title: Application of a 3D volumetric display for radiation therapy treatment planning I: quality assurance procedures.
abstract: To design and implement a set of quality assurance tests for an innovative 3D volumetric display for radiation treatment planning applications. A genuine 3D display (Perspecta Spatial 3D, Actuality-Systems Inc., Bedford, MA) has been integrated with the Pinnacle TPS (Philips Medical Systems, Madison WI), for treatment planning. The Perspecta 3D display renders a 25 cm diameter volume that is viewable from any side, floating within a translucent dome. In addition to displaying all 3D data exported from Pinnacle, the system provides a 3D mouse to define beam angles and apertures and to measure distance. The focus of this work is the design and implementation of a quality assurance program for 3D displays and specific 3D planning issues as guided by AAPM Task Group Report 53. A series of acceptance and quality assurance tests have been designed to evaluate the accuracy of CT images, contours, beams, and dose distributions as displayed on Perspecta. Three-dimensional matrices, rulers and phantoms with known spatial dimensions were used to check Perspecta's absolute spatial accuracy. In addition, a system of tests was designed to confirm Perspecta's ability to import and display Pinnacle data consistently. CT scans of phantoms were used to confirm beam field size, divergence, and gantry and couch angular accuracy as displayed on Perspecta. Beam angles were verified through Cartesian coordinate system measurements and by CT scans of phantoms rotated at known angles. Beams designed on Perspecta were exported to Pinnacle and checked for accuracy. Dose at sampled points were checked for consistency with Pinnacle and agreed within 1% or 1 mm. All data exported from Pinnacle to Perspecta was displayed consistently. The 3D spatial display of images, contours, and dose distributions were consistent with Pinnacle display. When measured by the 3D ruler, the distances between any two points calculated using Perspecta agreed with Pinnacle within the measurement error.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zusag
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612.
authors.forename: Gocha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khelashvili
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Actuality Medical Systems, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA.
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.affiliation: Actuality Medical Systems, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA.
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stutsman
mesh_terms: D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011786:Quality Control; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999 Jul 1;44(4):955-66
references.pmid: 10386655
references.citation: Radiother Oncol. 1995 Jul;36(1):32-43
references.pmid: 8525023
references.citation: J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2005 Summer;6(3):13-22
references.pmid: 16143788
references.citation: Med Phys. 2003 Oct;30(10):2762-92
references.pmid: 14596315
references.citation: Radiother Oncol. 2007 Feb;82(2):218-21
references.pmid: 17224194
references.citation: Radiother Oncol. 2008 Jan;86(1):43-7
references.pmid: 18054103
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999 Jun 1;44(3):693-703
references.pmid: 10348301
references.citation: Strahlenther Onkol. 1992 Dec;168(12):692-7
references.pmid: 1481118
references.citation: Med Phys. 1998 Oct;25(10):1773-829
references.pmid: 9800687
references.citation: Cancer Radiother. 2007 Jun;11(4):178-87
references.pmid: 17418608
references.citation: Med Phys. 1994 Apr;21(4):581-618
references.pmid: 8058027