Medication use among children <12 years of age in the United States: results from the Slone Survey.
OBJECTIVE
Using data from the Slone Survey, we sought to define the prevalence of over-the-counter and prescription medication use among US children <12 years of age and to determine the prevalence and patterns of use of the most commonly used medications.


METHODS
The Slone Survey was a random-digit-dial telephone survey of medication use in the previous 7 days for a representative sample of the US population. Between February 1998 and April 2007, we enrolled 2857 children 0 to 11 years of age from the 48 contiguous US states.


RESULTS
The survey response rate was 61%. Overall, 56% of children had used >or=1 medication product in the 7 days preceding the interview, with 15%, 7.1%, 3.1%, and 1.9% taking 2, 3, 4, and >or=5 medications, respectively, during that time period. Twenty percent of children took >or=1 prescription-only medications, but <6% used >or=2 prescription-only drugs within a given week. Fewer than 0.5% of children were reported to have used any particular herbal product. The most commonly used over-the-counter medication products were acetaminophen alone, multivitamins, and ibuprofen alone. The most commonly used prescription-only medications across all age groups were amoxicillin, albuterol, and multivitamins with fluoride. The most commonly consumed active ingredients (excluding vitamins) were acetaminophen, iron, ibuprofen, and various cough/cold ingredients (pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, and various first-generation antihistamines).


CONCLUSIONS
The majority of US children <12 years of age use >or=1 medication product in a given week. The preponderance of pediatric medication exposure involves over-the-counter products.
Vernacchio
Louis
L
Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. lvernacchio@slone.bu.edu
Kelly
Judith P
JP
Kaufman
David W
DW
Mitchell
Allen A
AA
D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014481:United States
D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D055553:Prescription Drugs