title: Quality of life as an outcome in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias--obstacles and goals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of individuals at risk for dementia will probably increase in ageing societies as will the array of preventive and therapeutic options, both however within limited economic resources. For economic and medical purposes valid instruments are required to assess disease processes and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for different forms and stages of illness. In principal, the impact of illness and success of an intervention can be assessed with biomedical variables, e.g. severity of symptoms or frequency of complications of a disease. However, this does not allow clear judgement on clinical relevance or comparison across different diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcome model variables such as quality of life (QoL) or health care resource utilization require the patient to appraise their own well-being or third parties to set preferences. In Alzheimer's disease and other dementias the evaluation process performed by the patient is subject to the disease process itself because over progress of the disease neuroanatomical structures are affected that mediate evaluation processes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Published research and methodological considerations thus lead to the conclusion that current QoL-instruments, which have been useful in other contexts, are ill-suited and insufficiently validated to play a major role in dementia research, decision making and resource allocation. New models integrating biomedical and outcome variables need to be developed in order to meet the upcoming medical and economic challenges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Mental Health & Old Age Psychiatry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. matthias.riepe@uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: Matthias W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Riepe
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mittendorf
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Förstl
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frölich
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haupt
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leidl
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vauth
authors.forename: Matthias Graf
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: von der Schulenburg
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D003704:Dementia / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D040841:Resource Allocation / Q000191:economics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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