title: Incidence of atrial fibrillation during very long-term follow-up after radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency ablation is an effective treatment for typical atrial flutter (AFL) but long-term results may be hampered by atrial fibrillation (AF).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence and predictors of AF during very long-term follow-up after radiofrequency ablation of typical AFL.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November 1998 to December 2000, patients who underwent successful radiofrequency ablation for cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent AFL in our centre were followed prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 135 patients followed (mean age: 62+/-11 years), 69 (51%) had structural heart disease. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 52+/-11%. Patients were analysed according to preablation AF history: group 1 included patients with AFL (N=71); group 2 included patients with AFL and AF (N=64). During a median [interquartile range] follow-up of 7.8 [7.0-8.4] years, new-onset or recurrent AF was experienced by 99 (73%) patients: 44 (62%) in group 1 and 55 (86%) in group 2. Although most episodes occurred in the first 2 years postablation, AF prevalence increased continuously over time. Preablation AF history predicted AF occurrence (hazard ratio: 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.40-3.14; p=0.001), as did left atrial diameter (hazard ratio: 1.05 per 1 mm increase; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.08; p<0.001). AF evolved to become permanent in 24% of group 1 and 47% of group 2 patients (p=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During long-term follow-up, most patients will experience AF after ablation of typical AFL. Preablation AF history and left atrial enlargement predict postablation AF occurrence.
authors: Département de cardiologie et des maladies vasculaires, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes cedex 09, France.
authors: Ghassan
authors: G
authors: Moubarak
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Pavin
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Laviolle
authors: Aude
authors: A
authors: Solnon
authors: Gaëlle
authors: G
authors: Kervio
authors: Jean-Claude
authors: JC
authors: Daubert
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Mabo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome