title: Cloacal papillomatosis in the absence of herpesvirus and papillomavirus in a sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita).
abstract: METHODS
  A 21-year-old male sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) was presented following the sudden appearance of blood associated with the passage of faeces and urates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was fresh blood-staining of the feathers around the vent. The dorsal mucosal wall of the proctodeum was erythematous and roughened in appearance. An endoscopic biopsy was performed, and histological examination revealed multiple fronds of epithelium; the mucosa varied from simple to pseudostratified columnar epithelium, with diffuse hyperplasia of goblet cells. The underlying connective tissue stroma was well vascularised and was infiltrated with mixed inflammatory cells, comprising granulocytic cells and macrophages. PCR testing for both herpesvirus and papillomavirus, using consensus primers, was negative.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cloacal papillomatosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case manifested typical clinical signs and histological lesions of cloacal papillomatosis in the absence of demonstrable herpesvirus or papillomavirus. Veterinarians need to consider this disease in the differential diagnosis of blood in the droppings of parrots and cockatoos even in countries where psittacine herpesviruses are exotic diseases.
authors: New Zealand Wildlife Health Centre, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. b.gartrell@massey.ac.nz
authors: B D
authors: BD
authors: Gartrell
authors: K J
authors: KJ
authors: Morgan
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Howe
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Munday
authors: A M J
authors: AM
authors: McFadden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002988:Cloaca / Q000473:pathology*; D046410:Cockatoos; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005243:Feces / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D010212:Papilloma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome