title: Porcine nuclear transfer using somatic donor cells altered to express male germ cell function.
abstract: Recent studies reported that the direct transformation of one differentiated somatic cell type into another is possible. In the present study, we were able to modulate the cell fate of somatic cells to take on male germ cell function by introducing cell extracts derived from porcine testis tissue. Fibroblasts were treated with streptolysin O, which reversibly permeabilises the plasma membrane, and incubated with testis extracts. Our results showed that the testis extracts (TE) could activate expression of male germ cell-specific genes, implying that TE can provide regulatory components required for altering the cell fate of fibroblasts. Male germ cell function was sustained for more than 10 days after the introduction of TE. In addition, a single TE-treated cell was injected directly into the cytoplasm of in vitro-matured porcine oocytes. The rate of blastocyst formation was significantly higher in the TE-treated nuclear donor cell group than in the control cell group. The expression level of Nanog, Sox9 and Eomes was drastically increased when altered cells were used as donor nuclei. Our results suggest that TE can be used to alter the cell fate of fibroblasts to express male germ cell function and improve the developmental efficiency of the nuclear transfer porcine embryos.
authors.affiliation: Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute and CLS21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea. sangho@snu.ac.kr; ssangoo@konkuk.ac.kr
authors.forename: Sangho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Hye-Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sang Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Cheolhee
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Bong-Woo
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hoin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Eung-Ryoung
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ssang-Goo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013301:Streptolysins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014020:Tissue Extracts
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D013301:Streptolysins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D014020:Tissue Extracts; C025964:streptolysin O