title: A cytokine immunosensor for Multiple Sclerosis detection based upon label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using electroplated printed circuit board electrodes.
abstract: A biosensor for the serum cytokine, Interleukin-12 (IL-12), based upon a label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) monitoring approach is described. Overexpression of IL-12 has been correlated to the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). An immunosensor has been fabricated by electroplating gold onto a disposable printed circuit board (PCB) electrode and immobilizing anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) onto the surface of the electrode. This approach yields a robust sensor that facilitates reproducible mass fabrication and easy alteration of the electrode shape. Results indicate that this novel PCB sensor can detect IL-12 at physiological levels, <100 fM with f-values of 0.05 (typically <0.0001) in a label-free and rapid manner. A linear (with respect to log concentration) detectable range was achieved. Detection in a complex biological solution is also explored; however, significant loss of dynamic range is noted in the 100% complex solution. The cost effective approach described here can be used potentially for diagnosis of diseases (like MS) with known biomarkers in body fluids and for monitoring physiological levels of biomolecules with healthcare, food, and environmental relevance.
authors.affiliation: Biodesign Institute and Harrington Department of Bioengineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
authors.forename: Kinjal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhavsar
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fairchild
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alonas
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: La Belle
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Alford
authors.forename: Lokesh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014159:Transducers
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines