title: Tubular microsurgery for lumbar discectomies and laminectomies in obese patients: operative results and outcome.
abstract: METHODS
  This is a retrospective single-center case study involving 115 obese and nonobese patients who underwent minimally invasive lumbar surgery between 2004 and 2007.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of minimally invasive spinal surgery in obese and nonobese patients by operative results and patient outcomes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Spinal surgery in obese patients is associated with increased complications, blood loss, and operative times. The potential benefits of minimally invasive lumbar surgery in obese patients are discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients underwent 1-level lumbar microdiscectomy or laminectomy using tubular retractors. Data were collected on patient demographics, comorbidities, smoking habits, operative results, and clinical outcomes, and compared for obese and nonobese patients. Operative results included operative times, blood loss, length of stay, and perioperative complications. Clinical outcomes were assessed by using pre- and postoperative visual analog scale and Macnab outcome criteria at most recent follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 31% of 115 patients were classified as obese. Obese patients tended to undergo surgery at a younger age. Obesity, comorbidities, and age did not have an impact on patient outcome at a mean follow-up of 15.9 months. No significant differences were seen between obese versus nonobese patients in terms of incision lengths, operative time, blood loss, and complication rates. In obese patients, all parameters and operative results compared favorably to reported historical results of patients undergoing open lumbar surgery. Overall, favorable outcome was seen in 92% and 84% of obese and nonobese lumbar microdiscectomy patients, respectively, and in 75% of laminectomy patients. Postoperative visual analog scale did not show any significant difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study comparing operative results from tubular microsurgery between obese and nonobese patients. No major differences were detected in outcome, operative and perioperative data including complication rates. With tubular microsurgery, obese patients experienced the same or equally beneficial outcome, compared to nonobese patients, while incision lengths, blood loss, operative times, and length of stay were less when compared to open procedures. Other comorbidities and age had no significant impact on perioperative complications and clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 E. 68th St., New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomasino
authors.forename: Karishma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinberger
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knopman
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boockvar
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Härtl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007796:Laminectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult