title: Association between periodontitis and anti-cardiolipin antibodies in Buerger disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anti-cardiolipin (CL) antibodies can be induced in Buerger disease (BD), an inflammatory occlusive disorder affecting peripheral blood vessels, in response to bacteria bearing homology to the TLRVYK peptide of a phospholipid-binding plasma protein beta-2-glycoprotein I. TLRVYK homologies are present in Porphyromonas gingivalis (TLRIYT) and Treponema denticola (TLALYK). This study investigated the association between periodontal infection and anti-CL antibodies in BD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Periodontal conditions were examined in 19 BD patients and 25 systemically healthy control subjects. All subjects were heavy smokers. Serum anti-CL, anti-TLRVYK, anti-TLRIYT, and anti-TLALYK antibodies were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BD patients had a significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis, more severe periodontal destruction and increased titres of serum anti-CL, anti-TLRVYK, anti-TLRIYT, and anti-TLALYK antibodies compared with healthy subjects. The levels of anti-CL antibodies positively correlated with those of the three anti-peptide antibodies. Anti-CL antibody titres were significantly associated with the percentage of sites with clinical attachment level >or=4 mm in BD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated anti-CL antibody levels were associated with periodontal destruction in BD patients. Periodontopathic bacteria may serve as exogenous antigens that stimulate the anti-CL antibody production through molecular mimicry between the bacterial peptides and a host plasma protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Nawarat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wara-Aswapati
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ushida
authors.forename: Dongqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Takehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood*; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D000080867:Gingipain Cysteine Endopeptidases; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018716:Molecular Mimicry / Q000276:immunology; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase / Q000276:immunology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012907:Smoking / Q000276:immunology; D013919:Thromboangiitis Obliterans / Q000276:immunology*; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000276:immunology; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D000080867:Gingipain Cysteine Endopeptidases; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; C419843:TLR protein, bacteria; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases