title: Autophagy genes protect against Salmonella typhimurium infection and mediate insulin signaling-regulated pathogen resistance.
abstract: A conserved insulin-like pathway modulates both aging and pathogen resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the specific innate effector functions that mediate this pathogen resistance are largely unknown. Autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway, plays a role in controlling intracellular bacterial pathogen infections in cultured cells, but less is known about its role at the organismal level. We examined the effects of autophagy gene inactivation on Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella typhimurium) infection in 2 model organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans and Dictyostelium discoideum. In both organisms, genetic inactivation of the autophagy pathway increases bacterial intracellular replication, decreases animal lifespan, and results in apoptotic-independent death. In C. elegans, genetic knockdown of autophagy genes abrogates pathogen resistance conferred by a loss-of-function mutation, daf-2(e1370), in the insulin-like tyrosine kinase receptor or by over-expression of the DAF-16 FOXO transcription factor. Thus, autophagy genes play an essential role in host defense in vivo against an intracellular bacterial pathogen and mediate pathogen resistance in long-lived mutant nematodes.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors: Kailiang
authors: K
authors: Jia
authors: Collin
authors: C
authors: Thomas
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Akbar
authors: Qihua
authors: Q
authors: Sun
authors: Beverley
authors: B
authors: Adams-Huet
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Gilpin
authors: Beth
authors: B
authors: Levine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009154:Mutation; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D034622:RNA Interference; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; C477268:bec-1 protein, C elegans; C108831:daf-16 protein, C elegans; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C107483:DAF-2 protein, C elegans; D011972:Receptor, Insulin