[Therapy of multiple sclerosis].
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most frequent neuroimmunological disorders of the central nervous system. It is a multifactorial disease with possible causes including genetic and environmental factors. MS is characterized in essence by an autoimmune inflammation in the central nervous system, resulting in the damage of the myelin sheath and the axons. There are four pathological subtypes of the disease. Its clinical course can either be of the relapsing-remitting or primary and secondary progressive type. All structures of the central nervous system may be involved, but the longest tracts are affected the most often. According to the revised McDonald criteria, the diagnosis of MS is based on the clinical course and the MRI findings. Its therapy can be divided into the acute treatment of relapses, symptomatic relief and long-term immunomodulatory treatment. With respect to differential diagnosis, it is of special concern to distinguish between MS and neuromyelitis optica, as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the latter may prevent the development of severe residual symptoms associated with this disease.
Simó
Magdolna
M
Semmelweis Egyetem, Neurológiai Klinika, Budapest.
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000188:drug therapy; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy; D000069442:Natalizumab; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000175:diagnosis; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069442:Natalizumab; D010455:Peptides; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D016899:Interferon-beta; D011239:Prednisolone; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a