title: Terminology of developmental abnormalities in common laboratory mammals (Version 2).
abstract: This update (Version 2) of the Terminology of Developmental Abnormalities in Common Laboratory Mammals (Version 1) by Wise et al. (1997) incorporates improvements and enhancements to both content and organization of the terminology, to enable greater flexibility in its application, while maintaining a consistent approach to the description of findings. The revisions are the result of an international collaboration among interested organizations, advised by individual experts and the outcomes of several workshops. The terminology remains organized into tables under the broad categories of external, visceral, and skeletal observations, following the manner in which data are typically collected and recorded in developmental toxicity studies. This arrangement of the tables, as well as other information provided in appendices, is intended to facilitate the process of specimen evaluation at the laboratory bench level. Only the commonly used laboratory mammals (i.e., rats, mice, rabbits) are addressed in the current terminology tables. The inclusion of other species that are used in developmental toxicity testing, such as primates, is considered outside the scope of the present update. Similarly, categorization of findings as, for example, "malformation" or "variation" remains unaddressed, in accordance with the overall principle that the focus of this document is descriptive terminology and not diagnosis/interpretation. The skeletal terms have been augmented to accommodate cartilage findings.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460-0001, USA. makris.susan@epa.gov
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Makris
authors.forename: Howard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barbellion
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buschmann
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ema
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Konstanze
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grote
authors.forename: Keith P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Hazelden
authors.forename: Kok Wah
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hew
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horimoto
authors.forename: Yojiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ooshima
authors.forename: Meg
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parkinson
authors.forename: L David
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wise
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008322:Mammals; D009626:Terminology as Topic