title: Cardio-ankle vascular index as a predictor of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling elderly people: four-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relation between markers of generalized atherosclerosis and cognitive impairment in old age is controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) as a predictor of longitudinal changes in cognitive function in older individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the cognitive function in elderly people with high (AS(+)) and low (AS(-)) values of CAVI each year over 4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The changes in the Hasegawa Dementia Scale Revised (HDS-R) and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) at 4 years were significantly larger in the AS(+) group (AS(+) vs. AS(-) = -1.8 +/- 4.4 vs. 0.3 +/- 2.8 points and -1.1 +/- 3.0 vs. 0.1 +/- 2.3 points, p = 0.008 and 0.03, respectively). The annual changes in the HDS-R were significantly decreased from baseline at 1 year later to 4 years later in AS(+) (baseline vs. 1, 2, 3, 4 years = 26.5 vs. 25.0, 25.5, 25.7, 24.8 points, p < 0.001); in comparison, the annual changes in MMSE significantly decreased from the baseline over the 4 years in AS (+) (baseline vs. 1, 2, 3, 4 years = 26.8 vs. 26.2, 25.8, 26.4, 25.7 points, p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that elderly people with a high CAVI value are at a greater risk of cognitive decline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East, Arakawa, Tokyo, Japan. in1195@poh.osaka-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naomune
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Gaku
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Motonao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takasugi
authors.forename: Shougo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishine
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsubayashi
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanafusa
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsuka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis