title: Insulin: a new era for an old hormone.
abstract: All forms of diabetes have been treatable since insulin became medically available in 1921. While insulin alone produces a substantial reduction in blood-glucose levels and is thus the mainstay of treating type-1 diabetes, today's peroral agents used in treating type-2 diabetes struggle to achieve satisfactory clinical results in the absence of endogenous or exogeneous insulin. Emerging evidence suggests that insulin may not only produce symptomatic effects; recent data suggest that insulin may stimulate beta-cell recovery. In fact, short-term insulin therapy appears to result in long-term improvement in blood-glucose control, especially when administered in early stages of type-2 diabetes. During the last decade the pharmaceutical industry has largely failed to introduce new agents that can fundamentally improve the course of diabetes and the safety of artificial insulin analogs is undergoing thorough investigation. In contrast, new delivery approaches that present natural recombinant insulin to the enterohepatic circulation holds the promise of radically improving the treatment of type-2 diabetes.
authors: Bows Pharmaceuticals AG, Bahnhofstrasse 7, CH-6301 Zug, Switzerland. vsabetsky@bowspharma.com
authors: Vladimir
authors: V
authors: Sabetsky
authors: Jonas
authors: J
authors: Ekblom
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004304:Dosage Forms; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human