title: Level of vascular endothelial growth factor in aqueous humor and surgical results of ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in patients with neovascular glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the associations between the levels of growth factors in aqueous humor and the surgical outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 19 NVG eyes of 19 patients, a sample of aqueous humor was taken just before Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, and TGF-beta2 in aqueous humor aspirates were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. When the postoperative intraocular pressures were >or=21 mm Hg with or without antiglaucoma medications at 2 successive visits or when any other surgical interventions were needed to lower intraocular pressure, that surgery was considered a failure. After patients were classified into success versus failure groups, the levels of the growth factors between the 2 groups was compared. The cumulative probability of success according to Kaplan-Meier analysis was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean postoperative follow-up period was 40.9+/-19.6 months and cumulative probability of success was 43% at 57 months after surgery. Mean VEGF level in the failure group was higher than that of the success group (P=0.014). However, there was no statistical difference in the levels of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and protein between 2 study groups (all P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of VEGF in aqueous humor was significantly higher in the failure group after the Ahmed glaucoma implantation compared with the success group. Our results imply that VEGF may play a role in determining surgical success after Ahmed valve implantation in patients with NVG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Guk
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Samin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Christopher Seungkyu
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Gong Je
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Kyoung Tak
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Chan Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020327:Glaucoma Drainage Implants; D015355:Glaucoma, Neovascular / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A