title: XIAP mediates NOD signaling via interaction with RIP2.
abstract: NOD1 and NOD2 are members of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) protein family that are involved in sensing the presence of pathogens and are a component of the innate immune system. Upon activation by specific bacterial peptides derived from peptidoglycans, NODs interact via a CARD-CARD interaction with the receptor-interacting protein kinase RIP2, an inducer of NF-kappaB activation. In this report, we show that NOD signaling is dependent on XIAP, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Cells deficient in XIAP exhibit a marked reduction in NF-kappaB activation induced by microbial NOD ligands and by over-expression of NOD1 or NOD2. Moreover, we show that XIAP interacts with RIP2 via its BIR2 domain, which could be disrupted by XIAP antagonists SMAC and SMAC-mimicking compounds. Both NOD1 and NOD2 associated with XIAP in a RIP2-dependent manner, providing evidence that XIAP associates with the NOD signalosome. Taken together, our data suggest a role for XIAP in regulating innate immune responses by interacting with NOD1 and NOD2 through interaction with RIP2.
authors: Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Krieg
authors: Ricardo G
authors: RG
authors: Correa
authors: Jason B
authors: JB
authors: Garrison
authors: Gaëlle
authors: G
authors: Le Negrate
authors: Kate
authors: K
authors: Welsh
authors: Ziwei
authors: Z
authors: Huang
authors: Wolfram T
authors: WT
authors: Knoefel
authors: John C
authors: JC
authors: Reed
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015870:Gene Expression; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D053475:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; C119067:NOD1 protein, human; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C496866:XIAP protein, human; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008156:Luciferases; C506253:RIPK2 protein, human; D053475:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2