title: Prevalence of early and late age-related macular degeneration in India: the INDEYE study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of early and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 7518 people aged 60 years and older identified from randomly sampled villages in North and South India, 5853 (78%) attended an eye examination including fundus photography. Fundus images were graded according to the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fundus images were ungradable in 1587 people, mainly because of cataract. People 80 years of age and older were less likely to attend the eye examination and more likely to have ungradable images. For ages 60 to 79 years, the percent prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) were late AMD 1.2 (0.8-1.5); and early AMD: grade 1 (soft distinct drusen or pigmentary irregularities), 39.3 (37.2-41.5); grade 2 (soft distinct drusen with pigmentary irregularities or soft indistinct or reticular drusen), 6.7 (5.8-7.6); and grade 3 (soft indistinct or reticular drusen with pigmentary irregularities), 0.2 (0.1-0.4). For ages 80 and older, the respective percent prevalence was: late AMD, 2.5 (0.4-4.7); and early AMD: grade 1, 43.1(35.7-50.6); grade 2, 8.1 (4.3-12.0); and grade 3, 0.5 (0-1.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of early AMD (grades 1 and 2) is similar to that observed in Western populations, but grade 3 appears to be lower. The prevalence of late AMD is comparable to that in Western populations in the age group 60 to 79 years. It is likely that the prevalence in the 80 and older age group is underestimated.
authors.affiliation: Aravind Eye Hospital Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India.
authors.forename: Tiruvengada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: Ravilla D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.forename: Gudlavalleti V S
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vashist
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: R Duraisami
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Thulasiraj
authors.forename: Neena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maraini
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camparini
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: Astrid E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014792:Visual Acuity
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