title: Effect of antimicrobial compounds tylosin and chlortetracycline during batch anaerobic swine manure digestion.
abstract: Tylosin and chlortetracycline (CTC) are antimicrobial chemicals that are fed to >45% of the US swine herds at therapeutic and sub-therapeutic dosages to enhance growth rates and treat swine health problems. These compounds are poorly absorbed during digestion so that the bioactive compound or metabolites are excreted. This study investigated the degradation and stabilization of swine manure that contained no additives and compared the observed processes with those of manure containing either tylosin or CTC. The batch anaerobic incubation lasted 216 days. The breakdown of insoluble organic matter through anaerobic hydrolysis reactions was faster for manure containing CTC compared with tylosin or no-antimicrobial treatments. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation, including acetate, butyrate, and propionate, was greater for CTC-containing manure compared to tylosin and no-antimicrobial treatments. The relative abundance of two aceticlastic methanogens, Methanosaetaceae and Methanosarcinaceae spp., were less for CTC manure than manure with no-antimicrobial treatment. In addition, generation of methane and carbon dioxide was inhibited by 27.8% and 28.4%, respectively, due to the presence of CTC. Tylosin effects on manure degradation were limited, however the relative abundance of Methanosarcinaceae spp. was greater than found in the CTC or no-antimicrobial manures. These data suggest that acetate and other C-1 VFA compounds would be effectively utilized during methanogenesis in the presence of tylosin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA. james.stone@sdsmt.edu
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Clay
authors.forename: Zhenwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Kwok L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Laura R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Porath
authors.forename: Garth M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Spellman
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002751:Chlortetracycline / Q000378:metabolism*; D017753:Ecosystem; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D017019:Methanosarcinaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D019640:Methanosarcinales / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D015645:Tylosin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D008372:Manure; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008697:Methane; D002751:Chlortetracycline; D015645:Tylosin