title: Distal upper and lower limb fractures associated with thiazolidinedione use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if patients with diabetes mellitus taking a thiazolidinedione experienced higher proportions of distal upper and lower limb fractures compared with those not taking a thiazolidinedione, as recent US Food and Drug Administration safety alerts suggested.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 3-year cross-sectional study used medical and pharmacy claims from a large southeastern managed care organization for continuously enrolled members from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 29,284 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 18 to 64 years were allocated to mutually exclusive study groups of thiazolidinedione users versus thiazolidinedione nonusers and thiazolidinedione type (pioglitazone hydrochloride, rosiglitazone maleate, or a combination). chi(2) Tests were used to determine if fracture proportions for thiazolidinedione users differed from those of thiazolidinedione nonusers and if thiazolidinedione type was significant. Multivariate logistic regression models and backward stepwise elimination algorithms were constructed to evaluate associations of fracture proportions with age, sex, and chronicity of drug use for 7462 members using a thiazolidinedione.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SE) fracture proportions were significantly higher for thiazolidinedione users (5.1% [0.5%]) versus nonusers (4.5% [0.3%]) (P = .03). Fracture proportions did not differ by thiazolidinedione type (P = .86). Overall, women experienced a higher mean (SE) proportion of fractures compared with men (6.0% [0.4%] vs 3.5% [0.3%]) (P <.001), regardless of thiazolidinedione use. On average, the odds of experiencing a fracture for women using a thiazolidinedione increased 2% for every year increase in age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with diabetes using thiazolidinediones, regardless of type, had higher proportions of distal upper and lower limb fractures compared with those not using thiazolidinediones. Fracture proportions were higher among women and increased with age.
authors: BlueCross and BlueShield of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37402, USA. stephen_jones@bcbst.com
authors: Stephen G
authors: SG
authors: Jones
authors: Soyal R
authors: SR
authors: Momin
authors: Matthew W
authors: MW
authors: Good
authors: Terence K
authors: TK
authors: Shea
authors: Kenneth
authors: K
authors: Patric
mesh_terms: D001134:Arm Injuries; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D007869:Leg Injuries; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000191:economics; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones