title: Live imaging of radiation-induced apoptosis by yolk injection of Acridine Orange in the developing optic tectum of medaka.
abstract: To observe the sequential radiation-induced apoptosis in a living embryo, we injected Acridine Orange (AO) solution into the yolk of embryo and visualized radiation-induced apoptosis in developing optic tectum (OT). Medaka embryos at stage 28, when neural cells proliferate rapidly in the OT, were irradiated with 5 Gy X-rays which is a non-lethal dose for irradiated embryos at hatching. The irradiated embryos hatched normally without morphological abnormalities in their brains, even though a large number of apoptotic cells were induced transiently in OT. By yolk injection, apoptotic cells in OT were distinguished as AO-positive small nuclei at 3 h after irradiation. At 8-10 h after irradiation, AO-positive rosette-shaped clusters were obviously distinguished in marginal tectal regions of OT where cells are proliferating intensely. The AO-positive clusters became bigger and more obvious, but the number did not increase up to 24 h after irradiation and completely disappeared up to 49 h after irradiation. This characteristic appearance of the AO-positive nuclei/clusters is in good agreement with our previous results, based on the examination of fixed specimens stained with AO by injection into the peri-vitelline space, suggesting that the AO-yolk injection method is highly reliable for detecting apoptotic cells in living embryos. The live imaging of apoptotic cells in developing Medaka embryos by AO-yolk injection method is expected to reveal more of the details of the dynamics of apoptotic responses in the irradiated brain and other tissues.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan. t_yasuda@nirs.go.jp
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe-Asaka
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitani
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000166:cytology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002645:Chickens; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D000165:Acridine Orange