title: Stretch independent regulation of prostaglandin E(2) production within the isolated guinea-pig lamina propria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use an isolated preparation of the guinea-pig bladder lamina propria (LP) to investigate the effects of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) and nitric oxide (NO) on the release of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)).
  
  
  METHODS
  The bladders of female guinea-pigs (200-400 g) were isolated and opened to expose the urothelial surface. The LP was dissected free of the underlying detrusor muscle and cut into strips from the dome to base. Strips were then incubated in Krebs buffer at 37 degrees C. Each tissue piece was then exposed to the stable ATP analogue, BzATP, and a NO donor, diethylamine-NONOate (DEANO), and the effect on PGE(2) output into the supernatant determined using the Parameter(TM) PGE(2) enzyme immunoassay kit (R & D Systems, Abingdon, UK). Experiments were repeated in the presence of purinergic receptor and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, COX I and COX II, antagonists. The cellular location of COX I, COX II and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) within the bladder LP was also determined by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGE(2) production was significantly increased by BzATP. Antagonist studies showed the purinergic stimulation involved both P(2)X and P(2)Y receptors. The BzATP response was inhibited by the COX inhibitor indomethacin (COX I >COX II) but not by DUP 697 (COX II >COX I). Thus, BzATP stimulation occurs because of COX I stimulation. NO had no effect on PGE(2) production over the initial 10 min of an exposure. However, PGE(2) output was increased 100 min after exposure to the NO donor. In the presence of NO, the BzATP stimulation was abolished. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the location of COX I to the basal and inner intermediate urothelial layers and to cells within the diffuse layer of LP interstitial cells. In addition, nNOS was also located in the basal urothelial layers whilst COX II was found in the interstitial cell layers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is complex interaction between ATP and NO to modulate PGE(2) release from the bladder LP in the un-stretched preparation. Such interactions suggest a complex interrelationship of signals derived from this region of the bladder wall. The importance of these interactions in relation to the physiology of the LP remains to be determined.
authors: The Uro-physiology Research Group, The Medical and Dental School, The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Nile
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: de Vente
authors: James I
authors: JI
authors: Gillespie
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000502:physiology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D006834:Hydrazines; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C033901:3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate; C084012:1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D015232:Dinoprostone