title: Polyomavirus infection and its impact on renal function and long-term outcomes after lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polyomavirus infection causes nephropathy after kidney transplantation but has not been thoroughly investigated in nonrenal organ transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety lung transplant recipients were enrolled, and they provided urine samples for over 4.5 years. Samples were analyzed for BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV), and simian virus 40 (SV40) by conventional and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine (66%) patients had polyomavirus detected at least once, including 38 patients (42%) for BKV, 25 patients (28%) for JCV, and six patients (7%) for SV40. Frequency of virus shedding in serial urine samples by patients positive at least once varied significantly among viruses: JCV, 64%; BKV, 48%; and SV40, 14%. Urinary viral loads for BKV (10 copies/mL) and JCV (10 copies/mL) were higher than for SV40 (10 copies/mL; P=0.001 and 0.0003, respectively). Polyomavirus infection was associated with a pretransplant diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio 6.0; P=0.016) but was less common in patients with a history of acute rejection (odds ratio 0.28; P=0.016). SV40 infection was associated with sirolimus-based immunosuppression (P=0.037). Reduced survival was noted for patients with BKV infection (P=0.03). Patients with polyomavirus infection did not have worse renal function than those without infection, but in patients with BKV infection, creatinine clearances were lower at times when viral shedding was detected (P=0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BKV and JCV were commonly detected in the urine of lung transplant recipients; SV40 was found at low frequency. No definite impact of polyomavirus infection on renal function was documented. BKV infection was associated with poorer survival.
authors: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. lora.thomas@vanderbilt.edu
authors: Lora D
authors: LD
authors: Thomas
authors: Aaron P
authors: AP
authors: Milstone
authors: Regis A
authors: RA
authors: Vilchez
authors: Preeti
authors: P
authors: Zanwar
authors: Janet S
authors: JS
authors: Butel
authors: J Stephen
authors: JS
authors: Dummer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001739:BK Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D016041:Heart-Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007577:JC Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013997:Time Factors; D014556:Urine / Q000821:virology; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D003404:Creatinine