Management of childhood onset nephrotic syndrome.
The therapeutic approach to childhood nephrotic syndrome is based on a series of studies that began with an international collaborative effort sponsored by the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children in 1967. The characteristics of children presenting with nephrotic syndrome have changed over recent decades with greater frequency of the challenging condition focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and a greater prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus, which may be resistant to glucocorticoids in the former and exacerbated by long-term glucocorticoid therapy in the latter 2 conditions. The Children's Nephrotic Syndrome Consensus Conference was formed to systematically review the published literature and generate a children's primary nephrotic syndrome guideline for use in educational, therapeutic, and research venues.
Gipson
Debbie S
DS
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department ofMedicine and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, ChapelHill, North Carolina 27599-7155, USA. debbie_gipson@med.unc.edu
Massengill
Susan F
SF
Yao
Lynne
L
Nagaraj
Shashi
S
Smoyer
William E
WE
Mahan
John D
JD
Wigfall
Delbert
D
Miles
Paul
P
Powell
Leslie
L
Lin
Jen-Jar
JJ
Trachtman
Howard
H
Greenbaum
Larry A
LA
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009402:Nephrosis, Lipoid / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011241:Prednisone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D011241:Prednisone