title: A prospective three generational study of fathers' constructive parenting: influences from family of origin, adolescent adjustment, and offspring temperament.
abstract: This prospective, intergenerational study considered multiple influences on 102 fathers' constructive parenting of 181 children. Fathers in the 2nd generation (G2) were recruited as boys on the basis of neighborhood risk for delinquency and assessed through early adulthood. The fathers' parents (G1) and the G2 mothers of G3 also participated. A multiagent, multimethod approach was used to measure G1 and G2 constructive parenting (monitoring, discipline, warmth, and involvement), G2 positive adolescent adjustment, and problem behavior in all 3 generations, including G3 difficult temperament and externalizing problems in early and middle childhood, respectively. Path modeling supported direct transmission of G1 constructive parenting of G2 in late childhood to G2 constructive parenting of G3 in middle childhood. Of note, G1 parenting indirectly influenced G2 parenting through G2 positive adjustment but not through G2 adolescent antisocial behavior. G1 parenting influenced G2 parenting in both early and middle childhood of G3. G2 parenting influenced G3 problem behavior but not vice versa. Intergenerational continuities in parenting persisted, even when additional influences were considered. Transmission pathways are not limited to life-course adversity. Rather, constructive parenting is maintained, in part, by engendering positive adjustment in offspring.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Social Learning Center.
authors.forename: David C R
authors.initials: DCR
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Oregon Social Learning Center.
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Capaldi
authors.affiliation: Oregon Social Learning Center.
authors.forename: Katherine C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Pears
authors.affiliation: Oregon Social Learning Center.
authors.forename: Lee D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016901:Intergenerational Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 May;47(5):419-26
references.pmid: 1691910
references.citation: Child Dev. 1984 Feb;55(1):83-96
references.pmid: 6705636
references.citation: Child Dev. 1996 Feb;67(1):218-35
references.pmid: 8605830
references.citation: Child Dev. 2005 Sep-Oct;76(5):1055-71
references.pmid: 16150002
references.citation: Dev Psychol. 1998 Nov;34(6):1269-73
references.pmid: 9823511
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2003 Apr;31(2):171-84
references.pmid: 12735399
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 1999 Mar;37(3):217-30
references.pmid: 10087640
references.citation: Am Psychol. 2005 Oct;60(7):735-6
references.pmid: 16221013
references.citation: Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2004 Jun;7(2):89-107
references.pmid: 15255174
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992 Dec;63(6):1036-45
references.pmid: 1460556
references.citation: Child Dev. 1984 Dec;55(6):1969-82
references.pmid: 6525886
references.citation: Dev Psychol. 2000 May;36(3):366-80
references.pmid: 10830980
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2003 Apr;31(2):143-60
references.pmid: 12735397
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2000 Feb;28(1):87-102
references.pmid: 10772352
references.citation: Child Dev. 2005 Mar-Apr;76(2):384-96
references.pmid: 15784089
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004 Feb;45(2):230-47
references.pmid: 14982238
references.citation: Criminology. 2008 May;46(2):267-299
references.pmid: 19079751
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2003 Apr;31(2):123-5
references.pmid: 12735395
references.citation: J Psychosom Res. 1967 Aug;11(2):213-8
references.pmid: 6059863
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2005 Aug;114(3):331-45
references.pmid: 16117571
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2003 Apr;31(2):127-42
references.pmid: 12735396
references.citation: Child Dev. 2005 Sep-Oct;76(5):999-1014
references.pmid: 16149998
references.citation: Dev Psychol. 1998 Nov;34(6):1263-8
references.pmid: 9823510
references.citation: Biometrics. 2000 Jun;56(2):645-6
references.pmid: 10877330
references.citation: Child Dev. 1999 May-Jun;70(3):768-78
references.pmid: 10368921
references.citation: Dev Psychol. 1998 Nov;34(6):1209-19
references.pmid: 9823506
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2008 Apr;36(3):347-58
references.pmid: 17899359
references.citation: Dev Psychopathol. 2003 Spring;15(2):469-95
references.pmid: 12931838
references.citation: J Marriage Fam. 2005 May;67(2):429-447
references.pmid: 16680202
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2003 Apr;31(2):161-9
references.pmid: 12735398
references.citation: J Youth Adolesc. 1987 Oct;16(5):427-54
references.pmid: 24277469
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2006 May;115(2):309-19
references.pmid: 16737395
references.citation: J Behav Med. 1994 Aug;17(4):419-38
references.pmid: 7966262
references.citation: Dev Psychol. 1998 Nov;34(6):1189-201
references.pmid: 9823504
references.citation: Child Dev. 2001 Sep-Oct;72(5):1394-408
references.pmid: 11699677
references.citation: J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2006 Sep;35(3):412-9
references.pmid: 16836478