title: Human complement activation by smooth and rough Proteus mirabilis lipopolysaccharides.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proteus mirabilis bacilli play an important role in human urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and rheumatoid arthritis. The authors previously studied human complement C3 conversion by smooth-form P. mirabilis O10, O23, O30, and O43 lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and showed that smooth Proteus LPSs fragmented C3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In the present study, one smooth P. mirabilis S1959 and its two polysaccharide-truncated LPSs isolated from an R mutant strain were used to study the C3 conversion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The conversion of C3 to C3c by smooth and rough P. mirabilis LPSs was studied by capture ELISA and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Proteins isolated from the outer membrane were analyzed by discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The smooth P. mirabilis S1959 (O3) strain was resistant to the bactericidal activity of human serum, in contrast to the Ra and Re mutant strains. The presence of an exposed core oligosaccharide in R110 LPS was not sufficient to protect the strain from serum-dependent killing. In addition to LPS structure, the outer-membrane proteins may also play roles in protecting the smooth P. mirabilis S1959 (O3) strain from the bactericidal action of serum. It was shown that the Ra P. mirabilis R110 and the Re P. mirabilis R45 mutants possess very different OMP compositions from that of the P. mirabilis S 1959 strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regardless of the complement resistance of the P. mirabilis strains, the S1959, R110, and R45 LPSs fragmented C3 and induced C3c neo-antigen exposure. The use of complement-deficient human serum allows the conclusion that the Re-type P. mirabilis R45 LPS fragmented C3 by the antibody-independent classical pathway.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Wiesław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kaca
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arabski
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fudała
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holmström
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sjöholm
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Futoma-Kołoch
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bugla-Płoskońska
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Doroszkiewicz
mesh_terms: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000276:immunology; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011512:Proteus Infections / Q000276:immunology; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D003176:Complement C3; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003165:Complement System Proteins