title: Serial, covert shifts of attention during visual search are reflected by the frontal eye fields and correlated with population oscillations.
abstract: Attention regulates the flood of sensory information into a manageable stream, and so understanding how attention is controlled is central to understanding cognition. Competing theories suggest visual search involves serial and/or parallel allocation of attention, but there is little direct, neural evidence for either mechanism. Two monkeys were trained to covertly search an array for a target stimulus under visual search (endogenous) and pop-out (exogenous) conditions. Here, we present neural evidence in the frontal eye fields (FEF) for serial, covert shifts of attention during search but not pop-out. Furthermore, attention shifts reflected in FEF spiking activity were correlated with 18-34 Hz oscillations in the local field potential, suggesting a "clocking" signal. This provides direct neural evidence that primates can spontaneously adopt a serial search strategy and that these serial covert shifts of attention are directed by the FEF. It also suggests that neuron population oscillations may regulate the timing of cognitive processing.
authors.affiliation: The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. buschman@mit.edu
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Buschman
authors.forename: Earl K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000166:cytology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
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