title: The surgical treatment of congenital kyphosis.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective study with clinical and radiologic evaluation of 15 patients with congenital kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis who underwent anterior instrumented spinal fusion for posterolateral or posterior hemivertebra (HV). The management of congenital kyphosis has been described in the literature using a variety of techniques. The presentation of patients at diagnosis is discussed. The question of when to begin treatment is reviewed. The pitfalls in the management and how to avoid these are discussed. The different published techniques are reviewed. We present our own techniques and our results of treatment of congenital kyphosis in very young children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of early surgical anterior instrumented fusion with partial preservation of the HV in the treatment of progressive congenital kyphosis in children below the age of 3. We discuss the management of patients presenting with neurologic compromise. We aim to systematically review the literature and to present our own experience in the management of these deformities, so that the issues common to treating physicians may be explored.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A variety of treatments have been described in the literature for the treatment of congenital kyphosis due to HV. We report the results of our technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 2005 we have treated 15 consecutive patients with progressive congenital kyphosis with anterior instrumented fusion and strut grafting. Thirteen patients had a single posterolateral HV and 2 patients had a single posterior HV. Of the 15 patients in the study, 5 were girls and 10 boys. Mean age at surgery was 22 months (range, 8-33). Mean follow-up period was 6.8 years. Thirteen HV were located in the thoracolumbar junction (T10-L2) and 2 in the thoracic spine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average operating time of procedure was 150 minutes (range, 130-210 minutes). The average blood loss was 180 mL (range, 100-330 mL), equivalent to a mean external blood volume loss of 15% (range, 11%-24%).Preoperative segmental Cobb angle averaging 34 degrees at last follow-up. Compensatory coronal cranial and caudal curves were corrected by 50%. The angle of segmental kyphosis averaged 39 degrees (range, 20 degrees-80 degrees) before surgery and 21 degrees (range, 11 degrees-40 degrees) at last follow-up. This represents a 43% of improvement of the segmental kyphosis, and a 64% of improvement of the segmental scoliosis at last follow-up. One case with initial kyphosis of 80 degrees continued to progress and required revision anterior and posterior surgery. There were no neurologic complications.
authors: Department of Spinal Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.
authors: M H H
authors: MH
authors: Noordeen
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Garrido
authors: Stewart K
authors: SK
authors: Tucker
authors: Hazem Bayoumi
authors: HB
authors: Elsebaie
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012544:Scheuermann Disease / Q000151:congenital / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome