title: Psychotropic medication use and risk of adverse cardiovascular events in women with suspected coronary artery disease: outcomes from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the relation between psychotropic medication use and adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in women with symptoms of myocardial ischaemia undergoing coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women enrolled in the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) were classified into one of four groups according to their reported antidepressant and anxiolytic medication usage at study intake: (1) no medication (n = 352); (2) anxiolytics only (n = 67); (3) antidepressants only (n = 58); and (4) combined antidepressant and anxiolytics (n = 39). Participants were followed prospectively for the development of adverse CV events (for example, hospitalisations for non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure and unstable angina) or all-cause mortality over a median of 5.9 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of antidepressant medication was associated with subsequent CV events (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.93) and death (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.98) but baseline anxiolytic use alone did not predict subsequent CV events and death. In a final regression model that included demographics, depression and anxiety symptoms, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, women in the combined medication group (that is, antidepressants and anxiolytics) had higher risk for CV events (HR 3.98, CI 1.74 to 9.10, p = 0.001 and all-cause mortality (HR 4.70, CI 1.7 to 2.97, p = 0.003) compared to those using neither medication. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that there was a significant difference in mortality among the four medication groups (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that factors related to psychotropic medication such as depression refractory to treatment, or medication use itself, are associated with adverse CV events in women with suspected myocardial ischaemia.
authors: Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. dskrantz@usuhs.mil
authors: D S
authors: DS
authors: Krantz
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Whittaker
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Francis
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Rutledge
authors: B D
authors: BD
authors: Johnson
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Barrow
authors: C
authors: C
authors: McClure
authors: D S
authors: DS
authors: Sheps
authors: K
authors: K
authors: York
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Cornell
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Bittner
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Vaccarino
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Eteiba
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Parashar
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Vido
authors: C N Bairey
authors: CN
authors: Merz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002423:Cause of Death; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000928:Antidepressive Agents