title: Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases CREB phosphorylation and restores orientation selectivity in a model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are the leading cause of mental retardation in the western world and children with FASD present altered somatosensory, auditory and visual processing. There is growing evidence that some of these sensory processing problems may be related to altered cortical maps caused by impaired developmental neuronal plasticity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we show that the primary visual cortex of ferrets exposed to alcohol during the third trimester equivalent of human gestation have decreased CREB phosphorylation and poor orientation selectivity revealed by western blotting, optical imaging of intrinsic signals and single-unit extracellular recording techniques. Treating animals several days after the period of alcohol exposure with a phosphodiesterase type 1 inhibitor (Vinpocetine) increased CREB phosphorylation and restored orientation selectivity columns and neuronal orientation tuning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that CREB function is important for the maturation of orientation selectivity and that plasticity enhancement by vinpocetine may play a role in the treatment of sensory problems in FASD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Krahe
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Alexandre E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Medina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005289:Ferrets; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000378:metabolism*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011247:Pregnancy; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids; C013983:vinpocetine
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