title: Overexpression of the superoxide anion and NADPH oxidase isoforms 1 and 4 (NOX1 and NOX4) in allergic nasal mucosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and distribution of superoxide anion, NADPH oxidase (NOX)1, and NOX4 in healthy, allergic nasal mucosa and nasal polyps to evaluate the possible influence of oxidative stress on the development of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression and distribution of superoxide anion, NOX1 and NOX4 were evaluated in healthy and allergic nasal mucosa and nasal polyps, using dihydroethidium fluorescence, semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NOX1 and NOX4 were localized mainly in the epithelial layer, submucosal glands, vascular endothelium, and inflammatory cells in healthy and allergic nasal mucosa and nasal polyps. The cellular source that generated superoxide anion is also localized in the epithelial cells, submucosal glands, vascular endothelium, and inflammatory cells, demonstrating the similar sites of expression of NOX1 and NOX4 in healthy and allergic nasal mucosa and nasal polyps. NOX1 and NOX4 mRNA and proteins and superoxide anions had increased levels of expression in allergic nasal mucosa and nasal polyps compared with healthy nasal mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that NOX1 and NOX4 may play an important role in reactive oxygen species production, contributing to the oxidative stress in allergic rhinitis and nasal polyp tissues.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Joon Hwan
authors: JH
authors: Moon
authors: Tae Hoon
authors: TH
authors: Kim
authors: Heung Man
authors: HM
authors: Lee
authors: Seung Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: Whan
authors: W
authors: Choe
authors: Ha Kyun
authors: HK
authors: Kim
authors: Jung Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Kyoung Ho
authors: KH
authors: Oh
authors: Sang Hag
authors: SH
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007473:Ion Channels; D008297:Male; D000074624:NADPH Oxidase 1; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013481:Superoxides; D000074624:NADPH Oxidase 1; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C402799:NOX1 protein, human; C498910:NOX4 protein, human