title: Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents in human epileptogenic neocortex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents (I(H)) play a pivotal role in the control of neuronal excitability. In animal models of epilepsy both increases and decreases of I(H) have been reported. We, therefore, characterized properties of I(H) in human epileptogenic neocortex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Layer II/III neurons in slices from epilepsy surgery tissues and rat cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamp recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 484 neurons from 96 temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) tissues and 32 neurons from 8 frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) tissues were recorded. Voltage-clamp recordings revealed on hyperpolarizing command steps two time- and voltage-dependent inward currents, namely a fast, Ba(2+)-sensitive current (K(IR)) and a slowly activating current, namely consisting of two kinetically distinct components sensitive to the established I(H) blocker ZD7288. Only, the fast component (I(H)(fast)) of TLE neurons was on average smaller and activated more slowly (density 2.7 +/- 1.6 pA/pF; tau 38.4 +/- 34.0 ms) than in FLE neurons (4.7 +/- 2.3 pA/pF; 16.6 +/- 7.9 ms; p < 0.001 for both). Within the TLE tissues the I(H)(fast) density (averaged per patient) was smaller in cases with numerous annual grand mal seizures (GM; 2.2 +/- 0.6 pA/pF) compared to those with few GM (2.8 +/- 1.0 pA/pF; p = 0.0184). A similar difference was obtained in the case of complex partial seizures (CPS; many CPS 2.2 +/- 0.6 pA/pF; few CPS 2.9 +/- 1.0 pA/pF, p = 0.0037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biophysical properties of I(H) in cortices from TLE, FLE, and rat tissue suggest a deficit of HCN1 subunits in the human epileptogenic neocortex, which in turn may increase excitability and probability of seizure activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wierschke
authors.forename: Thomas-Nicolas
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dehnicke
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nitsch
authors.forename: Rudolf A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Deisz
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002412:Cations; D054815:Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017034:Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D008297:Male; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000502:physiology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D054815:Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels; C578665:HCN1 protein, human; C578667:Hcn1 protein, rat; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011743:Pyrimidines; C082246:ICI D2788