title: Proton spectroscopy in patients with post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post traumatic headaches (PTH) following mild head injury (MHI) impose important diagnostic challenges to clinicians, and are often the scope of litigation. Objective.- To investigate whether spectroscopy magnetic resonance imaging (MRS) demonstrates markers of PTH following MHI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We imaged individuals with PTH following MHI (n = 17), as well as controls (n = 12), using Proton MRS (1-HS MRI). We estimated the metabolic ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline (Cho), relative to creatine (Cr). Compared with controls, individuals with PTH following MHI had reduced values of NAA in the right (1.64 ppm vs 2.05 ppm, P = .012) and left anterior regions of the frontal lobe white matter (1.52 ppm vs 2.10 ppm; P = .024); anterior (1.52 ppm vs 1.78 ppm; P = .0155) and posterior medial region of the frontal lobes (1.6 ppm vs 2.07 ppm; P = .0045), and medial region of parietal lobes (1.76 ppm vs 2.23 ppm; P = .0065). Contrasted to controls, Cho measures were statistically increased in the posterior region of the white matter of the right side fontal lobe (1.18 ppm vs 0.99 ppm; P = .0095), anterior medial region of the frontal lobe (1.20 ppm; vs 1.07 ppm; P = .0265), and medial region of the parietal lobes (0.92 ppm vs 0.65 ppm; P = .0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proton MRS may be useful as an imaging marker for PTH following mild injury. Future studies should contrast PTH following mild vs severe trauma, as well as PTH with other forms of headache, to clarify if the findings are specific of the disease, may be correlated with disease severity, or if they are unspecific headache markers.
authors: Federal Fluminense University - Neurology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Elder
authors: E
authors: Sarmento
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Moreira
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Brito
authors: Jano
authors: J
authors: Souza
authors: Carla
authors: C
authors: Jevoux
authors: Marcelo
authors: M
authors: Bigal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D002794:Choline