title: Exploring mentorship as a strategy to build capacity for knowledge translation research and practice: protocol for a qualitative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research funders, educators, investigators and decision makers worldwide have identified the need to improve the quality of health care by building capacity for knowledge translation (KT) research and practice. Peer-based mentorship represents a vehicle to foster KT capacity. The purpose of this exploratory study is to identify mentoring models that could be used to build KT capacity, consult with putative mentee stakeholders to understand their KT mentorship needs and preferences, and generate recommendations for the content and format of KT mentorship strategies or programs, and how they could be tested through future research.
  
  
  METHODS
  A conceptual framework was derived based on mentoring goals, processes and outcomes identified in the management and social sciences literature, and our research on barriers and facilitators of academic mentorship. These concepts will inform data collection and analysis. To identify useful models by which to design, implement and evaluate KT mentorship, we will review the social sciences, management, and nursing literature from 1990 to current, browse tables of contents of relevant journals, and scan the references of all eligible studies. Eligibility screening and data extraction will be performed independently by two investigators. Semi-structured interviews will be used to collect information about KT needs, views on mentorship as a knowledge sharing strategy, preferred KT mentoring program elements, and perceived barriers from clinician health services researchers representing different disciplines. Qualitative analysis of transcripts will be performed independently by two investigators, who will meet to compare findings and resolve differences through discussion. Data will be shared and discussed with the research team, and their feedback incorporated into final reports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings could be used by universities, research institutes, funding agencies, and professional organizations in Canada and elsewhere to develop, implement, and evaluate mentorship for KT research and practice. This research will establish a theoretical basis upon which we and others can compare the cost-effectiveness of interventions that enhance KT mentorship. If successful, this program of research may increase knowledge about, confidence in, and greater utilization of KT processes, and the quality and quantity of KT research, perhaps ultimately leading to better implementation and adoption of recommended health care services.
authors.affiliation: Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. anna.gagliardi@uhnresearch.ca
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gagliardi
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perrier
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: Ori
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rotstein
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tourangeau
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Ivan L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Straus
references.citation: J Appl Psychol. 2004 Feb;89(1):127-36
references.pmid: 14769125
references.citation: Health Promot Int. 2007 Sep;22(3):254-60
references.pmid: 17596543
references.citation: Nurs Adm Q. 1990 Fall;15(1):20-7
references.pmid: 2234530
references.citation: BMC Fam Pract. 2005 Oct 27;6:44
references.pmid: 16253133
references.citation: BMJ. 2000 Jan 8;320(7227):114-6
references.pmid: 10625273
references.citation: Nurs Educ Perspect. 2008 Jan-Feb;29(1):29-33
references.pmid: 18330419
references.citation: Acad Med. 2009 Jan;84(1):135-9
references.pmid: 19116493
references.citation: Int J Qual Health Care. 2007 Dec;19(6):349-57
references.pmid: 17872937
references.citation: J Health Serv Res Policy. 2004 Oct;9 Suppl 2:3-9
references.pmid: 15511319
references.citation: J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2006 Winter;26(1):13-24
references.pmid: 16557505
references.citation: Int J Nurs Stud. 2006 Jul;43(5):637-51
references.pmid: 16157338
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 1982 Jul;92(1):111-35
references.pmid: 7134324
references.citation: J Nurses Staff Dev. 2008 Mar-Apr;24(2):86-90
references.pmid: 18391666
references.citation: Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Nov;14(11):1058-63
references.pmid: 17704351
references.citation: J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2006 Winter;26(1):25-36
references.pmid: 16557511
references.citation: Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Nov;14(11):978-83
references.pmid: 17967959
references.citation: Eval Program Plann. 2008 May;31(2):160-73
references.pmid: 18336906
references.citation: JAMA. 2006 Sep 6;296(9):1103-15
references.pmid: 16954490
references.citation: Milbank Q. 2008 Mar;86(1):125-55
references.pmid: 18307479
references.citation: J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2002 Summer;22(3):160-9
references.pmid: 12227238
references.citation: J Prof Nurs. 1996 Sep-Oct;12(5):311-21
references.pmid: 8871697
references.citation: Health Aff (Millwood). 2000 May-Jun;19(3):236-40
references.pmid: 10812803
references.citation: Implement Sci. 2007 Jan 04;2:1
references.pmid: 17204143
references.citation: J Health Serv Res Policy. 2002 Oct;7(4):239-44
references.pmid: 12425783
references.citation: Nurse Educ Pract. 2008 Jul;8(4):258-66
references.pmid: 17988946
references.citation: Contemp Nurse. 2008 Feb;27(2):194-206
references.pmid: 18457520
references.citation: CMAJ. 2006 Sep 26;175(7):763-71
references.pmid: 17001059
references.citation: BMC Fam Pract. 2008 Jun 27;9:37
references.pmid: 18588685
references.citation: Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Nov;14(11):1047-51
references.pmid: 17967967
references.citation: CMAJ. 2007 Mar 13;176(6):771-6
references.pmid: 17353529
references.citation: ANZ J Surg. 2005 Sep;75(9):757-61
references.pmid: 16173988
references.citation: J Prof Nurs. 2007 Nov-Dec;23(6):369-75
references.pmid: 18053963
references.citation: J Adv Nurs. 2007 Dec;60(5):513-24
references.pmid: 17973715
references.citation: Milbank Q. 2003;81(2):221-48, 171-2
references.pmid: 12841049
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2006 Feb;62(4):964-76
references.pmid: 16314015
references.citation: Acad Med. 2005 Apr;80(4):344-8
references.pmid: 15793017
references.citation: Can J Cardiol. 2002 Jun;18(6):657-61
references.pmid: 12107423
references.citation: BMC Health Serv Res. 2008 May 23;8:110
references.pmid: 18501005
references.citation: Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Nov;14(11):1003-7
references.pmid: 17967962
references.citation: J Nurs Scholarsh. 2002;34(4):391-6
references.pmid: 12501744
references.citation: J Adv Nurs. 1999 Jan;29(1):201-7
references.pmid: 10064300
references.citation: Can Respir J. 2006 Jul-Aug;13(5):253-9
references.pmid: 16896426
references.citation: Med Teach. 2006 May;28(3):248-57
references.pmid: 16753724
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 26;348(26):2635-45
references.pmid: 12826639
references.citation: J Nurs Educ. 2008 Jan;47(1):20-9
references.pmid: 18232611
references.citation: BMJ. 2003 Jan 25;326(7382):213-6
references.pmid: 12543841
references.citation: J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005 Jul;10 Suppl 1:6-20
references.pmid: 16053580
references.citation: J Adv Nurs. 2006 Mar;53(6):691-701
references.pmid: 16553677
references.citation: Nurse Educ Pract. 2007 Jan;7(1):44-52
references.pmid: 17689423
references.citation: BMJ. 2004 Oct 30;329(7473):999
references.pmid: 15514342