title: A narrative review of medical, chiropractic, and alternative health practices in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary dysmenorrhea and related issues are discussed as they influence the gynecological and social health of females during adolescence, adulthood, and senior maturity. Health practitioners are exposed to multiple approaches towards the management of menstrual pain. Clinical and social viewpoints target the causation, development, diagnosis, manifestation and management of primary dysmenorrhea. This narrative review includes the topic of the doctor-patient relationship in efforts of cultivating effectively communicative health practitioners. Controversial topics related to primary dysmenorrhea and the quality of life for women are addressed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search for literature reviews, case studies, laboratory research, and clinical trials from 1985-2004 was performed using the MEDLINE database. Sources of additional information included textbooks, national organizational literature and contemporary articles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Menstrual pain is a prevalent experience yet it is socially taboo for conversation; as such, it poses a hindrance to its management. The communication between the doctor and patient is a critical barrier point between establishing a diagnosis and determining an appropriate treatment plan. A multi-disciple treatment plan varies as much as patients themselves vary in personal experiences, needs, and preferences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medicinal prophylactics, physical therapeutics, non-acidic diets, herbal supplements, eastern therapies and the chiropractic manual adjustments of the spine are effective methods for the management of primary dysmenorrhea. The non-invasive management of primary dysmenorrhea includes the chiropractic adjustment with complimentary modalities, and other alternative health care practices. Medicinal prophylactics are invasive and pose a higher risk to long-term chemical exposure, side effects or irreversible conditions.
authors.affiliation: Chiropractic student, Logan Chiropractic College, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Lolita G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Spears
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