title: Regulation of the interferon-alpha production induced by RNA-containing immune complexes in plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) is produced in several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and may be important in their pathogenesis. We undertook this study to investigate how IFNalpha production induced by RNA-containing immune complexes (ICs) in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) is regulated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal PDCs purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cocultivated with other cell populations isolated from healthy individuals or SLE patients. IFNalpha production was induced by RNA-containing ICs, which consisted of anti-RNP autoantibodies and U1 small nuclear RNP particles, and the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), or the cytokines IFNalpha2b, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-10 (IL-10), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Monocytes inhibited IFNalpha production by PDCs in PBMC cultures, while natural killer (NK) cells were stimulatory. The monocytes had little effect on IFNalpha production by pure PDCs but inhibited its stimulation by NK cells. Monocytes from SLE patients were less inhibitory. Exposure of PBMCs or PDCs to IFNalpha2b/GM-CSF increased their IFNalpha production. RNA-containing ICs caused production of ROS, PGE2, and TNFalpha, especially in monocytes. These mediators and IL-10 suppressed IFNalpha production in PBMC cultures, with ROS and PGE2 also inhibiting IFNalpha production by purified PDCs. Inhibition by all of these agents, except for ROS, was abolished by IFNalpha2b/GM-CSF. The inhibitory effect of monocytes was significantly counteracted by the ROS scavengers serotonin and catalase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IFNalpha production induced by RNA-containing ICs in PDCs is regulated by a network of interactions between monocytes, NK cells, and PDCs, involving several pro- and antiinflammatory molecules. This should be considered when designing and applying new therapies.
authors: Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. maija-leena.eloranta@medsci.uu.se
authors: Maija-Leena
authors: ML
authors: Eloranta
authors: Tanja
authors: T
authors: Lövgren
authors: Doreen
authors: D
authors: Finke
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Mathsson
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Rönnelid
authors: Berthold
authors: B
authors: Kastner
authors: Gunnar V
authors: GV
authors: Alm
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Rönnblom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000276:immunology*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D001324:Autoantigens; D016207:Cytokines; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C405483:U1 small nuclear RNA; D015232:Dinoprostone