Vitamin D and the occurrence of depression: causal association or circumstantial evidence?
While recent laboratory-based studies have substantially advanced our understanding of the action of vitamin D in the brain, much is still unknown concerning how vitamin D relates to mood. The few epidemiological studies of vitamin D and depression have produced inconsistent results and generally have had substantial methodological limitations. Recent findings from a randomized trial suggest that high doses of supplemental vitamin D may improve mild depressive symptoms, but important questions persist concerning how vitamin D may affect monoamine function and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress, whether vitamin D supplementation can improve mood in individuals with moderate-to-severe depression, and whether vitamin D sufficiency is protective against incident depression and recurrence. At this time, it is premature to conclude that vitamin D status is related to the occurrence of depression. Additional prospective studies of this relationship are essential.
Bertone-Johnson
Elizabeth R
ER
Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. ebertone@schoolph.umass.edu
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000502:physiology; D016574:Seasonal Affective Disorder; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications
D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014807:Vitamin D
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