title: Children's context inappropriate anger and salivary cortisol.
abstract: Some children show emotion that is not consistent with normative appraisal of the context and can therefore be defined as context inappropriate (CI). The authors used individual growth curve modeling and hierarchical multiple regression analyses to examine whether CI anger predicts differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, as manifest in salivary cortisol measures. About 23% of the 360 children (ages 6-10 years, primarily 7-8) showed at least 1 expression of CI anger in situations designed to elicit positive affect. Expression of anger across 2 positive assessments was less common (around 4%). CI anger predicted the hypothesized lower levels of cortisol beyond that attributed to context appropriate anger. Boys' CI anger predicted lower morning cortisol and flatter slopes. Results suggest that this novel approach to studying children's emotion across varying contexts can provide insight into affective style.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300, USA. rlocke@umassd.edu
authors.forename: Robin L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Locke
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Ned H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kalin
authors.forename: H Hill
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
mesh_terms: D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology*; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010552:Personality Assessment; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018433:Twin Studies as Topic
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
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