Bacterial toxin and effector glycosyltransferases.
Clostridial glucosylating cytotoxins, including Clostridium difficile toxins A and B, Clostridium novyi alpha-toxin, and Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin, are major virulence factors and causative agents of human diseases. These toxins mono-O-glucosylate (or mono-O-GlcNAcylate) a specific threonine residue of Rho/Ras-proteins, which is essential for the function of the molecular switches. Recently, a related group of glucosyltransferases from Legionella pneumophila has been identified. These Legionella glucosyltransferases modify the large GTPase elongation factor eEF1A at a serine residue by mono-O-glucosylation, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis of target cells. Recent results on structures, functions and biological roles of both groups of bacterial toxin glucosyltransferases will be discussed.
Belyi
Yury
Y
Gamaleya Research Institute, Moscow 123098, Russia.
Aktories
Klaus
K
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000201:enzymology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation / Q000187:drug effects; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C075216:Clostridium novyi alpha-toxin; C094814:EEF1A1 protein, human; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D037521:Virulence Factors; C072292:lethal toxin LT, Clostridium sordellii; D016695:Glycosyltransferases; D018631:ras Proteins