title: Electrodeposition of metals from supercritical fluids.
abstract: Electrodeposition is a widely used materials-deposition technology with a number of unique features, in particular, the efficient use of starting materials, conformal, and directed coating. The properties of the solvent medium for electrodeposition are critical to the technique's applicability. Supercritical fluids are unique solvents which give a wide range of advantages for chemistry in general, and materials processing in particular. However, a widely applicable approach to electrodeposition from supercritical fluids has not yet been developed. We present here a method that allows electrodeposition of a range of metals from supercritical carbon dioxide, using acetonitrile as a co-solvent and supercritical difluoromethane. This method is based on a careful selection of reagent and supporting electrolyte. There are no obvious barriers preventing this method being applied to deposit a range of materials from many different supercritical fluids. We present the deposition of 3-nm diameter nanowires in mesoporous silica templates using this methodology.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Wenta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Howdle
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perdjon-Abel
authors.forename: Philip N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: Wenjian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Levason
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kanad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mallik
authors.forename: Pier
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sazio
references.citation: Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2008 Aug 21;10(31):4650-7
references.pmid: 18665315
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2004 Nov 1;76(21):6395-401
references.pmid: 15516133
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2008 Feb 28;151(1):268-73
references.pmid: 18063302
references.citation: Chem Commun (Camb). 2003 Jun 21;(12):1412-3
references.pmid: 12841267
references.citation: Langmuir. 2006 Feb 28;22(5):2161-70
references.pmid: 16489803
references.citation: Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2006 Oct 7;8(37):4265-79
references.pmid: 16986069