title: Elevated serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors correlate with aberrant energy metabolism in liver cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Protein-energy malnutrition is frequently observed in patients with liver cirrhosis and is associated with their poor prognosis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is elevated in those patients and may contribute to the alterations of energy metabolism. Our aim was to characterize the aberrant energy metabolism in cirrhotic patients with regard to TNF-alpha.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients (mean age 65 +/- 6 y) with viral liver cirrhosis who did not have hepatocellular carcinoma or acute infections were studied. Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited after matching for age, gender, and body mass index with the patients and served as controls (59 +/- 8 y). Serum levels of TNF-alpha, soluble 55-kDa TNF receptor (sTNF-R55), soluble 75-kDa TNF receptor (sTNF-R75), and leptin were determined by immunoassay. Substrate oxidation rates of carbohydrate and fat were estimated by indirect calorimetry after overnight bedrest and fasting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cirrhotic patients, serum levels of TNF-alpha, sTNF-R55, and sTNF-R75 were significantly higher than those in the controls and correlated with the increasing grade of disease severity as defined by Child-Pugh classification. Serum leptin concentration was not different between cirrhotics and controls but correlated with their body mass index. The decrease in substrate oxidation rate of carbohydrate and the increase in substrate oxidation rate of fat significantly correlated with serum TNF-alpha, sTNF-R55, and sTNF-R75 concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha might be associated with the aberrant energy metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan. mshiraki-gif@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terakura
authors.forename: Junpei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagaki
authors.forename: Hisataka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriwaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D020738:Leptin; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha