title: Challenges in cardiac tissue engineering.
abstract: Cardiac tissue engineering aims to create functional tissue constructs that can reestablish the structure and function of injured myocardium. Engineered constructs can also serve as high-fidelity models for studies of cardiac development and disease. In a general case, the biological potential of the cell-the actual "tissue engineer"-is mobilized by providing highly controllable three-dimensional environments that can mediate cell differentiation and functional assembly. For cardiac regeneration, some of the key requirements that need to be met are the selection of a human cell source, establishment of cardiac tissue matrix, electromechanical cell coupling, robust and stable contractile function, and functional vascularization. We review here the potential and challenges of cardiac tissue engineering for developing therapies that could prevent or reverse heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vunjak-Novakovic
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Godier
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maidhof
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marsano
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.forename: Milica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radisic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
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