title: The risk of definitive stent thrombosis is increased after "off-label" stent implantation irrespective of drug-eluting stent or bare-metal stent use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A limitation of drug-eluting stent (DES) use to FDA-approved indications has been suggested to reduce the risk of stent thrombosis. This study evaluated predictors of stent thrombosis in clinical practice after the use of drug-eluting as well as bare-metal stents (BMS), including adherence to the FDA indications for DES.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 2002 and October 2006 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed on 5,945 patients using BMS (68%) or DES (32%). Patients had 1-year follow-up for definitive stent thrombosis (ARC criteria). 76 patients (1.27%) developed definitive stent thrombosis. Clinical, procedural, and angiographic parameters were related to those of 786 patients without stent thrombosis to define predictors of stent thrombosis. Off-label or on-label implantation of stents according to the FDA-approved indications for DES was included as parameter in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 434 patients, stent implantation was performed within FDA-approved indications and in 428 patients outside of FDA-approved indications for DES. Predictors of stent thrombosis were PCI in acute myocardial infarction (OR = 4.51, P < 0.001), treatment of bifurcation lesions (OR = 4.43, P < 0.001), stent length per mm (OR = 1.07, P < 0.001), implantation of multiple stents (OR = 3.67, P < 0.001), and stent implantation outside of FDA indications (OR = 6.13, P < 0.001). The risk was increased for DES as well as BMS. In a multivariate analysis, PCI in acute myocardial infarction (OR = 2.56, P = 0.014), LV-EF < 30% (OR = 3.60, P < 0.001), treatment of bifurcation lesion (OR = 3.65, P = 0.004), stent length in mm (OR = 1.04, P = 0.015), and implantation of multiple stents (OR = 2.64, P = 0.002) remained predictors of stent thrombosis. Off-label stent implantation was no independent additional predictor as it is a combined parameter of the above-mentioned predictors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implantation of coronary stents outside of the FDA-approved indications for DES is associated with an increased risk of stent thrombosis using DES and BMS.
authors: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. RHoffmann@UKAACHEN.de
authors: Rainer
authors: R
authors: Hoffmann
authors: Helene
authors: H
authors: Klinker
authors: Umar
authors: U
authors: Adamu
authors: Malte
authors: M
authors: Kelm
authors: Rüdiger
authors: R
authors: Blindt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate