title: The genetic architecture of maize flowering time.
abstract: Flowering time is a complex trait that controls adaptation of plants to their local environment in the outcrossing species Zea mays (maize). We dissected variation for flowering time with a set of 5000 recombinant inbred lines (maize Nested Association Mapping population, NAM). Nearly a million plants were assayed in eight environments but showed no evidence for any single large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Instead, we identified evidence for numerous small-effect QTLs shared among families; however, allelic effects differ across founder lines. We identified no individual QTLs at which allelic effects are determined by geographic origin or large effects for epistasis or environmental interactions. Thus, a simple additive model accurately predicts flowering time for maize, in contrast to the genetic architecture observed in the selfing plant species rice and Arabidopsis.
authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), USA. esb33@cornell.edu
authors: Edward S
authors: ES
authors: Buckler
authors: James B
authors: JB
authors: Holland
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Bradbury
authors: Charlotte B
authors: CB
authors: Acharya
authors: Patrick J
authors: PJ
authors: Brown
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Browne
authors: Elhan
authors: E
authors: Ersoz
authors: Sherry
authors: S
authors: Flint-Garcia
authors: Arturo
authors: A
authors: Garcia
authors: Jeffrey C
authors: JC
authors: Glaubitz
authors: Major M
authors: MM
authors: Goodman
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Harjes
authors: Kate
authors: K
authors: Guill
authors: Dallas E
authors: DE
authors: Kroon
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Larsson
authors: Nicholas K
authors: NK
authors: Lepak
authors: Huihui
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Sharon E
authors: SE
authors: Mitchell
authors: Gael
authors: G
authors: Pressoir
authors: Jason A
authors: JA
authors: Peiffer
authors: Marco Oropeza
authors: MO
authors: Rosas
authors: Torbert R
authors: TR
authors: Rocheford
authors: M Cinta
authors: MC
authors: Romay
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Romero
authors: Stella
authors: S
authors: Salvo
authors: Hector
authors: H
authors: Sanchez Villeda
authors: H Sofia
authors: HS
authors: da Silva
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Sun
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Tian
authors: Narasimham
authors: N
authors: Upadyayula
authors: Doreen
authors: D
authors: Ware
authors: Heather
authors: H
authors: Yates
authors: Jianming
authors: J
authors: Yu
authors: Zhiwu
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Kresovich
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: McMullen
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D005787:Gene Frequency; D017343:Genes, Plant; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D007178:Inbreeding; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D013997:Time Factors; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology