Perfluorinated compounds in tap water from China and several other countries.
The recent development of a sensitive and accurate analytical method for the analysis of 20 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), including several short-chain PFCs, has enabled their quantification in tap water collected in China, Japan, India, the United States, and Canada between 2006 and 2008. Of the PFCs measured, PFOS, PFHxS, PFBS, PFPrS, PFEtS, PFOSA, N-EtFOSAA, PFDoDA, PFUnDA, PFDA, PFNA, PFHpA, PFHxA, PFPeA, PFBA, and PFPrA were found at detectable concentrations in the tap water samples. The water samples from Shanghai (China) contained the greatest concentrations of total PFCs (arithmetic mean = 130 ng/L), whereas those from Toyama (Japan) contained only 0.62 ng/L. In addition to PFOS and PFOA, short-chain PFCs such as PFHxS, PFBS, PFHxA, and PFBA were found to be prevalent in drinking water. According to the health-based values (HBVs) and advisory guidelines derived for PFOS, PFOA, PFBA, PFHxS, PFBS, PFHxA, and PFPeA by the U.S.EPA and the Minnesota Department of Health, tap water may not pose an immediate health risk to consumers.
Mak
Yim Ling
YL
Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
Taniyasu
Sachi
S
Yeung
Leo W Y
LW
Lu
Guohui
G
Jin
Ling
L
Yang
Yongliang
Y
Lam
Paul K S
PK
Kannan
Kurunthachalam
K
Yamashita
Nobuyoshi
N
D002170:Canada; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007564:Japan; D012306:Risk; D014481:United States; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical; D018508:Water Purification; D014881:Water Supply
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical