title: Anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract from Geranium sibiricum Linne.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Geranium sibiricum (Geraniaceae) Linne (GSL) is used to heal various disorders of the diarrhea and the intestinal inflammation as an herbal agent in East Asia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study is to determine whether the ethanol (EtOH) extract of GSL regulates the inflammatory reaction stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI) in human mast cells (HMC-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Western blot was used for activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), transcription factors, induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 proteins. EMSA was for DNA binding activity. RT-PCR was used for gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EtOH extract of GSL (EGS) inhibits the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), one of a MAPK, nuclear transcription factors involving nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and Activator protein (AP)-1, COX-2 and iNOS. The results indicated that EGS decreased gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta and COX-2 in PMACI stimulated HMC-1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hence, we speculate that EGS can use as a potent anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory allergic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute & Center for the Control of Animal Hazards Using Biotechnology (BK21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju City, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Uoong
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Phil-Sun
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Kye-Taek
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D000431:Ethanol; D031315:Geranium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000001:Calcimycin; D000431:Ethanol; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate