title: Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) interactions with barley, rice, and wheat seedlings.
abstract: A choice test revealed that Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), adults deposited approximately 3 times more eggs on wheat (Triticum spp.), seedlings than on barley (Hordeum spp.) or rice, Oryza sativa L., seedlings. On a barley seedling, 49.4% of eggs were deposited on either the abaxial leaf surface or the coleoptile and first leaf sheath (C&FLS), where newly hatched larvae die due to their inability to migrate into the interspace between leaf sheaths. In comparison, only 14% of eggs were deposited on the abaxial leaf surface or C&FLS on a wheat seedling. The average death rate of Hessian fly larvae in seedlings of an apparently susceptible barley line was 60%, compared with only 10% in seedlings of a susceptible wheat cultivar. The development of Hessian fly larvae was also much slower in barley seedlings than in wheat seedlings. It took 12 d for Hessian fly larvae to finish the first and second instars in susceptible barley seedlings, compared with 10 d in susceptible wheat seedlings under the same conditions. These results indicate that barley is not a good host for the Hessian fly. Our results also confirmed that rice is a nonhost for the Hessian fly. The resistance mechanism in rice was different from that in R gene resistant wheat. Hessian fly larvae grew a little and died more slowly in rice seedlings, whereas Hessian fly larvae died quickly without growth in resistant wheat.
authors.affiliation: Plant Science and Entomology Research Unit, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Ming-Shun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xuming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mustapha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Bouhssini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004175:Diptera / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005518:Food Preferences; D001467:Hordeum / Q000254:growth & development*; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development*; D010058:Oviposition; D036226:Seedlings / Q000502:physiology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development*