title: Lead concentration in the bladder tissue and blood of patients with bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between lead and bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of lead concentration in blood and bladder cancer tissue from a sample set of 36 bladder cancer patients were measured and then compared with those of a normal group. The levels of lead obtained in the bladder cancer tissue were evaluated depending on the stage of the tumour. The level of lead concentration in each tissue sample was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lead concentration reached statistically higher values in both the bladder cancer tissue and the blood of patients with this carcinoma compared with those of the control group. No relationship between lead concentration levels in the bladder cancer tissue and blood of patients with this neoplasm on stage of tumour was demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that there is a relationship between exposure to lead and the initialization and development of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland. elementare@op.pl
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Golabek
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Darewicz
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borawska
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Markiewicz
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Socha
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kudelski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007854:Lead