title: Systematic review of the renal protective effect of Astragalus membranaceus (root) on diabetic nephropathy in animal models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has long been recognized as the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Recent experimental studies have shown that Astragalus membranaceus (AM) (root) has an inhibitory effect on the oxidative stress that characterizes early DN. This systematic review assesses the efficacy and safety of AM (root), used as a single herb, in slowing the progression of DN in diabetic rat models.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted both an electronic search and a search by hand of randomized, controlled AM (root) treatment studies (including its effective components) focusing on animal models of DN. Two reviewers independently selected and assessed the studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 41 articles identified, 13 reports that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Significant beneficial effects were observed in the AM (root) treated groups compared to controls regarding fasting blood glucose levels (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -2.86, 95% confidential interval (CI): -4.26, -1.46, P < 0.001), glomerular filtration rate (SMD: -3.36, 95% CI: -4.69, -2.03, P < 0.00001), urinary albumin excretion rate (SMD: -2.46, 95% CI: -3.75, -1.16, P = 0.0002), and thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (SMD: -3.51, 95% CI: -6.68, -0.34, P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AM (root) and its effective components are effective in reducing fasting blood glucose and albuminuria levels, in reversing the glomerular hyperfiltration state, and in ameliorating the pathological changes of early DN in rat models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Juqian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xisheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D027885:Astragalus propinquus; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050533:Glomerular Basement Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018517:Plant Roots; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents