title: X chromosome inactivation and autoimmunity.
abstract: Autoimmune diseases appear to have multiple contributing factors including genetics, epigenetics, environmental factors, and aging. The predominance of females among patients with autoimmune diseases suggests possible involvement of the X chromosome and X chromosome inactivation. X chromosome inactivation is an epigenetic event resulting in multiple levels of control for modulation of the expression of X-linked genes in normal female cells such that there remains only one active X chromosome in the cell. The extent of this control is unique among the chromosomes and has the potential for problems when regulation is disrupted. Here we discuss the X chromosome inactivation process and how the X chromosome and X chromosome inactivation may be involved in development of autoimmune disorders.
authors: Experimental HTS, Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612-9416, USA. wesley.brooks@moffitt.org
authors: Wesley H
authors: WH
authors: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000276:immunology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000276:immunology; D006105:Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000080002:Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4; D025064:Sex Chromosome Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013096:Spermine / Q000276:immunology; D049951:X Chromosome Inactivation
chemical_list: D013096:Spermine; D006867:Hydrolases; D000080002:Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4