title: Prevalence and incidence of HPV genital infection in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine could benefit adult women if they are susceptible to incident genital HPV infections and are acquiring new infections with vaccine HPV types to which they were previously not exposed. This report presents baseline and prospective data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the quadrivalent HPV (Type 6/11/16/18) vaccine in women ages 24 to 45.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the results of an epidemiologic analysis of 3730 women enrolled in a quadrivalent HPV vaccine efficacy trial between June 18, 2004 and April 30, 2008. Subjects were enrolled from 7 countries (Colombia, France, Germany, Philippines, Spain, Thailand, and the United States) through community and academic health centers and primary health care providers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average baseline prevalence of anogenital infection and/or seropositivity was 32.8% for >or=1 vaccine HPV types and 0.3% for all vaccine HPV types. Incidence of anogential infection with any vaccine HPV type was approximately 10.5%. The rate of persistent infection was approximately 5% over a 30-month period among women in the placebo arm naïve to the relevant type at baseline. Predictors of incident infection included younger age, marital status other than first marriage, higher number of lifetime and recent sex partners, and Chlamydia/gonorrhea infection at baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that women up to age 45 are susceptible to vaccine HPV types and some are acquiring anogenital infections with vaccine HPV types. Future study concerning incident and prevalent HPV infection among women up to age 45 is warranted (Trial NCT number NCT00090220).
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, PA 19454, USA. Christine_velicer@merck.com
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Velicer
authors: Xingshu
authors: X
authors: Zhu
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Vuocolo
authors: Kai-Li
authors: KL
authors: Liaw
authors: Alfred
authors: A
authors: Saah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines