title: Effects of S-adenosylmethionine on liver methionine metabolism and steatosis with ethanol-induced liver injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperhomocysteinemia is implicated in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. In this study, the effects of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) on hyperhomocysteinemia and steatosis with ethanol-induced liver injury in rats were examined and their mechanisms were explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups as control, model, low-dose, and high-dose SAM groups. Except the control group, all rats were fed high-fat-containing diet plus ethanol and fish oil gavaged for 8 weeks. SAM was administered by intraperitoneal injection after the 4 weeks' exposure of ethanol. Serum homocysteine (Hcy), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels were determined. The contents of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were assayed. Liver histology was also examined. The expressions of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 mRNAs in the liver were detected by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, the model group rats developed marked liver damage, accompanied by an increase in Hcy, ALT, AST, TC, TG, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1, and MDA levels. However, the levels of GSH were decreased. These responses were associated with the increased expression of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 mRNAs in the livers, as well as the existence of hepatocellular necrosis and neutrophil infiltration in the livers. In treatment groups, SAM provided significant protection from the liver injury induced by alcohol, resulting in a decrease in serum TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 levels, lipid peroxidation, and the expressions of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 mRNAs in the livers, as well as an increase in GSH levels. However, no statistical difference was observed in these parameters between the two different dose treatment groups. In the study, SAM did not affect plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAM prevents alcohol-induced liver injury in rats by reducing liver lipid peroxidation, anti-inflammation, and antihyperplasia. In addition, it does not affect the plasma tHcy levels.
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China, zjgong@163.com.
authors: Zuojiong
authors: Z
authors: Gong
authors: Shaonan
authors: S
authors: Yan
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Zhang
authors: Yanqing
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Luwen
authors: L
authors: Wang