title: Rescue strategies against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastroduodenal damage.
abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide, which attests to their efficacy as analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agents as well as anticancer drugs. However, NSAID use also carries a risk of major gastroduodenal events, including symptomatic ulcers and their serious complications that can lead to fatal outcomes. The development of "coxibs" (selective cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] inhibitors) offered similar efficacy with reduced toxicity, but this promise of gastroduodenal safety has only partially been fulfilled, and is now dented with associated risks of cardiovascular or intestinal complications. Recent advances in basic science and biotechnology have given insights into molecular mechanisms of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal damage beyond COX-2 inhibition. The emergence of newer kinds of NSAIDs should alleviate gastroduodenal toxicity without compromising innate drug efficacy. In this review, novel strategies for avoiding NSAID-associated gastroduodenal damage will be described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jeong Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yang Suh
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: Ki-Baik
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hahm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D015195:Drug Design; D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors