title: Influence of methods of application of self-etching adhesive systems on adhesive bond strength to enamel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of variations in the application technique of self-etching adhesive systems on the adhesive bond strength to enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty bovine teeth were used and divided into 13 groups. The teeth were embedded in acrylic resin, ground until a flat enamel area was exposed, and polished with 600-grit abrasive paper. The self-etching adhesive systems One Up Bond F, Clearfil SE Bond, Self & Etch were used, and the conventional adhesive Magic Bond and acid etching were used as the control group. One or two layers of the self-etching systems were actively or passively applied. Composite cylinders were made over the bonding area. The samples were submitted to shear bond testing at a speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test at a 5% level of significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant variations were observed for the factors type of adhesive (p = 0.001, F = 193,3594, df = 3) and application technique (p = 0.001, F = 29,9119, df = 1). No significant interaction was found between the two factors (p = 0.08). The adhesives Clearfil SE Bond and One Up Bond F presented significantly higher adhesive bond strength means than Self & Etch. The active application of two layers resulted in higher bond strength means than the other techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application technique had a significant influence on adhesive bond strength to enamel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil. carlosrgt@fosjc.unesp.br
authors.forename: Carlos Rocha
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Daphne Câmara
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Barcellos
authors.forename: César Rogério
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.forename: Gabriela de Morais Gouvêa
authors.initials: Gde M
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Cristiana Martins
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siviero
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000737:chemistry; D010784:Photomicrography; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; C446260:One-Up-Bond F; D063065:Organophosphonates; D019279:Resin Cements; C454540:Scotchbond etchant; C114321:methacryloxyethyl dihydrogen phosphate; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate