title: Lack of association of high-risk human papillomavirus in ocular surface squamous neoplasia in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) represents a spectrum of ocular surface tumors ranging from intraepithelial to invasive. The genesis of OSSN is multifactorial, possibly including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the role of which is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 in OSSN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective and prospective noncomparative case series. In this study, histologically proven cases of OSSN were evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections (n = 50) and fresh tissues (n = 7) for the presence of HPV by polymerase chain reaction using MY09/MY11 consensus primers, HPV16 and HPV18 type-specific primers, and in situ hybridization-catalyzed reporter deposition (ISH-CARD). Cervical tumors (n = 19) along with SiHa and HeLa cell lines served as positive controls for HPV analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 48 patients with OSSN who accounted for 57 specimens, with a median patient age of 28.5 years (range, 1.5-70 years). These specimens included 36 squamous cell carcinomas and 21 conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasias. All of the cases were found to be negative for high-risk HPV using polymerase chain reaction and ISH-CARD assay, whereas the SiHa and HeLa cell lines were appropriately positive. Of the cervical tumors that served as positive controls, 18 were positive for HPV16, and 1 was positive for HPV18.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sensitive, type-specific polymerase chain reaction for detection of HPV16 and HPV18, polymerase chain reaction assay for consensus HPV sequences, and ISH-CARD did not show the presence of high-risk HPV in OSSN. Thus, HPV appears to play no significant role in the etiology of OSSN in India.
authors: Ophthalmic Pathology Services, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
authors: Guru Prasad
authors: GP
authors: Manderwad
authors: Chitra
authors: C
authors: Kannabiran
authors: Santosh G
authors: SG
authors: Honavar
authors: Geeta K
authors: GK
authors: Vemuganti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006367:HeLa Cells; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral