title: [Urinary tract infections characterization in a spinal cord injury rehabilitation unit].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common problem among patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) accounting for 50% of nosocomial infections in some international studies. There are several risk identified like: increased residual urine and bladder pressure, bladder overfilled and catheter use. Protocols for UTI's diagnosis and management, used in our Unit, are based on criteria for bladder dysfunction of the National Institute of Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Identify and characterize the bacterial spectrum and susceptibility to antibiotics; determinate the infection frequency according to voiding method and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification; check the possibility of cross infections between inpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  158 urine samples were obtained and microbiologically evaluated from 27 inpatients (10 woman and 17 men) during 19 consecutive weeks. Mean age of the patients was 46 years old; 10 could void spontaneously, 9 used indwelling urethral catheters and 8 intermittent catheterization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common bacteria were E. coli (49%) and Klebsiella (22%). Most of the agents were more sensitive to Amoxicilin than Fluoroquinolones. We found 24,6% of UTI's in our patients with spinal cord injury, mainly in the ones using a catheterization technique. Patients in indwelling catheterization had a higher number of UTI's than those with intermittent catheters. No definite cross infections could be found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E. coli continues to be the most frequent bacteria causing this infection. Fluoroquinolones resistance is rising. Amoxicilin/Clavulanic acid is an alternative for immediate empiric treatment. Intermittent catheterization is the best method of bladder management since most of the UTI's were found in patients with indwelling catheters. ASIA D spontaneously voiding patients were the ones with fewer infections. Asymptomatic bacteriúrias should not be treated since we observed a weekly change in microbiological studies of 47% without any therapeutic intervention The small number of UTI's, compared to other SCI Rehabilitation Units, may be due to the strictly fulfilment of the hospital infection preventive program. Moreover, the care given to prompt identification and surveillance of the neurogenic bladder seems to be crucial to prevention and management of UTI's.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Geral Santo António, Porto.
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trêpa
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine