Protective effect of topical antibiotics in breast augmentation.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies indicate that antibacterial lavage and/or use of topical antibiotics may reduce infection in breast implant surgery and perhaps also reduce occurrence of capsular contracture. A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate this effect.


METHODS
The study participants included all women (n = 436) who underwent breast augmentation during two different time periods: 2000 to 2002 (n = 218) and 2005 to 2007 (n = 218). During the first period (2000 to 2002), cephalothin (Keflin), was added to the saline/epinephrine solution, which was used to irrigate the implant pocket and filled into the outer lumen of the saline/gel implants. In the second period (2005 to 2007), only saline/epinephrine was used. All women were operated on at the same clinic and by the same surgeon. Recorded postoperative complications included occurrence of infection, seroma, and capsular contracture.


RESULTS
Medical records were identified for 414 women (94.9 percent): 2000 to 2002 (n = 203) and 2005 to 2007 (n = 211); 99.8 percent of all implants were placed in the submuscular position and 99.8 percent of all incisions were periareolar. Frequency of infection in the 2005 to 2007 cohort (12.8 percent) exceeded substantially the frequency among the 2000 to 2002 cohort (6.7 percent; p = 0.044), as did the frequency of seroma (7.6 percent versus 2.9 percent, respectively; p = 0.036). There was no significant difference in development of capsular contraction between the two groups (8.1 percent versus 5.9 percent; p = 0.393).


CONCLUSIONS
The authors' data support the use of topical antibiotics in cosmetic breast surgery, because significant increases of both infections and seroma were seen in patients not treated with topical antibiotics compared with a cohort of similar patients where topical antibiotics were used.
Pfeiffer
Philip
P
Roskilde, Søborg, and Herlev, Denmark From Roskilde Privathospital, Danske Lægers Forsknings Center, and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Herlev University Hospital.
Jørgensen
Signe
S
Kristiansen
Thomas B
TB
Jørgensen
Anna
A
Hölmich
Lisbet R
LR
D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D019928:Breast Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D002512:Cephalothin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003286:Contracture / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D049291:Seroma / Q000453:epidemiology; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002512:Cephalothin