title: Serum alpha- and beta-carotene concentrations qualitatively respond to sustained carrot feeding.
abstract: Beta-carotene is a predominant source of vitamin A in developing countries. Genetically selected "high carotene" carrots could have an impact on the vitamin A and antioxidant status of people if widely adopted. A 3 x 3 crossover study in humans (n = 10) evaluated the difference in uptake and clearance of alpha- and beta-carotene from carrots genetically selected and traditionally bred to have high, typical, or no carotene. Subjects were fed white (0 mg alpha- and beta-carotene/d), orange (1.8 mg alpha-carotene and 2.6 mg beta-carotene/d), or dark-orange (4 mg alpha-carotene and 7 mg beta-carotene/d) carrots in muffins for 11 d, with a 10-d washout phase between treatments. Serum carotenoid and retinol concentrations were measured by HPLC. C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of underlying inflammation or infection which may lower serum retinol, was measured at the beginning of each period. A significant treatment effect occurred for serum alpha- and beta-carotene concentrations (P < 0.001), and a trend towards a negative effect of subjects' BMI on concentrations (P= 0.08). A significant treatment by sequence interaction was observed (P = 0.038), which was attributable to a difference in serum alpha- and beta-carotene concentrations between carrot treatments in the first period. Serum retinol remained stable for the first 20 d of the intervention and then decreased (P = 0.02). CRP was not elevated in any subject. High carotene carrots provide more provitamin A carotenoids than the typical store-bought variety, without a change in flavor. The availability of high carotene carrots could readily increase consumption of beta-carotene and potentially impact the vitamin A status of those individuals who are deficient or at risk of depletion.
authors: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. sherry@nutrisci.wisc.edu
authors: Sherry A
authors: SA
authors: Tanumihardjo
authors: Micah A
authors: MA
authors: Horvitz
authors: Mandy Porter
authors: MP
authors: Dosti
authors: Philipp W
authors: PW
authors: Simon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood*; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids; C041635:alpha-carotene