Coordination of multiple dual oxidase-regulatory pathways in responses to commensal and infectious microbes in drosophila gut.
All metazoan guts are in permanent contact with the microbial realm. However, understanding of the exact mechanisms by which the strength of gut immune responses is regulated to achieve gut-microbe mutualism is far from complete. Here we identify a signaling network composed of complex positive and negative mechanisms that controlled the expression and activity of dual oxidase (DUOX), which 'fine tuned' the production of microbicidal reactive oxygen species depending on whether the gut encountered infectious or commensal microbes. Genetic analyses demonstrated that negative and positive regulation of DUOX was required for normal host survival in response to colonization with commensal and infectious microbes, respectively. Thus, the coordinated regulation of DUOX enables the host to achieve gut-microbe homeostasis by efficiently combating infection while tolerating commensal microbes.
Ha
Eun-Mi
EM
Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, National Creative Research Initiative Center for Symbiosystem, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, South Korea.
Lee
Kyung-Ah
KA
Seo
You Yeong
YY
Kim
Sung-Hee
SH
Lim
Jae-Hong
JH
Oh
Byung-Ha
BH
Kim
Jaesang
J
Lee
Won-Jae
WJ
D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2 / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004330:Drosophila / Q000276:immunology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D048371:MAP Kinase Kinase 3 / Q000502:physiology; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 / Q000502:physiology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D054799:Phospholipase C beta / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology
D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C505384:dual oxidase, Drosophila; C118897:peptidoglycan recognition protein; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; D048371:MAP Kinase Kinase 3; D019703:Calcineurin; D054799:Phospholipase C beta