title: Prospective evaluation of psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity in recurrent vasovagal and unexplained syncope.
abstract: Syncope is experienced by a third of the population, and in the absence of cardiac pathology is most commonly of vasovagal (VVS) or unexplained origin (US). Psychiatric morbidity has been observed in up to 81% of patients with US but findings with VVS are contradictory. Little is known regarding the chronicity of their psychiatric morbidity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the psychological profile of patients with recurrent syncope prior to and following diagnostic head-up tilt testing (HUT), and whether it predicts syncope recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three women and 43 men (mean age=48+/-16.6) were recruited from all consenting patients referred for HUT. Psychological status (Psychiatric Symptom Index, Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), Fear of Blood Injury Subscale) and presence of mood/anxiety disorders (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders) were evaluated 1 month prior to and 6 months following HUT. Follow-up data were collected for 83 patients (mean age=48+/-17.34).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, clinically significant levels of distress were observed in 60% of patients. Those with US (negative HUT) had a fivefold greater risk of suffering from a depressive or anxiety disorder compared to VVS (positive HUT) after controlling for significant covariates. There was no significant change in distress level over follow-up, although psychiatric morbidity dropped from 33% to 22% (P=.049). Syncope recurrence was predicted by elevations in baseline psychological distress (OR=1.544, P=.013) independently of lifetime number of syncopes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients exhibited high levels of psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity despite reassurance and education received after HUT. Improved screening for and treatment of psychological distress in these patients is critical.
authors.affiliation: Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1T 1C8. bianca.d.antono@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: D'Antono
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dupuis
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: St-Jean
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lévesque
authors.forename: Reginald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nadeau
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thibault
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011792:Quebec; D012008:Recurrence; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013575:Syncope / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D019462:Syncope, Vasovagal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*