title: Transpulmonary B-type natriuretic peptide uptake and cyclic guanosine monophosphate release in heart failure and pulmonary hypertension: the effects of sildenafil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to identify factors that discriminate heart failure (HF) patients with normal and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and to elucidate the role of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent vasodilation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Mechanisms of PVR increase in patients with chronic HF are incompletely understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two HF patients with high pulmonary vascular resistance (H-PVR) (>200 dyn.s.cm(-5)) were compared with 24 matched low pulmonary vascular resistance (L-PVR) patients of similar age, sex, body size, HF severity, and volume status who were undergoing invasive hemodynamic study. Pulmonary arterial (PA) and venous blood samples from a wedged PA catheter were used to calculate transpulmonary B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) uptake and cGMP release. The H-PVR patients were re-examined 1 h after a 40-mg oral dose of sildenafil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although transpulmonary BNP uptake was similar (p = 0.2), cGMP release was diminished in the H-PVR patients (-1.9 vs. 27.8 nmol.min(-1); p = 0.005). Transpulmonary BNP uptake and cGMP release correlated in the L-PVR patients (R = 0.6, p = 0.004) but not in the H-PVR. The H-PVR patients also had lower PA compliance, systemic arterial compliance (by 47% and 20%, p < 0.001 and p < 0.03), and cardiac index. Sildenafil reduced PVR (-47%), systemic resistance (-24%) and heart rate (-8%), increased cardiac index (+24%), and PA compliance (+87%, all p < 0.001), with a parallel increase of cGMP release (from -5.6 to 16.5 nmol.min(-1), p = 0.047), without affecting BNP uptake or norepinephrine(PA). The PVR response was not dependent on PA wedge pressure or pulmonary hypertension reversibility with prostaglandin E(1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The H-PVR patients have stiffening of both pulmonary and systemic arteries, preserved transpulmonary BNP uptake, but diminished cGMP release, which is reversible by the administration of sildenafil. This study provides in vivo evidence that phosphodiesterase 5A inhibition restores sensitivity of pulmonary vasculature to endogenous cGMP-dependent vasodilators.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic. vojtech.melenovsky@ikem.cz
authors: Vojtech
authors: V
authors: Melenovsky
authors: Hikmet
authors: H
authors: Al-Hiti
authors: Ludmila
authors: L
authors: Kazdova
authors: Antonin
authors: A
authors: Jabor
authors: Petr
authors: P
authors: Syrovatka
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Malek
authors: Jiri
authors: J
authors: Kettner
authors: Josef
authors: J
authors: Kautzner
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006157:Guanosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D006157:Guanosine Monophosphate; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases