title: Reducing invasiveness, duration, and cost of magnetic resonance imaging in rheumatoid arthritis by omitting intravenous contrast injection -- Does it change the assessment of inflammatory and destructive joint changes by the OMERACT RAMRIS?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides highly sensitive assessment of inflammatory and destructive changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints, but intravenous (IV) Gd injection prolongs examination time and increases cost, invasiveness, and patient discomfort. We explored to what extent RA joint pathologies in wrists and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints can be reliably assessed by unenhanced MRI images compared with Gd-enhanced MRI as the reference method.
  
  
  METHODS
  MRI data sets from 2 RA substudies were scored according to preliminary OMERACT RA MRI scoring system (RAMRIS): Substudy A included 1.0 T/1.5 T MR images from 40 RA patients, which were scored twice by 2 experienced readers. Substudy B included 0.2 T dedicated extremity MRI (E-MRI) images from 55 patients, scored twice by one experienced reader. The first reading included only unenhanced images, whereas complete image sets were available for the second reading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gd contrast injection appeared unimportant to MRI scores of bone erosions and bone edema in RA wrist and MCP joints. However, when post-Gd MRI was considered the standard reference, MRI without Gd provided only moderate to high agreement concerning assessment of synovitis, and omitting the post-Gd acquisitions increased the interreader variation on synovitis scores. Low-field (0.2 T) E-MRI in these exercises provided a lower sensitivity of unenhanced imaging for synovitis than MRI using higher-field strengths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Omitting IV contrast injection did not change scores of bone erosions and bone edema, but decreased the reliability of synovitis scores. However, this disadvantage may for some purposes be outweighed by the possibility to assess more joints and/or greater feasibility.
authors: Department of Rheumatology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark. mo@dadlnet.dk
authors: Mikkel
authors: M
authors: Ostergaard
authors: Philip G
authors: PG
authors: Conaghan
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: O'Connor
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Szkudlarek
authors: Mette
authors: M
authors: Klarlund
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Emery
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Peterfy
authors: Harry
authors: H
authors: Genant
authors: Fiona M
authors: FM
authors: McQueen
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Bird
authors: Marissa
authors: M
authors: Lassere
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Ejbjerg
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000191:economics* / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000191:economics*; D017046:Cost Savings; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D008662:Metacarpophalangeal Joint / Q000473:pathology; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium