Anxiety symptoms in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: association with blood glucose monitoring and glycemic control.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and their association with blood glucose monitoring (BGM) and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.


METHODS
276 adolescents and their caregivers completed measures of anxiety symptoms. Adolescents completed a measure of depressive symptoms. Demographic and family characteristics were obtained from caregiver report. Diabetes duration, regimen type, BGM frequency, and glycemic control were also collected.


RESULTS
Trait anxiety symptoms that suggest further clinical assessment is needed were present in 17% of adolescents; the rate was 13% for state anxiety symptoms. Higher levels of state anxiety symptoms were associated with less frequent BGM F(14, 261) = 6.35, p < .0001, R(2) = .25, and suboptimal glycemic control, F(15, 260) = 7.97, p < .0001, R(2) = .32. State anxiety symptoms were correlates of BGM frequency and glycemic control independent of depressive symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
State anxiety symptoms are associated with less frequent BGM and suboptimal glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Herzer
Michele
M
Center for the Promotion of Treatment Adherence and Self-Management, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 7039, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Hood
Korey K
KK
D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D017028:Caregivers; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
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