title: A comparison of respiratory patterns in healthy term infants placed in car safety seats and beds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to compare the incidence of apnea, hypopnea, bradycardia, or oxygen desaturation in healthy term newborns placed in hospital cribs, infant car safety beds, or infant car safety seats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 200 newborns was recruited on the second day of life. Each subject was studied while placed in the hospital crib (30 minutes), car bed (60 minutes), and car seat (60 minutes). Physiologic data, including oxygen saturation, frequency, and type of apnea, hypopnea, and bradycardia were obtained and analyzed in a blinded manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean oxygen saturation level was significantly different among all of the positions (97.9% for the hospital crib, 96.3% for the car bed, and 95.7% for the car seat; P < .001). The mean minimal oxygen saturation level was lower while in both safety devices (83.7% for the car bed and 83.6% for the car seat) compared with in the hospital crib (87.4%) (P < .001). The mean total time spent with an oxygen saturation level of <95% was significantly higher (P = .003) in both safety devices (car seat: 23.9%; car bed: 17.2%) when compared with the hospital crib (6.5%). A second study of 50 subjects in which each infant was placed in each position for 120 minutes yielded similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In healthy term newborns, significant desaturations were observed in both car beds and car seats as compared with hospital cribs. This study was limited by lack of documentation of sleep stage. Therefore, these safety devices should only be used for protection during travel and not as replacements for cribs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Lilijana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kornhauser Cerar
authors.forename: Christina V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Scirica
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stucin Gantar
authors.forename: Damjan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Osredkar
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: T Bernard
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kinane
mesh_terms: D001049:Apnea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D001513:Beds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D057207:Child Restraint Systems / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration; D047929:Term Birth
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen