title: Excessive working hours and health complaints among hospital physicians: a study based on a national sample of hospital physicians in Germany.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine correlations between excessively long working hours and subjectively experienced somatic health complaints among hospital physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative data were collected as part of the survey "Working life, Lifestyle and Health of Hospital Physicians in Germany 2006" using self-reporting questionnaires. The individually experienced health was assessed on the basis of Zerssen's list of somatic complaints. The indicator of excessively long working hours was defined as 10 or more working hours per working day and 6 or more on-call shifts a month among full-time employees. The net sample consisted of 3295 randomly selected physicians from 515 hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 58% (n=1917). Physicians with excessively long working hours (19%) had significantly higher sum score of health complaints (p=0.0001) and significantly increased mental and physical fatigue symptoms (feeling faint, languor, uneasiness, heavy legs, excessive need for sleep, trembling; p=0.0001 to 0.047), mood changes (irritability, brooding; p=0.008 to 0.014), gastrointestinal (nausea, loss of weight; p=0.0001 to 0.014) and heart disorders (lumpy sensation in the throat, chest pain; p=0.0001 to 0.042). When the sum score of health complaints was controlled for selected confounders, being female (B=-3.44, p=0.0001) and having excessively long working hours (B=2.76, p=0.0001) were significantly correlated with health complaints. In a separate gender analysis, being exposed to excessively long working hours remained a significant predictor for health complaints among both females (B=3.78, p=0.001) and males (B=2.28, p=0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excessively long working hours are associated with an increased risk of health complaints. Reducing working hours may be the first step to improving physicians' health.
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany. judith.rosta@destatis.de
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosta
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerber
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