title: Evaluation of the 24-hour profiles of physiological insulin, glucose, and C-peptide in healthy Japanese volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some studies have demonstrated the benefit of blood glucose control as close as possible to physiological conditions. Not enough reports have investigated in detail the 24-h plasma profiles of insulin/glucose/C-peptide. Here we investigated the 24-h plasma profiles of physiological insulin/glucose/C-peptide in healthy Japanese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to evaluate the 24-h profiles of physiological insulin/glucose/C-peptide profiles, 42 blood samples were taken from each subject in our group of healthy Japanese volunteers to measure the 24-h profile with three standardized meals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma glucose and insulin increased rapidly followed by a rapid decrease after each meal with little variation at night. The average peak values of insulin after each meal were as follows: 426.20 pmol/L (breakfast), 373.75 pmol/L (lunch), and 410.28 pmol/L (dinner). The average times to peak insulin were 0.651 h (breakfast), 0.677 h (lunch), and 0.689 h (dinner). The corresponding average maximum postprandial plasma glucose levels were 8.39 mmol/L (breakfast), 8.77 mmol/L (lunch), and 8.74 mmol/L (dinner). The average times to peak glucose were 0.738 h (breakfast), 0.650 h (lunch), and 0.625 h (dinner). The average maximum postprandial C-peptide levels were 2.64 nmol/L (breakfast), 2.55 nmol/L (lunch), and 2.67 nmol/L (dinner). No major differences were found in these parameters between the Caucasian and Japanese populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first investigation to measure the 24-h profiles of insulin/glucose/C-peptide in healthy Japanese volunteers with standardized meals. It is hoped this information will provide useful reference for future research and clinical management.
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Marunouchi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuguma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011674:Pulse; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin