title: Plerixafor inhibits chemotaxis toward SDF-1 and CXCR4-mediated stroma contact in a dose-dependent manner resulting in increased susceptibility of BCR-ABL+ cell to Imatinib and Nilotinib.
abstract: Despite Imatinib's remarkable success in chronic myelogenous leukemia treatment, monotherapy frequently causes resistance, underlining the rationale for combination chemotherapy. A potential approach would be interrupting the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis using the selective CXCR4 antagonist Plerixafor (previously AMD3100), as this axis has been reported to provide survival-enhancing effects to myeloid progenitor cells. By efficient CXCR4 blocking in the CXCR4(+)/BCR-ABL(+) cell line BV-173, plerixafor (1-100 muM) significantly inhibits SDF-1alpha-mediated chemotaxis and cell migration toward the murine stroma cell line FBMD-1. Furthermore, plerixafor also significantly (10-100 muM) increased the detachment rate of SDF-1-mediated/VCAM-1-associated cell adherence under shear stress. Using a stroma-dependent coculture assay, plerixafor sensitized BCR-ABL(+) cells toward tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Because the level of cell killing nearly reached that of samples cultured without stroma, a cell-cell interaction disruption seems to improve the efficacy of BCR-ABL-targeting drugs. In addition, we could show that exposure of BCR-ABL(+) cells to Imatinib or Nilotinib induced an increase in surface CXCR4 expression. Our data suggest that for BCR-ABL(+) leukemia, the selective blocking of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis by plerixafor is a potential mechanism to overcome the protective effect of the bone marrow environment, thereby increasing the therapeutic potency of anti-BCR-ABL drugs and the therapeutic window.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Falk
authors: F
authors: Dillmann
authors: Marlon R
authors: MR
authors: Veldwijk
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Laufs
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Sperandio
authors: Gary
authors: G
authors: Calandra
authors: Frederik
authors: F
authors: Wenz
authors: Jens
authors: J
authors: Zeller
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Fruehauf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides; D001596:Benzylamines; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D000080027:Cyclams; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D001596:Benzylamines; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D000080027:Cyclams; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; C498826:nilotinib; C088327:plerixafor