title: Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole after single dose intravenous and oral administration to alpacas.
abstract: Voriconazole is a new antifungal drug that has shown effectiveness in treating serious fungal infections and has the potential for being used in large animal veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of voriconazole after single-dose intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration to alpacas. Four alpacas were treated with single 4 mg/kg i.v. and oral administrations of voriconazole. Plasma voriconazole concentrations were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography method. The terminal half-lives following i.v. and oral administration were 8.01 +/- 2.88 and 8.75 +/- 4.31 h, respectively; observed maximum plasma concentrations were 5.93 +/- 1.13 and 1.70 +/- 2.71 microg/mL, respectively; and areas under the plasma concentration vs. time curve were 38.5 +/- 11.1 and 9.48 +/- 6.98 mg.h/L, respectively. The apparent systemic oral availability was low with a value of 22.7 +/- 9.5%. The drug plasma concentrations remained above 0.1 microg/mL for at least 24 h after single i.v. dosing. The i.v. administration of 4 mg/kg/day voriconazole may be a safe and appropriate option for antifungal treatment of alpacas. Due to the low extent of absorption in alpacas, oral voriconazole doses of 20.4 to 33.9 mg/kg/day may be needed.
authors: Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
authors: H M
authors: HM
authors: Chan
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Duran
authors: P H
authors: PH
authors: Walz
authors: W R
authors: WR
authors: Ravis
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D065819:Voriconazole
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; D065819:Voriconazole