title: Intensive glucose control and macrovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Improved glucose control in type 2 diabetes is known to reduce the risk of microvascular events. There is, however, continuing uncertainty about its impact on macrovascular disease. The aim of these analyses was to generate more precise estimates of the effects of more-intensive, compared with less-intensive, glucose control on the risk of major cardiovascular events amongst patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospectively planned group-level meta-analysis in which characteristics of trials to be included, outcomes of interest, analyses and subgroup definitions were all pre-specified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 27,049 participants and 2,370 major vascular events contributed to the meta-analyses. Allocation to more-intensive, compared with less-intensive, glucose control reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events by 9% (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.99), primarily because of a 15% reduced risk of myocardial infarction (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.94). Mortality was not decreased, with non-significant HRs of 1.04 for all-cause mortality (95% CI 0.90-1.20) and 1.10 for cardiovascular death (95% CI 0.84-1.42). Intensively treated participants had significantly more major hypoglycaemic events (HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.91-3.21). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested the possibility of a differential effect for major cardiovascular events in participants with and without macrovascular disease (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89-1.13, vs HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74-0.94, respectively; interaction p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeting more-intensive glucose lowering modestly reduced major macrovascular events and increased major hypoglycaemia over 4.4 years in persons with type 2 diabetes. The analyses suggest that glucose-lowering regimens should be tailored to the individual.
authors: The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. fturnbull@george.org.au
authors: F M
authors: FM
authors: Turnbull
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Abraira
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Anderson
authors: R P
authors: RP
authors: Byington
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Chalmers
authors: W C
authors: WC
authors: Duckworth
authors: G W
authors: GW
authors: Evans
authors: H C
authors: HC
authors: Gerstein
authors: R R
authors: RR
authors: Holman
authors: T E
authors: TE
authors: Moritz
authors: B C
authors: BC
authors: Neal
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ninomiya
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Patel
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Paul
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Travert
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Woodward
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005215:Fasting; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance; D018579:Patient Selection; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin