title: In vivo insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein particle size and concentration in black and white children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine sex-specific black/white differences in lipoprotein profile and the role of visceral adiposity and to assess the relationship between insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein profiles in each group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting lipoprotein particle size and concentration and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were determined in 226 children (117 black, 101 male) aged 8 to <18 years. The relationship between lipoproteins and insulin sensitivity was evaluated in a subset of 194 children (100 black, 88 male) who underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Black male children had smaller VLDL and black female children had larger HDL size than their white counterparts. Overall, blacks had larger LDL size with no sex-specific race differences. After adjusting for VAT and sex, only VLDL size and concentrations remained significantly favorable in blacks. Analysis of lipoprotein particle size and concentration across insulin sensitivity quartiles revealed that in both racial groups, the most insulin-resistant children had higher concentrations of small dense LDL, small HDL, and large VLDL and smaller LDL and HDL sizes than their more insulin-sensitive counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The previously reported favorable lipoprotein profiles in black versus white children is partly due to race differences in VAT. In both groups, however, the most insulin-resistant youths have a high-risk atherogenic profile of small dense LDL, small HDL, and large VLDL, akin to the atherogenic lipoprotein pattern in adults with coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: SoJung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Silva A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Arslanian
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000293:Adolescent; D044383:Black People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D010316:Particle Size; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055105:Waist Circumference; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008074:Lipoproteins
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