title: Human genomic diversity, viral genomics and proteomics, as exemplified by human papillomaviruses and H5N1 influenza viruses.
abstract: The diversity of hosts, pathogens and host-pathogen relationships reflects the influence of selective pressures that fuel diversity through ongoing interactions with other rapidly evolving molecules in the environment. This paper discusses specific examples illustrating the phenomenon of diversity of hosts and pathogens, with special reference to human papillomaviruses and H5N1 influenza viruses. We also review the influence of diverse host-pathogen interactions that determine the pathophysiology of infections, and their responses to drugs or vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Meena K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sakharkar
authors.forename: Kishore R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sakharkar
authors.forename: Vincent T K
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D015894:Genome, Human; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D040901:Proteomics; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
references.citation: J Proteome Res. 2006 Aug;5(8):1829-42
references.pmid: 16889404
references.citation: Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2007;9:289-320
references.pmid: 17391067
references.citation: Ann Acad Med Singap. 2008 Jun;37(6):451-3
references.pmid: 18618054
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2007 Sep 1;23(17):2337-8
references.pmid: 17599940
references.citation: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Mar;81(3):328-45
references.pmid: 17339863
references.citation: Gynecol Oncol. 2008 May;109(2 Suppl):S15-21
references.pmid: 18474288
references.citation: Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2001;2:9-39
references.pmid: 11701642
references.citation: Clin Pharmacokinet. 2006;45(3):253-85
references.pmid: 16509759
references.citation: J Pathol. 2006 Jan;208(2):152-64
references.pmid: 16362994
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 13;104(11):4473-8
references.pmid: 17360548
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2006 May 10;24(14):2151-7
references.pmid: 16682733
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2007 Aug 15;23(16):2046-53
references.pmid: 17545177
references.citation: Virus Genes. 2007 Jun;34(3):283-7
references.pmid: 16924425
references.citation: EMBO J. 1987 Dec 1;6(12):3735-43
references.pmid: 2828035
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Sep;29(9):1765-72
references.pmid: 1663516
references.citation: Pharmacogenomics J. 2001;1(1):6-9
references.pmid: 11913729
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jul;92(7):2590-7
references.pmid: 17595259
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Jan;40(1):3-11
references.pmid: 9888420
references.citation: Nature. 1999 Apr 15;398(6728):545-6
references.pmid: 10217129
references.citation: Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2003 Dec;4(6):351-78
references.pmid: 14683431
references.citation: J Am Board Fam Pract. 2001 Jul-Aug;14(4):266-73
references.pmid: 11458969
references.citation: Pharmacogenomics. 2006 Apr;7(3):311-29
references.pmid: 16610942
references.citation: Biophys J. 2007 Mar 1;92(5):1439-56
references.pmid: 17158572
references.citation: Pharmacogenomics J. 2001;1(3):167-70
references.pmid: 11908751
references.citation: Genome Res. 2001 Jun;11(6):927-9
references.pmid: 11381021
references.citation: Vitam Horm. 2004;69:271-95
references.pmid: 15196886
references.citation: Hum Mutat. 2001 Apr;17(4):263-70
references.pmid: 11295823
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Apr;34(4):802-9
references.pmid: 8815087
references.citation: Genome Biol. 2003;4(11):R72
references.pmid: 14611658
references.citation: Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:101-21
references.pmid: 11264452
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Oct 27;437(7063):1299-320
references.pmid: 16255080
references.citation: Virology. 2004 Jun 20;324(1):17-27
references.pmid: 15183049
references.citation: Virology. 2003 May 25;310(1):100-8
references.pmid: 12788634
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 1999 Nov;80 ( Pt 11):2923-2929
references.pmid: 10580054
references.citation: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007;39(6):1156-64
references.pmid: 17446117
references.citation: J Virol. 2003 Mar;77(5):2819-31
references.pmid: 12584305
references.citation: J Virol. 1992 Apr;66(4):2057-66
references.pmid: 1312620
references.citation: J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(11):6732-40
references.pmid: 15890911
references.citation: Gene. 1999 Jul 8;234(2):177-86
references.pmid: 10395891
references.citation: Virology. 1998 Jan 20;240(2):359-65
references.pmid: 9454709
references.citation: Microbes Infect. 2009 Jan;11(1):2-11
references.pmid: 18983930
references.citation: EMBO J. 1991 Feb;10(2):449-57
references.pmid: 1846806
references.citation: Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2005 Jan;4(1):103-28
references.pmid: 15709902
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Oct 27;437(7063):1241-2
references.pmid: 16251937