title: The carina angle-new geometrical parameter associated with periprocedural side branch compromise and the long-term results in coronary bifurcation lesions with main vessel stenting only.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The two main problems unresolved in coronary bifurcation stenting are periprocedural side branch compromise and higher restenosis at long term. The purpose of this study is to reveal the link between periprocedural side branch compromise and long-term results after main vessel stenting only in coronary bifurcations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four patients formed the study population. The inclusion criteria were good-quality angiograms, with maximal between-branch angle opening, no overlap, permitting accurate angiographic analysis. Carina angle (alpha)-the distal angle between main vessel (MV) before bifurcation and side branch (SB)-was measured pre- and poststenting. Clinical follow-up 9-12 months was obtained with coronary angiography if needed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient population was high-risk with 33% diabetics and 84% two- and three-vessel disease. Ninety-five stents were implanted in 92 lesions, with three T-stenting cases. Drug-eluting stents were implanted in 54%. Kissing-balloon (KBI) or sequential inflation was performed in 35%. SB functional closure occurred in 17.4%, with independent predictors alpha < 40 degrees and diameter ratio MB/SB >1.22. After 12+/-4 months there were five myocardial infarctions (6%) and 13 (15%) target lesion revascularization procedures. Independent predictors of major cardiovascular events were carina angle <40 degrees , MB lesion length >8 mm, negative change of between-branch angle, DES usage, and KBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smaller carina angle with straightening of MV-main branch from stent implantation in coronary bifurcations predicted higher SB compromise, restenosis, and MACE rates during follow-up of 1 year.
authors.affiliation: Interventional Cardiology Clinic, Central Hospital of the Internal Affairs and Administration Ministry, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Dobrin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vassilev
authors.forename: Radoslaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Formuszewicz
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rusicka-Piekarz
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doganov
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D000068338:Everolimus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011044:Poland; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000068338:Everolimus; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D017239:Paclitaxel; D020123:Sirolimus