title: Within-plant distribution and emission of sesquiterpenes from Copaifera officinalis.
abstract: Copaifera officinalis, the diesel tree, is known for massive production of oleoresin, mainly composed of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. In this study, composition of these sesquiterpenes and their concentrations in leaves, stems and roots of C. officinalis at two developmental stages, including the three-week old (TW) seedlings and two-year old (TY) trees, were determined. The leaves of TW seedlings and TY trees contained similar number of sesquiterpenes, which also had comparable concentrations. The stems of TW seedlings had higher concentrations of sesquiterpenes than those of TY trees. In contrast, the number of sesquiterpene species and their concentrations in the roots of TW seedlings were much lower than those in the roots of TY trees. Cluster analysis of sesquiterpenes estimated that there are at least four terpene synthase genes involved in the production of sesquiterpenes in C. officinalis. Because sesquiterpenes are highly volatile, emissions of sesquiterpenes from healthy and wounded TW seedlings were examined using headspace analysis. Whereas very low emission of sesquiterpenes was detected from undamaged plants, the physically injured seedlings emitted a large number of sesquiterpenes, the quality and the relative quantity of which were similar to those in leaves determined using organic extraction. The implications of our findings to the biosynthetic pathways leading to the production of sesquiterpenes as well as their biological roles in C. officinalis are discussed.
authors: Department of Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, University of Tennessee, Tennessee 37996, USA. fengc@utk.edu
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Chen
authors: Hani
authors: H
authors: Al-Ahmad
authors: Blake
authors: B
authors: Joyce
authors: Nan
authors: N
authors: Zhao
authors: Tobias G
authors: TG
authors: Köllner
authors: Jörg
authors: J
authors: Degenhardt
authors: C Neal
authors: CN
authors: Stewart
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C108877:terpene synthase