title: Inferential reasoning and modality dependent discrimination learning in olive baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis).
abstract: Apes use inferential reasoning by exclusion to locate food both in the visual and auditory domain. To test whether olive baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis) show similar abilities as the apes object choice experiments with differing information about food located in 1 of 2 cups were conducted in the visual and auditory modality. Although all baboons (N = 7) were able to locate the reward when they had previously seen it, they failed to make use of auditory cues or arbitrary acoustic signals. When only partial information was given (i.e., only 1 cup was opened) 4 of the baboons were apparently able to infer the location of the reward by reasoning, whereas the other 3 may have adopted an alternative strategy ("avoid the empty cup"). In addition, 3 of the baboons were able to use arbitrary visual markers to locate the food reward. The results suggest that inferential reasoning is not restricted to apes but is shared with Old World monkeys. Furthermore, they also highlight some important differences in the processing of auditory versus visual information in operant conditioning settings.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Ethology, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany. schmitt@cog-ethol.de
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001070:Appetitive Behavior; D001245:Association Learning; D001288:Attention; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001364:Awareness; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D009042:Motivation; D009949:Orientation; D048529:Papio hamadryas / Q000523:psychology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D011340:Problem Solving; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012201:Reward; D014796:Visual Perception