Haptoglobin: basic and clinical aspects.
Haptoglobin is an abundant hemoglobin-binding protein present in the plasma. The function of haptoglobin is primarily to determine the fate of hemoglobin released from red blood cells after either intravascular or extravascular hemolysis. There are two common alleles at the Hp genetic locus denoted 1 and 2. There are functional differences between the Hp 1 and Hp 2 protein products in protecting against hemoglobin-driven oxidative stress that appear to have important clinical significance. In particular, individuals with the Hp 2-2 genotype and diabetes mellitus appear to be at significantly higher risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications. A pharmacogenomic strategy of administering high dose antioxidants specifically to Hp 2-2 DM individuals may be clinically effective.
Levy
Andrew P
AP
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. alevy@tx.technion.ac.il
Asleh
Rabea
R
Blum
Shany
S
Levy
Nina S
NS
Miller-Lotan
Rachel
R
Kalet-Litman
Shiri
S
Anbinder
Yefim
Y
Lache
Orit
O
Nakhoul
Farid M
FM
Asaf
Roy
R
Farbstein
Dan
D
Pollak
Mordechai
M
Soloveichik
Yitzhak Z
YZ
Strauss
Merav
M
Alshiek
Jonia
J
Livshits
Alina
A
Schwartz
Avery
A
Awad
Hoda
H
Jad
Kheir
K
Goldenstein
Hagit
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D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D006242:Haptoglobins; D006454:Hemoglobins