title: Teleoanticipation in all-out short-duration cycling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to investigate the effect of all-out cycling test duration on indices of power, anaerobic lactic energy metabolism, perceived exertion and mood.
  
  
  METHODS
  nine physically active men undertook four all-out cycling tests of 5, 15, 30 or 45 s from seated stationary start on an ergometer fit with power cranks. The participants completed a Profile of Mood States questionnaire before each test and indicated perceived exertion immediately post-test (Borg 6-20 scale). Indices of anaerobic lactic metabolism were determined from blood lactate concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  pacing strategy was apparent in the 45-s tests with lower peak (p<0.01) and mean power in the initial 10 s compared to the 5- and 15-s tests (p<0.05). The first 15 s of the 30- and 45-s tests revealed lower fatigue indices compared to the 15-s tests (p<0.05) indicating some pacing in the 30-s tests. Perceived exertion increased with duration, with no difference between the 15- and 30-s tests (p>0.05). Extravascal lactate generation (reflecting exercising muscle lactate production) explained 59% of the variance in perceived exertion. There was no effect of knowledge of test duration on mood states or total mood disturbance (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  an all-out pacing strategy was apparent for at least up to 15 s, with indicators of dampened power in both 30 and 45 s sprints. Reduced power at the start of all-out long-duration sprints support a central control of at least initial pacing strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK. alwitt@essex.ac.uk
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Wittekind
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Micklewright
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beneke
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D016552:Ergometry; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid