title: Mechanisms of infertility associated with clinical and subclinical endometritis in high producing dairy cattle.
abstract: Clinical and subclinical endometritis are common causes of infertility and subfertility in high producing dairy cattle, delaying the onset of ovarian cyclic activity after parturition, extending luteal phases and reducing conception rates. Escherichia coli and Arcanobacterium pyogenes cause endometrial damage and inflammation. Components of microbes, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are detected by Toll-like receptors on endometrial cells, leading to secretion of cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial peptides. Long luteal phases associated with endometritis are probably caused by a switch in endometrial prostaglandin production from prostaglandin F2a (PGF) to prostaglandin E2. In addition, LPS impairs the function of the hypothalamus and pituitary, and directly perturbs ovarian granulosa cells steroidogenesis, providing mechanisms to explain the association between uterine disease and anovulatory anoestrus. Cows with uterine disease that ovulate have lower peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations that may further reduce the chance of conception associated with endometritis.
authors: Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK. i.m.sheldon@swansea.ac.uk
authors: I M
authors: IM
authors: Sheldon
authors: S B
authors: SB
authors: Price
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Cronin
authors: R O
authors: RO
authors: Gilbert
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Gadsby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000858:Anovulation / Q000662:veterinary; D001424:Bacterial Infections; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004716:Endometritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007774:Lactation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D014777:Virus Diseases
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D011374:Progesterone