title: [Economic evaluation and budget impact analysis of the Endeavor drug-eluting stent in Spain].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endeavor is a drug-eluting stent (DES) with superior results to the bare metal stent (BMS) and similar efficacy to other DES in terms of revascularization. The aim of this study was to assess the costs and benefits of Endeavor, other DES, BMS and coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Markov model with a 5-year time was used to reflect the management of patients with de novo coronary artery lesions in Spain. Model probabilities were derived from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials of Endeavor. Health resources and costs were obtained from local data and were validated by experts. Effectiveness was measured as the number of revascularizations avoided, the major adverse coronary events (MACE) avoided and the quality adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endeavor had higher total costs than the BMS. The cost per revascularization avoided with Endeavor was 6,851 euro (at 1 year) and 10,831 euro (at 5 years). In terms of cost per MACE avoided with Endeavor, the results were 7,003 euro and 11,322 euro, respectively, and in terms of costs of QALY gained were 132,877 euro, 34,229 euro and 10,505 euro at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. The budget impact of the progressive introduction of Endeavor would be practically null, representing 0.4% of the total cost of percutaneous coronary interventions at 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the Endeavor stent compared with BMS and CABG represents efficient resource use in patients with coronary artery disease, with cost-effectiveness results below the threshold of efficiency defined in Spain.
authors: Sección de Hemodinámica, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, España.
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Moreu
authors: Angel
authors: A
authors: Cequier
authors: Max
authors: M
authors: Brosa
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Rodríguez
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Crespo
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Hernández
authors: Nicolás
authors: N
authors: Vázquez
authors: Felipe
authors: F
authors: Fernández
authors: Juan M
authors: JM
authors: Ruiz-Nodar
authors: Pascal
authors: P
authors: Brasseur
mesh_terms: D002017:Budgets; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; C489443:zotarolimus; D020123:Sirolimus