title: Psychological distress in Brazilian Crohn's disease patients: screening, prevalence, and risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychological disturbances are frequent in Crohn's disease (CD) patients. However, epidemiological studies of non-western CD populations are limited and may be confounded by genetic and disease-related influences. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for depression and symptoms of anxiety in Brazilian patients with CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 110 CD patients and 110 control subjects with erosive esophagitis were assessed for depression and anxiety symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Crohn's and control groups were similar with regard to socio-demographic data. Compared with the controls, the CD patients had a significantly higher prevalence of depressed mood (25.4% vs. 8.2%, P=0.003). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anxiety between CD subjects (33.6%) and controls (22.7%). Depressed mood rates were higher among those who had active disease and greater CDAI scores (OR: 3.4, 95%CI 1.1-10.8). Family history of depression (OR: 5.3, 95%CI: 2.7-15.1) was related to the co-occurrence of anxiety symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In CD patients, depression and anxiety are highly concurrent conditions. Disease activity was strongly associated with depressed mood, while a family history of depression was related to anxiety. Screening for depression and anxiety should be carried out routinely as part of quality of care improvement in CD individuals.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, University of Juiz de Fora School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Brazil.
authors: Maria Tereza
authors: MT
authors: Brandi
authors: Mário Sergio
authors: MS
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Liliana Andrade
authors: LA
authors: Chebli
authors: Márcio Bousada
authors: MB
authors: Franco
authors: André Luiz
authors: AL
authors: Pinto
authors: Pedro Duarte
authors: PD
authors: Gaburri
authors: Alexandre
authors: A
authors: Zanini
authors: Julio Maria
authors: JM
authors: Chebli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044467:American Indian or Alaska Native / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003710:Demography; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult