title: Older drivers in Australia: trends in driving status and cognitive and visual impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate self-reported driving status within three Australian states; associations between demographic, health, and functional factors and driving status; and the extent to which remaining a driver in spite of cognitive and visual impairments varies as a function of sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary data analysis of a pooled data set.
  
  
  METHODS
  Australian communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults aged 65 to 103 (N=5,206) from the Dynamic Analyses to Optimise Ageing (DYNOPTA) project. DYNOPTA is a unique data set created through the harmonization and pooling of data across nine separate Australian longitudinal studies of aging conducted between 1990 and 2007 (N=50,652).
  
  
  METHODS
  Driving status, demographic characteristics, Mini-Mental State Examination score, visual acuity, physical activity, and occupation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men and participants with higher-level occupations had greater odds of driving. Older age, more medical conditions, and poorer vision increased the odds of not driving. Persons who were divorced, widowed, or never married were at a greater risk than married adults of not driving. Descriptive analyses revealed a large proportion of men with probable visual or cognitive impairments who reported driving. Subsequent comparative analyses between the DYNOPTA sample and other published U.S. and Canadian data revealed lower proportions of current drivers among Australian women and those at older ages, although there were consistently lower proportions of drivers within Australia and Canada than in the United States.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of men with probable dementia or visual impairments who reported driving is of particular concern. Research and policy need to focus on evidence-based assessment of older drivers and development of appropriate interventions and programs to maintain the mobility and independence of older adults.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Mental Health Research, Ageing Research Unit, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. LesleyARoss@gmail.com
authors.forename: Lesley A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Kaarin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Anstey
authors.forename: Kim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kiely
authors.forename: Tim D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Windsor
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Byles
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Luszcz
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology