title: Impact of demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment factors on swallowing after (chemo)radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This prospective study evaluated the impact of patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and radiotherapy treatment on swallowing before and after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one patients with head and neck cancer were examined using videofluoroscopy swallowing studies (VFSS) before treatment and again at 3 and 6 months after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Swallowing was best at baseline, significantly worse 3 months posttreatment, and improved by 6 months posttreatment. Worse swallowing was associated with: living in rural areas; ex-heavy alcohol consumption; hypopharyngeal tumor site; large (particularly T4) tumors; nonconformal radiotherapy; bilateral radiation to the pharynx; and longer radiotherapy fields. Through the use of multiple regression analysis, previous swallowing was determined to be the most common predictor of swallowing outcomes, followed by T classification, alcohol history, and radiotherapy technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pretreatment and treatment factors that influenced swallowing in this cohort should be considered when planning treatment, in discussing potential side effects with patients, and when developing and testing future treatment techniques.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Communication Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia. j.frowen@latrobe.edu.au
authors.forename: Jacqui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frowen
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corry
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications; D053120:Respiratory Aspiration / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording