title: Outcome of primary closure of abdominal wounds following typhoid perforation in children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abdominal wounds following surgery for typhoid perforation are classified as dirty, with an infection rate of over 40%. To date, the optimal method for closure of these wounds remains controversial. Delayed primary closure which was conventionally recommended as standard practice, is now considered to be of no value in preventing surgical site infection (SSI). This study evaluates the outcome of primary closure of this class of wounds in children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, and advocates a multidisciplinary wound management protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study of children aged < 1-15 years who had had surgery for typhoid perforation in a teaching hospital in south western Nigeria, over a period of ten years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two patients, 18 males and 14 females, in the ratio of 1.3:1 were managed for typhoid perforation during the ten year period. All 32 patients had primary closure of their abdominal wounds. There was primary wound healing in six (18.8%) patients, while 19 (59.4%) patients had surgical site infections. Wound dehiscence, intraabdominal abscess, and faecal fistulas were the other complications documented in the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abdominal wounds of typhoid perforation, though classified as being dirty, can be closed primarily with good healing outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach to wound management will reduce the incidence of wound sepsis and its associated morbidity and costs.
authors: Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. usangue@yahoo.co.uk
authors: U E
authors: UE
authors: Usang
authors: O A
authors: OA
authors: Sowande
authors: A O
authors: AO
authors: Ademuyiwa
authors: T I B
authors: TI
authors: Bakare
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Adejuyigbe
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000150:complications*; D014945:Wound Healing