title: Small-incision mitral valve repair: safe, durable, and approaching perfection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To critically evaluate an initial experience with small-incision mitral valve operation with respect to safety, durability, and effectiveness.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Mitral valve (MV) surgery is dominated by a sternotomy approach, with MV repair rates which average 60%. Advantages of valvular repair compared with replacement include lower operative and long-term mortality, decreased stroke and infection risks, and superior freedom from reoperation and complications of anticoagulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Right chest small-incision MV surgery was performed on 187 consecutive patients. Outcomes including operative mortality and major morbidity were recorded. All patients underwent predismissal echocardiography in a core laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2003 and 2008, 57% (187/327) of isolated MV operations were performed using an anterolateral 6 cm 4th intercostal space small-incision. Operative techniques included femoral arterial and venous plus internal jugular cannulation and direct aortic cross-clamping. Pathology of the anterior leaflet was present in 22%, and PTFE neochordal repairs were used in 36% of cases. The rate of MV repair was 96.3% (180/187) and was 100% for patients with degenerative disease. Median cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times were 108 and 82 minutes, respectively. There were no deaths, strokes, renal failure, or wound infections. Two patients (1.1%) were re-explored for bleeding, and 27% received blood transfusions. The median hospital stay was 4 days. Clinical core laboratory-assessed freedom from significant (MR > mild) at hospital discharge was 99%. Survival at a median follow-up of 2.5 years was 99%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct visualization of the mitral valve through a right chest small-incision enables safe and effective performance of complex MV repair, with repair rates in excess of 95%.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. jgammie@smail.umaryland.edu
authors: James S
authors: JS
authors: Gammie
authors: Stephen T
authors: ST
authors: Bartlett
authors: Bartley P
authors: BP
authors: Griffith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications