title: Suppression of VLDL secretion by cultured hepatocytes incubated with chylomicron remnants enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is regulated by hepatic nuclear factor-4alpha.
abstract: Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) suppress the secretion of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) directly when delivered to the liver in chylomicron remnants (CMR). The role of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and hepatic nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) in the regulation of this effect was investigated. Chylomicron remnant-like particles (CRLPs) containing triacylglycerol (TG) from palm (rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA)) or fish (rich in n-3 PUFA) oil were incubated with cultured rat hepatocytes (24h) and the expression of protein and mRNA for SREBP-1, SREBP-2 and HNF-4alpha, and levels of mRNA for their target genes were determined. SREBP-1 and -2 protein expression in the membrane and nuclear fractions was unaffected by either type of CRLPs. mRNA abundance for SREBP-1c and -2 was also unchanged by CRLP-treatment, as were levels of mRNA for target genes of SREBP-1, including steroyl CoA desaturase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and ATP citrate lyase, and SREBP-2 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase). In contrast, HNF-4alpha protein and mRNA levels were significantly decreased by CRLPs enriched in n-3 PUFA, but not SFA, and the expression of mRNA for HNF-4alpha target genes, including HNF-1alpha, apolipoprotein B and the microsomal TG transfer protein, was also lowered by n-3 PUFA-, but not SFA-enriched CRLPs. These findings suggest that the direct suppression of VLDL secretion by dietary n-3 PUFA delivered to the liver in CMR is mediated via decreased expression of HNF-4alpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College St., London NW1 0TU, UK.
authors.forename: Iliana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: López-Soldado
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Avella
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Botham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000032:analysis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053298:Chylomicron Remnants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D053298:Chylomicron Remnants; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D010938:Plant Oils; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins; D000073878:Palm Oil