title: Effect of nutritional recovery with soybean flour diet on body composition, energy balance and serum leptin concentration in adult rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malnutrition in early life is associated with obesity in adulthood and soybean products may have a beneficial effect on its prevention and treatment. This study evaluated body composition, serum leptin and energy balance in adult rats subjected to protein restriction during the intrauterine stage and lactation and recovering on a soybean flour diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five groups of the Wistar strain of albino rats were used: CC, offspring born to and suckled by mothers fed a control diet and fed the same diet after weaning; CS, offspring born to and suckled by mothers fed a control diet and fed a soybean diet with 17% protein after weaning; LL, offspring of mothers fed a low protein diet and fed the same diet after weaning; LC, offspring of mothers fed a low protein diet, but fed a control diet after weaning; LS, offspring of mothers fed a low protein diet, but fed a soybean diet with 17% protein after weaning. Food intake, body, perirenal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were measured in grams. Leptin was quantified using the Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and insulin by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Carcass composition was determined by chemical methods and energy expenditure was calculated by the difference between energy intake and carcass energy gain. Data were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LC and LS groups had higher energetic intake concerning body weight, lower energy expenditure, proportion of fat carcass and fat pads than CC and CS groups. The LS group showed reduced body weight gain and lower energy efficiency, which was reflected in less energy gain as protein and the proportion of carcass protein, and lower energy gain as lipid than in the LC groups, although both groups had eaten the same amount of diet and showed equal energy expenditure. Serum leptin did not differ among groups and was unrelated to food or energy intake and energy expenditure. Serum insulin was higher in the LS than in the LC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protein restriction during intrauterine life and lactation periods did not provoke obesity in adulthood. Nutritional recovery with soybean diet decreased the body weight at the expense of lower energy efficiency with repercussion on lean mass.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. loandac@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Loanda Maria G
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cheim
authors.forename: Elisângela A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Vanessa C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Arantes
authors.forename: Roberto V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Veloso
authors.forename: Marise Auxiliadora B
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Maria Helena G
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gomes-da-Silva
authors.forename: Everardo M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: Antonio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Boschero
authors.forename: Márcia Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Latorraca
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