title: Phenotypic determinants of uncontrolled asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although uncontrolled asthma remains frequent, determinants of asthma control are poorly studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to estimate the distribution and the phenotypic characteristics of asthma control in 2 groups of subjects defined by the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the past 12 months, in the Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy (EGEA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred one adult current patients with asthma who participated in the follow-up of the EGEA study were included. Asthma control was assessed from survey questions reflecting asthma control, as defined in the 2006 Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. The factors analyzed were age, sex, educational level, body mass index, active and passive smoking, sensitization to aeroallergens, total IgE, rhinitis, chronic cough/phlegm, and age at asthma onset. Analyses were stratified according to ICS use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uncontrolled asthma was more frequent in ICS users (27.6%, 35.0%, and 37.4% with controlled, partly-controlled, and uncontrolled asthma respectively) compared with non-ICS users (60.0%, 23.9%, and 16.1%, respectively). In ICS users, chronic cough or phlegm and female sex were independently and significantly related to uncontrolled asthma. In non-ICS users, high total IgE and sensitization to molds were associated with uncontrolled asthma. Smoking and rhinitis were not associated with asthma control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimal asthma control remained unachieved in the majority of patients with asthma in this study. Factors associated with uncontrolled asthma were different in ICS users (chronic cough/phlegm, female sex) and non-ICS users (high total IgE and sensitization to molds).
authors: INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U823, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France. valerie.siroux@ujf-grenoble.fr
authors: Valérie
authors: V
authors: Siroux
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Boudier
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Bousquet
authors: Jean-Louis
authors: JL
authors: Bresson
authors: Jean-Luc
authors: JL
authors: Cracowski
authors: Joane
authors: J
authors: Ferran
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Gormand
authors: Jocelyne
authors: J
authors: Just
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Le Moual
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Morange
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Nadif
authors: Marie-Pierre
authors: MP
authors: Oryszczyn
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Pison
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Scheinmann
authors: Raphaëlle
authors: R
authors: Varraso
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Vervloet
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Pin
authors: Francine
authors: F
authors: Kauffmann
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000485:Allergens