title: Open nephron-sparing surgery in renal tumors with normal contralateral kidney: A single centre experience of 8 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present our eight-year experience with open nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in renal tumors with contralateral normal kidney to assess its oncological efficacy and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients undergoing open NSS for small localized renal tumors with normal contralateral kidney from January 1998 to August 2006 were studied regarding demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics along with long-term follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 48.28 +/- 9.5 years. The mean tumor size was 3.72 cm (range 1.5-6). The following surgeries were performed: Wedge resection-13, partial polar nephrectomy-15, segmental resection-eight. The following techniques were used for vascular control: clamping and cooling-eight, warm ischemia-12, a novel technique of serial encirclage-16. The mean warm ischemia time was 23.2 +/- 3.2 min. The mean operating time was 190.07 +/- 11.3 min. The mean estimated blood loss was 331 +/- 17.4 ml. The majority of renal tumors were renal cell carcinoma (97.22%). There were no positive surgical margins. There were no major intraoperative and postoperative complications. The mean follow up was 52.1 months (range 4-80) with no case showing progression to renal insufficiency (defined as serum creatinine > 2 mg/dl). There was only one local recurrence. However, four distant metastases were reported. The five-year cancer-specific survival, recurrence-free survival and overall survival were 94.4%, 88.88% and 86.11% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with solitary, small localized, unilateral renal tumors with normal contralateral kidney, elective open NSS is feasible, safe and provides excellent long-term local control and oncological efficacy with functional benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hemal
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Dogra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
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