title: Endothelial dysfunction and specific inflammation in obesity hypoventilation syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. What moderate chronic hypoventilation adds to obesity on systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction remains unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare inflammatory status and endothelial function in OHS versus eucapnic obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 OHS and 39 eucapnic obese patients matched for BMI and age were compared. Diurnal blood gazes, overnight polysomnography and endothelial function, measured by reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT), were assessed. Inflammatory (Leptin, RANTES, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNFalpha, Resistin) and anti-inflammatory (adiponectin, IL-1Ra) cytokines were measured by multiplex beads immunoassays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OHS exhibited a higher PaCO(2), a lower forced vital capacity (FVC) and tended to have a lower PaO(2) than eucapnic obese patients. (HS)-CRP, RANTES levels and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were significantly increased in OHS (respectively 11.1+/-10.9 vs. 5.7+/-5.5 mg x l(-1) for (HS)-CRP, 55.9+/-55.3 vs 23.3+/-15.8 ng/ml for RANTES and 7.3+/-4.3 vs 6.1+/-1.7 for HbA1c). Serum adiponectin was reduced in OHS (7606+/-2977 vs 13,660+/-7854 ng/ml). Endothelial function was significantly more impaired in OHS (RH-PAT index: 0.22+/-0.06 vs 0.51+/-0.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to eucapnic obesity, OHS is associated with a specific increase in the pro-atherosclerotic RANTES chemokine, a decrease in the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin and impaired endothelial function. These three conditions are known to be strongly associated with an increased cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00603096.
authors.affiliation: INSERM ERI17, Laboratoire HP2, Université Joseph Fourier, Faculté de Médecine, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Borel
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roux-Lombard
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tamisier
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monneret
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arnol
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Baguet
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pepin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010845:Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017286:Polysomnography
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