title: Effect of a fluoride- and bromide-containing adhesive system on enamel around composite restorations under high cariogenic challenge in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a novel antibacterial and fluoride-releasing adhesive formulation on enamel demineralization under sucrose exposure in situ (simulating high caries risk conditions).
  
  
  METHODS
  This crossover, blind study was performed in two phases of 14 days. Volunteers (n = 14) wore an intraoral appliance containing four bovine enamel blocks with cavity preparations restored using self-etching primers/composite resin (Clearfil SE Bond or Clearfil Protect Bond/Clearfil AP-X). The volunteers dropped 20% sucrose solution 8x/day and used fluoridated dentifrice 3x/day. After 14 days, enamel mineral loss was assessed by cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH), and the demineralization areas in enamel adjacent to the restoration were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarizing light microscopy (PLM). The CSMH data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enamel blocks restored with Clearfil Protect Bond showed higher mineral content (%vol) adjacent to restorations than Clearfil SE Bond only for the first site of microhardness measurement and close to enamel surface (20 microm). SEM and PLM analysis suggested that the Clearfil Protect Bond adhesive promoted less enamel demineralization around restorations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 14 days of cariogenic challenge, the findings suggested that Clearfil Protect Bond might help to control the demineralization around restorations in cases of high caries risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Franco
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Adriana Franco
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Paes Leme
authors.forename: Gláucia Maria Bovi
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ambrosano
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giannini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001965:Bromides / Q000737:chemistry*; D002326:Cariogenic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003733:Dental Caries Susceptibility; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013395:Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001965:Bromides; D002326:Cariogenic Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; C112828:Clearfil AP-X; C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; D013395:Sucrose; D005459:Fluorides