title: Work related risk factors for neck, shoulder and arms complaints: a cohort study among Dutch computer office workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to investigate the relationship between work-related physical and psychosocial characteristics and complaints of the neck, shoulder and forearm/hands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were used from a prospective Dutch cohort study among computer office workers with a follow-up period of 2 years. The study was conducted among 264 computer users. Physical and psychosocial risk factors were tested to predict the occurrence of neck, shoulder and forearm/hands complaints. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the association between risk factors and outcome variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 year follow-up prevalence rates with 95% CI for neck complaints were 0.31 (0.28-0.37), for shoulder complaints 0.33 (0.27-0.39) and for forearm/hands complaints 0.21 (0.14-0.28). Four main predictors for the occurrence of neck and shoulder complaints were identified: (1) Irregular head and body posture [OR: 1.1 (1.0-1.2) P = 0.04]; (2) task difficulty (job demands) [OR: 1.2 (1.0-1.5) P = 0.01]; (3) number of working hours/day with the computer [OR: 1.20 (1.0-1.4) P = 0.03]; and (4) having had a previous history of complaints [OR: 7.2 (3.8-13.2) P = 0.01]. Two predictors were identified for forearm/hands complaints: time pressure (job demands) [OR: 1.20 (1.0-1.4) P = 0.03] and having had a previous history of complaints [OR: 7.1 (3.5-14.1) P = 0.06].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This longitudinal study suggests that risk factors of upper musculoskeletal complaints in computer workers consist of a mixture of physical and psychosocial characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Caphri Research School, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. s_eltyeb@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Shahla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eltayeb
authors.forename: J Bart
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Staal
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Rob A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Bie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D002055:Burnout, Professional; D016288:Computer Terminals; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011187:Posture; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D016526:Workload
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