title: Patient with pelvic pains: retroperitoneal fibrosis or pelvic endometriosis? A case report and review of literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe how a hydronephrosis can lead to a difficult differential diagnosis between endometriosis and retroperitoneal fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria General Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The history of a 34-year-old woman revealed the appearance of hydroureteronephrosis on the right side at the 35th week of pregnancy. She had an magnetic resonance imaging scan and was diagnosed with a spread retroperitoneal fibrosis. After 2 months, the patient reported the occurrence of pelvic pain, dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea. She was treated with corticosteroids and tamoxifen with no results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic surgery. A complete retroperitoneal extirpation was done of an endometriotic nodule of the right broad ligament, near the right ureter (without stenosis).
  
  
  METHODS
  Reduction of pelvic pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  She noticed an important decrease of pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cause of hydronephrosis could be a physiologic hydroureteronephrosis, which is the most common cause of dilatation of the urinary tract in pregnancy. The pain symptoms of the patients seemed to be linked to endometriosis and not to retroperitoneal fibrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging sometimes does not enable a correct diagnosis between these two pathologies. Fertile women with suspected fibrosis should undergo a diagnostic laparoscopy by an expert surgeon in retroperitoneal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Neonatology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. Electronic address: antoniocosimopezzuto@virgilio.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pezzuto
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria General Hospital, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pomini
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria General Hospital, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinkasserer
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Neonatology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni Battista
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Nardelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria General Hospital, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minelli
mesh_terms: D000291:Adnexal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D010388:Pelvis / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012185:Retroperitoneal Fibrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*