title: Gene knockout of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase: loss of the specific binding site for angiotensin IV and age-related deficit in spatial memory.
abstract: The AT(4) ligands, angiotensin IV and LVV-hemorphin 7, elicit robust effects on facilitating memory by binding to a specific site in the brain historically termed the angiotensin AT(4) receptor. The identification of the AT(4) receptor as insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is controversial, with other proteins speculated to be the target(s) of these peptides. In this study we have utilized IRAP knockout mice to investigate IRAP in the brain. We demonstrate that the high-affinity binding site for angiotensin IV is absent in IRAP knockout mice brain sections in parallel with the loss of IRAP immunostaining, providing irrefutable proof that IRAP is the specific high-affinity binding site for AT(4) ligands. However, our characterization of the behavioural phenotype of the IRAP knockout mice revealed a totally unexpected finding. In contrast to the acute effects of IRAP inhibitors in enhancing memory, deletion of the IRAP gene resulted in mice with an accelerated, age-related decline in spatial memory that was only detected in the Y maze paradigm. Moreover, no alterations in behaviour of the IRAP knockout mice were observed that could assist in elucidating the endogenous substrate(s). Our results highlight the importance of analysing the behavioural phenotype of knockout mice across different ages and in distinct memory paradigms.
authors: Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors: Anthony L
authors: AL
authors: Albiston
authors: Ruani N
authors: RN
authors: Fernando
authors: Holly R
authors: HR
authors: Yeatman
authors: Peta
authors: P
authors: Burns
authors: Leelee
authors: L
authors: Ng
authors: Dina
authors: D
authors: Daswani
authors: Shanti
authors: S
authors: Diwakarla
authors: Vi
authors: V
authors: Pham
authors: Siew Yeen
authors: SY
authors: Chai
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D010122:Cystinyl Aminopeptidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010641:Phenotype; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C090830:AT4 receptor; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; D000804:Angiotensin II; C012877:angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-; D010122:Cystinyl Aminopeptidase; C105964:leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase