title: Ethnic density in school classes and adolescent mental health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study set out to examine the association between ethnic composition of school classes and prevalence of internalising and externalising problem behaviour among ethnic minority and majority students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from the Dutch 2002 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional study with a total of 5,730 adolescents, aged 11-18 and attending secondary school, of which 931 belong to ethnic minority groups. The data were analysed using a multilevel regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study revealed that, after taking individual characteristics like age, gender, educational level and family affluence into account, ethnic minority students on average report higher levels of externalising but not internalising problems. Ethnic density on the level of school classes modified this difference, as a negative association between the proportion ethnic minority students in class and externalising problem behaviour was found, but only for ethnic minority students. No effect of ethnic composition was found with respect to internalising problem behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data revealed that ethnic minority students report higher levels of externalising problem behaviour, but only in classes with a minority of ethnic minority students and not in classes with a culturally diverse composition. This points towards a possible beneficial effect of a more culturally diverse environment for minority students. Majority students appeared to be insensitive for the ethnic density effect. Future studies should investigate the role of the ethnic composition of the school class more in-depth.
authors: Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.gieling@uu.nl
authors: Maike
authors: M
authors: Gieling
authors: Wilma
authors: W
authors: Vollebergh
authors: Saskia
authors: S
authors: van Dorsselaer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011156:Population Density; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires