title: Calicivirus and Giardia lamblia are associated with diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients from southeast Brazil.
abstract: To study enteropathogens, 100 fecal samples were collected from a Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive population, with or without diarrhea. Giardia lamblia and calicivirus were significantly associated with diarrhea as were severe immunosuppression and the presence of at least one enteropathogen. No sample was positive for rotavirus and only one asymptomatic individual carried the astrovirus. We concluded that there is a great diversity of pathogens and opportunistic infections in the studied population, with a high prevalence of mixed colonization/infection. Our findings pave the way for future molecular studies related to the expression of virulence factors and to the possibility of pathogen-pathogen interactions, especially between G. lamblia and calicivirus. These findings are relevant to the improvement of therapies and controlling diarrhea in the HIV-seropositive population.
authors.affiliation: University Center of Rio Preto (UNIRP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. acmusa23@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Ana Carolina M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Yvone B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Gabbay
authors.forename: Joana D'arc
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mascarenhas
authors.forename: Marcela B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Yassaka
authors.forename: Luciana C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Valéria D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Célia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Ricardo Luiz D
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Andréa Regina B
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rossit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002139:Caliciviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male