Targeted therapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the role of bevacizumab.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The majority of patients present with advanced stage disease, and treatment with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy agents have been shown to provide a modest improvement in survival, reduce disease-related symptoms, and improve quality of life. However, with standard chemotherapy treatments the prognosis is poor with the majority of patients dying in less than a year from diagnosis. Treatment with standard chemotherapy agents has reached a therapeutic plateau, and recent investigations have focused on therapies that target a specific pathway within the malignant cell or related to angiogenesis. The most promising of the targeted therapies are agents that target the process of angiogenesis. Bevacizuamab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and prevents binding of VEGF to vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, thus inhibiting activation of the VEGF pathway and angiogenesis. A recent phase III trial of first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer revealed a statistically significant improvement in response, progression-free survival, and overall survival with the combination of bevacizumab and standard chemotherapy in comparison to standard chemotherapy alone. Bevacizumab is the only targeted therapy that has been shown to improve survival when combined with standard chemotherapy in the first-line setting.
Stinchcombe
Thomas E
TE
Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, NC, USA.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1997 Oct;12(4):535-41
9370395
Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Apr 1;13(7):1961-70
17404076
Oncogene. 1990 Apr;5(4):519-24
2158038
J Clin Oncol. 2005 Sep 1;23(25):5892-9
16043829
J Clin Oncol. 2000 Jun;18(12):2354-62
10856094
Nat Med. 2003 Jun;9(6):669-76
12778165
Oncologist. 2005 May;10(5):345-56
15851793
J Clin Oncol. 2004 May 1;22(9):1589-97
15117980
N Engl J Med. 2005 Jun 23;352(25):2589-97
15972865
N Engl J Med. 2005 Jul 14;353(2):123-32
16014882
Br J Cancer. 2003 Jun 16;88(12):1979-86
12799646
J Clin Oncol. 2001 Mar 1;19(5):1336-43
11230476
JAMA. 2003 Oct 22;290(16):2149-58
14570950
N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 14;355(24):2542-50
17167137
Cancer Res. 1993 Oct 1;53(19):4727-35
8402650
N Engl J Med. 2004 Jun 3;350(23):2335-42
15175435
Blood. 2001 Sep 15;98(6):1904-13
11535528
Lung Cancer. 2005 Feb;47(2):253-9
15639724
J Clin Oncol. 2001 May 15;19(10):2626-37
11352954
Eur J Cancer. 1996 Dec;32A(14):2451-60
9059333
J Clin Oncol. 2007 Apr 20;25(12):1545-52
17442998
J Clin Oncol. 2005 May 10;23(14):3270-8
15886314
Nat Med. 2001 Sep;7(9):987-9
11533692
N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 10;346(2):92-8
11784875
JAMA. 2004 Jul 28;292(4):470-84
15280345
Ann Oncol. 2010 Mar;21(3):540-547
19833819
J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jun 15;21(12):2237-46
12748244
J Physiol. 2001 May 15;533(Pt 1):263-72
11351033
J Pathol. 1995 Sep;177(1):57-63
7472781
J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jun 1;22(11):2184-91
15169807
Eur J Cancer. 2000 Mar;36(5):601-9
10738124
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Sep 7;101(36):13306-11
15329413
Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):983-5
6823562
J Clin Oncol. 2001 Feb 1;19(3):843-50
11157038
J Clin Oncol. 2005 Apr 10;23(11):2544-55
15753462
J Neurooncol. 1999;44(3):275-81
10720207
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 Apr 6;97(7):499-506
15812075
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1990 Nov;9(3):171-4
1705485
Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 15;10(12 Pt 2):4258s-4262s
15217970
J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 10;24(2):217-27
16365183
J Clin Oncol. 2004 Mar 1;22(5):785-94
14990633
Cancer Res. 2005 Feb 1;65(3):671-80
15705858
J Clin Oncol. 2000 May;18(10):2095-103
10811675
Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1171-5
16728631
J Clin Oncol. 2006 Oct 1;24(28):4539-44
17008692
Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1497-500
15118125
Cancer. 2006 May 15;106(10):2208-17
16604529
Cancer. 1992 Sep 1;70(5):1102-10
1515985
Clin Lung Cancer. 2006 Jul;8(1):18-21
16870041
Semin Cancer Biol. 1992 Apr;3(2):65-71
1378311
J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 1;20(5):1335-43
11870177
N Engl J Med. 2004 Jan 22;350(4):351-60
14736927
Lung Cancer. 2001 Nov;34(2):233-41
11679182
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1999 Oct;48(7):396-400
10501853
J Clin Oncol. 2004 Mar 1;22(5):777-84
14990632
N Engl J Med. 2004 May 20;350(21):2129-39
15118073
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Sep 30;187(3):1579-86
1417831
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999 Apr;117(4):736-43
10096969
Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Jun;3(6):401-10
12778130
J Clin Oncol. 2001 Feb 1;19(3):851-6
11157039
Am J Pathol. 1995 May;146(5):1029-39
7538264
J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jan 15;22(2):330-53
14691125
J Clin Oncol. 1989 Nov;7(11):1748-56
2681557
J Clin Oncol. 2005 Feb 1;23(4):842-9
15681529
CA Cancer J Clin. 2007 Jan-Feb;57(1):43-66
17237035
J Clin Oncol. 2005 May 10;23(14):3243-56
15886312