title: Correlation between local stress and strain and lamina cribrosa connective tissue volume fraction in normal monkey eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the biomechanical response to IOP elevation of normal monkey eyes using eye-specific, three-dimensional (3-D) finite element (FE) models of the ONH that incorporate lamina cribrosa (LC) microarchitectural information.
  
  
  METHODS
  A serial sectioning and episcopic imaging technique was used to reconstruct the ONH and peripapillary sclera of four pairs of eyes fixed at 10 mm Hg. FE models were generated with local LC material properties representing the connective tissue volume fraction (CTVF) and predominant LC beam orientation and used to simulate an increase in IOP from 10 to 45 mm Hg. An LC material stiffness constant was varied to assess its influence on biomechanical response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strains and stresses within contralateral eyes were remarkably similar in both magnitude and distribution. Strain correlated inversely, and nonlinearly, with CTVF (median, r (2) = 0.73), with tensile strains largest in the temporal region. Stress correlated linearly with CTVF (median r(2) = 0.63), with the central and superior regions bearing the highest stresses. Net average LC displacement was either posterior or anterior, depending on whether the laminar material properties were compliant or stiff.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that contralateral eyes exhibit similar mechanical behavior and suggest that local mechanical stress and strain within the LC are correlate highly with local laminar CTVF. These simulations emphasize the importance of developing both high-resolution imaging of the LC microarchitecture and next-generation, deep-scanning OCT techniques to clarify the relationships between IOP-related LC displacement and CTVF-related stress and strain in the LC. Such imaging may predict sites of IOP-related damage in glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Biomechanics, Legacy Health System, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Sigal
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reynaud
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bellezza
authors.forename: Claude F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Burgoyne
authors.forename: J Crawford
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Downs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000473:pathology*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D012590:Sclera / Q000473:pathology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
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