title: Serum hormones in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia after microdissection testicular sperm extraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microdissection testicular sperm extraction combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection is currently used to treat infertility in cases of nonobstructive azoospermia. Even in patients with nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome, who usually present with small testes and hypogonadism, the procedure has been done successfully. We assessed serum hormones after microdissection testicular sperm extraction and compared postoperative testicular damage between 46XY males with nonobstructive azoospermia and those with Klinefelter's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 140 men with azoospermia, including 100 46XY males with nonobstructive azoospermia and 40 with nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome, who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone were evaluated before, and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 46XY males with nonobstructive azoospermia serum follicle-stimulating hormone during 18 months of followup, and luteinizing hormone 1 and 3 months postoperatively were significantly increased vs baseline. No significant differences were observed in testosterone at any postoperative time point vs baseline. In men with Klinefelter's syndrome who underwent sperm extraction mean testosterone significantly decreased an average of 30% to 35% vs baseline when assessed 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postoperatively. It returned to 75% of the preoperative level after 18 months. In Klinefelter's syndrome cases no significant differences were observed in follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone at each postoperative time point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hormonal followup after microdissection testicular sperm extraction is recommended, particularly in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, to prevent the deleterious consequences of hypogonadism.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Related, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. iskwtmmt@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomomoto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000097:blood*; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D042282:Microdissection / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D053625:Sperm Retrieval / Q000009:adverse effects; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013737:Testis / Q000601:surgery; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone