title: Development of liposomes containing ethanol for skin delivery of temoporfin: characterization and in vitro penetration studies.
abstract: The aim of this study was to develop ethanol-containing (3.3-20%, w/v) liposomes loaded with temoporfin (mTHPC), which presents a highly hydrophobic photosensitizer with low percutaneous penetration, and to investigate their skin penetration enhancing effect. Characterization parameters of liposomes were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy, lamellarity was analyzed by cryo-electron microscopy and mTHPC-content in formulations was determined spectrofotometrically. In order to assess the stability of mTHPC-liposomes at 4 and 23 degrees C, at predetermined time intervals characterization parameters and mTHPC-content were measured. The in vitro skin penetration of mTHPC was investigated using human abdominal skin mounted in Franz cells. The results indicated that mTHPC-liposomes were of a small particle size, small polydispersity index, negative surface charge, unilamellar or oligolamellar, and of a spherical or oval shape. All liposomes were stable during 12 months' storage at 4 degrees C. Increasing the amount of ethanol in mTHPC-liposomes the skin deposition of mTHPC increased also. Liposomes without ethanol delivered the lowest amount of mTHPC into the skin, while liposomes containing 20% ethanol showed the highest penetration enhancement. In conclusion, mTHPC-liposomes containing 20% ethanol could be a promising tool for delivering temoporfin to the skin, which would be beneficial for the photodynamic therapy of cutaneous malignant or non-malignant diseases.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany. ninadragicevic@hotmail.com
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Dragicevic-Curic
authors: Dietrich
authors: D
authors: Scheglmann
authors: Volker
authors: V
authors: Albrecht
authors: Alfred
authors: A
authors: Fahr
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008652:Mesoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010316:Particle Size; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D008652:Mesoporphyrins; D000431:Ethanol; C072269:temoporfin