title: Menopause leading to increased vaginal wall thickness in women with genital prolapse: impact on sexual response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypoestrogenism causes structural changes in the vaginal wall that can lead to sexual dysfunction. A reduction in vaginal wall thickness has been reported to occur after menopause, although without precise morphometry.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure vaginal wall thickness in women with genital prolapse in normal and hypoestrogenic conditions and to correlate sexual dysfunction with vaginal wall thickness and estradiol levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical vaginal specimens from 18 normoestrogenic and 13 postmenopausal women submitted to surgery for genital prolapse grades I and II were examined. Patients were evaluated for FSH, estradiol, prolactin, glycemia, and serum TSH levels. For histological analysis, samples were stained with Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin. Sexual function was assessed by the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS).
  
  
  METHODS
  GRISS questionnaire, histological analysis, morphometric methods, Masson's trichrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vaginal wall was thicker in the postmenopausal than premenopausal group (2.72 +/- 0.72 mm and 2.16 +/- 0.43, P = 0.01, and 2.63 +/- 0.71 mm and 2.07 +/- 0.49 mm, P = 0.01, for the anterior and posterior walls, respectively). These thicknesses seem to be due to the muscular layer, which was also thicker in the postmenopausal group (1.54 +/- 0.44 and 1.09 +/- 0.3 mm, P = 0.02, and 1.45 +/- 0.47 and 1.07 +/- 0.44 mm, P = 0.03, for the anterior and posterior wall, respectively). The vaginal epithelium was thinner in the middle segment than in the proximal one in the posterior wall (0.17 +/- 0.07 mm, 0.15 +/- 0.05 mm, 0.24 +/- 0.09 mm, P = 0.02). There was no correlation between coital pain, vaginal wall thickness, and estradiol levels in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vaginal wall is thicker after menopause in women with genital prolapse. In this study, vaginal thickness and estrogen levels were not related to sexual dysfunction.
authors: São Paulo University-Sexual Medicine Service of Human Reproduction Sector, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Av. Bandeirantes, 3.900 Ribeirão Preto São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil. luciaalvess@yahoo.com.br
authors: Lúcia Alves
authors: LA
authors: da Silva Lara
authors: Alfredo Ribeiro
authors: AR
authors: da Silva
authors: Júlio César
authors: JC
authors: Rosa-E-Silva
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Chaud
authors: Marcos Felipe
authors: MF
authors: Silva-de-Sá
authors: Antônio Renato
authors: AR
authors: Meireles E Silva
authors: Ana Carolina Japur
authors: AC
authors: de Sá Rosa-E-Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*