title: Vaginal stones in a 5-year-old girl: a novel approach of removal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary vaginal stones in children are extremely rare and removal can be difficult. We describe a procedure for safe extraction of vaginal stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 5-year-old, wheelchair-bound girl was referred to the urologic department with recurrent febrile urinary tract infection. Diagnostics of the kidneys showed no abnormalities. The bladder appeared to contain two stones. On urethro-cystoscopy no stones were seen. Vaginoscopy identified vaginal stones. After 4 weeks of estrogen treatment, a second procedure via vaginal introduction of a nephroscope in combination with an ultrasonic device, effectively disintegrated the stones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend the use of a nephroscope in visualizing the vagina and cervix and facilitating instrumentation in prepubertal girls.
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands. judithjaspers@gmail.com
authors: Judith W
authors: JW
authors: Jaspers
authors: Simone M
authors: SM
authors: Kuppens
authors: Andre A
authors: AA
authors: van Zundert
authors: Michel J
authors: MJ
authors: de Wildt
mesh_terms: D002137:Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000601:surgery*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019988:Children with Disabilities; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D011300:Preoperative Care; D000069877:Struvite; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D000069877:Struvite