Phenotypic variations between affected siblings with ataxia-telangiectasia: ataxia-telangiectasia in Japan.
A nationwide survey was conducted for identifying ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) patients in Japan. Eighty-nine patients were diagnosed between 1971 and 2006. Detailed clinical and laboratory data of 64 patients including affected siblings were collected. Analyses focused on malignancy, therapy-related toxicity, infection, and hematological/immunological parameters. The phenotypic variability of AT was assessed by comparing 26 affected siblings from 13 families. Malignancy developed in 22% of the cases and was associated with a high rate of severe therapy-related complications: chemotherapy-related cardiac toxicity in 2 children, and severe hemorrhagic cystitis requiring surgery in 2 patients. The frequency of serious viral infections correlated with the T cell count. Hypogammaglobulinemia with hyper-IgM (HIGM) was recorded in 5 patients, and 3 patients developed panhypogammaglobulinemia. Differences in immunological parameters were noted in siblings. Four patients showed an HIGM phenotype, in contrast to their siblings with normal IgG and IgM levels. The patients with HIGM phenotype showed reduced levels of TRECs and CD27+CD20+ memory B cells. The findings suggest that hitherto unidentified modifier genes or exogenous environmental factors can influence the overall immune responses. Our data along with future prospective study will lead to better understanding of the hematological/immunological phenotypes and to better care of the patients.
Morio
Tomohiro
T
Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. tmorio.ped@tmd.ac.jp.
Takahashi
Naomi
N
Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
Watanabe
Fumiaki
F
Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
Honda
Fumiko
F
Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
Sato
Masaki
M
Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
Takagi
Masatoshi
M
Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
Imadome
Ken-Ichi
KI
Department of Infectious Diseases, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
Miyawaki
Toshio
T
Department of Pediatrics, Toyama University School of Medicine, Toyama, Japan.
Delia
Domenico
D
Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Nakamura
Kotoka
K
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Gatti
Richard A
RA
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Mizutani
Shuki
S
Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001260:Ataxia Telangiectasia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D035781:Siblings; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
D007075:Immunoglobulin M
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