title: Disparities in allele frequencies and population differentiation for 101 disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms between Puerto Ricans and non-Hispanic whites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Variations in gene allele frequencies can contribute to differences in the prevalence of some common complex diseases among populations. Natural selection modulates the balance in allele frequencies across populations. Population differentiation (FST) can evidence environmental selection pressures. Such genetic information is limited in Puerto Ricans, the second largest Hispanic ethnic group in the US, and a group with high prevalence of chronic disease. We determined allele frequencies and population differentiation for 101 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 30 genes involved in major metabolic and disease-relevant pathways in Puerto Ricans (n = 969, ages 45-75 years) and compared them to similarly aged non-Hispanic whites (NHW) (n = 597).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minor allele frequency (MAF) distributions for 45.5% of the SNPs assessed in Puerto Ricans were significantly different from those of NHW. Puerto Ricans carried risk alleles in higher frequency and protective alleles in lower frequency than NHW. Patterns of population differentiation showed that Puerto Ricans had SNPs with exceptional FST values in intronic, non-synonymous and promoter regions. NHW had exceptional FST values in intronic and promoter region SNPs only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations may serve to explain and broaden studies on the impact of gene polymorphisms on chronic diseases affecting Puerto Ricans.
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. josiemer.mattei@tufts.edu
authors.forename: Josiemer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.forename: Laurence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Parnell
authors.forename: Chao-Qiang
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Bibiana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garcia-Bailo
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Adiconis
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.forename: Serkalem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demissie
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005828:Genetics, Population; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
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