title: Low concentrations of amitriptyline inhibit nicotinic receptors in unmyelinated axons of human peripheral nerve.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Amitriptyline is often prescribed as a first-line treatment for neuropathic pain but its precise mode of analgesic action remains uncertain. Amitriptyline is known to inhibit voltage-dependent ion channels and also to act as an antagonist at ligand-gated ion channels, such as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In the present study, we tested the effect of amitriptyline on nicotinic responses of unmyelinated axons in isolated segments of human peripheral nerve. In particular, a comparison was made between the concentrations of amitriptyline necessary for inhibition of nAChRs and those required for inhibition of the compound C-fibre action potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated axon fascicles were prepared from short segments of human sural nerve, and multiple measures of axonal excitability were recorded using computer-controlled threshold tracking software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amitriptyline (EC(50) 2.6 microM) reduced the nicotine-induced increase in C-fibre excitability but only slightly altered the amplitude and latency to onset of the compound action potential. In contrast, tetrodotoxin produced a clear reduction in the amplitude and a prolongation of action potential onset latency but was without effect on the nicotine-induced increase in axonal excitability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that low concentrations of amitriptyline suppress the response of human peripheral C-type axons to nicotine by directly inhibiting nAChRs. Blockade of tetrodotoxin-sensitive, voltage-dependent sodium channels does not contribute to this effect. An inhibitory action of amitriptyline on nAChRs in unmyelinated nociceptive axons may be an important component of amitriptyline's therapeutic effect in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freysoldt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fleckenstein
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Irnich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grafe
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D036421:Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000502:physiology*; D013497:Sural Nerve / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D000639:Amitriptyline; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D009538:Nicotine
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