title: Entecavir for the treatment of lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of entecavir in Chinese patients with lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-five lamivudine-refractory patients with chronic hepatitis B were randomized to double-blind treatment with oral entecavir 1 mg (n = 116) or placebo (n = 29) daily for 12 weeks, followed by 36 weeks of open-label entecavir treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change from baseline in serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay at week 12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At week 12, the mean change from baseline in serum HBV DNA by PCR assay was -4.30 log(10) copies/ml for patients on entecavir compared to -0.15 log(10 )copies/ml for patients on placebo (P < .0001). Among patients with baseline serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >1 x upper limit of normal (ULN), a higher proportion of entecavir than placebo patients (68% vs. 6%, respectively) achieved ALT normalization by week 12 (P < .0001). After 48 weeks of entecavir treatment, the mean change in HBV DNA by PCR assay was -5.08 log(10) copies/ml, and 85% of patients with baseline ALT >1 x ULN had achieved ALT normalization. The safety profile of entecavir was similar to that of placebo during the first 12 weeks of blinded dosing. Entecavir was also well tolerated during 36 weeks of open-label treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients treated with entecavir demonstrated marked HBV DNA reduction and normalization of ALT in most cases. Entecavir treatment for 48 weeks was well tolerated.
authors: Immunology Disease Department, Shanghai Jing An Central Hospital, No. 259 Xikang Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China, yaogb@yahoo.com.cn.
authors: Guangbi
authors: G
authors: Yao
authors: Xiaqiu
authors: X
authors: Zhou
authors: Daozheng
authors: D
authors: Xu
authors: Baoen
authors: B
authors: Wang
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Ren
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Xu
authors: Laurie
authors: L
authors: Macdonald