title: Segmentation of human skull in MRI using statistical shape information from CT data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To automatically segment the skull from the MRI data using a model-based three-dimensional segmentation scheme.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study exploited the statistical anatomy extracted from the CT data of a group of subjects by means of constructing an active shape model of the skull surfaces. To construct a reliable shape model, a novel approach was proposed to optimize the automatic landmarking on the coupled surfaces (i.e., the skull vault) by minimizing the description length that incorporated local thickness information. This model was then used to locate the skull shape in MRI of a different group of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with performing landmarking separately on the coupled surfaces, the proposed landmarking method constructed models that had better generalization ability and specificity. The segmentation accuracies were measured by the Dice coefficient and the set difference, and compared with the method based on mathematical morphology operations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed approach using the active shape model based on the statistical skull anatomy presented in the head CT data contributes to more reliable segmentation of the skull from MRI data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Defeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Winnie C W
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Jack C Y
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Pheng Ann
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Heng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*