title: Butein induces G(2)/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma cancer cells through ROS generation.
abstract: We investigated the molecular effects of 3,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxychalcone (butein) treatment in two human hepatoma cancer cell lines-HepG2 and Hep3B. Butein treatment inhibited cancer cell growth by inducing G(2)/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Butein-induced G(2)/M phase arrest was associated with increased ATM, Chk1, and Chk2 phosphorylations and reduced cdc25C levels. Additionally, butein treatment enhanced inactivated phospho-Cdc2 levels, reduced Cdc2 kinase activity, and generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) that was accompanied by JNK activation. The extent of butein-induced G(2)/M phase arrest significantly decreased following pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine or glutathione and following JNK phosphorylation reduction by SP600125. Both N-acetyl-l-cysteine and glutathione also decreased butein-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, these results imply a critical role of ROS and JNK in the anticancer effects of butein.
authors: Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong-Oh
authors: DO
authors: Moon
authors: Mun-Ock
authors: MO
authors: Kim
authors: Yung Hyun
authors: YH
authors: Choi
authors: Jin Won
authors: JW
authors: Hyun
authors: Weon Young
authors: WY
authors: Chang
authors: Gi-Young
authors: GY
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D047188:Chalcones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D047188:Chalcones; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C432165:pyrazolanthrone; C040918:butein; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine