Constraints on evolution of virus avirulence factors predict the durability of corresponding plant resistances.
SUMMARY Understanding the factors driving pathogen emergence and re-emergence is a major challenge, particularly in agriculture, where the use of resistant plant cultivars imposes strong selective pressures on plant pathogen populations and leads frequently to 'resistance breakdown'. Presently, durable resistances are only identified after a long period of large-scale cultivation of resistant cultivars. We propose a new predictor of the durability of plant resistance. Because resistance breakdown involves modifications in the avirulence factors of pathogens, we tested for correlations between the evolutionary constraints acting on avirulence factors or their diversity and the durability of the corresponding resistance genes in the case of plant-virus interactions. An analysis performed on 20 virus species-resistance gene combinations revealed that the selective constraints applied on amino acid substitutions in virus avirulence factors correlate with the observed durability of the corresponding resistance genes. On the basis of this result, a model predicting the potential durability of resistance genes as a function of the selective constraints applied on the corresponding avirulence factors is proposed to help breeders to select the most durable resistance genes.
Janzac
Berenger
B
INRA, UR407 Pathologie Végétale, Domaine Saint Maurice, BP94, F-84140 Montfavet, France. berengerjanzac@hotmail.com
Fabre
Frederic
F
Palloix
Alain
A
Moury
Benoit
B
D030541:Databases, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017343:Genes, Plant; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*
D037521:Virulence Factors
Mol Biol Evol. 2002 Jan;19(1):49-57
11752189
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Oct;67(10):4399-406
11571135
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2005;43:581-621
16078896
J Virol. 1993 Nov;67(11):6432-8
8411345
J Gen Virol. 2008 May;89(Pt 5):1314-1323
18420811
Comput Appl Biosci. 1994 Apr;10(2):189-91
8019868
Trends Ecol Evol. 2007 Sep;22(9):472-80
17509727
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2002;40:349-79
12147764
Mol Plant Pathol. 2008 May;9(3):369-84
18705877
Virology. 1995 Jun 1;209(2):498-505
7778282
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2001;39:187-224
11701864
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 Sep;20(9):1075-82
17849710
Bioinformatics. 2005 May 15;21(10):2531-3
15713735
Virus Genes. 2007 Apr;34(2):205-14
17160553
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2008 Jul;21(7):931-6
18533833
Virology. 2006 Feb 5;345(1):156-66
16263149
Plant J. 2000 Jan;21(1):73-81
10652152
Plant J. 2005 May;42(3):392-405
15842624
Plant J. 2000 Sep;23(5):653-61
10972891
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2004 Jun;17(6):668-75
15195949
Mol Biol Evol. 1999 Oct;16(10):1315-28
10563013
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007;315:51-66
17848060
Plant J. 1995 Dec;8(6):933-41
8580963
J Virol. 2001 Mar;75(5):2411-20
11160744
Virus Res. 2004 Mar;100(1):31-9
15036833
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2006;44:235-60
16784403
EMBO J. 1988 Jun;7(6):1575-81
16453849
J Gen Virol. 2005 Oct;86(Pt 10):2897-2911
16186246
Genetics. 2000 Oct;156(2):879-91
11014833
Genetics. 2000 May;155(1):431-49
10790415
Bioinformatics. 2005 Jan 15;21(2):260-2
15377507
J Gen Virol. 2003 Oct;84(Pt 10):2853-2859
13679620
J Gen Virol. 1995 Aug;76 ( Pt 8):2057-61
7636487
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2000 Oct;13(10):1102-8
11043471
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2004 Mar;17(3):322-9
15000399
Phytopathology. 2003 Aug;93(8):941-52
18943860
Arch Virol. 2007;152(5):903-14
17238011
Trends Ecol Evol. 2004 Oct;19(10):535-44
16701319
Trends Genet. 2005 Jul;21(7):381-5
15946765
Plant Cell. 1989 May;1(5):515-22
2535549
J Gen Virol. 2006 May;87(Pt 5):1369-1373
16603540
J Gen Virol. 2007 May;88(Pt 5):1594-1601
17412992
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jul 21;95(15):9014-8
9671796
Phytopathology. 2007 Mar;97(3):325-30
18943652
Virus Res. 2002 Jun;86(1-2):1-6
12076824
Mol Plant Pathol. 2005 Sep 1;6(5):551-9
20565679
Mol Biol Evol. 2004 Aug;21(8):1602-11
15155801
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 May;20(5):547-58
17506332
Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80
7984417
Phytopathology. 2003 Dec;93(12):1478-84
18943611