title: Site-directed mutagenesis of the cytochrome b gene and development of diagnostic methods for identifying QoI resistance of rice blast fungus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is possible that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (G143A mutation) in the cytochrome b gene could confer resistance to quinone outside inhibiting (QoI) fungicides (strobilurins) in rice blast fungus because this mutation caused a high level of resistance to fungicides such as azoxystrobin in Pyricularia grisea Sacc. and other fungal plant pathogens. The aim of this study was to survey Magnaporthe oryzae B Couch sp. nov. isolates in Japan for resistance to QoIs, and to try to develop molecular detection methods for QoI resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A survey on the QoI resistance among M. oryzae isolates from rice was conducted in Japan. A total of 813 single-spore isolates of M. oryzae were tested for their sensitivity to azoxystrobin using a mycelial growth test on PDA. QoI fungicide resistance was not found among these isolates. The introduction of G143A mutation into a plasmid containing the cytochrome b gene sequence of rice blast fungus was achieved by site-directed mutagenesis. Molecular diagnostic methods were developed for identifying QoI resistance in rice blast fungus using the plasmid construct.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the management of rice blast disease is often dependent on chemicals, the rational design of control programmes requires a proper understanding of the fungicide resistance phenomenon in field populations of the pathogen. Mutation of the cytochrome b gene of rice blast fungus would be specifically detected from diseased leaves and seeds using the molecular methods developed in this study.
authors: National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Chuan-Zhao
authors: CZ
authors: Wei
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Katoh
authors: Kumiko
authors: K
authors: Nishimura
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Ishii
mesh_terms: D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D045303:Cytochromes b