title: Treatment of oilfield produced water by waste stabilization ponds: biodegradation of petroleum-derived materials.
abstract: This study evaluated the biological treatability of produced water (PW), the water separated from oil at the wellhead which contains both dispersed oil and low levels of heavy metals, using waste stabilisation ponds (WSPs). We examined both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and oil and grease (O&G) removal using different process configurations (hydraulic retention time (HRT), aerobic and anaerobic conditions, oil skimming, effluent recycle) in a small (10 L) reactor being fed a synthetic PW (COD=1050-1350 mg L(-1), O&G=400-500 microL L(-1), 6 g NaCl/L). The reactor was operated for 6 months, and at a HRT of 6 days (8 with evaporation) COD removals were greater than 85%, and improved over time to >90%, while O&G removals (measured with a newly developed method) were greater than 82% and also improved with time. Operating with an anaerobic section, oil skimming and 300% recycling were all found to enhance COD removal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shpiner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Stuckey
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010578:Petroleum / Q000378:metabolism*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents; D013997:Time Factors; D014835:Volatilization; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D010578:Petroleum; D012997:Solvents; D002734:Chlorophyll; D010100:Oxygen; D000077194:Chlorophyll A