title: Operative mortality, blood loss and the use of Pringle manoeuvres in 526 consecutive liver resections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Centres with high volumes of high-risk surgery have significantly better outcomes than low-volume centres for pancreatic resection, oesophagectomy and pelvic exenteration. However, this has not to date been conclusively demonstrated for hepatic resection. With increased experience, operative practice can change. The use of the Pringle manoeuvre reduced substantially over a 12-year period in a single centre as it was felt anecdotally that its use increased the incidence of hepatic insufficiency and operative mortality. This study was designed to review 12 years of experience in a single hepatobiliary centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data regarding 526 consecutive liver resections were prospectively recorded and retrospectively analysed in a high-volume referral unit over a 12-year period. Patients' demographics, operative mortality and morbidity were analysed on an annual basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall peri-operative mortality was 1.9%. Operative mortality in the first 6 years compared to the latter 6 years was 4.1% and 1.2%, respectively (P = 0.13). The morbidity rate was 26.8% and 20.3% in the first and second halves of the study, respectively (P = 0.15). With increased experience, intra-operative blood loss and patients receiving blood transfusions decreased (P = 0.047 and 0.03, respectively) while the number of intra-operative Pringle manoeuvres also decreased (P < 0.0001). Hospital stay decreased significantly over the 12 years (P = 0.049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-volume centres are the safest environment for hepatic resection. With increased experience, it may be possible to reduce the intra-operative use of the Pringle manoeuvre without increasing the intra-operative blood loss. This may be associated with a decrease in hepatic insufficiency and peri-operative mortality.
authors.affiliation: The Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lordan
authors.forename: Tim R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Worthington
authors.forename: Nial
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Quiney
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fawcett
authors.forename: Nariman D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Karanjia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
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