title: Circulating inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers are associated with risk of myocardial infarction and coronary death, but not angina pectoris, in older men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The extent to which hemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers are related to angina pectoris as compared with myocardial infarction (MI) remains uncertain. We examined the relationship between a wide range of inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers, including markers of activated coagulation, fibrinolysis and endothelial dysfunction and viscosity, with incident myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary heart disease (CHD) death and incident angina pectoris uncomplicated by MI or CHD death in older men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 3217 men aged 60-79 years with no baseline CHD (angina or MI) and who were not on warfarin, followed up for 7 years during which there were 198 MI/CHD death cases and 220 incident uncomplicated angina cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inflammatory biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6, fibrinogen], plasma viscosity and hemostatic biomarkers [von Willebrand factor (VWF) and fibrin D-dimer] were associated with a significant increased risk of MI/CHD death but not with uncomplicated angina even after adjustment for age and conventional risk factors. Adjustment for CRP attenuated the relationships between VWF, fibrin D-dimer and plasma viscosity with MI/CHD death. Comparisons of differing associations with risk of MI/CHD deaths and uncomplicated angina were significant for the inflammatory markers (P < 0.05) and marginally significant for fibrin D-dimer (P = 0.05). In contrast, established risk factors including blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol were associated with both MI/CHD death and uncomplicated angina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating biomarkers of inflammation and hemostasis are associated with incident MI/CHD death but not incident angina uncomplicated by MI or CHD death in older men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK. goya@pcps.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wannamethee
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Whincup
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Shaper
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rumley
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: G D O
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000032:analysis; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D001798:Blood Proteins; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products
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