title: Detection of submicroscopic disease in the bone marrow and unaffected testis of a child with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who experienced "isolated" testicular relapse.
abstract: Testicular relapse has an impact on the prognosis of boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Because isolated testicular relapse often precedes hematological relapse, systemic therapy is required in addition to local therapy. However, a rationale for the use of a combination of systemic chemotherapy and local therapy is unclear. A 12-year-old boy with T-ALL suffered from isolated testicular relapse at 27 months after diagnosis. He was successfully treated with systemic chemotherapy with orchiectomy and prophylactic irradiation to the contralateral testis. We retrospectively estimated the minimal residual disease in the bone marrow (BM) and the testis by detection of clone-specific T-cell receptor rearrangement of leukemic cells. We detected leukemic cells in the affected testis at relapse, as well as in the BM at initial diagnosis. In addition, we confirmed submicroscopic disease in the unaffected testis and the BM at relapse. We conclude that molecular analysis could reveal the submicroscopic disease in the patient with apparently isolated testicular relapse. This finding may provide a rationale for intensified systemic treatment of patients with isolated testicular relapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan. hase-dai@umin.net.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Chitose
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takusagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshinari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsurusawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hosoya
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001215:Asparaginase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000473:pathology; D009919:Orchiectomy; D054218:Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012074:Remission Induction; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D001215:Asparaginase; D011241:Prednisone; D003630:Daunorubicin
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