title: Incidence and progression of coronary calcification in chronic kidney disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
abstract: We studied the incidence and progression of coronary artery calcification in people with early chronic kidney disease. We used a cohort of 562 adult patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), in a community-based study of people without clinical cardiovascular disease, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. The majority had stage 3 disease. Coronary artery calcification was measured at baseline and again approximately 1.6 or 3.2 years later. The prevalence of coronary artery calcification at baseline was 66%, and its adjusted prevalence was 24% lower in African Americans as compared to Caucasians. The incidence of coronary artery calcification was 6.1% per year in women and 14.8% in men. Coronary artery calcification progressed in approximately 17% of subjects per year across all subgroups, and diabetes was associated with a 65% greater adjusted risk of progression. Male gender and diabetes were the only factors associated with adjusted coronary artery calcification incidence and progression, respectively. Our study shows that coronary artery calcification is common in people with stage 3 disease, progresses rapidly, and may contribute to cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104-2499, USA. brk@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Bryan R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kestenbaum
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Adeney
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Joachim H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ix
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Shlipak
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Siscovick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001741:Black or African American
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