title: Complete nucleotide sequences of plasmids pEK204, pEK499, and pEK516, encoding CTX-M enzymes in three major Escherichia coli lineages from the United Kingdom, all belonging to the international O25:H4-ST131 clone.
abstract: We determined the complete nucleotide sequences of three plasmids that encode CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-defined United Kingdom variants (strains A, C, and D) of the internationally prevalent Escherichia coli O25:H4-ST131 clone. Plasmid pEK499 (strain A; 117,536 bp) was a fusion of type FII and FIA replicons and harbored the following 10 antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to eight antibiotic classes: bla(CTX-M-15), bla(OXA-1), bla(TEM-1,) aac6'-Ib-cr, mph(A), catB4, tet(A), and the integron-borne dfrA7, aadA5, and sulI genes. pEK516 (strain D; 64,471 bp) belonged to incompatibility group IncFII and carried seven antibiotic resistance genes: bla(CTX-M-15), bla(OXA-1), bla(TEM-1), aac6'-Ib-cr, catB4, and tet(A), all as in pEK499. It also carried aac3-IIa, conferring gentamicin resistance, and was highly related to pC15-1a, a plasmid encoding the CTX-M-15 enzyme in Canada. By contrast, pEK204 (strain C; 93,732 bp) belonged to incompatibility group IncI1 and carried only two resistance genes, bla(CTX-M-3) and bla(TEM-1). It probably arose by the transposition of Tn3 and ISEcp1-bla(CTX-M-3) elements into a pCOLIb-P9-like plasmid. We conclude that (i) United Kingdom variants of the successful E. coli ST131 clone have acquired different plasmids encoding CTX-M ESBLs on separate occasions, (ii) the bla(CTX-M-3) and bla(CTX-M-15) genes on pEK204 and pEK499/pEK516 represent separate escape events, and (iii) IncFII plasmids harboring bla(CTX-M-15) have played a crucial role in the global spread of CTX-M-15 ESBLs in E. coli.
authors.affiliation: ARMRL, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom. neil.woodford@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Woodford
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carattoli
authors.forename: Edi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karisik
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ellington
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Livermore
mesh_terms: D019295:Computational Biology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D006113:United Kingdom; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001618:beta-Lactamases
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