Bacillus polyfermenticus ameliorates colonic inflammation by promoting cytoprotective effects in colitic mice.
Although human consumption of Bacillus polyfermenticus provides several health benefits, the probiotic effect of this bacterium against colonic inflammation has not yet, to our knowledge, been studied. Therefore, we induced colitis in mice by oral or intrarectal administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or trinitrobenzenosulfonic acid (TNBS), respectively, and investigated the effect of B. polyfermenticus on colitis. We found that mice treated with DSS or TNBS along with B. polyfermenticus had reduced mortality and severity of colitis (weight loss, diarrhea, and mucosal damages) than mice treated with DSS or TNBS alone. B. polyfermenticus also reduced the expression of inflammatory molecules, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, intercellular adhesion molecule, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but enhanced the expression of the antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in the inflamed mouse colon. Moreover, B. polyfermenticus suppressed apoptosis both in vivo in inflamed colonic mucosa and in vitro in colonic epithelial cells stimulated with apoptosis-inducing agents (FasL or Clostridium difficile Toxin A) when the apoptotic response was determined by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase or caspase-3, respectively. Treating colonic epithelial cells with B. polyfermenticus-conditioned medium (BPCM) enhanced cell proliferation and induced the phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Akt signaling pathway, suggesting that this bacterium can promote epithelial cell proliferation. BPCM also promoted the migration of colonic epithelial cells. These data suggest that B. polyfermenticus ameliorates colonic inflammation by suppressing apoptosis and promoting epithelial cell proliferation and migration.
Im
Eunok
E
Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Choi
Yoon Jeong
YJ
Pothoulakis
Charalabos
C
Rhee
Sang Hoon
SH
D000818:Animals; D001407:Bacillus / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000502:physiology; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*
D016264:Dextran Sulfate
Gastroenterology. 2007 Sep;133(3):875-86
17854595
J Nutr. 2000 Feb;130(2S Suppl):384S-390S
10721912
Gastroenterology. 2002 Jun;122(7):2011-25
12055606
J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 11;279(24):25179-88
15069060
Lett Appl Microbiol. 2001 Mar;32(3):146-51
11264742
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2003 Apr;284(4):C1073-82
12490434
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Apr 28;343(1):69-76
16529714
J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22506-12
12686553
Gastroenterology. 2003 May;124(5):1395-407
12730879
Br J Nutr. 2003 Aug;90(2):449-56
12908907
J Med Food. 2006 Fall;9(3):321-7
17004893
Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Nov;27(21):7551-9
17785439
Gastroenterology. 2004 Nov;127(5):1474-87
15521016
Lancet. 2003 Feb 8;361(9356):512-9
12583961
J Nutr. 2002 May;132(5):893-6
11983809
Am J Pathol. 2000 Mar;156(3):985-96
10702414
Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1655-7
12040186
Nat Protoc. 2007;2(3):541-6
17406617
J Clin Invest. 2007 Dec;117(12):3673-83
18008006
Gastroenterology. 2007 Feb;132(2):562-75
17258729
FASEB J. 1998 Nov;12(14):1571-9
9806766
World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jan 21;14(3):348-53
18200658
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2006 Apr;290(4):C1018-30
16306130
J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 7;281(27):18560-8
16644730
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2006 Jun;35(2):355-65
16880070
J Invest Dermatol. 2007 Mar;127(3):514-25
17299434
Cell. 2004 Jul 23;118(2):229-41
15260992
J Nutr. 1998 Dec;128(12):2313-8
9868175
Infect Immun. 2006 Jul;74(7):4075-82
16790781
Methods. 2001 Dec;25(4):402-8
11846609
Gastroenterology. 2004 Feb;126(2):520-8
14762789
Int J Food Microbiol. 1998 Feb 17;39(3):237-8
9553803
Stem Cell Rev. 2006;2(3):203-12
17625256
Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Mar;30(3):569-74
17329858
Surgery. 2007 Jul;142(1):86-93
17630004
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Sep 20;102(38):13610-5
16157881
Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Jul;28(7):1270-4
15997112