title: [Propofol combined with midazolam intravenous sedation anesthesia in pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the application of propofol combined with midazolam intravenous anesthesia in pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 497 ASA I~II patients who received sedative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were assigned to a children group (2-14 years) and an adults group (18-65 years).The 2 groups were treated with midazolam (0.02-0.03 mg/kg, iv) and propofol(0.6-0.7 mg/s,iv) with an interval of 3-5 minutes. Enterscopy was inserted at light sleep, relaxing muscles, and disappearance of eyelash relaxation. Combining of pro-endoscopy, reaction to intravenous administration, dose of propofol, reaction to endoscopy, time of returning to consciousness, changes of SpO2, R, HR, and BP, and sedative quality were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good sedation of the 2 groups after intravenous administration was observed. Rate of combining of pro-endoscopy in children was lower (42%) than that in adults(100%). The incidence of restlessness, hyperphasia, temporary decreasing of SpO2, dose of propofol of per kilogram weight, time of returning to consciousness in the children were 82.7%, 17%, 2.4 mg/kg, and (17.5+/-3.2) min, respectively, which were all higher in the adults [9%, 4%, 1.4 mg/kg, and (9.5+/-1.3) min, P<0.01]. HR and BP decreased in the 2 groups, and recovered rapidly after the endoscopy. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups(P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is safe and effective to use propofol combined with midazolam intravenous sedation anesthesia in pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
authors: Dinghua
authors: D
authors: Xiao
authors: Fen
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Xiaoyan
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Wuliang
authors: W
authors: Tang
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Ouyang
authors: Shourong
authors: S
authors: Shen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol