title: Blockade of GRP78 sensitizes breast cancer cells to microtubules-interfering agents that induce the unfolded protein response.
abstract: Taxane and vinblastine represent two classes of microtubules-targeted agents for cancer chemotherapy. Although taxol and vinblastine are widely used for cancer treatment, resistance to these agents is frequently encountered in the clinic. An ongoing question has been what mechanisms are involved in the resistance of tumour cells to microtubules-targeted agents or how the clinical effectiveness can be improved. There is increasing evidence that microtubules interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we have shown that taxol and vinblastine induce multiple arms of the ER stress response, including up-regulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) expression, X-box binding protein 1 splicing and eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha phosphorylation. Abrogation of GRP78 induction sensitizes breast cancer cells to taxol and vinblastine. Treatment with (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a known GRP78 inhibitor, synergistically promotes taxol- and vinblastine-induced cell death. GRP78 knockdown or EGCG potentiates taxol- and vinblastine-induced activation of pro-apoptosis arms of the ER stress response, such as JNK phosphorylation, caspase-7 and PARP cleavage. Inhibition of JNK and caspase-7 abrogates EGCG sensitization of breast cancer cells to taxol and vinblastine. We conclude that induction of the unfolded protein response represents a novel mechanism underlying the efficacy and resistance to microtubules-targeted agents. Combination of compounds capable of suppressing GRP78 might be a novel approach for improving the effectiveness of microtubules-targeted chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Signal Transduction and Molecular Targeted Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yancun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Minjing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ranran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dongbo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yangfu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D005260:Female; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D014747:Vinblastine; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053179:Caspase 7; D017239:Paclitaxel
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