title: Genetic trade-off between abilities to avoid attack and to mate: a cost of tonic immobility.
abstract: Consistent individual differences in correlated behaviours across contexts or situations, that is, behavioural syndromes, have recently been identified as an important factor shaping the evolution of behavioural traits, because of their potential for explaining trade-offs in behavioural responses. We examined a genetic link between abilities to mate and to avoid predation from the viewpoint of two genetically correlated behavioural traits; tonic immobility (TI), which is considered to be an antipredator behaviour, and activity levels in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Males derived from two strains artificially selected for divergent durations of TI were used in the present study: the L strain (with longer duration and higher frequency of TI) and the S strain (shorter duration and lower frequency of TI). We found that males of the L strain had higher survival rates in predatory environments than those of the S strain, and lower mating success even in predator-free environments. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical study showing a genetic trade-off between abilities to mate and to avoid predation in relation to behavioural syndromes, using individuals exhibiting different behavioural strategies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 111, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyatake
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D046353:Immobility Response, Tonic / Q000502:physiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014231:Tribolium / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
references.citation: Nature. 2006 Apr 13;440(7086):880
references.pmid: 16612371
references.citation: Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2008 May;83(2):151-71
references.pmid: 18429767
references.citation: Heredity (Edinb). 1948 Dec;2(Pt. 3):349-68
references.pmid: 18103134
references.citation: Proc Biol Sci. 2007 Mar 22;274(1611):755-61
references.pmid: 17251088
references.citation: Trends Ecol Evol. 2004 Jul;19(7):372-8
references.pmid: 16701288
references.citation: Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Jul 7;273(1594):1631-6
references.pmid: 16769634
references.citation: Naturwissenschaften. 2008 Jul;95(7):617-24
references.pmid: 18392601
references.citation: Behav Genet. 1981 Jul;11(4):395-401
references.pmid: 7325945
references.citation: Proc Biol Sci. 2004 Nov 7;271(1554):2293-6
references.pmid: 15539355