title: Advances of cancer therapy by nanotechnology.
abstract: Recent developments in nanotechnology offer researchers opportunities to significantly transform cancer therapeutics. This technology has enabled the manipulation of the biological and physicochemical properties of nanomaterials to facilitate more efficient drug targeting and delivery. Clinical investigations suggest that therapeutic nanoparticles can enhance efficacy and reduced side effects compared with conventional cancer therapeutic drugs. Encouraged by rapid and promising progress in cancer nanotechnology, researchers continue to develop novel and efficacious nanoparticles for drug delivery. The use of therapeutic nanoparticles as unique drug delivery systems will be a significant addition to current cancer therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yiqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhuo Georgia
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dong M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shin
references.citation: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Sep;7(9):771-82
references.pmid: 18758474
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 1998 Jul 28;275(2):175-84
references.pmid: 9721075
references.citation: J Control Release. 2003 Dec 5;93(2):151-60
references.pmid: 14636721
references.citation: Leuk Lymphoma. 2005 Jun;46(6):795-802
references.pmid: 16019523
references.citation: Anticancer Drugs. 2001 Apr;12(4):315-23
references.pmid: 11335787
references.citation: Int J Nanomedicine. 2007;2(4):567-83
references.pmid: 18203425
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jan 1;21(1):148-57
references.pmid: 12506184
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2002 Nov 27;124(47):13982-3
references.pmid: 12440882
references.citation: J Infus Nurs. 2007 Mar-Apr;30(2):89-95; quiz 120
references.pmid: 17413493
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 1;10(11):3708-16
references.pmid: 15173077
references.citation: Int J Pharm. 2004 Aug 20;281(1-2):129-32
references.pmid: 15288350
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 15;20(6):1668-76
references.pmid: 11896118
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2002 Jul-Aug;22(4):2131-5
references.pmid: 12174894
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2005 Sep 19;93(6):678-87
references.pmid: 16222314
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Jan 15;11(2 Pt 1):703-11
references.pmid: 15701859
references.citation: Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2004 Jun;4(4):313-26
references.pmid: 15180497
references.citation: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004 Apr 23;56(7):1023-50
references.pmid: 15066758
references.citation: Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Jun;7(8):1041-53
references.pmid: 16722814
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2007 Jul 16;97(2):170-6
references.pmid: 17595665
references.citation: Head Neck. 2009 Apr;31(4):475-81
references.pmid: 19072997
references.citation: Curr Drug Deliv. 2005 Oct;2(4):369-81
references.pmid: 16305440
references.citation: Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;61(4):579-85
references.pmid: 17520255
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 1997 Feb;15(2):653-9
references.pmid: 9053490
references.citation: Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;55(4):323-332
references.pmid: 15517271
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2001 Apr;12(4):493-6
references.pmid: 11398881
references.citation: Acc Chem Res. 2001 Mar;34(3):181-90
references.pmid: 11263876
references.citation: Int J Hyperthermia. 1994 Jul-Aug;10(4):457-83
references.pmid: 7963805
references.citation: J Clin Pathol. 1983 May;36(5):539-45
references.pmid: 6302135
references.citation: Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 1999;16(3):245-88
references.pmid: 10706520
references.citation: Bioconjug Chem. 2001 Jan-Feb;12(1):129-33
references.pmid: 11170375
references.citation: Bioconjug Chem. 2000 Mar-Apr;11(2):131-9
references.pmid: 10725088
references.citation: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2006 Mar;25(1):9-34
references.pmid: 16680569
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 18;103(16):6315-20
references.pmid: 16606824
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Feb;7(2):223-5
references.pmid: 11234871
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2003 Jul 15;63(14):4062-6
references.pmid: 12874007
references.citation: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 1999 Apr 1;38(7):884-905
references.pmid: 29711851
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Apr 3;104(14):5715-21
references.pmid: 17379663
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 1996 Jun;32A(6):1070-81
references.pmid: 8763349
references.citation: Anal Biochem. 2005 Jan 15;336(2):213-20
references.pmid: 15620886
references.citation: J Control Release. 2004 Nov 24;100(2):247-56
references.pmid: 15544872
references.citation: Nihon Rinsho. 2006 Feb;64(2):316-21
references.pmid: 16454187
references.citation: Protein Expr Purif. 2002 Dec;26(3):455-61
references.pmid: 12460770
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2000 Aug 1;60(15):4251-5
references.pmid: 10945638
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Nov 1;23(31):7794-803
references.pmid: 16172456
references.citation: Drug Resist Updat. 2003 Oct;6(5):271-9
references.pmid: 14643297
references.citation: Cytokine. 2000 Nov;12(11):1691-701
references.pmid: 11052821
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Jun 1;11(11):4136-43
references.pmid: 15930349
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 27;96(9):5182-7
references.pmid: 10220440
references.citation: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2003 Feb 10;55(2):217-50
references.pmid: 12564978
references.citation: Gynecol Oncol. 2004 Apr;93(1):229-32
references.pmid: 15047241
references.citation: Chem Rev. 1999 Jul 14;99(7):1665-1688
references.pmid: 11849007
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 15;66(20):10048-56
references.pmid: 17047068
references.citation: Pharm Res. 2006 Jan;23(1):1-30
references.pmid: 16392022
references.citation: Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2003 Jun;5(3):326-30
references.pmid: 12870445
references.citation: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004 Sep 22;56(11):1649-59
references.pmid: 15350294
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 1964 May;8:660-8
references.pmid: 14187392
references.citation: Cancer. 2006 Aug 1;107(3):459-66
references.pmid: 16795065
references.citation: Bioconjug Chem. 2002 May-Jun;13(3):462-7
references.pmid: 12009934
references.citation: Cancer Invest. 2005;23(8):671-6
references.pmid: 16377585
references.citation: Invest New Drugs. 2002 Aug;20(3):343-9
references.pmid: 12201498
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 May 27;1663(1-2):167-77
references.pmid: 15157619
references.citation: Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;343:85-93
references.pmid: 2198586
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2004 Jun 14;90(12):2261-7
references.pmid: 15150611
references.citation: Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Feb;113(2):429-41
references.pmid: 17208306
references.citation: Oncogene. 2004 Apr 29;23(20):3613-21
references.pmid: 15034547
references.citation: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2004 Nov 26;43(46):6323-7
references.pmid: 15558662
references.citation: Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1818-22
references.pmid: 15031496
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2005 Jun 15;65(12):5317-24
references.pmid: 15958579
references.citation: J Control Release. 2005 Mar 21;103(2):405-18
references.pmid: 15763623
references.citation: Int J Pharm. 2005 May 30;296(1-2):151-61
references.pmid: 15885467
references.citation: Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2007;7(2):72-4
references.pmid: 17652807
references.citation: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2000 Mar 30;41(2):147-62
references.pmid: 10699311
references.citation: Toxicol Lett. 2006 Feb 20;161(2):115-23
references.pmid: 16165331
references.citation: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1995 Feb;130(2):272-9
references.pmid: 7871540
references.citation: Acta Biochim Pol. 2001;48(1):199-208
references.pmid: 11440170
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Oct;24(10):1211-7
references.pmid: 17033654
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Aug 13;130(32):10643-7
references.pmid: 18642918
references.citation: Pharm Res. 1998 Oct;15(10):1552-6
references.pmid: 9794497
references.citation: Langmuir. 2004 Dec 21;20(26):11726-31
references.pmid: 15595804
references.citation: Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2004 Nov;13(11):1501-8
references.pmid: 15500397
references.citation: Mol Pharm. 2005 Sep-Oct;2(5):373-83
references.pmid: 16196490
references.citation: J Immunol. 2002 Jul 1;169(1):476-86
references.pmid: 12077279
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2004 May 15;10(10):3386-95
references.pmid: 15161693
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Jan;26(1):83-90
references.pmid: 18157119
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2006 Jul 1;66(13):6732-40
references.pmid: 16818648
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 19;105(7):2586-91
references.pmid: 18272481
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2004 Jul 5;91(1):50-5
references.pmid: 15187995
references.citation: Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006 May;57(5):654-62
references.pmid: 16133526
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Mar;108(2):241-50
references.pmid: 17476588
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2004 Nov 15;91(10):1775-81
references.pmid: 15477860
references.citation: Invest New Drugs. 1993 May-Aug;11(2-3):187-95
references.pmid: 7505268
references.citation: Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006 Dec;58(6):759-64
references.pmid: 16847673
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Mar 15;14(6):1888-96
references.pmid: 18347192
references.citation: Drug Discov Today. 2001 Apr 1;6(8):427-436
references.pmid: 11301287
references.citation: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008 Aug 17;60(11):1252-65
references.pmid: 18558452
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Jul;26(7):799-807
references.pmid: 18587385
references.citation: Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2007 Sep;60(4):523-33
references.pmid: 17308894
references.citation: J Control Release. 2006 Sep 12;114(3):300-6
references.pmid: 16884806
references.citation: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2008;47(28):5122-35
references.pmid: 18574805
references.citation: Invest New Drugs. 2007 Aug;25(4):385-90
references.pmid: 17364234
references.citation: Acc Chem Res. 2001 Mar;34(3):249-56
references.pmid: 11263883
references.citation: Oncogene. 2006 Aug 7;25(34):4633-46
references.pmid: 16892078
references.citation: Mol Pharm. 2005 May-Jun;2(3):194-205
references.pmid: 15934780
references.citation: Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 1985;1(4):311-74
references.pmid: 2420476
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 11;105(45):17356-61
references.pmid: 18978032
references.citation: Chem Commun (Camb). 2008 Dec 28;(48):6570-2
references.pmid: 19057782
references.citation: Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2003 Nov;52(5):424-30
references.pmid: 12904897
references.citation: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2003 May;2(5):347-60
references.pmid: 12750738
references.citation: Pharm Res. 2007 Jun;24(6):1029-46
references.pmid: 17385025
references.citation: J Control Release. 2001 Dec 13;77(3):191-8
references.pmid: 11733087
references.citation: J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 Nov 21;702(1-2):181-91
references.pmid: 9449570
references.citation: Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2005 May;3(5):348-9
references.pmid: 16167008
references.citation: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2002 Sep 13;54(5):695-713
references.pmid: 12204599
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Mar 1;12(5):1606-14
references.pmid: 16533788
references.citation: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1987;6(4):559-93
references.pmid: 3327633
references.citation: J Control Release. 1999 Jun 28;60(1):121-8
references.pmid: 10370176
references.citation: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Nov 1;232(3):418-27
references.pmid: 18708083
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2008 Mar-Apr;58(2):97-110
references.pmid: 18227410
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2004 Jun 1;90(11):2085-91
references.pmid: 15150584
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Sep 25;104(39):15549-54
references.pmid: 17875985
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 1999 Sep;81(1):99-107
references.pmid: 10487619
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2006 Oct 9;95(7):822-8
references.pmid: 16969346
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Mar 1;14(5):1310-6
references.pmid: 18316549
references.citation: J Biomed Mater Res. 1996 Jan;30(1):53-65
references.pmid: 8788106
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2005 Apr 11;92(7):1240-6
references.pmid: 15785749
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2007 Dec;18(12):2009-14
references.pmid: 17785767
references.citation: Mol Ther. 2007 Jun;15(6):1145-52
references.pmid: 17440441
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Nov 1;11(21):7834-40
references.pmid: 16278406
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 May 13;100(10):6039-44
references.pmid: 12716967
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2004 Aug;22(8):969-76
references.pmid: 15258594
references.citation: J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2007 Mar 12;43(4):1290-6
references.pmid: 17127025
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2006 Sep 4;95(5):601-6
references.pmid: 16909136
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2004 Mar;15(3):517-25
references.pmid: 14998859
references.citation: Clin Lung Cancer. 2006 May;7(6):417-9
references.pmid: 16800969
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2000 Dec 15;60(24):6950-7
references.pmid: 11156395