title: Clinical values of multiple Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serological biomarkers detected by xMAP technology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serological examination of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies has been performed for screening nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and other EBV-associated diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using xMAP technology, we examined immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) VCA-gp125, p18 and IgA/IgG against EA-D, EBNA1 and gp78 in populations with distinct diseases, or with different genetic or geographic background. Sera from Cantonese NPC patients (n = 547) and healthy controls (n = 542), 90 members of high-risk NPC families and 52 non-endemic healthy individuals were tested. Thirty-five of NPC patients were recruited to observe the kinetics of EBV antibody levels during and after treatment. Patients with other EBV-associated diseases were collected, including 16 with infectious mononucleosis, 28 with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma and 14 with Hodgkin's disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the sensitivity and specificity of each marker for NPC diagnosis ranged 61-84%, but if combined, they could reach to 84.5% and 92.4%, respectively. Almost half of NPC patients displayed decreased EBV immunoactivities shortly after therapy and tumor recurrence was accompanied with high EBV antibody reactivates. Neither the unaffected members from high-risk NPC families nor non-endemic healthy population showed statistically different EBV antibody levels compared with endemic controls. Moreover, elevated levels of specific antibodies were observed in other EBV-associated diseases, but all were lower than those in NPC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined EBV serological biomarkers could improve the diagnostic values for NPC. Diverse EBV serological spectrums presented in populations with different EBV-associated diseases, but NPC patients have the highest EBV activity.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, PR China. topgad@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ai-Di
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Li-Xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yan-Bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Li-Zhen
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qi-Sheng
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Tiebang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Wei-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Yi-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015415:Biomarkers; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D010455:Peptides; D014764:Viral Proteins
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