title: Efficacy of oral sucrose in infants of methadone-maintained mothers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One report indicated that taste-induced analgesia was sub-optimal in methadone-exposed (ME) infants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to compare the effects of oral sucrose in infants born to methadone-maintained mothers with control infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim was to compare the effects of an oral sucrose solution in infants scheduled to have a heel lance procedure for routine newborn screening. Infants received 0.05 ml (one drop) of a 24% sucrose solution by mouth 2 min before a heel lance procedure, then a further 0.05 ml of sucrose at the time of the heel lance; this was repeated every 1-2 min until 30 s after the completion of the procedure. The primary outcome measure was pain. We assessed pain using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP), which is a validated composite pain assessment tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PIPP scores were similar in both infant groups. Median PIPP scores of the ME infant group versus the control infant group were 2.0 (interquartile range (IQR) 0-7) versus 2.0 (IQR 0-9) at the time of the heel lance (p = 0.99) and 2.0 (IQR 0-4) versus 1.0 (IQR 0-4) 30 s after the completion of the heel lance procedure (p = 0.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found no differences in the pain responses of ME infants and non-exposed infants when given sucrose during heel lance procedures.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Nepean Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: Marceau
authors: Henry
authors: H
authors: Murray
authors: Ralph K H
authors: RK
authors: Nanan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006365:Heel / Q000098:blood supply; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008691:Methadone / Q000009:adverse effects; D009294:Narcotics / Q000009:adverse effects; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013395:Sucrose / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D009294:Narcotics; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013395:Sucrose; D008691:Methadone