title: Analysis of temporary skeletal anchorage devices used for en-masse retraction: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this preliminary study was to analyze the results of en-masse incisor and canine retraction with temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs) as the exclusive source of anchorage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective clinical investigation supported by preliminary case reports was performed comparing pretreatment cephalometric radiographs with those taken after en-masse retraction of the 6 anterior teeth. The sample consisted of 17 nongrowing patients with an average age of 24.4 +/- 3.71 years. The average retraction period was 13.94 +/- 5.37 months. No brackets or bands were placed on the posterior dentition during retraction. A total of 34 TSADs were used as the only source of anchorage. Thirty sand-blasted, large-grit, and acid-etched C-implants and 4 miniplates with tubes were used. These TSADs were designed to withstand heavy and dynamic retraction forces applied to the maxillary anterior dentition, thereby eliminating the need for bonded or banded anchor teeth. The cephalometric radiographs were analyzed for differences between pretreatment and postretraction variables that included skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant incisor and canine retraction was achieved in all patients. During the retraction period, the posterior teeth showed a tendency for extrusion and mesial tipping.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  En-masse retraction of the 6 anterior teeth can be accomplished by using TSADs as the only source of anchorage. Maximum anchorage was achieved without appliances in the posterior dentition.
authors: Division of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Catholic University of Korea, Uijongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijongbu, Korea. bravortho@catholic.ac.kr
authors: Seong-Hun
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Young-Suk
authors: YS
authors: Hwang
authors: Andre
authors: A
authors: Ferreira
authors: Kyu-Rhim
authors: KR
authors: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001863:Bone Screws; D002508:Cephalometry; D003481:Cuspid / Q000503:physiopathology; D015921:Dental Implants; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants