title: Maternal and neonatal outcomes following diabetes in pregnancy in Far North Queensland, Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) is increasing and is associated with a number of adverse consequences for both the mother and the child.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare local maternal and neonatal outcomes with state and national data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chart audit of all DIP delivered during 2004 at a regional teaching hospital and compare outcomes with national benchmark, Queensland and national Indigenous data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The local DIP frequency was 6.7%. The local compared to benchmark and state data demonstrated a higher frequency of Indigenous mothers (43.6% vs 6.8% vs 5.5%), caesarean sections (50.7% vs 26% vs 32.0%), hypoglycaemia (40.7% vs 19.5% vs 2.7%) and respiratory distress (16.6% vs 4.5% vs 2.3%) in infants, fewer normal birthweights (64.8% vs 82.6% vs 80.4%) and full-term deliveries. More local mothers compared to benchmark had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (15.4% vs 8.7%) but fewer used insulin (31.0% vs 46.6%); compared to state data, fewer women had gestational diabetes (79.5% vs 91.2%), however, insulin use was higher (22.8%). Furthermore, Aborigines had fewer pregnancies compared to Torres Strait Islanders (3.0 vs 5.0) and less insulin use (21.9% vs 59.3%) (P = 0.008-0.024). In contrast, non-Indigenous versus Indigenous women showed fewer pregnancies, less T2DM (7.8% vs 23.7%), better glycaemic control, longer babies, more full-term deliveries and less severe neonatal hypoglycaemia. Comparing local and national Indigenous data, local showed poorer outcomes, however, only 11.8% had diabetes or hypertension nationally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The local cohort had poorer outcomes probably reflecting a more disadvantaged. Few differences were found between local Indigenous groups.
authors.affiliation: Cairns Diabetes Centre, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Bronwyn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Howat
authors.forename: Ashim K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Falhammar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000208:ethnology*; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk / Q000208:ethnology*; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult