title: Differential effects of chronic ethanol consumption and withdrawal on homer/glutamate receptor expression in subregions of the accumbens and amygdala of P rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Homer proteins are constituents of scaffolding complexes that regulate the trafficking and function of central Group1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Research supports the involvement of these proteins in ethanol-induced neuroplasticity in mouse. In this study, we examined the effects of short versus long-term withdrawal from chronic ethanol consumption on Homer and glutamate receptor protein expression within striatal and amygdala subregions of selectively bred, alcohol-preferring P rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 6 months, male P rats had concurrent access to 15% and 30% ethanol solutions under intermittent (IA: 4 d/wk) or continuous (CA: 7 d/wk) access conditions in their home cage. Rats were killed 24 hours (short withdrawal: SW) or 4 weeks (long withdrawal: LW) after termination of ethanol access, subregions of interest were micropunched and tissue processed for detection of Group1 mGluRs, NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor and Homer protein expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the nucleus accumbens (NAC), limited changes in NR2a and NR2b expression were detected in the shell (NACsh), whereas substantial changes were observed for Homer2a/b, mGluRs as well as NR2a and NR2b subunits in the core (NACc). Within the amygdala, no changes were detected in the basolateral subregion, whereas substantial changes, many paralleling those observed in the NACc, were detected in the central nucleus (CeA) subregion. In addition, most of the changes observed in the CeA, but not NACc, were present in both SW and LW rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these subregion specific, ethanol-induced increases in mGluR/Homer2/NR2 expression within the NAC and amygdala suggest changes in glutamatergic plasticity had taken place. This may be a result of learning and subsequent memory formation of ethanol's rewarding effects in these brain structures, which may, in part, mediate the chronic relapsing nature of alcohol abuse.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
authors: Ilona
authors: I
authors: Obara
authors: Richard L
authors: RL
authors: Bell
authors: Scott P
authors: SP
authors: Goulding
authors: Cindy M
authors: CM
authors: Reyes
authors: Lindsay A
authors: LA
authors: Larson
authors: Alexis W
authors: AW
authors: Ary
authors: William A
authors: WA
authors: Truitt
authors: Karen K
authors: KK
authors: Szumlinski
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D008032:Limbic System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; C000606625:Homer2 protein, mouse; C000606626:Homer2 protein, rat; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D000431:Ethanol