title: Insulin resistance and oxidative stress in children born small and large for gestational age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to evaluate the effect of BW and obesity on oxidative stress and IR in prepubertal SGA and LGA children compared with appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional study comparing oxidative stress and IR in 103 children categorized into 6 groups according to BW (26 SGA, 15 AGA, and 16 LGA normal-weight children) and obesity (15 SGA, 15 AGA, and 16 LGA obese children). Indexes of IR (HOMA-IR, G/I) and the marker of oxidative stress (urinary isoprostanes) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homeostasis Model Assessment was higher in both normal-weight SGA and LGA children than in normal-weight AGA children (all P <or= .02). Furthermore, a difference was detected between obese SGA and obese LGA subjects compared with normal-weight SGA (all P <or= .0007) and LGA (all P <or= .01) children, respectively. The G/I ratio was lower in the 3 obese groups than normal-weight AGA (all P <or= .009) and normal-weight SGA children (all P <or= .02). Furthermore, a difference was detected between obese SGA and obese LGA children compared with normal-weight LGA children (all P <or= .0002). Isoprostane levels were higher in both normal-weight SGA and LGA children than in normal-weight AGA children (all P <or= .002). Moreover, both obese SGA and LGA children showed higher levels than obese AGA children (all P <or= .01) and in comparison to the 3 normal-weight groups (all P <or= .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased IR and oxidative stress are already present in prepubertal normal-weight SGA and LGA children with a continuous alteration in relation to obesity, suggesting that BW and adiposity represent 2 independent risk factors for degenerative diseases.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
authors: Valentina
authors: V
authors: Chiavaroli
authors: Cosimo
authors: C
authors: Giannini
authors: Ebe
authors: E
authors: D'Adamo
authors: Tommaso
authors: T
authors: de Giorgis
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Chiarelli
authors: Angelika
authors: A
authors: Mohn
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001724:Birth Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000652:urine; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D028421:Isoprostanes; D015237:Dinoprost