title: Fragile X mental retardation protein is required for chemically-induced long-term potentiation of the hippocampus in adult mice.
abstract: Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common form of inherited mental retardation, is caused by the lack of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). The animal model of FXS, Fmr1 knockout mice, have deficits in the Morris water maze and trace fear memory tests, showing impairment in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. However, results for synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP), a key cellular model for learning and memory, remain inconclusive in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout mice. Here, we demonstrate that FMRP is required for glycine induced LTP (Gly-LTP) in the CA1 of hippocampus. This form of LTP requires activation of post-synaptic NMDA receptors and metabotropic glutamateric receptors, as well as the subsequent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. However, paired-pulse facilitation was not affected by glycine treatment. Genetic deletion of FMRP interrupted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, suggesting the possible role of FMRP in the regulation of the activity of ERK1/2. Our study provide strong evidences that FMRP participates in Gly-LTP in the hippocampus by regulating the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and that improper regulation of these signaling pathways may contribute to the learning and memory deficits observed in FXS.
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Yuze
authors: Y
authors: Shang
authors: Hansen
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Valentina
authors: V
authors: Mercaldo
authors: Xiangyao
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Chen
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Zhuo
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001703:Biophysics; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005998:Glycine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018684:Glycine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000379:methods; D010852:Picrotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; D000409:Alanine; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D002070:Butadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D005998:Glycine; D018684:Glycine Agents; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D009570:Nitriles; D010852:Picrotoxin; C497684:Fmr1 protein, mouse; C113580:U 0126; C000211:2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid