title: Cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive and nearly always fatal tumor of the biliary tract.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This review explores risk factors, epidemiology, current diagnostic approaches, and treatment of CCA arising in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We review latest recommendations about screening strategies to enable the early detection of CCA in PSC, using CA 19-9 and ultrasound imaging, as well as fluorescent in situ hybridization techniques to enhance the accuracy of biliary cytology. We also review the emerging role of liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 20 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Keith D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lindor
mesh_terms: D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000473:pathology*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000150:complications; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans
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