title: HIV-1 vaccine design:   harnessing diverse lymphocytes to conquer a diverse pathogen.
abstract: In the fall of 2007, the HIV-1 research field received news that their front-runner vaccine was not protective. In response to this disappointment, scientists are now reviewing the intricacies of the immune response toward HIV-1 to develop new and better strategies for vaccine development. Decades ago, researchers recognized the impressive amino acid and carbohydrate diversity of HIV-1, and the associated obstacles to vaccine development. At first glance, the diversity and other unique features of HIV-1 may seem insurmountable, but attention to vaccine successes in other fields serves to renew optimism. The newly-licensed rotavirus and papillomavirus cocktail vaccines remind scientists that diverse pathogens can be conquered and that the chronic nature of a virus infection need not thwart successful vaccine design. Here we describe current efforts to gain insights from other vaccine fields and to adopt a cocktail vaccine approach for the prevention of HIV-1 infections in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
authors.forename: Sherri L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Surman
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sealy
authors.forename: Bart G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Julia L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines
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