Worth the 'EEfRT'? The effort expenditure for rewards task as an objective measure of motivation and anhedonia.
BACKGROUND
Of the putative psychopathological endophenotypes in major depressive disorder (MDD), the anhedonic subtype is particularly well supported. Anhedonia is generally assumed to reflect aberrant motivation and reward responsivity. However, research has been limited by a lack of objective measures of reward motivation. We present the Effort-Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT or "effort"), a novel behavioral paradigm as a means of exploring effort-based decision-making in humans. Using the EEfRT, we test the hypothesis that effort-based decision-making is related to trait anhedonia.


RESULTS
61 undergraduate students participated in the experiment. Subjects completed self-report measures of mood and trait anhedonia, and completed the EEfRT. Across multiple analyses, we found a significant inverse relationship between anhedonia and willingness to expend effort for rewards.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that anhedonia is specifically associated with decreased motivation for rewards, and provide initial validation for the EEfRT as a laboratory-based behavioral measure of reward motivation and effort-based decision-making in humans.
Treadway
Michael T
MT
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. m.treadway@vanderbilt.edu
Buckholtz
Joshua W
JW
Schwartzman
Ashley N
AN
Lambert
Warren E
WE
Zald
David H
DH
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation