title: Dysphagia in acute tetraplegics: a retrospective study.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Swallowing disorder in patients with tetraplegia represents a problem. Incidence and clinical data were examined to determine the influencing factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level I trauma Center, Berlin, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study (1 September 1997-31 December 2002) on hospitalized patients with acute tetraplegia. The patients' swallowing ability was examined both clinically and endoscopically, and the results correlated with clinical data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 175 patients (144 (82.29%) male patients and 31 (17.71%) female patients (4.6:1) were studied. The peak age groups (43.45, +/-18.98, 14-89 years) were 20-30 years and over 60 years. C4-C6 were most commonly affected. Tetraplegia was trauma-related in 147 (84%) patients. Twenty-eight (16.0%) patients appeared to be suffering from a swallowing disorder on first feeding, 23 (82.14%) patients with dysphagia were tracheotomized. The level of tetraplegia (chi (2)=19.8; P<0.05), tracheotomy (chi (2)=21.7; P<0.05) and the duration of ventilation (chi (2)=24.84, P<0.05) were all found to be statistically significant factors in the development of a swallowing disorder. Age, surgical approach, level of tetraplegia, severity of paralysis and the need for tracheotomy were predictive of dysphagia in 73.14% patients. Five patients with dysphagia died (because of causes other than dysphagia) and 10 patients were discharged with a feeding tube.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No single trigger for a swallowing disorder in acute tetraplegia was found. A combination of multiple factors (level of tetraplegia, severity of paralysis, tracheotomy, accompanying injuries and accompanying illnesses) restricts swallowing and compensation of changes, to the extent that a swallowing disorder becomes apparent.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology at Unfallkrankenhaus, Berlin, Germany. ROSeidl@UKB.DE
authors: R O
authors: RO
authors: Seidl
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Nusser-Müller-Busch
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kurzweil
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Niedeggen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003422:Critical Care; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D014140:Tracheotomy; D055815:Young Adult