Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in the age of liver transplantation.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most frequently encountered malignancies worldwide. Its association with cirrhosis increases the difficulty of diagnosis and therapy. Different approaches, ranging from medical treatment to highly complex ablative and surgical therapies, including liver resection and transplantation have significantly improved the outcome of this disease. This article reviews the current diagnostic challenges and the available surveillance and classification protocols. Available therapeutic approaches, indications, contraindications and outcome of liver resection, liver transplantation, living donor liver transplantation, are outlined in detail. Ablative procedures and their role and efficiency as "bridging" methods to liver transplantation are included in the review.
Martin
Adrian P
AP
Department of Surgery, Memorial Hospital Carbondale, Southern Illinois Healthcare System, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA. patriciumartin@hotmail.com
D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States