title: Role of GABRA2 on risk for alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis dependence in the Iowa Adoption Studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A number of studies have shown that genetic variation at GABRA2 alters vulnerability to alcohol dependence. The exact identity of the causal variant(s), and the relationship of these variants to other forms of substance use and behavioral illness is, however, uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Therefore, we genotyped 516 individuals from the Iowa Adoption Studies, a large longitudinal case and control adoption study of substance use, at 39 single nucleotide polymorphisms encompassing the GABRA2 locus and analyzed them with respect to their lifetime history of three common forms of substance use dependence [alcohol dependence (AD), nicotine dependence (ND), and cannabis dependence (CD)] in the Iowa Adoption Studies and relevant exposure variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using regression analysis, we found substantial evidence that both GABRA2 genotype and haplotype are significantly related to vulnerability to AD, ND, and CD, with the strongest relationships noted with respect to ND. Consistent with earlier studies suggesting exposure is an important step in the development of substance use, we found the inclusion of substance exposure data in our analytic models markedly increased the strength of the genetic associations of GABRA2 haplotype with substance use. Finally, we report that the genetic effects were markedly more pronounced in females than in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that genetic variation at or near the GABRA2 locus significantly affects vulnerability not only to AD, but to other forms of substance use including ND and CD, and that the effects may be sex dependent.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City,IA 52242-1000, USA. robert-philibert@uiowa.edu
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Philibert
authors: Tracy D
authors: TD
authors: Gunter
authors: Steven R H
authors: SR
authors: Beach
authors: Gene H
authors: GH
authors: Brody
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Hollenbeck
authors: Allan
authors: A
authors: Andersen
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Adams
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C484841:GABRA2 protein, human; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A