Imaging the molecular signatures of apoptosis and injury with radiolabeled annexin V.
Annexin V is a ubiquitous intracellular protein in humans that has a variety of intriguing characteristics, including a nanomolar affinity for the membrane-bound constitutive anionic phospholipid known as phosphatidylserine (PS). PS is selectively expressed on the surface of apoptotic or physiologically stressed cells. As such, radiolabeled forms of annexin V have been used in both animal models and human Phase I and Phase II trials to determine if this tracer can be employed as an early surrogate marker of therapeutic efficacy in NSCLC and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Many other pulmonary imaging applications of radiolabeled annexin V are also possible, including the detection and monitoring of active pulmonary inflammation and other pathophysiologic stressors in a variety of diseases. In this article, the salient molecular features of apoptosis (and other forms of cell death) that permits imaging with radiolabeled annexin V will be discussed. The latest results from Phase II imaging trials with NSCLC and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma will be also be detailed. Finally, the potential future application of this tracer for the imaging of other pulmonary pathologies will be outlined.
Blankenberg
Francis G
FG
Department of Radiology/Division of Pediatric Radiology, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, California, USA. blankenb@stanford.edu
D017304:Annexin A5; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001343:Autophagy; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
D017304:Annexin A5; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
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