title: Influence of the coating formulation on enzymatic  digestibility and drug release from 5-aminosalicylic acid  pellets coated with mixtures of high-amylose  starch and Surelease intended for colon-specific  drug delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colon-specific delivery of drugs can be achieved with dosage forms coated with biopolymers that are metabolized selectively by the colonic microflora and yet resistant to enzymatic digestion in the small intestine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to study the influence of formulation factors on the performance of mixed films from high-amylose starches and Surelease((R)), applied using a spray-coating process, as potential colon-specific delivery devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  5-Aminosalicylic acid-loaded pellets were prepared by an extrusion-spheronization process and film coated with mixtures of the starches and Surelease((R)). Optimization of the coating formulation, that is, starch-to-Surelease((R)) ratio, film-coating thickness, and type of starch, was undertaken first in enzyme-free media resembling the conditions in the stomach and small intestine. The effect of curing of the film coating on the drug release profile upon storage was also evaluated. Optimized coating formulations were further assessed for enzymatic digestibility using artificial gastric and intestinal juices containing commercially available pepsin and pancreatin or alpha-amylase from hog pancreas, respectively. Finally, drug release was assessed in fluid-simulating conditions in the colon (SCF) containing Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Film coatings comprising high-amylose starches and Surelease((R)) in a ratio of 1:2 (w/w) and film thickness of approximately 45 microm were able to withstand the chemical and enzymatic environment of the upper gastrointestinal tract, in particular, resisted degradation by the pancreatic alpha-amylases. Stability of the coatings during storage was achieved with additional curing. In SCF, these coatings were susceptible to enzymatic degradation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that high amylose starch-mixed films can be successfully used as colon-specific delivery devices. The preparation of the coating dispersions described is simple and rapid, without the need to extract the amylose component of starch.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, Natural and Social Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK. anacfreire80@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: Fridrun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Podczeck
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sousa
mesh_terms: D000688:Amylose / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003106:Colon; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010194:Pancreatin / Q000737:chemistry; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004343:Drug Implants; D019804:Mesalamine; C013517:ethyl cellulose; D010194:Pancreatin; D002482:Cellulose; D000688:Amylose; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D010434:Pepsin A