title: A case of obstructive sleep apnoea with anterior cervical osteophytes.
abstract: Osteophytes of the cervical spine are usually seen in elderly adults. When prominent, they have been blamed for dysphagia, cough, dysphonia and dyspnoea. This paper reports on an obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patient with cervical spinal osteophytes, one cause of airway obstruction. A 75-year-old male complained of pronounced snoring. The diagnosis was mild OSA, apnoea hypopnoea index was 9.4. Patient reported no restrictions in neck movements, experiences of neck pain or neck trauma. Previously, patient underwent a tonsillectomy due to discomfort in the pharyngeal region. A lateral cephalometric image was taken to observe airway before oral appliance therapy. The image revealed the presence of large osteophytes or sclerotic enthesopathy, lying on anterior surfaces from the fourth to seventh cervical vertebrae. A computed tomography (CT) image revealed the relationship of airway position to the spine. In the reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) image, the airway appeared displaced to the right of the craniomandiblar bone, with the hyoid bone similarly displaced in a manner to that of the airway. The spine also appeared displaced to the left side ofcraniomandiblar bone. Additionally, the 3D image revealed calcification of the stylohyoideum ligament and ligamentum nuchae. This present case highlights the necessity of CT examination for OSA patients. There were several ligament calcifications in the head and neck region. Cervical spine osteophytes, as a component of Forestier's or cervical spine disease, have been associated with dysphagia and dysphonia. It was reported that bilateral vocal cord paralysis was caused by osteophytes compressing the post-cricoid area of larynx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontic Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shigeta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikawa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nejima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D012913:Snoring / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D013128:Spinal Osteophytosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed