Coping strategies and social support in the family impact of cleft lip and palate and parents' adjustment and psychological distress.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the role of parents' coping strategies and social support in the family impact of cleft lip and palate (CLP) and levels of adjustment and psychological distress and to investigate whether a child's age, type of cleft, or other reported medical problems influenced such outcomes.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study.


METHODS
One hundred three parents of children or young adults with CLP recruited from families attending a multidisciplinary cleft lip and palate clinic.


METHODS
Family impact, psychological distress, and positive adjustment were assessed using validated psychological questionnaires.


RESULTS
Findings indicated that while there were many impacts of a child's CLP, negative outcomes (family impact, psychological distress) were not high. In contrast, parents reported high levels of positive adjustment or stress-related growth as a result of their child's condition. Participants also reported high levels of social support and relied more on the use of approach rather than avoidance-oriented coping strategies. Having more support from friends and family was associated with less negative family impact, lower psychological distress, and better adjustment. Greater use of approach coping was associated with more positive adjustment; whereas, avoidant coping was associated with a greater family impact and more psychological distress. Having a younger child and/or a child with medical problems in addition to CLP was associated with a greater impact on the family.


CONCLUSIONS
How parents cope with their child's condition and the levels of support received may have implications for caregivers, the family unit, and the delivery of more family-oriented CLP services.
Baker
Sarah R
SR
Department of Oral Health and Development, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK. s.r.baker@sheffield.ac.uk
Owens
Jan
J
Stern
Melanie
M
Willmot
Derrick
D
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004194:Disease; D054541:Family Conflict; D005192:Family Health; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*