title: Development of mental health first aid guidelines for panic attacks: a Delphi study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Panic attacks are common, and while they are not life-threatening events, they can lead to the development of panic disorder and agoraphobia. Appropriate help at the time that a panic attack occurs may decrease the fear associated with the attack and reduce the risk of developing an anxiety disorder. However, few people have the knowledge and skills required to assist. Simple first aid guidelines may help members of the public to offer help to people who experience panic attacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Delphi method was used to reach consensus in a panel of experts. Experts included 50 professionals and 6 people who had experience of panic attacks and were active in mental health advocacy. Statements about how to assist someone who is having a panic attack were sourced through a systematic search of both professional and lay literature. These statements were rated for importance as first aid guidelines by the expert and consumer panels and guidelines were written using the items most consistently endorsed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 144 statements presented to the panels, 27 were accepted. These statements were used to develop the guidelines appended to this paper.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are a number of actions which are considered to be useful for members of the public to do if they encounter someone who is having a panic attack. These guidelines will be useful in revision of curricula of mental health first aid programs. They can also be used by members of the public who want immediate information about how to assist someone who is experiencing panic attacks.
authors: ORYGEN Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia. ckel@unimelb.edu.au
authors: Claire M
authors: CM
authors: Kelly
authors: Anthony F
authors: AF
authors: Jorm
authors: Betty A
authors: BA
authors: Kitchener
mesh_terms: D032921:Consensus; D003419:Crisis Intervention / Q000193:education; D003479:Curriculum; D003697:Delphi Technique; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005392:First Aid / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010200:Panic / Q000145:classification; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016730:Program Development; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013664:Teaching Materials