title: Higher sea fish intake is associated with greater bone mass and lower osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal Chinese women.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  We examined the cross-sectional association of the intakes of different types of fishes with bone mass and osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal Chinese women. We found that higher intake of sea fish is independently associated with greater bone mass and lower osteoporosis risk among postmenopausal Chinese women.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Fish contains many important nutrients that are beneficial on bone health, but limited data on the relationship between fish intake and bone health are available. We examined the association of the intakes of different types of fishes with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) and osteoporosis risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 685 postmenopausal Chinese women. Habitual dietary intakes were assessed using food frequency questionnaire. BMD and BMC at the whole body, lumbar spine, and left hip were measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for the potential confounders, we observed dose-dependent relations between sea fish intake and BMDs, BMCs, and osteoporosis risk; the mean BMDs were 3.2-6.8% higher, and BMCs 5.1-9.4% higher in the top quintile groups (Q5) of sea fish intake than in the bottom quintile (Q1) at the whole body and hip sites (p < 0.05); the odds ratios (95% confidence interval (CI)) for osteoporosis (T-score < -2.5) in Q5 were 0.23 (0.08-0.66), 0.12 (0.03-0.59), and 0.06 (0.01-0.44) compared with those in Q1 at the whole body, total hip, and femur neck, respectively. No independent association between consumption of freshwater fish or shellfish and bone mass was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher intake of sea fish is independently associated with greater bone mass and lower osteoporosis risk among postmenopausal Chinese women.
authors: Department of Community and Family Medicine, and Centre of Research and Promotion of Women's Health, School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors: Y-m
authors: YM
authors: Chen
authors: S C
authors: SC
authors: Ho
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Lam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000886:Anthropometry; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017747:Seafood / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*