title: Pluripotency can be rapidly and efficiently induced in human amniotic fluid-derived cells.
abstract: Direct reprogramming of human somatic cells into pluripotency has broad implications in generating patient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for disease modeling and cellular replacement therapies. However, the low efficiency and safety issues associated with generation of human iPS cells have limited their usage in clinical settings. Cell types can significantly influence reprogramming efficiency and kinetics. To date, human iPS cells have been obtained only from a few cell types. Here, we report for the first time rapid and efficient generation of iPS cells from human amniotic fluid-derived cells (hAFDCs) via ectopic expression of four human factors: OCT4/SOX2/KLF4/C-MYC. Significantly, typical single iPS cell colonies can be picked up 6 days after viral infection with high efficiency. Eight iPS cell lines have been derived. They can be continuously propagated in vitro and express pluripotency markers such as AKP, OCT4, SOX2, SSEA4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81, maintaining the normal karyotype. Transgenes are completely inactivated and the endogenous OCT4 promoter is adequately demethylated in the established iPS cell lines. Moreover, various cells and tissues from all three germ layers are found in embryoid bodies and teratomas, respectively. In addition, microarray analysis demonstrates a high correlation coefficient between hAFDC-iPS cells and human embryonic stem cells, but a low correlation coefficient between hAFDCs and hAFDC-iPS cells. Taken together, these data identify an ideal human somatic cell resource for rapid and efficient generation of iPS cells, allowing us to establish human iPS cells using more advanced approaches and possibly to establish disease- or patient-specific iPS cells.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chunliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Junmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Guilai
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Hongyao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shibo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors