title: Prevalence and correlates of musculoskeletal pain in Chinese elderly and the impact on 4-year physical function and quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence, correlates and prospective impact of musculoskeletal pain on physical and psychological function in a population health survey of elderly Chinese men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four thousand men and women, aged 65 years and over, living in the community in Hong Kong took part in this study. A questionnaire to determine demographics, socio-economic status, medical history, smoking, alcohol intake and level of physical activity was administered by an interviewer. Participants were asked about the presence of pain in the back, neck, hip and knee in the past 12 months. They were re-interviewed after 4 years of follow-up to document physical performance measures, psychological function and occurrence of falls, fractures and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, back pain was most prevalent (48%), followed by knee (31%), neck (22.5%) and hip (8.9%) pain; the values was nearly twice as high in women compared with men for all sites. The presence of pain was not correlated with age, but was associated with various measures of socio-economic status as well as comorbidities. Baseline prevalence of pain was related to physical performance and quality-of-life measures, and fracture incidence after 4 years of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Musculoskeletal pain is prevalent among elderly men and women, being much higher in the latter, giving rise to considerable functional and psychological impairments. Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are likely to be the main underlying causes. The condition may be considered part of the frailty syndrome, and in this context, prevention and management represent major public health challenges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. jeanwoowong@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001416:Back Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors