title: Combination of everolimus and tacrolimus in kidney transplant patients with intolerance to mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most immunosuppressive protocols in de novo renal transplantation include tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid (MMF/MPA) and prednisone. A variable percentage of patients show intolerance to MMF/MPA needing a reduction, interruption, or suspension of the drug, thereby exposing the patient to a greater risk of a rejection episode. The association of everolimus and tacrolimus may prove to be an alternative option in such cases. The aim of this study was to present our clinical experience, evaluating the incidence of graft rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a descriptive study of 19 kidney transplant patients from 2001-2008 who were treated with tacrolimus, MMF/MPA, and prednisone and displayed gastrointestinal or hematological adverse events to MMF/MPA, which were addressed with everolimus. We analyzed parameters up to 2 years after the change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The doses and levels of everolimus were increased progressively. At the same time, we decreased the doses and levels of tacrolimus. Renal function remained stable during the period and there was no case of a rejection episode during the 2 years. Only 5 patients (26%) showed side effects which were attributable to everolimus; 36% of patients required starting and/or increasing the erythropoietin dose, 15% required iron supplements, 15% required diuretics, and 31% began or increased treatment with statins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience suggested that a combination of tacrolimus and everolimus may be a safe, effective alternative for kidney transplant patients who show intolerance to MMF/MPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain. sac0507@yahoo.es
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inza
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Odriozola
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zárraga
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García-Erauskin
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lampreabe
mesh_terms: D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068338:Everolimus; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000068338:Everolimus; D003404:Creatinine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D011241:Prednisone; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus