title: [11C]choline positron emission tomography in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Novel radiotracers could potentially allow the identification of clinically aggressive tumor phenotypes. As choline metabolism increases during malignant transformation and progression of human mammary epithelial cells, we examined the ability of [(11)C]choline (CHO) positron emission tomography imaging to detect clinically aggressive phenotype in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  CHO positron emission tomography was done in 32 individuals with primary or metastatic ER-positive breast cancer. Semiquantitative (standardized uptake value) and fully quantitative (net irreversible transfer rate constant of CHO, Ki) estimates of CHO uptake in the tumors were calculated and compared with tumor grade, size, involved nodes, and also ER, progesterone receptor, Ki-67, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breast tumors were well visualized in 30 of 32 patients with good tumor background ratios. A wide range of uptake values were observed in primary and metastatic tumors. CHO uptake variables correlated well with tumor grade. For most imaging variables, a poor association was found with tumor size, ER, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, Ki-67, and nodal status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHO showed good uptake in most breast cancers and merits further investigation as a breast cancer imaging agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kaiyumars B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Contractor
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stebbing
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Nahhas
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Dudley
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sinnett
authors.forename: Jacqueline S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hogben
authors.forename: Safiye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shousha
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lowdell
authors.forename: R Charles
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Coombes
authors.forename: Eric O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Aboagye
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002794:Choline / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002794:Choline; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human