title: Paraplegia complicating selective steroid injections of the lumbar spine. Report of five cases and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selective steroid injections of the lumbar spine carry a risk of paraplegia of sudden onset. Seven cases have been reported in the English literature since 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five new cases have been analyzed, all coming from Paris area centers. Injections were performed between 2003 and 2008. The following items were searched for: location of a previous lumbar spine surgery if any, symptoms indicating the procedure, route of injection, imaging technique used for needle guidance, injection of a contrast medium, type of steroid, other drugs injected if any, paraplegia level, post-procedure MR findings. The current and reported cases were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MR findings were consistent with spinal cord ischemia of arterial origin. The high rate of patients who had been operated on in these cases does not correspond to that of patients undergoing injections. The presence of epidural scar might increase the risk. The foraminal route was the only one involved in nonoperated patients. Foraminal, interlaminar, or juxta-zygoapophyseal routes were used in operated-on patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high rate of French cases when compared to the literature might arise from the almost exclusive use of prednisolone acetate, a molecule with a high tendency to coalesce in macro-aggregates, putting the spinal cord at risk of arterial supply embolization.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Radiology Department, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. marc.wybier@lrb.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wybier
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaudart
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petrover
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Houdart
authors.forename: Jean-Denis
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Laredo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids
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