Enhanced humoral and Type 1 cellular immune responses with Fluzone adjuvanted with a synthetic TLR4 agonist formulated in an emulsion.
Impairments in anti-influenza T helper 1 (Th1) responses are associated with greater risk of influenza-related mortality in the elderly. Addition of adjuvants to existing influenza vaccines could improve immune responses in the elderly. In this study, the activity of three adjuvants, an oil-in-water emulsion and a synthetic lipid A adjuvant formulated with or without the emulsion, is compared. Our results show that Fluzone combined with lipid A plus an emulsion effectively leads to greater vaccine-specific IgG2a and IgG titers, enhances hemagglutination-inhibition titers and induces Type 1 cytokine responses (IFN-gamma and IL-2) to each of the Fluzone components.
Baldwin
Susan L
SL
Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1124 Columbia Street, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98104, United States. sbaldwin@idri.org
Shaverdian
Narek
N
Goto
Yasuyuki
Y
Duthie
Malcolm S
MS
Raman
Vanitha S
VS
Evers
Tara
T
Mompoint
Farah
F
Vedvick
Thomas S
TS
Bertholet
Sylvie
S
Coler
Rhea N
RN
Reed
Steven G
SG
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002460:Cell Line; D004655:Emulsions / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D008050:Lipid A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000819:agonists*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004655:Emulsions; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008050:Lipid A; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D007371:Interferon-gamma