title: Surgically induced astigmatism after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess astigmatism induced after phakic intraocular lens (Visian ICL, STAAR Surgical) implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three eyes of 47 patients undergoing ICL implantation through a horizontal 3.0 mm clear corneal incision were retrospectively examined. The amount of corneal astigmatism before and 3 months after surgery using an automated keratometer (ARK-700A, Nidek) and corneal topography (ATRAS995, Carl Zeiss Meditec) were quantitatively investigated. The surgically induced astigmatism was assessed by vector analysis using the Holladay-Cravy-Koch formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The corneal astigmatism was significantly increased from 1.10 (0.51) dioptres (D) to 1.44 (0.57) D using the keratometer (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p<0.001). It was also significantly increased from 1.16 (0.53) D to 1.45 (0.57) D using corneal topography (p<0.001). On the other hand, the manifest astigmatism was significantly decreased from 0.93 (0.60) D to 0.72 (0.58) D (p<0.001). The surgically induced astigmatism was 0.45 (0.26) D at an axis of 93.3 degrees using the keratometer and 0.49 (0.26) D at an axis of 98.0 degrees using corneal topography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICL implantation induces corneal astigmatism through a with-the-rule astigmatic shift of approximately 0.5 D, which was small but not negligible for candidates for refractive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kitasato School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan. kamiyak-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komatsu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D019781:Corneal Topography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult