title: Collagen-based cell migration models in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Fibrillar collagen is the most abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) constituent which maintains the structure of most interstitial tissues and organs, including skin, gut, and breast. Density and spatial alignments of the three-dimensional (3D) collagen architecture define mechanical tissue properties, i.e. stiffness and porosity, which guide or oppose cell migration and positioning in different contexts, such as morphogenesis, regeneration, immune response, and cancer progression. To reproduce interstitial cell movement in vitro with high in vivo fidelity, 3D collagen lattices are being reconstituted from extracted collagen monomers, resulting in the re-assembly of a fibrillar meshwork of defined porosity and stiffness. With a focus on tumor invasion studies, we here evaluate different in vitro collagen-based cell invasion models, employing either pepsinized or non-pepsinized collagen extracts, and compare their structure to connective tissue in vivo, including mouse dermis and mammary gland, chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and human dermis. Using confocal reflection and two-photon-excited second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, we here show that, depending on the collagen source, in vitro models yield homogeneous fibrillar texture with a quite narrow range of pore size variation, whereas all in vivo scaffolds comprise a range from low- to high-density fibrillar networks and heterogeneous pore sizes within the same tissue. Future in-depth comparison of structure and physical properties between 3D ECM-based models in vitro and in vivo are mandatory to better understand the mechanisms and limits of interstitial cell movements in distinct tissue environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. k.wolf@ncmls.ru.nl
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schacht
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Coussens
authors.forename: Ulrich H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: von Andrian
authors.forename: Jacco
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Rheenen
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deryugina
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Friedl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen
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