title: Insecticidal effect of diatomaceous earth against three species of stored-product psocids on maize, rice, and wheat.
abstract: We evaluated the efficacy of three diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations, Dryacide, Protect-It, and Insecto, against three Psocoptera species, Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) (Liposcelididae), Lepinotus reticulatus Enderlein (Trogiidae), and Liposcelis decolor (Pearman), in the laboratory. Bioassays were conducted in three grain commodities, wheat, rice and maize, at 30 degrees C and 75% RH, and the DEs were applied at the recommended dose rates of 1,000, 400, and 500 ppm for Dryacide, Protect-It, and Insecto, respectively. Differences in adult mortality were found among grains and DEs for L. entomophila and L. reticulatus, but these trends were not consistent for all combinations tested. Type of grain and DE did not affect L. decolor mortality significantly. Moreover, mortality increased with increasing exposure time for L. entomophila and L. reticulatus, but there was no effect of exposure time on L. decolor. After 7 d of exposure, mortalities of L. entomophila, L. reticulatus, and L. decolor were 56, 55, and 40%, respectively, and the respective mortality levels after 14 d were 63, 71, and 42%. Progeny production after 30 d was significantly suppressed for all species in the treated grains. However, progeny production was still high in the treated grains and reached 54, 42, and 76 individuals/10 g of grain for L. entomophila, L. reticulatus, and L. decolor, respectively. Progeny production did not vary with commodity. Our results suggest that DEs, when used alone, will not provide effective control of psocids.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece. athanas@aua.gr
authors.forename: Christos G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Athanassiou
authors.forename: Frank H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Opit
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Throne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007692:Diatomaceous Earth; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D007313:Insecta; D007306:Insecticides; D009026:Mortality; D012275:Oryza; D013045:Species Specificity; D014908:Triticum; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D007692:Diatomaceous Earth