title: Cutaneous annular sarcoidosis developing on a background of exogenous ochronosis: a report of two cases and review of the literature.
abstract: Exogenous (cosmetic) ochronosis is caused by the long term use of skin-lightening creams containing hydroquinone. Three cases of systemic sarcoidosis with cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas, which developed on ochronotic skin were last described by Jacyk in 1995. Dogliotti and Leibowitz previously reported cases of granulomatous ochronosis with sarcoid-like histological changes but with no associated systemic sarcoidosis. We report two additional cases of cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas, which developed on a background of cosmetic ochronosis in patients recently diagnosed with systemic sarcoidosis.
authors: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Johannesburg Hospital and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. moche@healthbridge.za.net
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Moche
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Glassman
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Modi
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Grayson
mesh_terms: D003358:Cosmetics / Q000009:adverse effects; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009794:Ochronosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D006873:Hydroquinones; C031927:hydroquinone