title: Differential cytokine expression by human dendritic cells in response to different Porphyromonas gingivalis capsular serotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Capsular polysaccharides play an important role in the virulence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In Porphyromonas gingivalis, six serotypes have been described based on capsular antigenicity and its pathogenicity has been correlated both in vitro and in animal models. This study aimed to investigate the differential response of human dendritic cells (DCs) when stimulated with different P. gingivalis capsular serotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using different multiplicity of infection (MOI) of the encapsulated strains K1-K6 and the non-encapsulated K(-) strain of P. gingivalis, the mRNA expression levels for interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and TNF-beta in stimulated DCs were quantified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All P. gingivalis capsular serotypes induced a T-helper type 1 (Th1) pattern of cytokine expression. K1- and K2-stimulated DCs expressed higher levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and IFN-gamma and at lower MOI than DCs stimulated with the other strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate a differential potential of P. gingivalis capsular serotypes to induce DC responses and a higher capacity of strains K1 W83 and K2 HG184 than other K serotypes to trigger cytokine expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile. rvernal@uchile.cl
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vernal
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Arie J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Winkelhoff
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garcia-Sanz
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanz
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D016667:Bacterial Capsules / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000032:analysis; D053765:Interleukin-12 Subunit p35 / Q000032:analysis; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000032:analysis; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012703:Serotyping; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D016207:Cytokines; D053765:Interleukin-12 Subunit p35; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D018793:Interleukin-13; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015848:Interleukin-5; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma