title: Presence of activating KRAS mutations correlates significantly with expression of tumour suppressor genes DCN and TPM1 in colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite identification of the major genes and pathways involved in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), it has become obvious that several steps in these pathways might be bypassed by other as yet unknown genetic events that lead towards CRC. Therefore we wanted to improve our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of CRC development.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used microarrays to identify novel genes involved in the development of CRC. Real time PCR was used for mRNA expression as well as to search for chromosomal abnormalities within candidate genes. The correlation between the expression obtained by real time PCR and the presence of the KRAS mutation was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected significant previously undescribed underexpression in CRC for genes SLC26A3, TPM1 and DCN, with a suggested tumour suppressor role. We also describe the correlation between TPM1 and DCN expression and the presence of KRAS mutations in CRC. When searching for chromosomal abnormalities, we found deletion of the TPM1 gene in one case of CRC, but no deletions of DCN and SLC26A3 were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides further evidence of decreased mRNA expression of three important tumour suppressor genes in cases of CRC, thus implicating them in the development of this type of cancer. Moreover, we found underexpression of the TPM1 gene in a case of CRCs without KRAS mutations, showing that TPM1 might serve as an alternative path of development of CRC. This downregulation could in some cases be mediated by deletion of the TPM1 gene. On the other hand, the correlation of DCN underexpression with the presence of KRAS mutations suggests that DCN expression is affected by the presence of activating KRAS mutations, lowering the amount of the important tumour suppressor protein decorin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. vid.mlakar@mf.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: Vid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mlakar
authors.forename: Gasper
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berginc
authors.forename: Metka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volavsek
authors.forename: Zdravko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stor
authors.forename: Miran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rems
authors.forename: Damjan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glavac
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D014335:Tropomyosin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C546878:DCN protein, human; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C117307:KRAS protein, human; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C490775:TPM1 protein, human; D014335:Tropomyosin; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins
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