title: Abnormal coronary reserve and left ventricular wall motion during cold pressor test in patients with previous left ventricular ballooning syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether and how cold pressor test (CPT) could affect myocardial perfusion and left ventricular (LV) function in patients with previous LV ballooning syndrome (LVBS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cold pressor test (3 min hand immersion in ice-water) was performed in 17 women with previous LVBS and in 7 age- and risk factor-matched women with chest pain and normal coronary arteries. At baseline and peak CPT, global and regional LV function, and myocardial perfusion were quantitatively assessed by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) and myocardial contrast (SonoVue, Bracco) 2D echocardiography (MCE), respectively (Philips iE33 machine, X3-1 and S5-1 probes). Data were analysed off-line (QLab 6.0 software). Peripheral venous catecholamines were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Cold pressor test induced similar haemodynamic changes and catecholamine increase in controls and LVBS patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased and transient new mid-ventricular and apical motion abnormalities developed in LVBS patients only (quantitative RT3D analysis), without corresponding perfusion defects (MCE). At peak CPT, coronary blood flow and velocity increased (quantitative MCE analysis) in control subjects only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cold pressor test induced LV wall motion abnormalities unmatched to regional coronary flow reduction in LVBS patients only. The reduced coronary reserve in response to CPT suggests microvascular dysfunction in LVBS patients.
authors.affiliation: Non Invasive Cardiology, Department of Heart and Vessels, AOU Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy. barlettagius@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barletta
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Del Pace
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boddi
authors.forename: Riccarda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Del Bene
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bellandi
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coppo
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saletti
authors.forename: Gian Franco
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gensini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003080:Cold Temperature; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D053805:Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine