title: Benefits of negative social exchanges for emotional closeness.
abstract: Negative exchanges in social relationships have traditionally been studied as having negative consequences. This study explored whether they might have positive effects for relationship closeness. The sample included 351 adults, aged between 18 and 91 years, residing in Hong Kong, China. Closeness of social partners to the participants was measured by the Social Convoy Questionnaire, and the levels of negative exchanges and social support from each social partner were assessed. Multilevel analyses revealed that more negative exchanges were associated with a more positive change in closeness over a 2-year period, even after statistically controlling for social support and sociostructural characteristics of the participant and the social partner. Findings extended our knowledge on the positive effects of negative exchanges and their moderating conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sino Building, Chung Chi College, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. hhlfung@psy.cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Helene H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Dannii Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Kin-Kit
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Frieder R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D003469:Culture; D004644:Emotions; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012803:Sick Role; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult