title: Nonoperative treatment of thoracic and lumbar spine fractures: a prospective randomized study of different treatment options.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare nonoperative treatment methods for traumatic thoracic and lumbar compression fractures and burst fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized controlled trial with long-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two general hospitals in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a traumatic thoracic or lumbar spine fracture, without neurologic damage, with less than 50% loss of height of the anterior column and less than 30% reduction of the spinal canal were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in the compression group were randomized to physical therapy and postural instructions, a brace for 6 weeks, or a Plaster of Paris cast for 6 or 12 weeks. Patients in the burst group received a brace or a Plaster of Paris cast, both for 12 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up examinations included radiographs, Visual Analogue Scores for toleration of treatment and persistent pain, and an Oswestry Disability Index at long-term follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 133 patients: 108 in the compression group and 25 in the burst group. For compression fractures, physical therapy and brace were considered the most tolerable. Brace therapy scored significantly better on the Visual Analogue Scores for residual pain and on the Oswestry Disability Index. None of the treatments had any significant effect on the residual deformity measurements. For burst fractures, no significant differences were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brace treatment with supplementary physical therapy is the treatment of choice for patients with compression fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Furthermore, more than 20% of all patients had moderate or severe back pain at long-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. a.stadhouder-2@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Agnita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stadhouder
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buskens
authors.forename: Diederik A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Vergroesen
authors.forename: Malcolm W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Fidler
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Nies
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Oner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001915:Braces; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult