Childhood hypo-adiponectinaemia but not hyper-leptinaemia is associated with insulin insensitivity 6 years later.
BACKGROUND
Biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation may predict children with increased diabetes risk.


OBJECTIVE
To study plasma adiponectin, leptin, IL-8, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in childhood and their independent associations with insulin insensitivity, cross-sectional and in 6-yr prospective.


METHODS
Danish 8- to 10-yr-olds and 14- to 16-yr-olds from the European Youth Heart Studies I and II.


METHODS
Cross-sectional (n = 386) and prospective (n = 246) linear regressions of baseline concentrations of plasma biomarkers and insulin insensitivity at baseline and 6 yr later. Adjustments were made at four progressive steps for sex, sexual maturity, body mass index (BMI), other biomarkers, physical activity, and school location as well as baseline insulin insensitivity in prospective analyses. Insulin insensitivity was measured using homeostasis model assessment standardized to the sample mean [homoestasis model assessment (HOMA) Z-scores]. Plasma biomarkers were quantified using solid-phase protein immunoassays. Overweight was defined as the highest BMI tertile.


RESULTS
Among overweight but not lean children at baseline, one SD difference in baseline plasma adiponectin was associated with -0.41 SD difference in HOMA Z-scores 6 yr later (p = 0.006). At baseline, one SD difference in plasma leptin was associated with 0.36 SD difference in HOMA Z-scores (p =< 0.0001) among 8- to 10-yr-olds, but a prospective association was not found.


CONCLUSIONS
We found a direct relationship between childhood hypo-adiponectinaemia and insulin insensitivity in adolescence. This association was stronger for overweight than for normal weight children. Hyper-leptinaemia was associated with concurrent insulin insensitivity at baseline but not 6 yr later.
Kynde
Iben
I
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. ibenk@mfi.ku.dk
Heitmann
Berit Lilienthal
BL
Bygbjerg
Ib Christian
IC
Andersen
Lars Bo
LB
Helge
Jørn Wulff
JW
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D056865:Ideal Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; C066855:HGF protein, human; D016209:Interleukin-8; D020738:Leptin; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor