[Stem cell therapy for corneal defects].
BACKGROUND
The healing process of corneal defects requires functioning limbus stem cells. Their loss will lead to secondary wound healing problems. Stem cell research offers new treatment options.


METHODS
A Medline search of the U. S. National Library of Medicine was carried out.


RESULTS
The autologous limbus stem cell transplantation is currently the treatment of choice. Amniotic membrane transplantation, previously settled with limbus stem cells, is a clinically proven method. In animal experiments bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells or epidermal stem cells can be used to improve healing of corneal defects. Adipose-derived stem cells may support the regenerative ability of the cornea as well. Moreover, membrane transplantation of epithelial cells from the buccal mucosa cultivated in vitro was clinically tested.


CONCLUSIONS
Limbus stem cell failure of both eye is the limiting factor for autologous limbus stem cell transplantation. Epithelial cells, epidermal stem cells, bone marrow- or adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote the regeneration of the cornea and have become established for the treatment of corneal defects. Additionally, mesenchymal stem cells offer the advantage of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects.
Schilimow
A
A
Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum Region Hannover, Klinikum Nordstadt.
Wiechens
B
B
D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*