title: Glucocorticoids and phenobarbital induce murine CYP2B genes by independent mechanisms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genes for CYP of the 2B subfamily (CYP2B genes) have long been known to be inducible in murine liver by phenobarbital and phenobarbital-like inducers. More recently, it has become clear that glucocorticoids can also induce these genes by a mechanism independent of that of phenobarbital-like inducers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the evidence for the existence of two distinct molecular mechanisms for induction of murine CYP2B genes and to analyze the wider implications of this situation for inducible xenobiotic metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mechanism of action of phenobarbital-like inducers of murine CYP2B genes is first briefly summarized. The role of glucocorticoids in the induction of various proteins, particularly rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, where transcriptional activation is achieved via a glucocorticoid response unit, is also discussed. Finally, recent results are presented on glucocorticoid induction of murine CYP2B genes, including evidence for the presence of a functional glucocorticoid response unit in the rat CYP2B2 gene and for the role of constitutive androstane receptor as an accessory factor in this response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Murine CYP2B genes are seen to respond to two distinct regulatory mechanisms, but much remains to be learned concerning the interactions between these two regulatory loops, as well as the details of glucocorticoid induction.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l'Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, CHUQ, 11, côte du Palais, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Audet-Walsh
authors.forename: Sacha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auclair-Vincent
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D015262:Xenobiotics; D003907:Dexamethasone; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D010634:Phenobarbital