title: Effects of hypnotics on sleep quality and daytime well-being. Data from a comparative multicentre study in outpatients with insomnia.
abstract: The effect of treatment (28 days) with zopiclone, triazolam, flunitrazepam and placebo on sleep quality and daytime well-being was proven in a randomised, double-blind, parallel group, multicentre study in private practice. Results of an exploratory statistic of treatment efficacy in a subgroup of 1,291 patients suffering from insomnia are presented. Patients met the following criteria: insomnia lasting at least four weeks and the presence of at least two of the following: 1) sleep latency >/= 45 minutes, 2) total sleep time </= 6 hours, and 3) nocturnal awakening >/=3 times. Treatment efficacy was assessed according to the following factors: either a shortening of sleep latency by at least 15 minutes, or prolongation of total sleep time by at least 20%, or reduction of the number of nocturnal awakenings to three or less and a refreshed feeling in the morning as well as no impairment in daytime well-being due to tiredness or anxiety. The total response rate was markedly higher with zopiclone (42.3%; p = 0.0003) than with placebo (29.0%). Triazolam (36.6%; p = 0.0905) and flunitrazepam (33.1%; p = 0.3401) were also more effective than the placebo, but they both tended to have a lower response rate than with zopiclone (p = 0.1199 and 0.0151, respectively). Total response was found to be essentially a reflection of the response of the socially important parameter of daytime well-being. These results suggest that zopiclone is more effective in the treatment of insomnia than either triazolam or flunitrazepam. Since the response of daytime well-being to therapy was generally poor, this parameter embodies the next main therapeutic challenge in the treatment of patients with insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str 5, 57075 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hajak
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clarenbach
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bandelow
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rüther