title: Brief patient-centered clinician-delivered counseling for high-risk drinking: 4-year results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to determine the effect at 48 months of a screening and brief patient-centered physician- and nurse practitioner-delivered intervention implemented during a routine primary care visit on the reduction of alcohol consumption by high-risk drinkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants seen in primary care practices previously randomized to special intervention (SI) or usual care (UC) were reconsented for long-term follow-up. From the initial cohort, 63% reconsented to participate and provided follow-up at 48 months between November 1996 and March 2002. The data for this paper were analyzed in June 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 48 months, SI participants maintained significant reductions in drinks per week seen at 6 and 12 months. However, there were no longer significant differences in drinks per week, binges per month, percentage of low-risk drinking, relapse rates, and new quits between the SI and UC groups at 48 months that had been seen at earlier follow-up. There was a significant effect of prior low-risk drinking status at 12 months; those who were low-risk drinkers at 12 months were more likely to stay low-risk drinkers at 48 months regardless of treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With a single brief intervention, SI participants had significantly greater reductions in their drinking levels at 6 and 12 months compared to UC participants and maintained the lower-risk levels at 48 months resulting in a reduction in health risk exposure time. However, the significant group differences in treatment effect seen in earlier follow-ups were not maintained.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. Judith.Ockene@umassmed.edu
authors.forename: Judith K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ockene
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reiff-Hekking
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control*; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012309:Risk-Taking; D016896:Treatment Outcome