title: Validation of a Hartmann-Moiré wavefront sensor with large dynamic range.
abstract: Our goal was to validate the accuracy, repeatability, sensitivity, and dynamic range of a Hartmann-Moiré (HM) wavefront sensor (PixelOptics, Inc.) designed for ophthalmic applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testing apparatus injected a 4 mm diameter monochromatic (532 nm) beam of light into the wavefront sensor for measurement. Controlled amounts of defocus and astigmatism were introduced into the beam with calibrated spherical (-20D to + 18D) and cylindrical (-8D to + 8D) lenses. Repeatability was assessed with three repeated measurements within a 2-minute period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlation coefficients between mean wavefront measurements (n = 3) and expected wavefront vergence for both sphere and cylinder lenses were >0.999. For spherical lenses, the sensor was accurate to within 0.1D over the range from -20D to + 18D. For cylindrical lenses, the sensor was accurate to within 0.1D over the range from -8D to + 8D. The primary limitation to demonstrating an even larger dynamic range was the increasingly critical requirements for optical alignment. Sensitivity to small changes of vergence was constant over the instrument's full dynamic range. Repeatability of measurements for fixed condition was within 0.01D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Hartmann-Moiré wavefront sensor measures defocus and astigmatism accurately and repeatedly with good sensitivity over a large dynamic range required for ophthalmic applications.
authors: School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA. weix@indiana.edu
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Wei
authors: Tony
authors: T
authors: Van Heugten
authors: Larry
authors: L
authors: Thibos
mesh_terms: D019781:Corneal Topography / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014159:Transducers