title: CIP2A is associated with human breast cancer aggressivity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical relevance of the recently characterized human oncoprotein cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) in human breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  CIP2A expression (mRNA and protein) was measured in three different sets of human mammary tumors and compared with clinicopathologic variables. The functional role of CIP2A in breast cancer cells was evaluated by small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of the protein followed by an analysis of cell proliferation, migration, anchorage-independent growth, and xenograft growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CIP2A mRNA is overexpressed (n = 159) and correlates with higher Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grades (n = 251) in samples from two independent human breast cancer patients. CIP2A protein was found to be overexpressed in 39% of 33 human breast cancer samples. Furthermore, CIP2A mRNA expression positively correlated with lymph node positivity of the patients and with the expression of proliferation markers and p53 mutations in the tumor samples. Moreover, CIP2A protein expression was induced in breast cancer mouse models presenting mammary gland-specific depletion of p53 and either BRCA1 or BRCA2. Functionally, CIP2A depletion was shown to inhibit the expression of its target protein c-Myc. Loss of CIP2A also inhibited anchorage-independent growth in breast cancer cells. Finally, CIP2A was shown to support MDA-MB-231 xenograft growth in nude mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that CIP2A is associated with clinical aggressivity in human breast cancer and promotes the malignant growth of breast cancer cells. Thus, these results validate the role of CIP2A as a clinically relevant human oncoprotein and warrant further investigation of CIP2A as a therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment.
authors: Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Côme
authors: Anni
authors: A
authors: Laine
authors: Maïa
authors: M
authors: Chanrion
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Edgren
authors: Elina
authors: E
authors: Mattila
authors: Xiaoling
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Jos
authors: J
authors: Jonkers
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Ivaska
authors: Jorma
authors: J
authors: Isola
authors: Jean-Marie
authors: JM
authors: Darbon
authors: Olli
authors: O
authors: Kallioniemi
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Thézenas
authors: Jukka
authors: J
authors: Westermarck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; C500266:CIP2A protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering