title: Psychological factors and the incidence of temporomandibular disorders in early adolescence.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between psychological variables and the clinical diagnosis of temporomandbular disorders (TMD) in 12-year-old adolescents. TMD pain was assessed by RDC/TMD examination (Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders) (Axis I and II). Five-hundred and fifty-eight subjects (330 girls and 228 boys) were examined. Bivariate analyses were performed using the Chi-square test (chi(2)). The logistic regression models were adjusted estimating the Odds Ratios (OR), their 95% confidence intervals (CI), and significance levels. Only 2.19% of the boys and 8.18% of the girls presented one of the Axis I categories. All variables from axis II were related to TMD diagnosis (p < 0.001). Gender was significantly related to TMD diagnosis (p = 0.0028). The risk of TMD incidence for girls was 3.5 times higher than that for boys (Odds Ratio = 3.52, Confidence Interval 1.31-9.43). The individuals who presented the variable 'characteristics of pain intensity' (CPI) higher than 0 had 31 times more risk of TMD incidence (Odds Ratio = 31.361, Confidence interval 6.01-163.5). We concluded that psychological variables and female gender are important risk indicators related to TMD incidence, even in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Dentistry Graduate Program, Oral Diagnosis Area, Vale do Rio Verde University (UNINCOR), Três Corações, MG, Brazil. lucianojosepereira@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Luciano José
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pereira-Cenci
authors.forename: Stela Márcia
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Altair Antoninha Del Bel
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cury
authors.forename: Glaucia Maria Bovi
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ambrosano
authors.forename: Antônio Carlos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz Duarte
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gavião
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012737:Sex Factors; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*