Virus versus host cell translation love and hate stories.
Regulation of protein synthesis by viruses occurs at all levels of translation. Even prior to protein synthesis itself, the accessibility of the various open reading frames contained in the viral genome is precisely controlled. Eukaryotic viruses resort to a vast array of strategies to divert the translation machinery in their favor, in particular, at initiation of translation. These strategies are not only designed to circumvent strategies common to cell protein synthesis in eukaryotes, but as revealed more recently, they also aim at modifying or damaging cell factors, the virus having the capacity to multiply in the absence of these factors. In addition to unraveling mechanisms that may constitute new targets in view of controlling virus diseases, viruses constitute incomparably useful tools to gain in-depth knowledge on a multitude of cell pathways.
Komarova
Anastassia V
AV
Viral Genomics and Vaccination Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Haenni
Anne-Lise
AL
Ramírez
Bertha Cecilia
BC
D000818:Animals; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000821:virology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D011506:Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins
Virology. 1995 Apr 1;208(1):99-110
11831736
J Virol. 1990 Dec;64(12):6196-203
2243392
J Virol. 1997 Oct;71(10):7984-9
9311892
Nucleic Acids Res. 2001 Mar 1;29(5):1125-31
11222762
J Virol. 2007 Sep;81(17):8919-32
17581994
Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10(30):3757-67
15579069
J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 16;270(24):14824-8
7782349
Trends Plant Sci. 2006 Jan;11(1):40-5
16343979
Biochem J. 2006 Jun 1;396(2):219-26
16594896
J Gen Virol. 1987 Oct;68 ( Pt 10):2563-75
3668507
Adv Virus Res. 1997;48:1-100
9233431
Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Aug;24(15):6861-70
15254251
Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Nov 11;14(21):8291-305
3786131
Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Dec;22(24):8562-70
12446775
EMBO J. 1987 Dec 1;6(12):3779-85
3428275
Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Oct 15;31(20):5949-56
14530443
Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Oct;32(1-2):159-89
8980479
J Gen Virol. 2004 May;85(Pt 5):1125-1130
15105529
J Virol. 2003 Feb;77(4):2359-68
12551973
Virology. 1990 Aug;177(2):829-32
2142560
J Virol. 1998 Feb;72(2):1677-82
9445077
RNA. 2007 Jan;13(1):129-37
17095542
RNA. 1999 Mar;5(3):344-59
10094304
J Gen Virol. 2004 Oct;85(Pt 10):2953-2962
15448358
EMBO J. 2004 Mar 24;23(6):1381-91
14988734
J Virol. 1999 Sep;73(9):7153-64
10438802
J Virol. 1995 Sep;69(9):5320-31
7636975
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 May 28;93(11):5578-83
8643618
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1991 Dec;1(4):485-93
1822281
Genes Dev. 2006 Feb 15;20(4):461-72
16481474
RNA. 2008 Jan;14(1):134-47
18025255
Virus Res. 2006 Jul;119(1):16-28
16307820
J Mol Biol. 2002 Dec 13;324(5):889-902
12470947
J Virol. 2007 Sep;81(18):10017-28
17609276
J Virol. 2002 Nov;76(21):10665-73
12368308
EMBO J. 1984 Feb;3(2):351-6
16453503
Cell. 2004 Aug 20;118(4):465-75
15315759
RNA. 1996 Oct;2(10):955-68
8849773
Genes Dev. 2007 Dec 1;21(23):3149-62
18056426
J Virol. 1993 Mar;67(3):1433-40
8382305
Microbiol Rev. 1994 Sep;58(3):491-562
7968923
Virology. 1985 Apr 30;142(2):357-77
2997990
Virus Res. 2003 Oct;96(1-2):85-98
12951268
J Virol. 2002 Oct;76(20):10177-87
12239292
Virus Genes. 1990 Jul;4(2):121-36
2402881
Virus Res. 1993 May;28(2):113-24
8317142
J Gen Virol. 1991 Oct;72 ( Pt 10):2339-45
1919521
EMBO Rep. 2004 Sep;5(9):906-13
15332113
J Gen Virol. 2001 Jun;82(Pt 6):1457-1463
11369891
Virus Res. 2006 Jul;119(1):76-88
16303201
C R Biol. 2005 Jul;328(7):589-605
15992743
J Virol. 2006 Sep;80(18):9279-87
16940539
Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Apr 25;17(8):3163-77
2726455
J Gen Virol. 1998 Aug;79 ( Pt 8):2027-36
9714254
J Virol. 2008 Aug;82(15):7601-12
18480444
EMBO J. 2003 Aug 1;22(15):3941-50
12881428
Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):71-81
11792322
RNA. 2006 Jul;12(7):1304-14
16682565
FEBS Lett. 1994 Sep 12;351(3):299-302
8082784
Virology. 2007 Aug 1;364(2):466-74
17445855
Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Mar 25;17(6):2245-60
2495522
Cell. 2007 Oct 19;131(2):286-99
17956730
J Cell Biol. 2002 Aug 5;158(3):395-9
12163463
J Biol Chem. 1995 Nov 24;270(47):28433-9
7499349
Virus Res. 2006 Jul;119(1):52-62
16325949
Eur J Biochem. 2002 Nov;269(22):5350-9
12423333
EMBO J. 1989 Feb;8(2):359-64
2721484
EMBO J. 2000 Jul 3;19(13):3465-74
10880459
Virology. 2006 Jan 5;344(1):71-6
16364738
J Biol Chem. 1995 Sep 15;270(37):21684-8
7665584
Cell. 1981 Nov;26(3 Pt 1):391-400
7326745
J Gen Virol. 1990 Oct;71 ( Pt 10):2251-6
2230732
J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(11):6882-9
15890927
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2008 Aug;15(8):836-41
18604219
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2000 Jun;64(2):239-80
10839817
EMBO J. 1995 Nov 15;14(22):5701-9
8521827
J Virol. 2003 Dec;77(23):12392-400
14610163
Virology. 1995 Mar 10;207(2):566-71
7886961
Cell. 1989 Dec 22;59(6):1135-43
2598263
EMBO J. 2006 Apr 19;25(8):1730-40
16601681
Virology. 1990 Jul;177(1):141-51
2353450
J Virol. 2006 Feb;80(3):1451-62
16415022
Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Nov;16(11):6603-16
8887689
J Gen Virol. 2008 Jan;89(Pt 1):1-47
18089727
Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Mar 08;33(5):1474-86
15755749
Virology. 1993 Jul;195(1):16-32
8317092
Virus Res. 2006 Jul;119(1):43-51
16307817
Nature. 1980 Jan 3;283(5742):41-6
7350525
J Biol Chem. 1988 Jun 25;263(18):8553-6
2837456
J Virol. 1995 Mar;69(3):1951-4
7853540
J Virol. 1995 Sep;69(9):5754-62
7637020
Cell Host Microbe. 2007 Oct 11;2(4):221-8
18005740
J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 29;276(26):23922-8
11274152
Plant J. 2008 Apr;54(1):56-68
18182024
Gene. 1998 Aug 17;216(1):1-11
9714706
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Sep 15;95(19):11089-94
9736694
Rev Med Virol. 1999 Apr-Jun;9(2):83-99
10386336
Virology. 2008 May 25;375(1):59-72
18321554
RNA. 2006 Apr;12(4):666-73
16497657
Virology. 2006 Jan 5;344(1):185-97
16364749
Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Sep 25;13(18):6663-77
3840587
J Virol. 2004 May;78(9):4655-64
15078948
J Virol. 1999 Jan;73(1):718-27
9847378
Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 2002;72:1-39
12206450
Biochimie. 1998 Dec;80(12):1035-41
9924982
Virology. 1994 Feb;198(2):671-9
8291248
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2005;43:581-621
16078896
J Virol. 2006 Jul;80(14):7079-88
16809313
Virology. 1992 Jan;186(1):192-200
1727597
Virology. 2006 Jun 20;350(1):171-83
16545417
J Gen Virol. 1991 Aug;72 ( Pt 8):1819-34
1875194
Enzyme. 1990;44(1-4):265-77
2133654
Biochemistry. 2000 Oct 24;39(42):12929-38
11041858
J Gen Virol. 1997 May;78 ( Pt 5):1033-40
9152420
EMBO J. 2003 Apr 1;22(7):1608-19
12660167
Virology. 1999 Oct 10;263(1):139-54
10544089
Nature. 1981 Nov 12;294(5837):188-190
29451243
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 23;100(26):15410-5
14673072
J Virol. 2007 Nov;81(22):12427-38
17855553
EMBO J. 1988 Jan;7(1):245-51
2834203
J Gen Virol. 1995 Aug;76 ( Pt 8):2025-34
7636483
J Biol Chem. 1975 Feb 25;250(4):1197-206
1112800
Nucleic Acids Res. 2001 Dec 1;29(23):4767-82
11726686
Rev Med Virol. 2001 Jan-Feb;11(1):37-57
11241801
Cell Microbiol. 2007 Sep;9(9):2218-29
17490409
RNA. 1995 Dec;1(10):985-1000
8595564
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007 Feb;5(2):128-40
17224922
Curr HIV Res. 2006 Apr;4(2):131-9
16611053
J Virol. 2000 Aug;74(16):7204-10
10906174
J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 9;279(28):28862-72
15123633
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jul 22;100(15):8939-44
12835413
Curr HIV Res. 2006 Jan;4(1):43-55
16454710
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 11;104(50):19671-8
18003906
EMBO J. 1997 Jul 1;16(13):4107-16
9233819
J Biol Chem. 1997 Jun 27;272(26):16247-55
9195926
EMBO J. 1999 Jan 4;18(1):270-9
9878069
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Mar;82(6):1618-22
3885215
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2005;59:407-50
16153175
J Virol. 1993 Jun;67(6):3027-35
8098776
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2006;44:447-67
16704356
J Gen Virol. 1994 Nov;75 ( Pt 11):3147-55
7964624
J Virol. 1984 Feb;49(2):471-8
6319746
Virology. 1994 Nov 15;205(1):290-9
7975225
J Virol. 1996 Sep;70(9):5884-92
8709208
Cell. 1989 May 19;57(4):537-47
2720781
Virology. 1990 Aug;177(2):699-709
2371773
Virology. 1990 Sep;178(1):52-61
2202150
J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 27;277(52):50286-92
12381739
Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(17):5975-84
17726047
J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 25;266(30):19867-70
1939050
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Nov 6;98(23):12972-7
11687653
J Virol. 2004 May;78(9):4487-97
15078929
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 4;98(25):14286-91
11717411
Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Aug;21(15):5018-30
11438658
Virology. 1984 Apr 15;134(1):196-207
6200992
Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Feb;24(4):1779-90
14749392
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Sep 19;103(38):14182-7
16959881
J Virol. 2002 Jan;76(1):165-77
11739682
J Gen Virol. 2004 Apr;85(Pt 4):1055-1063
15039548
Cell. 2003 Jan 10;112(1):123-9
12526799
J Virol. 2008 Feb;82(3):1496-504
18032499
EMBO J. 1991 Oct;10(10):3079-85
1655410
J Biol Chem. 1992 May 5;267(13):9383-90
1577765
J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 4;277(40):37079-87
12133843
Virology. 1997 Jul 21;234(1):84-92
9234949
J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 16;282(11):7770-6
17209036
J Mol Biol. 1991 Mar 20;218(2):365-73
2010914
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Sep;85(18):6816-20
2842793
J Virol. 2004 Apr;78(7):3271-8
15016848
Virus Res. 2006 Jul;119(1):29-42
16310880
J Virol. 1996 May;70(5):2999-3010
8627776
J Virol. 1993 Jan;67(1):196-203
8416368
FEBS Lett. 1995 May 1;364(1):1-4
7750533
EMBO J. 1992 Mar;11(3):1111-7
1547775
J Virol. 2002 Feb;76(3):1144-53
11773390
J Virol. 2004 Oct;78(20):11030-9
15452223
Cell. 1979 Oct;18(2):329-34
498272
Eur J Biochem. 1978 Mar;84(1):69-77
648520
Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Jun 15;25(12):2254-8
9171074
RNA. 2000 Dec;6(12):1808-20
11142380
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Nov 6;98(23):12966-71
11606767
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2008 Jan;15(1):57-64
18157151
J Gen Virol. 1997 Feb;78 ( Pt 2):469-77
9018071
J Gen Virol. 1990 Sep;71 ( Pt 9):1887-96
2212985
J Virol. 1998 Oct;72(10):8316-20
9733876
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Oct;75(10):4886-90
283399
J Virol. 1992 Aug;66(8):5147-51
1321294
Microbes Infect. 2002 Apr;4(4):491-500
11932200
J Gen Virol. 1994 Jul;75 ( Pt 7):1515-24
8021582
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 22;103(34):12885-90
16912115
J Mol Biol. 1989 Jan 20;205(2):363-72
2538626
Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Jul;20(14):4990-9
10866656
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jan 1;88(1):174-8
1986362
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jan 30;98(3):886-91
11158565
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2005;43:39-62
16078876
Virology. 2002 Dec 20;304(2):147-54
12504556
Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Sep;18(9):5021-31
9710586
J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 5;278(36):34051-60
12824160
J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 9;282(10):7056-65
17213194
Plant J. 1998 Apr;14(2):169-76
9628014
Genes Dev. 1998 Aug 1;12(15):2293-304
9694795
J Virol. 2003 Jul;77(14):7786-95
12829818
J Gen Virol. 1986 May;67 ( Pt 5):923-32
3009691
J Biol Chem. 2008 Jan 18;283(3):1340-1349
18045881
J Gen Virol. 2004 Jun;85(Pt 6):1739-1744
15166459
Trends Biochem Sci. 2003 Apr;28(4):182-8
12713901
Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Oct;32(1-2):367-91
8980488
Nature. 1978 Mar 30;272(5652):469-71
634374
Virology. 1994 Feb;198(2):741-5
8291255
J Virol. 1997 Jul;71(7):5614-9
9188636
Mol Cell. 2001 May;7(5):1103-9
11389856
J Virol. 1999 Feb;73(2):1219-26
9882324
J Mol Biol. 2002 Apr 19;318(1):9-20
12054764
Genes Dev. 2006 Jan 1;20(1):87-100
16391235
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(23):7919-23
2999784
Cell Cycle. 2004 Feb;3(2):123-5
14712070
J Virol. 1992 Mar;66(3):1414-24
1371165
Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Nov 11;16(21):9917-32
3194229
J Virol. 1988 Aug;62(8):2636-43
2839690
J Virol. 2006 Jul;80(13):6553-8
16775341
J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):20565-73
12663666
Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Sep;25(17):7879-88
16107731
J Virol. 2005 May;79(9):5499-506
15827164
Genes Dev. 2000 Aug 15;14(16):2028-45
10950867
Mol Cell. 1999 Jun;3(6):707-16
10394359
Cell. 1986 Jan 31;44(2):283-92
3943125
J Virol. 2002 Sep;76(17):8560-71
12163576
J Biol Chem. 1978 Sep 25;253(18):6568-77
681367
J Virol. 1991 Jun;65(6):2861-7
2033659
Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Sep 25;22(19):3911-7
7937111
J Biol Chem. 1975 Dec 10;250(23):9083-9
1194278
J Virol. 1995 Apr;69(4):2427-33
7884890
Biochimie. 2006 Mar-Apr;88(3-4):329-40
16300873
J Biol Chem. 1980 Oct 10;255(19):9358-68
6251085
EMBO J. 2003 Jun 2;22(11):2852-9
12773399
Virology. 2000 Jan 5;266(1):1-7
10612654
EMBO J. 1990 Jun;9(6):2017-22
2347313
Adv Virus Res. 2001;57:185-262
11680385
Virology. 2000 Nov 25;277(2):296-305
11080477
Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Mar 12;32(5):1721-30
15020708
J Gen Virol. 1997 Oct;78 ( Pt 10):2691-9
9349492
Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Dec;25(23):10556-65
16287867
Trends Genet. 1995 Sep;11(9):349-53
7482786
J Gen Virol. 1993 Sep;74 ( Pt 9):1933-7
8376969
J Gen Virol. 2001 May;82(Pt 5):973-984
11297672
Virology. 1996 Feb 15;216(2):367-79
8607266
Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Apr 1;28(7):1625-34
10710429
J Gen Virol. 1993 Jan;74 ( Pt 1):1-14
8423443
Virology. 1991 Dec;185(2):633-43
1962442
J Gen Virol. 1997 Dec;78 ( Pt 12):3161-5
9400965
Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Nov;17(11):4632-44
16928960
Biochem Soc Trans. 2007 Dec;35(Pt 6):1629-33
18031280
J Virol. 2005 May;79(9):5676-83
15827182
Genes Dev. 2000 Feb 15;14(4):414-21
10691734
J Virol. 1980 Mar;33(3):1203-7
6988609
Arch Virol. 2007;152(12):2207-15
17891331
Virology. 1994 May 1;200(2):574-82
8178444
Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Sep;20(17):6259-68
10938102
Virology. 1995 Dec 20;214(2):421-30
8553543
Cell. 1989 Mar 10;56(5):759-64
2924348
Biochem Soc Trans. 2005 Dec;33(Pt 6):1231-41
16246087
Virus Genes. 1993 Dec;7(4):367-79
8122396
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 1;89(13):5715-9
1631051
FEBS Lett. 2006 Oct 16;580(24):5713-7
17007846
Science. 1994 Oct 28;266(5185):653-6
7939721
Virology. 2007 Jul 5;363(2):430-6
17360015
J Virol. 2007 Jul;81(13):7061-8
17442713
Biochimie. 2007 Jun-Jul;89(6-7):799-811
17451862
J Virol. 1995 Nov;69(11):6742-50
7474085
J Virol. 2008 Oct;82(19):9389-99
18632855
Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 Jan 15;24(2):257-63
8628648
Cell. 2000 Aug 18;102(4):511-20
10966112
Virology. 2000 Jul 20;273(1):1-8
10891401
Cell. 2003 Oct 31;115(3):319-31
14636559
J Virol. 2004 Jul;78(14):7443-54
15220418
J Gen Virol. 1993 Dec;74 ( Pt 12):2539-47
8277263
Cell. 2001 Sep 21;106(6):723-33
11572778
J Virol. 2002 Dec;76(23):12008-22
12414943
RNA. 2001 Apr;7(4):585-97
11345437
Virology. 1997 Nov 24;238(2):353-62
9400608
FEBS Lett. 1992 Jul 20;306(2-3):133-9
1321731
Trends Biochem Sci. 2006 Oct;31(10):553-62
16920360
J Virol. 2000 Aug;74(15):7064-71
10888646
EMBO J. 1998 Oct 1;17(19):5811-21
9755181
J Virol. 1986 Dec;60(3):1027-39
3023655
Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Aug 11;17(15):6383
2771646
Plant Cell. 2007 Sep;19(9):2913-28
17890375
EMBO Rep. 2005 Oct;6(10):968-72
16142217
J Virol. 1992 Mar;66(3):1765-8
1310778
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Apr 15;105(15):5897-902
18408156
Arch Virol. 2004 Feb;149(2):303-21
14745597
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):4298-302
3035577
Cancer Cell. 2004 Jan;5(1):51-65
14749126
J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 13;275(41):32268-76
10922367
J Virol. 2005 Jul;79(13):8057-64
15956551
Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Mar;20(5):1583-95
10669736
J Virol. 1977 Sep;23(3):751-67
197270
J Virol. 1994 Mar;68(3):1432-7
7508995
J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 31;274(53):38163-70
10608888
Virology. 2000 Nov 10;277(1):66-75
11062037
J Virol. 2003 Mar;77(6):3353-9
12610110
EMBO J. 1998 Dec 15;17(24):7480-9
9857202
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 16;93(8):3602-7
8622982
J Gen Virol. 1994 Jan;75 ( Pt 1):243-7
8113736
Microbes Infect. 2005 Feb;7(2):248-59
15777647
Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jun;13(6):3340-9
8497255
J Gen Virol. 1974 Aug;24(2):261-79
4368375
J Virol. 1988 Sep;62(9):3193-200
3043024
J Virol. 2002 Mar;76(5):2062-74
11836384
Front Biosci. 2002 Feb 01;7:d569-79
11815302
EMBO J. 2003 Mar 3;22(5):1188-98
12606583
J Gen Virol. 2005 Jun;86(Pt 6):1841-1849
15914864
Virology. 1990 Jan;174(1):53-9
2294647
Nature. 1994 Oct 27;371(6500):762-7
7935836
Am J Anat. 1987 Jan;178(1):1-10
3825959
Virology. 2002 Aug 1;299(2):172-81
12202220
Virology. 1995 Apr 20;208(2):511-20
7747424
J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 2;279(14):13584-92
14729906
J Virol. 2004 Aug;78(15):8172-82
15254188
Virology. 1994 Jan;198(1):311-24
8259666
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jun 19;98(13):7029-36
11416183
Genes Dev. 2004 Jan 1;18(1):62-75
14701882
Virology. 1993 Mar;193(1):213-21
8438566
Virology. 1989 Apr;169(2):251-9
2705296
Mol Cell. 2001 Mar;7(3):581-91
11463383
Virology. 1998 Sep 30;249(2):203-10
9791012
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1981;142:193-207
6278882
RNA. 2007 May;13(5):731-6
17400818
J Gen Virol. 2003 Dec;84(Pt 12):3263-3274
14645908
Nature. 1998 Apr 2;392(6675):520-3
9548260
Nature. 1988 Jul 28;334(6180):320-5
2839775
J Virol. 1999 Apr;73(4):3467-72
10074204
EMBO J. 1994 Aug 1;13(15):3608-17
8062835
J Virol. 1997 Aug;71(8):6243-6
9223526
EMBO J. 2007 Jan 24;26(2):459-67
17183366
Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Jul 11;16(13):6097-111
3399386
Trends Biochem Sci. 2003 Feb;28(2):91-8
12575997
Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1450-4
17124290
J Virol. 2004 Nov;78(21):11451-60
15479788
EMBO J. 1995 Feb 15;14(4):650-9
7882968
Virology. 2000 Mar 15;268(2):264-71
10704335
Nature. 1980 Oct 9;287(5782):491-9
6252477
J Virol. 2006 Sep;80(18):9031-8
16940515
Virology. 1993 Dec;197(2):808-12
8249304
Int Rev Cytol. 1985;93:327-58
3924849
Genes Dev. 2004 Mar 15;18(6):660-72
15075293
Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 2000;64:131-70
10697409
Biol Cell. 2003 May-Jun;95(3-4):169-78
12867081
J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 16;270(24):14597-603
7782323
J Virol. 1999 May;73(5):4456-60
10196346
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 15;97(4):1512-5
10660678
Apoptosis. 2007 Mar;12(3):513-24
17195095
Virology. 1995 Feb 1;206(2):954-62
7856106
Science. 2005 Dec 2;310(5753):1513-5
16322461
Virology. 1995 Aug 20;211(2):525-34
7645256
J Virol. 2007 Sep;81(18):9623-32
17596308
J Virol. 2002 Aug;76(15):7385-97
12097551
Science. 2001 Mar 9;291(5510):1959-62
11239155
J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 29;281(52):40224-35
17062564
EMBO J. 1991 Dec;10(12):3887-96
1935908
J Biol Chem. 1993 Sep 15;268(26):19200-3
8396129
J Gen Virol. 1994 Sep;75 ( Pt 9):2141-9
8077913
Cell. 1990 Jul 27;62(2):339-52
2164889
J Virol. 1991 Jun;65(6):2910-20
1851863
Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 2006;81:331-67
16891176
Genes Dev. 2004 Aug 15;18(16):1997-2009
15314025
J Virol. 1999 Jan;73(1):709-17
9847377
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jul 3;92(14):6324-8
7541537
Nature. 1990 Feb 22;343(6260):697-9
2304546
Virology. 2006 Jul 20;351(1):92-100
16647732
Virus Res. 2006 Jul;119(1):89-99
16305812
Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 May 11;21(9):2165-71
8502558
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1993 Jul-Aug;6(4):444-52
8400374
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 15;89(18):8596-600
1382295
J Virol. 1992 Feb;66(2):685-93
1731108
J Virol. 1996 May;70(5):2869-75
8627761
Virology. 1992 Apr;187(2):711-22
1546465
Virus Res. 2006 Jul;119(1):63-75
16360925
Proteins. 2008 Feb 1;70(2):388-93
17680691
Virology. 1995 Apr 1;208(1):215-25
11831703
J Gen Virol. 2006 Jul;87(Pt 7):1961-1975
16760398
RNA. 2007 Aug;13(8):1366-74
17592045