Systematic video game training in surgical novices improves performance in virtual reality endoscopic surgical simulators: a prospective randomized study.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have shown a correlation between previous video game experience and performance in minimally invasive surgical simulators. The hypothesis is that systematic video game training with high visual-spatial demands and visual similarity to endoscopy would show a transfer effect on performance in virtual reality endoscopic surgical simulation.


METHODS
A prospective randomized study was performed. Thirty surgical novices were matched and randomized to five weeks of systematic video game training in either a first-person shooter game (Half Life) with high visual-spatial demands and visual similarities to endoscopy or a video game with mainly cognitive demands (Chessmaster). A matched control group (n = 10) performed no video game training during five weeks. Performance in two virtual reality endoscopic surgical simulators (MIST-VR and GI Mentor II) was measured pre- and post-training. Before simulator training we also controlled for students' visual-spatial ability, visual working memory, age, and previous video game experience.


RESULTS
The group training with Half Life showed significant improvement in two GI Mentor II variables and the MIST-VR task MD level medium. The group training with Chessmaster only showed an improvement in the MIST-VR task. No effect was observed in the control group. As recently shown in other studies, current and previous video game experience was important for simulator performance.


CONCLUSIONS
Systematic video game training improved surgical performance in advanced virtual reality endoscopic simulators. The transfer effect increased when increasing visual similarity. The performance in intense, visual-spatially challenging video games might be a predictive factor for the outcome in surgical simulation.
Schlickum
Marcus Kolga
MK
Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. aka04rsc@student.ki.se
Hedman
Leif
L
Enochsson
Lars
L
Kjellin
Ann
A
Felländer-Tsai
Li
L
D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013337:Students, Medical; D018910:Video Games