Plastidial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency leads to altered root development and affects the sugar and amino acid balance in Arabidopsis.
Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway that, in plants, occurs in both the cytosol and the plastids. The glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate with concomitant reduction of NAD(+) to NADH. Both cytosolic (GAPCs) and plastidial (GAPCps) GAPDH activities have been described. However, the in vivo functions of the plastidial isoforms remain unresolved. In this work, we have identified two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) chloroplast/plastid-localized GAPDH isoforms (GAPCp1 and GAPCp2). gapcp double mutants display a drastic phenotype of arrested root development, dwarfism, and sterility. In spite of their low gene expression level as compared with other GAPDHs, GAPCp down-regulation leads to altered gene expression and to drastic changes in the sugar and amino acid balance of the plant. We demonstrate that GAPCps are important for the synthesis of serine in roots. Serine supplementation to the growth medium rescues root developmental arrest and restores normal levels of carbohydrates and sugar biosynthetic activities in gapcp double mutants. We provide evidence that the phosphorylated pathway of Ser biosynthesis plays an important role in supplying serine to roots. Overall, these studies provide insights into the in vivo functions of the GAPCps in plants. Our results emphasize the importance of the plastidial glycolytic pathway, and specifically of GAPCps, in plant primary metabolism.
Muñoz-Bertomeu
Jesús
J
Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
Cascales-Miñana
Borja
B
Mulet
Jose Miguel
JM
Baroja-Fernández
Edurne
E
Pozueta-Romero
Javier
J
Kuhn
Josef M
JM
Segura
Juan
J
Ros
Roc
R
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D024581:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating) / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018087:Plastids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000172:deficiency / Q000494:pharmacology
D000596:Amino Acids; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012694:Serine; D024581:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating)
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