title: Expression and prognostic role of Spy1 as a novel cell cycle protein in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spy1 is a novel cell cycle regulatory gene, which can control cell proliferation and survival through the atypical activation of cyclin-dependent kinases. Recent studies suggested that deregulation of Spy1 expression plays a key role in oncogenesis. To investigate the potential roles of Spy1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), expression of Spy1 was examined in human HCC samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis was performed for Spy1 in 61 hepatocellular carcinoma samples. The data were correlated with clinicopathological features. The univariate and multivariate survival analyses were also performed to determine their prognostic significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spy1 was overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma as compared with the adjacent normal tissue. High expression of Spy1 was associated with histological grade and the level of alpha fetal protein (AFP) (P=0.009 and 0.003, respectively), and Spy1 was positively correlated with proliferation marker Ki-67 (P<0.001). Univariate analysis showed that Spy1 expression was associated with poor prognosis (P=0.03). Multivariate analysis indicated that Spy1 and Ki-67 protein expression was an independent prognostic marker for HCC (P=0.001 and 0.012, respectively). While in vitro, following release from serum starvation of HuH7 HCC cell, the expression of Spy1 was upregulated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that Spy1 overexpression is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma, it may be a favorable independent poor prognostic parameter for hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Juling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yixin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Mudan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaopeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Aiguo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C486530:SPDYA protein, human