title: Gastric acid inhibition for fat malabsorption or gastroesophageal reflux disease in cystic fibrosis: longitudinal effect on bacterial colonization and pulmonary function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate bacterial colonization and pulmonary function longitudinally in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) receiving drugs for gastric acid (GA) inhibition for fat malabsorption or for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of 218 pediatric patients with CF was performed. Multilevel modeling was used to perform longitudinal analysis of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum expiratory flow at 50% of FVC (MEF(50)), and maximal mid-expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (MMEF(25-75)). Cox regression was used to calculate Pseudomonas aeruginosa- and Staphylococcus aureus-free survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CF and GA inhibition had a significantly smaller yearly decline of MEF(50) and MMEF(25-75) compared with control subjects. Other pulmonary function parameters and P aeruginosa or S aureus acquisition or colonization were not different from that of control subjects. GERD was associated with a significantly reduced pulmonary function (FEV(1) and FVC) and an earlier acquisition of P aeruginosa and S aureus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GA inhibition did not affect pulmonary function or bacterial acquisition and therefore is not contraindicated in patients with CF. GA inhibition might improve pulmonary function with time, because the decline of MEF(50) and MMEF(25-75) was less pronounced. GERD was associated with a reduced pulmonary function and an earlier acquisition of P aeruginosa and S aureus. Therefore the diagnosis and treatment of GERD should be aggressively pursued in patients with CF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. h.p.j.vanderdoef@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Hubert P J
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: van der Doef
authors.forename: Hubertus G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Arets
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Froeling
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Westers
authors.forename: Roderick H J
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Houwen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors