title: Macronutrient-specific effect of FTO rs9939609 in response to a 10-week randomized hypo-energetic diet among obese Europeans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The A risk allele of rs9939609 of the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO) increases body fat mass.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether FTO rs9939609 affects obese individuals' response to a high-fat, low-carbohydrate (CHO) (HF) or low-fat, high-CHO (LF), hypo-energetic diet and whether the effect of the FTO variant depends on dietary fat and CHO content.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 10-week, European, multi-centre dietary intervention study 771 obese women and men were randomized to either LF (20-25% of energy (%E) from fat, 60-65%E from CHO) or HF (40-45%E from fat, 40-45%E from CHO), hypo-energetic diet (measured resting metabolic rate multiplied by 1.3-600 kcal day(-1)). Body weight, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), waist circumference (WC), resting energy expenditure (REE), fasting fat oxidation as % of REE (FatOx), insulin release (HOMA-beta) and a surrogate measure of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured at baseline and after the intervention. In all, 764 individuals were genotyped for FTO rs9939609.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For A-allele carriers the drop-out rate was higher on HF than LF diet (in AT, P=0.002; in AT/AA combined, P=0.003). Among those individuals completing the intervention, we found no effect of FTO rs9939609 genotype on Deltaweight, DeltaFM, DeltaFFM, DeltaWC or DeltaFatOx. However, participants with TT had a smaller reduction in REE on LF than on HF diet (75 kcal/24 h; interaction: P=0.0055). These individuals also showed the greatest reduction in HOMA-beta and HOMA-IR (interaction: P=0.0083 and P=0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FTO rs9939609 may interact with the macronutrient composition in weight loss diets in various ways; carriers of the A allele on LF diet appear to have a lower risk for drop out, and TT individuals have a smaller decrease in REE and greater decrease in HOMA-beta and HOMA-IR on LF than on HF diet.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Centre for Health and Society, Copenhagen, Denmark. kg@ipm.regionh.dk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grau
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
authors.forename: W H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rössner
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oppert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langin
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: T I A
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; D015992:Body Mass Index; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000235:genetics*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D011506:Proteins; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; C526492:FTO protein, human