title: Gene expression signatures diagnose influenza and other symptomatic respiratory viral infections in humans.
abstract: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a common reason for seeking medical attention, and the threat of pandemic influenza will likely add to these numbers. Using human viral challenge studies with live rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza A, we developed peripheral blood gene expression signatures that distinguish individuals with symptomatic ARIs from uninfected individuals with >95% accuracy. We validated this "acute respiratory viral" signature-encompassing genes with a known role in host defense against viral infections-across each viral challenge. We also validated the signature in an independently acquired data set for influenza A and classified infected individuals from healthy controls with 100% accuracy. In the same data set, we could also distinguish viral from bacterial ARIs (93% accuracy). These results demonstrate that ARIs induce changes in human peripheral blood gene expression that can be used to diagnose a viral etiology of respiratory infection and triage symptomatic individuals.
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors: Aimee K
authors: AK
authors: Zaas
authors: Minhua
authors: M
authors: Chen
authors: Jay
authors: J
authors: Varkey
authors: Timothy
authors: T
authors: Veldman
authors: Alfred O
authors: AO
authors: Hero
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Lucas
authors: Yongsheng
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Turner
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Gilbert
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Lambkin-Williams
authors: N Christine
authors: NC
authors: Øien
authors: Bradly
authors: B
authors: Nicholson
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Kingsmore
authors: Lawrence
authors: L
authors: Carin
authors: Christopher W
authors: CW
authors: Woods
authors: Geoffrey S
authors: GS
authors: Ginsburg
mesh_terms: D001773:Blood Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000502:physiology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D018406:Virus Physiological Phenomena