Noninvasive techniques for probing neurocircuitry and treating illness: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
Although the preceding chapters discuss much of the new knowledge of neurocircuitry of neuropsychiatric diseases, and an invasive approach to treatment, this chapter describes and reviews the noninvasive methods of testing circuit-based theories and treating neuropsychiatric diseases that do not involve implanting electrodes into the brain or on its surface. These techniques are transcranial magnetic stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial direct current stimulation. Two of these approaches have FDA approval as therapies.
George
Mark S
MS
Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology and Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, MUSC Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. georgem@musc.edu
Aston-Jones
Gary
G
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D055536:Vagus Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
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