title: The Norwood procedure using a right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit: comparison of the right-sided versus left-sided conduit position.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We proposed that a right-sided right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit during the stage I Norwood procedure would facilitate pulmonary artery reconstruction during the stage II procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2002 and 2006, 153 patients underwent Norwood stage I reconstruction with a right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit (125 in the right-sided group and 28 in the left-sided group). The previous 150 consecutive classic Norwood procedures (1997-2002) were used as a control group. Outcomes from stages I and II were analyzed, including ventricular function and pulmonary artery morphology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 30-day survival was 88% (110/125) in the right-sided group, 75% (21/28) in the left-sided group, and 70% (105/150) in the control group (P < .001, right-sided vs control groups). The conduit length was 35 +/- 9 mm in the right-sided group and 26 +/- 8 mm in the left-sided group (P = .001). Survival at 6 months demonstrated a significant survival benefit in the right-sided right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit group over the control group (P = .009, log-rank test). There was no difference in ventricular function between the groups and no regional dyskinesia associated with the right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit. Despite larger branch pulmonary artery size in the right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit groups (compared with the control group), central pulmonary artery stenoses were common (62% in the right conduit and 80% in the left conduit). Bypass and ischemic times at stage II were 49 +/- 10 and 23 +/- 13 minutes in the right-sided group compared with 61.5 +/- 9.5 and 31 +/- 14 minutes in the left-sided group (P < .001 and P = .03, respectively). The 30-day mortality after the stage II procedure was 1.3% (1/76) in the right-sided group, 0% (0/18) in the left-sided group, and 3.3% (3/90) in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The right-sided conduit is a safe technique and has improved 30-day and overall post-stage II survival compared with that seen with the classic Norwood procedure. The right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit is associated with central pulmonary artery stenosis but good development of the branch pulmonary arteries and preservation of ventricular function. The right-sided conduit significantly reduces cardiopulmonary bypass times at stage II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. david.barron@bch.nhs.uk
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stickley
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Woolley
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stümper
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Brawn
mesh_terms: D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery