title: Calcium and titanium release in simulated body fluid from plasma electrolytically oxidized titanium.
abstract: The release of titanium and calcium species to a simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 degrees C has been investigated for titanium treated by dc plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in three different electrolytes, namely phosphate, silicate and calcium- and phosphorus-containing. The average rate of release of titanium over a 30 day period in immersion tests, determined by solution analysis, was in the range approximately 1.5-2.0 pg cm(-2) s(-1). Calcium was released at an average rate of approximately 11 pg cm(-2) s(-1). The passive current densities, determined from potentiodynamic polarization measurements, suggested titanium losses of a similar order to those determined from immersion tests. However, the possibility of film formation does not allow for discrimination between the metal releases due to electrochemical oxidation of titanium and chemical dissolution of the coating.
authors.affiliation: Corrosion and Protection Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matykina
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skeldon
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004572:Electrolysis; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007101:Immersion; D008422:Materials Testing; D008954:Models, Biological; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011199:Potentiometry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004573:Electrolytes; D014025:Titanium; D002118:Calcium
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2004 Feb;25(4):593-606
references.pmid: 14607497
references.citation: Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1995 Jul;12(3):519-44
references.pmid: 7553538
references.citation: J Biomed Mater Res. 1979 Mar;13(2):217-50
references.pmid: 429392
references.citation: Biomaterials. 1998 Jan-Feb;19(1-3):85-92
references.pmid: 9678854
references.citation: Biomed Mater Eng. 1995;5(3):161-7
references.pmid: 8555966
references.citation: Acta Biomater. 2007 Sep;3(5):817-27
references.pmid: 17478133
references.citation: Int J Artif Organs. 2006 Apr;29(4):434-42
references.pmid: 16705613
references.citation: J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2005 Oct;16(10):883-8
references.pmid: 16167096
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2001 Jul;22(14):2043-8
references.pmid: 11426884