title: Inter-hemispheric functional coupling of eyes-closed resting EEG rhythms in adolescents with Down syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that inter-hemispheric directional functional coupling of eyes-closed resting EEG rhythms is abnormal in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eyes-closed resting EEG data were recorded in 38 DS adolescents (18.7 years +/-0.67 SE, IQ=49+/-1.9 SE) and in 17 matched normal control subjects (NYoung=19.1 years +/-0.39 SE). The EEG data were recorded from 8 electrodes (Fp1, Fp2, C3, C4, T3, T4, O1, O2) referenced to vertex. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). Power of EEG rhythms was evaluated by FFT for control purposes, whereas inter-hemispheric directional EEG functional coupling was computed by directed transfer function (DTF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, alpha, beta, and gamma power was widely higher in NYoung than DS subjects, whereas the opposite was true for delta power. As a novelty, DTF (directionality) values globally prevailed from right to left occipital areas in NYoung subjects and in the opposite direction in DS patients. A control experiment showed that this DTF difference could not be observed in the comparison between DS adults with mild cognitive impairment and normal age-matched adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate a peculiar abnormal directional inter-hemispheric interplay in visual occipital areas of DS adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direction of inter-hemispheric EEG functional coupling unveils a new abnormal brain network feature in DS adolescents.
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy.
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Babiloni
authors: Giorgio
authors: G
authors: Albertini
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Onorati
authors: Fabrizio
authors: F
authors: Vecchio
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Buffo
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Sarà
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Condoluci
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Pistoia
authors: Filippo
authors: F
authors: Carducci
authors: Paolo M
authors: PM
authors: Rossini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult