title: Radiolabeled antibodies to Bacillus anthracis toxins are bactericidal and partially therapeutic in experimental murine anthrax.
abstract: Bacillus anthracis is a powerful agent for use in biological warfare, and infection with the organism is associated with a high rate of mortality, underscoring the need for additional effective therapies for anthrax. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) takes advantage of the specificity and affinity of the antigen-antibody interaction to deliver a microbicidal radioactive nuclide to a site of infection. RIT has proven therapeutic in experimental models of viral, bacterial, and fungal infections; but it is not known whether this approach can successfully employ toxin binding monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for diseases caused by toxigenic bacteria. Indirect immunofluorescence studies with MAbs to protective antigen (MAbs 7.5G gamma2b and 10F4 gamma1) and lethal factor (MAb 14FA gamma2b) revealed the surface expression of toxins on bacterial cells. Scatchard analysis of MAbs revealed high binding constants and numerous binding sites on the bacterial surface. To investigate the microbicidal properties of these MAbs, our group radiolabeled MAbs with either (188)Re or (213)Bi. In vitro, (213)Bi was more efficient than (188)Re in mediating microbicidal activity against B. anthracis. The administration of MAbs [(213)Bi]10F4 gamma1 and [(213)Bi]14FA gamma2b prolonged the survival of A/JCr mice infected with B. anthracis Sterne bacterial cells but not B. anthracis Sterne spores. These results indicate that RIT with MAbs that target B. anthracis toxin components can be used to treat experimental anthrax infection and suggest that toxigenic bacteria may be targeted with radiolabeled MAbs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Antonio S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Nakouzi
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bruchertseifer
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dadachova
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casadevall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000881:Anthrax / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology*; D001729:Bismuth / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D051379:Mice; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C030325:anthrax toxin; D001729:Bismuth
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