title: Screening of Tanzanian medicinal plants against Plasmodium falciparum and human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: Medicinal plants used to treat infectious diseases in Bunda district, Tanzania, were screened for activity against Plasmodium falciparum and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1, IIIB strain) and Type 2 (HIV-2, ROD strain). Antiplasmodial activity was observed for the 80 % MeOH extract of Ormocarpum kirkii (root; MIC = 31.25 microg/mL), Combretum adenogonium (leaves), Euphorbia tirucalli (root), Harrisonia abyssinica (root), Rhynchosia sublobata (root), Sesbania sesban (root), Tithonia diversifolia (leaves), and Vernonia cinerascens (leaves; MIC value of 62.5 microg/mL). With regard to HIV, 80 % MeOH extracts of Barleria eranthemoides (root), Combretum adenogonium (leaves and stem bark), Elaeodedron schlechteranum (stem bark and root bark), Lannea schweinfurthii (stem bark), Terminalia mollis (stem bark and root bark), Acacia tortilis (stem bark), Ficus cycamorus (stem bark) and Indigofera colutea (shoot), as well as H2O extracts from Barleria eranthemoides (root), Combretum adenogonium (leaves and stem bark), and Terminalia mollis (stem bark and root bark) exhibited IC50 values below 10 microg/mL against HIV-1 (IIIB strain). The highest anti-HIV-1 activity value was obtained for the B. eranthemoides 80 % MeOH root extract (IC50 value 2.1 microg/mL). Only a few extracts were active against HIV-2, such as the 80 % MeOH extract from Lannea schweinfurthii (stem bark) and Elaeodedron schlechteranum (root bark), showing IC50 values < 10 microg/mL.
authors: Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors: Sheila
authors: S
authors: Maregesi
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Van Miert
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Pannecouque
authors: Mohammed H
authors: MH
authors: Feiz Haddad
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Hermans
authors: Colin W
authors: CW
authors: Wright
authors: Arnold J
authors: AJ
authors: Vlietinck
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Apers
authors: Luc
authors: L
authors: Pieters
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D004912:Erythrocytes; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018514:Plant Structures; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects; D013636:Tanzania
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts