title: New hospital payment systems: comparing medical strategies in The Netherlands, Germany and England.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper seeks to identify different medical strategies adopted in relation to the new hospital payment systems in Germany, The Netherlands and England and analyse how the medical strategies have impacted on the emergence of these New Public Management policy tools between 2002 and 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparative approach is applied. In addition to secondary sources, the study uses publications in professional journals, official publications of the (national) physician organisations and a (non-random) expert questionnaire to obtain the views of the medical corporate bodies in the three countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results reveal differences in the medical strategies in the three countries that point towards the significance of institutional and interest configurations. The Dutch corporate medical body was most willing to solve the conflict, while the German and English corporate medical bodies seem to be keen to use a strategy of confrontation. The differences in medical strategies also impact on the ways in which hospital payment systems have emerged in the three countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research is necessary to study the medical strategies in healthcare reforms from a broader perspective, for instance by including other countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paper gives insights into the interplay between the medical profession and the government in the context of new managerial governance practices in the hospital sector. It adds to the scholarly debates about the role of the medical profession in health policy-making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Political Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. am.van.essen@fsw.vu.nl
authors.forename: Anne Marije
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Essen
mesh_terms: D004739:England; D005377:Financial Management, Hospital / Q000379:methods*; D005858:Germany; D006291:Health Policy; D009426:Netherlands; D010934:Planning Techniques; D020399:Practice Management; D012051:Reimbursement Mechanisms