title: Retroperitoneoscopic para-aortic lymph node sampling in bladder rhabdomyosarcoma.
abstract: Determining lymph node involvement is an important step in the pre-treatment evaluation of non-metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma. We describe retroperitoneoscopy for para-aortic lymph node biopsy in a 4-year-old boy with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder with pelvic and para-aortic lymph node enlargement on magnetic resonance imaging. This technique affords access to the para-aortic region with minimal dissection, permitting quick recovery and early commencement of chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.forename: Naima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smeulders
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michalski
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cherian
mesh_terms: D001012:Aorta, Abdominal; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D018233:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal / Q000473:pathology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*