title: Alternative mRNA splicing creates transcripts encoding soluble proteins from most LILR genes.
abstract: Leucocyte Ig-like receptors (LILR) are a family of innate immune receptors expressed on myeloid and lymphoid cells that influence adaptive immune responses. We identified a common mechanism of alternative mRNA splicing, which generates transcripts that encode soluble protein isoforms of the majority of human LILR. These alternative splice variants lack transmembrane and cytoplasmic encoding regions, due to the transcription of a cryptic stop codon present in an intron 5' of the transmembrane encoding exon. The alternative LILR transcripts were detected in cell types that express their membrane-associated isoforms. Expression of the alternative LILRB1 transcript in transfected cells resulted in the release of a soluble approximately 65 Kd LILRB1 protein into culture supernatants. Soluble LILRB1 protein was also detected in the culture supernatants of monocyte-derived DC. In vitro assays suggested that soluble LILRB1 could block the interaction between membrane-associated LILRB1 and HLA-class I. Soluble LILRB1 may act as a dominant negative regulator of HLA-class I-mediated LILRB1 inhibition. Soluble isoforms of the other LILR may function in a comparable way.
authors: Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK. dcj28@cam.ac.uk
authors: Des C
authors: DC
authors: Jones
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Roghanian
authors: Damien P
authors: DP
authors: Brown
authors: Chiwen
authors: C
authors: Chang
authors: Rachel L
authors: RL
authors: Allen
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Trowsdale
authors: Neil T
authors: NT
authors: Young
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002469:Cell Separation; D003062:Codon; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D000075362:Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D003062:Codon; C105298:LILRA2 protein, human; C471973:LILRA5 protein, human; C105299:LILRB1 protein, human; C491341:LILRB2 protein, human; D000075362:Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C413086:leukocyte-immunoglobulin--like receptor 6