title: Ocular blood flow and oxygen delivery to the retina in primary open-angle glaucoma patients: the addition of dorzolamide to timolol monotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of adding dorzolamide to timolol monotherapy on ocular haemodynamics and retinal oxygen saturation in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients (12 healthy, 12 with POAG) were treated with dorzolamide/timolol combination (DT) versus timolol maleate 0.5% twice daily in a randomized, crossover, double-blind study conducted over a period of 18 months. Patients received each treatment for 8 months then crossed over to the other treatment after a 1-month washout and second baseline. Goldmann applanation tonometry, Heidelberg retinal flowmetry (HRF), colour Doppler imaging (CDI) and retinal photographic oximetry were performed at each visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DT significantly reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) in both glaucomatous [right eye (OD) -13.15%, left eye (OS) -14.43%; p < 0.036] and non-glaucomatous (OD -12.4%, OS -13.88%; p < 0.039) patients compared to timolol after 8 months of treatment. DT significantly reduced the number of zero blood flow pixels in the superior (-39.72%; p < 0.014) and inferior (-51.44%; p < 0.008) retina in the non-glaucomatous group and inferior retina in the glaucomatous group (-55.38%, p < 0.006). The continuation of timolol monotherapy from baseline did not change (p < 0.05) any measured parameter and neither treatment had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on retinal oximetry or CDI parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of dorzolamide to timolol monotherapy decreases IOP and increases retinal blood flow in the superficial retinal vasculature in both glaucomatous and healthy patients following 8 months of treatment. The combination of increased retinal blood flow with consistent oxygen saturation may potentially increase oxygen delivery to the retina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Siesky
authors.forename: Alon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kagemann
authors.forename: Einar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stefansson
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McCranor
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Jeremiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bwatwa
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Regev
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply*; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013999:Timolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; D013999:Timolol; C062765:dorzolamide; D010100:Oxygen