title: A free vein graft cap influences neuroma formation after nerve transection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  : Neuroma formation is a major problem in nerve surgery and consensus about its prevention has not been reached. It has been suggested that vein covering can reduce neuroma formation in transected nerves. In this article, the Authors propose an easy and novel method of covering by nerve stump capping with a free vein graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Neuroma-like lesions were created on the rat thigh sectioning the femoral nerve above its division in 16 animals. The proximal nerve stump was invaginated into the lumen of a 1.5 cm long femoral free vein graft on the right side, and the vein was closed on itself by microsurgical sutures to form a cap for the nerve stump. On the left side acting as the control neuroma, the nerve was cut and left uncovered. Histological and immunohistochemical assessment was used to quantify the degree of neuroma formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Significant differences were found in both neuroma size and axon-glia organization between the treated and control sides indicating that free vein graft capping reduced neuroma formation in comparison to uncovered nerve stumps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Our results confirm that vein-covering of a transected nerve stump can be effective in reducing neuroma formation. Moreover, unlike previous works that buried the nerve into an adjacent vein left in place, our experiments showed that also the use of a free vein graft cap can hinder neuroma formation. Although translation of rat experiments to the clinics should be dealt with caution, our data suggest a careful clinical use of the technique. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Specialties, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariarosaria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galeano
authors.forename: Benedetto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manasseri
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Risitano
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geuna
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Scipio
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: La Rosa
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delia
authors.forename: Francesco Stagno
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: D'Alcontres
authors.forename: Michele R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Colonna
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D005267:Femoral Nerve / Q000601:surgery; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008866:Microsurgery; D009463:Neuroma / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010524:Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley