title: Moderate intravenous sedation with fentanyl and midazolam for invasive procedures in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: Data were collected prospectively on 100 consecutive invasive procedures, that is, lumbar and bone marrow punctures (alone or in combination), in 16 patients less than 21 years of age with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Efficacy of sedation and the need for restraint were graded according to 2 multiple-point scales. All invasive procedures were successfully performed. Oxygen by face mask was needed in 5 cases, whereas no patient required sedation reversal; 92% of the time, the patient was calm, cooperative, and responding to verbal commands, whereas in 97 procedures, there was no or only minimal patient movement that did not interfere with the completion of the procedure. Inpatient administration of midazolam and fentanyl by trained pediatric providers is safe and effective for invasive procedures in children and adolescents with ALL.
authors.affiliation: Democritus University of Thrace in Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Elpis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mantadakis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katzilakis
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Foundoulaki
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalmanti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl