title: Histopathological and scintigraphic comparisons of the protective effects of L-carnitine and amifostine against radiation-induced late renal toxicity in rats.
abstract: 1. The aim of the present study was to compare the protective effects of L-carnitine and amifostine against radiation-induced late nephrotoxicity using technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid scintigraphy and histopathological examination. 2. Seventy-one Albino rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows: (i) AMI + RAD (n = 15), 200 mg/kg, i.p., amifostine 30 min prior to irradiation (a single dose of 9 Gy); (ii) LC + RAD (n = 15), 300 mg/kg, i.p., L-carnitine 30 min prior to irradiation; (iii) LC (n = 10), 300 mg/kg, i.p., L-carnitine 30 min prior to sham irradiation; (iv) AMI (n = 10), 200 mg/kg, i.p., amifostine 30 min prior to sham irradiation; RAD (n = 11), 1 mL/kg, i.p., normal saline 30 min prior to irradiation; and (vi) control (n = 10), 1 mL/kg, i.p., normal saline 30 min prior to sham irradiation. Scintigraphy was performed before treatment and again 6 months after treatment. Kidneys were examined by light microscopy and a histopathological scoring system was used to assess the degree of renal damage. 3. The main histopathological findings were proximal tubular damage and interstitial fibrosis. Glomerular injury was similar in all groups. Tubular degeneration and atrophy were less common in the AMI + RAD group than in the RAD group (P = 0.011 and P = 0.015, respectively), as well as in the LC + RAD group compared with the RAD group (P = 0.028 and P = 0.036, respectively). Interstitial fibrosis in the AMI + RAD and LC + RAD groups was significantly less than that in the RAD group (P = 0.015 and P = 0.015, respectively). The highest total renal injury score (9) was seen in the RAD group. On scintigraphy, there were significant differences in post-treatment time to peak count (T(max)) and time from peak count to half count (T((1/2))) values (P = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) between groups in the right kidney. In the control and RAD groups, the T((1/2)) of the right kidney was 8 +/- 2 and 21 +/- 2 min, respectively. The T(max) values for the AMI + RAD and LC + RAD groups (2.8 +/- 0.2 and 3.2 +/- 0.2 min, respectively) were similar to those in the control group (2.5 +/- 0.3 min). 4. Based on the results of the present study, L-carnitine and amifostine have comparable and significant protective effects against radiation-induced late nephrotoxicity.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. caloglumurat@hotmail.com
authors: Murat
authors: M
authors: Caloglu
authors: Vuslat
authors: V
authors: Yurut-Caloglu
authors: Gulay
authors: G
authors: Durmus-Altun
authors: Fulya
authors: F
authors: Oz-Puyan
authors: Funda
authors: F
authors: Ustun
authors: Rusen
authors: R
authors: Cosar-Alas
authors: Mert
authors: M
authors: Saynak
authors: Sule
authors: S
authors: Parlar
authors: Fatma N
authors: FN
authors: Turan
authors: Cem
authors: C
authors: Uzal
mesh_terms: D004999:Amifostine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002331:Carnitine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011355:Prodrugs; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D004999:Amifostine; D002331:Carnitine; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate