title: Lycopene suppresses LPS-induced NO and IL-6 production by inhibiting the activation of ERK, p38MAPK, and NF-kappaB in macrophages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lycopene has antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects with molecular mechanisms not fully identified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of lycopene on the inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells and the signal transduction pathways involved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lycopene inhibited LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with decreased mRNAs of inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-6 but had no effect on TNF-alpha. Further study showed that lycopene also inhibited LPS-induced IkappaB phosphorylation, IkappaB degradation, and NF-kappaB translocation. Moreover, lycopene blocked the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase but not c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase. To confirm the causal link between MAP kinase inhibition and its anti-inflammatory effects, we treated the cells with SB 203580 and U0126. These inhibitors significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO and IL-6 formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lycopene inhibits the inflammatory response of RAW 264.7 cells to LPS through inhibiting ERK/p38 MAP kinase and the NF-kappaB pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), 74 Zhongshan Road 2, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Wen-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Rui-Dong
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077276:Lycopene; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002070:Butadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009570:Nitriles; D011725:Pyridines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C113580:U 0126; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002338:Carotenoids; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580; D000077276:Lycopene
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