title: Eruptive keratoacanthoma-type squamous cell carcinomas in patients taking sorafenib for the treatment of solid tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protein kinases (PKs) are indispensable for most cellular processes, and deregulation of PKs can lead to activation of oncogenic and anti-apoptotic pathways and immune dysregulation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the development of keratoacanthoma (KA)-type squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in patients treated with the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib for the treatment of solid tumors, to present the possible mechanisms for induction of these SCCs, and to discuss the implications for discontinuation of therapy and possible cotherapies to decrease this side effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients taking the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib for the treatment of solid tumors who developed multiple KA-type SCCs, which continued to develop while the patients were undergoing therapy but stopped with discontinuation of sorafenib.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report is limited because it is a retrospective study that included only patients who developed multiple KA-type SCCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Development of cutaneous SCCs appears to be a side effect limited to sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that inhibits not only multiple tyrosine kinases (TKs), but also the serine-threonine kinase Raf. The incidence of cutaneous SCCs does not appear greater with multikinase inhibitors that inhibit only TKs.
authors: Quest Diagnostics, Tucker, Georgia 30084, USA.
authors: Kathleen J
authors: KJ
authors: Smith
authors: Heather
authors: H
authors: Haley
authors: Sate
authors: S
authors: Hamza
authors: Henry G
authors: HG
authors: Skelton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007636:Keratoacanthoma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D000077157:Sorafenib
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib