Mechanisms employed by herpes simplex virus 1 to inhibit the interferon response.
The interferon (IFN) family of cytokines constitutes potent inducers of innate antiviral responses that also influence adaptive immune processes. Despite eliciting such formidable cellular defense responses, viruses have evolved ways to interfere with the IFN response. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is an enveloped, dsDNA virus and a member of the herpesvirus family. Like other herpesvirus family members, HSV-1 has become highly specialized for its host and establishes a lifelong infection by undergoing latency within neurons. A leading reason for the success of HSV-1 as a pathogen results from its ability to evade the IFN response. Specifically, HSV-1 encodes several proteins that function to inhibit both IFN production and subsequent signal transduction. This review will identify and summarize the current understanding of viral proteins encoded by HSV-1 involved in the evasion of the IFN response.
Paladino
Patrick
P
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Mossman
Karen L
KL
D000818:Animals; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007372:Interferons / Q000276:immunology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017735:Virus Latency; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
C057120:ICP27 protein, human herpesvirus 1; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D007372:Interferons; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C051804:Vmw110 protein, Human herpesvirus 1; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase