title: The occurrence of primary nocturnal enuresis and associated factors in 5-year-old outpatients in Slovenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the occurrence of primary nocturnal enuresis in 5-year-old outpatients in Slovenia and the possible correlations with different factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The epidemiological study was conducted in Slovenia between 2005 and 2007. A special questionnaire was distributed randomly among the parents of 1846 5-year olds in children's outpatient clinics in all regions of Slovenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was on average 71.0%, which means that 7% of all Slovenian 5-year olds were included in the study. The occurrence of primary nocturnal enuresis was 8.7% and was higher in families with many siblings (chi(2) test, p < 0.01). The boy:girl ratio was 1.4 (Student t-test, p = 0.024). Parents were found to be more disturbed by the problem than their children (chi(2) test, p < 0.01). The maternal and paternal education levels of children with primary nocturnal enuresis did not differ from the Slovenian adult population (chi(2) test, p > 0,05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of primary nocturnal enuresis in 5-year-old outpatients in Slovenia is comparable with data from other countries. Primary nocturnal enuresis is more frequent in boys than in girls, with higher occurrence in families with more siblings, and parents are more disturbed by the problem than their children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatrics, Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. sem.nina@gmail.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Semolic
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravnikar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meglic
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Japelj-Pavesić
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kenda
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D017524:Slovenia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires