title: Constitutive androstane receptor transcriptionally activates human CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes through a common regulatory element in the 5'-flanking region.
abstract: Phenobarbital has long been known to increase cellular levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 possibly through a pathway(s) independent of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. We have investigated the role of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a xenobiotic-responsive nuclear receptor, in the transactivation of human CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. These genes are located in a head-to-head orientation, sharing a 5'-flanking region. Reporter assays were thus performed with dual-reporter constructs, containing the whole or partially deleted human CYP1A promoter between two different reporter genes. In this system, human CAR (hCAR) enhanced the transcription of both genes through common promoter regions from -461 to -554 and from -18089 to -21975 of CYP1A1. With reporter assays using additional deleted and mutated constructs, electrophoresis mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, an ER8 motif (everted repeat separated by eight nucleotides), located at around -520 of CYP1A1, was identified as an hCAR-responsive element and a binding motif of hCAR/human retinoid X receptor alpha heterodimer. hCAR enhanced the transcription of both genes also in the presence of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand. Finally, hCAR activation increased CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNA levels in cultured human hepatocytes. Our results indicate that CAR transactivates human CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in human hepatocytes through the common cis-element ER8. Interestingly, the ER8 motif is highly conserved in the CYP1A1 proximal promoter sequences of various species, suggesting a fundamental role of CAR in the xenobiotic-induced expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 independent of aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
authors.affiliation: Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan. kyoshina@mail.pharm.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshinari
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoda
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toriyabe
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamazoe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D000090702:Constitutive Androstane Receptor; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics*; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D019281:Dimerization; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000090702:Constitutive Androstane Receptor; D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2