[Dynamics of endoparasite infections in rabbits at different rearing regimes].
This study was intended to evaluate the occurrence and seasonality of infection of coccidian and helminth parasites, in three rabbit warrens differently managed. Mothers stayed with their offspring on deep litter (farm A, 90 dams), in boxes cleaned weekly (farm B, 30 dams) or on slatted floor (farm C, 10 females), whereas all the young after weaning (1 to 5 months of age) were kept in cages with slatted floor. Animals were fed a complete balanced pelleted feed (warrens A and B) or traditional forage (herd C). Antiparasitic treatment involved coccidiostatic drugs. Robenidine (alternately with Lerbec in farm A) was added to food in the first two farms, whilst Sulfatyf mixed with water was given once after weaning in farm C. A total of 203 individual faecal samples from females of breeding stock, and 133 pooled samples from young animals, were collected on an annual cycle during 2007-2008 (February-January), and analyzed according to a modified concentration McMaster method. Coccidians were identified based on sporulated oocysts. A number of coccidian species (Eimeria perforans, E. media, E. magna, E. irresidua, E. exiqua, E. coecicola, and E. piriformis) were observed in all farms. The most pathogenic species--E. intestinalis was found both in farm A and B, whereas E. flavescens and E. stiedae--only in the former. The level of infection was high, especially in young rabbits, with the prevalence of 94.9 to 100% and mean intensity from 11,161 to 28,871 oocysts per 1 g of faeces (OPG) in a particular warren. The highest intensity of infection was observed in May, when the mean output increased to 29,454, 56,952, and 23,815 OPG in warrens A, B, and C, respectively. A nematode, Passalurus ambiguus, was detected in all searched farms, with the prevalence from 14.1% to 27.5%, depending on a farm. The species was more often seen in the first part of year. The other helminths (Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, Graphidium strigosum, and Trichuris leporis) were found only in rabbits of warren C. In this warren, the forage of farm origin was suggested to be prepared in a proper way in order to protect it from nematode transmission. The presence of coccidia and their specific composition has been continuously monitored in all farms, to estimate the efficiency of prophylactic measures undertaken.
Nosal
Paweł
P
Katedra Zoologii i Ekologii, Uniwersytet Rolniczy, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków. rznosal@cyf-kr.edu.pl
Kowal
Jerzy
J
Nowosad
Bogusław
B
Bieniek
Józef
J
Kowalska
Dorota
D
D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods; D003044:Coccidia / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006374:Helminthiasis, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006376:Helminths / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits / Q000469:parasitology*; D012621:Seasons; D013045:Species Specificity