title: Bilateral retinochoroiditis caused by an atypical strain of Toxoplasma gondii.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A 53-year-old man presented with an acute bilateral posterior uveitis with extensive necrotising retinochoroiditis but without chorioretinal scarring. A thorough workup did not reveal any underlying disease. The possibilities of atypical ocular toxoplasmosis as well as herpetic retinal necrosis were considered and specific therapy instituted, with little improvement. The patient died within 2 months as result of an undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry and multilocus polymerase chain reaction confirmed Toxoplasma gondii infection of the retina
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macroscopic examination of enucleated globe showed extensive retinal necrosis and vitreous detachment. Histological examination of retinal tissue identified numerous round-to-elliptical toxoplasmic cysts within the retina, with retinal necrosis and minimal choroidal inflammation. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that the cysts were due to T gondii. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections was subjected to multilocus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis at the following typing loci: SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, SAG4, B1, NTS2, GRA6 and GRA7. DNA sequencing of positive PCR products at the NTS2, SAG1 and GRA7 loci confirmed the presence of a non-archetypal strain of T gondii infecting the eye of the patient experiencing a severe, atypical ocular toxoplasmosis
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A highly divergent, non-archetypal strain of T gondii was responsible for causing a severe, atypical bilateral retinochoroiditis in a patient from Brazil.
authors: Vision Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, 04044-010, São Paulo, Brazil. jubottos@gmail.com
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Bottós
authors: R H
authors: RH
authors: Miller
authors: R N
authors: RN
authors: Belfort
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Macedo
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Belfort
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Grigg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications*; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000469:parasitology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary / Q000150:complications*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014122:Toxoplasma; D014126:Toxoplasmosis, Ocular