Shengmai-san-mediated enhancement of regenerative responses of spinal cord axons after injury in rats.
Shengmai-san (SMS) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat diverse symptoms including cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Here we investigated the effects of SMS on regenerative responses of spinal cord axons in rats that were given contusion injury at the lower thoracic level. The injury cavity was confined to a restricted area by SMS treatment, and the signals of glial scar protein chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) and inflammatory cell marker protein CD11beta were heavily observed within the injury cavity in SMS-treated animals. Anterograde tracing of DiI-labeled corticospinal tract (CST) axons revealed increases in collateral arborization around and within the injury cavity and caudal elongation by SMS treatment. Furthermore, SMS treatment facilitated neurite elongation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons that were co-cultured with non-neuronal cells prepared from injured spinal cord. Phospho-Erk1/2 was strongly induced in both spinal cord and motor cortical areas after spinal cord injury (SCI), and it was further unregulated in the motor cortex by SMS treatment. In contrast, upregulation of cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2) production by SMS treatment was limited to a local, SCI area. These data suggest that SMS may play an active role in regenerative responses and facilitate axonal regrowth after SCI.
Seo
Tae Beom
TB
Department of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.
Baek
Kyungmin
K
Kwon
Ku-Birm
KB
Lee
Sang-Ik
SI
Lim
Jong-Soon
JS
Seol
In Chan
IC
Kim
Yoon Sik
YS
Seo
Young-Bae
YB
Namgung
Uk
U
D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C009252:fructus schizandrae, radix ginseng, radix ophiopogonis drug combination; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3