title: Safety and immunogenicity of a novel influenza subunit vaccine produced in mammalian cell culture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunization remains the best prevention strategy for influenza, but production constraints for egg-based influenza vaccines have prompted the development of innovative cell culture manufacturing processes. Here, we describe a novel cell culture-derived influenza vaccine (CCIV) produced in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  This phase 3, observer-blind, randomized, multicenter study in Poland compared the immunogenicity of a CCIV and a conventional egg-based vaccine. Participants, stratified by age (adults 18-60 years, n = 1300; elderly persons > or = 61 years, n = 1354), received a single intramuscular vaccination. Immunogenicity was assessed 21 days later by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Reactogenicity was assessed using self-completed diary cards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunogenicity of CCIV was noninferior to that of the conventional vaccine for all 3 vaccine strains in both age groups, regardless of underlying health status. Both vaccines fulfilled European Union registration criteria and were well tolerated, with similar incidences of solicited local and systemic reactions in both age groups; the only significant difference was an increased frequency of mild or moderate pain with CCIV than the conventional vaccine among adult (22% vs 17%; P < .05) and elderly (9% vs 5%; P < .001) vaccinees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCIV was well tolerated and highly immunogenic in adults 18 years of age or older. Cell culture may offer greater flexibility of supply during periods of high demand for both seasonal and pandemic vaccines.
authors: Center for Clinical Pharmacology Research, Monipol, Krakow, Poland.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Szymczakiewicz-Multanowska
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Groth
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Bugarini
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Lattanzi
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Casula
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Hilbert
authors: Theodore
authors: T
authors: Tsai
authors: Audino
authors: A
authors: Podda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002460:Cell Line; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit