title: Knockout of the norepinephrine transporter and pharmacologically diverse antidepressants prevent behavioral and brain neurotrophin alterations in two chronic stress models of depression.
abstract: Diverse factors such as changes in neurotrophins and brain plasticity have been proposed to be involved in the actions of antidepressant drugs (ADs). However, in mouse models of depression based on chronic stress, it is still unclear whether simultaneous changes in behavior and neurotrophin expression occur and whether these changes can be corrected or prevented comparably by chronic administration of ADs or genetic manipulations that produce antidepressant-like effects such as the knockout of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene. Here we show that chronic restraint or social defeat stress induce comparable effects on behavior and changes in the expression of neurotrophins in depression-related brain regions. Chronic stress caused down-regulation of BDNF, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3 in hippocampus and cerebral cortex and up-regulation of these targets in striatal regions. In wild-type mice, these effects could be prevented by concomitant chronic administration of five pharmacologically diverse ADs. In contrast, NET knock out (NETKO) mice were resistant to stress-induced depressive-like changes in behavior and brain neurotrophin expression. Thus, the resistance of the NETKO mice to the stress-induced depression-associated behaviors and biochemical changes highlight the importance of noradrenergic pathways in the maintenance of mood. In addition, these mice represent a useful model to study depression-resistant behaviors, and they might help to provide deeper insights into the identification of downstream targets involved in the mechanisms of antidepressants.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. boenisch@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haenisch
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bilkei-Gorzo
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Caron
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bönisch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C493228:Slc6a2 protein, mouse; C518911:neurotropin 3, mouse; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor
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