title: Endogenous nonneuronal modulators of synaptic transmission control cortical slow oscillations in vivo.
abstract: Gliotransmission, the release of molecules from astrocytes, regulates neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in situ. Whether this process affects neuronal network activity in vivo is not known. Using a combination of astrocyte-specific molecular genetics, with in vivo electrophysiology and pharmacology, we determined that gliotransmission modulates cortical slow oscillations, a rhythm characterizing nonrapid eye movement sleep. Inhibition of gliotransmission by the expression of a dominant negative SNARE domain in astrocytes affected cortical slow oscillations, reducing the duration of neuronal depolarizations and causing prolonged hyperpolarizations. These network effects result from the astrocytic modulation of intracortical synaptic transmission at two sites: a hypofunction of postsynaptic NMDA receptors, and by reducing extracellular adenosine, a loss of tonic A1 receptor-mediated inhibition. These results demonstrate that rhythmic brain activity is generated by the coordinated action of the neuronal and glial networks.
authors.affiliation: Silvio Conte Center for Integration at the Tripartite Synapse, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. tommaso.fellin@iit.it
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fellin
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Halassa
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terunuma
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Succol
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Haydon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D015870:Gene Expression; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012890:Sleep; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
chemical_list: D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D050600:SNARE Proteins
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