Prevalence of early and late age-related macular degeneration in India: the INDEYE study.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prevalence of early and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in India.


METHODS
Of 7518 people aged 60 years and older identified from randomly sampled villages in North and South India, 5853 (78%) attended an eye examination including fundus photography. Fundus images were graded according to the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System.


RESULTS
Fundus images were ungradable in 1587 people, mainly because of cataract. People 80 years of age and older were less likely to attend the eye examination and more likely to have ungradable images. For ages 60 to 79 years, the percent prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) were late AMD 1.2 (0.8-1.5); and early AMD: grade 1 (soft distinct drusen or pigmentary irregularities), 39.3 (37.2-41.5); grade 2 (soft distinct drusen with pigmentary irregularities or soft indistinct or reticular drusen), 6.7 (5.8-7.6); and grade 3 (soft indistinct or reticular drusen with pigmentary irregularities), 0.2 (0.1-0.4). For ages 80 and older, the respective percent prevalence was: late AMD, 2.5 (0.4-4.7); and early AMD: grade 1, 43.1(35.7-50.6); grade 2, 8.1 (4.3-12.0); and grade 3, 0.5 (0-1.5).


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of early AMD (grades 1 and 2) is similar to that observed in Western populations, but grade 3 appears to be lower. The prevalence of late AMD is comparable to that in Western populations in the age group 60 to 79 years. It is likely that the prevalence in the 80 and older age group is underestimated.
Krishnan
Tiruvengada
T
Aravind Eye Hospital Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India.
Ravindran
Ravilla D
RD
Murthy
Gudlavalleti V S
GV
Vashist
Praveen
P
Fitzpatrick
Kathryn E
KE
Thulasiraj
R Duraisami
RD
John
Neena
N
Maraini
Giovanni
G
Camparini
Monica
M
Chakravarthy
Usha
U
Fletcher
Astrid E
AE
D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014792:Visual Acuity
Lancet. 2004 Jan 10;363(9403):157-63
14726171
Ophthalmology. 2004 Jul;111(7):1288-97
15234128
Ophthalmology. 1995 Oct;102(10):1450-60
9097791
Ophthalmology. 2000 Aug;107(8):1593-600
10919916
Arch Ophthalmol. 2003 Apr;121(4):519-26
12695249
Ophthalmology. 2008 Oct;115(10):1735-41
18439679
Arch Ophthalmol. 2004 Apr;122(4):564-72
15078675
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Dec;46(12):4442-9
16303932
Ophthalmology. 1992 Jun;99(6):933-43
1630784
Surv Ophthalmol. 1995 Mar-Apr;39(5):367-74
7604360
Ophthalmology. 2008 Aug;115(8):1376-81, 1381.e1-2
18222000
Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Nov;142(5):788-93
16989759
Ophthalmology. 2006 Mar;113(3):373-80
16513455
Ophthalmology. 1999 Jun;106(6):1056-65
10366071
Arch Ophthalmol. 1995 Jun;113(6):728-35
7786213
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Jul;49(7):3126-33
18390643
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Mar;48(3):1007-11
17325139
Br J Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;85(10):1153-7
11567955
Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Nov;123(11):1575-80
16286621
Ophthalmology. 1995 Mar;102(3):371-81
7891973
Ophthalmology. 1999 Jun;106(6):1049-55
10366070
Arch Ophthalmol. 2004 Apr;122(4):581-6
15078677
Arch Ophthalmol. 2003 Mar;121(3):379-85
12617709
Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 Apr;124(4):529-35
16606879
Ophthalmology. 1995 Feb;102(2):205-10
7862408