title: An electrophysiological investigation into the automaticity of emotional face processing in high versus low trait anxious individuals.
abstract: To examine the extent of automaticity of emotional face processing in high versus low trait anxious participants, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to emotional (fearful, happy) and neutral faces under varying task demands (low load, high load). Results showed that perceptual encoding of emotional faces, as reflected in P1 and early posterior negativity components, was unaffected by the availability of processing resources. In contrast, the postperceptual registration and storage of emotion-related information, as reflected in the late positive potential component at frontal locations, was influenced by the availability of processing resources, and this effect was further modulated by level of trait anxiety. Specifically, frontal ERP augmentations to emotional faces were eliminated in the more demanding task for low trait anxious participants, whereas ERP enhancements to emotional faces were unaffected by task load in high trait anxious participants. This result suggests greater automaticity in processing affective information in high trait anxious participants.
authors.affiliation: Roehampton University, London, England. a.Holmes@roehampton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Maria Kragh
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tipper
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004644:Emotions; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2005 Feb;9(2):75-82
references.pmid: 15668100
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2008 Mar;77(3):247-65
references.pmid: 18164800
references.citation: Brain Cogn. 2005 Oct;59(1):11-22
references.pmid: 15919145
references.citation: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2003 Oct;17(3):613-20
references.pmid: 14561449
references.citation: Brain Cogn. 2006 Apr;60(3):282-94
references.pmid: 16510226
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Aug 20;99(17):11458-63
references.pmid: 12177449
references.citation: Neuron. 2008 May 8;58(3):306-24
references.pmid: 18466742
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2005 Apr;15(2):188-96
references.pmid: 15831401
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Gen. 2001 Dec;130(4):681-700
references.pmid: 11757875
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2004 Jan 19;15(1):211-6
references.pmid: 15106860
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2001 Mar 26;12(4):709-14
references.pmid: 11277569
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2005 Mar 29;377(2):115-20
references.pmid: 15740848
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2002 Mar 25;13(4):427-31
references.pmid: 11930154
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2007 Jan 7;45(1):174-94
references.pmid: 16854439
references.citation: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2003 Apr;16(2):174-84
references.pmid: 12668225
references.citation: Prog Brain Res. 2006;156:31-51
references.pmid: 17015073
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2003;41(7):808-17
references.pmid: 12631531
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2002 Mar;2(1):52-63
references.pmid: 12452584
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2003 Jun;3(2):97-110
references.pmid: 12943325
references.citation: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 1999 Mar;7(4):481-91
references.pmid: 10076093
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961 Jun;4:561-71
references.pmid: 13688369
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2006 Nov;115(4):760-70
references.pmid: 17100533
references.citation: Emotion. 2004 Jun;4(2):189-200
references.pmid: 15222855
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2000 Jan;10(1):69-81
references.pmid: 10639397
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2005 Dec;5(4):396-404
references.pmid: 16541810
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2007 Jan 7;45(1):15-31
references.pmid: 16797614
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Nov 15;54(10):1067-76
references.pmid: 14625149
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2003 Apr 15;14(5):777-80
references.pmid: 12692482
references.citation: Br J Clin Psychol. 1990 May;29(2):227-9
references.pmid: 2364202
references.citation: Nature. 2001 May 17;411(6835):305-9
references.pmid: 11357132
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Jan;20(1):95-107
references.pmid: 17919076
references.citation: Neural Netw. 2005 May;18(4):353-69
references.pmid: 15921888
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Jul;11(7):307-16
references.pmid: 17553730
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2007 Jan;97(1-3):187-95
references.pmid: 16844229
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2006 May 15;31(1):458-67
references.pmid: 16460966
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992 Nov;63(5):832-8
references.pmid: 1447695
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 1991 Aug;100(3):316-36
references.pmid: 1918611
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2007 Oct;118(10):2128-48
references.pmid: 17573239
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2004 Jun;14(6):619-33
references.pmid: 15054077
references.citation: Percept Psychophys. 2001 Aug;63(6):1004-13
references.pmid: 11578045
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Apr;11(4):158-67
references.pmid: 17324608
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2001 Mar;13(5):987-94
references.pmid: 11264671
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2008 Feb 12;19(3):259-63
references.pmid: 18303563
references.citation: Neurosci Res. 1998 Jan;30(1):25-34
references.pmid: 9572577
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2006 Feb 6;394(1):48-52
references.pmid: 16257119
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1999 Sep 9;10(13):2691-8
references.pmid: 10511425
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 2007 Jan;133(1):1-24
references.pmid: 17201568
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2001 May 8;12(6):1119-22
references.pmid: 11338176
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 2009 Jan;46(1):62-8
references.pmid: 19055500
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2008 Apr;46(5):1338-48
references.pmid: 18249424
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2005 Sep;26(1):65-79
references.pmid: 15954123
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 2005 Jul;57(1):43-52
references.pmid: 15896860
references.citation: Emotion. 2007 May;7(2):336-53
references.pmid: 17516812
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2007 Jan 7;45(1):75-92
references.pmid: 16797607
references.citation: Br J Clin Psychol. 1999 Sep;38(3):267-78
references.pmid: 10532148
references.citation: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2005 Oct;25(2):508-20
references.pmid: 16168629
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2005 Oct 15;28(1):249-55
references.pmid: 15993624
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2004 Nov;7(11):1271-8
references.pmid: 15494727
references.citation: Brain Cogn. 2009 Apr;69(3):538-50
references.pmid: 19097677
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2008 Feb;77(2):159-73
references.pmid: 18022310