title: Genomic alterations in tumor stroma.
abstract: It was traditionally believed that the tumor was the seed that lay in the passive soil of the microenvironment, with the latter providing "permissive elements" for the tumor to grow and invade. Subsequently, it was recognized that both neoplasia and its microenvironment interacted as equal partners. Recent advances addressing genomic alterations in the tumor microenvironment, relevant to clinical outcome and treatment choices, are summarized. These include microenvironmental genomic alterations not only in different solid tumors, but also, rather surprisingly, in inflammatory bowel disease. These observations promise new biomarkers of prognosis and a new compartment to target therapy.
authors.affiliation: Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute and Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. engc@ccf.org
authors.forename: Charis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Mohammed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Orloff
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000235:genetics*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor