title: Acute exercise reverses TRB3 expression in the skeletal muscle and ameliorates whole body insulin sensitivity in diabetic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  TRB3 became of major interest in diabetes research when it was shown to interact with and inhibit the activity of Akt. Conversely, physical exercise has been linked to improved glucose homeostasis. Thus, the current study was designed to investigate the effects of acute exercise on TRB3 expression and whole body insulin sensitivity in obese diabetic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice swam for two 3-h-long bouts, separated by a 45-min rest period. After the second bout of exercise, food was withdrawn 6 h before antibody analysis. Eight hours after the exercise protocol, the mice were submitted to an insulin tolerance test (ITT). Gastrocnemius muscle samples were evaluated for insulin receptor (IR) and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, Akt serine phosphorylation, TRB3/Akt association and membrane GLUT4 expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Western blot analysis showed that TRB3 expression was reduced in the gastrocnemius of leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice submitted to exercise when compared with respective ob/ob mice at rest. In parallel, there was an increase in the insulin-signalling pathway in skeletal muscle from leptin-deficient mice after exercise. Furthermore, the GLUT4 membrane expression was increased in the muscle after the exercise protocol. Finally, a single session of exercise improved the glucose disappearance (K(ITT)) rate in ob/ob mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that acute exercise reverses TRB3 expression and insulin signalling restoration in muscle. Thus, these results provide new insights into the mechanism by which physical activity ameliorates whole body insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Unicsul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Ropelle
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pauli
authors.forename: M J S
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Frederico
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Pinho
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Velloso
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: De Souza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; C474830:TRB3 protein, mouse