title: Anti-inflammatory effects of the roots of Alpinia pricei Hayata and its phenolic compounds.
abstract: Alpinia pricei Hayata is cultivated throughout Asia and is an endemic plant in Taiwan. The leaf and root of this plant are used for traditional wrapping of food and as a cooking substitute for fresh ginger. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts from A. pricei Hayata (EEAP) and its phenolic compounds. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling indicated that EEAP contained caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, apigenin, curcumin and pinocembrin. EEAP and its phenolic compounds, apigenin, curcumin, and pinocembrin, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, EEAP, apigenin, curcumin, and pinocembrin decreased LPS-mediated induction of protein and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, EEAP and its major active compound pinocembrin inhibited LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and NF-kappaB-mediated reporter gene expression. EEAP and pinocembrin also significantly inhibited LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in RAW 264.7 cells. When these results are taken together, they indicate that EEAP and pinocembrin suppressed LPS-induced NO and PGE(2) production by inhibition of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and ROS generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chin-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Gow-Chin
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047310:Apigenin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D044950:Flavanones; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D047310:Apigenin; C016063:pinocembrin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D003474:Curcumin; D015232:Dinoprostone