title: Role of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV)-like enzymes in T lymphocyte activation: investigations in DP IV/CD26-knockout mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) and DP IV-like enzymes, such as dipeptidyl peptidase II (DP II), dipeptidyl peptidase 8 (DP8), and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DP9), have been recognized to regulate T lymphocyte activation. Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide (LZNT) and Lys[Z(NO2)]-pyrrolidide (LZNP), non-selective inhibitors of DP IV-like activity known to target DP IV as well as DP II, DP8, and DP9, suppress T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Moreover, these inhibitors are capable of attenuating the severity of autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the animal model of multiple sclerosis, and experimental arthritis, a model of human rheumatoid arthritis, in vivo, particularly in combination with inhibitors of aminopeptidase N (APN, CD13) enzymatic activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we studied the influence of non-selective and selective inhibitors of DP IV-like enzymes on DNA synthesis in mitogen-stimulated splenocytes from wild-type C57BL/6 mice and DP IV/CD26-knockout (DP IV/CD26-KO) mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LZNT and LZNP, the non-selective inhibitors of DP IV-like activity, suppressed the DNA synthesis in stimulated splenocytes from wild-type and DP IV/ CD26-KO mice to a comparable extent. Further, a selective inhibitor of DP8/DP9 activity was capable of suppressing DNA synthesis in mitogen-stimulated splenocytes of both wild-type and knockout mice to the same extent. In contrast, selective inhibitors of DP IV and DP II lacked this suppressive activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the hypothesis that DP8 and/or DP9 represent additional pharmacological targets for the suppression of T cell proliferation and for anti-inflammatory therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. dirk.reinhold@med.ovgu.de
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reinhold
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goihl
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wrenger
authors.forename: Annegret
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reinhold
authors.forename: Ulrike C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Kühlmann
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Neubert
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thielitz
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brocke
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Täger
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ansorge
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bank
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D004152:Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013844:Thiazoles; C110164:lysyl-(Z(nitro))pyrrolidide; C093632:lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide; D004247:DNA; D004152:Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; C100151:dipeptidyl peptidase II; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; D008239:Lysine