title: Erythropoietin attenuates hyperoxia-induced cell death by modulation of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases.
abstract: Oxygen toxicity appears to contribute to the pathogenesis of adverse neurological outcome in survivors of preterm birth. In infant rodent brains, hyperoxia triggers widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration, induces proinflammatory cytokines and inhibits growth factor signaling cascades. Since a tissue-protective effect has been observed for recombinant erythropoietin (rEpo), we hypothesized that rEpo would influence the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Six-day-old Wistar rats were exposed to 80% oxygen for 2-48 h and received 20,000 IU rEpo i.p. Sex-matched littermates kept in room air and injected with normal saline or rEpo served as controls. Treatment with rEpo significantly reduced hyperoxia-induced upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18 in infant rodent brains on the mRNA and protein levels. In parallel, gelatin zymography in hyperoxia-treated immature rat brains revealed an upregulation of active MMP-2 which was reduced by concomitant rEpo treatment. Furthermore, hyperoxia induced upregulation of MMP-9 following 12 h of oxygen exposure and this was attenuated by rEpo treatment. Our results suggest that rEpo generates its protective effect against oxygen toxicity through a reduction of proinflammatory mediator levels.
authors: Department of Neonatology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Sifringer
authors: Kerstin
authors: K
authors: Genz
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Brait
authors: Felix
authors: F
authors: Brehmer
authors: Rebekka
authors: R
authors: Löber
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Weichelt
authors: Angela M
authors: AM
authors: Kaindl
authors: Bettina
authors: B
authors: Gerstner
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Felderhoff-Mueser
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D020382:Interleukin-18; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D004921:Erythropoietin; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D010100:Oxygen