title: Interleukin-10 production by Th1 cells requires interleukin-12-induced STAT4 transcription factor and ERK MAP kinase activation by high antigen dose.
abstract: CD4(+) T cells producing interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are reported in chronic infections. However, the signals that direct the development of IL-10-producing T helper 1 (Th1) cells are undefined. We showed that development of IL-10-producing Th1 cells required high T cell receptor (TCR) ligation, sustained ERK1 and ERK2 MAP kinases phosphorylation, and IL-12-induced STAT4 transcription factor activation. Repeated TCR triggering led to enhanced IL-10 production by Th1 cells, and continued IL-12 action and high-dose TCR signaling were required for the development and maintenance of IL-10-producing Th1 cells. Although Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells require the activation of distinct STATs for their differentiation, activation of ERK1 and ERK2 was a common requirement for production of IL-10 by all Th cell subsets. IL-10 expression also correlated with c-maf expression. Despite having distinct functions in protection against pathogens, all Th cells share the important task of controlling overexuberant immune responses by means of IL-10 production.
authors: Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK.
authors: Margarida
authors: M
authors: Saraiva
authors: Jillian R
authors: JR
authors: Christensen
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Veldhoen
authors: Theresa L
authors: TL
authors: Murphy
authors: Kenneth M
authors: KM
authors: Murphy
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: O'Garra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051257:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C495608:Maf protein, mouse; C111390:OVA 323-339; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D051257:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D010047:Ovalbumin; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases