title: Solid-phase extraction and HPLC determination of fluoroquinolones in surface waters.
abstract: An investigation on filtration procedures and SPE sorbents used for the determination of traces of the most common veterinary fluoroquinolones (FQs), marbofloxacin (MAR) and enrofloxacin (ENR) used as antibacterial agents in cattle and swine farms in the province of Pavia (Italy), was performed in natural waters. The filter composition and the sorbent used in the SPE strongly influence the correct recovery, both in terms of total and dissolved FQs concentration. An accurate comparison among different filters and SPE sorbents showed that a full determination of analytes was possible on nylon filters followed by anionic (WAX) and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) resins as SPE. Quantitative analysis was done by chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). Fluoroquinolones recovery was between 90 and 116% with RSD not greater than 10% (sample volume 250 mL). The developed method allowed to determine both dissolved and NOM-absorbed fractions of FQs, therefore a full determination of the analytes was possible. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were, respectively, 0.7 and 2.2 ng/L for ENR and 2 and 6 ng/L for MAR. The kinetics of degradation under solar light was explored.
authors: Department of General Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors: Michela
authors: M
authors: Sturini
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Speltini
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Pretali
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Fasani
authors: Antonella
authors: A
authors: Profumo
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D010782:Photolysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D045483:Rivers; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water