title: MRI of the knee at 3T: first clinical results with an isotropic PDfs-weighted 3D-TSE-sequence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clinically evaluate MRI of the knee using a highly resolved isotropic fat-saturated (fs) proton-density weighted 3D-TSE-sequence (SPACE) at 3T.
  
  
  METHODS
  Imaging was performed on a 3T-scanner (Magnetom TRIO). For technical evaluation, sagittally orientated SPACE-datasets (repetition-time [TR], 1200 milliseconds/[TE], 30 milliseconds/voxel-size, 0.5 mm3/acquisition time, 10:35 minutes) were acquired from the dominant knee of 10 healthy volunteers. In the 3 major anatomic planes, 0.5, 1, and 2 mm thick reconstructions were performed. Signal-to-noise (SNR), SNR-efficiency, contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios, and anatomic detail visualization were compared with a state-of-the-art 2D-TSE-sequence in 3 imaging planes (TR, 3200 milliseconds/TE, 30 milliseconds/acquisition time, 12:34 minutes). Sixty patients with cartilage and meniscus pathologies were examined with these techniques. Patient SPACE-datasets were assessed in 1-mm thick reconstructions. Arthroscopical correlation was available for 18 patients. Lesion detection and diagnostic confidence were assessed by 2 radiologists independently. Statistical analysis was performed using 95% confidence intervals, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and Weighted-kappa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SNR-efficiency of SPACE was 4 to 5 times higher than for 2D-TSE-sequences. SNR and CNR of 1-mm thick SPACE-reconstructions were comparable to 2D-TSE-sequences and provided superior visualization of small structures such as meniscal roots.Correlation with arthroscopy did not show significant differences between 2D- and 3D-sequences. One reader detected significantly more cartilage abnormalities with the 2D-TSE-sequence (131 vs. 151, P = 0.04), probably because of an unfamiliar fluid/cartilage contrast. Diagnostic confidence was significantly higher for meniscus abnormalities for SPACE for 1 reader. Intersequence-correlation was excellent (kappa = 0.82-0.92). Interreader-correlation was good to excellent (kappa = 0.71-0.80), intrareader-correlation was excellent (kappa = 0.90-0.92) for both sequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time-efficient 3D-TSE-imaging of the knee at 3T is feasible with adequate SNR and CNR and excellent anatomic detail visualization. Detection and visualization of meniscus and cartilage pathologies is comparable to standard 2D-TSE-sequences. 3D-TSE-sequences with consecutive multiplanar reconstruction may become a valuable component of future knee-MRI protocols.
authors: Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. mike.notohamiprodjo@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors: Mike
authors: M
authors: Notohamiprodjo
authors: Annie
authors: A
authors: Horng
authors: Matthias F
authors: MF
authors: Pietschmann
authors: Peter E
authors: PE
authors: Müller
authors: Wilhelm
authors: W
authors: Horger
authors: Jaeseok
authors: J
authors: Park
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Crispin
authors: José Raya Garcia
authors: JR
authors: del Olmo
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Weckbach
authors: Karin A
authors: KA
authors: Herrmann
authors: Maximilian F
authors: MF
authors: Reiser
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Glaser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016880:Anisotropy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity