title: Challenges and perspectives in vaccination against leishmaniasis.
abstract: The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and affect millions of people worldwide. The leishmaniases are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by phlebotomine sand flies. In this review, we focus on several issues that have been poorly addressed in ongoing efforts to develop a vaccine against Leishmania, namely: vaccination with antigens present in sand fly saliva, vaccines based on intracellular Leishmania antigens, and use of recombinant BCG as a vehicle for vaccination. Additionally, we address the differences between L. major and L. braziliensis and the impact that these differences may have on strategies for immunoprophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz-FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Ivan P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: Aldina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barral
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Manoel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barral-Netto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000276:immunology*; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000276:immunology*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000235:genetics; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines