title: Genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) and co-infections in cervical cytologic specimens from two outpatient gynecological clinics in a region of southeast Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution and co-infection occurrence was studied in cervical cytologic specimens from Murcia Region, (southeast Spain), to obtain information regarding the possible effect of the ongoing vaccination campaign against HPV16 and HPV18.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 458 cytologic specimens were obtained from two outpatient gynecological clinics. These included 288 normal benign (N/B) specimens, 56 atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 75 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 39 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). HPV genotyping was performed using PCR and tube array hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent genotype found was HPV16 (14.9% in N/B; 17.9% in ASC-US; 29.3% in LSIL and 33.3% HSIL). Distribution of other genotypes was heavily dependent on the cytologic diagnoses. Co-infections were found in 15.3% of N/B, 10.7% of ASC-US, 48% of LSIL and 25.6% of HSIL cases (significantly different at p < 0.001). Strikingly, in N/B diagnoses, genotypes from A5 species were found as coinfecting in all cases. Genotypes from A7 or A9 species appeared in co-infections in 56.5% and 54% respectively whereas genotypes from A6 species appeared in 25.1% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV vaccination might prevent 34.6% and 35.8% of LSIL and HSIL, respectively. Co-infection rate is dependent on both cytologic diagnosis and HPV genotype. Moreover, genotypes belonging to A5, A7 and A9 species are more often found as co-infections than genotype pertaining to A6 species. This suggests that phylogenetically related genotypes might have in common similar grades of dependency for cervical epithelium colonization.
authors: Grupo de Patología Molecular y Farmacogenética FFIS011, Hospital Universitario Santa María del Rosell, Cartagena, Spain. pablo.conesa@carm.es
authors: Pablo
authors: P
authors: Conesa-Zamora
authors: Sebastián
authors: S
authors: Ortiz-Reina
authors: Joaquín
authors: J
authors: Moya-Biosca
authors: Asunción
authors: A
authors: Doménech-Peris
authors: Francisco Javier
authors: FJ
authors: Orantes-Casado
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Pérez-Guillermo
authors: Marcos
authors: M
authors: Egea-Cortines
mesh_terms: D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral