title: Effect of carbendazim resistance on trichothecene production and aggressiveness of Fusarium graminearum.
abstract: Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph, Gibberella zeae) causes head blight of cereals and contaminates grains with trichothecene mycotoxins that are harmful to humans and domesticated animals. Control of Fusarium head blight relies on carbendazim (MBC) in China, but resistance to MBC in F. graminearum is now widespread. Sixty-seven strains were evaluated for trichothecene production in shake culture or in the field. The strains included 60 wild-type strains (30 MBC-resistant and 30 MBC-sensitive), three MBC-resistant site-directed mutants at codon 167 in beta(2)-tubulin, three MBC-sensitive site-directed mutants at codon 240 in beta(2)-tubulin, and their MBC-sensitive wild-type progenitor strain ZF21. The incidence of infected spikelets and the amount of F. graminearum DNA in field grain (AFgDNA) also were evaluated for all strains. MBC resistance increased trichothecene production in shake culture or in the field. Although MBC resistance did not change the incidence of infected spikelets, it did increase AFgDNA. Tri5 gene expression increased in MBC-resistant strains grown in shake culture. We found a significant exponential relationship between trichothecene production and Tri5 gene expression in shake culture and a linear relationship between the incidence of infected spikelets or AFgDNA and trichothecene production in field grain.
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insect, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.
authors: Yan-Jun
authors: YJ
authors: Zhang
authors: Jun-Jie
authors: JJ
authors: Yu
authors: Yan-Nan
authors: YN
authors: Zhang
authors: Xiao
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Chang-Jun
authors: CJ
authors: Cheng
authors: Jan-Xin
authors: JX
authors: Wang
authors: Derek W
authors: DW
authors: Hollomon
authors: Ping-Sheng
authors: PS
authors: Fan
authors: Ming-Guo
authors: MG
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002219:Carbamates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002219:Carbamates; D014255:Trichothecenes; C006698:carbendazim