title: The economic burden to the public health system of treating non-viral injecting-related injury and disease in Australia (a cost of illness analysis).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We estimated the cost to the public health system of treating Injecting-Related Injuries and Diseases (IRIDs) in the three most populous states in Australia in the 12 months over 2005/06.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cost of illness analysis from the perspective of the public health system. Costs of treating IRIDs in the community were estimated from health service utilisation surveys of injecting drug users and physicians (yielding data on Government subsidised physician visits, medicines prescribed and emergency department presentations). Data on admitted hospitalisations in public hospitals due to IRIDs were extracted from State Government databases. Appropriate costs were attached to all Government-borne services and prescriptions to estimate the total cost to the public health system of treating IRIDs in 2005/06 in Queensland, NSW and Victoria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our estimate of the cost to the public health system of treating IRIDs in Queensland, NSW and Victoria in 2005/06 was $20 million.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IRIDs are an under-recognised harm resulting from injecting drug use, but the economic burden of IRIDs in Australia are non-negligible. Research is needed to identify cost effective programs to reduce the clinical and economic burden caused by IRIDs, particularly to reduce hospitalisations due to IRIDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  General practitioners, clinicians and other health workers need to be alert to IRIDs in their injecting drug user clients to prevent progression to more serious disease and consequent elevation of the associated economic costs.
authors.affiliation: Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute, Victoria.
authors.forename: Rohan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: Campbell K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Aitken
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011634:Public Health / Q000191:economics*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult