title: German version of the Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire for urinary incontinence health related quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We translated and cross-culturally adapted the English version of the Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire, and tested the reliability and validity of the German version.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was done at 3 tertiary referral centers for childhood urinary incontinence. The self-reported and proxy English version was translated and cross-culturally adapted. From July 2007 to April 2008 we evaluated the German version in 91 boys and 54 girls with a mean +/- SD age of 9.3 +/- 2.2 years (range 6 to 18) with nonneurogenic urinary incontinence and in their parents. For concurrent criterion related validity, the German questionnaire scales were compared with those of the DCGM-10/-12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On reliability testing of the self-reported and proxy German versions Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 and 0.86, respectively. Interrater convergence between the self-reported and proxy versions showed an ICC of 0.81. Reproducibility was satisfactory for the self-reported and proxy versions (ICC 0.77, 95% CI 0.77-0.90 and 0.85, 95% CI 0.67-0.84, respectively). German version scores correlated with DCGM-10/-12 scores (self-report and proxy r = -0.71 and -0.69, respectively). Mean German version total scores were 23.0 in boys and 23.9 in girls. Except for a slight significant association between age and German version total score in the proxy version (p = 0.01), age, sex and incontinence type or severity (number of wet days/nights per 14 days) were not significantly associated with German version total scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The German version of the Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire is a valid and reliable outcome measure to assess health related quality of life in children and adolescents with urinary incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. christian.bachmann@charite.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lehr
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Janhsen
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steuber
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gäbel
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Gontard
authors.forename: Hannsjörg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bachmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis