title: Antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic groups in isolates of Escherichia coli from seagulls at the Berlengas nature reserve.
abstract: Fifty-three faecal samples from yellow-legged gulls (Larus cachinnans) at the Berlengas nature reserve in Portugal were cultured on Levine agar plates not supplemented with antimicrobial agents, and one Escherichia coli colony was isolated and identified from each sample. The percentages of resistant isolates for each of the drugs were ampicillin (43.4 per cent), tetracycline (39.6 per cent), nalidixic acid (34.0 per cent), streptomycin (32.1 per cent), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (26.4 per cent), ciprofloxacin (18.9 per cent), chloramphenicol (18.9 per cent), gentamicin (7.5 per cent), tobramycin (7.5 per cent) amikacin (5.7 per cent) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (1.9 per cent). All the isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, aztreonam and imipenem. The following resistance genes were detected: bla(TEM) (17 of 23 ampicillin-resistant isolates), tet(A) and/or tet(B) (18 of 21 tetracycline-resistant isolates), aadA (12 of 17 streptomycin-resistant isolates), cmlA (all chloramphenicol-resistant isolates), aac(3)-II with or without aac(3)-IV (all four gentamicin-resistant isolates), and sul1 and/or sul2 and/or sul3 (all 14 SXT-resistant isolates). The intI1 gene was detected in 10 of 14 SXT-resistant isolates, and three of them also contained class 2 integrons; four different gene cassette arrangements were identified among class 1 integrons (aadA, dfrA1+aadA1, dfrA12+orfF+aadA2 and sat+psp+aadA2) and one among the class 2 integrons (dfrA1+sat+aadA1). Ninety per cent of the isolates were included in the A or B1 phylogenetic groups.
authors: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Radhouani
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Poeta
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Igrejas
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Gonçalves
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Vinué
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Torres
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D046091:Charadriiformes / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents