title: A novel organotypic model mimics the tumor microenvironment.
abstract: Carcinoma cell invasion is traditionally studied in three-dimensional organotypic models composed of type I collagen and fibroblasts. However, carcinoma cell behavior is affected by the various cell types and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, a novel organotypic model based on human uterine leiomyoma tissue was established and characterized to create a more authentic environment for carcinoma cells. Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC-3) were cultured on top of either collagen or myoma. Organotypic sections were examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The maximal invasion depth of HSC-3 cells was markedly increased in myomas compared with collagen. In myomas, various cell types and ECM components were present, and the HSC-3 cells only expressed ECM molecules in the myoma model. Organotypic media were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, zymography, or Western blotting. During carcinoma cell invasion, matrix metalloprotease-9 production and collagen degradation were enhanced particularly in the myoma model. To evaluate the general applicability of the myoma model, several oral carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and melanoma cell lines were cultured on myomas and found to invade in highly distinct patterns. We conclude that myoma tissue mimics the native tumor microenvironment better than previous organotypic models and possibly enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Thus, the myoma model provides a promising tool for analyzing the behavior of carcinoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. tuula.salo@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Sini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nurmenniemi
authors.forename: Teemu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sinikumpu
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alahuhta
authors.forename: Sirpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.forename: Meeri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sutinen
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santala
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Risteli
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salo
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003094:Collagen; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
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