Update on cystic fibrosis-related bone disease: a special focus on children.
A high prevalence of low bone mineralization is documented in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Osteopenia is present in up to 85% of adult patients and osteoporosis in 10% to 34%. In children, study results are discordant probably because of comparisons to different control populations and corrections for bone size in growing children. Malnutrition, inflammation, vitamin D and vitamin K deficiency, altered sex hormone production, glucocorticoid therapy, and physical inactivity are well known risk factors for poor bone health. Puberty is a critical period for bone mineralization and requires a careful follow-up to achieve optimal bone peak mass. Strategies for optimizing bone health, such as monitoring bone mineral density (BMD) and providing preventive care are necessary from childhood through adolescence to minimize CF-related bone disease in adult CF patients.
Sermet-Gaudelus
Isabelle
I
Centre de Référence et de Compétence en Mucoviscidose, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U 845, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Castanet
Mireille
M
Retsch-Bogart
George
G
Aris
Robert M
RM
D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000378:metabolism
D014812:Vitamin K; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D002118:Calcium