title: The M-superfamily of conotoxins: a review.
abstract: The focus of this review is the M-superfamily of Conus venom peptides. Disulfide rich peptides belonging to the M-superfamily have three loop regions and the cysteine arrangement: CC-C-C-CC, where the dashes represent loops one, two, and three, respectively. Characterization of M-superfamily peptides has demonstrated that diversity in cystine connectivity occurs between different branches of peptides even though the cysteine pattern remains consistent. This superfamily is subdivided into five branches, M-1 through M-5, based on the number of residues in the third loop region, between the fourth and fifth cysteine residues. M-superfamily peptides appear to be ubiquitous in Conus venom. They are largely unexplained in indigenous biological function, and they represent an active area of research within the scientific community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1520, USA.
authors.forename: Reed B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Owen M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: McDougal
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D020916:Conotoxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D052078:Conus Snail / Q000378:metabolism; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D020916:Conotoxins; D004220:Disulfides
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