title: Treatment of obese adolescents: the influence of periodization models and ACE genotype.
abstract: The aims of the present study were to compare the effects of two periodization models on metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese adolescents and verify whether the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype is important in establishing these effects. A total of 32 postpuberty obese adolescents were submitted to aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) for 14 weeks. The subjects were divided into linear periodization (LP, n = 16) or daily undulating periodization (DUP, n = 16). Body composition, visceral and subcutaneous fat, glycemia, insulinemia, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profiles, blood pressure, maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2max)), resting metabolic rate (RMR), muscular endurance were analyzed at baseline and after intervention. Both groups demonstrated a significant reduction in body mass, BMI, body fat, visceral and subcutaneous fat, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure and an increase in fat-free mass, VO(2max), and muscular endurance. However, only DUP promoted a reduction in insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR. It is important to emphasize that there was no statics difference between LP and DUP groups; however, it appears that there may be bigger changes in the DUP than LP group in some of the metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese adolescents with regard to the effect size (ES). Both periodization models presented a large effect on muscular endurance. Despite the limitation of sample size, our results suggested that the ACE genotype may influence the functional and metabolic characteristics of obese adolescents and may be considered in the future strategies for massive obesity control.
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista Medicine School, UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil. denisfoschini@gmail.com
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Foschini
authors.forename: Ronaldo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Reury F P
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Bacurau
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Piano
authors.forename: Sandro S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: De Almeida
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carnier
authors.forename: Thiago D S
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Marco T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: De Mello
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: Ana R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dâmaso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008954:Models, Biological; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D002784:Cholesterol; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A