title: Early hypospadias surgery may lead to a better long-term psychosexual outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated long-term outcomes in boys treated for hypospadias at Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne.
  
  
  METHODS
  Boys who underwent hypospadias surgery were reviewed at ages 13 to 15 years. Surgical results were evaluated using the Hypospadias Objective Scoring Evaluation. Lower urinary tract function was assessed using uroflowmetry and symptom questionnaire. Self-report surveys measured quality of life, patient satisfaction, memory of surgery, psychosexual outcomes and parent satisfaction with care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By Hypospadias Objective Scoring Evaluation score 80% of patients had an excellent surgical outcome. Two independent reviewers assessed lower urinary tract function as normal in 82% and 86% of cases, respectively. Quality of life scores were comparable to published values in normal children. Parents rated the institution highly. Overall 90% and 81% of boys were satisfied with the body and genital appearance, respectively. Those dissatisfied with genital appearance had poorer psychosexual outcomes than satisfied patients. When surgery was completed before age 5 years, boys had no perioperative memories. An association was found between no recollection of surgery and satisfaction with body appearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Objective surgical and functional outcomes are excellent after early surgery. Post-repair quality of life is comparable to published data on normal children. Parents are pleased with care. Most boys are satisfied with the body and genital appearance. However, those dissatisfied with genital appearance must be identified in the interest of psychosexual development. The association between no recollection of treatment and satisfaction with body appearance suggests that surgery should be completed before age 5 years when possible to allow the development of good body image in adolescence.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Brendan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: Bridget R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Southwell
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hutson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011606:Psychosexual Development; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome