Changes in community structure of sediment bacteria along the Florida coastal everglades marsh-mangrove-seagrass salinity gradient.
Community structure of sediment bacteria in the Everglades freshwater marsh, fringing mangrove forest, and Florida Bay seagrass meadows were described based on polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) patterns of 16S rRNA gene fragments and by sequencing analysis of DGGE bands. The DGGE patterns were correlated with the environmental variables by means of canonical correspondence analysis. There was no significant trend in the Shannon-Weiner index among the sediment samples along the salinity gradient. However, cluster analysis based on DGGE patterns revealed that the bacterial community structure differed according to sites. Not only were these salinity/vegetation regions distinct but the sediment bacteria communities were consistently different along the gradient from freshwater marsh, mangrove forest, eastern-central Florida Bay, and western Florida Bay. Actinobacteria- and Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi-like DNA sequences were amplified throughout all sampling sites. More Chloroflexi and members of candidate division WS3 were found in freshwater marsh and mangrove forest sites than in seagrass sites. The appearance of candidate division OP8-like DNA sequences in mangrove sites distinguished these communities from those of freshwater marsh. The seagrass sites were characterized by reduced presence of bands belonging to Chloroflexi with increased presence of those bands related to Cyanobacteria, gamma-Proteobacteria, Spirochetes, and Planctomycetes. This included the sulfate-reducing bacteria, which are prevalent in marine environments. Clearly, bacterial communities in the sediment were different along the gradient, which can be explained mainly by the differences in salinity and total phosphorus.
Ikenaga
Makoto
M
Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Guevara
Rafael
R
Dean
Amanda L
AL
Pisani
Cristina
C
Boyer
Joseph N
JN
D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D044822:Biodiversity; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005431:Florida; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D006109:Poaceae / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D043982:Rhizophoraceae / Q000382:microbiology; D054712:Salinity; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014871:Water Microbiology; D053833:Wetlands
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D010758:Phosphorus
Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci. 1997;25:403-34
11540735
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Mar;68(3):1468-72
11872504
Microb Ecol. 2005 Jan;49(1):50-62
15690227
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 May;69(5):2448-62
12732510
Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1064-6
12004116
Microbiology (Reading). 1999 Nov;145 ( Pt 11):3305-3315
10589740
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2004 Nov;86(4):317-28
15702384
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2003 Jul 1;45(2):135-45
19719624
J Environ Qual. 2003 Jan-Feb;32(1):344-62
12549575
J Bacteriol. 1998 Jan;180(2):366-76
9440526
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Oct;61(10):3695-700
7487005
Microb Ecol. 2007 Aug;54(2):374-83
17308951
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2007 Oct;62(1):108-17
17825072
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Oct;68(10):5142-50
12324365
Environ Microbiol. 2004 Jun;6(6):622-37
15142251
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Apr;63(4):1505-14
9097448
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Oct;69(10):6189-200
14532080
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2007 Aug;61(2):337-47
17651137
Res Microbiol. 2000 Apr;151(3):167-77
10865943
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Jun;43(6):1366-72
16346032
Electrophoresis. 1998 Apr;19(4):554-68
9588802
Adv Microb Physiol. 2003;47:1-64
14560662
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Dec;63(12):4679-85
16535749
Comput Appl Biosci. 1994 Sep;10(5):569-70
7828077
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jan;66(1):284-9
10618237
Extremophiles. 1998 Aug;2(3):269-77
9783174
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 23;93(15):7979-84
8755588
Microbiol Rev. 1987 Jun;51(2):221-71
2439888
Microbes Environ. 2008;23(4):277-84
21558719
J Environ Qual. 2005 Jan-Feb;34(1):217-26
15647552
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Mar;69(3):1800-9
12620873
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Mar;59(3):695-700
7683183
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Jul;74(14):4516-29
18515485
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Apr;57(4):1102-8
2059035
J Bacteriol. 1998 Sep;180(18):4765-74
9733676
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2002 Aug;81(1-4):181-7
12448716
Environ Microbiol. 1999 Feb;1(1):65-74
11207719
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Oct;68(10):5005-11
12324350
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Dec;68(12):6129-37
12450837
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2005 Mar 1;52(1):115-28
16329898
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Apr;70(4):2323-31
15066828
Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Dec 15;25(24):4876-82
9396791
Environ Microbiol. 2006 Apr;8(4):684-96
16584480
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Mar;70(3):1494-505
15006771
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 19;100(17):10020-5
12917486
Environ Microbiol. 2007 Jan;9(1):46-60
17227411
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2008 Oct;66(1):96-109
18537833
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 May;69(5):2463-83
12732511