title: Three-dimensional morphology of the palate in patients with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate at the stage of permanent dentition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Three-dimensional analysis of palate size and shape in 30 patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLPc) at the stage of permanent dentition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study based on laser scanning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty dental casts of boys approximately 15 years old with BCLPc and 28 dental casts of healthy boys of the same age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arched-lip suture with periosteoplasty and push-back of the palate with pharyngeal-flap surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on palate height in the 210 defined locations and on palate widths and profile area in 10 transverse sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The palate in patients with BCLPc was conical and narrower than in control study subjects, much more anteriorly than posteriorly. From the canines posteriorly, the palate was of almost constant height of 10 mm in the midline, being higher than in control study subjects at this location and lower more posteriorly (by 24% to 29% between molars). The area of transverse sections was reduced as compared with control study subjects from the first premolars posteriorly and reached more than 40% between molars. The length of the palate up to the first molars was not changed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BCLPc subjects exhibited narrow, low, and flat palate. Palate size and shape differences indicate a substantial reduction of the space for the tongue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic. smahel@natur.cuni.cz
authors.forename: Zbynek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Smahel
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Velemínská
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trefný
authors.forename: Ziva
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Müllerová
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000473:pathology; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D003765:Models, Dental; D015903:Moire Topography; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013536:Suture Techniques