title: Effect of yeast culture on milk production and metabolic and reproductive performance of early lactation dairy cows.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The main objective of this study was to estimate the effect of supplementation with Saccaromyces cerevisiae (SC) (Yea-Sacc 1026) on milk production, metabolic parameters and the resumption of ovarian activity in early lactation dairy cows.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiment was conducted during 2005/2006 in a commercial tied-house farm with an average of 200 milking Estonian Holstein Friesian cows. The late pregnant multiparous cows (n = 46) were randomly divided into two groups; one group received 10 g yeast culture from two weeks before to 14 weeks after calving. The groups were fed a total mixed ration with silages and concentrates. Milk recording data and blood samples for plasma metabolites were taken. Resumption of luteal activity was determined using milk progesterone (P4) measurements. Uterine bacteriology and ovarian ultrasonography (US) were performed and body condition scores (BCS) and clinical disease occurrences were recorded. For analysis, the statistical software Stata 9.2 and R were used to compute Cox proportional hazard and linear mixed models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average milk production per cow did not differ between the groups (32.7 +/- 6.4 vs 30.7 +/- 5.3 kg/day in the SC and control groups respectively), but the production of milk fat (P < 0.001) and milk protein (P < 0.001) were higher in the SC group. There was no effect of treatment on BCS. The analysis of energy-related metabolites in early lactation showed no significant differences between the groups. In both groups higher levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) appeared from days 14 to 28 after parturition and the concentration of non-esterfied fatty acid (NEFA) was higher from days 1-7 post partum (PP). According to US and P4 results, all cows in both groups ovulated during the experimental period. The resumption of ovarian activity (first ovulations) and time required for elimination of bacteria from the uterus did not differ between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation with SC had an effect on milk protein and fat production, but did not influence the milk yield. No effects on PP metabolic status, bacterial elimination from the uterus nor the resumption of ovarian activity were found.
authors: Department of Therapy, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51014, Estonia. piret.kalmus@emu.ee
authors: Piret
authors: P
authors: Kalmus
authors: Toomas
authors: T
authors: Orro
authors: Andres
authors: A
authors: Waldmann
authors: Raivo
authors: R
authors: Lindjärv
authors: Kalle
authors: K
authors: Kask
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000382:microbiology; D015002:Yeast, Dried / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008894:Milk Proteins; D011374:Progesterone; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid