title: Anger and childhood sexual abuse are independently associated with irritable bowel syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) presents in the absence of identifiable organic pathology. Clinical and research literature has suggested that both childhood abuse and anger are linked to functional gastrointestinal conditions including IBS. The present study tested the predictions that IBS patients, when compared to patients with an organic bowel disease (Crohn's disease), have higher levels of trait and suppressed anger, and that these mediate the link between abuse and IBS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a cross-sectional multivariate comparison between groups of patients with IBS and Crohn's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of self-reported trait and suppressed anger and recalled childhood abuse in patients with IBS (N=75) or Crohn's disease (N=76) were compared, using self-report questionnaires and controlling for other psychological characteristics (anxiety, depression, and dissociation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trait and suppressed anger were greater in IBS patients, and differences in trait anger remained significant after controlling for other psychological variables. Childhood sexual abuse was more prevalent in IBS than Crohn's disease patients but was unrelated to trait anger.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of anger characterize IBS patients when compared to an organic bowel disease group, but do not explain the link between childhood abuse and IBS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Psychology, University of Liverpool, UK. h.c.beesley@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beesley
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salmon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires