title: Total saponins of Panax ginseng induces K562 cell differentiation by promoting internalization of the erythropoietin receptor.
abstract: Ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine with a wide range of therapeutic benefits. Total saponins of Panax ginseng (TSPG) is one of the main effective components of ginseng. Our previous studies have shown that TSPG could promote the production of normal blood cells and inhibition of the leukemia cell proliferation. However, whether ginseng can induce the differentiation of leukemia cells is still unclear. This study was to examine the effect of TSPG or the combination of erythropoietin (EPO) and TSPG on the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells, and their corresponding mechanisms regarding erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) expression. Under light and electron microscopes, the TSPG- or TSPG + EPO-treated K562 cells showed a tendency to undergo erythroid differentiation; early and intermediate erythroblast-like cells were observed. Hemoglobin and HIR2 expressions were significantly increased. As determined by Western blotting analysis, the EPOR protein level in the K562 cytoplasmic membrane was significantly decreased after TSPG treatment, while its cytoplasm level increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, the total cellular EPOR level was unchanged. These results indicate that TSPG-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells may be accompanied by the internalization of EPOR. Thus, our study suggests that treatment with a combination of TSPG and EPO may induce erythroid differentiation of K562 cells at least in part through induction of EPOR internalization.
authors: Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors: Guowei
authors: G
authors: Zuo
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Guan
authors: Dilong
authors: D
authors: Chen
authors: Chunli
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Jiang
authors: Chunyan
authors: C
authors: Luo
authors: Xiaoshu
authors: X
authors: Hu
authors: Yaping
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Jianwei
authors: J
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004900:Erythroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020014:K562 Cells; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin; D012503:Saponins; D004921:Erythropoietin