title: [Obesity and its' influence on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the blood of patients with varicose veins of the lower limbs].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress is considered as a probable mechanism in the pathogenesis and development of many diseases, including chronic venous disease (CVD). Local increased production of reactive oxygen species is taken into account as a mediator in vessel wall changes leading to damage of the endothelium and may be the mechanism leading to its' decreased blood flow and venous stasis. Obesity is a known clinical factor influencing venous blood flow from the lower limbs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Research aim was to evaluate the local production of ROS on the basis of malonylodialdehyde (MDA) production--a product of lipid peroxidation in blood samples taken from varicose veins of the lower limbs; as well as from blood taken from the forearms of patients that undertook surgery for lower limb varicose veins. The correlation between MDA level and body mass index (BMI) was also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The examined group consisted of 31 patients with diagnosed CVD of the 2nd and 3rd degree according to CEAP qualified for surgical procedure. The analyzed group consisted of 23 females and 8 males between the ages of 26-68 years (mean age 49.9 +/- 12.5). The control group included 31 patients (20 females and 11 males) between the ages of 51-72 years (mean age 60 +/- 12); volunteers were without signs and symptoms of CVD whom had MDA levels measured from forearm veins during routine exam. Lipid peroxidation products were identified by measuring reactive species reaction with thiobarbital, measured by the spectro-fluorometrical method given by Austa. MDA concentration were expressed as nmol of MDA per ml of plasma and measured using the fluorometric method at fluorescence emission at 553 nm and ebullition at 532 nm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increase in the MDA level in blood with various veins was noted in comparison to peripheral blood in patients with signs and symptoms of CVD (p < or = 0.0001). Overall MDA concentrations was higher in venous blood plasma in patients with CVD than in healthy volunteers (p < or = 0.0005). BMI substantially correlated with increased MDA concentration in blood plasma. MDA concentration was higher in obese patients than in patients with normal BMI. These results were substantially significant (p < or = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CVD is associated with increased oxidative stress measured by the level of MDA in blood plasma. Measurement of MDA may be a useful marker in evaluation of vessel changes in patients with CVD. 3. Obesity increases risk of lipid peroxidation and influences increment of oxidative stress in the group of patients with CVD.
authors.affiliation: II Katedra i Klinika Chirurgii Ogólnej, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Collegium Medicum, Kraków. mkozka@interia.pl
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kózka
authors.forename: Wirginia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krzyściak
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pietrzycka
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stepniewski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood*; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde