title: Calcium channel blocker toxicity.
abstract: Calcium channel blockers continue to be used for the management of a wide variety of adult and pediatric conditions including hypertension, angina pectoris, atrial arrhythmias, Raynaud phenomenon, and migraine headaches. With increased use comes increased potential for misuse and abuse. This article serves as a review of calcium channel blocker physiology with emphasis on presentation and management of the pediatric patient with calcium channel blocker toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. aarroyo@neoucom.edu
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Arroyo
authors.forename: Louise W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001243:Assisted Circulation; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000145:classification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000502:physiology; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D002606:Charcoal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D004733:Enema; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D005934:Glucagon / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D007223:Infant; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D011041:Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D002606:Charcoal; D005934:Glucagon; D002122:Calcium Chloride