title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of antimicrobials: potential for providing dosing regimens that are less vulnerable to resistance.
abstract: Whereas infections caused by multidrug-resistant micro-organisms are increasing worldwide, there are few new molecules, especially ones that are active against Gram-negative strains. There are extensive data showing that the administration of antimicrobials according to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters improves the possibility of a positive clinical outcome, particularly in severely ill patients. Evidence is growing that when pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters are used to target not only clinical cure but also eradication, the spread of resistance will also be contained. The present paper summarizes the most relevant papers published in this field and provides some suggestions for dosing regimens that can be adopted in the clinical setting to limit the spread of resistance.
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Department, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. chiara.adembri@unifi.it
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adembri
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Novelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents
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