H2AX: functional roles and potential applications.
Upon DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction in mammals, the histone H2A variant, H2AX, becomes rapidly phosphorylated at serine 139. This modified form, termed gamma-H2AX, is easily identified with antibodies and serves as a sensitive indicator of DNA DSB formation. This review focuses on the potential clinical applications of gamma-H2AX detection in cancer and in response to other cellular stresses. In addition, the role of H2AX in homeostasis and disease will be discussed. Recent work indicates that gamma-H2AX detection may become a powerful tool for monitoring genotoxic events associated with cancer development and tumor progression.
Dickey
Jennifer S
JS
Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. dickeyj@mail.nih.gov
Redon
Christophe E
CE
Nakamura
Asako J
AJ
Baird
Brandon J
BJ
Sedelnikova
Olga A
OA
Bonner
William M
WM
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004194:Disease; D004782:Environmental Health; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors
D015415:Biomarkers; D006657:Histones
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