title: Biodegradation of anthraquinone dyes by Shewanella sp. NTOU1 under anaerobic conditions.
abstract: Shewanella sp. NTOU1 was able to decolorize a range of anthraquinone dyes [Reactive Blue 4 (RB4), Reactive Blue 19 (RB19), Mordant Red 11 (MR11), Disperse Red 15 (DR15), and Disperse Blue 3 (DB3)] under anaerobic conditions. By supplementing the medium with formate and ferric citrate as the electron donor and acceptor, respectively and cultivating it under the optimum pH (8-9) and temperature (45 degrees C), this strain could decolorize these dyes (1,000 mg/L) at the initial color removal rates of 15-126 mg/L/h and the rates among them were RB19 > RB4 > DB3 > DR15 > MR11. The extent of color removal was in the range of 90-98% for RB19, 86-96% for RB4, 39-41% for MR11, 69-82% for DR15, and 89-91% for DB3. Based on the decolorization products detected by means of GC/MS analyses, probable pathways for the decolorization of these dyes by this strain were proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, National Kinmen Institute of Technology, 1-University Road, Kinmen, Chinese Taiwan. c3653@ms18.hinet.net
authors.forename: Wei-Chiung
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shiu-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004583:Electrons; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D020592:Shewanella / Q000378:metabolism*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D004396:Coloring Agents