title: The comparison of the effects of anesthetic doses of ketamine, propofol, and etomidate on ischemia-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle.
abstract: The fact that a considerable amount of clinical conditions suffering from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) occur under general anesthesia has triggered researchers to focus on the effects of anesthetic drugs on IRI. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the use of different anesthetic drugs in a skeletal IRI model. Tourniquet IRI method was performed and two experimental groups were established as sham-control and IRI group. Rats in each group were anesthetized either with thiopental, ketamine, propofol or etomidate. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were measured in skeletal muscle via a spectrophotometer. Zinc, iron, copper, and selenium were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In rats anesthetized with thiopental (40 mg/kg, i.p.), malondialdehyde values in IRI group were higher and glutathion peroxidase levels were lower compared to sham-control group. However, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were identical. On the other hand, while the level of zinc in IRI group attenuated, no differences in iron and copper values were determined. Rats anesthetized with ketamine (60 mg/kg), propofol (100 mg/kg), or etomidate (20 mg/kg) did not show increased malondialdehyde levels in comparison with control levels. While the drugs did not cause a distinction in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathion peroxidase, iron, and copper, zinc was in a lower level in IRI group compared to sham-control. In conclusion, ketamine, propofol, and etomidate, with anesthetic doses, denoted efficacious effects on IRI; hence the drugs might be preferred in certain operations with the risk of IRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Kahramanmaraş SütçüImam University, Turkey. yusufergun@ksu.edu.tr <yusufergun@ksu.edu.tr>
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ergün
authors.forename: Sacide
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Darendeli
authors.forename: Seçil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imrek
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kilinç
authors.forename: Hafize
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oksüz
mesh_terms: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005045:Etomidate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013874:Thiopental / Q000494:pharmacology; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine; D015032:Zinc; D013874:Thiopental; D015742:Propofol; D005045:Etomidate