title: Ischemic preconditioning and post-conditioning to decrease testicular torsion-detorsion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main pathophysiology of torsion-detorsion is associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury in the testis caused by the twisted spermatic cord and its release. It is most likely mediated by oxygen free radicals. We investigated the effects of ischemic preconditioning and post-conditioning on rat testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (SLC, Shizuoka, Japan) were randomly divided into 4 age matched groups, including 1-control sham operation, 2-60-minute ischemia/120-minute reperfusion, 3-3 cycles of 5-minute ischemia/5-minute reperfusion and then 60-minute ischemia/120-minute reperfusion (ischemic preconditioning) and 4-60-minute ischemia, 5 cycles of 10-second reperfusion/10-second ischemia and then 120-minute reperfusion (ischemic post-conditioning). After sacrifice the levels of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, heat shock protein 70 protein and mRNA, and DNA fragmentation were measured in the rat testes. Testicular tissue was also histologically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, myeloperoxidase, heat shock protein 70 mRNA, superoxide dismutase, catalase, DNA fragmentation and apoptosis cells were significantly higher in the ischemia-reperfusion group than in controls. Ischemic preconditioning decreased histological parameters, including vacuolation and necrosis, and decreased malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, myeloperoxidase, heat shock protein 70 mRNA but not protein, superoxide dismutase, catalase, DNA fragmentation and apoptosis compared to the ischemia-reperfusion group. Ischemic post-conditioning ameliorated 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, superoxide dismutase, heat shock protein 70 mRNA, DNA fragmentation and apoptosis compared to the ischemia-reperfusion group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that ischemic preconditioning and post-conditioning ameliorated the testicular damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago City, Tottori, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Motoaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yukako
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shomori
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000503:physiopathology*