title: Association between different domains of physical activity and markers of inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical activity has recently been established as a potential modifier of the inflammatory process, suggesting that it mitigates inflammation and consequently reduces the incidence of several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular events.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined the association between different domains ofself-reported physical activity (work, transportation, household, and leisure time) and three inflammatory markers (fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)). Study subjects included 796 men and women aged 35-74 yr with complete data for the main study variables who participated in the 1989/1990 MONItoring trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease (MONICA) Augsburg Survey. Data were collected using the MONICA Optional Study on Physical Activity (MOSPA) questionnaire, and activity levels were classified into low, moderate, and vigorous physical activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibrinogen showed an inverse relationship with higher levels of work (Ptrend = 0.038), transportation (Ptrend = 0.025), leisure time (Ptrend = 0.013), and summary physical activity (Ptrend< 0.001). This relationship was still observed after adjusting for age and sex and further correction for body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, education, and self-reported limited physical activity due to health problems. IL-6 showed significant results for transportation (Ptrend = 0.031), leisure time (Ptrend = 0.016), and summary physical activity (Ptrend < 0.001), whereas CRP was inversely related with the summary activity (Ptrend = 0.003) in the fully adjusted model. No statistically significant inverse association between household physical activity and any of the investigated markers was found. We observed interactions between summary physical activity and smoking (fibrinogen: P = 0.003) as well as ex-smoking (CRP: P < 0.001; IL-6: P = 0.049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that beyond leisure time, work and transportation physical activity may reduce inflammation.
authors: Institute of Epidemiology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Autenrieth
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Schneider
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Döring
authors: Christa
authors: C
authors: Meisinger
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Herder
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Koenig
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Huber
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Thorand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein