title: The influence of various light curing units on the cytotoxicity of dental adhesives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that various light curing units (LCUs) have an influence on the cytotoxic action of adhesive systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of the dental adhesives (Syntac), iBondTM, Clearfil Protect Bond, Prime & Bond NT, Adper Prompt L-Pop) were prepared in microwell plates, making use of the LCUs Voco Polofil Lux (VPL), EMS Swiss Master Light (SML) and the LED prototype developed by the IMT of Jena University. To obtain extracts, the samples were topped with cell culture medium, which was changed daily on the 1st to 7th days and then on the 14th, 21st and 28th day, and stored for further use at -20 degrees C. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were cultivated in the extract-containing medium for 48 h. The viability of the HGFs was determined by the neutral red (NR) uptake test. The statistical test was performed by one-way ANOVA according to Bonferroni.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first few days, reduction of the viability rates of the HGFs by 85-90% were observed in all adhesives. A rise up to a plateau phase was observed at different times depending on the materials. The influence of the LCUs on the cytotoxic action of the dental adhesives was clearly evident for the adhesives Syntac and Clearfil Protect Bond. In case of the Syntac extracts, cytotoxicity after polymerization with the VPL was statistically significant reduced compared to the other LCUs used (p<0.001). A comparison between all the adhesives used proved that Adper Prompt L-Pop and Prime & Bond NT had the lowest overall cytotoxicities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In practice, one should use combinations of dental adhesive and LCU in which the material has the least toxic influences.
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Jena, An der alten Post 4, Jena D-07743, Germany. bernd.w.sigusch@med.uni-jena.de
authors: Bernd W
authors: BW
authors: Sigusch
authors: Torsten
authors: T
authors: Pflaum
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Völpel
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Schinkel
authors: Klaus D
authors: KD
authors: Jandt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002452:Cell Count; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004396:Coloring Agents; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental / Q000145:classification*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009499:Neutral Red; D011108:Polymers / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C425843:Prime and Bond NT; C408584:Prompt L-Pop; D019279:Resin Cements; C078484:Syntac dentine adhesive; C477386:iBond; D009499:Neutral Red