title: Functional and structural changes in a canine model of hereditary primary angle-closure glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize functional and structural changes in a canine model of hereditary primary angle-closure glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraocular pressure (IOP) was evaluated with tonometry in a colony of glaucomatous dogs at 8, 15, 18, 20, and 30 months of age. Retinal function was evaluated using electroretinography (scotopic, photopic, and pattern). Examination of anterior segment structures was performed using gonioscopy and high-frequency ultrasonography (HFU).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A gradual rise in IOP was observed with an increase in age: 8 months, 14 mm Hg (median value); 15 months, 15.5 mm Hg; 18 months, 17.5 mm Hg; 20 months, 24 mm Hg; 30 months, 36 mm Hg. Provocative testing with mydriatic agents (tropicamide and atropine 1%) caused significant increases in IOP (35% and 50%, respectively). HFU analysis showed complete collapse of iridocorneal angles by 20 months of age. Scotopic and photopic ERG analysis did not reveal significant deficits, but pattern ERG analysis showed significantly reduced amplitudes in glaucomatous dogs (glaucoma, 3.5 +/- 0.4 muV; control, 6.2 +/- 0.3 muV; P = 0.004; Student's t-test). Histologic analysis revealed collapse of the iridocorneal angle, posterior bowing of the lamina cribrosa, swelling and loss of large retinal ganglion cells, increased glial reactivity, and increased thickening of the lamina cribrosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Canine hereditary angle-closure glaucoma is characterized by a progressive increase in intraocular pressure, loss of optic nerve function, and retinal ganglion cell loss.
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. sgrozdan@iastate.edu
authors: Sinisa D
authors: SD
authors: Grozdanic
authors: Helga
authors: H
authors: Kecova
authors: Matthew M
authors: MM
authors: Harper
authors: Wijitha
authors: W
authors: Nilaweera
authors: Markus H
authors: MH
authors: Kuehn
authors: Randy H
authors: RH
authors: Kardon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D004596:Electroretinography; D015785:Eye Diseases, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006068:Gonioscopy; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein