title: Toll-like receptor 2 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 promote central nervous system neuroinflammation in progressive EAE.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that begins as a relapsing-remitting disease (RRMS) and is followed by a progressive phase (SPMS). The progressive phase causes the greatest disability and has no effective therapy, but the processes that drive SPMS are mostly unknown. Here we found higher serum concentrations of 15alpha-hydroxicholestene (15-HC) in patients with SPMS and in mice with secondary progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) but not in patients with RRMS. In mice, 15-HC activated microglia, macrophages and astrocytes through a pathway involving Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). PARP-1 activity was higher in monocytes of patients with SPMS, and PARP-1 inhibition suppressed the progression of EAE. Thus, the TLR2-PARP-1 pathway is a potential new therapeutic target in SPMS.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Mauricio F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Farez
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.forename: Roopali
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Howard L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000276:immunology*; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000502:physiology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006888:Hydroxycholesterols; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; C499321:Parp1 protein, mouse; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
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