title: Relative inhibitory activity of bile acids against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation, and chenodeoxycholic acid inhibition of tumour promotion in mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bile acids are present in Bezoar Bovis and Fel Ursi, traditionally used as antipyretics and antispasmodics. However the anti-inflammatory activity of individual bile acids and related compounds has not yet been investigated. In this paper, we report the structure-activity relationships influencing the anti-inflammatory activity of a variety of structurally different bile acid derivatives and also the inhibitory activity of chenodeoxycholic acid against tumour promotion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty derivatives of bile acids were examined for their inhibitory activity against the induction of oedema in mouse ear by application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Also, the effect of chenodeoxycholic acid was studied in mouse skin in which tumours had been induced by topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by TPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many bile acid derivatives had an inhibitory effect against TPA-induced ear oedema at a similar grade to that of indometacin. Chenodeoxycholic acid, methyl 3alpha,7alpha,15alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oate and methyl 3alpha,7alpha,15beta-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oate showed the most potent activity with an ID50 value of 71-110 nmol/ear, a level corresponding to that of hydrocortisone (69 nmol/ear). Furthermore, chenodeoxycholic acid markedly suppressed tumour-promoting activity by TPA following initiation by DMBA in mouse skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on the anti-inflammatory activity of bile acids on TPA-induced inflammatory ear oedema in mice. Chenodeoxycholic acid, methyl 3alpha,7alpha,15alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oate and methyl 3alpha,7alpha,15beta-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oate showed the most potent activity, at a level corresponding to that of hydrocortisone. Furthermore, chenodeoxycholic acid markedly inhibited tumour promotion in a two-stage carcinogenesis model in mouse skin.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, Japan. self-med@pha.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasukawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D002635:Chenodeoxycholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002273:Carcinogens; D002635:Chenodeoxycholic Acid; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D007213:Indomethacin