Development of a focused ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediment and mussel samples.
Focused ultrasonic-assisted extraction (FUSE) is a new and particular technique based on the cavitation effect. In this work, the focused ultrasound assisted extraction was studied and developed for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from marine sediments and mussel tissues. The variables influencing the extraction (amplitude of the ultrasound pulse, the extraction time and the solvent) were studied by a full factorial design and a central composite design. As a result, flat response surfaces were obtained and the most convenient conditions were 45% of ultrasound amplitude, 120s of extraction time and 5 mL of acetone. Both accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated by means of two certified reference materials (marine sediment and mussel tissue) and the results were also compared to those obtained by microwave assisted extraction.
Navarro
Patricia
P
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. patricia.navarro@ehu.es
Etxebarria
Nestor
N
Arana
Gorka
G
D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D008872:Microwaves; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical