title: Thymus-specific deletion of insulin induces autoimmune diabetes.
abstract: Insulin expression in the thymus has been implicated in regulating the negative selection of autoreactive T cells and in mediating the central immune tolerance towards pancreatic beta-cells. To further explore the function of this ectopic insulin expression, we knocked out the mouse Ins2 gene specifically in the Aire-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), without affecting its expression in the beta-cells. When further crossed to the Ins1 knockout background, both male and female pups (designated as ID-TEC mice for insulin-deleted mTEC) developed diabetes spontaneously around 3 weeks after birth. beta-cell-specific autoimmune destruction was observed, as well as islet-specific T cell infiltration. The presence of insulin-specific effector T cells was shown using ELISPOT assays and adoptive T cell transfer experiments. Results from thymus transplantation experiments proved further that depletion of Ins2 expression in mTECs was sufficient to break central tolerance and induce anti-insulin autoimmunity. Our observations may explain the rare cases of type 1 diabetes onset in very young children carrying diabetes-resistant HLA class II alleles. ID-TEC mice could serve as a new model for studying this pathology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Rudert
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grupillo
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sisino
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trucco
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008957:Models, Genetic; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin
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