title: Influence of exercise on the circulating levels and macrophage production of IL-1beta and IFNgamma affected by metabolic syndrome: an obese Zucker rat experimental animal model.
abstract: Regular physical activity is recognized as a non-pharmacological treatment of genetic obesity and type-II diabetes, and based on the "anti-inflammatory" effects of exercise, it has been also proposed for improving the "chronic low-grade inflammation" in metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of an habitual exercise program (running, 5 days/week for 35 min at 35 cm/s for 14 weeks) and of a bout of acute exercise (running, for 35 min at 35 cm/s) on MS-associated disorders in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IFNgamma. The study was carried out on obese Zucker rats (fa/fa). The obese rats presented higher circulating concentrations and constitutive macrophage production (in the absence of antigenic stimulus) of IL-1beta (but not of IFNgamma). But their production of both IL-1beta and IFNgamma by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages was lower than that of the control lean rats. Our protocol of exercise training did not modify the circulating concentration and constitutive macrophage release of either IL-1beta or IFNgamma in the obese rats, but increased the production of both cytokines by LPS-stimulated macrophages. The single bout of acute exercise only increased the release of IL-1beta by the LPS-stimulated macrophages from obese rats, in both sedentary and trained animals. The results indicated that: (1) circulating levels and constitutive production of IL-1beta by macrophages are deregulated in rats with MS, and (2) IL-1beta and IFNgamma production by macrophages in response to antigenic stimulus (LPS) is impaired in the obese animals, and this MS-associated disorder is improved by the program of habitual exercise training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin-Cordero
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giraldo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De la Fuente
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manso
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000662:veterinary; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D023421:Models, Animal; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D013851:Thinness / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D007371:Interferon-gamma
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