Nucleic acid aptamers for targeting of shRNA-based cancer therapeutics.
Aptamers are nucleic acid ligands which have been validated to bind to epitopes with a specificity similar to that of monoclonal antibodies. Aptamers have been primarily investigated for their direct function in terms of inhibition of protein targets; however, recent evidence gives reason to actively explore aptamers as targeting moieties for delivery of anticancer therapeutics. Many aptamers have been developed to bind to extracellular membrane domains of proteins overexpressed on cancer cells and have the potential to be modified for use in targeting cancer therapeutics. The use of DNA vector-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for RNA interference (RNAi) is a precise means for the disruption of target gene expression but its clinical usage in cancer is limited by obstacles related to delivery into cancer cells. Nucleic acid aptamers are attractive candidates for targeting of shRNA therapies. Their small size, ease of production and modification, and high specificity are valued attributes in comparison to other targeting moieties currently being tested. Here we review the development of aptamers directed to PSMA, Nucleolin, HER-3, RET, TN-C, and MUC1 and focus on their potential for use in targeting of shRNA-based cancer therapeutics.
Vorhies
John S
JS
Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers, Dallas, TX, USA.
Nemunaitis
John J
JJ
Anticancer Res. 1987 Sep-Oct;7(5B):927-35
2449118
Cancer Res. 1989 Sep 15;49(18):4968-71
2569928
Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10(24):3033-44
15379666
J Biol Chem. 1997 Dec 26;272(52):33327-37
9407125
Cell. 1990 Nov 2;63(3):601-8
2225067
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Jun;36(6):986-90
15094113
Clin Cancer Res. 1998 Feb;4(2):295-302
9516914
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Oct 8;1455(2-3):301-13
10571020
Oncogene. 1988 Mar;2(3):283-7
3281095
J Cell Biochem. 2004 Feb 15;91(3):528-39
14755683
Eur J Biochem. 2004 Jan;271(2):303-17
14717698
Micron. 2000 Apr;31(2):117-20
10588056
Dis Colon Rectum. 1998 Oct;41(10):1262-72
9788390
Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Jun 01;34(10):e73
16740739
J Biol Chem. 1999 Sep 10;274(37):26369-77
10473594
Oligonucleotides. 2005 Fall;15(3):183-95
16201906
J Cell Biochem. 1993 Sep;53(1):61-73
7901229
J Biol Chem. 2001 Dec 28;276(52):48644-54
11590140
Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf). 2005;(49):351-2
17150778
Int J Biol Markers. 2000 Oct-Dec;15(4):343-56
11192832
Pathol Int. 1997 Jul;47(7):454-60
9234384
Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 May 24;33(9):2942-51
15914669
Int J Cancer. 1997 Jul 3;72(1):87-94
9212228
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 18;103(16):6315-20
16606824
Cancer. 1998 Dec 1;83(11):2259-69
9840525
Chem Biol. 2005 Jan;12(1):25-33
15664512
J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 4;277(40):37492-502
12147681
Pharm Res. 2006 Feb;23(2):303-11
16411148
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2005 Jan;2(1):145-57
16296741
Nucl Med Biol. 2000 Apr;27(3):289-97
10832086
Cancer Res. 2001 Apr 1;61(7):2929-34
11306470
Q J Nucl Med. 2002 Jun;46(2):131-7
12114876
Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Nov 1;31(21):e130
14576330
Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Sep 11;19(17):4695-700
1891360
Biochemistry. 1995 Sep 12;34(36):11363-72
7547864
Cancer Res. 2001 Sep 15;61(18):6846-50
11559560
Oncogene. 1999 Apr 1;18(13):2241-51
10327070
Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Oct 15;30(20):e108
12384610
J Med Genet. 2000 Nov;37(11):817-27
11073534
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 May;37(5):1066-83
15743679
Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):505-10
2200121
Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):707-12
2470152
Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 Jan;4(1):45-60
14681689
J Nucl Med. 2006 Apr;47(4):668-78
16595502
Ophthalmology. 2007 Sep;114(9):1702-12
17509689
J Virol. 1991 Dec;65(12):6811-6
1942253
Cancer Res. 1995 Feb 15;55(4):907-14
7531617
J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jul 20;23(21):4591-601
15837970
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007 Jan;387(1):171-82
17072603
Cancer Res. 1994 Apr 1;54(7):1807-11
7511053
J Biotechnol. 2000 Aug 25;81(2-3):167-78
10989176
Cancer Res. 2003 Aug 15;63(16):5011-20
12941828
Hum Pathol. 1991 Jul;22(7):636-43
1712747
Cancer Res. 1990 Jul 1;50(13):4087-91
1972347
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(6):1472-6
3470736
Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Dec;5(12):2957-62
17172400
Cancer Res. 1995 Apr 1;55(7):1441-3
7882349
Am J Pathol. 2002 Oct;161(4):1223-33
12368196
Gene Ther. 2006 May;13(9):761-72
16453011
Cancer Res. 2000 Nov 15;60(22):6281-7
11103784
Nature. 1990 Aug 30;346(6287):818-22
1697402
Biochimie. 2006 Jul;88(7):897-904
16540230
Indian J Cancer. 2007 Jan-Mar;44(1):1-5
17401217
Subcell Biochem. 2007;41:125-44
17484127
Nat Biotechnol. 2004 Nov;22(11):1423-8
15502817
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 6;104(10):3742-6
17360423
J Biol Chem. 1995 Oct 27;270(43):25702-8
7592749
Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007 Dec;51(4):292-6
17464274
Int J Cancer. 1992 Nov 11;52(5):688-92
1385335
Annu Rev Biochem. 1995;64:763-97
7574500
Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf). 2004;(48):195-6
17150545
Front Biosci. 2006 Jan 01;11:89-112
16146716
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2006 Aug;4(8):588-96
16845429
Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Apr 15;31(8):2097-107
12682360
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Feb;5(2):123-32
16518379
Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10(19):2311-34
15279611
Pharm Res. 2000 Dec;17(12):1503-10
11303960
Blood. 1993 Jun 15;81(12):3271-6
8507864
Exp Cell Res. 2000 Dec 15;261(2):312-28
11112338
Biomaterials. 2007 Feb;28(5):869-76
17055572
J Cell Biol. 1988 Dec;107(6 Pt 2):2757-67
2462568
Cancer. 1998 Jun 1;82(11):2256-61
9610707
Biochimie. 2005 Sep-Oct;87(9-10):921-30
15963620
J Cell Biol. 2003 Nov 24;163(4):871-8
14638862
Biochemistry. 2001 Feb 27;40(8):2433-8
11327864
Nature. 2002 Sep 5;419(6902):90-4
12214238
Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1989;5:71-92
2480799
Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Aug;24(8):1005-15
16823371
Lab Invest. 1995 Oct;73(4):497-502
7474921
Biochemistry. 2002 Mar 19;41(11):3676-85
11888284
Cancer Res. 2002 Jul 15;62(14):4029-33
12124337
J Clin Invest. 2000 Oct;106(8):929-34
11032851
J Cell Sci. 1999 Mar;112 ( Pt 6):761-72
10036227
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2002 Sep 13;54(5):675-93
12204598
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9226-31
12874383
FASEB J. 1999 Nov;13(14):1911-22
10544174
Bioconjug Chem. 1998 Sep-Oct;9(5):573-82
9736491
Cancer Res. 2004 Nov 1;64(21):7668-72
15520166
Glycobiology. 2005 Jan;15(1):1-9
15329357
Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Oct 27;32(19):5757-65
15509871
Oncogene. 1999 Jul 1;18(26):3919-22
10445857
PLoS Biol. 2005 Apr;3(4):e123
15769183
Tumour Biol. 2006;27(6):289-301
17033199
Cancer Lett. 2006 Dec 8;244(2):143-63
16632194