title: Comparison of two multimetal resistant bacterial strains: Enterobacter sp. YSU and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ORO2.
abstract: The Y-12 plant in Oak Ridge, TN, which manufactured nuclear weapons during World War II and the Cold War, contaminated East Fork Poplar Creek with heavy metals. The multimetal resistant bacterial strain, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Oak Ridge strain O2 (S. maltophilia O2), was isolated from East Fork Poplar Creek. Sequence analysis of 16s rDNA suggested that our working strain of S. maltophilia O2 was a strain of Enterobacter. Phylogenetic tree analysis and biochemical tests confirmed that it belonged to an Enterobacter species. This new strain was named Enterobacter sp. YSU. Using a modified R3A growth medium, R3A-Tris, the Hg(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Au(III), Cr(VI), Ag(I), As(III), and Se(IV) MICs for a confirmed strain of S. maltophilia O2 were 0.24, 0.33, 5, 5, 0.25, 7, 0.03, 14, and 40 mM, respectively, compared to 0.07, 0.24, 0.8, 3, 0.05, 0.4, 0.08, 14, and 40 mM, respectively, for Enterobacter sp. YSU. Although S. maltophilia O2 was generally more metal resistant than Enterobacter sp. YSU, in comparison to Escherichia coli strain HB101, Enterobacter sp. YSU was resistant to Hg(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Au(III), Ag(I), As(III), and Se(IV). By studying metal resistances in these two strains, it may be possible to understand what makes one microorganism more metal resistant than another microorganism. This work also provided benchmark MICs that can be used to evaluate the metal resistance properties of other bacterial isolates from East Fork Poplar Creek and other metal contaminated sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Anubhav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vinayak
authors.forename: Cherise
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benton
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esbenshade
authors.forename: Carlisle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heinselman
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frankland
authors.forename: Samatha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurtanich
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caguiat
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D020615:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
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