title: Mouse closed head injury model induced by a weight-drop device.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury represents the leading cause of death in young individuals. Various animal models have been developed to mimic human closed head injury (CHI). Widely used models induce head injury by lateral fluid percussion, a controlled cortical impact or impact acceleration. The presented model induces a CHI by a standardized weight-drop device inducing a focal blunt injury over an intact skull without pre-injury manipulations. The resulting impact triggers a profound neuroinflammatory response within the intrathecal compartment with high consistency and reproducibility, leading to neurological impairment and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. In this protocol, we define standardized procedures for inducing CHI in mice and determine various severity grades of CHI through modulation of the weight falling height. In experienced hands, this CHI model can be carried out in as little as 30 s per animal, with additional time required for subsequent posttraumatic analysis and data collection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA. michael.flierl@dhha.org
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Flierl
authors.forename: Philip F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Stahel
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Wade R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shohami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL