Determination of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine as a metabolite of methamphetamine in rats and human liver microsomes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
The aim of this study was to determine whether methamphetamine (MA) is metabolized to 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), which is known as the main metabolite of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). After MA was intravenously administered to rats, the plasma, urine, and bile were collected periodically. HMMA together with MA and its main metabolites, amphetamine and 4-hydroxymethamphetamine, were detected in the rat plasma, urine, and bile by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, HMMA was produced when MA was incubated with human liver microsomes. HMMA may be produced as a metabolite of MA when humans have consumed MA, although the amount of HMMA would be small compared with that of MA, amphetamine, or 4-hydroxymethamphetamine. The results of the present study will be helpful in determining the type of drug used.
Kuwayama
Kenji
K
National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan. kuwayama@nrips.go.jp
Tsujikawa
Kenji
K
Miyaguchi
Hajime
H
Kanamori
Tatsuyuki
T
Iwata
Yuko T
YT
Inoue
Hiroyuki
H
D000661:Amphetamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
C079646:4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine; D008694:Methamphetamine; D000661:Amphetamine