title: Chitooligosaccharides protect human embryonic hepatocytes against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide.
abstract: Chitooligosaccharides (COS) has many biological activities, such as antitumor activity and hepatoprotective effect. Herein, we investigated the protective effect of COS against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress on human embryonic hepatocytes (L02 cells) and its scavenging activity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical in vitro. The results showed that the lost cell viability induced by H2O2 was markedly restored after 24 h pre-incubation with COS (0.1-0.4 mg/ml). This rescue effect could be related to the antioxidant property of COS, in which we showed that the radical scavenging activity of COS reached 80% at concentration of 2 mg/ml. In addition, COS could prevent cell apoptosis induced by H2O2, as shown by the inhibition of the cleavage of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Furthermore, we have utilized confocal laser microscopy to observe cellular uptake of COS, an important step for COS to exert its effects on target cells. Taken together, our findings suggested that COS could effectively protect L02 cells against oxidative stress, which might be useful in clinical setting during the treatment of oxidative stress-related liver damages.
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy Sciences, Zhongshan Street 457, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Qingsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Weiting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chengyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chuannan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Yuguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
references.citation: Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1995 Jun;209(2):104-11
references.pmid: 7770460
references.citation: J Nutr. 2004 Apr;134(4):945-50
references.pmid: 15051852
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Feb 11;327(2):628-36
references.pmid: 15629159
references.citation: Free Radic Res. 1997 May;26(5):469-78
references.pmid: 9179593
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Apr 30;317(2):414-20
references.pmid: 15063774
references.citation: J Immunol Methods. 1983 Dec 16;65(1-2):55-63
references.pmid: 6606682
references.citation: Cell. 1993 Oct 22;75(2):241-51
references.pmid: 7503812
references.citation: Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2006 May-Jun;8(3):203-26
references.pmid: 16532368
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 Mar;42(3):381-7
references.pmid: 14871580
references.citation: Pharmacol Res. 2009 Mar;59(3):167-75
references.pmid: 19121394
references.citation: Toxicol Sci. 2002 Feb;65(2):166-76
references.pmid: 11812920
references.citation: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Sep 15;231(3):393-400
references.pmid: 18586292
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2008 Aug;107(2):534-40
references.pmid: 18633031
references.citation: Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Sep;25(9):1161-4
references.pmid: 12230109
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2006 Aug 7;403(3):206-10
references.pmid: 16806694
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2007 Oct;105(4):1027-33, table of contents
references.pmid: 17898383
references.citation: Toxicol In Vitro. 2005 Feb;19(1):41-6
references.pmid: 15582354
references.citation: Carbohydr Res. 1999 Aug 15;320(3-4):257-60
references.pmid: 10573862
references.citation: Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Sep;26(9):1326-30
references.pmid: 12951480
references.citation: Life Sci. 2007 May 16;80(23):2118-2127
references.pmid: 17475286
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Jul;4(7):552-65
references.pmid: 12838338
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Jun;44(6):855-61
references.pmid: 16442198
references.citation: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000 May;278(5):G693-9
references.pmid: 10801261
references.citation: Bioorg Med Chem. 2005 Mar 1;13(5):1573-7
references.pmid: 15698774
references.citation: Hepatol Res. 2006 Jul;35(3):178-84
references.pmid: 16730224
references.citation: Mol Aspects Med. 2008 Feb-Apr;29(1-2):9-16
references.pmid: 18045675
references.citation: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006 May;290(5):G847-51
references.pmid: 16603728