title: Accelerated photo-induced hydrophilicity promotes osseointegration: an animal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the previous in vitro study, fluoride-modified, anodized porous titanium was proven to have enhanced its photo-induced hydrophilicity, which induced the hyperactivation of initial cell response.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to investigate in vivo bone apposition during the early stages of osseointegration in rabbit tibiae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anodized porous titanium implants (TiU, TiUnite®, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were modified with 0.175 wt% ammonium hydrogen fluoride solution (NH(4) F-HF(2) ). Twenty-four hours prior to the experiments, the surface-modified implants were ultraviolet-irradiated (modTiU). Blinded and unpackaged TiU implants were used as controls. Thereafter, the implants were placed in the rabbit tibial metaphyses and histomorphometrically analyzed at 2 and 6 weeks after insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ModTiU demonstrated a significantly greater degree of bone-to-metal contact than TiU after 2 and 6 weeks of healing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results proved that the enhanced photo-induced hydrophilicity of the NH(4) F-HF(2) -modified anodized implants promoted bone apposition during the early stages of osseointegration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimbo
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.forename: Tetsurou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Odatsu
authors.forename: Tsunehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawase
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000528:radiation effects; D013977:Tibia / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium