title: Detection of serotype k Streptococcus mutans in Thai subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Streptococcus mutans, known to be a pathogen of dental caries as well as bacteremia and infective endocarditis, is classified into four serotypes, c, e, f and k, based on the structures of serotype-specific polysaccharides. Serotype k was recently designated using blood isolates from Japanese subjects and such strains are considered to be virulent in the bloodstream. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the serotype distribution of strains isolated from Thai subjects and determine whether serotype k strains were present.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 250 S. mutans strains were isolated from 50 Thai subjects, and serotypes of all strains were determined. Then, molecular and biological analyses were carried out for serotype k strains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunodiffusion and polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that serotype c was the most prevalent (70%), followed by serotypes e (22.8%), f (4.4%) and k (2.8%), which indicated that serotype k S. mutans strains occurred in Thai individuals at a similar rate to that previously reported for Japanese and Finnish populations. Molecular analyses of the seven serotype k strains showed extremely low expression of rgpE, which is related to glucose side-chain formation in serotype-specific rhamnose-glucose polymers, similar to previous reports for those other populations. In addition, analysis of the biological properties of the seven serotype k strains demonstrated low levels of sucrose-dependent adhesion, cellular hydrophobicity, dextran-binding activity and phagocytosis susceptibility by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which are characteristics similar to those of serotype k strains previously isolated in Japan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate the possibility of a worldwide prevalence of serotype k strains with properties in common with those of previously reported strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lapirattanakul
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Senawongse
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srisatjaluk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ooshima
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D003911:Dextrans / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D012703:Serotyping; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000145:classification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D013785:Thailand; D014774:Virulence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003911:Dextrans; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D013395:Sucrose; D005964:Glucosyltransferases