title: Long-term outcome and management of hepatopulmonary syndrome in children.
abstract: We aim to report a single center experience of the management and long term outcome of HPS in pediatric liver transplant recipients. A retrospective review of children with HPS from 1990 to 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  liver disease or portal hypertension, hypoxemia (PaO(2) < 70 mmHg or SaO(2) < 95%) and intrapulmonary shunting documented by macroaggregated albumin scan ratio of >4% (classified mild group [<20%], moderate group [20-40%] and severe group [>40%]). Resolution of HPS post-liver transplant was defined as PaO(2) > 70 mmHg or SaO(2) > 95%. Eighteen children (six male [34%], median age at diagnosis of HPS 8.6 [1-15.5] yr) had HPS: biliary atresia (n = 8), idiopathic biliary cirrhosis (n = 4), progressive intrahepatic cholestasis (n = 2), miscellaneous (n = 4). The majority had mild shunting (n = 8). Fourteen underwent transplantation with resolution of HPS in 13. Six developed complications: hepatic artery thrombosis (n = 4), biliary (n = 2). Four children died (28%), two pretransplant. There was a tendency towards shunt fraction worsening to a slower degree over time. One-yr survival rate post-transplant was 93%. Median PaO(2) was significantly lower in non-survivors compared to survivors (43 vs. 55.2 mmHg, p = 0.03). There was correlation between oxygen parameters pretransplant and time to HPS resolution post-transplant. HPS is reversible after transplant, but is associated with increasing mortality and morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Liver Centre, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Abdulrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Hussaini
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samyn
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rela
authors.forename: Giorgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mieli-Vergani
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhawan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D020065:Hepatopulmonary Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome