title: HOMER1 promoter analysis in Parkinson's disease: association study with psychotic symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  HOMER1 gene expression has been linked to abnormal movements in animals receiving chronic administration of antipsychotics. The continuing neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the prolonged use of L-dopa are associated with motor complications, such as dyskinesia, and psychotic side effects, including hallucinations and paranoid delusions. Approximately 25-40% of patients with idiopathic PD experience hallucinations. Genetic variability within different candidate genes has been implicated in the clinical severity of sporadic PD in many populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 3 polymorphisms located in the 5' flanking region of the HOMER1 gene within a sample of 131 sporadic PD patients from southern Italy, using a 3-SNP genotype and haplotype combination (rs4704559, rs10942891, rs4704560).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study implicates the effects of allele A of the rs4704559 marker in susceptibility to psychotic symptoms in PD (chi2 = 8.092, 1 d.f., p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though our results are preliminary, this HOMER1 gene variant may represent a biomarker for side effect evaluation in PD patients.
authors: Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, Naples, Italy.
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: De Luca
authors: Grazia
authors: G
authors: Annesi
authors: E Valeria
authors: EV
authors: De Marco
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: de Bartolomeis
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Nicoletti
authors: Pierfrancesco
authors: P
authors: Pugliese
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Muscettola
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Barone
authors: Aldo
authors: A
authors: Quattrone
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C000606614:HOMER1 protein, human; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins