title: Short- and long-term efficacy of a community-based COPD management programme in less advanced COPD: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in advanced COPD is well established, but few data are available in less advanced disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 2 year randomised controlled trial, 199 patients with an average moderate airflow obstruction but impaired exercise capacity (mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) 60 (16)%, peak work load (Wmax) <70%) were randomised to the INTERdisciplinary COMmunity-based COPD management programme (INTERCOM) or usual care. Intervention consisted of 4 months multidisciplinary rehabilitation followed by a 20-month maintenance phase. Outcomes (4, 12, 24 months): health-related quality of life (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)), exacerbation frequency, MRC dyspnoea score, cycle endurance time (CET), 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), skeletal muscle strength and patients' and caregivers' perceived effectiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between-group comparison after 4 months revealed the following mean (SE) significant differences in favour of INTERCOM: SGRQ total score 4.06 (1.39), p = 0.004; activity and impact subscores, p<0.01; MRC score 0.33 (0.13), p = 0.01; Wmax 6.0 (2.3) Watt, p = 0.02; CET 221 (104) s, p = 0.04; 6MWD 13 (6) m, p = 0.02; hand grip force 4.3 (1.5) lb, p<0.01; and fat-free mass index 0.34 (0.13) kg/m(2), p = 0.01. Between-group differences over 2 years were as follows: SGRQ 2.60 (1.3), p = 0.04; MRC score 0.21 (0.10), p = 0.048; CET 253 (104) s, p = 0.0156; 6MWD 18 (8) m, p = 0.0155. Exacerbation frequency was not different (RR 1.29 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.87)). Patients' and caregivers' perceived effectiveness significantly favoured the INTERCOM programme (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that a multidisciplinary community-based disease management programme is also effective in patients with COPD with exercise impairment but less advanced airflow obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: van Wetering
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoogendoorn
authors.forename: S J M
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mol
authors.forename: M P M H
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rutten-van Mölken
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schols
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001294:Attitude to Health; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011788:Quality of Life