title: Erlotinib monotherapy for stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter trial by the Korean Cancer Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erlotinib (Tarceva, OSI Pharmaceuticals, Melville, NY) is an oral, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has antitumor activity and good tolerability in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In particular, higher response rates have been reported in Asian patients than in Western patients. The aim of this study conducted by the Korean Cancer Study Group was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of erlotinib monotherapy as a palliative treatment for advanced NSCLC patients in Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IIIB or IV NSCLC including recurrent or metastatic disease, with performance status from 0 to 3, were eligible either if they had received any anticancer treatment except epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors or if they were unsuitable for chemotherapy because of poor performance status. Enrolled patients were treated with oral erlotinib at a dose of 150 mg daily until disease progression or development of intolerable toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 120 patients were enrolled between January 2005 and May 2006. Forty-four patients (36.7%) were female and 72 patients were current or former smoker. Fifty percent of patients had received one prior palliative chemotherapy regimens and 34.2% had two or more prior palliative regimens. The overall tumor response rate was 24.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.8-32.8%) with 4 complete responses and 25 partial responses, and the disease control rate was 56.7%. The favorable clinical variables for tumor response were female (P = 0.001), never smokers (P = 0.041), and adenocarcinoma (P = 0.001). The most common adverse event was skin rash (78% of which grade 3 or 4 skin rash occurred in 13.3% of the patients). With a median follow-up of 23.6 months, the median time to progression was 2.7 months (95% CI, 2.2-3.2), and the median overall survival was 12.9 months (95% CI, 6.9-18.8). By multivariate analysis, female and development of skin rash were significantly associated with longer time to progression and overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erlotinib monotherapy showed significant antitumor activity and an acceptable tolerability profile as a palliative treatment in advanced NSCLC patients in Korea, especially in females, never smokers, and patients with adenocarcinoma histology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Uhm
authors.forename: Byeong-Bae
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Myung-Ju
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jeeyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Sang We
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Heung-Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Seog
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jae Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hong Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Se Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chang Hak
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Sang Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jin Hyuck
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Keunchil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D066246:ErbB Receptors