title: Double-resonance and optical-pumping experiments on electromagnetically confined, laser-cooled ions.
abstract: Experiments illustrating advantages and unique features of double-resonance and optical pumping on electromagnetically confined, laser-cooled ions are discussed. In certain cases, scattered light from the cooling transition can be used as a monitor in double-resonance experiments to give nearly 100% detection efficiency. Nonradiative relaxation rates are extremely small for stored ions, permitting nearly complete optical pumping, even in extremely weak pumping schemes.
authors.affiliation: Frequency and Time Standards Group, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wineland
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bergquist
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Itano
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Drullinger