title: Principles and methodology for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002) to Spanish and Catalan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occupational skin diseases are among the most frequent work-related diseases in industrialized countries. The Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002), developed in English, is a useful tool for screening of occupational skin diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To culturally adapt the NOSQ-2002 to Spanish and Catalan and to assess the clarity, comprehension, cultural relevance and appropriateness of the translated versions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation of patient-reported outcomes were followed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After translation into the target language, a first consensus version of the questionnaire was evaluated in multiple cognitive debriefing interviews. The expert panel introduced some modifications in 39 (68%) and 27 (47%) items in the Spanish and Catalan version, respectively (e.g. addition of examples and definitions, reformulation of instructions and use of direct question format). This version was back translated and submitted to the original authors, who suggested a further seven and two modifications in the Spanish and Catalan versions, respectively. A second set of cognitive interviews were performed. A consensus version of both questionnaires was obtained after final modifications based on comments by the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final versions of the Spanish and Catalan NOSQ-2002 questionnaires are now available at www.NRCWE.dk/NOSQ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, IMAS, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Nohemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sala-Sastre
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herdman
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de la Prada
authors.forename: Ramón M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pujol
authors.forename: Consol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Mari-Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Flyvholm
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Giménez-Arnau
mesh_terms: D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations