title: Selective and graded recruitment of cat hamstring muscles with intrafascicular stimulation.
abstract: The muscles of the hamstring group can produce different combinations of hip and knee torque. Thus, the ability to activate the different hamstring muscles selectively is of particular importance in eliciting functional movements such as stance and gait in a person with spinal cord injury. We investigated the ability of intrafascicular stimulation of the muscular branch of the sciatic nerve to recruit the feline hamstring muscles in a selective and graded fashion. A Utah Slanted Electrode Array, consisting of 100 penetrating microelectrodes, was implanted into the muscular branch of the sciatic nerve in six cats. Muscle twitches were evoked in the three compartments of biceps femoris (anterior, middle, and posterior), as well as semitendinosus and semimembranosus, using pulse-width modulated constant-voltage pulses. The resultant compound muscle action potentials were recorded using intramuscular fine-wire electrodes. 74% of the electrodes per implant were able to evoke a threshold response in these muscles, and these electrodes were evenly distributed among the instrumented muscles. Of the five muscles instrumented, on average 2.5 could be selectively activated to 90% of maximum EMG, and 3.5 could be selectively activated to 50% of maximum EMG. The muscles were recruited selectively with a mean stimulus dynamic range of 4.14 +/- 5.05 dB between threshold and either spillover to another muscle or a plateau in the response. This selective and graded activation afforded by intrafascicular stimulation of the muscular branch of the sciatic nerve suggests that it is a potentially useful stimulation paradigm for eliciting distinct forces in the hamstring muscle group in motor neuroprosthetic applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. brett.dowden@utah.edu
authors.forename: Brett R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Dowden
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wilder
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hiatt
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Normann
authors.forename: Nicholas A T
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D011999:Recruitment, Neurophysiological / Q000502:physiology*; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000502:physiology*