title: Cytotoxicity of solubilization vehicles for Trichomonas gallinae and Tritrichomonas foetus measured by the resazurin microtiter assay.
abstract: The parasites Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas gallinae present veterinary and economic importance since they cause bovine and avian trichomonosis, respectively. The absence of a specific treatment and the necessity of effective and safe drugs against these etiologic agents have stimulated the search for new antiprotozoal drugs with high activity, low toxicity to the animal, and low cost. Screening of potential antiprotozoal molecules is currently a common practice and different kinds of organic solvents and surfactant vehicles are used, since many bioactive compounds have low water solubility. Thus, it is important to determine the toxicity and to provide the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the most common solubilization vehicles used in biological activity in vitro evaluation: ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, acetone, DMSO, tween 20 and tween 80. The assays were conducted employing the resazurin microtiter assay, which demonstrated a rapid, safe, and quantitative method for the in vitro determination of T. foetus and T. gallinae trophozoites viability. In summary, all solvents and surfactants, except ethanol, could be used in cytotoxicity assays against T. foetus, and acetone, tween 20 and tween 80 are the preferential vehicles for in vitro analysis of potential bioactive compounds against T. gallinae, though these must be used with caution.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Raquel Brandt
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Giordani
authors.forename: Geraldo Attilio De
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Carli
authors.forename: José Angelo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zuanazzi
authors.forename: Alexandre José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: Tiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tasca
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000633:toxicity; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000633:toxicity; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000633:toxicity; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010078:Oxazines / Q000633:toxicity; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000633:toxicity*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000633:toxicity; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal / Q000469:parasitology; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*; D014244:Trichomonas / Q000187:drug effects*; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016835:Tritrichomonas foetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D053058:Trophozoites / Q000187:drug effects; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010078:Oxazines; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011136:Polysorbates; D012997:Solvents; D014966:Xanthenes; D008795:Metronidazole; C005843:resazurin; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide