title: Mitochondrial (dys)function in adipocyte (de)differentiation and systemic metabolic alterations.
abstract: In mammals, adipose tissue, composed of BAT and WAT, collaborates in energy partitioning and performs metabolic regulatory functions. It is the most flexible tissue in the body, because it is remodeled in size and shape by modifications in adipocyte cell size and/or number, depending on developmental status and energy fluxes. Although numerous reviews have focused on the differentiation program of both brown and white adipocytes as well as on the pathophysiological role of white adipose tissues, the importance of mitochondrial activity in the differentiation or the dedifferentiation programs of adipose cells and in systemic metabolic alterations has not been extensively reviewed previously. Here, we address the crucial role of mitochondrial functions during adipogenesis and in mature adipocytes and discuss the cellular responses of white adipocytes to mitochondrial activity impairment. In addition, we discuss the increase in scientific knowledge regarding mitochondrial functions in the last 10 years and the recent suspicion of mitochondrial dysfunction in several 21st century epidemics (ie, obesity and diabetes), as well as in lipodystrophy found in HIV-treated patients, which can contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting adipocyte mitochondria.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Aurélia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Pauw
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tejerina
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keijer
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arnould
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D054337:Cell Dedifferentiation / Q000502:physiology; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2008 Nov;8(5):347-58
references.pmid: 19046567
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Mar;105(3):428-40
references.pmid: 15746832
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1996 May;270(5 Pt 1):E768-75
references.pmid: 8967464
references.citation: Nature. 2007 Nov 29;450(7170):712-6
references.pmid: 18046409
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2005 Jun;1(6):393-9
references.pmid: 16054088
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Mar;6(3):248-61
references.pmid: 15738989
references.citation: Diabetes. 2006 Jun;55(6):1792-9
references.pmid: 16731844
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 1;280(26):25250-7
references.pmid: 15878856
references.citation: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2008 Feb;19(1):4-10
references.pmid: 18196980
references.citation: Diabetes. 2002 Aug;51(8):2459-66
references.pmid: 12145158
references.citation: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000;475:143-52
references.pmid: 10849656
references.citation: J Am Coll Nutr. 2007 Aug;26(4):389S-395S
references.pmid: 17906192
references.citation: Eur J Biochem. 2002 Jan;269(1):19-28
references.pmid: 11784294
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 25;277(4):2773-8
references.pmid: 11707458
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 29;278(35):33370-6
references.pmid: 12807871
references.citation: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Oct;289(4):E617-26
references.pmid: 15941786
references.citation: Cell. 2006 Dec 15;127(6):1109-22
references.pmid: 17112576
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2006 Jan;116(1):125-36
references.pmid: 16374519
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2002 Mar;2(3):331-41
references.pmid: 11879638
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 24;279(39):40462-9
references.pmid: 15265861
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Nov;24 Suppl 4:S3-7
references.pmid: 11126237
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Jul 27;406(6794):415-8
references.pmid: 10935638
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Sep;70(3):779-85
references.pmid: 16760360
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Jul 6;358(3):813-8
references.pmid: 17512501
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 May 25;282(21):15439-50
references.pmid: 17416903
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 6;277(36):32892-8
references.pmid: 12093799
references.citation: Mol Endocrinol. 1997 Jan;11(1):27-38
references.pmid: 8994185
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2005 Jun;1(6):409-14
references.pmid: 16054090
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 31;273(31):19834-9
references.pmid: 9677418
references.citation: Annu Rev Biochem. 1995;64:345-73
references.pmid: 7574486
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Nov;24 Suppl 4:S8-10
references.pmid: 11126248
references.citation: Apoptosis. 2003 Aug;8(4):327-35
references.pmid: 12815275
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Apr;92(4):1467-73
references.pmid: 17244782
references.citation: Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007 May;9(3):259-75
references.pmid: 17391151
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Feb;23(3):1085-94
references.pmid: 12529412
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Feb 13;56(3):642-6
references.pmid: 18211021
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 1;101(22):8437-42
references.pmid: 15155905
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2006 Jul 24;580(17):4126-30
references.pmid: 16828089
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 2005 Jun;46(6):1133-49
references.pmid: 15741651
references.citation: Biochem J. 2006 Sep 1;398(2):153-68
references.pmid: 16898874
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2000 Dec;26(4):435-9
references.pmid: 11101840
references.citation: Antivir Ther. 2006;11(6):729-40
references.pmid: 17310817
references.citation: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Oct;287(4):E799-803
references.pmid: 15198934
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2004 Nov;114(9):1281-9
references.pmid: 15520860
references.citation: FASEB J. 2000 Sep;14(12):1793-800
references.pmid: 10973929
references.citation: Science. 1999 Mar 5;283(5407):1482-8
references.pmid: 10066162
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2008 Jan 9;582(1):117-31
references.pmid: 18037376
references.citation: Nat Med. 2004 Jun;10(6):633-7
references.pmid: 15146178
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 9;279(15):15130-41
references.pmid: 14722061
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2006 May;3(5):333-41
references.pmid: 16679291
references.citation: Novartis Found Symp. 2007;287:60-3; discussion 63-9
references.pmid: 18074631
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008 May;9(5):367-77
references.pmid: 18401346
references.citation: Mol Cell Biochem. 2004 Dec;267(1-2):157-66
references.pmid: 15663197
references.citation: J Endocrinol Invest. 2002 Nov;25(10):823-35
references.pmid: 12508945
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 17;101(7):2058-63
references.pmid: 14769942
references.citation: Diabetes. 2005 May;54(5):1392-9
references.pmid: 15855325
references.citation: Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Aug;17(6):243-50
references.pmid: 16815031
references.citation: Antivir Ther. 2007;12(1):97-105
references.pmid: 17503753
references.citation: Cell. 2006 Jun 30;125(7):1241-52
references.pmid: 16814712
references.citation: Cell Death Differ. 2006 Dec;13(12):2154-6
references.pmid: 16691210
references.citation: J Cell Physiol. 2008 Apr;215(1):210-22
references.pmid: 18064604
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 11;277(2):1426-32
references.pmid: 11694510
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2009 Jan 1;122(Pt 1):145-55
references.pmid: 19066287
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006 Dec;63(23):2847-58
references.pmid: 17103110
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 30;101(48):16801-6
references.pmid: 15556998
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2005 Jun;1(6):401-8
references.pmid: 16054089
references.citation: Nat Med. 2005 Jul;11(7):797-803
references.pmid: 15965483
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Aug;14 Suppl 5:242S-249S
references.pmid: 17021375
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Nov;8(11):870-9
references.pmid: 17928812
references.citation: Mol Cell Biochem. 2004 Jul;262(1-2):1-16
references.pmid: 15532704
references.citation: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Nov;16(11):1095-105
references.pmid: 15489566
references.citation: Mol Aspects Med. 2004 Aug;25(4):365-451
references.pmid: 15302203
references.citation: Nature. 1996 Aug 15;382(6592):622-6
references.pmid: 8757131
references.citation: Nature. 2006 Nov 16;444(7117):337-42
references.pmid: 17086191
references.citation: Diabetes. 2002 Mar;51(3):624-30
references.pmid: 11872659
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jan 22;99(2):625-30
references.pmid: 11792850
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2003 Jul;34(3):267-73
references.pmid: 12808457
references.citation: Obes Rev. 2001 Nov;2(4):255-65
references.pmid: 12119996
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2003 Feb 4;42(4):971-9
references.pmid: 12549917
references.citation: Minerva Med. 2008 Jun;99(3):241-51
references.pmid: 18497722
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1500-8
references.pmid: 19357405
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;20(19):7292-9
references.pmid: 10982846
references.citation: Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1140-2
references.pmid: 12750520
references.citation: Clin Sci (Lond). 1997 Jan;92(1):3-11
references.pmid: 9038586
references.citation: EMBO J. 2002 Jan 15;21(1-2):53-63
references.pmid: 11782425
references.citation: Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2005 Feb;26(2):88-93
references.pmid: 15681026
references.citation: Mol Cell Biochem. 1976 Aug 30;12(2):113-25
references.pmid: 958214
references.citation: Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):384-7
references.pmid: 15662004
references.citation: AIDS. 2004 Nov 5;18(16):2127-36
references.pmid: 15577645
references.citation: Horm Res. 2006;65(6):300-10
references.pmid: 16641553
references.citation: PLoS Genet. 2007 Feb 23;3(2):e24
references.pmid: 17319745
references.citation: Endocrinology. 2006 Nov;147(11):5325-32
references.pmid: 16840543
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 Jan;28(1):176-9
references.pmid: 14557831
references.citation: Antivir Ther. 2006;11(1):25-34
references.pmid: 16518957
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2005 Nov;48(11):2365-75
references.pmid: 16205884
references.citation: Int J Obes (Lond). 2007 Dec;31(12):1763-76
references.pmid: 17653062
references.citation: Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2000;16:145-71
references.pmid: 11031233
references.citation: Mol Cell. 1999 Oct;4(4):597-609
references.pmid: 10549291
references.citation: Circ Res. 2005 Jun 10;96(11):1200-7
references.pmid: 15905464
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Mar;14(3):388-97
references.pmid: 16648609
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 2007 Sep;48(9):1905-14
references.pmid: 17699733
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2004 Aug 15;18(16):1970-5
references.pmid: 15289464
references.citation: Nature. 2006 Dec 14;444(7121):847-53
references.pmid: 17167472
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2006 Oct;116(10):2791-8
references.pmid: 16981010
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 20;279(34):35914-22
references.pmid: 15192111
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2003 Aug 28;550(1-3):163-7
references.pmid: 12935904
references.citation: Pharmacol Res Commun. 1974 Feb;6(1):1-21
references.pmid: 4372642
references.citation: Diabetes. 1998 Dec;47(12):1948-52
references.pmid: 9836529
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1995 Dec;96(6):2914-23
references.pmid: 8675663
references.citation: Diabetes. 2007 Jul;56(7):1751-60
references.pmid: 17456854
references.citation: Mol Genet Metab. 2005 May;85(1):46-53
references.pmid: 15862280
references.citation: Drugs. 1999 Oct;58(4):743-60
references.pmid: 10551441
references.citation: Drug Discov Today. 2005 Sep 15;10(18):1219-30
references.pmid: 16213414
references.citation: Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2008 Apr;9(4):371-8
references.pmid: 18393104
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2006 Apr 1;119(Pt 7):1266-82
references.pmid: 16537646
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 1969 Jan;10(1):77-82
references.pmid: 5764119
references.citation: J Endocrinol. 2003 Jun;177(3):351-5
references.pmid: 12773114
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 2007 Apr;48(4):826-36
references.pmid: 17202129
references.citation: Diabetes. 2007 Dec;56(12):2973-81
references.pmid: 17827403
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Dec 28;364(4):972-7
references.pmid: 17967414
references.citation: Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):417-23
references.pmid: 15164064
references.citation: Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):961-7
references.pmid: 18719582
references.citation: Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Sep;3(9):651-61
references.pmid: 17710086
references.citation: Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Dec;14(10):439-41
references.pmid: 14643055
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2004 Dec;114(12):1752-61
references.pmid: 15599400
references.citation: Nat Med. 2006 Jan;12(1):75-80
references.pmid: 16397575
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1518-25
references.pmid: 19357407