title: Cardiac neurotransmission imaging with 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine in postural tachycardia syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a disorder of orthostatic intolerance characterised by excessive tachycardia of unknown aetiology. Whether this condition involves abnormal cardiac sympathetic innervation or function remains elusive. Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) resembles guanethidine and is a pharmacologically inactive analogue of norepinephrine, which is similarly metabolised in noradrenergic neurons. MIBG myocardial scintigraphy is used clinically to estimate local myocardial sympathetic nerve damage in some forms of heart disease and autonomic neuropathy. The objective of this study was to evaluate cardiac sympathetic innervation in patients with POTS.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 patients with POTS were studied using (123)I-MIBG-single photon emission computed tomography, standardised autonomic testing, assessment of catecholamine plasma levels and sympathetic skin response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In four POTS patients (20.0%), myocardial MIBG uptake was markedly decreased. The mean heart to mediastinum ratio was reduced to 1.22+/-0.08 compared with the normal range of >1.7. No correlation was found between myocardial MIBG uptake and degree of postural tachycardia, baroreflex sensitivity, catecholamine plasma levels or other autonomic parameters. Sympathetic skin responses were normal in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that POTS may be, in part, a manifestation of autonomic cardiac neuropathy. MIBG myocardial scintigraphy may be helpful to distinguish patients with neuropathic POTS from patients with orthostatic intolerance of other origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Autonomic Laboratory, HELIOS Klinikum Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstr 40, D-42283 Wuppertal, Germany. carl-albrecht.haensch@helios-kliniken.de
authors.forename: Carl-Albrecht
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Haensch
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lerch
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schlemmer
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jigalin
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isenmann
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D000328:Adult; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D054972:Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012016:Reference Values; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D009638:Norepinephrine