title: Selective T-type calcium channel blockade alleviates hyperalgesia in ob/ob mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Morbid obesity may be accompanied by diabetes and painful diabetic neuropathy, a poorly understood condition that is manifested by mechanical or thermal allodynia and hyperalgesia. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of T-type calcium channels (T-channels) in peripheral nociception; therefore, our goal was to examine the function of these channels in the pathophysiology and development of painful diabetic neuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo testing of mechanical and thermal sensation, morphometric peripheral nerve studies, and electrophysiological and biochemical measurements were used to characterize the role of T-channels and the development of painful diabetic neuropathy in leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that ob/ob mice developed significant mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity early in life that coincided with hyperglycemia and was readily reversed with insulin therapy. These disturbances were accompanied by significant biophysical and biochemical modulation of T-channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons as measured by a large increase in the amplitude of T-currents and the expression of mRNA. The most prevalent subtype, alpha1H (Ca(v)3.2), was most strongly affected. Moreover, (3beta,5alpha,17beta)-17-hydroxyestrane-3-carbonitrile (ECN), a novel neuroactive steroid and selective T-channel antagonist, provided dose-dependent alleviation of neuropathic thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in diabetic ob/ob mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that pharmacological antagonism of T-channels is potentially an important novel therapeutic approach for the management of painful diabetic neuropathy.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. jrl3c@virginia.edu
authors: Janelle R
authors: JR
authors: Latham
authors: Sriyani
authors: S
authors: Pathirathna
authors: Miljen M
authors: MM
authors: Jagodic
authors: Won Joo
authors: WJ
authors: Choe
authors: Michaela E
authors: ME
authors: Levin
authors: Michael T
authors: MT
authors: Nelson
authors: Woo Yong
authors: WY
authors: Lee
authors: Kathiresan
authors: K
authors: Krishnan
authors: Douglas F
authors: DF
authors: Covey
authors: Slobodan M
authors: SM
authors: Todorovic
authors: Vesna
authors: V
authors: Jevtovic-Todorovic
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004962:Estranes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D055139:Sensory Gating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C115894:17-hydroxyestrane-3-carbonitrile; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type; D004962:Estranes; D009570:Nitriles