title: Bone mineral density reference ranges for Australian men: Geelong Osteoporosis Study.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  A large population-based random sample of Australian white men was used to provide normative bone mineral density (BMD) data at multiple anatomical sites. The femoral neck BMD data are very similar to those obtained in USA non-Hispanic white males participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III). The reference ranges will be suitable for similar populations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  To provide normative BMD data for Australian men derived from a large population-based random sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  An age-stratified random sample of men was recruited from the Australian electoral rolls (n = 1,467 aged 20-97 years). BMD was quantified at multiple sites using Lunar densitometers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age-related differences in BMD were best predicted by linear relationships at the spine and hip and by quadratic functions at the whole body and forearm. At the spine, a small age-related increase in mean BMD was observed. Although in the subset with no spinal abnormalities, there was a decrease of 0.003 g/cm(2) per year from age 20. At the hip sites, mean BMD decreased at 0.001-0.006 g/cm(2) per year from age 20. At the forearm and whole body, BMD peaked at 41-47 years. Apart from a small difference in men greater than or equal to 80 years, the Australian femoral neck BMD data are not different to those obtained in USA non-Hispanic white males participating in NHANES III and were generally similar to those of large studies from Canada (CaMos) and Spain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data supply BMD reference ranges at multiple anatomical sites that will be applicable to white Australian men and similar populations such as USA non-Hispanic white men.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology & Biostatistics Unit, Department Clinical & Biomedical Sciences: Barwon Health, The University of Melbourne, PO Box 281, Geelong 3220, Australia.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pasco
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Korn
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kotowicz
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000886:Anthropometry; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: J Clin Densitom. 2006 Jul-Sep;9(3):367-74
references.pmid: 16931358
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2001;12(6):438-44
references.pmid: 11446558
references.citation: Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2000 Sep;12(5):464-7
references.pmid: 10990188
references.citation: Bone. 2009 May;44(5):965-9
references.pmid: 19168162
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 1994 Nov;4(6):368-81
references.pmid: 7696835
references.citation: Bone. 2008 Aug;43(2):332-9
references.pmid: 18519175
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 1992 Sep;2(5):262-5
references.pmid: 1392268
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 1995 Jan;5(1):63-5
references.pmid: 7703626
references.citation: J Clin Densitom. 2000 Fall;3(3):261-8
references.pmid: 11090233
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(10):897-904
references.pmid: 11199195
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Nov 1;33(23):2560-5
references.pmid: 18923337
references.citation: J Clin Densitom. 2003 Spring;6(1):1-6
references.pmid: 12665696
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 1998;8(5):468-89
references.pmid: 9850356
references.citation: J Clin Densitom. 2001 Winter;4(4):283-9
references.pmid: 11748333
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 1997;7(6):564-9
references.pmid: 9604053
references.citation: J Clin Densitom. 2006 Jul-Sep;9(3):255-60
references.pmid: 16931341
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1994 Oct;9(10):1503-14
references.pmid: 7817795
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 1997;7(1):59-64
references.pmid: 9102065
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2005 Dec;16(12):1525-37
references.pmid: 15889316
references.citation: Iowa Orthop J. 2003;23:51-6
references.pmid: 14575250
references.citation: Bone. 2000 Feb;26(2):123-9
references.pmid: 10678406
references.citation: Eur J Clin Invest. 2003 Apr;33(4):332-9
references.pmid: 12662164