title: The serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha and lactate dehydrogenase but not of B2-microglobulin correlate with selected clinico-pathological prognostic factors and response to therapy in childhood soft tissue sarcomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the clinical utility of serum soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R alpha), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [corrected] and B2-microglobulin [corrected] (B2-M) as markers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring in childhood soft tissue sarcomas (STS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The markers[corrected] were measured prospectively before treatment, in complete remission (CR) during and after therapy and at relapse [corrected] in 35 children with STS and in 50 healthy children [corrected] (once).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum sIL-2R alpha and LDH [corrected] correlated with age thus they were [corrected] presented as multiplications [corrected] of the upper normal ranges [corrected] for age. Pre-treatment levels [corrected] of sIL-2R alpha and LDH [corrected] but not of B2-M exceeded significantly those of controls. [corrected] Elevated [corrected] sIL-2R alpha levels correlated with more [corrected] advanced stages, poor-risk histology and poor response to chemotherapy, higher LDH with incomplete primary tumour [corrected] resection and increased B2-M with poor-risk histology. [corrected] Patients' age >10 years, male gender and unfavourable tumour localisation were not accompanied by the markers' elevation. [corrected] None of the markers predicted EFS and OS. [corrected] Good response to chemotherapy was paralleled by significant decline of sIL-2R alpha and LDH pre-treatment levels while relapse--by sIL-2R alpha and LDH increase to values similar to those at diagnosis. [corrected] Monitoring of B2-M did not reflect the disease course. [corrected]
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sIL-2R alpha and LDH were [corrected] proven to be promising markers [corrected] for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in children with STS. The markers [corrected] correlated also with some [corrected] important prognostic clinico-pathological factors for childhood [corrected] STS; however, they [corrected] failed to predict EFS and OS. Measurements of serum [corrected] B2-M were shown [corrected] to have no clinical value in the diagnostics, prognostics and treatment monitoring in paediatric STS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Haematology, Oncology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. ewabien1@wp.pl
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bien
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rapala
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krawczyk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balcerska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
references.citation: J Pathol. 2009 Jun;218(2):222-31
references.pmid: 19274709
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 Nov;4(11):891-9
references.pmid: 15516961
references.citation: Int J Biol Markers. 1995 Apr-Jun;10(2):75-80
references.pmid: 7561242
references.citation: Acta Oncol. 1996;35(4):479-82
references.pmid: 8695165
references.citation: Tumori. 1999 Mar-Apr;85(2):101-7
references.pmid: 10363075
references.citation: Mediators Inflamm. 2005 Aug 14;2005(3):171-4
references.pmid: 16106104
references.citation: Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2007 Sep;24(6):417-30
references.pmid: 17710659
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2001 Oct;12(10):1423-32
references.pmid: 11762815
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2007 Jul 15;121(2):454-8
references.pmid: 17373663
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 1999 Dec;172:11-9
references.pmid: 10631933
references.citation: Cancer. 2002 Dec 15;95(12):2534-8
references.pmid: 12467067
references.citation: Curr Opin Hematol. 2006 Jul;13(4):266-72
references.pmid: 16755224
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2000 Oct;83(7):847-52
references.pmid: 10970683
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2000 Feb;59(3):279-87
references.pmid: 10832598
references.citation: Int J Pancreatol. 1995 Apr;17(2):161-6
references.pmid: 7622938
references.citation: Med Pediatr Oncol. 2003 Mar;40(3):187-8
references.pmid: 12518348
references.citation: Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Nov;51(5):589-92
references.pmid: 18649370
references.citation: Blood. 1989 Jun;73(8):2128-32
references.pmid: 2786434
references.citation: Eur J Intern Med. 2007 May;18(3):175-84
references.pmid: 17449388
references.citation: Cancer. 1991 May 1;67(9):2295-9
references.pmid: 2013037
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 2006 Jan;41(1):245-51
references.pmid: 16410142
references.citation: Paediatr Drugs. 2002;4(1):21-8
references.pmid: 11817983
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Nov;7(11):3504-9
references.pmid: 11705869
references.citation: Eur J Haematol. 1999 Feb;62(2):117-22
references.pmid: 10052715
references.citation: Oncologist. 2008 Jun;13(6):668-78
references.pmid: 18586922
references.citation: Wiad Lek. 2006;59(1-2):10-5
references.pmid: 16646285
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2009 Jan 15;124(2):367-75
references.pmid: 19003959
references.citation: Blood. 1988 Apr;71(4):1172-4
references.pmid: 3128349
references.citation: J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2001 Oct;21(10):793-6
references.pmid: 11710990
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2003 Apr;14(4):656
references.pmid: 12649118
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 1996 Jan-Feb;16(1):219-24
references.pmid: 8615612
references.citation: Int J Clin Oncol. 2002 Oct;7(5):312-7
references.pmid: 12402066
references.citation: Br J Haematol. 2005 Sep;130(5):709-15
references.pmid: 16115126
references.citation: Cancer Detect Prev. 2005;29(3):256-9
references.pmid: 15899555
references.citation: Oncology. 1988;45(3):162-5
references.pmid: 3285279
references.citation: J Clin Immunol. 2007 Jan;27(1):1-18
references.pmid: 17216565
references.citation: Int J Hematol. 2000 Aug;72(2):194-9
references.pmid: 11039668
references.citation: Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2002 Mar;51(1):53-7
references.pmid: 11845260
references.citation: Oncol Rep. 1999 Jul-Aug;6(4):807-11
references.pmid: 10373661
references.citation: World J Urol. 1999 Oct;17(5):319-23
references.pmid: 10552152
references.citation: Cytokine. 2006 Feb 7;33(3):150-5
references.pmid: 16517174
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 2009 Dec;129(12):1519-23
references.pmid: 19922107
references.citation: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Nov;1(6):1322-30
references.pmid: 17699365
references.citation: BioDrugs. 2005;19(6):347-54
references.pmid: 16392887
references.citation: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000 Aug;12(8):937-9
references.pmid: 10958222
references.citation: Biomarkers. 2007 Mar-Apr;12(2):203-13
references.pmid: 17536769
references.citation: Urol Oncol. 2000 Jul 1;5(4):168-172
references.pmid: 10869961
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2002 Aug 1;100(4):463-71
references.pmid: 12115531
references.citation: Ann Surg Oncol. 2000 Apr;7(3):239-45
references.pmid: 10791856
references.citation: Tumori. 2004 Sep-Oct;90(5):478-84
references.pmid: 15656333
references.citation: Leukemia. 1993 Aug;7(8):1242-4
references.pmid: 8394483
references.citation: Biomarkers. 2008 Feb;13(1):1-26
references.pmid: 17906988
references.citation: Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Apr;50(4):739-45
references.pmid: 18286501
references.citation: Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1998 Dec;28(12):729-32
references.pmid: 9879289
references.citation: Blood. 2006 Aug 1;108(3):1007-12
references.pmid: 16569769
references.citation: J Clin Immunol. 2002 Mar;22(2):51-6
references.pmid: 11998892
references.citation: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Dec;20(4):523-8
references.pmid: 11876546
references.citation: Wiad Lek. 2004;57(1-2):8-11
references.pmid: 15181741
references.citation: Eur J Haematol. 1999 Jul;63(1):19-25
references.pmid: 10414450
references.citation: Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1996;44(2-3):123-6
references.pmid: 8915516
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Jun 15;13(12):3591-6
references.pmid: 17575223
references.citation: Eur J Clin Invest. 1980 Aug;10(4):293-300
references.pmid: 6159213
references.citation: Haematologica. 2007 Aug;92(8):1067-74
references.pmid: 17640855
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2008 May;19(5):970-6
references.pmid: 18272915
references.citation: Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2004 Oct-Dec;8(4 Pt 2):1081-9
references.pmid: 15951603
references.citation: Med Sci Monit. 2000 Jul-Aug;6(4):661-7
references.pmid: 11208388
references.citation: Leuk Lymphoma. 2006 Apr;47(4):603-11
references.pmid: 16690518
references.citation: Scand J Immunol. 1977;6(4):255-63
references.pmid: 67632
references.citation: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2009 Jan;135(1):53-9
references.pmid: 18592269
references.citation: Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006 Apr;37(8):731-7
references.pmid: 16501593
references.citation: Mymensingh Med J. 2008 Jul;17(2):169-73
references.pmid: 18626453
references.citation: Scand J Immunol. 1994 Jan;39(1):64-72
references.pmid: 8290894
references.citation: Lung Cancer. 1999 Jan;23(1):1-9
references.pmid: 10100141
references.citation: Bone Marrow Transplant. 2007 Oct;40(7):651-8
references.pmid: 17660837
references.citation: Lancet. 2001 Apr 21;357(9264):1263-4
references.pmid: 11418153
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 1990 Jan;26(1):33-6
references.pmid: 2138475