title: Endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the lateral sphenoid sinus recess.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebrospinal fluid leaks may occur as a result of trauma or following surgery, and occasionally may also be spontaneous. Leakage of CSF from the lateral sphenoid recess is rare and challenging to treat. The authors present their experience with repairs of 10 CSF leaks that were confined to the lateral sphenoid recess and were treated at the Singapore General Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients who underwent operations for lateral sphenoid recess CSF leaks between 2001 and 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten repairs were performed in 8 patients by using a transpterygoid approach, with a 90% success rate. In 3 cases the transcranial approach had failed prior to endoscopic repair. "Sandwich reconstruction" under direct vision was performed in all cases, and was completed using cartilage or bone as a rigid support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This series demonstrates that CSF leakage can be managed safely and effectively by using an endoscopic transpterygoid approach in patients in whom both external and endoscopic attempts have failed. The transpterygoid approach used in all of the cases in this series provides wide exposure around the skull base defect, which is crucial for successful repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. forerbr@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Boaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Forer
authors.forename: Dharmbir S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sethi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019291:Skull Base / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013101:Sphenoid Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome