title: Antimycobacterial activity of lichen substances.
abstract: We describe here the extraction and identification of several classes of phenolic compounds from the lichens Parmotrema dilatatum (Vain.) Hale, Parmotrema tinctorum (Nyl.) Hale, Pseudoparmelia sphaerospora (Nyl.) Hale and Usnea subcavata (Motyka) and determined their anti-tubercular activity. The depsides (atranorin, diffractaic and lecanoric acids), depsidones (protocetraric, salazinic, hypostictic and norstictic acids), xanthones (lichexanthone and secalonic acid), and usnic acid, as well seven orsellinic acid esters, five salazinic acid 8',9'-O-alkyl derivatives and four lichexanthone derivatives, were evaluated for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diffractaic acid was the most active compound (MIC value 15.6mug/ml, 41.6 microM), followed by norstictic acid (MIC value 62.5 microg/ml, 168 microM) and usnic acid (MIC value 62.5 microg/ml, 182 microM). Hypostictic acid (MIC value 94.0 microg/ml, 251 microM) and protocetraric acid (MIC value 125 microg/ml, 334 microM) showed moderate inhibitory activity. The other compounds showed lower inhibitory activity on the growth of M. tuberculosis, varying from MIC values of 250 to 1370 microM.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Departamento de Química, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. nkhonda@nin.ufms.br
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Pavan
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: de Andrade Leite
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Micheletti
authors.forename: T I B
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Misutsu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beatriz
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Brum
authors.forename: C Q F
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Leite
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008011:Lichens / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020949:Usnea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts