title: The strength of female sex as a prognostic factor in small-cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis of chemotherapy trials from the Manchester Lung Group and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies reported that women survive longer than men, but experience greater toxicity, when treated for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual patient data from six randomized phase II/III chemotherapy trials, from the Manchester Lung Group and UK Medical Research Council, were pooled for analysis. End points included overall survival, response rate, toxicity, dose intensity (DI) and transfusion rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1707 patients analyzed, 44% were women. At baseline, women had poorer performance status (PS) (57% versus 67% Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS 0-1/Karnofsky PS 80-100, P = 0.0004) and more were of normal weight or underweight (57% versus 48%, P = 0.003), but fewer were anemic (25% versus 62%, P < 0.0001). Response rates between women and men were similar (77% versus 76%, P = 0.64). In univariate [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-0.96, P = 0.006] and multivariate (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.99, P = 0.04) analyses, female sex predicted for longer survival. Women experienced more grade 3/4 emesis (18% versus 9%, P < 0.0001) and grade 3/4 mucositis (13% versus 8%, P = 0.005) than men. There were no differences in DI, infections, transfusions or treatment-related deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from >1700 patients in randomized SCLC chemotherapy trials confirm that women survive modestly longer than men but may experience greater toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology. Electronic address: paulwp@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wheatley-Price
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Christie Hospital, Manchester.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ashcroft
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nankivell
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lorigan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thatcher
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Blackhall
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Shepherd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012737:Sex Factors; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D012955:Societies, Medical; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom