title: Kinetics and residues after intraperitoneal procaine penicillin G administration in lactating dairy cows.
abstract: This paper describes the pharmacokinetic profile of procaine penicillin G after intraperitoneal (IP) administration in eight lactating dairy cows. Procaine pencillin G (PPG, 21 000 IU/kg) was deposited into the abdominal cavity of each cow following an incision in the right paralumbar fossa. Blood and milk samples were taken over the following 10 days, at which point the cows were euthanized. Plasma, milk, muscle, liver, and kidney penicillin concentrations were determined by HPLC, with a limit of quantification of 5 ng/mL for plasma and milk and 40 ng/g for tissue samples. A noncompartmental method was used to analyze plasma kinetics. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters (+/-SD) were: C(max), 5.5 +/- 2.6 microg/mL; T(max), 0.75 +/- 0.27 h; AUC(0-infinity), 10.8 +/- 4.9 microg x h/mL; MRT, 2.2 +/- 0.9 h. All milk from treated cows contained detectable penicillin residues for a minimum of three milkings (31 h) and maximum of five milkings (52 h) after administration. Concentrations of penicillin in all muscle, liver, and kidney samples taken 10 days postadministration were below the limit of quantification. Necropsy examinations revealed foci of hemorrhage on the rumenal omentum of most cows but peritonitis was not observed. Systemic inflammation as determined by change in leukogram or plasma fibrinogen was noted in one cow. The results of this study demonstrate that IP PPG is absorbed and eliminated rapidly in lactating dairy cows.
authors: Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada. al.chicoine@usask.ca
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Chicoine
authors: J O
authors: JO
authors: Boison
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Parker
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Clark
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Dowling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D037901:Euthanasia, Animal; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal / Q000662:veterinary; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010402:Penicillin G Procaine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010402:Penicillin G Procaine