title: Intermediate chains of exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus rhamnosus RW-9595M increase IL-10 production by macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the immunosuppressive properties of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) from high-EPS producer Lactobacillus rhamnosus RW-9595M on inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The conditioned media (CM) were produced by macrophages treated with parental Lact. rhamnosus ATCC 9595 and its isogenic variant, the high-EPS producer Lact. rhamnosus RW-9595M, and the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 were evaluated. Results revealed that CM from parental Lact. rhamnosus induced higher levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-12 but inhibited IL-10 production, whereas its mucous variant induced low or no TNF-alpha and IL-6. Addition of purified EPS to macrophages treated with parental Lact. rhamnosus decreased the inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the metabolic activity of lymphocytes. The intermediate polysaccharide chains (16-30 units) produced by time-controlled hydrolysis of EPS increased the IL-10 produced by macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polysaccharide chains of EPS induced immunosuppression by the production of macrophagic anti-inflammatory IL-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the EPS from Lact. rhamnosus RW-9595M may be useful as a new immunosuppressive product in dairy food.
authors.affiliation: Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bleau
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monges
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rashidan
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Laverdure
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: M-R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Van Calsteren
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Millette
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Savard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lamontagne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D005260:Female; D056747:Immunomodulation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12