title: Additive value of diabetes and peripheral arterial disease in the risk stratification of patients admitted after an acute coronary syndrome: a subanalysis of the PAMISCA Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an increasing interest in the use of non-invasive methods for the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis to better identify patients with high risk of cardiovascular events The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with increased risk of events but their value in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patient has not been ascertained.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a subanalysis of the PAMISCA study, designed to investigate the prevalence of PAD in patients admitted to Spanish hospitals with a diagnosis of an ACS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1410 patients were analysed (71.4% men, age 66 +/- 11.9 years, 35% DM). The prevalence of PAD was higher in DM vs. no-DM (41.5% vs. 30.6% respectively, p < 0.001). Patients with PAD and DM had more in-hospital cardiac complications such as atrial fibrillation/flutter, recurrent myocardial ischaemia and heart failure and a trend towards higher in-hospital mortality (p = 0.08). Non-DM patients with PAD and DM without PAD shared similar cardiac complications and the group without neither PAD nor DM had the best prognosis. In patients without PAD, DM was an independent predictor of three-vessel coronary disease (OR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.5, p < 0.05) after adjustment by age, sex, low density lipoproteins (LDL), smoking and the previous myocardial infarction. However, in PAD patients, DM failed to be an independent risk factor in the multivariate analysis (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.6-1.6, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concurrence of DM and PAD helps identify patients with an adverse risk profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. franpastor79@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Pastor-Perez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soria-Arcos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morillas-Blasco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quiles-Granado
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazón-Ramos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guindo-Soldevila
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Padial
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: González-Maqueda
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: González-Juanatey
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bertomeu-Martínez
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D000368:Aged; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors