title: The psychological interdependence of family, school, and bureaucracy in Japan.
abstract: The Japanese "examination hell" phenomenon is viewed as a series of crisis rites through which the child passes from family-centered to peer group - centered values in a "particularistic" society. It is held that this model has greater explanatory power than the "minimization of competition" model proposed by others and that it also helps to explain the phenomenon of student radicalism and centrifugal relationships in middle-class communities.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kiefer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004493:Education / Q000941:ethics / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends*; D005190:Family / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D010379:Peer Group; D012945:Social Values / Q000208:ethnology