title: Bromodeoxyuridine infused into the cerebral ventricle of adult mice labels nigral neurons under physiological conditions--a method to detect newborn nerve cells in regions with a low rate of neurogenesis.
abstract: Methodological differences may explain discrepancies in adult mammalian neurogenesis in the brain outside the widely accepted neurogenic regions, i.e. hippocampus and olfactory bulb/subventricular zone. Here, we describe a method to dissolve and administer bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at high concentrations (150mg/mL) into the adult mouse brain to demonstrate neuronal incorporation of this thymidine analogue in CNS regions with a low rate of neurogenesis. The dosage and duration of BrdU appear critical, since exposure to low doses did not result in a robust label using this marker for proliferation [Zhao et al., 2003. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100; 7925]. Mice (five per cage in an enriched environment) received BrdU in the right cerebral ventricle from a subcutaneous osmotic pump (0.9mg/day, 3 weeks, infused at 0.25microL/h). To avoid labelling of cells with a fast turnover, the mice were allowed to survive 3 weeks after ending the BrdU delivery. Midbrain sections were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry, post-fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, denaturated with 2N HCl and 0.025% pepsin, followed by immunolabelling of nuclear BrdU in single-stranded DNA. Double-labelled cells were analysed in a confocal laser microscope and showed segmented nuclear BrdU-label surrounded by TH-immunoreactive cytoplasm, never displaying apoptotic morphological features. Nigral neuronal proliferation was confirmed using another marker [(3)H]thymidine, delivered via an intraperitoneal osmotic pump. The protocol was well tolerated by the mice and not found to be toxic for the region studied, i.e. did not alter the total number of nigral neurons identified with TH/cresyl violet immunohistochemistry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. kjmd2009@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ann Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Janson Lang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D013936:Thymidine