title: The conjoint detrimental effect of chronic periodontal disease and systemic inflammation on asymmetric dimethyl-arginine in untreated hypertensive subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between periodontal disease indexes (PDI) and endothelial dysfunction by means of asymmetric dimethyl-arginine (ADMA) in conditions of both increased and decreased systemic inflammation in the setting of hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 108 - aged 52+/-9 years - untreated hypertensive subjects (24 h systolic/diastolic blood pressure [BP] 131+/-11/83+/-9 mmHg) with diverse severity of periodontal disease (i.e. mean clinical loss of attachment, maximum probe depth and gingival index). Subjects underwent office and ambulatory BP measurements, echocardiography, periodontal examination; while from fasting venous blood samples we assessed metabolic profile, and we measured ADMA and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With respect to the median of hsCRP and ADMA (1.79 mg/l and 0.81 micromol/l, respectively) the study population was divided in four groups: low-ADMA/low-hsCRP (n=30), low-ADMA/high-hsCRP (n=27), high-ADMA/low-hsCRP (n=21) and high-ADMA/high-hsCRP (n=30). High-ADMA/high-hsCRP group resulted significantly older compared with both low-ADMA/low-hsCRP and high-ADMA/high-hsCRP groups, while high compared with low-ADMA groups demonstrated increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. PDIs were increased in those with high compared with those with low-hsCRP, while the addition of high-ADMA contributed significantly to that comparison. After adjustment for confounders, high-ADMA/high-hsCRP was significantly associated--by means of adjusted z-scores--with mean clinical loss of attachment, maximum probe depth and gingival index by 10.33, 8.84 and 2.74 times more often with respect to the low-ADMA/low-hsCRP pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDI are associated in a dose-dependent manner with ADMA in untreated hypertensives and increased systemic inflammation further contributes to that phenomenon.
authors: First Cardiology Clinic, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece. ktsioufis@hippocratio.gr
authors: Costas
authors: C
authors: Tsioufis
authors: Costas
authors: C
authors: Thomopoulos
authors: Nikos
authors: N
authors: Soldatos
authors: Dimitris
authors: D
authors: Syrseloudis
authors: Alexandros
authors: A
authors: Kasiakogias
authors: Spiros
authors: S
authors: Silvestros
authors: Elli
authors: E
authors: Stefanadi
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Mostratou
authors: Christodoulos
authors: C
authors: Stefanadis
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine