title: Accidental fall due to abnormal behavior after experiencing a Streptococcus pyogenes infection: febrile delirium or pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection?
abstract: An 11-year-old boy with a high fever (39.4 degrees C) presented at a local medical institution. His condition was diagnosed as hemolytic streptococcal infection, and he was prescribed an antibiotic. After returning home, he took a dose of his medication and rested; however, he suddenly began to run around while yelling incomprehensible words. He ran up to his room on the second floor and fell from the second floor window down to the ground. He lost consciousness and was transferred to our department. His history included being born as a twin with a low birth weight and pneumonia at 1 year of age. He regained consciousness on the seventh hospital day and was discharged without any neurological abnormality on the 14th day. His abnormal behavior might have resulted from febrile delirium or an unusual expression of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with a streptococcal infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan. yanagawa@ndmc.ac.jp
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanagawa
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Seiki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higashidate
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D020274:Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D003128:Coma / Q000209:etiology; D003693:Delirium / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020833:Diffuse Axonal Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D020803:Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex / Q000175:diagnosis; D017029:Epilepsy, Complex Partial / Q000175:diagnosis; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011007:Pneumocephalus / Q000209:etiology; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000302:isolation & purification*