title: Beta-blocker use for the stages of heart failure.
abstract: The 2005 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology heart failure (HF) guidelines contributed to a renewed focus on "at-risk" patients and emphasized HF as a progressive disease. Patient categorization by stages focused attention on customization of therapy to achieve optimal, evidence-based treatments across the HF continuum. Therapy for risk factors that predispose patients to left ventricular dysfunction or other symptoms may help reduce HF development. beta-Blockers are valuable for treatment of HF; however, the class is heterogeneous, and proper beta-blocker selection for each HF stage is important. beta-Blockers have been used routinely to treat patients with stage A HF with hypertension. Recent controversy regarding the detrimental effects that some beta-blockers have on metabolic parameters has raised inappropriate concerns about the use of any beta-blocker for diabetes. beta-Blockade is standard therapy for the patient with stage B HF who has had a myocardial infarction, but few data are available concerning use in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Additionally, beta-blockers are part of the core therapy for stage C HF and selected patients with stage D HF. This review examines the role and use of beta-blockers in each HF stage through an evidence-based approach to provide better understanding of their importance in this progressive disease. PubMed searches (1980-2008) identified large clinical trials that evaluated cardiovascular events and outcomes in any HF stage or hypertension. Search terms were heart failure, hypertension, beta-blocker, ACEI, ARB, and calcium channel blocker AND blood pressure coronary artery disease, diabetes, efficacy, left ventricular dysfunction, metabolism, mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke.
authors: Division of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103-2714, USA. klapholz@umdnj.edu
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Klapholz
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists