title: Intrathecal glycine for pain and dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome.
abstract: Since glycinergic neurotransmission plays an important inhibitory role in the processing of sensory and motor information, intrathecal glycine (ITG) administration may be a potential therapy for both pain and movement disorders in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Aims of the current study, which is the first report on ITG in humans, were to evaluate its safety and efficacy. ITG treatment during 4 weeks was studied in CRPS patients with dystonia in the period before they received intrathecal baclofen treatment. Twenty patients were assessed and after exclusion of one patient, the remaining 19 patients were randomized in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Safety was assessed by clinical evaluation, blood examinations and electrocardiograms. Efficacy measures involved pain (numeric rating scale, McGill pain questionnaire), movement disorders (Burke-Fahn-Marsden dystonia rating scale, unified myoclonus rating scale, tremor research group rating scale), activity (Radboud skills questionnaire, walking ability questionnaire), and a clinical global impression (CGI) and patient's global impression score (PGI). Treatment-emergent adverse events were generally mild to moderate and not different from placebo treatment. During ITG treatment growth hormone levels were slightly increased. Although there was a trend to worsening on the CGI and PGI during ITG treatment, there were no significant differences between ITG and placebo treatment in any of the outcomes. ITG given over 4 weeks was ineffective for pain or dystonia in CRPS. Although no serious adverse events occurred, further studies are required to rule out potential neurotoxicity of ITG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Munts
authors.forename: Anton A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: van der Plas
authors.forename: Joan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Voormolen
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marinus
authors.forename: Irene M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Teepe-Twiss
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Onkenhout
authors.forename: Joop M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Gerven
authors.forename: Jacobus J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Hilten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020918:Complex Regional Pain Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004421:Dystonia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D005998:Glycine