title: The metabolic syndrome in overweight epileptic patients treated with valproic acid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents treated with valproate (VPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fourteen patients (54 male and 60 female) were studied. These patients were followed from the beginning of therapy for at least 24 months; at the end of follow-up, 46 patients (40.4%) had a considerable increase in body weight, whereas the other patients (59.6%) remained with the same weight. The MS was defined as having at least three of the following: abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six patients developed obesity; 20 (43.5%) of 46 patients developed MS. Abnormal glucose homeostasis was identified in 45% of patients. High total serum cholesterol concentrations were noted in 10 (50%), high serum triglyceride concentrations in 7 (35%), and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in 15 (75%) of the 20 subjects with MS. However, there were no significant differences in the features of MS between boys and girls with MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who gain weight during VPA therapy can develop MS with a possible risk of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy. averrott@unich.it
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verrotti
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manco
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agostinelli
authors.forename: Giangennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiarelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014635:Valproic Acid