title: 2'-phosphodiesterase and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activities in the lowest metazoans, sponge [porifera].
abstract: Sponges [porifera], the most ancient metazoans, contain modules related to the vertebrate immune system, including the 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS). The components of the antiviral 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) system (OAS, 2'-Phosphodiesterase (2'-PDE) and RNAse L) of vertebrates have not all been identified in sponges. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that in addition to the OAS activity, sponges possess a 2'-PDE activity, which highlights the probable existence of a premature 2-5A system. Indeed, Suberites domuncula and Crella elegans exhibited this 2-5A degrading activity. Upon this finding, two out of three elements forming the 2-5A system have been found in sponges, only a endoribonuclease, RNAse L or similar, has to be found. We suspect the existence of a complex immune system in sponges, besides the self/non-self recognition system and the use of phagocytosis and secondary metabolites against pathogens.
authors: Department of Benthic Ecology and Biodiversity, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC, Spain. saby@ceab.csic.es
authors: Emilie
authors: E
authors: Saby
authors: Jesper Buchhave
authors: JB
authors: Poulsen
authors: Just
authors: J
authors: Justesen
authors: Merike
authors: M
authors: Kelve
authors: Maria Jesus
authors: MJ
authors: Uriz
mesh_terms: D015088:2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005095:Exoribonucleases; D009843:Oligoribonucleotides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D011161:Porifera / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D009843:Oligoribonucleotides; C023505:2',5'-oligoadenylate; D015088:2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase; D005095:Exoribonucleases; C029364:2'-phosphodiesterase