title: Heparin- and basic fibroblast growth factor-incorporated stent: a new promising method for myocardial revascularization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The problem for transmyocardial revascularization is the occlusion of transmural channels. We have developed a novel heparinized basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-incorporating tubular stent by polymer materials of poly D, L-lactic/glycolic acid (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) with preferable biocompatibility and mechanical elasticity. This study investigated the effect of this new stent on transmyocardial perfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Miniswine were grouped into bare stent group (BS), heparinized stent group (HS), and bFGF- and heparin-incorporated stent group (HBS). Two stents were implanted into the ischemic region. At 6 wk postoperatively, von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and Ki-67 antigen were immunohistologically stained. The expression of transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-β3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and vWF mRNA from the cardiac tissue around the stent were performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion by echocardiography and nuclear scanning were also documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ki-67 positively-staining proliferating cells, expressions of proangiogenic factors of TGF-β3, VEGF, vWF, IL-1β, and vascular density in HBS group were significantly different from those in HS and BS groups (P < 0.05). Neovascularization with endothelization, improvement in perfusion, and fractional shortening in BHS and HS groups were significantly better than those in BS group (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heparinized bFGF-incorporating stent developed in the present study may keep the myocardial channel open with full luminal endothelization. By inducing cellular migration and expression of angiogenic factors, this novel stent may further enhance neovascular formation, increase myocardial perfusion, and improve cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China. liuxc@tedaich.com
authors.forename: Xiao-Cheng
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tian-Jun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Guo-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004452:Echocardiography; D004699:Endocardium / Q000473:pathology; D004867:Equipment Design; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D006493:Heparin