E3 ubiquitin ligases in T-cell tolerance.
The immune system uses several mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance in order to prevent the activation of T lymphocytes toward self-antigens. Although the importance of immune self-tolerance has been established for a long time, some essential cellular and molecular mechanisms of T-cell tolerance have only been recently revealed. Once thought to be a recycling system, protein ubiquitylation by E3 ligases has now emerged as a regulated and crucial modulator of immune responses, and more importantly as a key signaling pathway involved in T-cell tolerance. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the transcriptional and molecular signaling mechanisms involved in ubiquitylation-mediated T-cell tolerance.
Paolino
Magdalena
M
Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
Penninger
Josef M
JM
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017634:Self Tolerance; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination
D007376:Interleukin-2; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases