title: Use of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in pulmonary metastases from renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been demonstrated in recent studies to produce good long-term survival outcomes. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may offer an alternative treatment option for this group of patients, especially for those who are unable to have surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients had a total of 23 pulmonary metastases treated with percutaneous RFA under fluoro-computed tomography (CT) guidance. Patients underwent routine overnight hospitalization and monitoring for other potential complications. CT scans were performed at 1 month after the procedure and at 3-monthly intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 25 ablations were performed to 23 pulmonary metastases for our nine patients in 12 RFA sessions. No patient died within 30 days of the procedure. Five of the 12 procedures resulted in a pneumothorax (42%) and 3 required insertion of a Pleurocath. One patient had a bronchopulmonary fistula with an associated small pleural effusion and one patient had pneumonia. Of the 25 ablations, 14 lesions had decreased in size (56%), 1 was stable in size (4%), and 9 had increased in size (36%). One patient had deceased before adequate follow-up. Of the nine patients, two are alive and free of disease (mean survival time of 74 months), two are alive with disease (mean survival time of 16 months), and five have died of disease (mean survival time of 26.2 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RFA offers a treatment alternative for local tumor control, particularly in selected patients with multiple, small lesions who are unsuitable for pulmonary resections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. andy.huo@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shu Yan Huo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lawson Morris
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glenn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome