title: The paediatric flat foot proforma (p-FFP): improved and abridged following a reproducibility study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concern about a child's flat foot posture is a common reason for frequent clinical consultations for an array of health care and medical professionals. The recently developed paediatric flatfoot clinical-care pathway (FFP) has provided an evidence based approach to diagnosis and management. The intra and inter-rater/measurer reliability of the FFP has been investigated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a study population of 140 children aged seven to 10 years, a sample with flat feet was identified by screening with the Foot posture index (FPI-6). Subjects who scored >/= 6 on the FPI-6 for both feet became the study's flat foot sample. A same subject, repeated measure research design was used for this study which examined the reliability of the FFP in 31 children aged seven to 10 years, as rated by three examiners.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately half of the items of the FFP showed less-than-desirable inter-rater reliability, arbitrarily set at the conventional 0.7 level (intra-class correlations). Removal of the unreliable items has produced a shorter; more relevant instrument designated the paediatric flat foot proforma (p-FFP).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The p-FFP is a reliable instrument for the assessment and resulting treatment actions for children with flat feet. Findings indicate that the simplified p-FFP is a reproducible instrument for the clinical assessment of flat foot in mid-childhood.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Science, Division of Health Science, University of South Australia, City, East Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia. angela.evans@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Angela Margaret
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Hollie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Noami
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zakarias
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