title: Prospective study of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for staging of muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Novel imaging modalities are needed to detect occult metastatic disease in bladder carcinoma. Patients with regional lymphatic spread could be targeted for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and patients with distant metastatic disease could be spared the unnecessary morbidity of radical cystectomy. Herein, we report a prospective study of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for cT2-3N0M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three chemotherapy-naïve patients underwent FDG-PET/CT before planned cystectomy. All had negative conventional CT and bone scintigraphy before enrollment. Positive FDG-PET/CT was confirmed by percutaneous biopsy or open surgical exploration, whereas negative FDG-PET/CT was confirmed by complete lymphadenectomy. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) were described using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 14.9 months (range, 0.4 to 46.1 months). One patient who did not undergo lymphadenectomy was excluded from the pathology data analysis (n = 42), whereas another patient who failed to return for follow-up was excluded from survival analysis (n = 42). FDG-PET/CT demonstrated a positive predictive value of 78% (seven of nine), a negative predictive value of 91% (30 of 33), sensitivity of 70% (seven of 10), and specificity of 94% (30 of 32). RFS, DSS, and OS were all significantly poorer in the patients with positive FDG-PET/CT than in those with negative FDG-PET/CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG-PET/CT detected occult metastatic disease in seven of 42 patients with negative conventional preoperative evaluations. PET findings were strongly correlated with survival. As such, FDG-PET/CT may help in making treatment decisions before radical cystectomy.
authors: Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 4960 Children's Place, Box 8242, St Louis, MO 63105, USA. kibela@wustl.edu
authors: Adam S
authors: AS
authors: Kibel
authors: Farrokh
authors: F
authors: Dehdashti
authors: Matthew D
authors: MD
authors: Katz
authors: Aleksandra P
authors: AP
authors: Klim
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Grubb
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Humphrey
authors: Cary
authors: C
authors: Siegel
authors: Dengfeng
authors: D
authors: Cao
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Gao
authors: Barry A
authors: BA
authors: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18