Cardiac health: primary prevention of heart disease in women.
Heart disease is the number one cause of death among women. Although 450,000 women die annually from heart disease, this fact is unknown to many women. Because heart disease is frequently preventable, increasing awareness of personal risk and preventative measures is a key element of health care for women. Nurse clinicians can evaluate, educate, and counsel women regarding their risk for this pervasive disease and promote behavior changes that will decrease that risk. Research evidence supports that lifestyle behaviors are the cornerstone of heart disease prevention. This article presents current evidence for the prevention of heart disease related to dietary intake, physical activity, weight management, smoking cessation, blood pressure control, and lipid management. Guidelines for implementing findings in clinical practice are discussed.
Turk
Melanie Warziski
MW
School of Nursing, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA. turkm@duq.edu
Tuite
Patricia K
PK
Burke
Lora E
LE
D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D008019:Life Style; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009720:Nurse Clinicians / Q000458:organization & administration; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010808:Physical Examination; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D016387:Women's Health
Diabetes Care. 2006 Sep;29(9):2102-7
16936160
JAMA. 2001 Mar 21;285(11):1447-54
11255420
Lancet. 2005 Oct 8;366(9493):1267-78
16214597
Circulation. 2006 Jan 31;113(4):525-34
16449732
Contemp Clin Trials. 2008 Mar;29(2):182-93
17702667
Circulation. 2003 Nov 25;108(21):2619-23
14597589
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 May;24(5):566-72
10849577
Ann Intern Med. 1991 Dec 15;115(12):956-61
1952493
JAMA. 2001 May 16;285(19):2486-97
11368702
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2004 Oct 05;1(1):15
15462679
Circulation. 2006 Feb 14;113(6):898-918
16380542
N Engl J Med. 2007 Jun 7;356(23):2388-98
17554120
N Engl J Med. 1999 Aug 26;341(9):650-8
10460816
Circulation. 1998 May 12;97(18):1837-47
9603539
Circulation. 2003 Jun 24;107(24):3109-16
12821592
Diabetes Care. 2005 Apr;28(4):888-94
15793191
Circulation. 2008 Jul 22;118(4):428-64
18591433
Circulation. 2006 Feb 14;113(6):791-8
16461820
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003 Jun;57(6):412-6
12775785
J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2009 Jan-Feb;24(1):58-80
19114803
Gastroenterology. 2007 May;132(6):2226-38
17498514
N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 13;354(15):1601-13
16611951
Ann Intern Med. 2001 Jan 16;134(2):96-105
11177312
Circulation. 2007 Mar 20;115(11):1481-501
17309915
Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2003 Oct;31(4):176-81
14571956
Atherosclerosis. 2006 Jan;184(1):207-15
15907854
Circulation. 1998 Jun 2;97(21):2099-100
9626167
J Adv Nurs. 2002 May;38(3):219-34
11972658
N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 6;343(1):16-22
10882764
Circulation. 1996 Feb 1;93(3):450-6
8565161
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Sep 16;52(12):979-85
18786477
N Engl J Med. 2004 Dec 23;351(26):2683-93
15616203
N Engl J Med. 2008 Nov 13;359(20):2105-20
19005195
Circulation. 2009 Jan 27;119(3):e21-181
19075105
Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Jan;32(1):166-76
17700579
Medsurg Nurs. 2008 Apr;17(2):107-13
18517171
Basic Res Cardiol. 2001 Apr;96(2):128-35
11327330
Circulation. 2006 Jul 4;114(1):82-96
16785338
Cardiol Rev. 2006 Sep-Oct;14(5):232-7
16924164
Health Psychol. 1998 Jul;17(4):367-70
9697946
JAMA. 2004 Oct 13;292(14):1724-37
15479938
Arch Intern Med. 2007 Dec 10;167(22):2405-13
18071161
Lancet. 2005 Nov 5;366(9497):1640-9
16271645
N Engl J Med. 2000 Aug 24;343(8):530-7
10954760
Circulation. 2007 Jan 2;115(1):114-26
17192512
Obes Res. 1998 Sep;6 Suppl 2:51S-209S
9813653
N Engl J Med. 2002 Sep 5;347(10):716-25
12213942
Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Jun 15;151(12):1172-81
10905529
Lancet. 2004 Sep 11-17;364(9438):937-52
15364185
Circulation. 2004 Nov 2;110(18):2952-67
15509809
J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 May;105(5 Suppl 1):S35-43
15867894
Circulation. 2007 Aug 28;116(9):1081-93
17671237
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Nov 27;50(22):2128-32
18036449