title: Antioxidant activity in essential oils of Cnidium officinale makino and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort and their inhibitory effects on DNA damage and apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B in mammalian cell.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Owing to their high volatile aroma, the dried rhizomes of Cnidium officinale (C. officinale) and Ligusticum chuanxiong (L. chuanxiong) are used as herbal drugs to treat blood pressure depressant, a deficiency disease of antivitamin, inhibition of small intestine sympathetic nerve and as cosmetics for skin care. However, little has been known about the protective effect of their essential oils against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced DNA damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we report antioxidant activity of their essential oils using DPPH and ABTS scavenging assay. In addition, the composition of essential oils was measured by GC/MS. We also investigated whether these essential oils could inhibit UVB-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in the mammalian cell using intracellular DNA migration and expression level of phospho-H2A.X.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty constituents in the essential oil were identified and they showed good antioxidant properties, in that IC(50) value in DPPH and ABTS showed 6.79 and 7.33microg/ml and 1.58 and 1.58microg/ml in C. officinale and L. chuanxiong. Their treatment inhibited the migration of damaged DNA induced by UV-B; furthermore, they decreased p21 expression and increased cyclin D1 expression as apoptosis-regulatory genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that essential oils in C. officinale and L. chuanxiong may exert inhibitory effects on DNA damage and apoptosis induced by UVB through their high free radical scavenging ability.
authors.affiliation: Major of Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Natural Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Boo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: So Yeong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jeong Rak
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyeong Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Soon Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jae-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Gyu Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hyung Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D031048:Cnidium; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D030004:Ligusticum; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010851:Picrates; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010851:Picrates; D010938:Plant Oils; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D019938:Cyclin D1; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D004247:DNA; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C101574:chuangxiong extract