title: Identification of dairy fractions with anti-inflammatory properties in models of acute gout.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Large epidemiological studies have shown that low-fat dairy intake reduces the risk of developing gout. It was hypothesised that factors within dairy fractions inhibit the inflammatory response to monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dairy fractions were tested in MSU crystal-stimulated THP-1 cell assays. Fractions with inhibitory effects were then tested in the murine urate peritonitis model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two dairy fractions were found to have consistent inhibitory effects. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) and G600 milk fat extract both inhibited interleukin-1beta (IL1beta) gene and protein expression in the THP-1 cell assay. Conversely, standard milk fat increased IL8 protein expression in the THP-1 cell assay. Oral administration of GMP and G600 milk fat extract inhibited cellular influx in the urate peritonitis model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both protein and lipid fractions within dairy products are capable of modulating the inflammatory response to MSU crystals.
authors.affiliation: Bone Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand. n.dalbeth@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dalbeth
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gracey
authors.forename: Bregina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pool
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Callon
authors.forename: Fiona M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: McQueen
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cornish
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: MacGibbon
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palmano
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003460:Crystallization; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D006073:Gout / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002364:Caseins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C065989:caseinomacropeptide; D014527:Uric Acid