title: Spirocyclic delta opioid receptor agonists for the treatment of pain: discovery of N,N-diethyl-3-hydroxy-4-(spiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine]-4-yl) benzamide (ADL5747).
abstract: Selective, nonpeptidic delta opioid receptor agonists have been the subject of great interest as potential novel analgesic agents. The discoveries of BW373U86 (1) and SNC80 (2) contributed to the rapid expansion of research in this field. However, poor drug-like properties and low therapeutic indices have prevented clinical evaluation of these agents. Doses of 1 and 2 similar to those required for analgesic activity produce convulsions in rodents and nonhuman primates. Recently, we described a novel series of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable delta opioid receptor agonists. The lead derivative, ADL5859 (4), is currently in phase II proof-of-concept studies for the management of pain. Further structure activity relationship exploration has led to the discovery of ADL5747 (36), which is approximately 50-fold more potent than 4 in an animal model of inflammatory pain. On the basis of its favorable efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic profile, 36 was selected as a clinical candidate for the treatment of pain.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, USA. blebourdonnec@adolor.com
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Le Bourdonnec
authors.forename: Rolf T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Windh
authors.forename: Lara K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Leister
authors.forename: Q Jean
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ajello
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Guo-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tuthill
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koblish
authors.forename: Daniel D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Wiant
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Graczyk
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belanger
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cassel
authors.forename: Marina S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Feschenko
authors.forename: Bernice L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Brogdon
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Derelanko
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kutz
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: DeHaven
authors.forename: Diane L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: DeHaven-Hudkins
authors.forename: Roland E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Dolle
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016466:CHO Cells; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D065690:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D055808:Drug Discovery; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000819:agonists*; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D001549:Benzamides; D001578:Benzopyrans; D065690:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; C544196:N,N-diethyl-3-hydroxy-4-(spiro(chromene-2,4'-piperidine)-4-yl)benzamide; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D013141:Spiro Compounds