Interview versus questionnaire symptom reporting in people with the postconcussion syndrome.
OBJECTIVE
To compare spontaneous, interview-based, postconcussion symptom reporting to endorsement of symptoms on a standardized questionnaire.


METHODS
Sixty-one patients referred to a concussion clinic following mild traumatic brain injury.


METHODS
Patients recalled their current symptoms and problems via open-ended interview and then completed a structured postconcussion checklist.


METHODS
Open-ended interview and the British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (BC-PSI).


RESULTS
On average, patients endorsed 3.3 symptoms (SD = 1.9) during open-ended interview and 9.1 symptoms (SD = 3.2) on the BC-PSI (P < .001). Approximately 44% endorsed 4 or more symptoms during interview compared with 92% on the BC-PSI. The percentage of patients endorsing items on the BC-PSI compared with interview was significantly greater on all 13 items. It was common for patients to endorse symptoms as moderate-severe on the BC-PSI, despite not spontaneously reporting those symptoms during the interview.


CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians need to be cautious when interpreting questionnaires and be aware of the possibility of nonspecific symptom endorsement, symptom overendorsement, symptom expectations influencing symptom endorsement, and the nocebo effect.
Iverson
Grant L
GL
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. giverson@interchange.ubc.ca
Brooks
Brian L
BL
Ashton
V Lynn
VL
Lange
Rael T
RT
D000328:Adult; D001955:British Columbia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012650:Self Disclosure; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires