title: H2AX: functional roles and potential applications.
abstract: Upon DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction in mammals, the histone H2A variant, H2AX, becomes rapidly phosphorylated at serine 139. This modified form, termed gamma-H2AX, is easily identified with antibodies and serves as a sensitive indicator of DNA DSB formation. This review focuses on the potential clinical applications of gamma-H2AX detection in cancer and in response to other cellular stresses. In addition, the role of H2AX in homeostasis and disease will be discussed. Recent work indicates that gamma-H2AX detection may become a powerful tool for monitoring genotoxic events associated with cancer development and tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. dickeyj@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dickey
authors.forename: Christophe E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Redon
authors.forename: Asako J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Brandon J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: Olga A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Sedelnikova
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bonner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004194:Disease; D004782:Environmental Health; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006657:Histones
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