Non-intentional but not automatic: reduction of word- and arrow-based compatibility effects by sound distractors in the same categorical domain.
In the current study, we show that the non-intentional processing of visually presented words and symbols can be attenuated by sounds. Importantly, this attenuation is dependent on the similarity in categorical domain between the sounds and words or symbols. Participants performed a task in which left or right responses were made contingent on the color of a centrally presented target that was either a location word (LEFT or RIGHT) or a left or right arrow. Responses were faster when they were on the side congruent with the word or arrow. This bias was reduced for location words by a neutral spoken word and for arrows by a tone series, but not vice versa. We suggest that words and symbols are processed with minimal attentional requirements until they are categorized into specific knowledge domains, but then become sensitive to other information within the same domain regardless of the similarity between modalities.
Miles
James D
JD
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third St, W. Lafayette, IN, 47907-2081, USA. jmiles@purdue.edu
Proctor
Robert W
RW
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001245:Association Learning; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007802:Language; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010470:Perceptual Masking / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012660:Semantics; D013016:Sound; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013561:Symbolism; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
J Appl Psychol. 1967 Jun;51(3):300-4
6045637
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2009 Oct;71(7):1598-606
19801619
Percept Psychophys. 1989 Jan;45(1):77-81; discussion 82-6
2913574
Cognition. 2006 Mar;99(2):113-29
15925355
Neuroimage. 2009 Apr 15;45(3):984-92
19167506
Percept Mot Skills. 1990 Jun;70(3 Pt 2):1155-61
2399091
Percept Psychophys. 2003 Apr;65(3):359-66
12785066
J Cogn Neurosci. 2002 Feb 15;14(2):145-59
11970782
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2005 Feb;31(1):3-13
15709859
Psychol Res. 2003 Feb;67(1):30-42
12589448
Percept Psychophys. 1987 May;41(5):393-401
3601620
Percept Psychophys. 1998 Jul;60(5):761-7
9682602
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1983 Aug;9(4):497-509
6224888
Psychon Bull Rev. 1995 Jun;2(2):174-207
24203654
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1995 Nov;21(6):1395-411
7490574