title: Detection, quantifications and pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril sulfone (Ponazuril) in cattle.
abstract: Toltrazuril sulfone (Ponazuril) is a triazine-based anti-protozoal agent with highly specific actions against apicomplexan group of organisms, which are undergoing intensive investigation. Toltrazuril sulfone may have clinical application in the treatment of Neospora. caninum and other protozoal infections in cattle. To evaluate absorption, distribution, and elimination characteristics of toltrazuril sulfone in cattle, a sensitive validated quantitative high-pressure liquid chromatography method for toltrazuril sulfone in bovine biological fluids was developed. After a single oral dose of toltrazuril sulfone at 5 mg/kg (as 150 mg/g of Marquis; Bayer HealthCare, Shawnee Mission, KS, USA), samples from six cows showed good plasma concentrations of toltrazuril sulfone, which peaked at 4821 ng/mL +/- 916 (SD) at 48 h postadministration. Thereafter, plasma concentration declined to 1950 ng/mL +/- 184 (SD) at 192 h after administration with an average plasma elimination half-life of approximately 58 h. Following oral dose of toltrazuril sulfone, the observed peak plasma concentrations were in relatively close agreement ranging from the lowest 3925 ng/mL to the highest of 6285 ng/mL with the mean peak plasma concentration being 4821 ng/mL. This study shows that toltrazuril sulfone is relatively well absorbed after oral dose in cattle. These results are therefore entirely consistent with and support the reported clinical efficacy of toltrazuril sulfone in the treatment of experimentally induced clinical cases of N. caninum and other protozoal-mediated bovine diseases.
authors: Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA. dirikolu@uiuc.edu
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Dirikolu
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Yohn
authors: E F
authors: EF
authors: Garrett
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Chakkath
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000592:standards; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000592:standards; D006207:Half-Life; D018688:Neospora / Q000187:drug effects; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014227:Triazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D003049:Coccidiostats; D014227:Triazines; C415002:ponazuril