title: Cytokine and hormone responses to resistance training.
abstract: This study examined the effects of heavy resistance training on physiological acute exercise-induced fatigue (5 x 10 RM leg press) changes after two loading protocols with the same relative intensity (%) (5 x 10 RM(Rel)) and the same absolute load (kg) (5 x 10 RM(Abs)) as in pretraining in men (n = 12). Exercise-induced neuromuscular (maximal strength and muscle power output), acute cytokine and hormonal adaptations (i.e., total and free testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 and metabolic responses (i.e., blood lactate) were measured before and after exercise. The resistance training induced similar acute responses in serum cortisol concentration but increased responses in anabolic hormones of FT and GH, as well as inflammation-responsive cytokine IL-6 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, when the same relative load was used. This response was balanced by a higher release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and cytokine inhibitors (IL-1ra) when both the same relative and absolute load was used after training. This enhanced hormonal and cytokine response to strength exercise at a given relative exercise intensity after strength training occurred with greater accumulated fatigue and metabolic demand (i.e., blood lactate accumulation). The magnitude of metabolic demand or the fatigue experienced during the resistance exercise session influences the hormonal and cytokine response patterns. Similar relative intensities may elicit not only higher exercise-induced fatigue but also an increased acute hormonal and cytokine response during the initial phase of a resistance training period.
authors: Studies, Research and Sport Medicine Center, Government of Navarra, 31005 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. mikel.izquierdo@ceimd.org
authors: Mikel
authors: M
authors: Izquierdo
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Ibañez
authors: Jose A L
authors: JA
authors: Calbet
authors: Ion
authors: I
authors: Navarro-Amezqueta
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: González-Izal
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Idoate
authors: Keijo
authors: K
authors: Häkkinen
authors: William J
authors: WJ
authors: Kraemer
authors: Mercedes
authors: M
authors: Palacios-Sarrasqueta
authors: Mar
authors: M
authors: Almar
authors: Esteban M
authors: EM
authors: Gorostiaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006728:Hormones; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D019344:Lactic Acid; D006854:Hydrocortisone