title: Nanoparticles made from novel starch derivatives for transdermal drug delivery.
abstract: The goal of this paper was aimed to the formulation of nanoparticles by using two different propyl-starch derivatives - referred to as PS-1 and PS-1.45 - with high degrees of substitution: 1.05 and 1.45 respectively. A simple o/w emulsion diffusion technique, avoiding the use of hazardous solvents such as dichloromethane or dimethyl sulfoxide, was chosen to formulate nanoparticles with both polymers, producing the PS-1 and PS-1.45 nanoparticles. Once the nanoparticles were prepared, a deep physicochemical characterization was carried out, including the evaluation of nanoparticles stability and applicability for lyophilization. Depending on this information, rules on the formation of PS-1 and PS-1.45 nanoparticles could be developed. Encapsulation and release properties of these nanoparticles were studied, showing high encapsulation efficiency for three tested drugs (flufenamic acid, testosterone and caffeine); in addition a close to linear release profile was observed for hydrophobic drugs with a null initial burst effect. Finally, the potential use of these nanoparticles as transdermal drug delivery systems was also tested, displaying a clear enhancer effect for flufenamic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Santander-Ortega
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stauner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Loretz
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ortega-Vinuesa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bastos-González
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wenz
authors.forename: U F
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lehr
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D002021:Buffers; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D005439:Flufenamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013213:Starch / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012997:Solvents; D002110:Caffeine; D013739:Testosterone; D005439:Flufenamic Acid; D013213:Starch