title: Outcomes of locally advanced (T3 or greater) prostate cancer in men undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite nearly equivalent outcomes between open and robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) for organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa), the role of primary treatment with RALP in men with locally advanced (T3 or greater) PCa has not been described in detail. We report our experience with RALP for pathologically advanced disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 2005 to November 2008, 220 RALPs were performed by a single surgeon (R.B.N.). Outcomes were assessed prospectively in an institutional review board-approved database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 220 RALPs, 35 (15.9%) were performed for pT3 PCa; none of them were identified preoperatively. There was no difference in operative time compared with patients with pT2 disease (271 vs. 295 minutes, p = 0.09). The positive surgical margin (PSM) rate was 20% compared with 4.9% for pT2 (p = 0.004). Sural nerve grafts were performed in 20%, and 57% had bilateral nerve sparing. The use of bilateral or unilateral nerve sparing was not associated with increased PSM (p = 0.85). Biochemical recurrence occurred in 28.6% of men with pT3 disease over an average of 13 months of follow-up time, 30% of which occurred in men with a PSM. At 6 months, an 85% continence rate was achieved, and at 1 year continence was 100% for pT3. Compared with pT2, men with advanced disease had similar recovery after RALP based on postsurgery questionnaires.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RALP is a feasible approach to patients with pathologically advanced PCa as 71% were without evidence of disease at 13 months postoperatively. PSM rate (20%) is comparable to previously reported open PSM rates (24-66%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Meeks
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nadler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003710:Demography; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012371:Robotics; D016896:Treatment Outcome