title: The identification in primary care of patients who have been repeatedly referred to hospital for medically unexplained symptoms: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed (a) to test a method of identifying patients who have been repeatedly referred (RR) from primary care to medical outpatient clinics where they have received multiple diagnoses of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) and (b) to describe the prevalence and characteristics of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  RR patients with MUS (RRMUS) were arbitrarily defined as those with (a) five or more referrals in a 5-year period and (b) a specialist final diagnosis of MUS for at least three of these referrals. A two-stage method of identifying these patients was piloted in one primary care practice: Stage 1 used computerized health service data to identify RR; Stage 2 used manual case note review to identify referrals that ended with specialist diagnoses of MUS. The RRMUS patients identified were asked to complete a questionnaire, a psychiatric diagnostic interview, and their GPs were asked to rate how "difficult to manage" they were.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The process was feasible and reasonably accurate. From 6770 registered patients aged 18 to 65 years, 23 (0.3%) were identified as RRMUS. They accounted for 157 referrals over the 5-year period. Sixteen agreed to further assessment, and 8 (50%) had a current anxiety or depressive disorder. GPs rated only 8 (50%) as "difficult to manage."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This two-stage procedure offers a practical method of identifying RRMUS patients in primary care as a first step in achieving more cost-effective care. These patients have substantial psychiatric morbidity.
authors.affiliation: The School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kelly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: McGorm
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharpe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008511:Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013038:Specialization