title: A possible association between maternal dyspepsia and congenital rectal/anal atresia/stenosis in their children: a population-based case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the possible association of common dyspepsia including heartburn and gastro-esophageal reflux disease and its related drug treatments in pregnant women with congenital anomalies (CAs) in their offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of cases affected with different CAs and matched controls without defects in a ratio of 1:2 born to mothers affected with severe chronic dyspepsia in early pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  CAs were evaluated in informative offspring: live-born infants, stillborn fetuses, and malformed fetuses after prenatal diagnosis followed by elective termination of pregnancy in the population-based Hungarian material.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively and medically recorded severe chronic dyspepsia recorded in the prenatal maternity logbook was compared among women who later delivered babies with different CAs (cases) and matched women who delivered newborns without any defect (controls).
  
  
  METHODS
  Different CAs, gestational age and birthweight, rates of preterm birth, and low birthweight newborns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 22,843 cases with CAs, 148 (0.65%) had mothers with severe chronic dyspepsia, compared to 214 (0.56%) of 38,151 controls (adjusted OR with 95% CI = 1.2, 0.9-1.4). Specific groups of CAs assessed vs. controls showed that only isolated rectal/anal atresia/stenosis was associated with a higher risk of severe maternal dyspepsia in early pregnancy (adjusted OR with 95% CI: 4.3, 1.7-10.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe chronic dyspepsia in early pregnancy and drug treatment for this was not associated with a higher risk of CAs, except possibly isolated rectal/anal atresia/stenosis.
authors: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors: Nándor
authors: N
authors: Acs
authors: Ferenc
authors: F
authors: Bánhidy
authors: Erzsébet H
authors: EH
authors: Puhó
authors: Andrew E
authors: AE
authors: Czeizel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000863:Antacids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D012042:Registries; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists