title: Chapter 5: Methods and protocols in peripheral nerve regeneration experimental research: part II-morphological techniques.
abstract: This paper critically overviews the main procedures used for carrying out morphological analysis of peripheral nerve fibers in light, confocal, and electron microscopy. In particular, this paper emphasizes the importance of osmium tetroxide post-fixation as a useful procedure to be adopted independently from the embedding medium. In order to facilitate the use of any described techniques, all protocols are presented in full details. The pros and cons for each method are critically addressed and practical indications on the different imaging approaches are reported. Moreover, the basic rules of morpho-quantitative stereological analysis of nerve fibers are described addressing the important concepts of design-based sampling and the disector. Finally, a comparison of stereological analysis on myelinated nerve fibers between paraffin- and resin-embedded rat radial nerves is reported showing that different embedding procedures might influence the distribution of size parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin 10043, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raimondo
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fornaro
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Scipio
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ronchi
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Giacobini-Robecchi
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geuna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006652:Histological Techniques; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008853:Microscopy; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure