title: Balsa raft crossing the Pacific finds low contaminant levels.
abstract: During the Norwegian Tangaroa balsa raft expedition crossing the Pacific in 2006, surface water samples were collected by passive semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) sampling, active surface microlayer collection, and fish bile collection. The samples were analyzed for water contamination including a range of persistent organochlorine contaminants, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as modern widespread chemicals such as brominated flame retardants, UV-filters, and perfluorinated compounds, using a network of expert laboratories and advanced instrumentation. Only trace to undetectable levels of all compounds were observed in both SPMDs and microlayer samples. The data from SPMDs were used to estimate surface water concentrations by back-calculation using sampling rates published in the literature. Conservative factors indicate that the levels in the surface waters are in the pg/L to subpg/L range for organochlorines, BFRs, and PFCs, indicating the central Pacific Ocean still represents a pristine environment for oceanic life.
authors: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, P.O. Bos 7802, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. anders.goksoyr@mbi.uib.no
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Goksøyr
authors: Knut Erik
authors: KE
authors: Tollefsen
authors: Merete
authors: M
authors: Grung
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Løken
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Lie
authors: Armin
authors: A
authors: Zenker
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Fent
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Schlabach
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Huber
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010575:Pesticides; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014867:Water; D002713:Chlorine