title: Five recommendations for prelicensure clinical nursing education.
abstract: The acute shortage of RNs is both well established and projected to continue. Two primary factors contributing to the nursing shortage are insufficient numbers of faculty and insufficient clinical sites for students. Innovative academic-service partnerships are realigning these scarce resources to improve the quality of clinical education and build cultures of safety. Relationships among students, staff nurses, faculty, and the institutions where they practice are central to students' socialization, professional role development, and transition to practice. Five recommendations to strengthen these professional relationships are suggested to: reenvision nursing student-staff nurse relationships, reconceptualize the clinical faculty role, enhance development for school-based faculty and staff nurses working with students, reexamine the depth and breadth of the clinical component, and strengthen the evidence for best practices in clinical nursing education. Five key outcomes are suggested to evaluate both traditional and emerging approaches to clinical nursing education.
authors.affiliation: Samuel Merritt University, Sacramento, CA 95833, USA. rmacintyre@samuelmerritt.edu
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: MacIntyre
authors.forename: Teri A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Cynthia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Teel
authors.forename: Judith F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Karshmer
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D055318:Evidence-Based Nursing; D005181:Faculty, Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008008:Licensure, Nursing; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000193:education / Q000600:supply & distribution; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010560:Personnel Selection; D012449:Safety; D012951:Socialization; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States