Fifteen years of gene therapy based on chimeric antigen receptors: "are we nearly there yet?".
"T-body" or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology, which combines the specificity of an antibody with the homing, tissue penetration, and target cell destruction of T cells, was first described in 1993. After many years of unmet promise, significant improvements in gene transfer, including the development of efficient retroviral vectors for transduction of human T cells, and better understanding of immunological pathways and immune cell interactions, are allowing this technology to reach a critical phase of evaluation, in which we will learn whether the approach can truly meet expectations. In this review we summarize the concept of CAR-based immunotherapy, describe the steps accomplished, and outline the future progress we need to make if this approach is truly to improve cancer immunotherapy.
Dotti
Gianpietro
G
Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Savoldo
Barbara
B
Brenner
Malcolm
M
D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques / Q000639:trends; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016086:Lentivirus; D018448:Models, Immunological; D011946:Receptors, Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012190:Retroviridae; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019139:Tumor Escape / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
D011946:Receptors, Antigen; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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