title: Feeding heat-treated colostrum or unheated colostrum with two different bacterial concentrations to neonatal dairy calves.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding heat-treated colostrum or unheated colostrum of different bacterial counts on passive transfer of immunity in neonatal dairy calves. First milking colostrum was collected from Holstein cows, frozen at -20 degrees C, and then thawed and pooled into a single batch. One-third of the pooled colostrum was transferred into plastic containers and frozen at -20 degrees C until needed for feeding (unheated-low bacteria). Another third was heat-treated at 60 degrees C for 30 min and then frozen at -20 degrees C until needed for feeding (heat-treated). The final third of colostrum was transferred into plastic containers, stored at 20 degrees C for bacteria to grow for 24 h (unheated-high bacteria), and then frozen at -20 degrees C until needed for feeding. A total of 30 Holstein bull calves weighing >or=30 kg at birth were systematically enrolled into 1 of the 3 treatment groups. Calves were separated from their dams at birth before suckling occurred. Before colostrum was fed, a jugular blood sample was collected from each calf. The first feeding consisted of 3.8 L of colostrum containing, on average, 68 g of IgG/L using an esophageal feeder between 1.5 and 2 h after birth. For the second and third feeding pasteurized whole milk at 5% of birth weight was fed. Blood samples were collected before colostrum feeding and at 24 and 48 h of age to determine serum total protein (STP) and IgG concentrations. Heat treatment of colostrum at 60 degrees C for 30 min reduced colostrum bacteria concentration yet maintained colostral IgG concentration and viscosity at similar levels to the control treatment. Calves fed heat-treated colostrum had significantly greater STP and IgG concentrations at 24 h and greater apparent efficiency of absorption (AEA) of IgG (STP = 62.5 g/L; IgG = 26.7 g/L; AEA = 43.9%) compared with calves fed unheated-low bacteria colostrum (STP = 57.0 g/L; IgG = 20.2 g/L; AEA = 35.4%) or unheated-high bacteria colostrum (STP = 56.2 g/L; IgG = 20.1 g/L; AEA = 32.4%). High bacteria load in colostrum did not interfere with total protein or IgG absorption or AEA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy and Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Elizondo-Salazar
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Heinrichs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003126:Colostrum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G