Aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression is associated with a family history of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer in a high-risk population exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons.
BACKGROUND
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure is a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and PAHs are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This study measured the expression of AhR and related genes in frozen esophageal cell samples from patients exposed to different levels of indoor air pollution, who did or did not have high-grade squamous dysplasia and who did or did not have a family history of upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) cancer.


METHODS
147 samples were evaluated, including 23 (16%) from patients with high-grade dysplasia and 48 (33%) from patients without dysplasia who heated their homes with coal, without a chimney (a "high" indoor air pollution group), and 27 (18%) from patients with high-grade dysplasia and 49 (33%) from patients without dysplasia who did not heat their homes at all (a "low" indoor air pollution group). Sixty-four (44%) had a family history of UGI cancer. RNA was extracted and quantitative PCR analysis was done.


RESULTS
AhR gene expression was detectable in 85 (58%) of the samples and was >9-fold higher in those with a family history of UGI cancer [median expression (interquartile range), -1,964 (-18,000, -610) versus -18,000 (-18,000, -1036); P = 0.02, Wilcoxon rank-sum test]. Heating status, dysplasia category, age, gender, and smoking were not associated with AhR expression (linear regression; all P values >or= 0.1).


CONCLUSIONS
AhR expression was higher in patients with a family history of UGI cancer. Such individuals may be more susceptible to the deleterious effects of PAH exposure, including PAH-induced cancer.
Roth
Mark J
MJ
Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7232, USA. mr166i@nih.gov
Wei
Wen-Qiang
WQ
Baer
Jessica
J
Abnet
Christian C
CC
Wang
Guo-Qing
GQ
Sternberg
Lawrence R
LR
Warner
Andrew C
AC
Johnson
Laura Lee
LL
Lu
Ning
N
Giffen
Carol A
CA
Dawsey
Sanford M
SM
Qiao
You-Lin
YL
Cherry
James
J
D000368:Aged; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000506:poisoning*; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon
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