title: Adrenal incidentaloma in familial adenomatous polyposis: a long-term follow-up study and schema for management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adrenal incidentaloma is often diagnosed in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, because they frequently undergo abdominal imaging and have a raised incidence of adrenal incidentaloma. This study investigates the natural history of adrenal incidentaloma in familial adenomatous polyposis, and suggests a schema for management.
  
  
  METHODS
  An original cohort of 14 familial adenomatous polyposis patients with adrenal incidentaloma, identified prospectively 12 years ago, was followed up clinically and radiologically. A further group of 16 patients was also identified. All had lesions >1 cm. For both cohorts, characteristics of patients (genotype, age at diagnosis, concomitant diagnoses) and incidentaloma (size, laterality, rate of growth, outcome) are described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 3 of 30 patients underwent adrenalectomy; one patient had pheochromocytoma and another had an adenoma of borderline malignancy. A further three lesions were radiologically suspicious for malignancy at the time of diagnosis; one was in a patient who was unfit for surgery but died of nonadrenal causes after nine years. None of the lesions radiologically benign at diagnosis showed an aggressive course, but one patient required referral for surgery after 12 years because of a slow increase in size of the lesion. There were no associations with genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Familial adenomatous polyposis-associated adrenal incidentaloma may warrant long-term follow-up. Although the natural history is similar to lesions occurring sporadically, these patients have concomitant familial adenomatous polyposis-associated manifestations under radiologic surveillance. In this rare condition, development of a robust protocol will require evidence from worldwide patient cohorts. However, a tailored schema is suggested as a consistent basis for future modification.
authors.affiliation: The Polyposis Registry, St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom. crukmail@oliviawill.com
authors.forename: O C C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Will
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hansmann
authors.forename: R K S
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Palazzo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meeran
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D011125:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D024221:Antineoplastic Protocols; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome