title: Cross-sectional survey of patients presenting to a South African urban emergency centre.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the demographics, referral mechanism and outcome of the emergency consultation in patients presenting to a secondary hospital emergency centre (EC).
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study of patients presenting to an EC in a 1-month period from 19 November to 20 December 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  New Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients presenting alive to the EC during the study period who were seen by an EC doctor.
  
  
  METHODS
  A data collection form was completed by EC doctors at the time of the initial EC consultation documenting patient demographics, time and delay periods, South African Triage Score (SATS), initial diagnosis, transport and referral mechanisms and outcome of EC consultation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data on 2646 patient presentations were described with a mix of SATS acuity levels (green: routine care; yellow: urgent; orange: very urgent; red: immediate), with more than one-third of presentations scoring an orange or red SATS. Most patients presented in the daytime, with an increase in more ill patients (higher SATS) later in the day and at night. The peak age group was 20-40 years, with 39% resident in informal settlements within 15 km of the hospital. The initial diagnosis was trauma in 26% of presentations, with a wide spread of other presentations. Patients were transported by ambulance to the EC in 39% of presentations, 41% were self-referred and 41% were referred by a primary health care practitioner. Fifty-three percent of presentations were either admitted to hospital or kept in the EC for further investigations, and the remainder were discharged from the EC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clear trends are seen for patient demographics and temporal attendance patterns which are important for resource allocation and planning. Many low-acuity patients, largely non-referred, are being seen in the EC and should be managed by primary health care level staff outside the EC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. pwhodkinson@gmail.com
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Hodkinson
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wallis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004630:Emergencies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult