title: Surgery in the patient with endocrine dysfunction.
abstract: Patients with preoperative endocrinopathies represent a particular challenge not only to anesthesiologists but also to surgeons and perioperative clinicians. The "endocrine axis" is complex and has multiple feedback loops, some of which are endocrine and paracrine related, and others that are strongly influenced by the surgical stress response. Familiarity with several of the common endocrinopathies facilitates management in the perioperative period. This article focuses on 4 of the most common endocrinopathies: diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency. Perioperative challenges in patients presenting with pheochromocytoma are also discussed.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. benjamin.kohl@uphs.upenn.edu
authors: Benjamin A
authors: BA
authors: Kohl
authors: Stanley
authors: S
authors: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000075202:Contraindications; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents