title: Regulation of tartrate metabolism by TtdR and relation to the DcuS-DcuR-regulated C4-dicarboxylate metabolism of Escherichia coli.
abstract: Escherichia coli catabolizes L-tartrate under anaerobic conditions to oxaloacetate by the use of L-tartrate/succinate antiporter TtdT and L-tartrate dehydratase TtdAB. Subsequently, L-malate is channelled into fumarate respiration and degraded to succinate by the use of fumarase FumB and fumarate reductase FrdABCD. The genes encoding the latter pathway (dcuB, fumB and frdABCD) are transcriptionally activated by the DcuS-DcuR two-component system. Expression of the L-tartrate-specific ttdABT operon encoding TtdAB and TtdT was stimulated by the LysR-type gene regulator TtdR in the presence of L- and meso-tartrate, and repressed by O(2) and nitrate. Anaerobic expression required a functional fnr gene, and nitrate repression depended on NarL and NarP. Expression of ttdR, encoding TtdR, was repressed by O(2), nitrate and glucose, and positively regulated by TtdR and DcuS. Purified TtdR specifically bound to the ttdR-ttdA promoter region. TtdR was also required for full expression of the DcuS-DcuR-dependent dcuB gene in the presence of tartrate. Overall, expression of the ttdABT genes is subject to L-/meso-tartrate-dependent induction, and to aerobic and nitrate repression. The control is exerted directly at ttdA and in addition indirectly by regulating TtdR levels. TtdR recognizes a subgroup (L- and meso-tartrate) of the stimuli perceived by the sensor DcuS, which responds to all C(4)-dicarboxylates; both systems apparently communicate by mutual regulation of the regulatory genes.
authors: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Becherweg 15, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Ok Bin
authors: OB
authors: Kim
authors: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Becherweg 15, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Reimann
authors: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Becherweg 15, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Lukas
authors: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Becherweg 15, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Schumacher
authors: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Becherweg 15, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Grimpo
authors: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Becherweg 15, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Pia
authors: P
authors: Dünnwald
authors: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Becherweg 15, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Gottfried
authors: G
authors: Unden
mesh_terms: D017920:Antiporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006836:Hydro-Lyases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009876:Operon; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013644:Tartrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C115005:DcuR protein, E coli; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D009566:Nitrates; D013644:Tartrates; D014157:Transcription Factors; D011494:Protein Kinases; C469359:DcuS protein, E coli; D006836:Hydro-Lyases; C083087:L(+)-tartrate dehydratase; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen; C029768:tartaric acid