title: Evaluating the success of phosphorus management from field to watershed.
abstract: Studies have demonstrated some P loss reduction following implementation of remedial strategies at field scales. However, there has been little coordinated evaluation of best management practices (BMPs) on a watershed scale to show where, when, and which work most effectively. Thus, it is still difficult to answer with a degree of certainty, critical questions such as, how long before we see a response and where would we expect to observe the greatest or least response? In cases where field and watershed scales are monitored, it is not uncommon for trends in P loss to be disconnected. We review case studies demonstrating that potential causes of the disconnect varies, from competing sources of P at watershed scales that are not reflected in field monitoring to an abundance of sinks at watershed scales that buffer field sources. To be successful, P-based mitigation strategies need to occur iteratively, involve stakeholder driven programs, and address the inherent complexity of all P sources within watersheds.
authors.affiliation: Dep. of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Division of Agriculture, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. Sharpley@uark.edu
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Sharpley
authors.forename: Peter J A
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus