title: Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Cordia verbenacea extracts obtained by different methods.
abstract: The present study describes the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of extracts from Cordia verbenacea DC (Borraginaceae), a traditional medicinal plant that grows widely along the southeastern coast of Brazil. The extracts were obtained using different extraction techniques: high-pressure operations and low-pressure methods. The high-pressure technique was applied to obtain C. verbenacea extracts using pure CO(2) and CO(2) with co-solvent at pressures up to 30MPa and temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 degrees C. Organic solvents such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetone and dichloromethane were used to obtain extracts by low-pressure processes. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was also subjected to screening against four strains of bacteria using the agar dilution method. The extraction yields were up to 5.0% w/w and up to 8.6% w/w for supercritical fluid extraction with pure CO(2) and with ethyl acetate as co-solvent, respectively, while the low-pressure extraction indicates yields up to 24.0% w/w in the soxhlet extraction using water and aqueous mixture with 50% ethanol as solvents. The inhibitory activity of the extracts in gram-positive bacteria was significantly higher than in gram-negative. The quantification and the identification of the extracts recovered were accomplished using GC/MS analysis. The most important components identified in the extract were artemetin, beta-sitosterol, alpha-humulene and beta-caryophyllene, among others.
authors.affiliation: Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, EQA/UFSC, C.P. 476, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliane M Z
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Michielin
authors.forename: Ana A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.forename: Carlos A S
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Riehl
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smânia
authors.forename: Elza F A
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Smânia
authors.forename: Sandra R S
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D031213:Cordia / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000362:Agar