Simultaneous characterization of oxygen transport into and through porcine skin exposed to oxygen-saturated water.
Oxygen delivery to the skin is a promising approach for treatment of dermatological diseases (e.g. ischemic wound healing). However, characterization of oxygen transport into and through the skin exposed to oxygen carrier formulations has not been reported. In the present study, we developed an original lab-made static diffusion cell mounted with porcine skin enabling the assessment of oxygen uptake into the skin (i.e., oxygen penetration) and passage through the skin (i.e., oxygen permeation). Oxygen penetration and permeation were recorded by using an optical probe implanted into the skin tissue and a Clark-type electrode plunged into the receptor solution of the diffusion cells. Permeability parameters (i.e., maximal and steady-state flux; permeability coefficient) of oxygen were determined after a 2-hour application of oxygen-saturated water to either the skin surface (exogenous delivery) or the dermis (endogenous delivery). Similar experiments were performed by using intact or stripped skin in order to appreciate the role of the stratum corneum as oxygen barrier. Exogenous delivery of oxygen to skin tissue was found more effective than endogenous delivery through intact and stripped skin. However, exogenous oxygen permeation was found smaller than that determined from endogenous delivery. The upper layers of the skin would constitute a potential oxygen reservoir created by the high solubility of oxygen in epidermal lipids. Therefore, oxygen carrier formulations might significantly improve the oxygen status in the skin for further biological effects.
Atrux-Tallau
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Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle EA 4169, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Le
T H B
TH
Denis
A
A
Padois
K
K
Zahouani
H
H
Haftek
M
M
Falson
F
F
Pirot
F
F
D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D004566:Electrodes; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D010539:Permeability; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D013552:Swine; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible
D014867:Water; D010100:Oxygen