title: Hepatocarcinogenesis: multistep changes of drainage vessels at CT during arterial portography and hepatic arteriography--radiologic-pathologic correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the changes that occur in drainage vessels of dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during hepatocarcinogenesis by using computed tomography (CT) during arterial portography (CTAP) and CT during hepatic arteriography (CTHA), with histologic findings as the reference standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. According to the findings at CTAP and CTHA, 46 surgically resected hepatocellular nodules were classified into three types: type A (n = 18) (equivalent or decreased portal perfusion compared with background liver at CTAP, decreased arterial perfusion, and no corona enhancement [perinodular contrast material drainage] at CTHA), type B (n = 13) (no portal perfusion, increased arterial perfusion, and thin (< or = 2-mm) corona enhancement), or type C (n = 15) (no portal perfusion, increased arterial perfusion, and thick (> 2-mm) corona enhancement). We compared the histopathologic features and microangioarchitecture between the types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type A nodules histologically consisted of dysplastic nodules and well-differentiated HCC; type B and C nodules were moderately differentiated HCC. Replacing growth was commonly observed in type A nodules, whereas compressing growth was more frequently seen in types B and C. Sixty percent of type C nodules had a fibrous capsule. There were significantly fewer intranodular hepatic veins in types B and C. Serial pathologic slices demonstrated continuity from intranodular capillarized sinusoids to hepatic veins in type A nodules and to surrounding hepatic sinusoids in type B nodules. In type C nodules, intranodular capillarized sinusoids were connected to extranodular portal veins either directly or through portal venules within the fibrous capsule.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drainage vessels of HCC change from hepatic veins to hepatic sinusoids and then to portal veins during multistep hepatocarcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan. kitao@rad.m.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitao
authors.forename: Yoh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zen
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gabata
authors.forename: Yasuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakanuma
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011172:Portography / Q000379:methods*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*