title: Polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 are not associated with orthostatic blood pressure dysregulation in hypertensive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The genetic background of orthostatic blood pressure dysregulation remains poorly understood. Since the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in blood pressure regulation and response to position change, we hypothesized that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 genetic polymorphisms might contribute, at least partially, to orthostatic blood pressure dysregulation in hypertensive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ACE2 and ACE I/D were genotyped in 3630 untreated hypertensive patients and 826 normotensive subjects. Orthostatic hypertension was defined as an increase in systolic blood pressure of 20 mmHg or more and orthostatic hypotension as a drop in blood pressure of 20/10 mmHg or more within three minutes of assumption of upright posture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female and male patients had similar rates of orthostatic hypertension (16.5% vs 15.3%) and hypotension (22.5% vs 23.8%). No significant differences were detected in the minor allele frequency of ACE2 rs2106809, rs2285666, or ACE I/D in either female or male patients with orthostatic hypertension (15.1%, 22.7%, 19.6%, respectively), hypotension (13.8%, 25%, 16.5%), or normal orthostatic blood pressure response (14.4%, 21.9%, 15.8%) in additive, dominant or recessive models after adjustment for confounders (all P>0.05). The orthostatic changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also comparable among patients carrying different genotypes. Similar results were observed in normotensive subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide no support for the involvement of ACE or ACE2 in the genetic predisposition to orthostatic hypotension or hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Hypertension Division, Ministry of Education, Cardiovascular Institute & FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-han
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Yi-bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wei-li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jing-zhou
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hai-ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiang-liang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ru-tai
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Hui
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
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