title: Heterokaryons and parasexual recombinants of Cryphonectria parasitica in two clonal populations in southeastern Europe.
abstract: Evidence for parasexuality in natural populations of haploid fungi requires the demonstration of diploids or heterokaryons and recombinant genotypes in the absence of sex. We studied clonal populations of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, in southeastern Europe and found evidence of parasexuality in two locations. In Osoj, Macedonia, we found one isolate (Os05-66) that had two alleles at six codominant loci, giving a haplotype that was a composite of two clones in this population. Six single-conidial isolates from Os05-66 had two alleles at some loci, suggesting partial diploidy or aneuploidy, and we found four recombinant haplotypes among single-conidial isolates from hyphal-tip isolates of the same isolate. In Teano, Italy, we found two heterokaryon isolates that were partial composites of two dominant clones. Single-conidial isolates from hyphal-tip isolates had recombinant haplotypes. These results provide evidence that is consistent with the hypothesis of parasexuality in C. parasitica in Europe, similar to an earlier report in a natural population in the USA.
authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. mgm5@cornell.edu
authors: Michael G
authors: MG
authors: Milgroom
authors: Kiril
authors: K
authors: Sotirovski
authors: Mihajlo
authors: M
authors: Risteski
authors: Marin Talbot
authors: MT
authors: Brewer
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004171:Diploidy; D006239:Haplotypes; D007558:Italy; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D018843:Republic of North Macedonia