title: Ultra-short-term heart rate variability for early risk stratification following acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prognostic significance of early ultra-short-term heart rate variability (HRV) measurement in patients admitted for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  HRV was calculated retrospectively from the standard admission and discharge 10-second ECG of 196 consecutive patients with STEMI. Reduced HRV was defined as standard deviation of N-N intervals (SDNN) <9.5 (25th percentile). Data regarding all end points were obtained 2 years after discharge for all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' age was 60.9 +/- 13 years and 21% were female. Admission SDNN was lower than discharge SDNN (20.2 +/- 18 vs. 34.2 +/- 31.1, respectively; p = 0.001). Admission and discharge SDNN positively correlated with survival (r = 0.16, p = 0.03 and r = 0.15, p = 0.04, respectively), but were not predictive of other cardiovascular end points. Reduced admission SDNN was associated with increased mortality at 1 and 6 months, and 1 and 2 years after admission, while discharge SDNN was associated only with 1- and 2-year mortality. Using multivariate analysis, adjusted for potential confounders, admission SDNN <9.5 was found to be an independent risk factor for 2-year mortality (odds ratio = 2.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-7.56; p = 0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced HRV, recorded from admission and discharge ECG, appears to be a significant and independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with STEMI.
authors.affiliation: Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Erez
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiyovich
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zahger
authors.forename: Harel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gilutz
authors.forename: Aviva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grosbard
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left