title: Chromogranin-A and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: an excellent pair of biomarkers for diagnostics in patients with neuroendocrine tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For the last decade chromogranin-A (CgA) has been a well-established marker for neuroendocrine tumor (NET), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been a useful marker for left ventricular dysfunction. This study examined the diagnostic value of CgA and NT-proBNP for carcinoid heart disease (CHD), and their prognostic value for overall survival in NET patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were obtained and cardiac ultrasound studies performed in 102 NET patients. The criterion for mild and severe CHD was tricuspid regurgitation stage I/II and III/IV, respectively. Proportional odds and Cox proportional hazards models were constructed respectively to identify the association between CHD and overall survival with patient characteristics and the two markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Severe CHD was found in 15 (15%) of 102 patients, 13 of whom had elevated NT-proBNP levels. In the univariate proportional odds model CHD was correlated with age (P = .007), CgA (P = .002), and NT-proBNP (P < .001), whereas in the multivariate model NT-proBNP and CgA were significantly associated with CHD (P < .001 and P = .01). In the univariate Cox models, age (P = .04), sex (P = .03), CgA (P = .003), and NT-proBNP (P = .04) were related to overall survival, and in the multivariate model CgA and NT-proBNP remained significantly related to overall survival (P = .002 and P = .04, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NT-proBNP and CgA are very important markers in the diagnosis of CHD in patients with NET. Furthermore, patients with elevated NT-proBNP in addition to elevated CgA levels showed worse overall survival than patients with elevated CgA alone.
authors: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands. t.korse@nki.nl
authors: Catharina M
authors: CM
authors: Korse
authors: Babs G
authors: BG
authors: Taal
authors: Cornelis A
authors: CA
authors: de Groot
authors: Robert H
authors: RH
authors: Bakker
authors: Johannes M G
authors: JM
authors: Bonfrer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002275:Carcinoid Heart Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015592:Immunoradiometric Assay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053379:Chromogranin A; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain