title: The management of spinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osseous metastases occur in 50% of patients with renal cell carcinoma; of these, 15% occur in the spine. The treatment options for spinal metastases secondary to renal cell carcinoma are limited. This paper considers the current management options available for spinal metastases secondary to renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of four patients with spinal metastases secondary to renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presentation of four cases highlighting the current management options for spinal metastases secondary to renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Historically, spinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma have been poorly managed; however, as the treatment of the primary disease improves, better treatment of the secondary disease is needed. Cement augmentation, used alone for prophylactic stabilisation or in conjunction with a posterior decompression and fixation, provides a useful addition in the management of these patients optimising their chance to remain ambulant, continent, and pain-free.
authors.affiliation: Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Spinal Deformity Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK. jmplangdon@googlemail.com
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Langdon
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Way
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molloy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001843:Bone Cements; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054854:Vertebroplasty / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate
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