title: DNA barcoding of commercially important salmon and trout species (Oncorhynchus and Salmo) from North America.
abstract: The present study investigated the ability of DNA barcoding to reliably identify the seven commercially important salmon and trout species (genera Oncorhynchus and Salmo ) in North America. More than 1000 salmonid reference samples were collected from a wide geographic range. DNA extracts from these samples were sequenced for the standard 650 bp barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI). DNA barcodes showed low intraspecies divergences (mean, 0.26%; range, 0.04-1.09%), and the mean congeneric divergence was 32-fold greater, at 8.22% (range, 3.42-12.67%). The minimum interspecies divergence was always greater than the maximum intraspecies divergence, indicating that these species can be reliably differentiated using DNA barcodes. Furthermore, several shorter barcode regions (109-218 bp), termed "mini-barcodes", were identified in silico that can differentiate all eight species, providing a potential means for species identification in heavily processed products.
authors.affiliation: Oregon State University Seafood Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Astoria, Oregon 97103, USA. rosalee.rasmussen@oregonstate.edu
authors.forename: Rosalee S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.forename: Paul D N
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hebert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005396:Fish Products / Q000145:classification*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D009656:North America; D017683:Oncorhynchus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D014337:Trout / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004247:DNA