title: Modelling historical budget of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane in Taihu Lake, China.
abstract: Historical alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) budget in Taihu Lake (TL), China has been simulated by a Gridded Basin-based Pesticide Mass Balance Model (GB-PMBM). Using annual usage of alpha-HCH from 1952 to 1984 as input, the model outputs included annual concentrations in air, water and sediment in TL, and annual cumulative burden of alpha-HCH in the lake water and sediment from 1952 to 2008. Model results showed that the modeled alpha-HCH in the air, water and sediment matched their corresponding measured data well, and the current levels of alpha-HCH in the air, water and sediment in TL in 2008 are 11.7 (3.4-22.7) pgm(-3), 0.8 (0.3-1.5) ng L(-1) and 0.18 (0.04-0.46) ng g(-1)dw (dry weight), respectively. The alpha-HCH burden in TL water started to accumulate after 1952, reached the highest value of 11,000kg in 1972, decreased very quickly since the beginning of 1980s, reduced to 200 kg in 1984 and 3 kg in 2008. It was found that TL water played a role of "distributor" in process of transport of alpha-HCH. Before 1980, TL water took a large amount of alpha-HCH from atmosphere through a huge air-water interface and carried a major portion of it out of the lake through water current. After 1980, TL water took alpha-HCH from lake sediments and river water entering the lake, and released almost all of it to air. The lake water itself cannot hold a large portion of the chemical due to its shallow depth and short residence time.
authors.affiliation: International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
authors.forename: Chongguo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yi-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000266:history / Q000378:metabolism*; D002681:China; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000266:history / Q000378:metabolism*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000266:history / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000266:history / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000266:history / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D010575:Pesticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C040534:alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane