title: Concurrent and sequential administration of chemotherapy and the Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor temsirolimus in human cancer cells and xenografts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optimal scheduling of cycle-active chemotherapy with (initially cytostatic) molecular-targeted agents is important to maximize clinical benefit. Concurrent scheduling might allow up-regulation of cell death pathways at the time of chemotherapy, whereas sequential treatments might maximize inhibition of repopulation and avoid putting tumor cells out of cycle when administering cycle-active chemotherapy. We compared the effects of concurrent and sequential administration of chemotherapy and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor temsirolimus (CCI-779) on tumor cells and xenografts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human prostate cancer PC-3 and LnCaP, and human breast cancer MDA-468 cells and xenografts were treated with chemotherapy (docetaxel and 5-fluorouracil, respectively) and temsirolimus, using concurrent and sequential treatment schedules. Cell killing and repopulation were evaluated by clonogenic assays. Cell cycle analysis was done using flow cytometry. Effects on xenografts were assessed by tumor growth delay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proliferation of all cell lines was inhibited by temsirolimus in a dose-dependent manner; PTEN negative PC-3 and mutant LnCaP cells were more sensitive than PTEN-negative MDA-468 cells. Temsirolimus inhibited cell cycle progression from G(1) to S phase in all cell lines. Combined treatment had greater effects than temsirolimus or chemotherapy alone: for PC-3 and LnCaP xenografts, concurrent treatment seemed superior to sequential scheduling, whereas MDA-468 cells and xenograft tumors did not show schedule dependence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined treatment with temsirolimus and chemotherapy had a greater therapeutic effect than monotherapy; concurrent scheduling was more effective for PC-3 and LnCaP cells and xenografts that were sensitive to temsirolimus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Molecular Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrea S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Licun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ian F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Tannock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D043823:Taxoids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; C401859:temsirolimus; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D005472:Fluorouracil; D020123:Sirolimus