title: The potential of Pleurotus-treated olive mill solid waste as cattle feed.
abstract: The aims of the current study were to follow: (1) the capability of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus to degrade cell wall components and soluble phenols of the olive mill solid waste (OMSW), and improve it for ruminant nutrition (2) the fate of oil and the lipid-soluble compounds tocopherols, squalene and beta-sitosterol in the fermented OMSW. A significant decrease in oil and lipid-soluble compounds with a concomitant shift in the fatty acid profile and degradation of soluble phenols took place already after 14 d. The utilization of lipids by the fungus shifted the degradation of the structural carbohydrates to a later stage, and significantly reduced the metabolizable energy of the OMSW. We propose that edible fungi with reduced lipase activity would preserve the energy and health promoting ingredients of the oil, and force the fungus to degrade structural carbohydrates, thus improving its digestibility.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, Department of Ruminant Science and Genetics, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel. shabtay@volcani.agri.gov.il
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shabtay
authors.forename: Yitzhak
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hadar
authors.forename: Harel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eitam
authors.forename: Arieh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brosh
authors.forename: Alla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlov
authors.forename: Yaakov
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tadmor
authors.forename: Ido
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izhaki
authors.forename: Zohar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kerem
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002417:Cattle; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D009821:Oils / Q000032:analysis; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000378:metabolism*; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000032:analysis; D012995:Solubility; D013185:Squalene / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000032:analysis; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009821:Oils; D012855:Sitosterols; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; D013185:Squalene; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol