title: Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): norms for verbal span, visuospatial span, letter and number sequencing, trail making test, and symbol digit modalities test.
abstract: As part of the Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA project), we provide age- and education-adjusted norms for the following instruments: verbal span (digits), visuospatial span (Corsi's test), letter-number sequencing (WAIS-III), trail making test, and symbol digit modalities test. The sample consists of 354 participants who are cognitively normal, community-dwelling, and age ranging from 50 to 90 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to age-adjusted scaled scores. These were further converted into education-adjusted scaled scores by applying regression-based adjustments. The current norms should provide clinically useful data for evaluating elderly Spanish people. These data may be of considerable use for comparisons with other normative studies. Limitations of these normative data are mainly related to the techniques of recruitment and stratification employed.
authors: Section of Behavioral Neurology and Dementias, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipal d'Assistència Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain. jpcasanova@imas.imim.es
authors: Jordi
authors: J
authors: Peña-Casanova
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Quiñones-Ubeda
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Quintana-Aparicio
authors: Miquel
authors: M
authors: Aguilar
authors: Dolors
authors: D
authors: Badenes
authors: José Luis
authors: JL
authors: Molinuevo
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Torner
authors: Alfredo
authors: A
authors: Robles
authors: María Sagrario
authors: MS
authors: Barquero
authors: Clara
authors: C
authors: Villanueva
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Antúnez
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Martínez-Parra
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Frank-García
authors: Azucena
authors: A
authors: Sanz
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Fernández
authors: Verónica
authors: V
authors: Alfonso
authors: Josep M
authors: JM
authors: Sol
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Blesa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D013030:Spain; D014145:Trail Making Test