title: Herpes simplex encephalitis during treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors.
abstract: We report 3 cases of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors for rheumatologic disorders. Although TNF-alpha inhibitors have been reported to increase the risk of other infectious diseases, to our knowledge, an association between anti-TNF-alpha drugs and herpes simplex virus encephalitis has not been previously described.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA. rbradford@peds.uab.edu
authors.forename: Russell D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bradford
authors.forename: April C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pettit
authors.forename: Patty W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Larry W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Moreland
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: McLain
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gnann
authors.forename: Karen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Bloch
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020803:Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068879:Adalimumab
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