title: Establishing the mitochondrial DNA D-loop structure of Columba livia.
abstract: The complete mitochondrial DNA D-loop structure of pigeon (Columba livia) was established in this study. A strategy of amplifying three partial fragments of the D-loop and then combing the three fragments to cover the full length of the D-loop was adopted. Ten samples from pigeons were collected and were successfully amplified and sequenced. Repetitive sequences of a VNTR and an STR were both observed at the 3'-end of D-loop region. DNA sequence data revealed polymorphic sequences including indels, SNP, VNTR and STR within the D-loop. The size of the D-loop ranged from 1310 to 1327 bp from the initiation site of D-loop to the site immediately upstream of the repeat sequences depending upon the number of insertions or deletions. Each sample could be distinguished based on four genotyping procedures; being indels, SNPs, VNTRs and STRs. The polymorphic nature of the D-loop can be a valuable method for maternal identification and genetic linkage of pigeon in particular forensic science investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Science, Central Police University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Li-Chin
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.|Institute of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: James Chun-I
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Science, Central Police University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shu-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Science, Central Police University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Lin-Hsiang
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Centre for Forensic Science, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linacre
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Science, Central Police University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hsing-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D010856:Columbidae / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
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