Genetic variations in regulatory pathways of fatty acid and glucose metabolism are associated with obesity phenotypes: a population-based cohort study.
BACKGROUND
As nuclear receptors and transcription factors have an important regulatory function in adipocyte differentiation and fat storage, genetic variation in these key regulators and downstream pathways may be involved in the onset of obesity.


OBJECTIVE
To explore associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes from regulatory pathways that control fatty acid and glucose metabolism, and repeated measurements of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in a large Dutch study population.


METHODS
Data of 327 SNPs across 239 genes were analyzed for 3575 participants of the Doetinchem cohort, who were examined three times during 11 years, using the Illumina Golden Gate assay. Adjusted random coefficient models were used to analyze the relationship between SNPS and obesity phenotypes. False discovery rate q-values were calculated to account for multiple testing. Significance of the associations was defined as a q-value < or = 0.20.


RESULTS
Two SNPs (in NR1H4 and SMARCA2 in women only) were significantly associated with both BMI and waist circumference. In addition, two SNPs (in SIRT1 and SCAP in women only) were associated with BMI alone. A functional SNP, in IL6, was strongly associated with waist.


CONCLUSIONS
In this explorative study among participants of a large population-based cohort, five SNPs, mainly located in transcription mediator genes, were strongly associated with obesity phenotypes. The results from whole genome and candidate gene studies support the potential role of NR1H4, SIRT1, SMARCA2 and IL6 in obesity. Although replication of our findings and further research on the functionality of these SNPs and underlying mechanism is necessary, our data indirectly suggest a role of GATA transcription factors in weight control.
van den Berg
S W
SW
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. saskia.van.den.berg@rivm.nl
Dollé
M E T
ME
Imholz
S
S
van der A
D L
DL
van 't Slot
R
R
Wijmenga
C
C
Verschuren
W M M
WM
Strien
C
C
Siezen
C L E
CL
Hoebee
B
B
Feskens
E J M
EJ
Boer
J M A
JM
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019410:Interleukin-16 / Q000235:genetics; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
D005227:Fatty Acids; D005947:Glucose; D019410:Interleukin-16; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated; C084011:SMARCA2 protein, human; C102196:SREBP cleavage-activating protein; C447939:SIRT1 protein, human