title: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal masses 7 centimeters or larger.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our operative experience and oncologic outcomes for the laparoscopic management of large renal tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  All laparoscopic and hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomies performed at our institution were reviewed. Thirty patients with tumors >or=7cm and a pathologic diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operative time was 175.7+/-24.5 minutes, and mean estimated blood loss was 275.5+/-165.8 mL. No case required conversion to open radical nephrectomy. The mean hospital stay was 2.4+/-1.6 days. Four patients (13%) had minor complications. Of the 30 tumors, 18 were pathologic stage T2, 9 were stage T3a, 2 were stage T3b, and one was stage T4. At a mean follow-up of 30 months (range, 10 to 70), 22 patients (73%) were alive without evidence of recurrence, and 5 patients (17%) were alive with disease. One patient (3%) died of complications related to renal cell carcinoma, and 2 patients (7%) died from other causes. Overall survival was 90%, cancer-specific survival was 97%, and recurrence-free survival was 80%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for large tumors is a technically challenging operation. However, in experienced hands, it is a reasonable therapeutic option for the management of larger RCC neoplasms.
authors: Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors: James S
authors: JS
authors: Rosoff
authors: Jay D
authors: JD
authors: Raman
authors: R Ernest
authors: RE
authors: Sosa
authors: Joseph J
authors: JJ
authors: Del Pizzo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*