title: Circulating CD21low B cells in common variable immunodeficiency resemble tissue homing, innate-like B cells.
abstract: The homeostasis of circulating B cell subsets in the peripheral blood of healthy adults is well regulated, but in disease it can be severely disturbed. Thus, a subgroup of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) presents with an extraordinary expansion of an unusual B cell population characterized by the low expression of CD21. CD21(low) B cells are polyclonal, unmutated IgM(+)IgD(+) B cells but carry a highly distinct gene expression profile which differs from conventional naïve B cells. Interestingly, while clearly not representing a memory population, they do share several features with the recently defined memory-like tissue, Fc receptor-like 4 positive B cell population in the tonsils of healthy donors. CD21(low) B cells show signs of previous activation and proliferation in vivo, while exhibiting defective calcium signaling and poor proliferation in response to B cell receptor stimulation. CD21(low) B cells express decreased amounts of homeostatic but increased levels of inflammatory chemokine receptors. This might explain their preferential homing to peripheral tissues like the bronchoalveolar space of CVID or the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Therefore, as a result of the close resemblance to the gene expression profile, phenotype, function and preferential tissue homing of murine B1 B cells, we suggest that CD21(low) B cells represent a human innate-like B cell population.
authors: Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency and Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Mirzokhid
authors: M
authors: Rakhmanov
authors: Baerbel
authors: B
authors: Keller
authors: Sylvia
authors: S
authors: Gutenberger
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Foerster
authors: Manfred
authors: M
authors: Hoenig
authors: Gertjan
authors: G
authors: Driessen
authors: Mirjam
authors: M
authors: van der Burg
authors: Jacques J
authors: JJ
authors: van Dongen
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Wiech
authors: Marcella
authors: M
authors: Visentini
authors: Isabella
authors: I
authors: Quinti
authors: Antje
authors: A
authors: Prasse
authors: Nadine
authors: N
authors: Voelxen
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Salzer
authors: Sigune
authors: S
authors: Goldacker
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Fisch
authors: Hermann
authors: H
authors: Eibel
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Schwarz
authors: Hans-Hartmut
authors: HH
authors: Peter
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Warnatz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D055745:Bronchioles / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002999:Clone Cells; D017074:Common Variable Immunodeficiency / Q000276:immunology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007072:Immunoglobulin D / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology; D017464:Receptors, Complement 3d / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007072:Immunoglobulin D; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D017464:Receptors, Complement 3d; D002118:Calcium