title: Effect of daily fiber intake on reproductive function: the BioCycle Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-fiber diets have been associated with decreased breast cancer risk, likely mediated by the effect of fiber on lowering circulating estrogen concentrations. The influence of fiber on aspects of reproduction, which include ovulation, has not been well studied in premenopausal women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to determine if fiber consumption is associated with hormone concentrations and incident anovulation in healthy, regularly menstruating women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BioCycle Study was a prospective cohort study conducted from 2004 to 2006 that followed 250 women aged 18-44 y for 2 cycles. Dietary fiber consumption was assessed < or =4 times/cycle by using 24-h recall. Outcomes included concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which were measured < or =8 times/cycle, and incident anovulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dietary fiber consumption was inversely associated with hormone concentrations (estradiol, progesterone, LH, and FSH; P < 0.05) and positively associated with the risk of anovulation (P = 0.003) by using random-effects models with adjustment for total calories, age, race, and vitamin E intake. Each 5-g/d increase in total fiber intake was associated with a 1.78-fold increased risk (95% CI: 1.11, 2.84) of an anovulatory cycle. The adjusted odds ratio of 5 g fruit fiber/d was 3.05 (95% CI: 1.07, 8.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that a diet high in fiber is significantly associated with decreased hormone concentrations and a higher probability of anovulation. Further study of the effect of fiber on reproductive health and of the effect of these intakes in reproductive-aged women is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Audrey J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gaskins
authors.forename: Sunni L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mumford
authors.forename: Cuilin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wactawski-Wende
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hovey
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Whitcomb
authors.forename: Penelope P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Howards
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Edwina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Enrique F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Schisterman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000858:Anovulation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
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