title: Reliability of the modified Rankin Scale: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A perceived weakness of the modified Rankin Scale is potential for interobserver variability. We undertook a systematic review of modified Rankin Scale reliability studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two researchers independently reviewed the literature. Crossdisciplinary electronic databases were interrogated using the following key words: Stroke*; Cerebrovasc*; Modified Rankin*; Rankin Scale*; Oxford Handicap*; Observer variation*. Data were extracted according to prespecified criteria with decisions on inclusion by consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 3461 titles, 10 studies (587 patients) were included. Reliability of modified Rankin Scale varied from weighted kappa=0.95 to kappa=0.25. Overall reliability of mRS was kappa=0.46; weighted kappa=0.90 (traditional modified Rankin Scale) and kappa=0.62; weighted kappa=0.87 (structured interview).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There remains uncertainty regarding modified Rankin Scale reliability. Interobserver studies closest in design to large-scale clinical trials demonstrate potentially significant interobserver variability.
authors.forename: Terence J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Kennedy R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lees
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D006801:Humans; D009462:Neurology / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D015588:Observer Variation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018401:Sample Size; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*