In vitro activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus and its major component (citral) on Leishmania amazonensis.
Leishmaniasis causes considerable mortality throughout the world, affecting more than 12 million people. Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, Family Poaceae, is a widely used herb in tropical countries and is also known as a source of ethnomedicines. In this study, the inhibitory effect and the morphological and ultrastructural alterations on Leishmania amazonensis by the essential oil (EO) of C. citratus and its main constituent, citral, were evaluated. The results showed that the antiproliferative activity of EO on promastigotes and axenic amastigotes, and intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis was significantly better than citral, and indicated a dose-dependent effect. Neither compound showed a cytotoxic effect on macrophage strain J774G8. The promastigote forms of L. amazonensis underwent remarkable morphological and ultrastructural alterations compared with untreated cultures. These alterations were visible by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy of promastigotes treated with EO and citral at concentrations corresponding to the IC(50) (1.7 and 8.0 microg/ml) and IC(90) (3.2 and 25 microg/ml), respectively, after 72 h of incubation. This study revealed that citral-rich essential oil from C. citratus has promising antileishmanial properties, and is a good candidate for further research to develop a new anti-protozoan drug.
Santin
Marta Regina
MR
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
dos Santos
Adriana Oliveira
AO
Nakamura
Celso Vataru
CV
Dias Filho
Benedito Prado
BP
Ferreira
Izabel Cristina Piloto
IC
Ueda-Nakamura
Tânia
T
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D031743:Cymbopogon / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007894:Leishmania mexicana / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008853:Microscopy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; C007076:citral