title: Mechanistic insight into the dermal delivery from nanoparticle-coated submicron O/W emulsions.
abstract: The influence of silica nanoparticle coating of negatively and positively charged submicron emulsion oil droplets on the dermal delivery of a lipophilic fluorescent probe, acridine orange 10-nonyl bromide (AONB) using an ex vivo porcine skin model is reported. The skin retention and depth of the penetration of AONB significantly increased (p <or= 0.05) up to a skin depth of approximately 265 microm by nanoparticle coating of negative lecithin-stabilised emulsion oil droplets especially when nanoparticles were added from the water phase. The extent and depth of penetration of AONB incorporated into positively charged silica-coated oleylamine-stabilised emulsions significantly increased up to the upper dermis (approximately 290 microm) with more pronounced effect by nanoparticle incorporation from the water phase of the control oleylamine emulsion. The permeation of AONB through full-thickness porcine skin was negligible (<0.12% of the topically applied dose). The skin penetration profile of AONB was well correlated to the more facilitated transport of the electrostatically bond silica-AONB complex compared to free AONB as one of the potential mechanisms of the improved delivery. The skin permeation of silica nanoparticles was negligible (<1 microg mL(-1) after a 6-h exposure time) which demonstrated the potential of nanoparticle-coated emulsions for topical targeting.
authors: Ian Wark Research Institute, ARC Special Research Centre for Particle and Material Interfaces, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia.
authors: Nasrin Ghouchi
authors: NG
authors: Eskandar
authors: Spomenka
authors: S
authors: Simovic
authors: Clive A
authors: CA
authors: Prestidge
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D000609:Aminoacridines; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D054709:Lecithins / Q000737:chemistry; D008027:Light; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009821:Oils; D010316:Particle Size; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013552:Swine; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000609:Aminoacridines; D004655:Emulsions; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D054709:Lecithins; D009821:Oils; D014867:Water; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C041691:10-N-nonylacridinium orange; C008703:oleylamine