Theory of the Maxwell pressure tensor and the tension in a water bridge.
A water bridge refers to an experimental "flexible cable" made up of pure de-ionized water, which can hang across two supports maintained with a sufficiently large voltage difference. The resulting electric fields within the de-ionized water flexible cable maintain a tension that sustains the water against the downward force of gravity. A detailed calculation of the water bridge tension will be provided in terms of the Maxwell pressure tensor in a dielectric fluid medium. General properties of the dielectric liquid pressure tensor are discussed along with unusual features of dielectric fluid Bernoulli flows in an electric field. The "frictionless" Bernoulli flow is closely analogous to that of a superfluid.
Widom
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A
Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Swain
J
J
Silverberg
J
J
Sivasubramanian
S
S
Srivastava
Y N
YN