title: Behavioral approach system (BAS)-relevant cognitive styles and bipolar spectrum disorders: concurrent and prospective associations.
abstract: The authors examined concurrent and prospective associations of behavioral approach system (BAS)-relevant and non-BAS-relevant cognitive styles with bipolar spectrum disorders. Controlling for depressive and hypomanic/manic symptoms, 195 individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders scored higher than 194 demographically similar normal controls on BAS sensitivity and BAS-relevant cognitive dimensions of performance concerns, autonomy, and self-criticism, but not on behavioral inhibition system sensitivity and non-BAS-relevant dimensions of approval seeking, sociotropy, and dependency. Moreover, group differences on autonomy fully mediated the association between higher BAS sensitivity and bipolar status. In addition, only BAS-related cognitive dimensions predicted the likelihood of onset of depressive and hypomanic/manic episodes among the bipolar individuals over a 3.2-year follow-up, controlling for initial symptoms and past history of mood episodes. Higher autonomy and self-criticism predicted a greater likelihood of hypomanic/manic episodes, and higher autonomy predicted a lower likelihood of major depressive episodes. In addition, autonomy mediated the associations between BAS sensitivity and prospective hypomanic/manic episodes. These findings suggest that individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders may exhibit a unique profile of BAS-relevant cognitive styles that influence the course of their mood episodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. lalloy@temple.edu
authors.forename: Lauren B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Alloy
authors.forename: Lyn Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: Patricia D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Walshaw
authors.forename: Rachel K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gerstein
authors.forename: Jessica D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Keyser
authors.forename: Wayne G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Whitehouse
authors.forename: Snezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Urosevic
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nusslock
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Eddie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harmon-Jones
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003469:Culture; D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D055815:Young Adult
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