title: Time-lapse resistivity surveys over simulated clandestine graves.
abstract: The aim of this study was to develop a better understanding of how electrical resistivity surveys can be used to locate clandestine graves. Resistivity surveys were conducted regularly over three simulated clandestine graves containing a pig cadaver, no cadaver and a pig cadaver wrapped in tarpaulin, respectively. Additionally, soil and groundwater samples were collected from two more simulated graves outside the survey area. The grave containing a pig cadaver was detectable from a low resistivity anomaly in the survey data. Groundwater data suggest that the resistivity anomaly associated with the surveyed pig grave was caused by a localised increase in groundwater conductivity. Wrapping a cadaver was found to initially change the resistivity response of a grave to a high resistivity anomaly. Resistivity surveys did not detect the disturbed soil in the grave that did not contain a cadaver. Although soil samples showed grave soil to be more porous than undisturbed soil, the lack of response from the grave that did not contain a cadaver suggests that disturbed soil was not responsible for the resistivity anomalies observed in this study. Resistivity surveys successfully detected all graves containing cadavers throughout the study, whilst also showing the potential to eliminate the need for mass excavation in a genuine search.
authors: School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK. j.jervis@epsam.keele.ac.uk
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Jervis
authors: Jamie K
authors: JK
authors: Pringle
authors: George W
authors: GW
authors: Tuckwell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002048:Burial; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D017097:Electric Impedance; D018732:Forensic Anthropology; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016062:Porosity; D012987:Soil; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D014867:Water