Exploring the limits of granular hydrodynamics: a horizontal array of inelastic particles.
The limits of granular hydrodynamics are explored in the context of the one-dimensional granular system introduced by Du, Li, and Kadanoff [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1268 (1995)]. The density profile of the characteristic steady state, in which a single particle commutes between the driving wall and a dense cluster, is well captured by a hydrodynamic description provided that the finite size of the particles is incorporated. The temperature, however, is not well described: since all energy exchange is located at the border of the cluster, it is precisely for this quantity that the continuum approach breaks down.
Eshuis
Peter
P
Physics of Fluids Group and J. M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
van der Weele
Ko
K
Calzavarini
Enrico
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Lohse
Detlef
D
van der Meer
Devaraj
D