title: Effectiveness of treatments for severe sepsis: a prospective, multicenter, observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines recommendations are reevaluated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effectiveness of treatments recommended in the sepsis guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective observational study, we studied all adult patients with severe sepsis from 77 intensive care units. We recorded compliance with four therapeutic goals (central venous pressure 8 mm Hg or greater for persistent hypotension despite fluid resuscitation and/or lactate greater than 36 mg/dl, central venous oxygen saturation 70% or greater for persistent hypotension despite fluid resuscitation and/or lactate greater than 36 mg/dl, blood glucose greater than or equal to the lower limit of normal but less than 150 mg/dl, and inspiratory plateau pressure less than 30 cm H(2)O for mechanically ventilated patients) and four treatments (early broad-spectrum antibiotics, fluid challenge in the event of hypotension and/or lactate greater than 36 mg/dl, low-dose steroids for septic shock, drotrecogin alfa [activated] for multiorgan failure). The primary outcome measure was hospital mortality. The effectiveness of each treatment was estimated using propensity scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2,796 patients, 41.6% died before hospital discharge. Treatments associated with lower hospital mortality were early broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment (treatment within 1 hour vs. no treatment within first 6 hours of diagnosis; odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.90; P = 0.008) and drotrecogin alfa (activated) (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.84; P = 0.004). Fluid challenge and low-dose steroids showed no benefits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In severe sepsis, early administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics in all patients and administration of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in the most severe patients reduce mortality.
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Center, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain. rferrer@tauli.cat
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artigas
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palencia
authors.forename: Mitchell M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arenzana
authors.forename: Xose Luis
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Josep-Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sirvent
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011486:Protein C / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011486:Protein C; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C421124:drotrecogin alfa activated