title: Benign cartilaginous tumors of bone: from morphology to somatic and germ-line genetics.
abstract: Benign cartilaginous tumors of bones, intrinsic to their name, are tumors forming cartilaginous matrix with a clinically benign behavior. In this group, we recognize osteochondromas, (en)chondromas, chondroblastomas, and chondromyxoid fibromas. This group includes common tumors, that is, osteochondroma and (en)chondroma as well as rare tumors such as chondroblastoma and chondromyxoid fibroma. Several benign and malignant tumors may mimic benign cartilaginous tumors of bones. We reviewed the main morphologic features and the differential diagnosis is discussed. The genetics of these tumors is intriguing ranging from single gene event (ie, EXT mutation in multiple osteochondromas) to heterogeneous rearrangements with no recurrent involved chromosomal regions such as in chondroblastoma. The main genetic findings are hereby reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: Pancras C W
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hogendoorn
authors.forename: Angelo Paolo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dei Tos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002804:Chondroblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002812:Chondroma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005350:Fibroma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015831:Osteochondroma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C110834:EXTL2 protein, human; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases