Three-dimensional integrated microfluidic architectures enabled through electrically switchable nanocapillary array membranes.
The extension of microfluidic devices to three dimensions requires innovative methods to interface fluidic layers. Externally controllable interconnects employing nanocapillary array membranes (NCAMs) have been exploited to produce hybrid three-dimensional fluidic architectures capable of performing linked sequential chemical manipulations of great power and utility. Because the solution Debye length, kappa(-1), is of the order of the channel diameter, a, in the nanopores, fluidic transfer is controlled through applied bias, polarity and density of the immobile nanopore surface charge, solution ionic strength and the impedance of the nanopore relative to the microfluidic channels. Analyte transport between vertically separated microchannels can be saturated at two stable transfer levels, corresponding to reverse and forward bias. These NCAM-mediated integrated microfluidic architectures have been used to achieve highly reproducible and tunable injections down to attoliter volumes, sample stacking for preconcentration, preparative analyte band collection from an electrophoretic separation, and an actively-tunable size-dependent transport in hybrid structures with grafted polymers displaying thermally-regulated swelling behavior. The synthetic elaboration of the nanopore interior has also been used to great effect to realize molecular separations of high efficiency. All of these manipulations depend critically on the transport properties of individual nanocapillaries, and the study of transport in single nanopores has recently attracted significant attention. Both computation and experimental studies have utilized single nanopores as test beds to understand the fundamental chemical and physical properties of chemistry and fluid flow at nanometer length scales.
Gatimu
E N
EN
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556.
King
T L
TL
Sweedler
J V
JV
Bohn
P W
PW
Nano Lett. 2005 Sep;5(9):1638-42
16159198
Analyst. 2003 Jun;128(6):537-42
12866863
Anal Chem. 2003 Dec 15;75(24):6861-7
14670046
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 May 15;39(10):3756-61
15952382
Langmuir. 2007 Jan 2;23(1):305-11
17190519
Langmuir. 2005 Mar 1;21(5):1979-85
15723498
Anal Chem. 2006 Jun 15;78(12):3887-908
16771530
Anal Chem. 2003 Apr 15;75(8):1861-7
12713044
Lab Chip. 2006 May;6(5):667-74
16652183
Anal Chem. 2003 May 15;75(10):2224-30
12918959
Electrophoresis. 2005 Dec;26(24):4684-90
16278909
Phys Rev Lett. 2004 May 14;92(19):198301
15169453
Anal Chem. 2001 Feb 15;73(4):768-75
11248891
Langmuir. 2004 Aug 3;20(16):6940-5
15274607
Anal Chem. 2005 Jul 15;77(14):4293-9
16013838
J Am Chem Soc. 2005 Oct 12;127(40):13928-33
16201814
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2004 Mar 26;43(14):1862-5
15054797
Anal Chem. 2004 Nov 1;76(21):6419-25
15516136
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004 Apr;64(3):289-99
14714150
Nature. 1999 Apr 22;398(6729):686-90
10227291
Science. 1993 Aug 13;261(5123):895-7
17783736
J Chem Phys. 2005 Dec 22;123(24):244907
16396573
Analyst. 2006 Jan;131(1):41-7
16365661
Science. 2000 May 12;288(5468):1026-9
10807568