title: Comparative and evolutionary aspects of macromolecular translocation across membranes.
abstract: Membrane barriers preserve the integrity of organelles of eukaryotic cells, yet the genesis and ongoing functions of the same organelles requires that their limiting membranes allow import and export of selected macromolecules. Multiple distinct mechanisms are used for this purpose, only some of which have been traced to prokaryotes. Some can accommodate both monomeric and also large heterooligomeric cargoes. The best characterized of these is nucleocytoplasmic transport. This synthesis compares the unidirectional and bidirectional mechanisms of macromolecular transport of the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisomes and the nucleus, calls attention to the powerful experimental approaches which have been used for their elucidation, discusses their regulation and evolutionary origins, and highlights relatively unexplored areas.
authors: Department of Pathology & Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. amt10@case.edu
authors: Alan M
authors: AM
authors: Tartakoff
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Tao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances