title: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of trigeminal chemosensation.
abstract: Three sensory systems, olfaction, taste, and somatosensation, are dedicated to the detection of chemicals in the environment. Trigeminal somatosensory neurons enable us to detect a wide range of environmental stimuli, including pressure, temperature, and chemical irritants, within the oral and nasal mucosa. Natural plant-derived irritants have served as powerful pharmacological tools for identifying receptors underlying somatosensation. This is illustrated by the use of capsaicin, menthol, and wasabi to identify the heat-sensitive ion channel TRPV1, the cold-sensitive ion channel TRPM8, and the irritant receptor TRPA1, respectively. In addition to TRP channels, members of the two-pore potassium channel family have also been implicated in trigeminal chemosensation. KCNK18 was recently identified as a target for hydroxy-alpha-sanshool, the tingling and numbing compound produced in Schezuan peppers and other members of the Xanthoxylum genus. The role of these channels in trigeminal thermosensation and pain will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3200, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gerhold
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bautista
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008610:Menthol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009149:Mustard Plant; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D055697:Taste Perception; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D010938:Plant Oils; D008610:Menthol; C100574:sanshool; D002211:Capsaicin; C027793:mustard oil
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