title: An imprint method for detecting leptospires in the hamster model of vaccine-mediated immunity for leptospirosis.
abstract: In determining the efficacy of new vaccine candidates for leptospirosis, the primary end point is death and an important secondary end point is sterilizing immunity. However, evaluation of this end point is often hampered by the time-consuming demands and complexity of methods such as culture isolation (CI). In this study, we evaluated the use of an imprint (or touch preparation) method (IM) in detecting the presence of leptospires in tissues of hamsters infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni. In a dissemination study, compared to CI, the IM led to equal or improved detection of leptospires in kidney, liver, lung and blood samples collected post-infection and overall concordance was good (kappa=0.61). Furthermore, in an evaluation of hamsters immunized with a recombinant leptospiral protein-based vaccine candidate and subsequently challenged, the agreement between the CI and IM was very good (kappa=0.84). These findings indicate that the IM is a rapid method for the direct observation of Leptospira spp. that can be readily applied to evaluating infection in experimental animals and determining sterilizing immunity when screening potential vaccine candidates.
authors.affiliation: Gonçalo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adenizar D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Chagas-Junior
authors.affiliation: Gonçalo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alan J A
authors.initials: AJA
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.affiliation: Department of Biointeraction, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.|Gonçalo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Athanazio
authors.affiliation: Gonçalo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudio P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.affiliation: Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Gonçalo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mitermayer G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA.|Gonçalo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Albert I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Biointeraction, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.|Gonçalo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia W C
authors.initials: FWC
authors.lastname: McBride
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000382:microbiology; D007921:Leptospira interrogans / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines
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