title: Influence of different remifentanil concentrations on the performance of the surgical stress index to detect a standardized painful stimulus during sevoflurane anaesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although measurement of cerebral hypnotic drug effect and muscle relaxation is common clinical routine during anaesthesia, a reliable measurement of the neurophysiological effects evoked by a painful stimulus is still missing. Recently, the surgical stress index (SSI) has been introduced as a surrogate measure of 'nociception'. The present study aimed to examine the influence of increasing remifentanil concentrations on the ability of SSI to detect a standardized painful stimulus during sevoflurane anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients received incremental or decremental doses of 0, 2, and 4 ng ml(-1) remifentanil effect-site concentration (Ce(remi)) during 0.7 MAC sevoflurane. Painful tetanic stimulation was applied at least 5 min after changing Ce(remi). SSI, heart rate (HR), response entropy (RE), state entropy (SE), RE-SE difference, and bispectral index (BIS) were obtained in each patient before and after stimulation. Further prediction of an author-defined response to painful stimulus was analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SSI and BIS, but not HR, SE, RE, or RE-SE difference were significantly altered after stimulation. Change in SSI (Delta SSI) was significantly dependent on Ce(remi), as Delta SSI was [median (inter-quartile range)] 20 (15-31), 10 (1-19), and 3 (1-10) at 0, 2, and 4 ng ml(-1) Ce(remi). In 10 out of 63 cases, SSI detected response to stimulation, not detected by another variable. SSI was unable to predict movement after stimulation as P(K) value is 0.59 (0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SSI response to tetanic stimulation was dependent on the remifentanil concentration.
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schwanenweg 21, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. gruenewald@anaesthesie.uni-kiel.de
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gruenewald
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Meybohm
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Ilies
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Höcker
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hanss
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Scholz
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Bein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D019277:Entropy; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077208:Remifentanil; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010880:Piperidines; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil