title: Influence of alcohol intake on circadian blood pressure variation in Japanese men: the Ohasama study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both a large habitual alcohol intake and a pattern of circadian blood pressure (BP) variation characterized by a high morning/daytime BP have been reported to be risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, the association between these two factors was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 194 men in the general population of Ohasama underwent ambulatory BP measurement, completed a lifestyle questionnaire, and were classified into three categories according to current alcohol consumption: nondrinkers, light drinkers, and heavy drinkers. Two-hour moving averages of BP (2h-BP) were used to compare BP variation during a 24-h period among the drinking categories. 2h-BP Dif (defined as 2h-BP 2 h after waking minus 2h-BP 2 h before waking) and the percentage decline in nocturnal BP were also assessed as indicators of circadian BP variation. Multivariate analysis was conducted after adjustment for possible confounding factors including daily salt intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of 2h-BP revealed that BP variation in drinkers had specific characteristics: a rapid BP increase before waking and higher morning BP levels (P = 0.0001). 2h-BP Dif was significantly higher in heavy drinkers than in nondrinkers (P = 0.04), while there was no significant association between drinking status and the magnitude of the nocturnal BP decline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Habitual alcohol intake was associated with a higher 2h-BP Dif.
authors.affiliation: Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashita
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Metoki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikuya
authors.forename: Takuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsubota-Utsugi
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asayama
authors.forename: Ryusuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obara
authors.forename: Haruhisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Totsune
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires