title: Esophageal stricture after radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer: experience of a single institution over 2 treatment periods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Risk factors for development of a stricture of the upper esophagus after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer are poorly defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective case-control study of patients diagnosed and treated for esophageal stricture after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of esophageal stricture after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) was 3.3%. Seventy patients with stricture and 66 patients without stricture were identified. A multivariate analysis showed that there was increased risk of stricture in receiving enteral feeding during EBRT or in receiving a mean dose of >45 Gy to the upper esophagus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enteral feeding during EBRT is strongly associated with the development of stricture of the esophagus, as is a mean dose of >45 Gy to the upper esophagus. Treatment of the stricture with Savary-Gilliard bougienage or through scope balloon dilatation is safe and successful but often has to be repeated.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. alexander.ahlberg@karolinska.se
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Ahlberg
authors: Massoud
authors: M
authors: al-Abany
authors: Eleftheria
authors: E
authors: Alevronta
authors: Signe
authors: S
authors: Friesland
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Hellborg
authors: Panayiotis
authors: P
authors: Mavroidis
authors: Bengt K
authors: BK
authors: Lind
authors: Göran
authors: G
authors: Laurell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000379:methods; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome