title: Effects of remifentanil on the spectrum and quantitative parameters of electroencephalogram in propofol anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high dose of opioids associated with a low dose of propofol has become a popular anesthetic technique. However, the influence of opioids on the electroencephalographic phenomenon related to induction of anesthesia and, thereby, on the quantitative parameters used in the depth-of-anesthesia estimation is not well known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients were divided into three groups to receive saline, low-dose remifentanil (7.5 microg x kg x h) or high-dose remifentanil (30 microg x kg x h) during induction of anesthesia with propofol (30 mg . kg . h). Electroencephalogram was recorded from Fz electrode, and its time-frequency properties in the patient groups were analyzed from the induction of anesthesia to the occurrence of burst suppression pattern. The group differences in 14 quantitative spectral parameters used in the depth-of-anesthesia estimation were examined as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time-frequency properties of electroencephalogram were different between groups. The high-frequency (greater than 14 Hz) activity during light anesthesia was decreased in remifentanil groups; whereas, increased activity in extended alpha band (7-14 Hz) and decreased activity in delta band (0.5-4 Hz) was observed during deep anesthesia. This resulted in statistically significant changes in all 14 quantitative parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of remifentanil on the spectrum and quantitative parameters of electroencephalogram is significant and strongly dependent on the level of anesthesia. Coadministration of opioids therefore challenges the reliability of the spectral properties of electroencephalogram in the depth-of-anesthesia estimation by using a frontal montage. Furthermore, the finding has implications for design of opioid coadministration studies.
authors: Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland. jukka.kortelainen@ee.oulu.fi
authors: Jukka
authors: J
authors: Kortelainen
authors: Miika
authors: M
authors: Koskinen
authors: Seppo
authors: S
authors: Mustola
authors: Tapio
authors: T
authors: Seppänen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015742:Propofol; D000077208:Remifentanil
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D000077208:Remifentanil; D015742:Propofol