[Clinical characteristics and changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD)].
OBJECTIVE
The spectrum of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) ranges from mild diarrhea to life-threatening colitis. Recent studies reported an increase in incidence and severity of CDAD and the presence of severe community-acquired CDAD (CA-CDAD). The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence of CA-CDAD and non-antibiotics-associated CDAD, and to compare the clinical characteristics between hospital-acquired (HA) and CA-CDAD.


METHODS
The medical records of 86 patients who were diagnosed as CDAD in Hanyang University Guri Hospital between January 2005 and October 2007 were retrospectively reviewed.


RESULTS
Of the 86 patients (mean age 64 years), 53 patients were women. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were cephalosporins (67.4%), followed by aminoglycosides (38.4%) and quinolones (14%). Of the 86 patients, the average duration of treatment and recovery time of symptoms were 11.5 days and 4.6 days, respectively. Seven percent of patients experienced relapse treatment. The overall incidence rate of CA-CDAD and non-antibiotics-associated CDAD were 10.5% and 22.1%, respectively. CA-CDAD group had lower rate of antimicrobial exposure whilst showing higher rate of complications compared to HA-CDAD group. Three patients in the CA-CDAD progressed towards a severe complicated clinical course, including septic shock.


CONCLUSIONS
The incidence rate of CA-CDAD and non-antibiotics-associated CDAD were 10.5% and 22.1%, respectively. CA-CDAD tends to have a higher complication rate compared to HA-CDAD. Community clinicians needs to maintain a high level of suspicion for CDAD, whilst coping with the ever evolving epidemiologic change.
Byun
Tae Jun
TJ
Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea.
Han
Dong Soo
DS
Ahn
Sang Bong
SB
Cho
Hyun Seok
HS
Kim
Tae Yeob
TY
Eun
Chang Soo
CS
Jeon
Yong Cheol
YC
Sohn
Joo Hyun
JH
Kang
Jung Oak
JO
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D015363:Quinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002511:Cephalosporins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D015363:Quinolones; C041348:tcdA protein, Clostridium difficile; D008795:Metronidazole