title: Effect of gonadotropins on chromosome aneuploidy, chromosome mosaicism & sex ratio in mouse preimplantation embryos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are potential risks of major birth defect in IVF (in vitro fertilization) pregnancy as well as IVF-ICSI (intra cytoplasmic sperm injection) pregnancies in comparison with naturally conceived human pregnancies. This increase risk could be due to either gonadotropins used for ovarian stimulation or in vitro culture conditions or multiple pregnancy or combinations of all the factors. The effects of gonadotropins on chromosome aneuploidy, chromosome mosaicism and sex ratio on mouse preimplantation embryos were evaluated through the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study material consisted of 111 preimplantation mouse embryos (2-16 cell stage) in control group and 405 preimplantation mouse embryos in gonadotropin stimulated group from genetically identical Swiss Albino young (6-8 wk) mouse kept in a similar environmental conditions. The study was designed to investigate effect of gonadotropins on chromosome aneuploidy, chromosome mosaicism and sex ratio through the use of FISH technique using chromosome X, Y and 19 probes. All blastomeres of embryos in both groups were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interpretable FISH results were obtained in 66 embryos in control group and 128 embryos in gonadotropin stimulated group. There was no excess of chromosome aneuploidy (only one case of sex chromosome trisomy in study group; 19, 19, X, Y, Y) or chromosome mosaicism or deviations in sex ratio between the two groups. However, deviation (1.36 M: 1 F in control group & 1.25 M : 1 F in study group) was seen from expected sex ratio (1 M : 1 F) i.e., skewed sex ratio in both the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that gonadotropins used for ovarian stimulation had no effects in causing increase in chromosome X, Y, 19 aneuploidy and mosaicism and skewing of sex ratio in mouse model. A large scale study with more FISH probes on a larger sample size need to be done to confirm the findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fauzdar
authors.forename: Ashutosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halder
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects; D033481:Chromosomes, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009030:Mosaicism / Q000187:drug effects*; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D012744:Sex Ratio
chemical_list: D006062:Gonadotropins