title: Colorectal cancer in Iran: immunohistochemical profiles of four mismatch repair proteins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to determine the profile of mismatch repair (MMR) defects in Iranian colorectal cancer patients by using immunohistochemical staining for products of four MMR genes: MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples of 343 patients were immunostained for MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6. Clinical and family history and survival data were compared between normal and abnormal staining patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen percent of the patients had abnormal nuclear staining for MMR proteins. MLH1 was absent in four, MLH1/PMS2 in 15, PMS2 in five, MSH2 in 12, and MSH2/MSH6 in 12 patients. These tumors were more proximal, had a nonsignificant better survival, and were more associated with positive family history. Estimation of this study of prevalence of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in Iran was 5.5% of the total colorectal cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Along with the recommendations of the National Institute of Cancer, we recommend immunohistochemistry staining for MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6 for determining the eligibility of patients for mutation analysis of MMR genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University M.C., Tehran, Iran. m_molaei@sbmu.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mahsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molaei
authors.forename: Babak Khoshkrood
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Mansoori
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghiasi
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khatami
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Attarian
authors.forename: MohammadReza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zali
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007492:Iran; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070976:Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C094443:G-T mismatch-binding protein; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C094934:PMS2 protein, human; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070976:Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes
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