title: Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) commonly occurs in Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI and can have a considerable impact on quality of life. The majority of cases will improve spontaneously, but this can take months or even years to resolve and in some cases can be permanent. Treatment may be prolonged, lasting 6 to 12 months or longer for adequate restoration of normal pigmentation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the etiology, pathogenesis, and current therapy options for patients with PIH.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review is the outcome of a workshop that discussed literature reports of research and developments in the treatment of PIH and associated disease and current clinical practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combination products containing hydroquinone and retinoids appear to be the most beneficial treatment options, although there are few evidence-based studies for PIH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More randomized controlled clinical studies in large numbers of PIH patients are needed to provide standardized measurable outcomes in this indication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, and the Skin of Color Center, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Pearl
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sungbin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lui
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000502:physiology