title: Sexual functioning in women with chronic pelvic pain: the role of anxiety and depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in women is a long lasting and often disabling condition. It seems reasonable to expect that as a result of the pain, extreme fatigue and/or emotional problems, women with CPP may report a variety of sexual problems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated differences in the report of sexual problems in women with CPP compared with healthy controls, and whether the association of CPP with sexual problems was moderated or mediated by somatic and psychological factors as manifested in women suffering from CPP.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-four women with CPP and 58 age-matched controls completed self-report measures for sexual functioning, pain, physical impairment, anxiety, depression, and sexual and physical abuse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with CPP reported higher levels of vaginistic complaints, sexual avoidance, nonsensuality and sexual dissatisfaction than healthy controls. Sexual problems were associated with anxiety, depression, and sexual abuse history but not with somatic factors as pain and physical impairment. Anxiety as well as depression, irrespective of the report of sexual abuse experiences, mediated the effect of CPP on sexual problems. Sexual abuse was a general predictor of sexual problems in both women with CPP and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anxiety and depression constitute important factors in the evaluation of sexual problems in women with CPP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. m.m.ter_kuile@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Moniek M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: ter Kuile
authors.forename: Philomeen T M
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Weijenborg
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spinhoven
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000523:psychology*; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D052065:Vaginismus / Q000523:psychology