Inter-rater reliability of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale in assessing lower limb muscle spasticity.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the inter-rater reliability of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) in lower limb muscle spasticity.


METHODS
Cross-sectional observational study.


METHODS
Not applicable.


METHODS
Twenty-two adults with neurological conditions (17 women, five men, age range 21-82 years; mean +/- SD, 44 +/- 18 years) participated. Hip adductor, knee extensor and ankle plantarflexor were assessed in a random order.


RESULTS
Inter-rater agreement for two raters was very good for the hip adductor and the knee extensor (weighted kappa = 0.82, p < 0.0001) and good for the ankle plantarflexor (weighted kappa = 0.74, p < 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
The Modified Modified Ashworth Scale produced reliable measurements between raters in the assessment of lower limb muscle spasticity.
Ghotbi
Nastaran
N
Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Ansari
Noureddin Nakhostin
NN
Naghdi
Soofia
S
Hasson
Scott
S
Jamshidpour
Boushra
B
Amiri
Somayeh
S
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015588:Observer Variation; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D055815:Young Adult