title: Protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract from rhizomes of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. on compensated right heart failure in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rhizomes of Cynodon dactylon are used for the treatment of heart failure in folk medicine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of C. dactylon rhizomes on cardiac contractility in normal hearts and on cardiac functions in right-heart failure in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Right-heart failure was induced by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (50 mg/kg). Two weeks later, the animals were treated orally with different doses of the extract for fifteen days. At the end of the experiments cardiac functions and markers of myocardial hypertrophy were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treated rats showed very less signs of fatigue, peripheral cyanosis and dyspnea. The survival rate was high in the extract treated groups (90%). Administration of C. dactylon in monocrotaline-injected rats led to profound improvement in cardiac functions as demonstrated by decreased right ventricular end diastolic pressure (RVEDP) and elevated mean arterial pressure. RVdP/dtmax, and RVdP/dt/P as indices of myocardial contractility were also markedly (p < 0.001; using one way ANOVA) increased by the extract. The extract reduced heart and lung congestion by decreasing tissue wet/dry and wet/body weight ratios (p < 0.01). In the isolated rat hearts, the extract produced a remarkable (P < 0.001) positive inotropic effect concomitant with a parallel decrease in LVEDP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicated that C. dactylon exerted a strong protective effect on right heart failure, in part by positive inotropic action and improving cardiac functions.
authors: Department of pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. garjania2002@yahoo.com
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Garjani
authors: Arash
authors: A
authors: Afrooziyan
authors: Hossein
authors: H
authors: Nazemiyeh
authors: Moslem
authors: M
authors: Najafi
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Kharazmkia
authors: Nasrin
authors: N
authors: Maleki-Dizaji
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D031744:Cynodon; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D016686:Monocrotaline; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027343:Rhizome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016686:Monocrotaline