title: Intrabdominal fat is related to metabolic risk factors in Hispanic Americans, African Americans and in girls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to test the association of individual adipose depots on cardiometabolic outcomes, whether the association varied by depot and if the associations differed by race/ethnicity or gender in early pubertal children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and twenty children (53% male) aged 7-12 years self-identified as African American (AA; n = 114), European American (EA; n = 120) or Hispanic American (HA; n = 86) participated. Insulin dynamics were assessed by intravenous glucose tolerance test; body composition with DXA; fat distribution with CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AA had the least fat in each depot and HA had the most. Fat accumulation negatively impacted cardiometabolic outcomes independent of race/ethnicity or gender. AA and females were reproductively more mature. In AA and HA, each measure of adiposity influenced the insulin sensitivity index (S(I)), whereas intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) did not contribute to S(I) in EA. IAAT was positively associated with blood pressure in AA only. In females, adiposity adversely influenced cardiometabolic outcomes such that total fat mass, IAAT and/or SAAT was inversely associated with S(I), and positively associated with blood pressure and fasting insulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IAAT is uniquely related to metabolic risk factors in Hispanic Americans, African Americans and girls, suggesting that either the threshold for adverse effects of IAAT is lower, or the IAAT metabolism differs in these groups.
authors: Department of Nutrition Sciences and Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA. kristac@uab.edu
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Casazza
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Dulin-Keita
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: Gower
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Fernandez
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin