title: New antiretroviral drugs: a review of the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and resistance profile of tipranavir, darunavir, etravirine, rilpivirine, maraviroc, and raltegravir.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The introduction and approval of new antiretroviral agents in the US and Canada bring new opportunities and new challenges. Arguably, for the first time ever, clinicians have the drugs necessary to achieve the goal of suppressing HIV RNA to levels less than 50 copies/mL in even the most treatment-experienced patients and in those with extensive drug-limiting resistance mutations. However, the use of these new agents is complicated by many drug-drug interactions and--to some extent--pre-existing mutations. To derive maximum durability from the use of these newer drugs, a thorough understanding of their indications and limitations is critical.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To thoroughly review the six most recently approved or soon-to-be-approved antiretroviral drugs in the US and Canada: tipranavir, darunavir, etravirine, rilpivirine, maraviroc, and raltegravir.
  
  
  METHODS
  Discussion of the indications for, and pharmacokinetics, resistance profile, activity, toxicity, and clinical trials results of, the six new agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These six new agents have resulted in marked progress towards the goal of being able to provide HIV-infected individuals with the drugs necessary to achieve decades of durable suppression of HIV without substantial toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Northern Alberta HIV Program, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada.
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Rodger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: MacArthur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002170:Canada; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D012367:RNA, Viral