title: Cognitive change effects in a semantic, a numeric, and a figure inference task.
abstract: Event-related potentials were recorded to examine the electrophysiologic correlates of the evaluation of possible answers provided during a semantic, a numeric, and a figure inference task. We examined two conditions: the probe stimulus given was what participants initially generated (Correct answer) or it was unexpected and incorrect (Unexpected Incorrect answer). Results showed that Unexpected Incorrect answers elicited a more negative ERP deflection (N320) than did Correct answers between 300-400 ms under all inference tasks. The generator of N320 effect was localized near the anterior cingulate cortex. The N320 effect, therefore, reflects an expectation violation while participants performed semantic, numeric, or figure inference task.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
authors.forename: Caiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D030141:Feedback, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011336:Probability; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult