title: Modifying the alkylglucosinolate profile in Arabidopsis thaliana alters the tritrophic interaction with the herbivore Brevicoryne brassicae and parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae.
abstract: Arabidopsis thaliana was used as an experimental model plant to investigate a tritrophic interaction between the plant, a specialist aphid herbivore, Brevicoryne brassicae, and its natural enemy, the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae. The A. thaliana ecotype Col-5 was transformed with a functional 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (BniGSL-ALK) that converts 3-methylsulfinylpropylglucosinolate and 4-methylsulfinylbutylglucosinolate to 2-propenylglucosinolate and 3-butenylglucosinolate, respectively. This transformation results in a change in the glucosinolate hydrolysis profile where 3-butenylisothiocyanate, 2-propenylisothiocyanate and 5-vinyloxazolidine-2-thione are produced in contrast to the wild-type plant where 4-methylsulfinylbutylisothiocyanate is the main product. Performance of B. brassicae was affected negatively by transforming Col-5 with BniGSL-ALK in terms of mean relative growth rates. In a series of behavioral bioassays, naïve D. rapae females were able to discriminate between B. brassicae infested and uninfested Col-5 plants transformed with BniGSL-ALK, with parasitoids showing a preference for B. brassicae infested plants. By contrast, naïve D. rapae females were unable to discriminate between aphid infested and uninfested Col-5 plants. Subsequent air entrainments of B. brassicae infested Col-5 plants transformed with BniGSL-ALK further confirmed the presence of 3-butenylisothiocyanate in the headspace. By contrast, no glucosinolate hydrolysis products were recorded from similarly infested Col-5 plants.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kissen
authors.forename: Tom W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: Murray
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pickett
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rossiter
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000254:growth & development*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000737:chemistry*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000254:growth & development*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005961:Glucosinolates
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