The diagnosis and treatment of shoulder injuries in the throwing athlete.
OBJECTIVE
To discuss the general diagnostic and therapeutic considerations involved in managing patients with shoulder injury.


METHODS
Medline search going back 10 years, and using the key terms "throwing" and "shoulder injuries."


RESULTS
Papers which evaluated current treatment protocols as determined by previously published papers in peer reviewed journals or textbooks that had no confounding variables were examined.


RESULTS
The throwing motion is a complex maneuver which requires coordination of a variety of structures. Depending upon the specific kind of injury, rehabilitation may involve numerous different approaches. A 4-phase rehabilitation program is described.


CONCLUSIONS
Synthesis of the literature regarding management of throwing injuries is described.
Napolitano
Ralph
R
Brady
David M
DM
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