title: Diffusion-controlled generation of a proton-motive force across a biomembrane.
abstract: Respiration in bacteria involves a sequence of energetically coupled electron and proton transfers creating an electrochemical gradient of protons (a proton-motive force) across the inner bacterial membrane. With a simple kinetic model, we analyze a redox loop mechanism of proton-motive force generation mediated by a molecular shuttle diffusing inside the membrane. This model, which includes six electron-binding and two proton-binding sites, reflects the main features of nitrate respiration in E. coli bacteria. We describe the time evolution of the proton translocation process. We find that the electron-proton electrostatic coupling on the shuttle plays a significant role in the process of energy conversion between electron and proton components. We determine the conditions where the redox loop mechanism is able to translocate protons against the transmembrane voltage gradient above 200 mV with a thermodynamic efficiency of about 37%, in the physiologically important range of temperatures from 250 to 350 K.
authors: Advanced Science Institute, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors: Anatoly Yu
authors: AY
authors: Smirnov
authors: Sergey E
authors: SE
authors: Savel'ev
authors: Franco
authors: F
authors: Nori
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D004058:Diffusion; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004579:Electron Transport; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D018892:Proton-Motive Force; D011522:Protons; D013696:Temperature; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D024482:Vitamin K 2; D006418:Heme