title: Extra-adrenal paraganglioma: presentation in three uncommon locations.
abstract: Extra-adrenal paragangliomata are uncommon entities. They can be classified into four basic groups according to their anatomical sites, i.e. branchiomeric, intravagal, aorticosympathetic and visceral autonomic. Similar tumours may arise in sites away from the usual distribution of the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, e.g. orbit, nose, small intestine and even in the pancreas. We report three instructive cases of extra-adrenal paraganglioma which were found in unusual sites such as urinary bladder, thyroid gland and on the wall of the inferior vena cava.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. keinseong@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kein-Seong
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.forename: Jayalakshmi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pailoor
authors.forename: Kai-Soon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pillay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010236:Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000378:metabolism; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053379:Chromogranin A; D009418:S100 Proteins; D016708:Synaptophysin