Perceptions of need and help received for substance dependence in a national probability survey.
OBJECTIVE
Most individuals with alcohol or other substance use disorders do not seek help for these problems. This study examined the factors associated with perceptions of need for help and receipt of help among individuals with alcohol or other substance dependence disorders in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).


METHODS
The 2001-2002 NESARC surveyed a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population in the United States. Individuals with a past-year substance dependence diagnosis (N=1,602) were classified into one of three groups: received help in the past year (14.7%), perceived a need for help but did not receive it (8.5%), or perceived no need and received no help (76.8%). Multinomial logistic regression with population weights was used to examine the influence of predisposing, enabling, and need-related factors on help seeking in the past year.


RESULTS
Factors that increased the receipt of help included older age, drug dependence (versus alcohol dependence only), longer time since the onset of dependence, co-occurring mood disorder, and more problems associated with substance use. Nonwhites were about twice as likely as whites (odds ratio=2.2) to perceive a need for help but not receive it. Similarly, more problems associated with substance use increased the odds of both receiving help and perceiving a need for help but not receiving it. None of the enabling characteristics were associated with help seeking or perceived need, after analyses controlled for predisposing and need-related factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Increasing the recognition of problems associated with substance dependence, particularly alcohol, may facilitate help seeking, although barriers persist in regard to age and race-ethnicity.
Grella
Christine E
CE
University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 1640 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. grella@ucla.edu
Karno
Mitchell P
MP
Warda
Umme S
US
Moore
Alison A
AA
Niv
Noosha
N
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult