Immunomodulatory effects of proanthocyanidin A-1 derived in vitro from Rhododendron spiciferum.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of proanthocyanidin A-1 (PAA-1) from leaves of Rhododendron spiciferum (Ericaceae). In vitro tests showed that PAA-1 stimulated cell proliferation of splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and increased CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell populations. PAA-1 also regulated the expression of Th1- and Th2-related cytokines. Moreover, this study showed that PAA-1 exhibited a significant effect on NBT dye reduction and lysosomal enzyme activity responses in macrophages, indicating effective phagocytic activation. These results revealed that PAA-1 exhibits immunomodulatory activity without a clear dose response.
Liu
Ying Zi
YZ
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130062, People's Republic of China.
Cao
Yong Guo
YG
Ye
Jun Qing
JQ
Wang
Wei Guang
WG
Song
Ke Ji
KJ
Wang
Xiao Liang
XL
Wang
Chun Hua
CH
Li
Rong Tao
RT
Deng
Xu Ming
XM
D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029793:Rhododendron / Q000737:chemistry*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects*; D013868:Thioinosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C473739:proanthocyanidin A1; D013868:Thioinosine; C001789:4-nitrobenzylthioinosine