title: Immature enteric neurons in Ncx/Hox11L.1 deficient intestinal neuronal dysplasia model mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Ncx/Hox11L.1 gene is required for adequate development of enteric neurons in mice and Ncx/Hox11L.1 deficient (Ncx-/-) mice are used as a model for human intestinal neuronal dysplasia (IND) because of similar histopathology (hyperganglionosis), however, some 50% of Ncx-/- mice develop megacolon with a caliber change in the proximal colon, and die when 21-35 days old. We used polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) to examine the maturity of enteric neurons in Ncx-/- mice to further understand the etiology of IND.
  
  
  METHODS
  PSA-NCAM immunoreactivity was measured in specimens taken 1 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve (ileum), 1 cm distal to the ileocecal valve (proximal colon), and 1 cm proximal to the anus (distal colon) from 63 mice (Ncx-/-: n = 14, Ncx+/-: n = 30, and Ncx+/+: n = 19) on days 14 (D14), 21 (D21), and 27 or later (>D27).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSA-NCAM was positive (indicating immaturity) in proximal colon (submucosal and myenteric plexuses) from 8/14 (57%) Ncx-/- mice (2/4 on D14, 4/6 on D21, and 2/4 on >D27) and from 5/30 (17%) Ncx+/- mice (0/2 in D14, 2/13 in D21, and 3/15 in >D27). PSA-NCAM was negative (indicating maturity) in all other specimens. The incidence of PSA-NCAM positive neurons in Ncx-/- appeared to be correlated with the mortality rate seen in IND mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that colonic dysmotility and pathology seen in Ncx-/- mice may be due to persistence of immature neurons in the proximal colon, which could also be the case in human IND and warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. ykato@juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Tatsunori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Philip K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Frykman
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kusafuka
authors.forename: Geoffrey J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Atsuyuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamataka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007422:Intestines / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C107836:Tlx2 protein, mouse
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