title: Laparoscopic fundoplication compared with medical management for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: cost effectiveness study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the long term costs, health benefits, and cost effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery compared with those of continued medical management for patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated resource use and costs for the first year on the basis of data from the REFLUX trial. A Markov model was used to extrapolate cost and health benefit over a lifetime using data collected in the REFLUX trial and other sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model compared laparoscopic surgery and continued proton pump inhibitors in male patients aged 45 and stable on GORD medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic surgery versus continued medical management.
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated quality adjusted life years and GORD related costs to the health service over a lifetime. Sensitivity analyses considered other plausible scenarios, in particular size and duration of treatment effect and the GORD symptoms of patients in whom surgery is unsuccessful. Main results The base case model indicated that surgery is likely to be considered cost effective on average with an incremental cost effectiveness ratio of pound2648 (euro3110; US$4385) per quality adjusted life year and that the probability that surgery is cost effective is 0.94 at a threshold incremental cost effectiveness ratio of pound20 000. The results were sensitive to some assumptions within the extrapolation modelling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery seems to be more cost effective on average than medical management in many of the scenarios examined in this study. Surgery might not be cost effective if the treatment effect does not persist over the long term, if patients who return to medical management have poor health related quality of life, or if proton pump inhibitors were cheaper. Further follow-up of patients from the REFLUX trial may be valuable.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN15517081.
authors: Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Epstein
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Bojke
authors: Mark J
authors: MJ
authors: Sculpher
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors