Serotonin toxicity caused by moclobemide too soon after paroxetine-selegiline.
Serotonin toxicity is an iatrogenic complication of serotonergic drug therapy. It is due to an overstimulation of central and peripheral serotonin receptors that lead to neuromuscular, mental and autonomic changes. Moclobemide is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A, selegiline is an irreversible selective inhibitor of MAO-B, and paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Combined use of these agents is known to cause serotonin toxicity. A 53-year-old woman had been treated with paroxetine and selegiline. After moclobemide was prescribed in place of paroxetine without a washout period, she quickly developed confusion, agitation, ataxia, diaphoresis, tremor, mydriasis, ocular clonus, hyperreflexia, tachycardia, moderately elevated blood pressure and high fever, symptoms that were consistent with serotonin toxicity. Discontinuation of the drugs, hydration and supportive care were followed by remarkable improvement of baseline status within 3 days. This case demonstrates that serotonin toxicity may occur even with small doses of paroxetine, selegiline and moclobemide in combination. Physicians managing patients with depression must be aware of the potential for serotonin toxicity and should be able to recognize and treat or, ideally, anticipate and avoid this pharmacodynamically-mediated interaction that may occur between prescribed drugs.
Wu
Ming-Ling
ML
Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. mlwu@vghtpe.gov.tw
Deng
Jou-Fang
JF
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020912:Moclobemide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012642:Selegiline / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000506:poisoning*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*
D020912:Moclobemide; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D017374:Paroxetine; D012642:Selegiline; D012701:Serotonin; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors