title: Usefulness of diabetes mellitus to predict long-term outcomes in patients with unstable angina pectoris.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine short- and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in unselected patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with acute ischemic chest pain (AICP). In patients with DM presenting to the emergency department with AICP, short-term cardiovascular outcomes remain discordant between trials and registries, whereas long-term outcomes are not well-described. A consecutive cohort of all residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, presenting with AICP from January 1, 1985, to December 31, 1992, was followed for a median duration of 16.6 years. The primary outcome was long-term all-cause mortality. Other outcomes included a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and revascularization (major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events [MACCEs]) as well as heart failure (HF) events at 30 days and at a median of 7.3 years, respectively. Of the 2,271 eligible patients, 336 (14.8%) were classified with DM. The crude 30-day MACCE rate was 10.1% in patients with DM and 6.1% in those without DM (p = 0.007). HF events were more common in patients with DM at 30 days (9.8% vs 3.1%, p <0.001). At 7.3 years, patients with DM were more likely to experience MACCEs and HF events than those without DM (71.2% vs 45.1%, unadjusted hazard ratio 2.15%, 95% confidence interval 1.87 to 2.48, p <0.001, and 45.1% vs 18.2%, p <0.001, respectively). Over the follow-up period, 272 patients with DM (81.9%) died, compared with 936 (49.2%) without DM (p <0.001). In conclusion, DM is associated with a higher short-term risk for MACCEs and HF and a higher long-term risk for mortality in unselected patients with AICP. DM should be included as a high-risk variable in national acute coronary syndrome guidelines.
authors: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, New York, New York, USA. michael.farkouh@mssm.edu
authors: Michael E
authors: ME
authors: Farkouh
authors: Ashish
authors: A
authors: Aneja
authors: Guy S
authors: GS
authors: Reeder
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Smars
authors: Ryan J
authors: RJ
authors: Lennon
authors: Heather J
authors: HJ
authors: Wiste
authors: Kay
authors: K
authors: Traverse
authors: Louai
authors: L
authors: Razzouk
authors: Ananda
authors: A
authors: Basu
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Holmes
authors: Verghese
authors: V
authors: Mathew
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult