title: A novel method for concentrating hepatitis A virus and caliciviruses from bottled water.
abstract: Human enteric viruses are detected frequently in various types of environmental water samples, such as irrigation water, wastewater, recreational water, ground or subsurface water and even drinking water, constituting a primary source of gastroenteritis or hepatitis outbreaks. Only a few, but still infective number of viral particles are normally present in water samples, therefore an efficient virus concentration procedure is essential prior to molecular detection of the viral nucleic acid. In this study, a novel chromatographic technology, Convective Interaction Media (CIM) monolithic supports, were optimized and applied to the concentration of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and feline calicivirus (FCV), a surrogate of norovirus (NoV), from water samples. Two-step real-time RT-qPCR was used for quantitation of the virus concentration in the chromatographic fractions. Positively charged CIM QA (quaternary amine) monolithic columns were used for binding of HAV and FCV present in previously inoculated 1.5 l bottled water samples. Column bound viruses were eluted from the monolith using 1M NaCl to a final volume of 15 ml. Elution volume was concentrated further by ultracentrifugation. When the CIM/ultracentrifugation method was compared with another concentration method employing positively charged membranes and ultrafiltration, the recovery of HAV was improved by approximately 20%.
authors: Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. katarina.kovac@bf.uni-lj.si
authors: Katarina
authors: K
authors: Kovac
authors: Ion
authors: I
authors: Gutiérrez-Aguirre
authors: Marko
authors: M
authors: Banjac
authors: Matjaz
authors: M
authors: Peterka
authors: Mateja
authors: M
authors: Poljsak-Prijatelj
authors: Maja
authors: M
authors: Ravnikar
authors: Janet Zimsek
authors: JZ
authors: Mijovski
authors: Anna Charlotte
authors: AC
authors: Schultz
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Raspor
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D002415:Cats; D002845:Chromatography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000821:virology*; D017957:Hepatitis A Virus, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D012367:RNA, Viral; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014461:Ultracentrifugation; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D012367:RNA, Viral