title: Memory T-cell responses to Vibrio cholerae O1 infection.
abstract: Vibrio cholerae O1 can cause diarrheal disease that may be life-threatening without treatment. Natural infection results in long-lasting protective immunity, but the role of T cells in this immune response has not been well characterized. In contrast, robust B-cell responses to V. cholerae infection have been observed. In particular, memory B-cell responses to T-cell-dependent antigens persist for at least 1 year, whereas responses to lipopolysaccharide, a T-cell-independent antigen, wane more rapidly after infection. We hypothesize that protective immunity is mediated by anamnestic responses of memory B cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and T-cell responses may be required to generate and maintain durable memory B-cell responses. In this study, we examined B- and T-cell responses in patients with severe V. cholerae infection. Using the flow cytometric assay of the specific cell-mediated immune response in activated whole blood, we measured antigen-specific T-cell responses using V. cholerae antigens, including the toxin-coregulated pilus (TcpA), a V. cholerae membrane preparation, and the V. cholerae cytolysin/hemolysin (VCC) protein. Our results show that memory T-cell responses develop by day 7 after infection, a time prior to and concurrent with the development of B-cell responses. This suggests that T-cell responses to V. cholerae antigens may be important for the generation and stability of memory B-cell responses. The T-cell proliferative response to VCC was of a higher magnitude than responses observed to other V. cholerae antigens.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Ana A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arifuzzaman
authors.forename: Taufiqur R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Bhuiyan
authors.forename: Regina C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: LaRocque
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Azim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Abdullah A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tarique
authors.forename: Alaullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: Fahima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: Ashraful I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Farhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murshed
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Kalyan K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Firdausi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Calderwood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002771:Cholera / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial
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