title: Effects of aging on inner ear morphology in dogs in relation to brainstem responses to toneburst auditory stimuli.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most common form of hearing loss in humans and is increasingly recognized in dogs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Cochlear lesions in dogs with ARHL are similar to those in humans and the severity of the histological changes is reflected in tone audiograms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten geriatric dogs (mean age: 12.7 years) and three 9-month-old dogs serving as controls for histological analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study. Auditory thresholds were determined by recording brainstem responses (BERA) to toneburst auditory stimuli (1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 32 kHz). After euthanasia and perfusion fixation, the temporal bones were harvested and processed for histological examination of the cochleas. The numbers of outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs) were counted and the spiral ganglion cell (SGC) packing density and stria vascularis cross-sectional area (SVCA) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A combination of cochlear lesions was found in all geriatric dogs. There were significant reductions (P .001) in OHC (42%, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 24-64%) and IHC counts (21%, 95% CI; 62-90%) and SGC packing densities (323, 95% CI; 216-290) in the basal turn, SVCA was smaller in all turns. The greatest reduction in auditory sensitivity was at 8-32 kHz.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ARHL in this specific population of geriatric dogs was comparable histologically to the mixed type of ARHL in humans. The predominance of histological changes in the basal cochlear turn was consistent with the large threshold shifts observed in the middle- to high-frequency region.
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. g.terHaar@uu.nl
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Ter Haar
authors: J C M J
authors: JC
authors: de Groot
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Venker-van Haagen
authors: F J
authors: FJ
authors: van Sluijs
authors: G F
authors: GF
authors: Smoorenburg
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male