title: Increased nitric oxide stress is associated with migraine.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in migraine attacks, but the role of NO in migraine remains unclear. We here hypothesize that increased NO in the headache-free period is associated with migraine. One hundred and thirty probands participated in this study. Various parameters of the NO pathway, such as nitrate, nitrite, arginine, citrulline, nitrosylated proteins, asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetrical dimethylarginine, expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase and two polymorphisms of eNOS were investigated. We found significant increased nitrate and decreased nitrite levels in migraineurs in the headache-free period. Nitrate and nitrite levels showed a significant inverse correlation. Logistic regression revealed an odds ratio of 3.6 for migraine. Other parameters of the NO pathway were neither altered in migraineurs nor correlated with nitrate. We show here that migraine patients suffer under sustained increased nitrosative stress in the headache-free period, which is associated with a 3.6-fold higher risk for migraine.
authors: Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Graz, Austria. hans-juergen.gruber@klinikum-graz.at
authors: H-J
authors: HJ
authors: Gruber
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bernecker
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lechner
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Weiss
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wallner-Blazek
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Meinitzer
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Höbarth
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Renner
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Fauler
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Horejsi
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Fazekas
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Truschnig-Wilders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000097:blood; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020325:Migraine with Aura / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C024917:symmetric dimethylarginine; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C038613:citrullinase