title: Inhibitory effect of bionic fungicide 2-allylphenol on Botrytis cinerea (Pers. ex Fr.) in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  2-Allylphenol is a registered fungicide in China to control fungal diseases on tomato, strawberry and apple. It is synthetic and structurally resembles the active ingredient ginkgol isolated from Ginkgo biloba L. bark. 2-Allylphenol has been used in China for 10 years. However, its biochemical mode of action remains unclear. An in vitro study was conducted on the biochemical mechanism of 2-allyphenol inhibiting Botrytis cinerea (Pers. ex Fr.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inhibition was approximately 3 times stronger when the fungus was grown on non-fermentable source, glycerol, than that on a fermentable carbon source, glucose. Inhibition of B. cinerea and Magnaporthe oryzae (Hebert) Barr mycelial growth was markedly potentiated in the presence of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), an inhibitor of mitochondrial alternative oxidase. Furthermore, at 3 h after treatment with 2-allylphenol, oxygen consumption had recovered, but respiration was resistant to potassium cyanide and sensitive to SHAM, indicating that 2-allylphenol had the ability to induce cyanide-resistant respiration. The mycelium inhibited in the presence of 2-allylphenol grew vigorously after being transferred to a fungicide-free medium, indicating that 2-allylphenol is a fungistatic compound. Adenine nucleotide assay showed that 2-allylphenol depleted ATP content and decreased the energy charge values, which confirmed that 2-allylphenol is involved in the impairment of the ATP energy generation system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that 2-allylphenol induces cyanide-resistant respiration and causes ATP decrease, and inhibits respiration by an unidentified mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuangjun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Xili
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jianqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010636:Phenols; C099328:2-allylphenol; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D010100:Oxygen