Quantum limit of nonlinear wave rectification.
Based on a quantum limitation, it is shown that to achieve an efficient nonlinear rectification in an ideally designed system, the wave electric field E must exceed [momega3h/(2pie2 )]1/2 , where e, m, omega, and h are the electron charge, the electron mass, the angular frequency of a pump wave, and the Planck constant, respectively.
Hasegawa
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Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA.