title: Tissue expander infections in pediatric patients: management and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue expansion has become a well-established method for soft-tissue reconstruction in the pediatric population; however, the complication rate is still high, with infection being the most common complication. This study looks at a segment of the authors' cases over a 4-year period to document the incidence of infection, impact on completing the planned expansion, and how the treatment impacted the completion of goals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A database of 215 children who underwent reconstruction with tissue expanders from August of 2004 to August of 2008 at Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, was reviewed with respect to tissue expander infection cases. All patients were operated on by the senior author (B.S.B). All of the patients with tissue expander infection were analyzed, with emphasis on management and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen children, one of them with infection during two different stages of the reconstruction [total of 16 cases (7.4 percent)], had tissue expander infection (5 percent of the total number of expanders). Expansion was continued after diagnosis of infection in all but three cases (two of them had simultaneous extrusion), with a median of six total expansions per child (range, four to 11 expansions) and two additional expansions from the time of infection (range, zero to eight additional expansions). In only one case did the early removal of the expander affect the successful reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tissue expander infection in children does not seem to preclude further expansion and successful reconstruction.
authors: Chicago, Ill. From the Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Children's Memorial Hospital.
authors: Neta
authors: N
authors: Adler
authors: Amir H
authors: AH
authors: Dorafshar
authors: Bruce S
authors: BS
authors: Bauer
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Hoadley
authors: Mim
authors: M
authors: Tournell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D009506:Nevus / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery; D015626:Tissue Expansion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015625:Tissue Expansion Devices; D016896:Treatment Outcome