title: Topical treatment of CIN 2+ by cidofovir: results of a phase II, double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Randomized controlled trial evaluating a topical treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and 3 (CIN 2+) using cidofovir.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three women with a biopsy-proven CIN 2+ were randomly assigned, 6 weeks before their planned conisation, either 3 applications of 3 ml 2% cidofovir in Intrasite gel in a cervical cap or a placebo (the same volume of Intrasite alone). A cervical sample for high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) (Hybrid Capture 2 or HC2) was taken before treatment and before conisation. The cone was submitted for pathological examination, and subsequently, along with the initial biopsy, to in situ hybridization (ISH) for high-risk HPV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight patients were treated and followed according to the protocol, (23 cidofovir, and 25 placebo). Fourteen of the 23 cones were free of any CIN (60.8%) in the cidofovir group. Only 5 of 25 cones were free of any CIN (20%) in the placebo group (p<0.01). The difference remained significant in the ITT group (p<0.05). In the per-protocol and ITT populations, we observed more frequent viral clearance in the cidofovir group, but the difference was significant only when evaluated by ISH and not by HC2. No systemic toxicity was observed. Cervico-vaginal side effects of cidofovir were limited, and not statistically different from placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The medical topical treatment with cidofovir, at this point, cannot replace conisation, but it is a promising candidate for topical chemotherapy of CIN 2+ lesions; a larger prospective randomized study is needed to confirm our results.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitary Hospital Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: catherine.vanpachterbeke@chu-brugmann.be.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Van Pachterbeke
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRIS-Sud Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Bucella
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitary Hospital Saint Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rozenberg
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitary Hospital Saint Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Manigart
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitary Hospital Saint Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Gilles
authors: Department of Pathology, Universitary Hospital Saint Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Larsimont
authors: Department of Pathology, Universitary Hospital Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Vanden Houte
authors: Department of Virology, Universitary Hospital Saint Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Reynders
authors: Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Snoeck
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRIS-Sud Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bossens
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077404:Cidofovir; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019092:Conization; D003274:Contraceptive Devices, Female; D003596:Cytosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D010919:Placebos; D011446:Prospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005782:Gels; D063065:Organophosphonates; D010919:Placebos; D003596:Cytosine; D000077404:Cidofovir