[Cocaine: from recreational use to dependence].
Cocaine has become an essential part of the French drug scene and is the most commonly abused stimulant worldwide. The principal routes of cocaine administration are intranasal ("snorting"), intravenous ("injecting"), and inhalation ("smoking" freebase or crack cocaine). Distinct classes of primary cocaine users were identified in the literature. Cocaine dependence is a multifactorial disorder, variable in its manifestations, and heritable. It comprises distinct clinical phenomena that drive a cycle of addiction: cocaine-induced euphoria, acute withdrawal, cue-induced craving (people, places, things), loss of control with poor decision making, cocaine seeking behaviour with multiple risks taken and cocaine administration.
Karila
Laurent
L
Centre d'enseignement, de recherche et de traitement des addictions, hôpital universitaire Paul-Brousse, AP-HP, CEA-Inserm U797, université Paris-XI, 94804 Villejuif Cedex. laurent.karila@pbr.aphp.fr
Beck
François
F
Legleye
Stéphane
S
Reynaud
Michel
M
D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans