Routine placement of an intercostal chest drain during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical lung biopsy unnecessarily prolongs in-hospital length of stay in selected patients.
OBJECTIVE
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical (VATS) lung biopsy is frequently used in the diagnosis of parenchymal lung disease. However, there is still debate over the need for routine use of an intercostal chest drain after this procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the necessity of positioning an intercostal chest drain as an integral part of VATS lung biopsy.


METHODS
Data from VATS lung biopsies performed over a 5-year period were retrospectively analysed. Patients in whom there was evidence of air leak intra-operatively following lung biopsy were excluded. Patients in whom no air leak was detected on testing were included in this study. A chest drain was inserted solely according to the surgeons' practice.


RESULTS
This study included 175 patients. Of these, 82 patients had an intercostal chest drain positioned during the VATS procedure and 93 did not. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of mean (standard deviation (SD)), age (54.4 (14.9) vs 55.8 (13.5) years, p=0.58), gender (63% vs 59% males, p=0.56) or side of procedure (45% vs 56% right side, p=0.22). One patient in the 'no drain' group developed a clinically significant pneumothorax 24h after surgery and required a drain to be inserted. There was also no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of radiologically detected pneumothorax immediately post-procedure (23% vs 20%, p=0.66) or on postoperative day 1 (26% vs 20%, p=0.63). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pneumothorax on follow-up (at 4-6 weeks) chest radiograph (10% vs 7%, p=0.61). In all cases, the pneumothoraces were small and not clinically significant. However, there was a significant difference in the median (inter-quartile range (IQR)) length of stay between the two groups (3 (2,4) vs 2 (1,3) days, respectively, p<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The routine use of an intercostal chest drain after VATS lung biopsy unnecessarily increases the length of hospital stay without reduction in the incidence of pneumothorax.
Satherley
Lucy K
LK
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK. lucysatherley@hotmail.com
Luckraz
Heyman
H
Rammohan
Kandadai S
KS
Phillips
Mabel
M
Kulatilake
Nihal E P
NE
O'Keefe
Peter A
PA
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D015505:Chest Tubes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures