title: Generation of primordial germ cells from pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: Embryonic stem (ES) cells, derived from pre-implantation embryo, embryonic germ (EG) cells, derived from embryonic precursors of gametes, primordial germ cells (PGCs), can differentiate into any cell type in the body. Moreover, ES cells have the capacity to differentiate into PGCs in vitro. In the present study we have shown the differentiation capacity of six EG cell lines to form PGCs in vitro, in comparison to ES cells. Cell lines were differentiated via embryoid body (EB) formation using the co-expression of mouse vasa homolog (Mvh) and Oct-4 to identify newly formed PGCs in vitro. We found an increase of PGC numbers in almost all analysed cell lines in 5-day-old EBs, thus suggesting that EG and ES cells have similar efficiency to generate PGCs. The addition of retinoic acid confirmed that the cultures had attained a PGC-like identity and continued to proliferate. Furthermore we have shown that the expression pattern of Prmt5 and H3K27me3 in newly formed PGCs is similar to that observed in embryonic day E11.5 PGCs in vivo. By co-culturing EBs with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells some of the PGCs entered into meiosis, as judged by Scp3 expression. The derivation of germ cells from pluripotent stem cells in vitro could provide an invaluable model system to study both the genetic and epigenetic programming of germ cell development in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK. ceguizabal@cmrb.eu
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eguizabal
authors.forename: Tanya C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Shovlin
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Durcova-Hills
authors.forename: Azim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Surani
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McLaren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016256:Lewis X Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008540:Meiosis; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D011496:Protein Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016256:Lewis X Antigen; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C490062:Sycp3 protein, mouse; D011496:Protein Methyltransferases; C498518:Prmt5 protein, mouse; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases
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