title: Changes in portal systemic pressure gradient after balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices and aggravation of esophageal varices.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate change in the portal systemic pressure gradient (PSPG) following balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) and the aggravation of esophageal varices. The PSPG was monitored before and after BRTO in 19 patients. PSPG changes were obtained by subtracting the PSPG before BRTO from that after BRTO. The development of outflow vessels (e.g., left inferior phrenic vein) was classified into two grades: Grade 1, BRTO alone; and Grade 2, coil embolization plus BRTO. After confirming demonstration of the whole gastric varices on angiography and computed tomography, BRTO was conducted using a 5% ethanolamine-iopamidol mixture. Endoscopy was performed to evaluate gastric and esophageal varices before, within 1 month, and 3-6 months after BRTO. Eradication of gastric varices was obtained in all patients and aggravation of esophageal varices was seen in 11 patients. The PSPG was significantly elevated by BRTO (p=0.0362). The PSPG was significantly elevated in patients with Grade 2 compared with those with Grade 1 (7.7+/-3.7 vs. 3.3+/-4.3 mmHg, respectively; p=0.0314) and in those with esophageal varices before treatment compared with those without (7.4+/-4.0 vs. 3.2+/-3.9 mmHg, respectively; p=0.0482). The cumulative aggravation rate of esophageal varices was significantly higher in 11 patients with a PSPG elevation>5 mmHg than in 8 patients with one of <or=5 mmHg (p=0.0105). In conclusion, BRTO induced a significant elevation in PSPG, with the degree of elevation influencing the aggravation of esophageal varices following BRTO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayamashi, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanihata
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minamiguchi
authors.forename: Morio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sonomura
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takasaka
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahara
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000209:etiology*; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D007479:Iopamidol