title: Multiple malignant tumors of the orbit.
abstract: The retinoblastoma is the most frequent malign tumor of the children, starting with the maximum frequency between the ages of one to three years. It is part of the categories of rare diseases, whose frequency is estimated at 1:15.000-1:20.000 newborn babies. It is a tumor of the neuroblast-type placed at the retina level. The retinoblastoma can be unifocal, when a single tumor is present, or multifocal, when it is about more tumors at the level of the same eye or with extension to both eyes. The retinoblastoma can have at the basis two mechanisms of appearance, thus distinguishing two types: the hereditary and the sporadic, non-hereditary. In approximately 40% of the cases, the children affected have the hereditary type of the illness; this includes the cases of the children with bilateral retinoblastoma and approximately 5% of those with tumor at a single eye. The hereby paper presents two clinical cases (mother and daughter) with the histopathological diagnosis of retinoblastoma, followed up on a period of four years. The first case, that of a 4-year-old child, with the histopathological diagnosis of bilateral retinoblastoma with left intra-orbital invasion, to which enucleation has been made to the right eye and left orbit exenteration (on three years interval). The second clinical case is that of a 30-year-old woman who shows up at the clinic with a left intra-orbital tumor recidivation; it is significant to reveal the fact that the first surgical intervention (left eye enucleation) took place 29 years ago and the histopathological diagnosis settled post-operation was that of retinoblastoma. The histopathological diagnosis of the tumor recidivation was of squamous carcinoma. The clinical and histopathological aspects of the two clinical cases presented are being debated, the appearance of a tumor formation in the same topographic area after a long period and the importance of the genetic advice in the families diagnosed with retinoblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. bianca.szabo@umfcluj.ro
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nicula
authors.forename: Doiniţa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crişan
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crivii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000473:pathology