title: Hepatic portal venous gas in a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer on bevacizumab therapy: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is a rare finding. It is most commonly caused by bowel necrosis and typically carries a grave prognosis. Bevacizumab has emerged as an effective standard therapy in the frontline management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although bevacizumab is associated with gastrointestinal perforation, it has not been shown to cause HPVG.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 75-year-old man, diagnosed with metastatic NSCLC, was treated with palliative chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab for six cycles. He continued on maintenance bevacizumab after that for a total of six doses, given every 3 weeks, with continued stable disease. During a surveillance CT scan 4 weeks after the last dose of bevacizumab, HPVG was shown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first case of HPVG associated with bevacizumab therapy in a patient with metastatic NSCLC. The HPVG may have been an early warning sign of impending bowel perforation, and bevacizumab was immediately discontinued, with HPVG completely resolving on follow-up CT scan 2 weeks later. We recommend that bevacizumab therapy be immediately and permanently discontinued whenever HPVG is observed, as this may help avoid a potentially catastrophic outcome.
authors.affiliation: Immunotherapy Program, Department of Oncology/Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antonia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000139:chemically induced; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011169:Portal Vein
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068258:Bevacizumab