title: Neurogenic claudication and radiculopathy as delayed presentations of retained spinal bullet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Firearm injuries to the spine may cause injury to the neurological structures and/or to the spine, including ligaments and bones.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Patients usually present with symptoms immediately after injury. However, only a few cases have been reported where a patient is neurologically intact after the initial injury but develops deficits several months or years later. Almost all these cases develop delayed neurological deficit because of bullet migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A discussion, with a relevant review of the literature, the clinical histories, and radiological findings of two patients who experienced delayed neurological symptoms after gunshot wounds to the spine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient presented after 14 years and the other after 5 months from the day of injury. Both cases are unique in that the delayed symptoms appeared because of formation of a reactive mass around the site of bullet impact. Lack of serial imaging studies is a barrier to the exclusion of bullet migration as an alternate cause of delayed symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cases illustrate that retained intraspinal bullets can present with delayed neurological findings secondary to reactive changes around the bullet.
authors: Section of Neurosurgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, P.O. Box 3500, Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
authors: Saad
authors: S
authors: Ajmal
authors: Syed Ather
authors: SA
authors: Enam
authors: Muhammad Shahzad
authors: MS
authors: Shamim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000209:etiology*; D007796:Laminectomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000209:etiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D013995:Time; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000150:complications*