title: Impact of dietary intake, education, and physical activity on bone mineral density among North Indian women.
abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of dietary nutrients and bone mineral density (BMD) in North Indian women. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2006 to March 2008. Subjects included 255 healthy women, aged 20-69 years, who were relatives of patients being admitted in the hospital. Various demographic characteristics including socioeconomic status and serum parameters in relationship to BMD were evaluated. In addition, the daily dietary intake of energy, protein, fat, and calcium and the amount of physical activity were assessed. BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and Ward's triangle was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and educational level were positively correlated with BMD. The daily intakes of energy (1563.4 +/- 267.2 kcal) and protein (48.7 +/- 8.7 g) were below the recommended dietary allowance. Daily dietary energy, protein, and calcium intakes were correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses showed that age, BMI, and physical activity were significant predictors for BMD at all sites. In addition, energy intake was also a predictor for BMD at the lumbar spine. The protein intake was associated with BMD at the spine (P = 0.02 and beta = 0.163) even after making adjustments for energy intake. Thus, dietary pattern coupled with higher education levels and greater physical activity favored bone health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Soniya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orito
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishitani
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohta
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D002118:Calcium
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