title: Faecal carriage of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients with acute gastroenteritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data on extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae especially molecular types of ESBL genes from India are limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the carriage and ESBL contents of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae recovered from patients with gastroenteritis in a rural village in southern India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from 45 stool samples from patients with gastroenteritis from one rural and two urban sites, in southern India were included in the study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, PCR analysis and sequencing were conducted to characterize the ESBL genes. Clonal relatedness was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the isolates were found to be resistant to at least one of the third generation cephalosporins tested. All the study isolates were confirmed to produce ESBLs. PCR and sequencing revealed the responsible gene to be bla(CTX-M-15). bla(TEM) and bla(SHV) were absent. PFGE indicated that fi ve of seven isolates from villagers were genetically closely related, and in turn were related to isolates from patients in two urban areas in this region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed that genetically-related isolates of K. pneumoniae producing CTX-M-15 were present in multiple areas in southern India. Larger studies need to be done in various geographical regions of the country to better define the molecular epidemiology of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and its clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Adams-Haduch
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Shivannavar
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gaddad
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000201:enzymology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C473109:beta-lactamase CTX-M-15; D001618:beta-Lactamases