Epilepsia partialis continua in type 1 diabetes: evolution into epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-waves during slow sleep.
Hyperglycemic status may be rarely complicated by Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) that usually responds to metabolic normalization. Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-Ab) play a pivotal role in the autoimmune process that leads to clinical onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). GAD-Ab have been recently reported in association with rare forms of refractory epilepsy, with or without association to T1DM. Here we describe a young patient who developed EPC five months after T1DM onset; GAD-Ab were detected in his cerebrospinal fluid with evidence of oligoclonal bands. His epileptic disorder evolved over time into drug-resistant epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow sleep and severe behavioral impairment. The role of both metabolic imbalance and GAD autoimmunity is discussed.
Baglietto
Maria Giuseppina
MG
OU Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Largo G Gaslini 5, 16100 Genoa, Italy.
Mancardi
Maria Margherita
MM
Giannattasio
Alessandro
A
Minuto
Nicola
N
Rossi
Andrea
A
Capovilla
Giuseppe
G
Veneselli
Edvige
E
Lorini
Renata
R
d'Annunzio
Giuseppe
G
D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D017036:Epilepsia Partialis Continua / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D043025:Oligoclonal Bands / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
D001323:Autoantibodies; D043025:Oligoclonal Bands; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase
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