title: Review and meta-analysis: Benefits and risks of multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preterm birth causes infant morbidity and mortality. A single course of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) should be considered routine for preterm delivery. Benefits of therapy before 34 weeks' gestation have been established for infants born between 24 h and 7 days after treatment. It is still unclear whether multiple courses (MC) of ACS should be performed in women at risk of preterm delivery 7 days or more after initial treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the risks and benefits of MC of ACS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Search and selection for human randomized controlled trials were conducted in PubMed and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Statistical analysis was performed using the Review Manager 4.3 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MC of ACS were associated with a statistically decrease in the occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, use of surfactant, ventilation support, and any maternal side effects. This treatment was also associated with a significant reduction in birth weight and head circumference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MC of ACS in women at risk of preterm birth do not offer significant benefits concerning the composite neonatal morbidity. Data on long-term safety are still insufficient. Further evaluations, most by follow-up studies, are required to study the long-term effects.
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Bevilacqua
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Brunelli
authors: Maurizio M
authors: MM
authors: Anceschi
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000517:prevention & control; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants