title: Nanoporous TiO(2) thin film on titanium oral implants for enhanced human soft tissue adhesion: a light and electron microscopy study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous experimental studies have demonstrated direct soft tissue attachment for nanoporous titanium dioxide (TiO(2) ) thin film on implants, while implants without TiO(2) thin film have not shown this capability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims were to evaluate and compare TiO(2) surface-modified experimental microimplants with unmodified microimplants with respect to tissue interaction of the human oral mucosa evaluated by light microscopy on ground sections and semithin sections and transmission electron microscopy on ultrathin sections, and to characterize the inflammatory response and the level of the marginal bone resorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a single-center, randomized, comparative, clinical investigation with intrasubject comparison of implants with and without TiO(2) thin film in 15 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two comparator microimplants showed mild erythema and expulsion of fluids. The surrounding tissues around all test implants were clinically healthy. The oral mucosa in contact with the abutment part of the microimplant was 72% for the test implants and 48% for the comparator implants, a statistically significant difference (p =.0268). No statistically significant difference was found in other histological variables. The marginal bone loss in 14 weeks was 0.5 mm for the stable test (n = 11) and 1.7 mm for the stable comparator implants (n = 9; p = .0248).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nanoporous TiO(2) surface modification has potential clinical benefits because of increased adherence of soft tissue and possible reduced bone resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Malmö University, Sweden. ann.wennerberg@mah.se
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wennerberg
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fröjd
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nannmark
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emanuelsson
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Josefsson
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kangasniemi
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peltola
authors.forename: Teemu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tirri
authors.forename: Tuija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pänkäläinen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D000044:Dental Abutments; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000502:physiology*; D058608:Nanopores; D061366:Numbers Needed To Treat; D011859:Radiography; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium