title: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy for palliative biliary drainage in cases with inoperable pancreas head carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage (EBD) or stenting is the gold standard treatment for inoperable malignant biliary obstruction. When the papilla cannot be traversed because of pyloric or duodenal stenosis, or the catheter cannot be introduced, or because of previous surgery, the usual alternative method is considered to be percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). We herein report our experiences with four cases with inoperable pancreatic head carcinoma associated with obstructive jaundice treated by endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2006 and December 2007, methods of EUS-BD were performed in four cases with inoperable pancreas head carcinoma. In three out of four cases, EBD and PTBD were unsuccessful because of previous surgery, or duodenal stenosis, or nondilated intrahepatic bile ducts. In one case, although PTBD was successful, internal drainage could not be established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EUS-BD was successful for all cases. The obstructed biliary system was successfully decompressed by the creation of a choledochoduodenal fistula and the insertion of a transduodenal biliary plastic stent. No complication was encountered in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS-BD may have the potential of replacing PTBD in cases with inoperable pancreatic head carcinoma associated with obstructive jaundice.
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastroendoscopy, Onomichi General Hospital, Japan. kh-ajpbd@nifty.com
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iiboshi
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002768:Choledochostomy / Q000379:methods*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010166:Palliative Care; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional