title: In vitro remineralization efficacy of NaF systems containing unique forms of calcium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the in vitro remineralization potential of a new calcium phosphate technology in a 1000 ppm F system.
  
  
  METHODS
  3 mm diameter bovine enamel specimens were mounted, ground and polished, and softened in a carbopol-lactic acid solution (pH = 5.0) for 36 hours at 37 degrees C. Specimens were then measured for baseline Vickers microhardness and stratified (N = 10, mean VHN = 35) into the following groups: Group A: distilled water (negative control); Group B: MI Paste Plus (900 ppm F); Group C: Theramed SOS (1450 ppm F); Group D: "control" dentifrice (1000 ppm F); and, Group E: "test" dentifrice (1000 ppm F) admixed with a new functionalized calcium phosphate system. The groups were then cycled for 10 days in a pH cycling model consisting of four 2-minute treatment periods (diluted 1:3 with distilled water) and one 4-hour acid challenge (carbopol-lactic acid, pH = 5.0) per day. Between these events, specimens were immersed in artificial saliva (pH = 7.0). After 10 days of cycling, the specimens were measured for Vickers surface microhardness and were subsequently microdrilled, with the powder measured for fluoride content using a calibrated fluoride-sensitive electrode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences resulted between the distilled water and fluoride-containing groups. Among the fluoride-containing groups, Group B demonstrated statistically low levels of enamel fluoride deposition and deltaVHN, while Group E statistically outperformed Group D. Among the groups with different calcium systems (Groups B, C, and E), Groups C and E were found to be statistically equivalent and superior to Group B with respect to both bioavailable fluoride and deltaVHN. Based on our results, these data demonstrated the combination of a new calcium phosphate technology plus 1000 ppm F, produced significantly greater remineralization relative to both the 1000 ppm F test dentifrice and MI Paste Plus, and was statistically equivalent to Theramed SOS.
authors: Indiana Nanotech, LLC, 351 West 10th Street, Suite 309, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. rkarlins@gmail.com
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Karlinsey
authors: Allen C
authors: AC
authors: Mackey
authors: George K
authors: GK
authors: Stookey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000378:metabolism; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006244:Hardness; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D004338:Drug Combinations; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C020243:calcium phosphate