title: Effects of CAY10404 on the PKB/Akt and MAPK pathway and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide. The mechanism of cell death induced by CAY10404, a highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, was evaluated in three non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (H460, H358, H1703).
  
  
  METHODS
  To measure the effects of CAY10404 on proliferation of NSCLC cells, 3 x 10(3) cells/well were plated in 96-well plates and allowed to adhere overnight at 37 degrees C. After treatment with CAY10404 for 3 days, cell proliferation was measured by the 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In the H460 NSCLC cells, evidence of apoptosis was sought using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay and western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with CAY10404 in the range of 10-100 microM caused dose-dependent growth inhibition, with an average 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 60-100 micromol/L, depending on the cell line. Western blot analysis of CAY10404-treated cells showed cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and procaspase-3, signifying caspase activity and apoptotic cell death. CAY10404 treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in H460 and H358 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that CAY10404 is a potent inducer of apoptosis in NSCLC cells, and that it may act by suppressing multiple protein kinase B/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yongseon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Mee-Ja
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun Seek
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Jaeyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Seung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C501048:3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-trifluoromethylisoxazole; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D007555:Isoxazoles; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D013450:Sulfones; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases