title: Changes in radiological protection and quality control in Spanish dental installations: 1996-2003.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The European Union has established specific directives concerning radiological protection which are obligatory for member States. In addition, all Spanish dental clinics with radiological equipment are required to have an annual quality control check.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of new European legislation on dental radiological practice in Spain and to determine whether it has resulted in lower doses being administered to patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10,171 official radiological quality control reports on Spanish dental clinics, covering 16 autonomous regions, were studied following the passing of Royal Decree 2071/1995 on quality criteria in radiodiagnostic installations. The reports, compiled by U.T.P.R Asigma S.A., a company authorised by the Nuclear Safety Council, cover the years 1996 to 2003, which has enabled us to monitor the evolution of radiological procedures in dental clinics over a seven year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the reports for 2003, 77.3 % of clinics complied with EU requirements, using equipment of 70 kVp, 8 mA, 1.5 mm Al filters, with a collimator length of 20 cm. However, non-compliance was detected in approximately a third (30.8%) of the equipment inspected: alterations in the kilovoltage used, exposure time, performance of the tubing, dosage, linearity/intensity of current and acoustic-luminous signal 6.86%. The mean skin dose reached 3.11 mGy for patients who received an x-ray of an upper molar, representing a decrease of 18% over the seven years studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  there has obviously been a general improvement in the parameters studied, but only 77.3% of the installations complied fully with official EU regulations concerning dental radiological protection.
authors.affiliation: Area de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina/Odontología, Universidad de Murcia 30100-Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain. mab@um.es
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alcaraz-Baños
authors.forename: María del Carmen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Parra-Pérez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Armero-Barranco
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Velasco-Hidalgo
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Velasco-Hidalgo
mesh_terms: D003740:Dental Clinics / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D011786:Quality Control; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D013030:Spain