title: Dietary fatty acids and predementia syndromes.
abstract: An increasing body of epidemiological evidence suggests that elevated saturated fatty acids (SFA) could have negative effects on age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). Furthermore, a reduction of risk for cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been found in population samples with elevated fish consumption, and high intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly n-3 PUFA. However, recent findings from clinical trials with n-3 PUFA supplementation showed efficacy on depressive symptoms in non-apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 carriers, and on cognitive symptoms only in very mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) subgroups, MCI patients, and cognitively unimpaired non-APOE epsilon4 carriers. These data, together with epidemiological evidence, support the idea that n-3 PUFA may play a role in maintaining adequate cognitive functioning in predementia syndromes, but not when the AD process has already taken over. Therefore, at present, no definitive dietary recommendations on fish and unsaturated fatty acids consumption, or lower intake of saturated fat, in relation to the risk for dementia and cognitive decline are possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, Memory Unit, University of Bari, Italy. v.solfrizzi@geriatria.uniba.it
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Solfrizzi
authors.forename: Vincenza
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Frisardi
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Capurso
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Introno
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Colacicco
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vendemiale
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capurso
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Panza
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D017747:Seafood
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids