title: Participatory drug prevention research in rural Hawai'i with native Hawaiian middle school students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper describes a prevention study focused on the drug use scenarios encountered by Native Hawaiian youth. Priorities from communities on the Big Island of Hawai;i helped to shape the qualitative data collection and analysis of middle school students participating in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven youth from five different schools were interviewed in small, gender-specific focus groups during lunch hour or after school.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings indicated that youth were exposed to drug offers that were direct-relational or indirect-contextual in nature. Direct-relational offers were didactic exchanges where drugs or alcohol were offered from one individual to another (e.g., "Do you want some beer?"). Indirect-contextual offers reflected complex exchanges among individuals, where drugs or alcohol were involved, but not offered directly (e.g., "Do you want to hang out with us?").
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implications are discussed regarding drug prevention research and programs that highlight indirect-contextual drug offers that are place based and culturally grounded.
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii at Manoa.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Helm
authors.forename: Scott K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Coralee I H
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: K Nahe
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Ka Ohinani
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Po A-Kekuawela
authors.forename: Larisa H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Nebre
authors.forename: F Petelo
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Sele
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D006266:Health Education; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012424:Rural Population; D012572:School Health Services; D013334:Students; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 2004 Mar;130(2):304-23
references.pmid: 14979774
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Aug;27(8):1327-9
references.pmid: 12966331
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2000 May-Jun;25(3):387-97
references.pmid: 10890292
references.citation: Hawaii Med J. 2007 May;66(5):118-23
references.pmid: 17557713
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2008 Jan;98(1):22-7
references.pmid: 18048800
references.citation: Ethn Health. 2007 Nov;12(5):483-96
references.pmid: 17978945
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2004 Jan;29(1):127-41
references.pmid: 14667425
references.citation: Public Health Rep. 2002;117 Suppl 1:S82-7
references.pmid: 12435831
references.citation: Prog Community Health Partnersh. 2007 Fall;1(3):281-8
references.pmid: 20208291
references.citation: J Prim Prev. 2006 Mar;27(2):155-70
references.pmid: 16534658