title: Different patterns of intestinal response to injury after arterial, venous or arteriovenous occlusion in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the differences in injury patterns caused by arterial, venous or arteriovenous mesenteric occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were separated equally into four groups. Occlusion was performed by clamping the superior mesenteric artery (A), the mesenteric vein (V) or both (AV) for 30 min, followed by 60 min of reperfusion. A control group received sham surgery only. Intestinal sections were examined for histological damage and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), endothelin-1 (ET-1), P-selectin, antithrombin III (ATIII) and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) concentrations were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups showed significant mucosal injury compared to controls. Furthermore, mucosal injury was significantly more severe in the V and AV groups compared to the A group (3.6 +/- 0.55, 3.4 +/- 0.55 and 2 +/- 0.71, respectively P = 0.01). ICAM-1 was similarly elevated in all groups, with no significant differences between the groups. P-selectin levels were significantly elevated in the V and AV groups but not the A group (1.4 +/- 0.5 ng/mL, 2.52 +/- 0.9 ng/mL and 0.02 +/- 0.01 ng/mL, respectively, P = 0.01) and ET-1 was significantly elevated in the A and V groups but not the AV group (0.32 +/- 0.04 pg/mL, 0.36 +/- 0.05 pg/mL and 0.29 +/- 0.03 pg/mL, respectively, P = 0.01) compared to sham controls. ATIII levels were markedly depleted in the V and AV groups, but not in the A group (29.1 +/- 5.2 pg/mL, 31.4 +/- 21.8 pg/mL and 55.8 +/- 35.6 pg/mL, respectively, P = 0.01), compared to controls. Serum TNF-alpha was significantly increased in all groups compared to sham controls (1.32 +/- 0.87 ng/mL, 1.79 +/- 0.20 ng/mL and 4.4 +/- 0.69 ng/mL, for groups A, V and AV, respectively, P = 0.01), with higher values in the AV group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different patterns of response to ischemia/reperfusion are associated with venous, arterial or arteriovenous occlusion. Venous and arteriovenous occlusion was associated with the most severe alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Guzmán-de la Garza
authors.forename: Carlos Rodrigo
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cámara-Lemarroy
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alarcón-Galván
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cordero-Pérez
authors.forename: Linda Elsa
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Espinosa
authors.forename: Nancy Esthela
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Fernández-Garza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D008641:Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion / Q000150:complications; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019332:Endothelin-1; D019007:P-Selectin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000990:Antithrombin III
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