title: Ginsenoside Rg1 protects dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson's disease through the IGF-I receptor signalling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have shown that ginsenoside Rg1 is a novel class of potent phytoestrogen and activates insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) signalling pathway in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The present study tested the hypothesis that the neuroprotective actions of Rg1 involved activation of the IGF-IR signalling pathway in a rat model of Parkinson's disease, induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovariectomized rats were infused unilaterally with 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle to lesion the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway and treated with Rg1 (1.5 h after 6-OHDA injections) in the absence or presence of the IGF-IR antagonist JB-1 (1 h before Rg1 injections). The rotational behaviour induced by apomorphine and the dopamine content in the striatum were studied. Protein and gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter and Bcl-2 in the substantia nigra were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rg1 treatment ameliorated the rotational behaviour induced by apomorphine in our model of nigrostriatal injury. This effect was partly blocked by JB-1. 6-OHDA significantly decreased the dopamine content of the striatum and treatment with Rg1 reversed this decrease. Treatment with Rg1 of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats reduced neurotoxicity, as measured by tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter and Bcl-2 protein and gene level in the substantia nigra. These effects were abolished by JB-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide the first evidence that Rg1 has neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons in the 6-OHDA model of nigrostriatal injury and its actions might involve activation of the IGF-IR signalling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wen-Fang
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Man-Sau
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016627:Oxidopamine; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D016627:Oxidopamine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1; D004298:Dopamine
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