title: Application of PCR based-RFLP for species identification of ocular isolates of methicillin resistant staphylococci (MRS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early detection of methicillin resistant staphylococci (MRS) from clinical specimens enables institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Limited information is available on speciation of MRS. This study was undertaken to compare results of conventional and molecular methods in detection of methicillin resistance (MR) and application of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing for speciation of ocular isolates of MRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 110 consecutive ocular staphylococcal isolates were screened for MR. MRS was speciated by PCR-RFLP of gap gene and results were confirmed by DNA sequencing. All isolates were processed within 48 h of isolation. A single colony of bacterium, stocked as stab cultures in Hyer's and Johnson agar, was stored at 4 degrees C and sub-cultured at every 15 days interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy (63.6%) of 110 isolates were identified as MRS and 40 (36.4%) were MSS by conventional and molecular method (100% correlation). Of the 70 MRS, 18 (25.7%) were Staphylococcus aureus, remaining 52 (74.3%) were CNS by conventional and molecular method (100% correlation). PCR-RFLP of gap gene identified 18 (25.71%) MRS as S. aureus, 11 (15.71%) S. epidermidis, 27 (38.57%) S. haemolyticus, 6 (8.57%) S. cohnii subsp. urealyticum, 6 (8.57%) S. equorum, 1 (1.42%) S. xylosus and 1 (1.42%) S. hominis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall rate of isolation MRS was 63.6 per cent and were predominantly isolated from conjunctival swab (23.6%) and donor corneal scleral rim (23.6%) of non hospitalized patients indicating their community origin. Detection of MR by mecA gene was easier and less time consuming compared to conventional methods. Speciation of MRS was possible by gap gene PCR - RFLP and the predominant MRS in our study was S. haemolyticus.
authors.affiliation: L&T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India. drjm@snmail.org
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malathi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sowmiya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Margarita
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Madhavan
authors.forename: K Lily
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Therese
mesh_terms: D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology