title: Chromosomal abnormalities determined by comparative genomic hybridization are helpful in the diagnosis of atypical hepatocellular neoplasms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the utility of cytogenetic abnormalities in the distinction of hepatic adenoma (HA) and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to determine chromosomal abnormalities in 39 hepatocellular neoplasms: 12 HA, 15 atypical hepatocellular neoplasms (AHN) and 12 well-differentiated HCC. The designation of AHN was used in two situations: (i) adenoma-like neoplasms (n = 8) in male patients (any age) and women >50 years and <15 years old; (ii) adenoma-like neoplasms with focal atypical features (n = 7). CGH abnormalities were seen in none of the HAs (0/12), eight (53%) AHNs and 11 (92%) HCCs. The number and nature of abnormalities in AHN was similar to HCC with gains in 1q, 8q and 7q being the most common. Although follow-up information was limited, recurrence and/or metastasis were observed in three AHNs (two with abnormal, one with normal CGH).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adenoma-like neoplasms with focal atypical morphological features or unusual clinical settings such as male gender or women outside the 15-50 year age group can show chromosomal abnormalities similar to well-differentiated HCC. Even though these tumours morphologically mimic adenoma, they can recur and metastasize. Determination of chromosomal abnormalities can be useful in the diagnosis of AHN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. sanjay.kakar@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakar
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Coral
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Burgart
authors.forename: Oyedele
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adeyi
authors.forename: Dhanpat
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Viabhav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sahai
authors.forename: Linda D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Ferrell
mesh_terms: D018248:Adenoma, Liver Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors
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