title: Humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody suppresses tumor angiogenesis and in vivo growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The biological effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and whether IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)-mediated signaling can be a therapeutic target for OSCC are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inhibition of IL-6R-mediated signaling on OSCC progression and to evaluate the availability of tocilizumab, a humanized antihuman IL-6R antibody, as a therapeutic agent for OSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated expression levels of IL-6 and IL-6R in 58 OSCC tissues and 4 OSCC cell lines by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and/or immunohistochemstry. We investigated the effects of tocilizumab on OSCC growth in vitro and in xenografts. Xenografts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), Ki-67, and CD31, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression levels of IL-6 at both mRNA and protein levels in OSCC tissues were significantly higher than those in normal mucosal tissues. In addition, OSCC cell lines expressed higher levels of both IL-6 and IL-6R mRNA than did HaCaT keratinocytes. Tocilizumab significantly reduced in vivo growth of SAS cells with a drastic reduction of STAT3 phosphorylation in tumor cells in mice. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling significantly decreased vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in SAS, and microvessel density and vessel diameter in SAS tumors in tocilizumab-treated mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapeutic approaches targeting IL-6R by tocilizumab may be effective for OSCC treatment by at least inhibiting angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinriki
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jono
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Mareina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oike
authors.forename: Motoyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Mutsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibusuki
authors.forename: Akimitsu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiraki
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshitake
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ando
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C502936:tocilizumab