title: Caldicoprobacter oshimai gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, xylanolytic, extremely thermophilic bacterium isolated from sheep faeces, and proposal of Caldicoprobacteraceae fam. nov.
abstract: An obligately anaerobic, xylanolytic, extremely thermophilic bacterium, strain JW/HY-331(T), was isolated from sheep faeces collected from a farm at the University of Georgia, USA. Cells of strain JW/HY-331(T) stained Gram-positive and were catalase-negative, non-motile rods. Single terminal endospores (0.4-0.6 mum in diameter) swelled the mother cell. Growth ranges were 44-77 degrees C (optimum 70 degrees C at pH(70 degrees C) 7.2) and pH(70 degrees C) 5.9-8.6 (optimum 7.2 at 70 degrees C). Salt tolerance was 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. No growth was observed at or below 42 degrees C or at or above 79 degrees C or at pH(70 degrees C) 5.7 and below or 8.9 and above. In the presence of 0.3 % yeast extract and 0.1 % tryptone, strain JW/HY-331(T) utilized xylose, glucose, galactose, cellobiose, raffinose and xylan as carbon and energy sources, but not dextran, soluble potato starch, CM-cellulose, cellulose powder, casein or Casamino acids. Fermentation products from glucose were lactate, acetate, ethanol, CO2 and H2. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 45.4 mol% (HPLC). Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). No respiratory quinones were detected. The cell-wall structure was a single layer (Gram-type positive) of the peptidoglycan type A1gamma; the cell-wall sugars were galactose and mannose. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, 'Catabacter hongkongensis' HKU16 (85.4 % similarity), Caloramator fervidus ATCC 43204(T) (84.2 %) and Caloranaerobacter azorensis MV1087(T) (83.4 %) were the closest relatives, but they were only distantly related to strain JW/HY-331(T). On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, isolate JW/HY-331(T) (=DSM 21659(T) =ATCC BAA-1711(T)) is proposed as the type strain of Caldicoprobacter oshimai gen. nov., sp. nov., placed in Caldicoprobacteraceae fam. nov. within the order Clostridiales of the phylum Firmicutes.
authors: Waste Recycling Research Team, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Yokoyama
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
authors: Isaac D
authors: ID
authors: Wagner
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
authors: Juergen
authors: J
authors: Wiegel
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012756:Sheep; D014994:Xylose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D014994:Xylose