title: Immunological and cytotoxicological characterization of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) conjugated to single-walled carbon nanotubes.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) represents one of the leading killers among all infectious disease. Protection against TB depends on the activation of T-helper type I (Th1) immune response. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted considerable attention because of their potential applications as new nanovehicle. In the current study, tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) was conjugated to carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Cytotoxicity of the carboxylated SWCNT and SWCNT-PPD conjugate was analyzed with MTT assay and by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) generation. Male BALB/c mice were immunized with BCG, PPD, SWCNT-PPD conjugate and PPD in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Induction of cellular immune response was analyzed by measuring the levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12) and Th2 cytokines (IL-10 and IL-5). Immunization with non-conjugated PPD or PPD in Freund's adjuvant induced a Th2 cytokine response while immunization with BCG resulted to a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine response. In contrast, PPD in conjugation with SWCNT generated preferentially a Th1-type cytokine response in the absence of potential cytotoxic effects.
authors: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran. zeinalim@ripi.ir
authors: Majid
authors: M
authors: Zeinali
authors: Mostafa
authors: M
authors: Jammalan
authors: Sussan K
authors: SK
authors: Ardestani
authors: Nader
authors: N
authors: Mosaveri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007114:Immunization; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014373:Tuberculin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016207:Cytokines; D015848:Interleukin-5; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014373:Tuberculin; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma