title: Comparison of pregnancy outcomes in women with repaired versus unrepaired atrial septal defect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the risks of complications during pregnancy in women with repaired and unrepaired atrial septal defects (ASDs) without associated complex cardiac lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective multicentre study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary centres in the Netherlands and Belgium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with ASD without associated complex cardiac lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were identified using two congenital heart disease registries. One hundred women were identified who had 243 pregnancies, including 49 miscarriages and six terminations of pregnancy. Detailed information on each completed pregnancy (n = 188; unrepaired ASD, n = 133; repaired ASD, n = 55) was obtained using medical records and telephone interviews. In addition, data from the Generation R database (a prospective cohort study; n = 9667) were used to determine the background risk (control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for cardiac, obstetric and neonatal events controlled for multiple pregnancies per woman using general estimating equation analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with an unrepaired ASD had a higher risk of neonatal events (AOR = 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-7.89, P = 0.027) than women with a repaired ASD. The risk of cardiac and obstetric complications was comparable between women with unrepaired and repaired ASDs. Compared with the general population, women with an unrepaired ASD had higher risks of pre-eclampsia (AOR = 3.54, 95% CI 1.26-9.98, P = 0.017), small-for-gestational-age births (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.15-3.30, P = 0.013) and fetal mortality (AOR = 5.55, 95% CI 1.77-17.4, P = 0.003). By contrast, no differences were observed when comparing women with a repaired ASD versus controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with an unrepaired ASD are at increased risk of neonatal events in comparison with women with a repaired ASD. Compared with the general population, women with an unrepaired ASD are at increased risk of pre-eclampsia, small-for-gestational-age births and fetal mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. s.c.yap@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: S-C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drenthen
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Meijboom
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moons
authors.forename: B J M
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Vliegen
authors.forename: A P J
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: V W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.forename: E A P
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Steegers
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Roos-Hesselink
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Pieper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult