title: A G-rich sequence within the c-kit oncogene promoter forms a parallel G-quadruplex having asymmetric G-tetrad dynamics.
abstract: Guanine-rich DNA sequences with the ability to form quadruplex structures are enriched in the promoter regions of protein-coding genes, particularly those of proto-oncogenes. G-quadruplexes are structurally polymorphic and their folding topologies can depend on the sample conditions. We report here on a structural study using solution state NMR spectroscopy of a second G-quadruplex-forming motif (c-kit2) that has been recently identified in the promoter region of the c-kit oncogene. In the presence of potassium ions, c-kit2 exists as an ensemble of structures that share the same parallel-stranded propeller-type conformations. Subtle differences in structural dynamics have been identified using hydrogen-deuterium exchange experiments by NMR spectroscopy, suggesting the coexistence of at least two structurally similar but dynamically distinct substates, which undergo slow interconversion on the NMR timescale.
authors.affiliation: University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Shang-Te Danny
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Varnai
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bugaut
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Reszka
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neidle
authors.forename: Shankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D041961:Deuterium Exchange Measurement; D054856:G-Quadruplexes; D020862:GC Rich Sequence; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
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