title: Function and regulation of Dyrk1A: towards understanding Down syndrome.
abstract: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with a variety of symptoms, such as incapacitating mental retardation and neurodegeneration (i.e., Alzheimer's disease), that prevent patients from leading fully independent lives. These phenotypes are a direct consequence of the overexpression of chromosome 21 genes, which are present in duplicate due to non-disjunction of chromosome 21. Accumulating data suggest that the chromosome 21 gene product, dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A), participates in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the mental and other physical symptoms of DS. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting a role for Dyrk1A in DS, especially DS pathogenesis. Recently, several natural and synthetic compounds have been identified as Dyrk1A inhibitors. Understanding the function and regulation of Dyrk1A may lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents aimed at treating DS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joongkyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Woo-Joo
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kwang Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000097603:Dyrk Kinases
chemical_list: D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000097603:Dyrk Kinases
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