title: No role for increased rectal compliance in pediatric functional constipation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased rectal compliance has been proposed to contribute to pediatric functional constipation (FC). We evaluated the clinical relevance of increased rectal compliance and assessed whether regular use of enemas improves rectal compliance in children with FC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on children (8-18 years old) with FC. Pressure-controlled rectal distensions were performed at baseline and at 1 year. Rectal compliance was categorized into 3 groups: normal, moderately increased, or severely increased. Patients were randomly assigned to groups given conventional therapy or rectal enemas and conventional therapy. Clinical success was defined as >or=3 spontaneous defecations per week and fecal incontinence <1 per week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline measurements were performed in 101 children (11.0 +/- 2.1 years); rectal compliance was normal in 36%, moderately increased in 40%, and severely increased in 24%. Patients with severely increased rectal compliance had lower defecation frequency (P = .03), more fecal incontinence (P = .04), and more rectal fecal impaction (P < .001). After 1 year, success values were similar between groups: 42% normal, 41% moderately increased, and 40% with severely increased compliance. Barostat studies performed after 1 year in 80 children (37 conventional therapy and 43 rectal enemas in addition to conventional therapy) revealed that rectal compliance had not changed in either group and had not improved in successfully treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Constipated children with severely increased rectal compliance have severe symptoms. However, increased rectal compliance is not related to treatment failure. Regular use of enemas to avoid rectal fecal impaction does not improve rectal compliance in pediatric FC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. maartjemvdberg@gmail.com
authors.forename: Maartje M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Marloes E J
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bongers
authors.forename: Wieger P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Voskuijl
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Benninga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003187:Compliance; D003248:Constipation / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003672:Defecation; D004733:Enema; D005244:Fecal Impaction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054368:Laxatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012007:Rectum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012677:Sensation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D054368:Laxatives