title: A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of topical intranasal corticosteroids in 4- to 11-year-old children with persistent bilateral otitis media with effusion in primary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of topical mometasone in children with bilateral otitis media with effusion (OME).
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial with an intention to treat analysis; the 10.6% of patients lost to follow-up at 1 month were censored in the analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  76 Medical Research Council General Practice Research Framework practices throughout the UK between 2004 and 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 217 children aged 4-11 years was selected from those presenting to their GP with one or more episodes of otitis media or ear-related problems in the previous 12 months whom the research nurse confirmed had bilateral glue ear using microtympanometry (B B or B C2 types using a modified Jerger classification) at randomisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mometasone 50 micrograms in each nostril or placebo spray once daily for 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was the proportions of children cleared of OME assessed by tympanometry at 1 month. Secondary outcomes included clearance at 3 months and 9 months; adverse events; OM8-30 scores (a functional health status responsive disease-specific measure); hearing loss; days with otalgia; cost-effectiveness; and health utilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the topical steroid group, 40.6% (39/96) demonstrated tympanometric clearance (C1 or A type) in one or both ears at 1 month, compared with 44.9% (44/98) of the placebo group. The absolute risk reduction at 1 month was -4.3% (95% CI -18.05% to 9.26%); the odds ratio (OR) was 0.84 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.48). Four covariates were pre-specified for inclusion in logistic regression analysis: age as a continuous variable (p = 0.94), season (p = 0.70), atopy (p = 0.61) and clinical severity (p = 0.006). The adjusted OR (AOR) at 1 month for the main outcome was 0.93 (95% CI 0.50 to 1.75). Secondary analysis at 3 months showed 58.1% of the steroid group had resolved and 52.3% of the placebo group, AOR 1.45 (95% CI 0.74 to 2.84). At 9 months 55.6% of the treated group remained clear in at least one ear and 65.3% of the placebo group, AOR 0.82 (95% CI 0.39 to 1.75). Adverse events (although relatively minor) occurred in 7-22% of children and included nasal stinging, epistaxis, dry throat and cough. The OM8-30 scores (p = 0.55) reported hearing difficulty (p = 0.08), and days with otalgia (p = 0.46) were not significantly different between groups at 3 months. The economic evaluation found the active treatment arm to be dominated by placebo, accruing slightly (but not significantly) higher costs and fewer quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), with a 24.2% probability that topical steroids are a cost-effective use of NHS resources at a ceiling ratio of 20,000 pounds per QALY gained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of topical intranasal corticosteroids is very unlikely to be a clinically effective treatment for OME (glue ear) in the primary care setting.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN38988331.
authors: Primary Medical Care, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton, UK.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Williamson
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Benge
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Barton
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Petrou
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Letley
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Fasey
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Abangma
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Dakin
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Little
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011320:Primary Health Care; D013222:State Medicine; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones