S-Nitrosylation of cardiac ion channels.
Nitric oxide (NO) exerts ubiquitous signaling via posttranslational modification of cysteine residues, a reaction termed S-nitrosylation. Important substrates of S-nitrosylation that influence cardiac function include receptors, enzymes, ion channels, transcription factors, and structural proteins. Cardiac ion channels subserving excitation-contraction coupling are potentially regulated by S-nitrosylation. Specificity is achieved in part by spatial colocalization of ion channels with nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), enzymatic sources of NO in biologic systems, and by coupling of NOS activity to localized calcium/second messenger concentrations. Ion channels regulate cardiac excitability and contractility in millisecond timescales, raising the possibility that NO-related species modulate heart function on a beat-to-beat basis. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding of NO regulation of the cardiac action potential and of the calcium release channel ryanodine receptor, which is crucial for the generation of force. S-Nitrosylation signaling is disrupted in pathological states in which the redox state of the cell is dysregulated, including ischemia, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.
Gonzalez
Daniel R
DR
Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
Treuer
Adriana
A
Sun
Qi-An
QA
Stamler
Jonathan S
JS
Hare
Joshua M
JM
D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000378:metabolism; D056966:Excitation Contraction Coupling; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015538:Nitrosation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D015398:Signal Transduction
D007473:Ion Channels; D009569:Nitric Oxide
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