title: Students' attitudes to the communications employed during an outbreak of meningococcal disease in a UK school: a qualitative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Following an outbreak of meningococcal disease in a school in the North West of England, the communication methods employed by the Health Protection Agency (HPA) were evaluated in order to explore ways of improving communication with the public.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative questionnaires were distributed to Year 12 (sixth form) students. The Framework approach was used to analyse the data, which were coded, and emergent themes identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the absence of clear communication from official sources, many participants suggested that circulating rumours caused confusion and anxiety in the student population. Rumours were spread through informal networks in person or through text and MSN messaging. It was generally perceived that accurate information in this period would have been useful to allay potentially unfounded anxiety. Most students surveyed reported that they were sufficiently aware of the situation prior to receiving official announcements. The information provided by the HPA through the school was generally perceived as being useful, but it came too late.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In outbreak situations, rumours will spread rapidly in the absence of early communication, and this can be a significant cause of anxiety. The use of digital communication strategies should be considered, since they can seed dependable information that will disseminate rapidly through peer groups.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health, School of Population, Community and Behavioural Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK. dctr@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taylor-Robinson
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Elders
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Milton
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thurston
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003142:Communication; D003221:Confusion / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006077:Government Agencies / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D008297:Male; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012572:School Health Services; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires