title: Vitamin D levels in subjects with and without type 1 diabetes residing in a solar rich environment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies, largely in northern Europe, have suggested an association between type 1 diabetes and reduced serum 25-hydroxy(OH) vitamin D levels, a concept we tested in individuals residing in a solar-rich region (Florida).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from 415 individuals residing in Florida were cross-sectionally analyzed: 153 control subjects, 46 new-onset type 1 diabetic patients, 110 established type 1 diabetic patients (samples >or=5 months from diagnosis), and 106 first-degree relatives of the diabetic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 25-OH vitamin D levels (median, range, interquartile range [IQR]) were similar among control subjects (20.1, below detection [bd]-163.5, 13.0-37.4 ng/ml), new-onset type 1 diabetic patients (21.2, bd-48.6, 12.2-30.2 ng/ml), established type 1 diabetic patients (23.2, bd-263.8, 13.8-33.9 ng/ml), and first-degree relatives (22.2, bd-59.9, 12.7-33.1 ng/ml) (P = 0.87). Mean 25-OH vitamin D levels were less than the optimal World Health Organization level of 30 ng/ml in all study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were not specifically associated with type 1 diabetes. The uniform suboptimal 225-OH vitamin D levels, despite residence in a zone with abundant sunshine, support additional dietary vitamin D fortification practices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bierschenk
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wasserfall
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Desmond
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schatz
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atkinson
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005006:Ethnicity; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044469:Racial Groups; D013472:Sunlight; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2
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