title: Synthesis and characterization of N,N'-carbonyl difatty amides from palm oil.
abstract: N,N'-Carbonyl difatty amides (CDFAs) have been synthesized from palm oil using sodium ethoxide as catalyst. Ethyl fatty esters (EFEs) were produced as a by-product as well as glycerol. The synthesis was carried out by reflux palm oil and urea in presence of ethanol. In this process, palm oil gave 79% pure CDFAs after 8 hours and molar ratio of urea to palm oil was 6.2: 1 at 78 degrees C. Both CDFAs and EFEs have been characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. emadaalmulla@yahoo.com
authors: Emad A Jaffar
authors: EA
authors: Al-Mulla
authors: Wan Md Zin Wan
authors: WM
authors: Yunus
authors: Nor Azowa Bt
authors: NA
authors: Ibrahim
authors: Mohd Zaki A
authors: MZ
authors: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; C098088:sodium ethoxide; D000431:Ethanol; D000073878:Palm Oil; D014508:Urea