title: Epidemiology and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection in a diverse sample of low-income young women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two HPV vaccines prevent infection with HPV-16 and HPV-18, high-risk (cancer-associated) HPV types which together cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers; one vaccine also prevents HPV-6 and HPV-11, which together cause approximately 90% of anogenital warts. Defining type-specific HPV epidemiology in sexually experienced women will help estimate the potential clinical benefits of vaccinating this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine HPV epidemiology in a diverse sample of sexually experienced women, and to determine factors associated with high-risk HPV and vaccine-type HPV (HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16 and HPV-18).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 13-26-year-old women (N=409) who completed a questionnaire and provided a cervicovaginal swab. Swabs were genotyped for HPV using PCR amplification. Logistic regression models were used to determine whether participant characteristics, knowledge, and behaviors were associated with high-risk and vaccine-type HPV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most women (68.4%) were positive for >or=1 HPV type, 59.5% were positive for >or=1 high-risk type, 33.1% were positive for >or=1 vaccine-type HPV, and 3.5% were positive for both HPV-16 and HPV-18: none was positive for all four vaccine types. In adjusted logistic regression models, Black race (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.21-3.41) and lifetime number of male sexual partners (OR 4.79, 95% CI 2.04-11.23 for >or=10 partner vs. <or=1 partner) were independently associated with high-risk HPV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV prevalence was very high in this sample of sexually active young women, but <5% were positive for both HPV-16 and HPV-18, suggesting that vaccination could be beneficial for many individual women who are sexually experienced.
authors: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors: Tasneem
authors: T
authors: Shikary
authors: David I
authors: DI
authors: Bernstein
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Jin
authors: Gregory D
authors: GD
authors: Zimet
authors: Susan L
authors: SL
authors: Rosenthal
authors: Jessica A
authors: JA
authors: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004467:Economics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008913:Minority Groups; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000821:virology*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines