title: Perfectionism and sensory phenomena: phenotypic components of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to investigate how perfectionism and sensory phenomena (SP) interact as possible phenotypic components of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven adult outpatients, meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria for OCD, and a control group of 41 community subjects were assessed using the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), the University of São Paulo-Sensory Phenomena Scale, and other standard measures of OCD severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of the FMPS subscales ("concern over mistakes," "doubts about action," and "parental criticism") were significantly different between OCD patients and control subjects. All subtypes of SP were significantly more frequent and more severe in OCD than in control subjects. The "incompleteness" subtype of SP was associated with high scores on all dimensions of the FMPS, whereas the "just-right" subtype of SP was only associated with "doubts about action," "personal standards," and "organization" subscales of the FMPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence and severity of SP and specific elements of perfectionism clearly distinguish OCD patients from healthy control subjects. Some SP subtypes are associated with specific FPMS subscale scores, whereas others are not. These results emphasize the relevance of assessing different subtypes of perfectionism and SP in OCD patients as important subcomponents of the OCD phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. mariaceica.rosario@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Helena S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.forename: Juliana B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borcato
authors.forename: Cristina Belotto
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Ana G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hounie
authors.forename: Euripedes C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Leckman
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: do Rosário
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult