title: Narrative ideas for consulting with communities and organizations: ripples from the gatherings.
abstract: This paper reviews Michael White's early work with communities and extends ideas and practices from that work into the realm of consulting with organizations. We draw on Michael's writing and the records of two specific projects, as well as the recollections of team members in those projects, to describe how ideas and practices that were originally developed in working with individuals and families came to be applied in community settings. Specifically, we show how the central intention of the work is to use narrative ideas and practices in ways that allow communities to articulate, appreciate, document, utilize, and share their own knowledges of life and skills of living. We discuss the basic narrative ideas of stories, double listening, telling and retelling, making documents, and linking lives through shared purposes. For these projects, the teams developed structures that made it possible to use the basic idea with whole communities. We show how this work with communities has offered inspiration and ideas for our work in consulting to organizations. Finally, we describe and illustrate a particular way of working with organizations that carries the spirit of Michael's community work into situations requiring shorter blocks of time and more limited commitments than the original community contexts.
authors.affiliation: Evanston Family Therapy Center, Evanston, IL 60201, USA. narrativetherapy@sbcglobal.net
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Gene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Combs
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005196:Family Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D033262:Narration; D012111:Residence Characteristics