Effect of water soluble vitamins on Zn transport of Caco-2 cells and their implications under oxidative stress conditions.
BACKGROUND
The role of different water soluble vitamins in Zn metabolism beyond intestinal Zn absorption is poorly explored.


OBJECTIVE
Using Caco-2 cells, effects of different vitamins on intestinal Zn transport and their implications under oxidative stress (OS) were investigated.


METHODS
Cells were apically treated with Zn (25 muM) and vitamins (Folic acid (FA), Nicotinic acid (NA), Ascorbic acid (AA), riboflavin, thiamine, pyridoxine) for 60 min. The effect of most promising vitamins on zinc transport, antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), and intracellular OS status (ROS generation and mitochondrial transmembrane potential) were investigated. OS was generated by tert-butyl hydro peroxide and results for each vitamin were compared with respective Zn containing controls with and without OS.


RESULTS
Without OS, Zn transport was slightly enhanced in presence of NA, while it was significantly reduced by thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine. Under OS, NA significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced Zn transport in dose-dependent manner, while, pyridoxine and AA moderately improved it. Under both conditions, Zn transport exhibited decreasing trend with increase of FA. The antioxidant enzyme and OS markers levels varied significantly in Zn + vitamins. With Zn + FA + OS, enzyme activities decreased maximally, with twofold increase in 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) (P < 0.01) and lowering of rhodamine fluorescence (P < 0.05). In Zn + AA + OS, DCF-DA fluorescence increased (P < 0.05) but with NA, cellular enzymes, and antioxidant profile were improved.


CONCLUSIONS
Results for the first time demonstrate advantageous effects of NA and deleterious consequences of FA with no effect by AA on Zn transport, especially under OS. These observed changes in the transport of Zn seem to have an impact on OS markers.
Tupe
Rashmi Santosh
RS
Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411004, India.
Agte
Vaishali Vilas
VV
D000975:Antioxidants; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D009525:Niacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D012995:Solubility; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014815:Vitamins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014867:Water; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D000975:Antioxidants; D014815:Vitamins; D014867:Water; D009525:Niacin; D005492:Folic Acid; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015032:Zinc; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
J Nutr. 2000 May;130(5S Suppl):1432S-6S
10801956
Arch Biochem Biophys. 1978 Feb;186(1):189-95
24422
Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Feb 15;34(4):443-55
12566070
J Dairy Sci. 2004 Nov;87(11):3629-37
15483146
Free Radic Biol Med. 1998 Oct;25(6):660-5
9801065
J Inorg Biochem. 1980 Jan;12(1):71-8
7189547
J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Nov 26;56(22):10967-72
18947232
Br Med J. 1960 Apr 9;1(5179):1099-102
13809099
Life Sci. 2000 Apr 7;66(20):1905-13
10821115
J Nutr. 1994 Apr;124(4):580-7
8145081
J Nutr. 1996 Jan;126(1):251-8
8558308
J Nutr. 2000 May;130(5S Suppl):1374S-7S
10801946
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Dec 31;149(3):889-96
3122747
Am J Physiol. 1999 Apr;276(4):G958-64
10198340
J Biol Chem. 1979 May 25;254(10):4245-52
374409
J Nutr. 1994 Apr;124(4):508-16
8145072
J Nutr. 2008 Sep;138(9):1664-70
18716167
J Nutr. 1998 Oct;128(10):1794-801
9772151
Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Aug 1;31(3):304-14
11461767
Biochem Pharmacol. 1984 Jun 1;33(11):1801-7
6145422
J Nutr. 1992 Jun;122(6):1242-7
1316957
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Sep 16;1404(3):393-404
9739168
FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 11;435(1):11-5
9755849
Toxicol In Vitro. 2000 Jun;14(3):219-26
10806372
Nutr Res. 2008 Jun;28(6):406-13
19083439
Free Radic Res. 2000 Dec;33(6):819-30
11237104
Biofactors. 2007;30(1):27-34
18198399
Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Mar 15;57(6):685-95
10037455
J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Jan 16;50(2):390-5
11782213
Metabolism. 1984 Jun;33(6):491-501
6727650
J Lab Clin Med. 2002 May;139(5):311-5
12032492
Pharm Res. 2001 Oct;18(10):1420-5
11697467
J Pharm Sci. 2000 Jun;89(6):826-33
10824142
J Surg Res. 2000 Dec;94(2):178-84
11104659
J Nutr. 1996 Jun;126(6):1701-12
8648446
J Biol Chem. 2007 May 11;282(19):14389-93
17355957
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1987;57(1):87-90
3583599
Carcinogenesis. 1999 Nov;20(11):2153-7
10545419
J Cell Physiol. 1992 Apr;151(1):1-7
1560036
Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 Dec;32(12):2495-9
506973
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jun 11;318(4):992-7
15147971
FASEB J. 1988 Oct;2(13):2884-90
2458983
Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 May;26(9-10):1194-201
10381190
Am J Physiol. 1997 Oct;273(4):G812-23
9357822
Arch Biochem Biophys. 1993 May;302(2):348-55
8387741
J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265-75
14907713
J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 13;275(41):31819-25
10896936
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1977;17:133-48
326160