title: Serum relaxin levels are reduced in pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage, and correlate with maternal uterine artery Doppler indices in first trimester.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Defective implantation is a mechanism for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We sought to determine whether the serum expression of human relaxin-2 (RLX) is impaired in women with a history of RPL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Employing a prospective case-controlled design we studied 20 pregnant women with a history of RPL and 20 age-matched women with no history of RPL (NRPL). We measured serum relaxin-2 levels by ELISA at 6-8, 10-12, 20, and 34 weeks gestation and in cord blood, and maternal uterine artery Doppler resistance index (RI) at >or=10 weeks gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relaxin rose to a peak at 12 weeks, and gradually declined towards term. At all gestations, women with a history of RPL had lower RLX levels than women without. At 10-12 weeks gestation, uterine artery RI correlated with serum RLX for both RPL and NRPL. In the NRPL group at 10-12 weeks the presence of a notched waveform was associated with higher RLX levels than the absence of a notch (mean 2.1 ng/ml vs. 1.3 ng/ml, P<0.05) and also at 20 weeks (2.1 ng/ml vs. 0.95 ng/ml, P<0.05) but no such difference was seen in the RPL group. Umbilical venous RLX was 4-fold higher in the RPL group than the NRPL group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with a history of RPL demonstrate attenuated levels of serum RLX across all pregnancy trimesters. How dysregulated RLX metabolism may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcome in RPL requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK. d.o.c.anumba@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Dilly O C
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Anumba
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: El Gelany
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Tin C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D016015:Logistic Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012065:Relaxin / Q000097:blood*; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012065:Relaxin