title: The insulation performance of reactive parylene films in implantable electronic devices.
abstract: Parylene-C (poly-chloro-p-xylylene) is an appropriate material for use in an implantable, microfabricated device. It is hydrophobic, conformally deposited, has a low dielectric constant, and superb biocompatibility. Yet for many bioelectrical applications, its poor wet adhesion may be an impassable shortcoming. This research contrasts parylene-C and poly(p-xylylene) functionalized with reactive group X (PPX-X) layers using long-term electrical soak and adhesion tests. The reactive parylene was made of complementary derivatives having aldehyde and aminomethyl side groups (PPX-CHO and PPX-CH2NH2 respectively). These functional groups have previously been shown to covalently react together after heating. Electrical testing was conducted in saline at 37 degrees C on interdigitated electrodes with either parylene-C or reactive parylene as the metal layer interface. Results showed that reactive parylene devices maintained the highest impedance. Heat-treated PPX-X device impedance was 800% greater at 10kHz and 70% greater at 1Hz relative to heated parylene-C controls after 60 days. Heat treatment proved to be critical for maintaining high impedance of both parylene-C and the reactive parylene. Adhesion measurements showed improved wet metal adhesion for PPX-X, which corresponds well with its excellent high frequency performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA. seymourj@umich.edu
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.forename: Yaseen M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Elkasabi
authors.forename: Hsien-Yeh
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lahann
authors.forename: Daryl R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kipke
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014992:Xylenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; D014992:Xylenes; C513670:poly(p-xylylene); C011055:parylene
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