title: Effect of low-energy gallium-aluminum-arsenide and aluminium gallium indium phosphide laser irradiation on the viability of C2C12 myoblasts in a muscle injury model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of phototherapy on the viability of cultured C2C12 myoblasts under different nutritional conditions (muscle injury model) using low-energy gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) and aluminium-gallium-indium-phosphide (InGaAlP) lasers with different wavelengths and powers.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The beneficial effects of phototherapy using low-energy lasers depend on irradiation parameters and type of laser used, but there are no data in the literature on C2C12 myoblasts proliferation after phototherapy with GaAlAs and InGaAlP lasers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A C2C12 cell line cultured in regular (10% fetal bovine serum, FBS) and nutrient-deficient (5% FBS) media were irradiated with low-energy GaAlAs (660 nm) and InGaAlP (780 nm) lasers with energy densities of 3.8, 6.3, and 10 J/cm2, and 3.8, 10, and 17.5 J/cm2, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed indirectly 24 h after irradiation by measuring the mitochondrial activity and using the crystal violet assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in cell viability between laser-treated myoblasts and control cultures for all tested parameters after 24 h of cell culture, although cell cultures grown in regular nutrient medium supplemented with 10% FBS exhibited higher growth rates than cultures, irradiated or not, grown in nutrient-deficient medium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laser phototherapy did not improve C2C12 viability under regular or nutrient-deficient (muscle injury model) conditions using the above parameters.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Sciences Department, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Paulo Pinheiro
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Raquel Agnelli Mesquita
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Erick Diomedesse
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Gravalos
authors.forename: Manoela Domingues
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Sandra Kalil
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bussadori
authors.forename: Daniela Aparecida Biasotto
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Kristianne Porta Santos
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000818:Animals; D001152:Arsenicals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005708:Gallium; D007204:Indium; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010720:Phosphines
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001152:Arsenicals; D010720:Phosphines; D007204:Indium; C043055:gallium arsenide; C485338:gallium phosphide; D005708:Gallium; C001864:aluminum phosphide; C090882:indium phosphide