title: The potential for interaction of hydrochlorothiazide with garlic in rats.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) with garlic homogenate (GH), in rats. The influence of garlic on pharmacokinetics of HCTZ was studied by HPLC method, while pharmacodynamic interaction was studied using diuretic activity, ECG and BP changes and isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial injury. HCTZ was given orally at 10mg/kg and GH was administered at three different doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o. The CK-MB, LDH, SOD, catalase and histopathological studies were carried out. The administration of HCTZ in GH pretreated rats found to decrease the QRS duration, RR interval, QT segment, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, serum potassium level, serum LDH and serum CK-MB activities significantly. The diuretic effect of HCTZ was significantly increased in presence of GH; however, kaliuresis was significantly reduced in presence of GH 250 mg/kg. Histopathological studies of heart tissue reveal the protective effect of GH 250 mg/kg in presence or absence of HCTZ during ISO stress to myocardium. The pharmacokinetic studies show that GH increases the bioavailability and half-life, along with decrease in clearance and elimination rate of HCTZ when administered orally. It was concluded that careful addition of garlic in moderate doses might result in beneficial effect during treatment of hypertension in patients with myocardial stress as garlic causes substantial fall in excretion of potassium when compared to HCTZ alone treatment in rats. This could be important in reducing the dose of HCTZ to achieve enhanced therapeutic effect with minimal adverse effect.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Varthur Hobli, Chikkabellandur Village, Carmalaram Post, Bangalore 560035, India. basheer_1@rediffmail.com
authors: Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin
authors: SM
authors: Asdaq
authors: Mohammed Naseeruddin
authors: MN
authors: Inamdar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D005737:Garlic; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004573:Electrolytes; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide