title: Prospective evaluation of comorbidity and psychosocial need in children and adolescents with anorectal malformations. Part 2: evaluation of psychosocial need.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Only a few patients with anorectal malformations (ARM) have satisfactory bowel functions. Studies of ARM have reported psychosocial problems in up to 73% of patients. The aim of the current study was to document the psychosocial needs of patients with ARM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 2004 and September 2005, 44 patients with ARM were treated; the sample included 30 patients (23 males and 7 females) aged 4-17. To focus on potential psychosocial strain, a comprehensive grading system with a sophisticated perspective of continence, associated malformations, number of surgical interventions and postoperative complications was introduced. For psychosocial screening, the following instruments were used: German "Basis-Dokumentation" (BADO), Impact on Family Scale (IFS), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). All families assessed their own psychosocial needs. An extensive psychosocial programme was provided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three patients were suffering severe burden according to the comprehensive grading system. Nearly half of the families reported increased financial stress, and one-third reported emotional or hyperactivity problems of the child. More than 70% confirmed psychosocial need.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paediatric surgeons should promote psychosocial support for all patients who suffer severe forms of ARM or its numerous associated malformations as well as for patients undergoing numerous surgical interventions or having many postoperative complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. sibylle.winter@charite.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lehmkuhl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jenetzky
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Märzheuser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004065:Digestive System Abnormalities / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities*
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