Glycinergic projection neurons of the cerebellum.
The cerebellum funnels its entire output through a small number of presumed glutamatergic premotor projection neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei and GABAergic neurons that feed back to the inferior olive. Here we use transgenic mice selectively expressing green fluorescent protein in glycinergic neurons to demonstrate that many premotor output neurons in the medial cerebellar (fastigial) nuclei are in fact glycinergic, not glutamatergic as previously thought. These neurons exhibit similar firing properties as neighboring glutamatergic neurons and receive direct input from both Purkinje cells and excitatory fibers. Glycinergic fastigial neurons make functional projections to vestibular and reticular neurons in the ipsilateral brainstem, whereas their glutamatergic counterparts project contralaterally. Together, these data suggest that the cerebellum can influence motor outputs via two distinct and complementary pathways.
Bagnall
Martha W
MW
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA.
Zingg
Brian
B
Sakatos
Alexandra
A
Moghadam
Setareh H
SH
Zeilhofer
Hanns Ulrich
HU
du Lac
Sascha
S
D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000166:cytology; D048429:Cell Size; D002529:Cerebellar Nuclei / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D007839:Functional Laterality; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013569:Synapses / Q000648:ultrastructure
D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005990:Glycerol
J Neurophysiol. 1998 Sep;80(3):1180-96
9744931
Neuron. 2004 Jan 8;41(1):113-26
14715139
J Neurosci. 2006 Dec 6;26(49):12656-63
17151268
Neuroscience. 2009 Jun 16;161(1):123-38
19306913
J Neurocytol. 1993 Feb;22(2):81-91
8095297
J Neurosci. 2005 Jul 13;25(28):6490-8
16014710
J Comp Neurol. 1977 Jul 15;174(2):281-305
68041
Neuron. 2006 Jul 6;51(1):113-23
16815336
Neuroscience. 2008 Oct 15;156(3):537-49
18755250
J Comp Neurol. 1990 Dec 8;302(2):330-48
1705268
Exp Brain Res. 1993;94(2):252-60
8359241
Eur J Neurosci. 1995 Nov 1;7(11):2322-33
8563981
Neuroscience. 2008 Jul 31;155(1):317-25
18571332
Brain Res. 1978 Feb 24;142(2):237-48
630384
Brain Res. 1983 May;286(3):299-322
6189563
Prog Brain Res. 2000;124:141-72
10943123
Neuroscience. 2009 Sep 1;162(3):732-55
19409234
J Physiol. 1986 Mar;372:129-47
3723407
Nat Neurosci. 2005 Oct;8(10):1329-34
16136036
Brain Res. 1981 Jun 29;215(1-2):29-47
6167316
Prog Brain Res. 2000;124:257-73
10943131
J Comp Neurol. 1997 Jun 16;382(4):443-58
9184992
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 1;89(11):5006-10
1594607
J Neurophysiol. 2007 Jan;97(1):901-11
17093116
Arch Ital Biol. 1990 Jul;128(2-4):127-49
2268180
J Neurosci. 2002 Oct 1;22(19):8447-57
12351719
Science. 1994 Aug 12;265(5174):949-51
8052851
J Neurosci. 2003 Jul 16;23(15):6392-8
12867525
Brain Res. 1987 May 5;410(2):340-2
3036310
J Neurosci. 2007 Apr 4;27(14):3823-38
17409247
J Neurosci. 2007 Feb 28;27(9):2318-30
17329429
J Comp Neurol. 1994 May 1;343(1):173-82
8027434
Neurosci Res. 2004 Jun;49(2):165-78
15140559
J Neurosci. 1989 Aug;9(8):2718-36
2570136
Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1437-9
12775842
J Comp Neurol. 1998 Mar 9;392(2):164-78
9512267
Neurosci Res. 1995 Aug;23(1):89-102
7501304
Anat Embryol (Berl). 1991;184(3):225-43
1793166
Brain Res. 1970 Nov 11;24(1):49-68
5503234
J Neurophysiol. 1991 Jun;65(6):1360-71
1875245
J Comp Neurol. 1992 Jan 1;315(1):74-84
1371781
Neuroscience. 2002;110(1):105-21
11882376
J Neurophysiol. 2003 Apr;89(4):1738-47
12686564
J Neurosci. 2007 Sep 5;27(36):9696-710
17804630
J Comp Neurol. 2005 Feb 7;482(2):123-41
15611994
J Physiol. 1977 Mar;265(3):833-54
300801
Brain Res. 1997 Aug 22;766(1-2):289-96
9359619
J Comp Neurol. 1997 May 12;381(3):320-34
9133571
J Comp Neurol. 1989 Jun 1;284(1):12-35
2474000
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1992;15:403-42
1575449