title: Lateral control of protein adsorption on charged polymer gradients.
abstract: This work describes the fabrication, characterization, and protein adsorption behavior of charged polymer gradients. The thin gradient films were fabricated by a two-step technique using UV-initiated free-radical polymerization in a reactor with a moving shutter. A homogeneous layer of cationic poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) was first formed, followed by a layer of oppositely charged poly(2-carboxyethyl acrylate) with a continuously increasing thickness. Adsorption from protein solutions as well as human blood plasma was investigated by imaging surface plasmon resonance and infrared microscopy. The results showed excessive protein adsorption in the areas where one of the polymers dominated the composition, while there was a clear minimum at an intermediate position of the gradient. The charge of the surface was estimated by direct force measurements and found to correlate well with the protein adsorption, showing the lowest net charge in the same area as the protein adsorption minimum. We therefore hypothesize that a combination of the charged polymers, in the right proportions, can result in a protein-resistant surface due to balanced charges.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE- 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ekblad
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Feng-I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ederth
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liedberg
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance; D013499:Surface Properties; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005609:Free Radicals; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D009113:Muramidase