HIV-1 infection in Zambian children impairs the development and avidity maturation of measles virus-specific immunoglobulin G after vaccination and infection.
BACKGROUND
Endemic transmission of measles continues in many countries that have a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden. The effects that HIV infection has on immune responses to measles and to measles vaccine can impact measles elimination efforts. Assays to measure antibody include the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which measures immunoglobulin G (IgG) to all measles virus (MV) proteins, and the plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) assay, which measures antibody to the hemagglutinin and correlates with protection. Antibody avidity may affect neutralizing capacity.


METHODS
HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Zambian children were studied after measles vaccination (n=44) or MV infection (n=57). Laboratory or wild-type MV strains were used to infect Vero or Vero/signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (SLAM) cells in PRN assays. IgG to MV was measured by EIA, and avidity was determined by ammonium thiocyanate dissociation.


RESULTS
HIV infection impaired EIA IgG responses after vaccination and measles but not PRN responses measured using laboratory-adapted MV. Avidity was lower among HIV-infected children 3 months after vaccination and 1 and 3 months after measles. Neutralization of wild-type MV infection of Vero/SLAM cells correlated with IgG avidity.


CONCLUSIONS
Lower antibody quality and quantity in HIV-infected children after measles vaccination raise challenges for assuring the long-term protection of these children. Antibody quality in children receiving antiretroviral therapy requires assessment.
Nair
Nitya
N
W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Moss
William J
WJ
Scott
Susana
S
Mugala
Nanthalile
N
Ndhlovu
Zaza M
ZM
Lilo
Kareem
K
Ryon
Judith J
JJ
Monze
Mwaka
M
Quinn
Thomas C
TC
Cousens
Simon
S
Cutts
Felicity
F
Griffin
Diane E
DE
D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000915:Antibody Affinity; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D008459:Measles virus / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination; D015024:Zambia / Q000453:epidemiology
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D008458:Measles Vaccine
J Exp Med. 2006 Oct 30;203(11):2419-24
17030950
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996 Jan 1;11(1):31-8
8528730
J Infect Dis. 1990 Nov;162(5):1036-42
2230231
Clin Infect Dis. 1993 Aug;17 Suppl 1:S224-9
8104513
J Immunol Methods. 1986 Jan 22;86(1):83-7
3944471
Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Feb 15;46(4):523-7
18194095
J Infect Dis. 2001 Feb 15;183(4):532-8
11170977
Cell. 1993 Oct 22;75(2):295-305
8402913
Adv Immunol. 2005;86:43-112
15705419
J Exp Med. 2004 Oct 4;200(7):587-99
15508184
Curr Opin Immunol. 2005 Jun;17(3):298-302
15886120
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995 Dec 15;10(5):540-8
8548333
J Immunol Methods. 1988 Feb 10;106(2):191-4
3339255
Nature. 2000 Aug 24;406(6798):893-7
10972291
J Immunol. 2000 May 15;164(10):5482-91
10799916
Microbiol Immunol. 2004;48(9):693-702
15383706
Vaccine. 2003 Oct 1;21(27-30):4210-4
14505900
J Virol. 2001 May;75(9):4399-401
11287589
J Gen Virol. 2002 Jun;83(Pt 6):1431-1436
12029158
J Virol. 1993 Oct;67(10):6025-32
8371352
J Infect Dis. 2008 Nov 15;198(10):1457-65
18828743
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 4;104(49):19535-40
18003910
Nat Med. 2003 Sep;9(9):1209-13
12925847
Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Apr;9(4):235-45
19319142
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1988 Apr 1;37(12):183-6
2831448
Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Jul 15;35(2):189-96
12087526
Blood. 2006 Sep 1;108(5):1580-7
16645169
Vaccine. 2008 Jun 6;26(24):3016-25
18164520
J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 30;277(35):32294-301
12065582
J Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 1;196(9):1339-45
17922398
Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Dec 1;45(11):1417-24
17990222
Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Jul;29(1):106-12
10433572
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 14;103(7):2262-7
16461915
Lancet. 2007 Jan 20;369(9557):191-200
17240285
Virology. 2000 Jun 20;272(1):98-105
10873752
J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Nov;30(11):2874-80
1452657
Vaccine. 1999 Oct 29;17 Suppl 3:S47-52
10559534
Nat Immunol. 2006 Mar;7(3):302-10
16429138
Int J Epidemiol. 2008 Apr;37(2):356-67
18234739
Vaccine. 2008 Nov 25;26(50):6392-7
18834911
J Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 1;196(3):347-55
17597448
Vaccine. 2007 Dec 21;26(1):59-66
18063236
J Gen Virol. 2006 Oct;87(Pt 10):2767-2779
16963735
J Virol Methods. 1993 Oct;44(2-3):199-210
8263115
Blood. 2004 Mar 15;103(6):2180-6
14604962