title: Buprenorphine medication versus voucher contingencies in promoting abstinence from opioids and cocaine.
abstract: During a 12-week intervention, opioid dependent participants (N = 120) maintained on thrice-a-week (M, W, F) buprenorphine plus therapist and computer-based counseling were randomized to receive: (a) medication contingencies (MC = thrice weekly dosing schedule vs. daily attendance and single-day 50% dose reduction imposed upon submission of an opioid and/or cocaine positive urine sample); (b) voucher contingency (VC = escalating schedule for opioid and/or cocaine negative samples with reset for drug-positive samples); or (c) standard care (SC), with no programmed consequences for urinalysis results. VC resulted in better 12-week retention (85%) compared to MC (58%; p = 0.009), but neither differed from SC (76% retained). After adjusting for baseline differences in employment, and compared to SC, the MC group achieved 1.5 more continuous weeks of combined opioid/cocaine abstinence (p = 0.030), while the VC group had 2 more total weeks of abstinence (p = 0.048). Drug use results suggest that both the interventions were efficacious, with effects primarily in opioid rather than cocaine test results. Findings should be interpreted in light of the greater attrition associated with medication-based contingencies versus the greater monetary costs of voucher-based contingencies.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, USA.
authors: Mohit P
authors: MP
authors: Chopra
authors: Reid D
authors: RD
authors: Landes
authors: Kirstin M
authors: KM
authors: Gatchalian
authors: Lisa C
authors: LC
authors: Jackson
authors: August R
authors: AR
authors: Buchhalter
authors: Maxine L
authors: ML
authors: Stitzer
authors: Lisa A
authors: LA
authors: Marsch
authors: Warren K
authors: WK
authors: Bickel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine; D037001:Directive Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D012201:Reward; D055502:Secondary Prevention
chemical_list: D002047:Buprenorphine