title: Survey of the decontamination and maintenance of dental handpieces in general dental practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how dental handpieces are decontaminated and maintained in general dental practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey was carried out in general dental practice in Scotland. Survey visits ran from January 2003 until the end of March 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected by interview and observation in 179 dental surgeries in Scotland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In virtually all surgeries, handpieces were cleaned before disinfection or autoclaving (99%; n = 177), most commonly by wiping the external surface with a cloth impregnated with disinfectant. Most surgeries lubricated their handpieces after cleaning and before sterilisation (91%; n = 162), although a number of surgeries (24%; n = 42) also lubricated their handpieces after sterilisation. In the majority (97%; n = 174) of dental surgeries, all handpieces were autoclaved after use, most frequently (89%; n = 160) in a bowl and instrument steriliser. In 38 surgeries (21%), handpieces were being wrapped (paper pouches) before sterilisation in bowl and instrument sterilisers. A minority of surgeries (20%; n = 36) had a dedicated handpiece for surgical procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of dental handpieces are manually cleaned externally with a disinfectant impregnated cloth and processed in a type N (bowl and instrument) bench top steam steriliser. Handpieces are lubricated with non-water soluble lubricants at different stages of reprocessing, indicating clarification is required in this area. More work is required by manufacturers to establish a validated cleaning and lubrication process to facilitate the sterilisation of handpieces.
authors.affiliation: Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow. a.smith@dental.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: G W G
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Creanor
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hurrell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bagg
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Lappin
mesh_terms: D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D019551:Dental Disinfectants; D003754:Dental High-Speed Equipment / Q000382:microbiology*; D003762:Dental Instruments / Q000382:microbiology*; D005792:General Practice, Dental; D006801:Humans; D019552:Infection Control, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D008153:Lubrication; D019239:Practice Patterns, Dentists'; D012606:Scotland; D013227:Steam; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019551:Dental Disinfectants; D013227:Steam