title: [Out of hours service in the Icelandic primary health care sector: an observational study.].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decisive changes have occurred in out of hours service in recent years, prompted by technological and methodological progress, improved communications and public demand. Concurrently, physicians' leisure time has come under increasing pressure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the workload, duties and com notmitments of primary care physicians (GPs) resulting from out of hours service. Further, to assess the organisation and quality of out of hours service and possible differences between urban and rural areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A postal survey containing 58 questions was sent to all primary health care physicians holding posts for at least six months on March 1st 1996. Of a total of 143 GPs, answers were returned from 100 (70%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All GPs on call (100%) were equipped with radios, mobile phones or pagers. They estimated that in 95% of the cases they could be contacted within five minutes jn an emergency. In an emergency and bad weather conditions 82% of doctors in urban areas could attend their patients within 30 minutes, and 100% within 60 minutes. Similar figures for rural areas were 10% within 30 minutes and 18% within 60 minutes. In the least populated districts 84% of the practitioners had to be on call 14 days or more per month. Serious emergencies (involving special training such as cardiac resuscitation or tracheal intubation) were relatively rare, and GPs expressed the necessity for regular refreshing courses in such fields.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Access to doctors is good in this country. Workload and on-call duties are significantly heavier here than abroad, to some extent owing to outdated organisation. Various possibilities exist for improvement in the quality and reliability of out of hours service, but to be effective they must be supplemented by professional counselling and support, and facilities for further training in these fields.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olafsson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson