title: Calpain-10 expression is elevated in pancreatic islets from patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calpain-10 was the first gene to be identified influencing the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by positioning cloning. Studies in beta-cell lines and rodent islets suggest that calpain-10 may act as a regulator of insulin secretion. However, its role in human pancreatic islets remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine if calpain-10 expression is altered in islets from patients with T2D and if the transcript level correlates with insulin release. We also tested if polymorphisms in the CAPN10 gene are associated with gene expression and insulin secretion in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calpain-10 mRNA expression was analysed in human pancreatic islets from 34 non-diabetic and 10 T2D multi-organ donors. CAPN10 SNP-43 and SNP-44 were genotyped and related to gene expression and insulin release in response to glucose, arginine and glibenclamide. The mRNA level of calpain-10 was elevated by 64% in pancreatic islets from patients with T2D compared with non-diabetic donors (P = 0.01). Moreover, the calpain-10 expression correlated positively with arginine-stimulated insulin release in islets from non-diabetic donors (r = 0.45, P = 0.015). However, this correlation was lost in islets from patients with T2D (r = 0.09; P = 0.8). The G/G variant of SNP-43 was associated with reduced insulin release in response to glucose (P</=0.04) in non-diabetic donors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While calpain-10 expression correlates with insulin release in non-diabetic human islets, this correlation is lost in T2D suggesting that a stimulatory effect of calpain-10 could be lost in patients with T2D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Malmö, Sweden. charlotte.ling@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Groop
authors.forename: Silvia Del
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lupi
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001483:Base Sequence; D002154:Calpain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017931:DNA Primers; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005905:Glyburide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000201:enzymology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001120:Arginine; D002154:Calpain; C415197:calpain 10; D005947:Glucose; D005905:Glyburide
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