title: Individual, social-normative, and policy predictors of smoking cessation: a multilevel longitudinal analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the prospective impact of individual, social-normative, and policy predictors of quit attempts and smoking cessation among Massachusetts adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We interviewed a representative sample of current and recent smokers in Massachusetts by telephone in 2001 through 2002 and then again twice at 2-year intervals. The unit of analysis was the 2-year transition from wave 1 to wave 2 and from wave 2 to wave 3. Predictors of quit attempts and abstinence of longer than 3 months were analyzed using multilevel analysis. Predictors included individual, social-normative, and policy factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses of 2-year transitions showed that perceptions of strong antismoking town norms were predictive of abstinence (odds ratio = 2.06; P < .01). Household smoking bans were the only policy associated with abstinence, but smoking bans at one's worksite were significant predictors of quit attempts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although previous research showed a strong relation between local policy and norms, we found no observable, prospective impact of local policy on smoking cessation over 2 years. Our findings provide clear support for the importance of strong antismoking social norms as a facilitator of smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA. lois.biener@umb.edu
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Biener
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Eileen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003256:Community Participation; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012931:Social Environment; D012945:Social Values; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology
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