title: Suppression of the descending inhibitory pathway by continuous thoracic intrathecal lidocaine infusion reduces the thermal threshold of the tail-flick response in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For the suppression of descending inhibitory pathways in animals, single-dose lidocaine blockade is reversible and causes less damage than chronic spinal cord injury, decerebration, and cold blockade of the spinal cord. However, single-dose blockade has a variable onset and is relatively short-lived. To surmount these disadvantages, we devised a continuous thoracic intrathecal lidocaine infusion and evaluated its effects in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were administered continuous intrathecal infusions of 0, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% lidocaine at 10 &gml.h(-1) following a 10-&gml bolus. The effects of the continuous thoracic blockade on tail-flick (TF) latency (estimated by the percent maximum possible effect [%MPE]) and on the release of neurotransmitters in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Continuous thoracic blockade with 0.5% and 1% lidocaine infusion reversibly shortened TF latency (%MPE, -22.0 +/- 11.0 % and -21.2 +/- 4.6 %, respectively, versus baseline; P < 0.05) during drug infusion. Compared with normal saline, thoracic intrathecal infusion of lidocaine significantly lowered norepinephrine and serotonin concentrations in the CSF at 1 h of infusion (P = 0.02 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous thoracic blockade by local anesthetic resulted in reversible suppression of descending inhibitory pathways for varying durations. Such blockade may provide further information regarding nociceptive transmission and the mechanisms of antinociception in animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takasugi
authors.forename: Tatsushige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuyuta
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabuchi
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higashino
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D008012:Lidocaine
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