title: Risk factors associated with optic disc haemorrhage in patients with normal tension glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk factors associated with optic disc haemorrhage in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and eighty-one eyes of 281 patients with NTG (113 eyes with optic disc haemorrhage and 168 eyes without haemorrhage) were included in this study. Associations between optic disc haemorrhage and various patient-related variables (diabetes; hypertension; hypotension; cardiac disease; stroke; cold hand; migraine; constipation; use of steroids, aspirin, anticoagulant, or gingko extract; smoking history; and glaucoma family history) and eye-related variables (baseline intraocular pressure (IOP); maximum, minimum, and range of IOP; vertical and horizontal cup/disc ratio; mean deviation and pattern standard deviation of the visual field; corneal thickness; and average retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness measured by optical coherence tomography) were investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Differences in risk factors between patients with single optic disc haemorrhages and recurrent haemorrhages were also analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optic disc haemorrhage was associated with systemic hypertension (odds ratio, 1.998; 95% confidence interval, 1.094-3.651; P=0.001). IOP range (P=0.080), diabetes (P=0.056), and use of aspirin (P=0.079) also tended to be associated with optic disc haemorrhage. No risk factor was significantly different between the single haemorrhage group and the recurrent haemorrhage group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optic disc haemorrhage was associated with systemic hypertension in patients with NTG.
authors: Glaucoma and Cataract Services, HanGil Eye Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Y-d
authors: YD
authors: Kim
authors: S B
authors: SB
authors: Han
authors: K H
authors: KH
authors: Park
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Kim
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Seong
authors: T W
authors: TW
authors: Kim
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology; D005130:Eye Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D016015:Logistic Models; D057066:Low Tension Glaucoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014794:Visual Fields; D055815:Young Adult