title: White ball appearance: predictor of effective variceal ligation in massive bleeding with an obscure bleeding point.
abstract: Although a purple-colored ball-like appearance (purple ball appearance) is typically observed on ligated varices during endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL), another endoscopic appearance of ligated varices (white ball appearance), which is observed after EVL at the bleeding site, have been reported. We encountered a case of massive variceal bleeding with an obscure bleeding point, where this appearance was useful in the confirmation of effective ligation. A 66-year-old man, who had liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma, presented with hematemesis and melena. Although emergent endoscopy revealed a fibrin-plug on the esophageal varix, massive esophageal bleeding occurred and precluded direct visualization of the bleeding point during endoscopy. After multiple EVL, one ball-like elevation with a white color (white ball appearance) and multiple ball-like elevations with a red or purple color (purple ball appearance) were observed in the esophagus. Based on the presence of the white ball appearance, a predictor of effective ligation, we confirmed the ligation of the exact site of bleeding and complete cessation of bleeding. In fact, the ligated varix with the white ball appearance contained a ruptured point. This characteristic endoscopic appearance is useful for the assessment of effective ligation in massive variceal bleeding with an obscure bleeding point.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan. matsumit@hirakata.kmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mitsunobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tahashi
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takakuwa
authors.forename: Kazuichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male