title: Microbial characterization of water and biofilms in drinking water distribution systems at sport facilities.
abstract: The present study investigated the in situ microbial indicators' occurrence in water and biofilm in drinking water distribution systems of sport facilities such as gyms. The presence of Legionella, such as a potential pathogen, was also verified. Water and biofilm were contemporaneously collected and microbiologically analyzed. Few colonies of coliforms were detected in biofilm but not in the corresponding water samples. Conversely, some colonies of heterotrophs were counted at 22 degrees C in both the 80% biofilm samples and the 53% water samples. Legionella was detected in 29% of the hot water systems, and, in particular, L. pneumophila in 21% and L. non pneumophila in 9% of the samples. Higher counts were found in biofilm samples. As it was recommended for swimming pools, it is to be hoped that hygiene risk assessment criteria and safety plans could be also developed for gyms to reduce potential hazards to health for all attendants.
authors: Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di SanitY, Roma, Italy. lucybond@iss.it
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Bonadonna
authors: Rossella
authors: R
authors: Briancesco
authors: Simonetta
authors: S
authors: Della Libera
authors: Ines
authors: I
authors: Lacchetti
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Paradiso
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: Semproni
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007875:Legionella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012705:Serratia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013177:Sports; D013696:Temperature; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply