title: Suppression of human cortico-motoneuronal excitability during the Stop-signal task.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether motor suppression is an active process, and to clarify its somatotopic organization, we investigated cortico-motoneuronal excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during the Stop-signal task.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were asked to press a button following a Go cue; a Stop-signal followed the Go cue by a certain time delay in 25% of trials, indicating to subjects that they were not to press the button. TMS was given to the primary motor area of the left or right-hand or leg at variable time delays. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the hand and leg muscles bilaterally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When TMS was delivered 400 ms after the Go cue, there was significant suppression of the MEPs of the bilateral hand and leg muscles during successful Stop trials, but not during failed Stop trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The voluntary stopping of movement in the Stop-signal task is an active process, which likely suppresses not only the cortico-motoneuronal excitability of the task-performing hand, but also causes the widespread suppression of the motor system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies in the normal physiology of response inhibition would be of help in understanding the pathophysiology of neuro-psychiatric disorders associated with deficits in motor suppression.
authors.affiliation: Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawaahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Reda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Badry
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mima
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakatsuka
authors.forename: Mitsunari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fathi
authors.forename: Nageh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foly
authors.forename: Hamdy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagiub
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagamine
authors.forename: Hidenao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004576:Electromyography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation