title: The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster affects risk for nicotine dependence in African-Americans and in European-Americans.
abstract: Genetic association studies have shown the importance of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster on chromosome 15q24-25.1 for the risk of nicotine dependence, smoking, and lung cancer in populations of European descent. We have carried out a detailed study of this region using dense genotyping in both European-Americans and African-Americans. We genotyped 75 known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one sequencing-discovered SNP in an African-American sample (N = 710) and in a European-American sample (N = 2,062). Cases were nicotine-dependent and controls were nondependent smokers. The nonsynonymous CHRNA5 SNP rs16969968 is the most significant SNP associated with nicotine dependence in the full sample of 2,772 subjects [P = 4.49 x 10(-8); odds ratio (OR), 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25-1.61] as well as in African-Americans only (P = 0.015; OR, 2.04; 1.15-3.62) and in European-Americans only (P = 4.14 x 10(-7); OR, 1.40; 1.23-1.59). Other SNPs that have been shown to affect the mRNA levels of CHRNA5 in European-Americans are associated with nicotine dependence in African-Americans but not in European-Americans. The CHRNA3 SNP rs578776, which has a low correlation with rs16969968, is associated with nicotine dependence in European-Americans but not in African-Americans. Less common SNPs (frequency <or= 5%) are also associated with nicotine dependence. In summary, multiple variants in this gene cluster contribute to nicotine dependence risk, and some are also associated with functional effects on CHRNA5. The nonsynonymous SNP rs16969968, a known risk variant in populations of European-descent, is also significantly associated with risk in African-Americans. Additional SNPs contribute to risk in distinct ways in these two populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, UA. nlims@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Saccone
authors.forename: Jen C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Breslau
authors.forename: Eric O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
authors.forename: Scott F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Saccone
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Grucza
authors.forename: Lingwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Culverhouse
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Anthony L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hinrichs
authors.forename: Joseph Henry
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Goate
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Bierut
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D005810:Multigene Family; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; C447158:CHRNA5 protein, human; C447159:CHRNB4 protein, human
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