title: Biomechanical properties of the human soft palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure biomechanical properties of the human soft palate and the variation across anatomic regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ex vivo analysis of human tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten palates harvested from 10 normal adult human cadavers (age range, 37 to 90 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer-controlled uniaxial stress-relaxation mechanical properties tested in physiological saline at 37 degrees C.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurement of Young modulus, Poisson ratio, and determination of viscoelastic constants c, tau(1), and tau(2) by curve-fitting of the reduced relaxation function to the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred sections were tested from the 10 palates, representative of 10 anatomic zones. The mean Young modulus range was 585 Pa at the posterior free edge to 1409 Pa at regions of attachment. The mean Poisson ratio in the inferior-superior direction was 0.45 (SD 0.26) and in the lateral direction, was 0.30 (SD 0.21). The mean viscoelastic constants for 1-mm extensions were C = -0.1056 (+/-0.1303), tau(1) = 11.0369 (+/-9.1865) seconds, and tau(2) = 0.2128 (+/-0.0792) seconds, and for 2-mm extensions were C = -0.1111 (+/-0.1466), tau(1) = 14.3725 (+/-5.2701) seconds, and tau(2) = 0.2094 (+/-0.0544) seconds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show agreement with values of the Young modulus estimated by authors (Ettema and Kuehn, 1994; Berry et al., 1999) undertaking finite element modeling of the palate. However, other modulus measurements based on closing pressure are considerably different. The spatial distribution of viscoelastic parameters across the palate shows good consistency.
authors: Department of Clinical Physics, St. Bartholomew's and The Royal London, London, UK. m.j.birch@qmul.ac.uk
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Birch
authors: P D
authors: PD
authors: Srodon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride