Galectin-3: a novel mediator of heart failure development and progression.
Galectins are a family of soluble beta-galactoside-binding lectins that play many important regulatory roles in inflammation, immunity, and cancer. Recently, a role for galectin-3 in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) has been suggested. Numerous studies have demonstrated the up-regulation of galectin-3 in hypertrophied hearts, its stimulatory effect on macrophage migration, fibroblast proliferation, and the development of fibrosis. The latter observation is particularly relevant as cardiac remodelling is an important determinant of the clinical outcome of HF and is linked to disease progression and poor prognosis. Because galectin-3 expression is maximal at peak fibrosis and virtually absent after recovery, routine measurement in patients with HF may prove valuable to identify those patients at highest risk for readmission or death, thus enabling physicians to tailor the level of care to individual patient needs. This review summarizes the most recent advances in galectin-3 research, with an emphasis on the role galectin-3 plays in the development and progression of HF.
de Boer
Rudolf A
RA
Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. r.a.de.boer@thorax.umcg.nl
Voors
Adriaan A
AA
Muntendam
Pieter
P
van Gilst
Wiek H
WH
van Veldhuisen
Dirk J
DJ
D015415:Biomarkers; D018450:Disease Progression; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D037502:Galectin 3; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008264:Macrophages; D011379:Prognosis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
D015415:Biomarkers; D037502:Galectin 3