title: Association of age at first sex with HIV-1, HSV-2, and other sexual transmitted infections among women in northern Tanzania.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine the association between age at first sex and the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV-1 and HSV-2, in women in Moshi urban district, northern Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2019 women aged 20 to 44 were randomly selected in a 2-stage sampling from Moshi urban district, northern Tanzania. Information on demographics and sexual behaviors were obtained. Blood and urine samples were drawn for testing of HIV-1, HSV-2, and other STIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women who had their first sexual intercourse at age between 18 and 19 (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.50-0.86) or 20+ (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.36-0.60) were less likely to have STIs, including HIV-1 and HSV-2, than women who had their first intercourse before their 18th birthday. The hazards of having had first sex at an earlier age were significantly higher for women who tested positive for STIs (HR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.37-1.69) or had STI symptoms (HR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.05-1.30). Early age at first sex was associated with having a regular noncohabiting partner (HR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.23-1.58), female circumcision (HR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02-1.40), and coercion at first intercourse (HR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.15-1.89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In sub-Saharan Africa, where the prevalence of HIV and other STIs is high, a better understanding of the determinants of the age at first sex is crucial for HIV/STI prevention programs. Prevention programs should not only aim at delaying the age at first sex but also address factors leading to early age at first sex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University School of Public Health and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA. musie@jimmy.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Musie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghebremichael
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Elijah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paintsil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003075:Coitus; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
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