Maturational trajectories of cortical brain development through the pubertal transition: unique species and sex differences in the monkey revealed through structural magnetic resonance imaging.
Characterizing normal brain development in the rhesus macaque is a necessary prerequisite for establishing better nonhuman primate models of neuropathology. Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained on 37 rhesus monkeys (20 Male, 17 Female) between 10 and 64 months of age. Effects of age and sex were analyzed with a cross-sectional design. Gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes were determined for total brain and major cortical regions using an automatic segmentation and parcellation pipeline. Volumes of major subcortical structures were evaluated. Unlike neural maturation in humans, GM volumes did not show a postpubertal decline in most cortical regions, with the notable exception of the prefrontal cortex. Similar to humans, WM volumes increased through puberty with less change thereafter. Caudate, putamen, amygdala, and hippocampus increased linearly as did the corpus callosum. Males and females showed similar maturational patterns, although males had significantly larger brain volumes. Females had a proportionately larger caudate, putamen, and hippocampus, whereas males had both an absolute and relatively larger corpus callosum. The authors discuss the possible implications of these findings for research using the rhesus macaque as a model for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Knickmeyer
Rebecca C
RC
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. rebecca_knickmeyer@med.unc.edu
Styner
Martin
M
Short
Sarah J
SJ
Lubach
Gabriele R
GR
Kang
Chaeryon
C
Hamer
Robert
R
Coe
Christopher L
CL
Gilmore
John H
JH
D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000254:growth & development; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
Dev Med Child Neurol. 1990 May;32(5):379-85
2354751
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1992 Mar;87(3):349-57
1562061
Cereb Cortex. 2001 Jun;11(6):552-7
11375916
J Comp Neurol. 1972 Nov;146(3):335-54
4628749
Brain Res. 1998 Nov 23;812(1-2):38-49
9813233
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006;30(6):718-29
16887188
Cereb Cortex. 2001 Jun;11(6):490-7
11375910
Brain Res. 2000 Jan 10;852(2):263-7
10678751
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000 Jan;21(1):112-8
10669234
Arch Neurol. 1994 Sep;51(9):874-87
8080387
J Neurosci. 1991 Nov;11(11):3344-58
1682426
Science. 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):232-5
3952506
J Neurosci. 2004 Sep 22;24(38):8223-31
15385605
J Child Neurol. 1990 Apr;5(2):127-30
2345279
Neuroimage. 2003 Apr;18(4):880-94
12725764
Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2006 Oct;77(5):471-84
17066419
J Neurosci. 2008 Sep 17;28(38):9519-24
18799683
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1997 Sep;21(5):581-601
9353793
Child Dev. 1990 Jun;61(3):893-910
2364762
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1997 Nov;21(8):1185-201
9460086
Radiology. 2000 Sep;216(3):672-82
10966694
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999 Jan;40(1):113-28
10102728
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008 Aug;33(7):909-15
18640784
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Oct 14;105(41):15979-84
18852461
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1998 Aug;33(8):380-6
9708025
Dev Psychopathol. 2001 Spring;13(2):355-75
11393651
J Hum Evol. 1999 Feb;36(2):233-8
10068068
JAMA. 2001 Jun 27;285(24):3093-9
11427137
J Comp Neurol. 1982 Sep 20;210(3):307-15
7142445
Nat Neurosci. 1999 Oct;2(10):861-3
10491603
J Psychiatr Res. 1982-1983;17(4):319-34
7187776
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 17;95(6):3168-71
9501234
Neuroimage. 2007 Jul 15;36(4):1065-73
17513132
J Neurosci. 1993 Jul;13(7):2801-20
8331373
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;42(1):83-8
18058448
Neuroimage. 2001 Sep;14(3):685-700
11506541
Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Dec;154(12):1648-54
9396941
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2003 Jan;44(1):64-87
12553413
Schizophr Res. 1996 Jul;21(1):1-12
8864248
Sci Am. 1962 Nov;207:136-46
13952839
Cereb Cortex. 1996 Sep-Oct;6(5):726-36
8921207
Dev Psychobiol. 2002 Sep;41(2):178-85
12209659
Cereb Cortex. 1996 Jul-Aug;6(4):551-60
8670681
Neurosci Res Program Bull. 1982 Apr;20(4):429-611
7121834
Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1989 Nov 1;50(1):11-32
2582602
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Jan;33(1):141-65
17805309
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 Jan;34(1):90-105
18800061
J Neurosci. 1999 May 15;19(10):4065-72
10234034
J Neurosci. 2008 Nov 19;28(47):12176-82
19020011
J Neurosci. 2007 Feb 7;27(6):1255-60
17287499
Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Dec;24(11):3204-12
17156381
Neuroimage. 2008 Dec;43(4):657-64
18805494
Neuroscience. 1997 Oct;80(4):1149-58
9284067
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 May;58(5):461-5
11343525
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1989 Mar;30(2):219-30
2708462
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 11;96(10):5768-73
10318959
Brain. 1996 Oct;119 ( Pt 5):1763-74
8931596
Neuroimage. 2006 Jul 1;31(3):1116-28
16545965
Cereb Cortex. 1994 Jan-Feb;4(1):78-96
8180493
J Autism Child Schizophr. 1971 Oct-Dec;1(4):368-75
5173768
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1993 Dec;92(4):481-98
8296877
Brain Res. 2008 Aug 21;1226:56-60
18619575
Ann Neurol. 1978 Oct;4(4):345-56
727739
Lancet. 2006 Jul 15;368(9531):210-5
16844490
Schizophr Res. 2005 Mar 1;73(2-3):193-207
15653262
Cereb Cortex. 1994 Jul-Aug;4(4):344-60
7950308
Am Sci. 1971 Sep-Oct;59(5):538-49
5004085