title: [Prevention and management of blindness following endonasal sinus surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the causes and the management of serious eye complications occurring in the endoscopic sinus surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients of chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps suffered with blindness in endoscopic sinus surgery and in nasal packing with iodoform and petrolatum gauze were treated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Orbital wall and structure were injured in 2 cases during endoscopic sinus surgery, among which, 1 case blinded with deformation of the eyeball during operation underwent optic nerve exploration and orbital muscle reparation immediately. One case developed periocular swelling, eyelid hematoma, conjunctiva edema and blinded 2 days later, and was treated with hematoma clearance and optic nerve decompression. Another 1 case blinded immediately after ethmoid packing, and vision recovered after nasal pack removed. Antibiotics, corticosteroid and nerve growth factor were administered for 4 weeks in all patients. After 6-month follow-up, 1 case was blinded with eyeball atrophy, 1 case was only photonasty, another regained normal vision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The causes of blindness in endoscopic sinus surgery are directly related to orbital structure trauma and orbital hematoma. The optic nerve during operation should be protected carefully, if ethmoid sinus over development is demonstrated by CT scan. The application of gauze should be avoided when the medial orbital wall is injured. Decompression of optic nerve should be performed as early as possible, if vision damaged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China. liyouzhong196311@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Youzhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yongde
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xinghong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Yunkai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xinming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001766:Blindness / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*