title: Laparoscopic hysterectomy with and without a robot: Stanford experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (RALH) with a matched control group of standard laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of all RALH was performed. All cases were compared with a matched control group of standard LH. Comparisons were based on Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney, and exact chi-square tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between January 2006 and August 2007, 26 consecutive RALH were performed (10 with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). These were compared with 50 matched control standard LH (22 with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). The 2 groups were matched by age (P=0.49), body mass index (P=0.25), gravidity (P=0.11), previous abdomino-pelvic surgery (P=0.37), and size of the excised uterus (P=0.72). Mean surgical time for RALH was 276 minutes (range, 150 to 440) compared with 206 minutes (range, 110 to 420) for standard LH (P=0.01). Blood loss, hospitalization length, and postoperative complications were not significantly different. No conversion to laparotomy was reported in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robotic technology was successfully used for hysterectomy with a similar surgical outcome to that of standard LH. This technology offers exciting potential applications, especially for remote telesurgery, and to facilitate teaching of endoscopic surgery.
authors: Center for Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA. cnezhat@stanford.edu
authors: Camran
authors: C
authors: Nezhat
authors: Ofer
authors: O
authors: Lavie
authors: Madeleine
authors: M
authors: Lemyre
authors: Ofer
authors: O
authors: Gemer
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Bhagan
authors: Ceana
authors: C
authors: Nezhat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics