title: Adding sufentanil to levobupivacaine or ropivacaine intrathecal anaesthesia affects the minimum local anaesthetic dose required.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We carried out this prospective, randomized, double-blind study in order to evaluate whether the intrathecal addition of sufentanil 3.3 mcg affects both the minimum local anaesthetic dose (MLAD) of spinal levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for a caesarean section and enhances the spinal block characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighty women were randomly allocated into four groups: levobupivacaine (Group L), levobupivacaine plus sufentanil (Group L+S), ropivacaine (Group R) and ropivacaine plus sufentanil (Group R+S). Each received 3 ml of the study solution intrathecally as part of a combined spinal/epidural technique. The initial dose was 12 mg for Groups L and L+S, and 15 mg for Groups R and R+S. The test solution was required to achieve a visual analogue pain score (VAPS) of 30 mm or less to be considered effective at skin incision, uterine incision, birth, peritoneal closure and at the conclusion of surgery. Effective or ineffective responses determined a 0.5 mg decrease or increase of the same drug, respectively, for the next patient in the same group, using an up-down sequential allocation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the Dixon and Massey formula, the MLAD was 10.65 mg [confidence interval (CI) 95%: 10.14-11.56] in Group L, 4.73 mg (CI 95%: 4.39-5.07) in Group L+S, 14.12 mg (CI 95%: 13.50-14.60) in Group R and 6.44 mg (CI 95%: 5.86-7.02) in Group R+S.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of sufentanil reduced the MLAD of both the local anaesthetics. It did not affect their potency ratio significantly and resulted in enhanced spinal anaesthesia.
authors: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Fatebenefratelli General Hospital, 00186 Rome, Italy. rparpaglioni@email.it
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Parpaglioni
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Baldassini
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Barbati
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Celleno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D016015:Logistic Models; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010147:Pain Measurement; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D017409:Sufentanil
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D017409:Sufentanil; D002045:Bupivacaine