title: Enhanced developmental potential of heat-shocked porcine parthenogenetic embryos is related to accelerated mitogen-activated protein kinase dephosphorylation.
abstract: Recently, we demonstrated that a 9-h heat shock of 42 degrees C can have marked stimulatory effects on porcine parthenogenetic embryo development if applied immediately after oocyte activation. Developmental discrepancies between heat-shocked (HS) and non-HS embryos were manifest as early as 3 h after activation, suggesting involvement of maturation promoting factor (MPF) and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Analysis of cdc2 kinase activity showed that MPF inactivation occurred at similar rates in HS and control embryos upon oocyte activation. However, MAPK dephosphorylation was accelerated in HS embryos compared with controls. Okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, maintained MAPK activity at high levels in both non-HS and HS embryos and sensitised HS embryos to the effects of elevated temperatures. No increase in heat shock proteins was observed in pronuclear-stage HS embryos. These data suggest that the acceleration of development observed in HS porcine parthenogenetic embryos is associated with a precocious inactivation of the MAPK signalling cascade. The faster cleavage divisions observed in HS embryos may be linked physiologically to their enhanced developmental potential in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA. isoms@missouri.edu
authors.forename: S Clay
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Isom
authors.forename: Randall S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Prather
authors.forename: Edmund B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rucker Iii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D016200:Maturation-Promoting Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D010312:Parthenogenesis; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D016200:Maturation-Promoting Factor; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases