The glycerophosphoinositols: cellular metabolism and biological functions.
The glycerophosphoinositols are cellular products of phospholipase A(2) and lysolipase activities on the membrane phosphoinositides. Their intracellular concentrations can vary upon oncogenic transformation, cell differentiation and hormonal stimulation. Specific glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases are involved in their catabolism, which, as with their formation, is under hormonal regulation. With their mechanisms of action including modulation of adenylyl cyclase, intracellular calcium levels, and Rho-GTPases, the glycerophosphoinositols have diverse effects in multiple cell types: induction of cell proliferation in thyroid cells; modulation of actin cytoskeleton organisation in fibroblasts; and reduction of the invasive potential of tumour cell lines. More recent investigations include their effects in inflammatory and immune responses. Indeed, the glycerophosphoinositols enhance cytokine-dependent chemotaxis in T-lymphocytes induced by SDF-1alpha-receptor activation, indicating roles for these compounds as modulators of T-cell signalling and T-cell responses.
Corda
Daniela
D
Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy. corda@negrisud.it
Zizza
Pasquale
P
Varone
Alessia
A
Filippi
Beatrice Maria
BM
Mariggiò
Stefania
S
D000818:Animals; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D002477:Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology
D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D008055:Lipids; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; C014575:glycerylphosphoinositol