title: Escalated regeneration in sciatic nerve crush injury by the combined therapy of human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells and fermented soybean extracts, Natto.
abstract: Attenuation of inflammatory cell deposits and associated cytokines prevented the apoptosis of transplanted stem cells in a sciatic nerve crush injury model. Suppression of inflammatory cytokines by fermented soybean extracts (Natto) was also beneficial to nerve regeneration. In this study, the effect of Natto on transplanted human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AFS) was evaluated. Peripheral nerve injury was induced in SD rats by crushing a sciatic nerve using a vessel clamp. Animals were categorized into four groups: Group I: no treatment; Group II: fed with Natto (16 mg/day for 7 consecutive days); Group III: AFS embedded in fibrin glue; Group IV: Combination of group II and III therapy. Transplanted AFS and Schwann cell apoptosis, inflammatory cell deposits and associated cytokines, motor function, and nerve regeneration were evaluated 7 or 28 days after injury. The deterioration of neurological function was attenuated by AFS, Natto, or the combined therapy. The combined therapy caused the most significantly beneficial effects. Administration of Natto suppressed the inflammatory responses and correlated with decreased AFS and Schwann cell apoptosis. The decreased AFS apoptosis was in line with neurological improvement such as expression of early regeneration marker of neurofilament and late markers of S-100 and decreased vacuole formation. Administration of either AFS, or Natto, or combined therapy augmented the nerve regeneration. In conclusion, administration of Natto may rescue the AFS and Schwann cells from apoptosis by suppressing the macrophage deposits, associated inflammatory cytokines, and fibrin deposits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China. Hcpan2003@yahoo.com.tw
authors.forename: Hung-Chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Dar-Yu
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shu-Peng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Meei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Chung-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shiaw-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ming-Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Fu-Chou
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D005337:Fibrin / Q000032:analysis; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000633:toxicity; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D009409:Nerve Crush / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D045730:Soy Foods
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005337:Fibrin
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