title: Gefitinib-phenytoin interaction is not correlated with the C-erythromycin breath test in healthy male volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic interaction between phenytoin, a potent CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (ABCB1) inducer, and gefitinib, a CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and P-gp substrate.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open-label, randomized, two-phase crossover study was conducted. Eighteen healthy male volunteers (nine homozygous CC and nine homozygous TT as determined by their ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism in exon 26) received a single oral dose of 250 mg gefitinib alone or after 5 days treatment with phenytoin (5 mg kg(-1) daily). Gefitinib plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Hepatic CYP3A4 activity was evaluated by the (14)C-erythromycin breath test (ERMBT) and the ABCB1 and CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms were determined by the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay and long polymerase chain reaction, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following treatment with phenytoin, mean gefitinib C(max) and AUC(0-infinity) decreased by 26 +/- 44% [95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference 5-48%, P= 0.005] and 47 +/- 26% (95% CI for the difference 34-60%, P= 0.001), respectively, and apparent oral clearance increased by 126 +/- 93% (95% CI for the difference 80-172%, P= 0.004). Concomitantly, phenytoin increased the mean ERMBT by 91 +/- 44% (95% CI 75-105%, P < 0.001) from baseline, but the extent of liver CYP3A4 induction was not correlated to the extent of interaction. Furthermore, this interaction was independent of ABCB1 genetic polymorphism. The CYP2D6 genotype was slightly but significantly related to gefitinib clearance (P= 0.04) during the control phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant interaction between gefitinib and phenytoin was not correlated with the erythromycin breath test and was independent of ABCB1 polymorphism, but may involve presystemic CYP3A-mediated intestinal first-pass.
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Lariboisière Hospital, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chhun
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verstuyft
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rizzo-Padoin
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simoneau
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Becquemont
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peretti
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Swaisland
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wortelboer
authors.forename: Jean Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mouly
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001944:Breath Tests; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004347:Drug Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D000077156:Gefitinib; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010672:Phenytoin; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D010672:Phenytoin; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D000077156:Gefitinib
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