title: Differential expression of galectin-3, beta-catenin, and cyclin D1 in adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of salivary glands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Galectin-3 has been implicated in tumor progression of some malignancies as thyroid, prostate, and salivary gland tumors. Recently, it has been suggested that this protein may be an important mediator of the beta-catenin/Wnt pathway. Moreover, nuclear galectin-3 expression has been implicated in cell proliferation, promoting cyclin D1 activation. Thus, the present study aimed to correlate galectin-3 expression with beta-catenin and cyclin D1 expressions in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and in polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cases of each tumor were retrieved from the files of the Surgical Oral Pathology Service at the University of São Paulo and the proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adenoid cystic carcinoma showed galectin-3 immunostaining mainly in the nuclei, while PLGA revealed a positive mostly cytoplasmic reaction to galectin-3 in the largest part of tumor cells. Both tumors showed intense cytoplasmic/nuclear staining for beta-catenin in majority of cases. Cyclin D1 immunoreactivity was not detected in 14/15 PLGA and showed specific nuclear staining in 10/15 cases of ACC in more than 5% of the neoplastic cells. Cyclin D1 expression was correlated with cytoplasmic and nuclear galectin-3 expression in ACC (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that in ACC galectin-3 may play a role in cellular proliferation through cyclin D1 activation. In addition, nuclear expression of galectin-3 in ACC may be related to a more aggressive behavior of this lesion. Although beta-catenin seems to play a role in carcinogenesis in both lesions, it seems that it does not bind to galectin-3 for cyclin D1 stimulation.
authors: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. kivialinhares@uol.com.br
authors: K L
authors: KL
authors: Ferrazzo
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Neto
authors: E
authors: E
authors: dos Santos
authors: D
authors: D
authors: dos Santos Pinto
authors: S O M
authors: SO
authors: de Sousa
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D037502:Galectin 3; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D019938:Cyclin D1