title: Ovarian activity and safety of a novel levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol continuous oral contraceptive regimen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A continuous regimen of oral levonorgestrel (LNG) 90 mcg/ethinyl estradiol (EE) 20 mcg was evaluated for inhibition of ovulation, time to return to ovulation after stopping treatment and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  This open-label study was conducted in healthy women aged 18-35 years. Ovulation was documented before treatment, and then participants received oral tablets containing LNG 90 mcg/EE 20 mcg to be taken continuously for three 28-day intervals. Ovarian activity was assessed three times per week during the treatment period with transvaginal ultrasound scans and measurements of serum 17beta-estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations. Safety assessments included physical examinations, laboratory evaluations and adverse event records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven of the 58 subjects who received treatment met predefined criteria for efficacy analysis. No on-treatment ovulations occurred in the efficacy or intent-to-treat population. There was evidence of ovulation within 37 days of stopping treatment for 46 (98%) of 47 subjects evaluated posttreatment. The final subject with a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome ovulated by Day 66. The safety profile observed during this 84-day continuous regimen was similar to that seen with other low-dose oral contraceptives administered in a cyclic regimen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The continuous LNG/EE regimen completely inhibited ovulation, with little evidence of follicular development and with rapid return of ovulatory capacity after stopping treatment.
authors.affiliation: CONRAD Clinical Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA. archerdf@evms.edu
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kovalevsky
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ballagh
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Grubb
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D034445:Ovulation Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone