Update on immunohistochemical methods relevant to dermatopathology.
BACKGROUND
Dermatopathology covers a large variety of entities, some having very similar histologic appearances. Immunohistochemistry is an incredibly helpful tool that is useful in diagnosis as well as prognosis of selected skin tumors.


OBJECTIVE
To provide a comprehensive review of recent trends and immunohistochemical stains used by dermatopathologists. Emphasis is placed on new stains as well as novel uses of existing stains.


METHODS
All data were gathered from published journal articles available through the National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed database.


CONCLUSIONS
New immunohistochemical targets are continually being found, contributing to more accurate diagnosis and classification of skin tumors. The presence of specific markers can be used to determine the aggressiveness of malignancies and design treatment strategies. In addition, application of existing stains can help determine intravascular spread of malignancy in primary cutaneous lesions. And use of rapid immunohistochemical staining techniques on frozen sections can assist in more complete excision of tumor margins. Immunohistochemistry is a highly versatile and growing tool of dermatopathologists.
Wasserman
Justin
J
Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. justin.wasserman@uchospitals.edu
Maddox
Jessica
J
Racz
Mark
M
Petronic-Rosic
Vesna
V
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000473:pathology; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor