title: Antipyretic agents for preventing recurrences of febrile seizures: randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of different antipyretic agents and their highest recommended doses for preventing febrile seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hospitals, each working as the only pediatric hospital in its region.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 231 children who experienced their first febrile seizure between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2003. The children were observed for 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  All febrile episodes during follow-up were treated first with either rectal diclofenac or placebo. After 8 hours, treatment was continued with oral ibuprofen, acetaminophen, or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recurrence of febrile seizures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The children experienced 851 febrile episodes, and 89 of these included a febrile seizure. Febrile seizure recurrences occurred in 54 of the 231 children (23.4%). There were no significant differences between the groups in the main measure of effect, and the effect estimates were similar, as the rate was 23.4% (46 of 197) in those receiving antipyretic agents and 23.5% (8 of 34) in those receiving placebo (difference, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, -12.8 to 17.6; P = .99). Fever was significantly higher during the episodes with seizure than in those without seizure (39.7 degrees C vs 38.9 degrees C; difference, 0.7 degrees C; 95% confidence interval, -0.9 degrees C to -0.6 degrees C; P < .001), and this phenomenon was independent of the medication given.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antipyretic agents are ineffective for the prevention of recurrences of febrile seizures and for the lowering of body temperature in patients with a febrile episode that leads to a recurrent febrile seizure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Teemu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strengell
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhari
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tarkka
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uusimaa
authors.forename: Reija
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alen
authors.forename: Pentti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lautala
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rantala
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010919:Placebos; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D003294:Seizures, Febrile / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013488:Suppositories; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010919:Placebos; D013488:Suppositories; D004008:Diclofenac; D000082:Acetaminophen; D007052:Ibuprofen