title: Skill acquisition while operating in-vehicle information systems: interface design determines the level of safety-relevant distractions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tested whether the ease of learning to use human-machine interfaces of in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) can be assessed at standstill.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Assessing the attentional demand of IVIS should include an evaluation of ease of learning, because the use of IVIS at low skill levels may create safety-relevant distractions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skill acquisition in operating IVIS was quantified by fitting the power law of practice to training data sets collected in a driving study and at standstill. Participants practiced manual destination entry with two route guidance systems differing in cognitive demand. In Experiment 1, a sample of middle-aged participants was trained while steering routes of varying driving demands. In Experiment 2, another sample of middle-aged participants was trained at standstill.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Experiment 1, display glance times were less affected by driving demands than by total task times and decreased at slightly higher speed-up rates (0.02 higher on average) than task times collected at standstill in Experiment 2. The system interface that minimized cognitive demand was operated more quickly and was easier to learn. Its system delays increased static task times, which still predicted 58% of variance in display glance times compared with even 76% for the second system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ease of learning to use an IVIS interface and the decrease in attentional demand with training can be assessed at standstill.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fitting the power law of practice to static task times yields parameters that predict display glance times while driving, which makes it possible to compare interfaces with regard to ease of learning.
authors: Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany. georg.jahn@uni-greifswald.de
authors: Georg
authors: G
authors: Jahn
authors: Josef F
authors: JF
authors: Krems
authors: Christhard
authors: C
authors: Gelau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003626:Data Display; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D012449:Safety; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016526:Workload