title: Cancer immunotherapy: co-stimulatory agonists and co-inhibitory antagonists.
abstract: The generation and maintenance of immune responses are controlled by both co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signalling through T cell co-receptors, many of which belong to the immunoglobulin-like superfamily or the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Agonistic or antagonistic monoclonal antibodies targeting these co-receptors have the potential to enhance immunity. Furthermore, their activity on the immunosuppressive regulatory T cell populations which are prevalent within many tumours provides an additional rationale for their use as anti-cancer therapies. This review summarizes the interactions between cancer and the immune system, highlighting the ways in which these new classes of immunostimulatory antibodies might enhance anti-tumour immunity and summarizing early clinical experience with their use.
authors: Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, UK. k.peggs@cancer.ucl.ac.uk
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Peggs
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Quezada
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Allison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000276:immunology; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha