title: Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: initial experience on hand-assisted technique and totally laparoscopic technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the initial experience and compare the results of hand-assisted laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (HALDG), totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG), and open distal gastrectomy (ODG) in the treatment of gastric cancer in a regional hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients who received distal gastrectomy for stage 1 or 2 gastric cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Lymphatic dissection and intracorporeal anastomosis were initially performed using the HALDG approach, and subsequently the TLDG approach. The results were compared with those of the ODG approach, and the overall survival was compared between the laparoscopic and open surgery groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine patients underwent distal gastrectomies and 28 gastrectomies were performed using the laparoscopic approach (HALDG=10; TLDG=18). Patients who underwent HALDG required less operative time (median, 212 min vs. 263 min; P=0.04), whereas patients who underwent TLDG had reduced complication rates and a shorter hospital stay (median, 16 d vs. 8 d, respectively; P=0.009). When compared with ODG, the laparoscopic approach required a longer operative time but incurred significantly less blood loss (median, 75 mL vs. 175 mL, respectively; P=0.004). There was no difference in overall operative morbidity, hospital stay, oncologic clearance, or overall survival between the laparoscopic and open approaches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TLDG is technical demanding and requires longer operation time. The use of the hand-assisted approach for beginner surgeons may serve as a bridge to acquire skill for TLDG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Upper GI Surgery, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China. wongkhmocuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Simon K H
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: David Ka-Kin
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: Michael Ka-Wah
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*