title: Interaction of copper with iron, iodine, and thyroid hormone status in goitrous patients.
abstract: In many developing countries, men and women are at high risk of goiter and iron deficiency. The aim of the recent study is to assess the interaction of (Cu), with iron (Fe), iodine/iodide (I), and thyroid hormones in goitrous patients. Sixty goitrous male (GMPs) and 72 female patients (GFPs) were evaluated for the Cu, Fe, I, and thyroid hormones status in biological samples (serum and urine), and compared to non-goitrous subjects of both genders (M = 106, F = 120). The biological samples were analyzed for Cu and Fe concentration using atomic absorption spectrometer, while I was measured by the potentiometric method, prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion (MD). Quality control for the method was established with certified samples. Significantly higher mean values of Cu in serum, and urine samples of GMPs and GFPs, while lower value of Fe and I were observed as compared to control subjects (p < 0.015), respectively. The mean values of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxin (FT4) were found to be lower in goitrous patients of both genders than in the age-matched healthy controls (p < 0.006 and 0.002), respectively, in contrast high mean values of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were detected in patients (p < 0.009), as compared to non-goitrous subjects. It was observed that the deficiencies of Fe, I, and thyroid hormone in goitrous patients could be influenced by efficiency of Cu.
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Sindh University, Jamshoro, Pakistan. tgkazi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tasneem Gul
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Ghulam Abbas
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kandhro
authors.forename: Hassan Imran
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Jameel Ahmed
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Mohammad Balal
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Arain
authors.forename: Abdul Qadir
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Nasreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: Sham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Nida Fatima
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Kolachi
authors.forename: Sumaira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006042:Goiter / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D003300:Copper; D007455:Iodine; D007501:Iron