title: Enhanced humoral and Type 1 cellular immune responses with Fluzone adjuvanted with a synthetic TLR4 agonist formulated in an emulsion.
abstract: Impairments in anti-influenza T helper 1 (Th1) responses are associated with greater risk of influenza-related mortality in the elderly. Addition of adjuvants to existing influenza vaccines could improve immune responses in the elderly. In this study, the activity of three adjuvants, an oil-in-water emulsion and a synthetic lipid A adjuvant formulated with or without the emulsion, is compared. Our results show that Fluzone combined with lipid A plus an emulsion effectively leads to greater vaccine-specific IgG2a and IgG titers, enhances hemagglutination-inhibition titers and induces Type 1 cytokine responses (IFN-gamma and IL-2) to each of the Fluzone components.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1124 Columbia Street, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98104, United States. sbaldwin@idri.org
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: Narek
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shaverdian
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Malcolm S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Duthie
authors.forename: Vanitha S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mompoint
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Vedvick
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertholet
authors.forename: Rhea N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Coler
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002460:Cell Line; D004655:Emulsions / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D008050:Lipid A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000819:agonists*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004655:Emulsions; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008050:Lipid A; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D007371:Interferon-gamma