title: Effect of dyssynergic defecation during pregnancy on third- and fourth-degree tear during a first vaginal delivery: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine whether dyssynergic defecation is a risk factor for third- or fourth-degree tear during a first vaginal delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 549 primiparous women. The case group (n = 140) sustained an anal sphincter tear and the control group (n = 409) had a perineal laceration lower or equal to a second-degree tear. The Knowles-Eccersley-Scott Symptom questionnaire identified women who had dyssynergic defecation. A logistic regression analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anal sphincter tear were 2.94 times higher for women reporting dyssynergic defecation (P = .002; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47-5.88). Odds ratios (ORs) were also significant for forceps (P < .001; OR, 6.90; 95% CI, 3.27-14.59), vacuum extraction (P = .009; OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.17-4.76), median episiotomy (P = .009; OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.54-4.78), and high infant weight (P < .001; OR, 2.25 for each 500 g increase; 95% CI, 1.69-2.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyssynergic defecation seems to increase anal sphincter tear, but prospective studies are needed to confirm the association.
authors: Clinical Sciences Program, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. Marie.Claude.Marchand@USherbrooke.ca
authors: Marie-Claude
authors: MC
authors: Marchand
authors: Hélène
authors: H
authors: Corriveau
authors: Marie-France
authors: MF
authors: Dubois
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Watier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000293:injuries*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003672:Defecation; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D010502:Perineum / Q000293:injuries*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires