title: Transcatheter atrial septal defect closure with the Amplatzer atrial septal occluder in 13 dogs: short- and mid-term outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure in the dog was first reported in 2005.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Describe the technique and both short- and mid-term outcome of transcatheter ASD closure with the Amplatzer atrial septal occluder (ASO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen client-owned dogs with ASD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of the initial 13 dogs in which transcatheter ASD closure was attempted at Texas A&M University were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All dogs had hemodynamically relevant septum secundum ASD. Two dogs had concurrent congenital abnormalities. ASOs were deployed in 13 dogs and released in 12. Eleven were released by a right jugular approach and 1 by a transatrial approach through a right lateral thoracotomy. Transthoracic echocardiographic estimates of ASD size were 14.0 + or - 5.4 mm (mean + or - 1 standard deviation) with a range of 7-22 mm. Accidental right atrial release occurred in 1 dog and embolization after release occurred in 2 dogs. Transcatheter ASD closure was successful in 10 dogs. Transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography the day after ASD closure indicated complete occlusion in 5 dogs, trivial to mild residual shunting in 4 dogs, and moderate residual shunting in 1 dog. Follow-up echocardiograms (mean of 12.4 + or - 7.4 months postprocedure) were available for 9 dogs. There was no residual ASD shunting in 6 dogs. In 3 of the 5 dogs with postoperative residual shunting it was judged to be decreased and hemodynamically unimportant relative to the dogs' postoperative evaluations. The mean length of event-free survival in the 10 dogs that underwent successful transcatheter ASD closure was 22.2 + or - 10.2 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA. sgordon@cvm.tamu.edu
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Roland
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Achen
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Drourr
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000662:veterinary*; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000662:veterinary*; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies