title: Atrioventricular valve annulus velocity and acceleration during global hypoxia in newborn pigs - assessment of myocardial function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Global hypoxia may affect regions of the neonatal heart during systole and diastole differently.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the first study, the aim was to assess longitudinal myocardial function in newborn pigs during global hypoxia and recovery. In the second study, invasive hemodynamic data were evaluated and compared with tissue velocities and acceleration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocardial Doppler measurements of velocity and acceleration in the atrioventricular valve annuli during global hypoxia were made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first experiment, systolic velocity (S), early diastolic velocity (E') and peak systolic acceleration (pSac) decreased during hypoxia. S, pSac and E'(mva) (mitral valve annulus) recovered after reoxygenation, while E'(septal) and E'(tva) (tricuspid valve annulus) did not. Isovolumic acceleration (IVA) did not reflect systolic dysfunction. In the second experiment, S(mva) and pSac(mva) declined during hypoxia similarly to maximum dP/dT. E'(mva) and E'(tva) were correlated with tau and both changed parallel to minimum dP/dT. In the TVA maximum dP/dT and pSac(tva) did not change, while S(tva) declined. By correcting for heart rate the pattern of alteration in S and pSac became comparable to the changes in E'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tissue Doppler velocity in systole, diastole and acceleration during rapid ejection reflect hemodynamic changes in the neonatal myocardium during global hypoxia and recovery. S and pSac reflect systolic function, while E' correlates with tau and mirrors diastolic function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Research, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. h.h.odland@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Hans Henrik
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Odland
authors.forename: Grete A B
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kro
authors.forename: Thor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Edvardsen
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thaulow
authors.forename: Ola Didrik
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Saugstad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000502:physiology