title: Assessment of facial golden proportions among young Japanese women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Facial proportions are of interest in orthodontics. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in golden proportions of the soft-tissue facial balance between Japanese and white women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Facial proportions were assessed by examining photographs of 3 groups of Asian women: group 1, 30 young adult patients with a skeletal Class 1 occlusion; group 2, 30 models; and group 3, 14 popular actresses. Photographic prints or slides were digitized for image analysis. Group 1 subjects had standardized photos taken as part of their treatment. Photos of the subjects in groups 2 and 3 were collected from magazines and other sources and were of varying sizes; therefore, the output image size was not considered. The range of measurement errors was 0.17% to 1.16%. ANOVA was selected because the data set was normally distributed with homogeneous variances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subjects in the 3 groups showed good total facial proportions. The proportions of the face-height components in group 1 were similar to the golden proportion, which indicated a longer, lower facial height and shorter nose. Group 2 differed from the golden proportion, with a short, lower facial height. Group 3 had golden proportions in all 7 measurements. The proportion of the face width deviated from the golden proportion, indicating a small mouth or wide-set eyes in groups 1 and 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The null hypothesis was verified in the group 3 actresses in the facial height components. Some measurements in groups 1 and 2 showed different facial proportions that deviated from the golden proportion (ratio).
authors: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore and Hospital, Singapore.
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Mizumoto
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Deguchi
authors: Kelvin W C
authors: KW
authors: Fong
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000628:therapy; D023861:Photography, Dental; D012015:Reference Standards; D014716:Vertical Dimension; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult