Determination of hepatitis C virus-infected, monocyte lineage reservoirs in individuals with or without HIV coinfection.
Because previous reports found an association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection and progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, we investigated whether HIV and HCV may reciprocally influence viral replication in monocyte lineage cells in vivo. Using a novel technique called simultaneous ultrasensitive subpopulation staining/hybridization in situ (SUSHI), we rapidly and unequivocally identified HCV reservoirs in peripheral blood from HCV-infected individuals with and without HIV coinfection. We found that HCV infects both CD14(+), CD16(+)(+) monocytic cells and CD14(+)(+), CD16(+)(+) monocytic cells but not CD14(+)(+), CD16- cells in individuals infected with HCV with or without HIV coinfection. To address these HCV tropism differences, we found that the HCV receptor CD81 is highly expressed on CD14(+), CD16(+)(+) and CD14(+)(+), CD16(+)(+) cells but not on monocytes (CD14(+)(+), CD16-). These findings have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of HCV infection, mother-to-child transmission of HCV, and possible virus-virus interactions in HCV-HIV coinfected individuals.
Coquillard
Gerald
G
Department of Pathology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3375 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Patterson
Bruce K
BK
D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000502:physiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D009000:Monocytes / Q000821:virology*; D060225:Tetraspanin 28; D019562:Viral Load; D014779:Virus Replication
D015703:Antigens, CD; C554798:CD81 protein, human; D060225:Tetraspanin 28