title: Complications and need for conversion to laparotomy in small animals.
abstract: Laparoscopic procedures provide the advantage of decreased patient morbidity with improved visualization and rapid patient recovery. Complications associated with laparoscopic procedures are discussed. Conversion to open laparotomy may depend on a variety of factors related to the patient, procedure, and surgeon. There are few contraindications for performing laparoscopic procedures, but complications or conversions to an open laparotomy may be expected in a percentage of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. janet.mcclaran@amcny.org
authors.forename: Janet Kovak
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: McClaran
authors.forename: Nicole J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Buote
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary