title: Controlled hypotension for middle ear surgery: a comparison between remifentanil and magnesium sulphate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This prospective, randomized study was designed to compare remifentanil and magnesium sulphate during middle ear surgery in terms of postoperative pain and other complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients undergoing middle ear surgery were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomized into two groups of 40 to receive remifentanil (Group R) or magnesium sulphate (Group M) infusion. Propofol 2 mg kg(-1) was administered to induce anaesthesia, which was maintained using sevoflurane. Group R received a continuous infusion of remifentanil titrated between 3 and 4 ng ml(-1) using target-controlled infusion, whereas Group M received an i.v. magnesium sulphate bolus of 50 mg kg(-1) followed by a 15 mg kg(-1) h(-1) continuous infusion to maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 60 and 70 mm Hg. Haemodynamic variables, surgical conditions, postoperative pain, and adverse effects, such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and shivering, were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Controlled hypotension was well maintained in both groups. MAP and heart rate were higher in Group R than in Group M after operation. Surgical conditions were not different between the two groups. Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in Group M than in Group R (P<0.05). Seventeen patients in Group R (43%) and seven patients in Group M (18%) developed PONV (P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both magnesium sulphate and remifentanil when combined with sevoflurane provided adequate controlled hypotension and proper surgical conditions for middle ear surgery. However, patients administered magnesium sulphate had a more favourable postoperative course with better analgesia and less shivering and PONV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Kumi-Ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyonggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: I-S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Do
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007023:Hypotension, Controlled / Q000379:methods*; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077208:Remifentanil
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D000077208:Remifentanil