title: Indications for the use of endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer in Japan: a comparative study with endoscopic submucosal dissection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been reported to produce excellent treatment results for early gastric cancer. In terms of lesions that previously met the criteria for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), there is now controversy about which of the two methods is superior, and whether the two methods are comparable.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 177 patients (202 lesions) with early gastric cancer who met the guidelines for EMR and who underwent either EMR or ESD were studied. The rates of en bloc resection, complete resection, local recurrence, and complications were compared between EMR and ESD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall en bloc and complete resection rates were lower in patients undergoing EMR than in those undergoing ESD (en bloc: 53.8 % vs. 94.3 %, P < 0.001; complete: 37.5 % vs. 92.6 %, P < 0.001). The overall 5-year recurrence-free rate was lower in the EMR group than in the ESD group (82.5 % vs. 100 %; P < 0.001). However, with regard to the tumor size, the two groups did not differ in en bloc ( P = 1.0) or complete resection rate ( P = 0.8) for tumors < or = 5 mm and in 5-year recurrence-free rate ( P = 0.19) for tumors < or = 10 mm. The mean time required for resection was longer for ESD than for EMR ( P < 0.001). Perforation and bleeding requiring blood transfusion occurred in a small percentage in the ESD group, but in none in the EMR group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, EMR was comparable to ESD for the millimeter-sized lesions. We suggest that such small lesions might be well suited to treatment with EMR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 2608670, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasanuki
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ooka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bekku
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome