title: Drug Burden Index and physical function in older Australian men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the associations of physical performance and functional status measures with the Drug Burden Index in older Australian men. The Drug Burden Index is a measure of total exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications that incorporates the principles of dose-response and maximal effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was performed on community-dwelling older men enrolled in The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project, Sydney, Australia. Outcomes included chair stands, walking speed over 6 m, 20-cm narrow walk speed, balance, grip strength and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living score (IADLs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 1705 men (age 76.9 +/- 5.5 years). Of the 1527 (90%) participants who reported taking medications, 21% were exposed to anticholinergic and 13% to sedative drugs. The average Drug Burden Index in the study population was 0.18 +/- 0.35. After adjusting for confounders (sociodemographics, comorbidities, cognitive impairment, depression), Drug Burden Index was associated with slower walking speed (P < 0.05), slower narrow walk speed (P < 0.05), balance difficulty (P < 0.01), grip weakness (P < 0.01) and poorer performance on IADLs (P < 0.05). Associations with physical performance and function were stronger for the sedative than for the anticholinergic component of the Drug Burden Index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher Drug Burden Index is associated with poorer physical performance and functional status in community-dwelling older Australian men. The Drug Burden Index has broad applicability as a tool for assessing the impact of medications on functions that determine independence in older people.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Aged Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia. dgnjidic@med.usyd.edu.au
authors: Danijela
authors: D
authors: Gnjidic
authors: Robert G
authors: RG
authors: Cumming
authors: David G
authors: DG
authors: Le Couteur
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Handelsman
authors: Vasi
authors: V
authors: Naganathan
authors: Darrell R
authors: DR
authors: Abernethy
authors: Sarah N
authors: SN
authors: Hilmer
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001822:Body Burden; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D053580:Muscle Strength; D009517:New South Wales; D004856:Postural Balance; D012111:Residence Characteristics
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives