title: Family history of cancer and risk for esophageal and gastric cancer in Shanxi, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Family history (FH) by different relative types and risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers has been only rarely reported; the data on UGI cancer survival are sparse.
  
  
  METHODS
  600 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases, 598 gastric cardia adenocarcinoma cases, and 316 gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma cases, and 1514 age-, gender-, and neighborhood-matched controls were asked for FH in first degree relatives and non-blood relatives. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from logistic regressions, and hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox proportional hazard regressions were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased ESCC risk was associated with FH of any cancer (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.39-2.12), FH of any UGI cancer (OR = 2.28, 95%CI = 1.77-2.95) and FH of esophageal cancer (OR = 2.84, 95%CI = 2.09-3.86), but not FH of non-UGI cancer. Individuals with two or more affected first-degree relatives had 10-fold increased ESCC risk. FH of gastric cardia cancer was associated with an increased risk of all three cancers. Cancer in non-blood relatives was not associated with risk of any UGI cancer. FH of UGI cancer was associated with a poorer survival rate among younger ESCC cases (HR = 1.82, 95%CI = 1.01-3.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide strong evidence that shared susceptibility is involved in esophageal carcinogenesis and also suggest a role in prognosis.
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA. gaoying@mail.nih.gov
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Gao
authors: Nan
authors: N
authors: Hu
authors: XiaoYou
authors: X
authors: Han
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: Giffen
authors: Ti
authors: T
authors: Ding
authors: Alisa
authors: A
authors: Goldstein
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome