title: FoxM1, a critical regulator of oxidative stress during oncogenesis.
abstract: The transcription factor FoxM1 is over-expressed in most human malignancies. Although it is evident that FoxM1 has critical functions in tumour development and progression, the mechanisms by which FoxM1 participates in those processes are not understood. Here, we describe an essential role of FoxM1 in the regulation of oxidative stress that contributes to malignant transformation and tumour cell survival. We identify a negative feedback loop involving FoxM1 that regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in proliferating cells. We show that induction of FoxM1 by oncogenic Ras requires ROS. Elevated FoxM1, in turn, downregulates ROS levels by stimulating expression of ROS scavenger genes, such as MnSOD, catalase and PRDX3. FoxM1 depletion sensitizes cells to oxidative stress and increases oncogene-induced premature senescence. Moreover, tumour cells expressing activated AKT1 are 'addicted' to FoxM1, as they require continuous presence of FoxM1 for survival. Together, our results identify FoxM1 as a key regulator of ROS in dividing cells, and provide insights into the mechanism how tumour cells use FoxM1 to control oxidative stress to escape premature senescence and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Janai R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Zebin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Nissim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Angela L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Tyner
authors.forename: Lester F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Pradip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raychaudhuri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C107585:FOXM1 protein, human; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C491524:Foxm1 protein, mouse; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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