title: Effects of age, dietary, and behavioral enrichment on brain mitochondria in a canine model of human aging.
abstract: Dogs develop cognitive decline and a progressive accumulation of oxidative damage. In a previous longitudinal study, we demonstrated that aged dogs treated with either an antioxidant diet or with behavioral enrichment show cognitive improvement. The antioxidant diet included cellular antioxidants (vitamins E and C, fruits and vegetables) and mitochondrial cofactors (lipoic acid and carnitine). Behavioral enrichment consisted of physical exercise, social enrichment, and cognitive training. We hypothesized that the antioxidant treatment improved neuronal function through increased mitochondrial function. Thus, we measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and bioenergetics in mitochondria isolated from young, aged, and treated aged animals. Aged canine brain mitochondria show significant increases in ROS production and a reduction in NADH-linked respiration. Mitochondrial function (ROS and NADH-linked respiration) was improved selectively in aged dogs treated with an antioxidant diet. In contrast, behavioral enrichment had no effect on any mitochondrial parameters. These results suggest that an antioxidant diet improves cognition by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, which may be an independent molecular pathway not engaged by behavioral enrichment.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Brain Aging & Dementia, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. Elizabeth.head@uky.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Head
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Nukala
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fenoglio
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Muggenburg
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cotman
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003067:Coenzymes
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