title: A 10-year retrospective review of a nonrandomized cohort of 458 patients undergoing radical radiotherapy or cystectomy in Yorkshire, UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously reported on the mortality, morbidity, and 5-year survival of 458 patients who underwent radical radiotherapy or surgery for invasive bladder cancer in Yorkshire from 1993 to 1996. We aim to present the 10-year outcomes of these patients and to reassess factors predicting survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Northern and Yorkshire Cancer Registry identified 458 patients whose cases were subjected to Kaplan-Meier all-cause survival analyses, and a retrospective casenote analysis was undertaken on 398 (87%) for univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling. Additional proportional hazards regression modeling was used to assess the statistical significance of variables on overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of radiotherapy to cystectomy was 3:1. There was no significant difference in overall 10-year survival between those who underwent radiotherapy (22%) and radical cystectomy (24%). Univariate analyses suggested that female sex, performance status, hydronephrosis and clinical T stage, were associated with an inferior outcome at 10 years. Patient age, tumor grade, treatment delay, and caseload factors were not significant. Multivariate analysis models were created for 0-2 and 2-10 years after treatment. There were no significant differences in treatment for 0-2 years; however, after 2 years follow-up there was some evidence of increased survival for patients receiving surgery compared with radiotherapy (hazard ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.44-1.01, p = 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  a 10-year minimum follow-up has rarely been reported after radical treatment for invasive bladder cancer. At 10 years, there was no statistical difference in all-cause survival between surgery and radiotherapy treatment modalities.
authors: Department of Urology, Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust, Pinderfields Hospital, Aberford Road, Wakefield, UK. nic@munron.plus.com
authors: Nicholas P
authors: NP
authors: Munro
authors: Subramnian K
authors: SK
authors: Sundaram
authors: Philip M T
authors: PM
authors: Weston
authors: Lesley
authors: L
authors: Fairley
authors: Simon C W
authors: SC
authors: Harrison
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Forman
authors: Rohit
authors: R
authors: Chahal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000150:complications; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D006113:United Kingdom; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*