title: Effects of snap-freezing and near-infrared laser illumination on porcine prostate tissue as measured by Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: Most Raman spectroscopic studies on tissue are performed in vitro. To assure that the results are applicable to in vivo examinations, preparation protocols and measurement procedures of tissue for in vitro studies should preserve tissue characteristics close to the native state. This study had two aims. The first was to elucidate if photoinduced effects arise during 5 minutes' continuous illumination of tissue with an 830 nm laser at an irradiance of approximately 3 x 10(10) W/m2. The second was to investigate the effects of snap-freezing of porcine prostate tissue in liquid nitrogen and subsequent storage at -80 degrees C, by means of multivariate analysis. 830 nm laser illumination of the specified irradiance did not affect the Raman spectra. A decrease of the spectral background was observed, likely due to photobleaching of tissue fluorophores. Snap-freezing and subsequent storage at -80 degrees C gave rise to subtle but significant alterations in Raman spectra, most likely related to changes in the protein conformations.
authors.affiliation: Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden. stefan.candefjord@ltu.se
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Candefjord
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramser
authors.forename: Olof A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Lindahl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005615:Freezing; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013048:Specimen Handling; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods; D034421:Sus scrofa