title: Long-term vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
abstract: The long-term effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on seizure frequency were studied in 30 patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Median observation time was 52 months (17-123). The effect parameters investigated were total number of seizures and different seizure types. The median reduction in number of seizures was 60.6%. The effects of VNS varied considerably between seizure types. Best effects were observed with atonic seizures (80.8% median reduction, number of responders: 8/12), followed closely by tonic seizures (73.3% median reduction, number of responders: 8/13). Least effects were with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (median reduction 57.4%, number of responders: 11/20). Additional positive effects included milder or shorter ictal or postictal phase in 16 patients. Improved alertness was reported in 76.7%. Adverse effects, of which drooling and voice alteration were most frequent, were reported in 20 patients. There was a statistically significant reduction in the median number of antiepileptic drugs used. The discontinuation rate was 16.7%.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epilepsy, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. konstantin.kostovbg@gmail.com
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kostov
authors.forename: Hrisimir
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kostov
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taubøll
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001703:Biophysics; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055536:Vagus Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants