title: Graves' ophthalmopathy and gene polymorphisms in interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-1 receptor and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is known to have an important role in pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Polymorphisms in IL-1 gene have been associated with autoimmune reactions. This study aimed to investigate the association of GO with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-1 family (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor [IL-1R] and IL-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA]).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 57 patients of Graves' disease without GO, 50 patients with GO and 140 healthy controls were enrolled. Patients were recruited consecutively from the outpatient endocrine clinic of a large university general hospital. Cytokine typing was performed by the polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers assay. The allele and genotype frequencies of the following polymorphisms were determined: IL-1alpha (-889C/T), IL-1beta (-511C/T), IL-1beta (+3962C/T), IL-1R (Pst-1 1970C/T) and IL-1RA (Mspa-1 11100C/T). Genotype distributions among patients were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the five SNPs studied, the frequencies of the T allele and the TT genotype of IL-1alpha (-889C/T) were significantly higher among patients with GO than those without GO (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25-3.74; P = 0.006 and 5.67, 95% CI = 1.66-49.34; P = 0.005, respectively). For IL-1RA (Mspa-1 11100C/T), the frequencies of the C allele and the CC genotype were significantly higher among patients with GO (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.34-4.00; P = 0.004 and 6.73 95% CI = 1.94-23.36; P = 0.004, respectively; P < 0.01). No significant association was found for other SNPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to show a positive correlation between polymorphisms in the IL-1alpha and IL-1RA genes and susceptibility to GO. These findings promote further research into genetic correlates of GO.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khalilzadeh
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anvari
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteghamati
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahvildari
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashidi
authors.forename: Farideh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khosravi
authors.forename: Aliakbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amirzargar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1