title: Maxillary reconstruction using a bipedicled osteocutaneous scapula flap.
abstract: When managing extensive maxillary defects it is difficult to provide a stable biomechanical frame for prostheses, and obturators are difficult to use. This study reviews cases involving angular branch artery pedicled scapular bone flaps (SBF) combined with or without latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap (LDMF). Between 2004 and 2007, four wide maxillary defects were repaired using the angular vascularized branch of the scapular bone. Tumor resection with immediate reconstruction using combined LDMF and angular artery pedicled SBF was used in 3 cases and angular artery pedicled SBF alone in 1 case. Follow up was 6 months to 2 years. Satisfactory results were obtained for facial contour, appearance, speech, deglutition and breathing. No donor site complications or restricted shoulder movements were detected. The only complication was a minor infection of one flap. This procedure is useful, functionally and aesthetically, for reconstruction of wide extensive maxillary defects as bone supplied by the angular branch has a wider arc of rotation in relation to skin flaps and has a longer pedicle length from the axillary artery, long enough to reach the maxilla. This procedure also benefits from the flexibility of the soft tissue pedicle, such as the latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior and fasciocutaneous flaps.
authors: Division of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu, 803-8580 Japan. yoshioka@kyu-dent.ac.jp
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Yoshioka
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Yamashita
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Khanal
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kodama
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Takahashi
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Tominaga
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000564:Ameloblastoma / Q000601:surgery; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face; D005205:Fascia / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008441:Maxillary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012119:Respiration; D012540:Scapula; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome