Dating the origins of the maize-adapted strain of maize streak virus, MSV-A.
Maize streak virus (MSV), which causes maize streak disease (MSD), is one of the most serious biotic threats to African food security. Here, we use whole MSV genomes sampled over 30 years to estimate the dates of key evolutionary events in the 500 year association of MSV and maize. The substitution rates implied by our analyses agree closely with those estimated previously in controlled MSV evolution experiments, and we use them to infer the date when the maize-adapted strain, MSV-A, was generated by recombination between two grass-adapted MSV strains. Our results indicate that this recombination event occurred in the mid-1800 s, approximately 20 years before the first credible reports of MSD in South Africa and centuries after the introduction of maize to the continent in the early 1500 s. This suggests a causal link between MSV recombination and the emergence of MSV-A as a serious pathogen of maize.
Harkins
Gordon W
GW
South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
Martin
Darren P
DP
Centre for High-Performance Computing, Rosebank, Cape Town, South Africa.|Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
Duffy
Siobain
S
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
Monjane
Aderito L
AL
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
Shepherd
Dionne N
DN
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
Windram
Oliver P
OP
Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, UK.
Owor
Betty E
BE
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
Donaldson
Lara
L
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
van Antwerpen
Tania
T
South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
Sayed
Rizwan A
RA
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
Flett
Bradley
B
Crop Protection, ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
Ramusi
Moses
M
Crop Protection, ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
Rybicki
Edward P
EP
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.|Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
Peterschmitt
Michel
M
CIRAD, UMR BGPI, TA A54/K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Varsani
Arvind
A
School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.|Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
D001499:Bayes Theorem; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016679:Genome, Viral; D026762:Maize streak virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000821:virology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014774:Virulence; D003313:Zea mays / Q000821:virology*
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