title: Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is associated with white matter lesions in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac autonomic dysfunction has been associated with cognitive impairment, but the underlying pathogenesis is complex and cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) might be implicated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time and frequency heart rate variability (HRV) and visual rating of WMLs were carried out in 42 patients with mild cognitive impairment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for relevant demographic and clinical characteristics, including left ventricular mass, reduced HRV indices of parasympathetic (root mean square of successive difference of RR intervals, RMSSD) and sympathetic modulation (low-frequency [LF] power) were associated with increased WML score (RMSSD: B -0.30, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.08, p = .01; LF: B -0.24, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.02, p = .05). In a multiple-adjusted model, RMSSD was the major independent predictor of WMLs (B -0.35, 95% CI -0.57 to -0.13, p = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence for an independent association of cardiac autonomic dysfunction with WMLs might suggest its role in the pathogenesis of WMLs.
authors: Laboratory of Epidemiology Neuroimaging & Telemedicine (LENITEM), IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio FBF-The National Center for Research and Care of Alzheimer's Disease, Via Pilastroni 4, 25125, Brescia, Italy.
authors: Samantha
authors: S
authors: Galluzzi
authors: Franco
authors: F
authors: Nicosia
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Geroldi
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Alicandri
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Bonetti
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Romanelli
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Zulli
authors: Giovanni B
authors: GB
authors: Frisoni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006329:Heart Conduction System; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric