title: Metabolic effects of whole grain wheat and whole grain rye in the C57BL/6J mouse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A diet rich in whole grain cereals is suggested to protect against type 2 diabetes and facilitate body weight regulation. However, little is known about the impact of different cereals and the underlying mechanisms. The objective of this study was to compare the long-term metabolic effects of diets supplemented with whole grain wheat or whole grain rye in the C57BL/6J mouse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were fed the whole grain supplements in a low-fat background diet for 22 wk. Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed during the study and in vitro insulin secretion assays were performed at the end of the study. Body weight, energy intake, body fat content, and plasma parameters were measured during the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dietary supplement of whole grain rye suppressed body weight gain and resulted in significantly decreased adiposity, plasma leptin, total plasma cholesterol, and triacylglycerols compared with a supplement of whole grain wheat. Also, a slight improvement in insulin sensitivity was observed in the rye group compared with the wheat group. The decreases in body weight and adiposity were observed in the absence of differences in energy intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term administration of whole grain rye evokes a different metabolic profile compared with whole grain wheat in the C57BL/6J mouse, the primary difference being that whole grain rye reduces body weight and adiposity compared with whole grain wheat. In addition, whole grain rye slightly improves insulin sensitivity and lowers total plasma cholesterol.
authors: Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Lund University, BMC, Lund, Sweden. ulrika.andersson@med.lu.se
authors: Ulrika
authors: U
authors: Andersson
authors: Liza
authors: L
authors: Rosén
authors: Elin
authors: E
authors: Ostman
authors: Kristoffer
authors: K
authors: Ström
authors: Nils
authors: N
authors: Wierup
authors: Inger
authors: I
authors: Björck
authors: Cecilia
authors: C
authors: Holm
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002523:Edible Grain; D005260:Female; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012434:Secale; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014908:Triticum; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D020738:Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol