title: Computerized order entry with limited decision support to prevent prescription errors in a PICU.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The value of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) and clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) in preventing prescription errors in pediatrics is unclear. We investigated the change in prescription error rates with the introduction of CPOE with and without a CDSS limited to weight-based dosing in a PICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a PICU of a major tertiary-care pediatric medical center, 5000 orders were reviewed, that is, 1250 orders from each of 4 periods: period 1, before CPOE implementation; period 2, 1 year after CPOE implementation; period 3, after CDSS implementation; and period 4, after a change in prescription authorization. Prescription errors were identified and classified into: potential adverse drug events (ADEs), medication prescription errors (MPEs), and rule violations (RVs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 273 errors (5.5%). The rate of potential ADEs decreased slightly between periods 1 and 2 (from 2.5% to 2.4%) and significantly in periods 3 and 4 (to 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively; P < .005). The rate of MPEs decreased slightly between periods 1 and 2 (from 5.5% to 5.3%), but new types of MPEs appeared. There was a significant decrease in period 3 (to 3.8%; P < .05) and a dramatically significant decrease in period 4 (to 0.7%; P < .0005). Only 3 RVs were found. Interrater agreement (kappa statistic) was 0.788 between evaluators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPOE implementation decreased prescription errors only to a small extent. However, the addition of a CDSS that limits doses by weight significantly reduced prescription error rates and, most importantly, potential ADEs. This finding emphasizes the major impact of weight-based calculation errors in pediatrics.
authors.affiliation: Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Petach Tikva, Israel. gilik@clalit.org.il
authors.forename: Gili
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kadmon
authors.forename: Efrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bron-Harlev
authors.forename: Elhanan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nahum
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: Gali
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haski
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shonfeld
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies