Antiphospholipid syndrome review.
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder presenting with tissue injury in various organs attributed to large or small vessel thrombosis or, in some instances, possible nonthrombotic inflammatory mechanisms, associated with in vitro evidence of antibodies to certain proteins, or proteinphospholipid complexes. Although the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of APS may seem clear and straightforward from a distance, closer inspection reveals a more complex, incomplete, and uncertain image. This article reviews the evolution of APS from the first description of lupus anticoagulant to the current criteria used to guide clinical research, critiques laboratory methods used to identify autoantibodies, comments on prognosis and management, and summarizes insights into the pathophysiology of this elusive disorder.
Eby
Charles
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Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. eby@wustl.edu
D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I / Q000276:immunology
D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I; D013925:Thromboplastin