title: Life stressors as mediators of the relation between socioeconomic position and mental health problems in early adolescence: the TRAILS study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Life stressors and family socioeconomic position have often been associated with mental health status. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the understanding of the pathways from low socioeconomic position and life stressors to mental problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional analysis using data from a longitudinal study of early adolescents (N = 2,149, 51% girls; mean age 13.6 years, SD 0.53, range 12-15), we assessed the extent of mediation of the association between family socioeconomic position and mental health problems by different types of life stressors in multiple regression models. Stressors were rated as environment related or person related. Information on socioeconomic position was obtained directly from parents, and internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors were assessed by reports from multiple informants (parents, self, and teachers).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low socioeconomic position was associated with more mental health problems and more life stressors. Both environment-related and person-related stressors predicted mental health problems independently of socioeconomic position. The associations between socioeconomic position and all mental health outcomes were partly mediated by environment-related life stressors. Mediation by environment-related and person-related stressors as assessed by linear regression amounted to 56% (95% confidence interval [CI] 35%-78%) and 7% (95% CI -25% to 38%) for internalizing problems and 13% (95% CI 7%-19%) and 5% (95% CI -2% to 13%) for externalizing problems, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Environment-related, but not person-related, stressors partly mediated the association between socio economic position and adolescent mental problems. The extent of mediation was larger for internalizing than for externalizing problems. Because the effect sizes of the associations were relatively small, targeted interventions to prevent impaired mental health may have only modest benefits to adolescents from low socioeconomic background.
authors.affiliation: Mr. Amone-P'Olak, Drs. Ormel, Huisman, Oldehinkel, and Burger are with the Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychiatric Epidemiology at the University Medical Center Groningen; Dr. Burger is also with the Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen; and Drs. Verhulst and Oldehinkel are with Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam. Electronic address: k.p.amone@med.umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Kennedy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amone-P'Olak
authors.affiliation: Mr. Amone-P'Olak, Drs. Ormel, Huisman, Oldehinkel, and Burger are with the Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychiatric Epidemiology at the University Medical Center Groningen; Dr. Burger is also with the Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen; and Drs. Verhulst and Oldehinkel are with Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ormel
authors.affiliation: Mr. Amone-P'Olak, Drs. Ormel, Huisman, Oldehinkel, and Burger are with the Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychiatric Epidemiology at the University Medical Center Groningen; Dr. Burger is also with the Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen; and Drs. Verhulst and Oldehinkel are with Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam.
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huisman
authors.affiliation: Mr. Amone-P'Olak, Drs. Ormel, Huisman, Oldehinkel, and Burger are with the Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychiatric Epidemiology at the University Medical Center Groningen; Dr. Burger is also with the Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen; and Drs. Verhulst and Oldehinkel are with Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam.
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Verhulst
authors.affiliation: Mr. Amone-P'Olak, Drs. Ormel, Huisman, Oldehinkel, and Burger are with the Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychiatric Epidemiology at the University Medical Center Groningen; Dr. Burger is also with the Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen; and Drs. Verhulst and Oldehinkel are with Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam.
authors.forename: Albertine J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Oldehinkel
authors.affiliation: Mr. Amone-P'Olak, Drs. Ormel, Huisman, Oldehinkel, and Burger are with the Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychiatric Epidemiology at the University Medical Center Groningen; Dr. Burger is also with the Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen; and Drs. Verhulst and Oldehinkel are with Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam.
authors.forename: Huibert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009426:Netherlands; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011599:Psychopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors