title: The effects of intra-operative amiodarone loading on the systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced by cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) leads to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). In vitro studies showed that amiodarone blocked cytokine production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intra-operative amiodarone loading on SIRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective randomized study included 24 patients who underwent on-pump coronary artery surgery. The patients were classified into control (n=12) and amiodarone (n=12) groups. Plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory (C-reactive protein - CRP, interleukin-6 - IL-6) and the anti-inflammatory markers (interleukin-10 - IL-10) were measured before the induction of anesthesia, 5 minutes after aortic declamping, after protamine administration and 24 hours after the CPB. The myocardial lactate production was calculated before CPB and 5 minutes after aortic declamping. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U, Fischer's exact and ANOVA tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, the IL-6 levels significantly increased after declamping (91.18+/-16.27 pg/ml and 86.37+/-14.66 pg/ml, p<0.01) and reached peak values after infusion of protamine (329.07+/-32.24 pg/ml and 354.31+/-29.61 pg/ml, p<0.01). The highest values of IL-10 were detected after infusion of protamine in the control and amiodarone groups (265.58+/-85.63 pg/ml, p<0.01 and 287.44+/-65.26 pg/ml, p<0.01). Amiodarone did not have any significant effect on release of cytokines. The CRP levels were significantly elevated in both groups at 24th hour after CPB, but no significant difference was found between the groups. Compared with pre-CPB values, lactate production increased significantly in two groups after aortic declamping. However there was no significant difference between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that intraoperative loading of amiodarone, which is used for atrial fibrillation prophylaxis, does not seem to alter inflammatory response during CPB.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elaziğ, Turkey. alirahman33@hotmail.com
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Rahman
authors: Handan
authors: H
authors: Akbulut
authors: Mustafa Kemal
authors: MK
authors: Bayar
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Ozden
authors: Oktay
authors: O
authors: Burma
authors: Ayhan
authors: A
authors: Uysal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000638:Amiodarone