title: Clinical effectiveness of customised sport shoe orthoses for overuse injuries in runners: a randomised controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of chronic running-related overuse injuries by orthopaedic shoe orthoses is very common but not evidence-based to date.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Polyurethane foam orthoses adapted to a participant's barefoot plantar pressure distribution are an effective treatment option for chronic overuse injuries in runners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  51 patients with running injuries were treated with custom-made, semirigid running shoe orthoses for 8 weeks. 48 served as a randomised control group that continued regular training activity without any treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation was made by the validated pain questionnaire Subjective Pain Experience Scale, the pain disability index and a comfort index in the orthoses group (ICI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were statistically significant differences between the orthoses and control groups at 8 weeks for the pain disability index (mean difference 3.2; 95% CI 0.9 to 5.5) and the Subjective Pain Experience Scale (6.6; 2.6 to 10.6). The patients with orthoses reported a rising wearing comfort (pre-treatment ICI 69/100; post-treatment ICI 83/100) that was most pronounced in the first 4 weeks (ICI 80.4/100).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Customised polyurethane running shoe orthoses are an effective conservative therapy strategy for chronic running injuries with high comfort and acceptance of injured runners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Albert- Ludwigs University Freiburg, Germany. anja.hirschmueller@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirschmüller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baur
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Helwig
authors.forename: H-H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Dickhuth
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012420:Running / Q000293:injuries*; D012775:Shoes; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011140:Polyurethanes; C028279:polyurethane foam