title: Excess of cardiovascular mortality among node-negative breast cancer patients irradiated for inner-quadrant tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiotherapy of the left breast is associated with higher cardiovascular mortality linked to cardiotoxic effect of irradiation. Radiotherapy of inner quadrants can be associated with greater heart irradiation, but no study has evaluated the effect of inner-quadrant irradiation on cardiovascular mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 1245 women, the majority with breast-conserving surgery, irradiated for primary node-negative breast cancer from 1980 to 2004 registered at the Geneva Cancer Registry. We compared breast cancer-specific and cardiovascular mortality between inner-quadrant (n = 393) versus outer-quadrant tumors (n = 852) by multivariate Cox regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean follow-up of 7.7 years, 28 women died of cardiovascular disease and 91 of breast cancer. Patients with inner-quadrant tumors had a more than doubled risk of cardiovascular mortality compared with patients with outer-quadrant tumors (adjusted hazard ratio 2.5; 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.4). Risk was particularly increased in the period with higher boost irradiation. Patients with left-sided breast cancer had no excess of cardiovascular mortality compared with patients with right-sided tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiotherapy of inner-quadrant breast cancer is associated with an important increase of cardiovascular mortality, a possible result of higher irradiation of the heart. For patients with inner-quadrant tumors, the heart should be radioprotected.
authors.affiliation: Geneva Cancer Registry, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva. Electronic address: christine.bouchardymagnin@unige.ch.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchardy
authors.affiliation: Geneva Cancer Registry, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rapiti
authors.affiliation: Geneva Cancer Registry, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usel
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals.
authors.forename: S Balmer
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Majno
authors.affiliation: Senology Unit, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vlastos
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U946, Fondation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE2939, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benhamou
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miralbell
authors.affiliation: Geneva Cancer Registry, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Neyroud-Caspar
authors.affiliation: Geneva Cancer Registry, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva; Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Verkooijen
authors.affiliation: Geneva Cancer Registry, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva; Oncology Center, Universitair Zienkenhuis, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vinh-Hung
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome