title: Antiproteinuric and blood pressure-lowering effects of a fixed-dose combination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the renoprotective and blood pressure-lowering effects of combination losartan-low-dose hydrochlorothiazide with losartan alone in hypertensive patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient clinic at a university-affiliated hospital in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty adults (mean age 67 yrs) with stage 3 CKD who had been receiving losartan 50 mg/day and had not achieved their target blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to receive combination losartan 50 mg-hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg/day in addition to losartan 50 mg/day (combination therapy group, 30 patients) or to receive losartan 100 mg/day (control group, 30 patients) over a 24-week period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Efficacy was determined by monitoring clinical and laboratory parameters. Mean baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 158/90 mm Hg in both groups; at 24 weeks of treatment, these blood pressures significantly decreased to 133/79 mm Hg in the combination therapy group compared with both baseline and the values in the control group (145/83 mm Hg). Although serum creatinine concentration increased and the estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased significantly in both groups, the urinary protein:creatinine ratio was significantly lower in the combination therapy group. With stratification of patients on the basis of whether they had diabetes mellitus, we found that the reduction in the urinary protein:creatinine ratio was more evident in the combination therapy group. No significant increase in the occurrence of adverse metabolic effects was noted in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these hypertensive patients with stage 3 CKD, combination therapy with the maximum recommended daily dose of losartan of 100 mg and a low dose of hydrochlorothiazide of 12.5 mg ameliorated proteinuria and reduced blood pressure more effectively than treatment with losartan 100 mg alone, irrespective of whether the patients had diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. mabe@med.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019808:Losartan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D003404:Creatinine; D019808:Losartan