title: Trends of bacterial colonisation and the risk of postoperative pneumonia in lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a high risk of developing postoperative pneumonia (POP). This study aims to investigate the impact of COPD on POP and the trends for perioperative bronchial colonisation by micro-organisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was made for 626 patients who underwent lung cancer surgeries at the Chiba University Hospital between 1996 and 2005. The patients were categorised as non-COPD (n=475) and COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) <70%; n=151). All the patients had sputum and bronchial bacterial cultures examined for potentially pathogenic micro-organisms (PPMs). Risk factors for POP and mortality were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with COPD had a significantly higher incidence of POP (23/151, 15.2%) than those without COPD (17/475, 3.6%) (p<0.0001). Preoperative bronchial bacterial examinations showed that 50 of 475 patients without COPD (10.5%) had positive cultures, while the results for 30 of 151 patients with COPD (19.9%) were positive (p=0.0111). Only 31 of 548 patients (5.7%) who did not show any preoperative PPMs had POP, while nine of 78 patients (11.5%) who presented preoperative PPMs had POP (p=0.0469). The PPMs that emerged postoperatively were primarily Staphylococcus aureus (and Gram-negative bacilli (94.4% of PPMs), while they were seen less frequently preoperatively (46.5% of PPMs). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that advanced age and FEV1/FVC were independent risk factors for POP. Patients with POP had significantly worse long-term survivals than those without POP (p=0.0004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COPD was a risk factor for POP. Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacilli should be targets for postoperative prophylactic antibiotic selection. Patients with POP had poor long-term survivals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Takekazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiyo
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasufuku
authors.forename: Shigetoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001980:Bronchi / Q000382:microbiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D014797:Vital Capacity