title: Type II endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: effectiveness of embolization.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to report our experience in treating type II endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Two hundred eighteen patients underwent EVAR with a Zenith stent-graft from January 2000 to December 2005. During a follow-up period of 4.5 + or - 2.3 years, solely type II endoleak was detected in 47 patients (22%), and 14 of them underwent secondary interventions to correct this condition. Ten patients had transarterial embolization, and four patients had translumbar/transabdominal embolization. The embolization materials used were coils, thrombin, gelatin, Onyx (ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer), and glue. Disappearance of the endoleak without enlargement of the aneurysm sac after the first secondary intervention was achieved in only five of these patients (5/13). One patient without surveillance imaging was excluded from analyses of clinical success. After additional interventions in four patients and the spontaneous disappearance of type II endoleak in two patients, overall clinical success was achieved in eight patients (8/12). One patient did not have surveillance imaging after the second secondary intervention. Clinical success after the first secondary intervention was achieved in two patients (2/9) in the transarterial embolization group and three patients (3/4) in the translumbar embolization group. The results of secondary interventions for type II endoleak are unsatisfactory. Although the small number of patients included in this study prevents reliable comparisons between groups, the results seem to favor direct translumbar embolization in comparison to transarterial embolization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 50, 90029 Oulu, Finland. Terhi.Nevala@ppshp.fi
authors.forename: Terhi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nevala
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biancari
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Manninen
authors.forename: Pekka-Sakari
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Aho
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matsi
authors.forename: Kimmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mäkinen
authors.forename: Wolf-Dieter
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ylönen
authors.forename: Mauri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lepäntalo
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perälä
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome