title: Metastasis of uveal melanoma millimeter-by-millimeter in 8033 consecutive eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate of metastasis of uveal melanoma on the basis of tumor thickness in millimeters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical record review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (median) patient age was 58 (59) years. A total of 8033 eyes were examined. Of the 285 eyes with iris melanoma, the mean tumor thickness was 2.7 mm and metastasis occurred in 0.5%, 4%, and 7% at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Of the 492 eyes with ciliary body melanoma, the mean tumor thickness was 6.6 mm and metastasis occurred in 12%, 19%, and 33% at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Of the 7256 eyes with choroidal melanoma, the mean tumor thickness was 5.5 mm and metastasis occurred in 8%, 15%, and 25% at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. For all uveal melanoma, metastasis at 5, 10, and 20 years was 6%, 12%, and 20% for small melanoma (0-3.0 mm thickness), 14%, 26%, and 37% for medium melanoma (3.1-8.0 mm), and 35%, 49%, and 67% for large melanoma (>8.0 mm). More specifically, metastasis per millimeter increment at 10 years was 6% (0-1.0 mm thickness), 12% (1.1-2.0 mm), 12% (2.1-3.0 mm), 16% (3.1-4.0 mm), 27% (4.1-5.0 mm), 28% (5.1-6.0 mm), 29% (6.1-7.0 mm), 41% (7.1-8.0 mm), 50% (8.1-9.0 mm), 44% (9.1-10.0 mm), and 51% (>10.0 mm). Clinical factors predictive of metastasis by multivariate analysis included increasing patient age, ciliary body location, increasing tumor diameter, increasing tumor thickness, having a brown tumor, and the presence of subretinal fluid, intraocular hemorrhage, or extraocular extension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing millimeter thickness of uveal melanoma is associated with increasing risk for metastasis.
authors: Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, 840 Walnut St, Ste 1440, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. carol.shields@shieldsoncology.com
authors: Carol L
authors: CL
authors: Shields
authors: Minoru
authors: M
authors: Furuta
authors: Archana
authors: A
authors: Thangappan
authors: Saya
authors: S
authors: Nagori
authors: Arman
authors: A
authors: Mashayekhi
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Lally
authors: Cecilia C
authors: CC
authors: Kelly
authors: Danielle S
authors: DS
authors: Rudich
authors: Anand V
authors: AV
authors: Nagori
authors: Oojwala A
authors: OA
authors: Wakade
authors: Sonul
authors: S
authors: Mehta
authors: Lauren
authors: L
authors: Forte
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Long
authors: Elaina F
authors: EF
authors: Dellacava
authors: Bonnie
authors: B
authors: Kaplan
authors: Jerry A
authors: JA
authors: Shields
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017679:Cryotherapy; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult