title: Parallel expression evolution of oxidative stress-related genes in fiber from wild and domesticated diploid and polyploid cotton (Gossypium).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a prominent role in signal transduction and cellular homeostasis in plants. However, imbalances between generation and elimination of ROS can give rise to oxidative stress in growing cells. Because ROS are important to cell growth, ROS modulation could be responsive to natural or human-mediated selection pressure in plants. To study the evolution of oxidative stress related genes in a single plant cell, we conducted comparative expression profiling analyses of the elongated seed trichomes ("fibers") of cotton (Gossypium), using a phylogenetic approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured expression changes during diploid progenitor species divergence, allopolyploid formation and parallel domestication of diploid and allopolyploid species, using a microarray platform that interrogates 42,429 unigenes. The distribution of differentially expressed genes in progenitor diploid species revealed significant up-regulation of ROS scavenging and potential signaling processes in domesticated G. arboreum. Similarly, in two independently domesticated allopolyploid species (G. barbadense and G. hirsutum) antioxidant genes were substantially up-regulated in comparison to antecedent wild forms. In contrast, analyses of three wild allopolyploid species indicate that genomic merger and ancient allopolyploid formation had no significant influences on regulation of ROS related genes. Remarkably, many of the ROS-related processes diagnosed as possible targets of selection were shared among diploid and allopolyploid cultigens, but involved different sets of antioxidant genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggests that parallel human selection for enhanced fiber growth in several geographically widely dispersed species of domesticated cotton resulted in similar and overlapping metabolic transformations of the manner in which cellular redox levels have become modulated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. bhupendra@gbu.ac.in
authors.forename: Bhupendra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hovav
authors.forename: Lex
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flagel
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mittler
authors.forename: Jonathan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wendel
mesh_terms: D032561:Cotton Fiber; D004171:Diploidy; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D003368:Gossypium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011123:Polyploidy; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018749:RNA, Plant; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
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