title: Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in PIM-1 gene with the risk of Korean lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression of the PIM-1 gene, which is a proto-oncogene that encodes a serine/threonine kinase, is associated with multiple cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. In particular, several studies have reported that the PIM-1 gene is associated with the development of lymphoma, leukemia and prostate cancer. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PIM-1 gene and the risk of lung cancer occurrence in the Korean population.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the role of the PIM-1 gene in the development of lung cancer, the genotypes of the PIM-1 gene were determined in 408 lung cancer patients and 410 normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the T-C-T-C haplotypes of the PIM-1 gene (-1196 T>C, IVS4 +55 T>C, IVS4 +1416 T>A and +3684 C>A) were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.98; 95% CI: 1.24 approximately 12.75, p-value: 0.020]. In particular, these haplotypes showed an increased risk of lung cancer in males (aOR: 5.67; 95% CI: 1.32~24.30, p-value: 0.019) and smokers (aOR: 7.82; 95% CI: 1.75 approximately 34.98, p-value: 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that the T-C-T-C haplotype of the PIM-1 gene could influence the risk of developing smoking-related lung cancer in the Korean population. Additional functional studies with an larger sample sized analysis are warranted to reconfirm our findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Eun Soon
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jeong-Seon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: In Keun
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kyong Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eui Bae
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seh Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yeul Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
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