Beyond marital status: the quality of the mother-father relationship and its influence on reproductive health behaviors and outcomes among unmarried low income pregnant women.
In populations where the majority of pregnancies occur to unmarried women, exploring the quality of partner relationships and reproductive health is warranted. This study assesses differences in psychosocial characteristics, health behaviors, and birth outcomes between unmarried pregnant women who reported having a 'good' relationship with their baby's father, compared to those who reported having a 'fair' or 'poor' relationship with their baby's father. This research was part of a prospective study of low-income urban women. All unmarried women (n = 3,633) enrolled during their first prenatal visit were asked questions designed to differentiate between being in a good, fair or poor relationship with the baby's father. The worse the quality of the relationship, the worse the outcome, with dose-response associations between the quality of the relationship, emotional health, health behaviors, and birthweight. Compared to women in good relationships, those in poor relationships were more likely to have depressive symptoms (aPR 1.93; 95% CI: 1.65, 2.25), stress (aPR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.35), use drugs (aPR 1.34; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.61) and smoke (aPR 1.28; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.49). Although infants born to mothers in poor relationships had the highest rate of low birth weight, the differences were not significant. Delving beyond marital status to assess the quality of partner relationships among unmarried mothers is important. Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay of individual, social and environmental factors promoting or hindering stable and supportive partner relationships among socially disadvantaged populations of pregnant women.
Bloch
Joan Rosen
JR
College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, 245 N 15th St, MS 1030, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA. jrb68@drexel.edu.
Webb
David A
DA
Department of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market Street, Suite 880, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Mathews
Leny
L
Department of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market Street, Suite 880, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Dennis
Erika Fitzpatrick
EF
Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Bennett
Ian M
IM
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Culhane
Jennifer F
JF
Department of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market Street, Suite 880, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000523:psychology*; D018456:Reproductive Medicine; D012923:Social Class; D012931:Social Environment; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult