title: Long-term upper and lower urinary tract functions in children with posterior urethral valves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several factors have been identified as predictive of future renal function in children with posterior urethral valves (PUV). Our aim was to analyse upper and lower urinary tract outcome in patients with PUV, and determine any factors from the period of early management that were predictive of future renal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of 67 boys (mean age 2.4 years) diagnosed with PUV were reviewed. The most common presenting symptom was dribbling in 43.2% and UTI in 28.3%. Twenty-three (34.8%) patients developed end-stage renal disease aged 1-15 years. The mean time of renal survival was calculated as 7.8 (SEM=0.73) years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incontinence in patients over 5 years old, lower urinary tract dysfunction, serum creatinine level in first year or at the time of diagnosis, and presence of vesicoureteral reflux and high-grade bilateral reflux were significant risk factors for occurrence of renal failure in the future. Lower tract dysfunction was seen in 58.6% of patients. Postnatal diagnosis and presence of high-grade reflux were significant risk factors for the future occurrence of lower urinary tract dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to recognize that PUV have consequences not only during childhood or before treatment, but also during or after the treatment period. Long-term assessment and follow-up of upper and lower urinary tract functions after valve ablation is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Science, Labbafi Nejad Hospital, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran. hasanotukesh@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otukesh
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sharifiaghdas
authors.forename: Rozita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoseini
authors.forename: Seyed-Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fereshtehnejad
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rabiee
authors.forename: Mahdieh Fotooch
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kiaiee
authors.forename: Ramila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Javadi
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojtahedzadeh
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simfroosh
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basiri
authors.forename: Nakysa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hooman
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nasiri
authors.forename: Salahedin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delshad
authors.forename: Pirrooz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farhood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D012372:ROC Curve; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine