title: Increased expression of class III beta-tubulin in castration-resistant human prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Class III beta-tubulin (betaIII-tubulin) is expressed in tissues of neuronal lineage and also in several human malignancies, including non-small-cell lung carcinoma, breast and ovarian cancer. Overexpression of betaIII-tubulin in these tumours is associated with an unfavourable outcome and resistance to taxane-based therapies. At present, betaIII-tubulin expression remains largely uncharacterised in prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this report, we evaluated the expression of betaIII-tubulin in 138 different human prostate tumour specimens by immunohistochemistry from patients with hormone-treated or hormone-untreated prostate cancer. betaIII-tubulin expression was also examined in various prostatic cancer cell lines including in androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cells, LNCaP, grown in androgen-depleted medium in 2D cultures or as tumour xenografts when the host mouse was castrated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas moderate-to-strong betaIII-tubulin expression was detected in only 3 out of 74 (4%) hormone-naive tumour specimens obtained from patients who never received hormone therapy, 6 out of 24 tumour specimens (25%) from patients treated for 3 months with neoadjuvant hormone therapy and 24 out of 40 (60%) castration-resistant tumour specimens from chronic hormone-treated patients were found to express significant levels of betaIII-tubulin. These findings were supported by in vitro and in vivo settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that betaIII-tubulin expression is augmented in prostate cancer by androgen ablation and that the expression of this beta-tubulin isoform is associated with the progression of prostate cancer to the castration-resistant state, a stage largely responsible for mortality from prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Unité 955, Créteil F-94000, France. stephane.terry@inserm.fr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terry
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ploussard
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Allory
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nicolaiew
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boissière-Michot
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maillé
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kheuang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coppolani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bibeau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Culine
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buttyan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Taille
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vacherot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000628:therapy; D014404:Tubulin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C498585:TUBB3 protein, human; D014404:Tubulin
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