title: How do social norms impact HIV sexual risk behavior in HIV-positive men who have sex with men?: multiple mediator effects.
abstract: This study examines mediation of the association between social norms and unsafe sexual behavior. Self-report data were collected from 675 HIV-infected men enrolled in a study exploring interventions for HIV risk behavior. Unsafe sex included any unprotected anal sex with HIV-negative or HIV status unknown partners in the last three months. Norms for condom use indirectly influenced unsafe sex through condom self-efficacy and/or safer sex intentions. Additionally, sexual behavior discontrol influenced unsafe sex regardless of other individual or social factors. Our results suggest that interventions consider the combined effects of condom self-efficacy, safer sex intentions and sexual behavior control.
authors.affiliation: Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55454, USA. miner001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Miner
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Seth L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Welles
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jacoby
authors.forename: B R Simon
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Rosser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012309:Risk-Taking; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D014481:United States; D047568:Unsafe Sex; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 2001 Jan;127(1):142-61
references.pmid: 11271752
references.citation: AIDS Care. 2004 Aug;16(6):700-23
references.pmid: 15370059
references.citation: AIDS Educ Prev. 2000 Aug;12(4):340-56
references.pmid: 10982123
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 2005 Nov;131(6):856-97
references.pmid: 16351327
references.citation: J Behav Med. 1996 Aug;19(4):345-66
references.pmid: 8836826
references.citation: J Sex Marital Ther. 2001 Jul-Sep;27(4):325-32
references.pmid: 11441516
references.citation: J Pers Assess. 1995 Dec;65(3):586-601
references.pmid: 8609589
references.citation: AIDS. 2005 Apr;19 Suppl 1:S67-75
references.pmid: 15838196
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2003 Jun;93(6):933-8
references.pmid: 12773358
references.citation: J Pers Assess. 1990 Winter;55(3-4):610-7
references.pmid: 2280326
references.citation: Patient Educ Couns. 1994 Jul;23(3):173-86
references.pmid: 7971546
references.citation: Am J Health Behav. 2003 Sep-Oct;27(5):493-507
references.pmid: 14521246
references.citation: J Pers Assess. 1994 Jun;62(3):385-97
references.pmid: 8027907
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2004 Jul;94(7):1122-4
references.pmid: 15226130
references.citation: AIDS. 1999 Feb 25;13(3):297-306
references.pmid: 10199219
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Oct 1;37 Suppl 2:S101-9
references.pmid: 15385906
references.citation: AIDS Educ Prev. 2002 Dec;14(6):515-31
references.pmid: 12512852
references.citation: AIDS Educ Prev. 1996 Dec;8(6):529-45
references.pmid: 9010512
references.citation: AIDS Educ Prev. 1992 Summer;4(2):120-34
references.pmid: 1642957
references.citation: Addict Behav. 1999 Nov-Dec;24(6):857-68
references.pmid: 10628518
references.citation: AIDS Care. 2002 Dec;14(6):827-37
references.pmid: 12511215
references.citation: AIDS Educ Prev. 2003 Oct;15(5):383-400
references.pmid: 14626462
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2008 Sep;33(9):1167-76
references.pmid: 18556139
references.citation: Health Psychol. 1997 Sep;16(5):458-67
references.pmid: 9302543
references.citation: Health Psychol. 1993 Sep;12(5):346-53
references.pmid: 8223358
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986 Dec;51(6):1173-82
references.pmid: 3806354
references.citation: Health Educ Res. 2002 Feb;17(1):43-57
references.pmid: 11890176
references.citation: Lancet. 1997 Nov 22;350(9090):1500-5
references.pmid: 9388397
references.citation: Arch Sex Behav. 2007 Aug;36(4):579-87
references.pmid: 17192832
references.citation: J Health Psychol. 2000 Jul;5(4):487-99
references.pmid: 22049191