title: Comparison of genotypes between environmental and clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii based on microsatellite patterns.
abstract: We applied multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) method to investigate the genetic relation between Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii clinical and environmental isolates in São Paulo, Brazil. This MLMT method includes three functional gene sequences of C. neoformans var. grubii, which are dispersed on three chromosomes. In all, 89 strains (36 clinical and 53 environmental isolates) were analyzed. Of 36 clinical strains, 20 belonged to a major type of MLMT-13 (55.6%). They were mainly isolated from clinical specimens. About 52.8% of strains from the environment belong to a major type of MLMT-36, which are indigenous to environments and which were not isolated from clinical samples. Thus, we recognized two genotypes that distinguish majority of clinical and environmental strains. No differences were found in antifungal susceptibility and capsule size between major environmental and clinical MLMT types.
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Japan 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yingqian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mihoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Maria Luiza
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mikami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001938:Brazil; D010856:Columbidae; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal
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