title: Clinical and histologic analysis of the stability of microimplants with immediate orthodontic loading in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this study were to evaluate the stability of machined microimplant anchorage after immediate orthodontic loading in dogs and to ascertain clinical and histologic features.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty microimplants were placed in the buccal sides of the maxillae and mandibles of 4 dogs, including the interradicular area. Superelastic nickel-titanium coil springs were activated between 24 pairs of reciprocally loaded implants, producing a force of 200 g, and the remaining 12 unloaded implants served as controls. The distance between 2 microimplants was measured at the beginning and the end of loading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Success rates were 89.58% in the loaded group and 75% in the unloaded group (P > 0.05). The mean displacements of the loaded microimplants were 0.98 mm (+/-0.57) in the maxilla and 0.53 mm (+/-0.48) in the mandible. Extrusion and tipping were seen in areas of thin cortical bone in both jaws. Histologic analysis showed remodeling at the periosteal bone was slightly more active in the loaded specimens than in the controls. There was no statistically significant difference in bone and implant contact values of the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediate loading does not affect osseointegration of orthodontic microimplants, but the anchorage unit is not always absolutely stationary.
authors: Oral Department, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Sung Taek
authors: ST
authors: Kang
authors: Seong-Min
authors: SM
authors: Bae
authors: Hee-Moon
authors: HM
authors: Kyung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D001863:Bone Screws; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D016348:Osseointegration; D013718:Tensile Strength