandr@post.tau.ac.il
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Nissan
authors: Oded
authors: O
authors: Ghelfan
authors: Ofer
authors: O
authors: Mardinger
authors: Shlomo
authors: S
authors: Calderon
authors: Gavriel
authors: G
authors: Chaushu
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001284:Atrophy; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D008567:Membranes, Artificial