title: Diagnostic rigid endoscopy: otoscopy, rhinoscopy, and cystoscopy.
abstract: Diagnostic examinations are markedly improved by using rigid endoscopy in the ear, nasal cavity, and urinary tract. This article presents the procedure, equipment, indications, and examples of abnormalities of rigid endoscopy in these areas. Textbooks, "hands-on" courses, and in-hospital training are methods for learning about these techniques and their applications. In addition to improving diagnostics, endoscopy can also be used for therapy in these three body areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7390, USA. c_rawlings@bellsouth.net
authors.forename: Clarence A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rawlings
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002415:Cats; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D019723:Endoscopes / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D038781:Otoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods