title: Late recognition of pregnancy as a predictor of adverse birth outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between the time of recognition of pregnancy and birth outcomes, such as premature births, low birthweight (LBW), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and infant mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A secondary analysis was performed using the Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS) multistate data from 2000-2004. The sample consisted of 136,373 women who had a live childbirth. Analysis involved multiple logistic regression models, appropriately weighted for point and variance estimation to reflect the complex survey design of the PRAMS using STATA 9.2 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 27.6% recognized their pregnancy late (after 6 weeks of gestation). Late recognition was significantly associated with an increased odds of having premature births (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 99% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.19), LBW (OR, 1.08; 99% CI, 1.01-1.15), and NICU admissions (OR, 1.12; 99% CI, 1.03-1.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide a rationale and an impetus for developing interventions that promote early recognition of pregnancy.
authors: Department of Nursing, Calvin College, 1734 Knollcrest Circle SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA. aba3@calvin.edu
authors: Adejoke B
authors: AB
authors: Ayoola
authors: Manfred
authors: M
authors: Stommel
authors: Mary D
authors: MD
authors: Nettleman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000523:psychology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult