title: Three-dimensional ultrasonographic depiction of fetal abdominal blood vessels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify fetal abdominal vasculature with 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography and to describe a systematic method for analysis of volume data sets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional volumes of the fetal abdomen were acquired prospectively in 30 patients between 15 and 34 weeks' gestation with color Doppler, high-definition (HD) flow, power Doppler, and B-flow imaging. All volumes were analyzed offline by 2 examiners separately. The feasibility of identifying the fetal abdominal blood vessels was analyzed. A standardized approach was applied to identify specific vessels by correlating the images with known anatomic landmarks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The volumes were rotated into an anatomic orientation in the multiplanar mode, and then the vessels were identified in the following order: aorta (30 of 30), celiac trunk (29 of 30), superior mesenteric vein (28 of 30 and 26 of 30 for readers 1 and 2, respectively), superior mesenteric artery (29 of 30), left renal artery (25 of 30 and 26 of 30), right renal artery (27 of 30), common iliac arteries (30 of 30), umbilical arteries (26 of 27), external iliac arteries (20 of 22), umbilical vein (29 of 30), ductus venosus (30 of 30), hepatic vein (29 of 30), right portal vein (29 of 30), inferior vena cava (28 of 30), adrenal artery (2 of 30), hepatic artery (24 of 30 and 23 of 30), splenic artery (24 of 30 and 23 of 30), gastric artery (14 of 30 and 9 of 30), splenic vein (19 of 30 and 15 of 30), and renal vein (1 of 30). A step-by-step systematic approach to identify the abdominal vasculature from the ultrasonographic volume data set was developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal abdominal vessels can be easily visualized when a systematic analysis is performed on 3D data set volumes. Visualization of the vessels was optimal when volumes were acquired with HD flow imaging.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621 Ramat Gan, Israel. gindesl@zahav.net.il
authors: Liat
authors: L
authors: Gindes
authors: Dolores H
authors: DH
authors: Pretorius
authors: Lorene E
authors: LE
authors: Romine
authors: Menashe
authors: M
authors: Kfir
authors: Deborah
authors: D
authors: D'Agostini
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Hull
authors: Reuven
authors: R
authors: Achiron
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*; D014680:Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*