title: Investigating unused medications in New Zealand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to determine the reasons for returning medications unused and the types of unused medications returned based on therapeutic class.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in a region of New Zealand covered by the Hutt Valley District Health Board. This region has approximately 51,000 households.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 'Disposal of Unwanted Medication Properly (DUMP)' campaign was conducted for a four week period in November 2007 in the Hutt Valley DHB region. A collection bag was delivered to every household for the collection and disposal of any unused medications. Participants were instructed to return the bags to a community pharmacy. Those returning medications were also asked to complete a questionnaire to determine why the medications were not used. A sample of the returned medications was identified and quantified and every completed questionnaire was analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measures included: types and quantities of medications returned, calculated costs of these medications and reasons for returns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the four week period, 1,605 bags were returned for disposal. A total of 329 bags (20%) containing a total of 1,253 items were fully analysed. Only 653 questionnaires were completed (41%) all of which were analysed. The most commonly reported reason for not using the medication was that it had passed the expiry date (26%), the second was treatment change (24%), followed by condition resolved (15%). 'Alimentary tract & metabolism' and 'respiratory systems & allergies' accounted for 21 and 20% of cost respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that main reasons identified for patients having unwanted medications were 'treatment changes' and 'expired'. Additionally respiratory medications contributed 20% of the costs associated with unused medications.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. rhiannon.braund@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: Rhiannon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Braund
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gn
authors.forename: Robynne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000191:economics; D016527:Drug Costs; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal / Q000191:economics; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D055553:Prescription Drugs
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