title: A case of catamenial pneumothorax with diaphragmatic fenestrations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Considerable controversy exists with regards to the physiopathogenesis of catamenial pneumothorax. The rarity of catamenial pneumothorax makes understanding of its pathophysiology and verification of etiological mechanisms difficult.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To contribute evidence to the knowledge base on the pathogenesis of catamenial pneumothorax.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a case of catamenial pneumothorax with images that substantiate the pore hypothesis as a cause of recurrence of air in the pleural cavity in this patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our case report contributes evidence that transperitoneal migration of endometrial implants may occur through diaphragmatic fenestrations. Surgical options may be more viable to prevent recurrent pneumothoraces in such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom. profknow171@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zeena
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Makhija
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marrinan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence