title: Esthetic analysis of gingival components of smile and degree of satisfaction in individuals with cleft lip and palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate soft tissue characteristics in individuals with cleft lip and palate and the degree of satisfaction of these individuals after rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five individuals with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, aged 15 to 30 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-five frontal facial photographs were obtained at rest and in natural and forced smile. Specialists in periodontics evaluated the soft tissue characteristics. Both patients and specialists evaluated the smiles and scored them as esthetically unpleasant, acceptable, or pleasant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of the cleft area with the contralateral region was performed for evaluation of soft tissue. The results of the degree of satisfaction with smile were expressed as percentages and means. The findings between patients and periodontists experienced or inexperienced with cleft care were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were observed for alveolar process deficiency and absence of papilla in the esthetic area between groups (p < .05). Results show 84.4% of individuals considered their smile as esthetically pleasant. Specialists in periodontics of both groups scored the natural smile and forced smile as esthetically acceptable. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean of patients compared with both groups of specialists in periodontics (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation and knowledge of the soft tissue characteristics is extremely important for successful rehabilitation. The esthetic values and degree of patient satisfaction are essential for treatment success, since smile reconstruction should be esthetically pleasant to the patient.
authors: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Luis A
authors: LA
authors: Esper
authors: Michyele C
authors: MC
authors: Sbrana
authors: Ingrid W J
authors: IW
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Erick N
authors: EN
authors: de Siqueira
authors: Ana L P F
authors: AL
authors: de Almeida
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010781:Photography; D012904:Smiling; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires