Vanilloid-mediated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through a TRPV-1 dependent and a TRPV-1-independent mechanism.
Vanilloids are natural molecules identified in a plethora of foods normally ingested through the diet. They mediate apoptosis through a direct pathway (independent of TRPV-1, the receptor for vanilloids) and through an indirect pathway, i.e., thanks to the interaction with TRPV-1 and the successive intracellular calcium growth [Ca2+]i. Some vanilloids, such as capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and resiniferatoxin (the ultrapotent analogue of capsaicin, extractable from Euphorbia resinifera), may be considered as coenzyme Qantagonists: in fact, they inhibit the run of the electrons through the electron transport chain, so determining an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A second effect of the interaction between the vanilloids and TRPV-1 receptor may be reported: it is the fast decrease of the transmembrane mitochondrial potential (delta psi m). Through the direct pathway, on the contrary, the vanilloids induce apoptosis also interacting with caspases, particularly caspase 1 and 3. On the whole, the vanilloids are able to lead to the intracellular calcium growth and consequently to the evidence of precocious and late elements of apoptosis.
Ziglioli
Francesco
F
Unit of Urology, Surgical Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy. ziglioli@hotmail.it
Frattini
Antonio
A
Maestroni
Umberto
U
Dinale
Francesco
F
Ciufifeda
Matteo
M
Cortellini
Pietro
P
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020169:Caspases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000502:physiology*
D004224:Diterpenes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C494482:TRPV1 protein, human; C024353:resiniferatoxin; D020169:Caspases; D003474:Curcumin; D002211:Capsaicin