title: Characterization of the inflammatory cell infiltrate in herald patches and fully developed eruptions of pityriasis rosea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a common cutaneous papulosquamous disorder affecting young adults. Previous studies have suggested possibilities of a viral aetiology and the involvement of cell-mediated immunity, but these remain unproven to date.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the possible pathomechanisms in PR by characterizing the inflammatory cellular infiltrate in herald patches and fully developed PR eruptions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 12 biopsy specimens from 6 patients diagnosed with PR were examined. For each patient, biopsies were taken from both a herald patch and a secondary patch. Specimens were processed for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining with a large panel of monoclonal antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathologically, all specimens showed epidermal changes such as parakeratosis, orthokeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia and spongiosis. Less common results included epidermal exocytosis and focal parakeratosis. In all biopsies, the dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes stained positively for monoclonal antibodies specific for T cells. The ratio of the CD4+ (helper) vs. CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells in the dermal infiltrate was increased in most specimens. Increased staining for Langerhans cells was seen within the dermis of lesional skin. There were no marked differences found in histopathology and immunohistochemistry between the herald patch and secondary lesions. Overall, there was a lack of natural killer cell and B-cell activities in PR lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support a predominantly T-cell mediated immunity in the development of PR.
authors: Department of Dermatology, National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore. cyneoh@nsc.gov.sg
authors: C Y
authors: CY
authors: Neoh
authors: A W H
authors: AW
authors: Tan
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Mohamed
authors: Y J
authors: YJ
authors: Sun
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Tan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017515:Pityriasis Rosea / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult