title: Intra-sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ oscillations are driven by dynamic regulation of ryanodine receptor function by luminal Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes.
abstract: During the cardiac cycle, the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) channel complex is controlled by the levels of cytosolic and luminal Ca(2+) and alterations in these regulatory processes have been implicated in cardiac disease including arrhythmia. To better understand the mechanisms of regulation of SR Ca(2+) release by Ca(2+) on both sides of the SR membrane, we investigated SR Ca(2+) release in a wide range of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](cyt); 1-100 microm) in permeabilized canine ventricular myocytes by monitoring [Ca(2+)] inside the SR ([Ca(2+)](SR)). Exposing myocytes to activating [Ca(2+)](cyt) resulted in spontaneous oscillations of [Ca(2+)](SR) due to periodic opening and closing of the RyR2s. Elevating [Ca(2+)](cyt) (up to 10 microm) increased the frequency of [Ca(2+)](SR) oscillations; however at higher [Ca(2+)](cyt) (>50 microm) the oscillations diminished due to RyR2s staying perpetually open, resulting in depleted SR. Ablation of cardiac calsequestrin (CASQ2) altered the [Ca(2+)](cyt) dependence of Ca(2+) release oscillations such that oscillations were highly frequent at low [Ca(2+)](cyt) (100 nm) but became diminished at moderate [Ca(2+)](cyt) (10 microm), as determined in myocytes from calsequestrin-null versus wild-type mice. Our results suggest that under conditions of continuous activation by cytosolic Ca(2+), RyR2s can periodically cycle between open and deactivated states due to effects of luminal Ca(2+). Deactivation at reduced [Ca(2+)]SR appears to involve reduction of sensitivity to cytosolic Ca(2+) and might be mediated by CASQ2. Inactivation by cytosolic Ca(2+) plays no detectable role in controlling SR Ca(2+) release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah C W
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Terentyev
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalyanasundaram
authors.forename: Muthu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Periasamy
authors.forename: Sandor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Györke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism; D002155:Calsequestrin / Q000172:deficiency; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000378:metabolism*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002155:Calsequestrin; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D002110:Caffeine; D002154:Calpain; D002118:Calcium
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