title: Combination of captopril and allopurinol retards fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both ACE inhibitors and allopurinol have been shown to partially prevent metabolic syndrome induced by fructose. We tested the hypothesis that combined therapy might be more effective at blocking the metabolic syndrome induced with fructose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fructose diet with or without allopurinol, captopril, or the combination for 20 weeks. A control group received a normal diet. All groups were pair-fed to assure equivalent caloric intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite reduced energy intake, the fructose-fed rats developed features of metabolic syndrome including elevated blood pressure, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia and hyperinsulinemia. While both allopurinol and captopril alone tended to reduce features of the metabolic syndrome, the combined therapy was synergistic, with significant reduction in blood pressure, less accumulation of abdominal fat, an improvement in the dyslipidemia and a complete prevention of insulin resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high fructose diet can induce metabolic syndrome even in the setting of caloric restriction. Captopril and allopurinol synergistically reduce features of the metabolic syndrome, especially hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Combination allopurinol and ACE inhibitor therapy might provide a superior means to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver, Colo., USA.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Roncal
authors.forename: Sirirat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reungjui
authors.forename: Laura Gabriela
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Lozada
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Yuri Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Sautin
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000963:Antimetabolites; D005632:Fructose; D000493:Allopurinol; D002216:Captopril
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