title: Dynamics of the aorta before and after endovascular aneurysm repair: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An overview of the knowledge of thoracic (TAA), and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) dynamics, before and after endovascular repair, is given.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane database were searched for relevant articles. After inclusion and exclusion, 25 relevant articles reporting on aneurysm dynamics remained, allowing for comparison. Results provided in the included studies were assumed (statistically) significant if they were larger than the repeatability of the used method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample size of dynamic studies is limited and translational studies are missing. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computed tomographic angiography (CTA) were shown to have lower inter-observer variabilities than ultrasonography (US). The distension of several relevant stent-graft-landing zones during the cardiac cycle in both the abdominal and thoracic aorta are significant (mean diameter change of the AAA neck in the included studies ranged from 0.9 mm to 2.4 mm; mean area change of the thoracic aorta ranged from 4.8% to 12.7% at various levels). This distension remained preserved after stent-graft placement. Preoperatively, the renal arteries displace per heartbeat. Significant movement of the aorta in the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral direction, during the cardiac cycle, was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aorta exhibits a wide variety of morphologic changes throughout the cardiac cycle. CTA and MRA are reliable modalities to investigate aortic shape changes during the cardiac cycle. Significant changes per heartbeat are reported in the AAA neck and thoracic aorta. The renal artery displaces per heartbeat. The clinical relevance of dynamic imaging has not been proven yet, but dynamic changes of the aorta have to be taken into account in stent-graft selection and future stent-graft design.
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: van Keulen
authors: J
authors: J
authors: van Prehn
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Prokop
authors: F L
authors: FL
authors: Moll
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: van Herwaarden
mesh_terms: D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001027:Aortography / Q000379:methods; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional