title: An antenatally diagnosed rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder treated without extensive surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A female fetus was followed up from week 30 of gestation after bilateral hydroureteronephrosis and a large pelvic mass were detected on fetal imaging. At birth, the patient had high respiratory rate, a palpable bladder up to the umbilicus and a large pelvic mass, which compressed the anorectal wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal ultrasonography, fetal magnetic resonance urography, pelvic examination, full hematologic investigation, blood culture, abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography, abdominal and pelvic spiral CT, measurement of serum tumor marker levels, pathologic examination of the excised specimen, pelvic MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Botryoid subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma occupying most of the bladder and protruding through the urethra, with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Catheterization on the second day of life improved the patient's renal function, but her general condition remained unstable and surgical intervention was deferred. On the fourth day, gross hematuria and decreased urinary output were observed, which rapidly progressed to anuria, and she underwent transurethral resection of the protruding part of the tumor and bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy. Subsequently, she received chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D and ifosfamide, and was followed up with serial imaging. At 18 months, MRI showed no evidence of residual tumor, and cystoscopic biopsy confirmed the absence of viable tumor; chemotherapy was stopped. She had no sign of recurrence 24 months after ending chemotherapy.
authors: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors: Shadi Abdar
authors: SA
authors: Esfahani
authors: Laleh
authors: L
authors: Montaser-Kouhsari
authors: Parisa
authors: P
authors: Saeedi
authors: Zhina
authors: Z
authors: Sadeghi
authors: Abdol-Mohammad
authors: AM
authors: Kajbafzadeh
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents