Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): norms for verbal span, visuospatial span, letter and number sequencing, trail making test, and symbol digit modalities test.
As part of the Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA project), we provide age- and education-adjusted norms for the following instruments: verbal span (digits), visuospatial span (Corsi's test), letter-number sequencing (WAIS-III), trail making test, and symbol digit modalities test. The sample consists of 354 participants who are cognitively normal, community-dwelling, and age ranging from 50 to 90 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to age-adjusted scaled scores. These were further converted into education-adjusted scaled scores by applying regression-based adjustments. The current norms should provide clinically useful data for evaluating elderly Spanish people. These data may be of considerable use for comparisons with other normative studies. Limitations of these normative data are mainly related to the techniques of recruitment and stratification employed.
Peña-Casanova
Jordi
J
Section of Behavioral Neurology and Dementias, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipal d'Assistència Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain. jpcasanova@imas.imim.es
Quiñones-Ubeda
Sonia
S
Quintana-Aparicio
María
M
Aguilar
Miquel
M
Badenes
Dolors
D
Molinuevo
José Luis
JL
Torner
Laura
L
Robles
Alfredo
A
Barquero
María Sagrario
MS
Villanueva
Clara
C
Antúnez
Carmen
C
Martínez-Parra
Carlos
C
Frank-García
Anna
A
Sanz
Azucena
A
Fernández
Manuel
M
Alfonso
Verónica
V
Sol
Josep M
JM
Blesa
Rafael
R
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D013030:Spain; D014145:Trail Making Test