title: Microbial comparative pan-genomics using binomial mixture models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The size of the core- and pan-genome of bacterial species is a topic of increasing interest due to the growing number of sequenced prokaryote genomes, many from the same species. Attempts to estimate these quantities have been made, using regression methods or mixture models. We extend the latter approach by using statistical ideas developed for capture-recapture problems in ecology and epidemiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We estimate core- and pan-genome sizes for 16 different bacterial species. The results reveal a complex dependency structure for most species, manifested as heterogeneous detection probabilities. Estimated pan-genome sizes range from small (around 2600 gene families) in Buchnera aphidicola to large (around 43000 gene families) in Escherichia coli. Results for Echerichia coli show that as more data become available, a larger diversity is estimated, indicating an extensive pool of rarely occurring genes in the population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analyzing pan-genomics data with binomial mixture models is a way to handle dependencies between genomes, which we find is always present. A bottleneck in the estimation procedure is the annotation of rarely occurring genes.
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway. lars.snipen@umb.no
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Snipen
authors.forename: Trygve
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Almøy
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ussery
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics*; D020635:Buchnera / Q000235:genetics; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D005810:Multigene Family; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
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