title: The Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase AtMMS21, a homologue of NSE2/MMS21, regulates cell proliferation in the root.
abstract: hMMS21 is a SUMO E3 ligase required for the prevention of DNA damage-induced apoptosis, and acts by facilitating DNA repair in human cells. The Arabidopsis genome contains a putative MMS21 homologue capable of interacting with the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme AtSCE1a, as indicated by a yeast two-hybrid screen and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments. In vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that AtMMS21 was a SUMO E3 ligase. We identified the Arabidopsis AtMMS21 null T-DNA insertion mutant mms21-1, which had a short-root phenotype, and affected cell proliferation in the apical root meristem, as indicated by impaired expression of the cell division marker CYCB1:GUS in mms21-1 roots. The mms21-1 roots had reduced responses to exogenous cytokinins, and decreased expression of the cytokinin-induced genes ARR3, ARR4, ARR5 and ARR7, compared with the wild type. Thus, our findings suggest that the AtMMS21 gene is involved in root development via cell-cycle regulation and cytokinin signalling.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
authors.forename: Lixia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Songguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shengchun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jianbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Songfeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jinxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yaqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Chengwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003583:Cytokinins; D018749:RNA, Plant; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases