title: Assessment of patient-reported outcomes of insulin pen devices versus conventional vial and syringe.
abstract: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) associated with insulin therapy are potentially important determinants of adherence to diabetes management programs. This article reviews published evidence of PROs over the past 3 decades in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) who used vial and syringe for insulin delivery compared to those who used insulin pens. Based on predetermined selection criteria, articles were identified through a search of primary sources published from January 1980 to February 2008. Two independent reviewers determined study eligibility and performed a detailed evaluation of the articles that met the selection criteria. Of the 124 articles screened, 41 met selection criteria. Approximately 75% of the selected articles were published between 1990 and 2008, and a majority (78%) of the research studies was conducted outside the United States. Most (>75%) of the studies evaluated male and female patients with T1D and/or T2D and mean ages around 45 years. Studies used varied comparative study designs with follow-up periods ranging from 2 weeks to 5 years. The PROs assessed in these articles included preference, acceptability, treatment satisfaction, ease of use, convenience, injection pain, handling, and dosing. Most articles (n = 36) showed more favorable PROs for insulin pen users compared to vial and syringe users. These findings have potential clinical and policy implications for patients, diabetes care providers, and/or payers to make evidence-based decisions regarding ways to facilitate initiation and management of insulin therapy.
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. molife_cliff@lilly.com
authors.forename: Cliff
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Molife
authors.forename: Lauren J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lizheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawhney
authors.forename: Sheila M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lenox
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D013594:Syringes; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin