title: Regulation of protein synthesis by ionizing radiation.
abstract: Ionizing radiation (IR) is a physiologically important stress to which cells respond by the activation of multiple signaling pathways. Using a panel of immortalized and transformed breast epithelial cell lines, we demonstrate that IR regulation of protein synthesis occurs in nontransformed cells and is lost with transformation. In nontransformed cells, IR rapidly activates the MAP kinases ERK1/2, resulting in an early transient increase in cap-dependent mRNA translation that involves mTOR and is radioprotective, enhancing the translation of a subset of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in DNA repair and cell survival. Following a transient increase in translation, IR-sensitive (nontransformed) cells inhibit cap-dependent protein synthesis through a mechanism that involves activation of p53, induction of Sestrin 1 and 2 genes, and stimulation of AMP kinase, inhibiting mTOR and hypophosphorylating 4E-BP1. IR is shown to block proteasome-mediated decay of 4E-BP1, increasing its abundance and the sequestration of eIF4E. The IR signal that impairs mTOR-dependent protein synthesis at late times is assembly of the DNA damage response machinery, consisting of Mre11, Rad50, and NBS1 (MRN); activation of the MRN complex kinase ATM; and p53. These results link genotoxic signaling from the DNA damage response complex to the control of protein synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braunstein
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Badura
authors.forename: Qiaoran
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Silvia C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Formenti
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000528:radiation effects; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000076228:MRE11 Homologue Protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000528:radiation effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D055550:Protein Stability / Q000528:radiation effects; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C087000:EIF4EBP1 protein, human; C121766:MRE11 protein, human; C112156:NBN protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D000076228:MRE11 Homologue Protein; D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; C112158:RAD50 protein, human; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes
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