title: Effect of dietary glycemic index on substrate transporter gene expression in human skeletal muscle after exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Skeletal muscle plays important role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism. In skeletal muscle, uptakes of glucose and fatty acid from circulation are facilitated by transmembrane substrate transporters GLUT4 and FAT/CD36, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary glycemic index (GI) on GLUT4 and FAT/CD36 gene expressions in human skeletal muscle after a single bout of exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight male subjects completed a 60-min cycling exercise at 75% maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2 max)), and were immediately fed an isocaloric meal containing either high-GI (HGI) or low-GI (LGI) diets, with similar proportions of carbohydrate, fat and protein in a crossover design. Muscle samples from deep vastus lateralis were taken by needle biopsy immediately after exercise and 3 h after exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After exercise, the HGI diet produced significantly greater glucose and insulin responses compared with the LGI diet, as indicated by the greater area under the curves. Both diets resulted in rapid reductions in plasma fatty acid and glycerol below fasting level. GLUT4 mRNA was downregulated by both HGI and LGI diets to a comparable extent, whereas GLUT4 protein levels were not changed during this short period. FAT/CD36 mRNA and protein levels were substantially decreased with the HGI diet below baseline, but not with the LGI diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found a significant dietary GI effect on post-exercise FAT/CD36 gene expression in human skeletal muscle. This result implicates that the differences in dietary GI are sufficient to alter fat metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, National Taichung University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: I-S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: S-F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: K-L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H-Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mallikarjuna
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D001706:Biopsy; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; D006003:Glycogen