Post-translational Regulation of Runx2 in Bone and Cartilage.
The Runx2 gene product is essential for mammalian bone development. In humans, Runx2 haploinsufficiency results in cleidocranial dysplasia, a skeletal disorder characterized by bone and dental abnormalities. At the molecular level, Runx2 acts as a transcription factor for genes expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Runx2 gene expression and protein function are regulated on multiple levels, including transcription, translation, and post-translational modification. Furthermore, Runx2 is involved in numerous protein-protein interactions, most of which either activate or repress transcription of target genes. In this review, we discuss expression of Runx2 during development as well as the post-translational regulation of Runx2 through modification by phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation.
Jonason
J H
JH
Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Xiao
G
G
Zhang
M
M
Xing
L
L
Chen
D
D
D000107:Acetylation; D001846:Bone Development / Q000235:genetics; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D054875:Ubiquitination
D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human