title: Hydrolysis of rosmarinic acid from rosemary extract with esterases and Lactobacillus johnsonii in vitro and in a gastrointestinal model.
abstract: Rosmarinic acid (RA) was identified as one of the main components of rosemary extracts and has been ascribed to a number of health benefits. Several studies suggested that after ingestion, RA is metabolized by gut microflora into caffeic acid and derivatives. However, only limited information on the microorganisms and enzymes involved in this biotransformation is available. In this study, we investigated the hydrolysis of RA from rosemary extract with enzymes and a probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533. Chlorogenate esterase from Aspergillus japonicus (0.02 U/mg) hydrolyzed 90% of RA (5 mg/mL) after 2 h at pH 7.0 and 40 degrees C. Complete hydrolysis of RA (5 mg/mL) was achieved with a preparation of L. johnsonii (25 mg/mL, 3.3 E9 cfu/g) after 2 h of incubation at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C. No hydrolysis of RA was observed after the passage of rosemary extract through the gastrointestinal tract model (GI model). Thus, RA is hydrolyzed neither chemically under the conditions of the GI model (temperature, pH, and bile salts) nor by secreted enzymatic activity (lipase and pancreatic enzymes). The addition of L. johnsonii cells to rosemary extract in the GI model resulted in substantial hydrolysis of RA (up to 99%).
authors: Nestec Ltd, Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland. rachid.bel-rhlid@rdls.nestle.com
authors: Rachid
authors: R
authors: Bel-Rhlid
authors: Vanessa
authors: V
authors: Crespy
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Pagé-Zoerkler
authors: Kornél
authors: K
authors: Nagy
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Raab
authors: Carl-Erik
authors: CE
authors: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000201:enzymology; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000378:metabolism*; D053630:Depsides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D004950:Esterases; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C025374:chlorogenic acid esterase