title: Evidence for moxifloxacin in community-acquired pneumonia: the impact of pharmaco-economic considerations on guidelines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In an era of limited resources, policy makers and health care payers are concerned about the costs of treatment in addition to its effectiveness. However, guidelines do not tend to consider the cost-effectiveness of treatment options. This paper aims to conduct an international literature review with a view to assessing the impact of pharmaco-economic considerations of CAP treatment with moxifloxacin on recent guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pharmaco-economic state of the art of treating CAP with moxifloxacin is assessed and compared with guidelines issued by the European Respiratory Society and by the Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society. Also, evidence on moxifloxacin consumption and antimicrobial resistance, and the impact of resistance on the cost-effectiveness of moxifloxacin is reviewed. Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination databases, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and EconLit up to January 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The existing pharmaco-economic evidence indicates that moxifloxacin is a cost-effective treatment for CAP. However, data limitations and uncertainty surrounding the evolution of resistance emphasize the need for caution. As recommended by guidelines, the choice of antimicrobial should consider the local frequency of causative pathogens, the local pattern of antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors for resistant bacteria. The pharmaco-economic evidence corroborates the importance of these factors as they have an impact on the cost-effectiveness of treating CAP patients with moxifloxacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAP guidelines need to take into account pharmaco-economic considerations by balancing the effectiveness of antimicrobial regimens against their costs. The pharmaco-economic value of moxifloxacin is influenced by the causative pathogens involved and resistance patterns. Therefore, it may be advisable to identify patient subgroups in which treatment with moxifloxacin is cost-effective and should be recommended by guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Care and Pharmaco-economics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Onderwijs en Navorsing 2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 521, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. steven.simoens@pharm.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simoens
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011804:Quinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D000077266:Moxifloxacin