title: Increment of interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, nitric oxide, C-reactive protein and apoptosis in dengue.
abstract: This study evaluated the levels of TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, nitric oxide (NO), CRP, C3 and apoptosis in 36 patients with dengue fever (DF), 34 patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and in virus-infected monocyte cultures. IL-6, TNFalpha, NO (nitrites) and CRP levels were increased and C3 diminished in patients with DF and DHF. IL-6, TNFalpha, CPR and C3 values were associated with disease severity (DHF). Nitrite content was incremented in DF patients. TNFalpha, NO and CRP levels were associated with secondary infection. IL-6 and CRP levels were associated with dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) and DENV-2, respectively. Low levels of C3 were associated with DENV-2 and DENV-4 infections. Similarly, increased content of TNFalpha, IL-6 and nitrites were observed in supernatants from infected monocyte cultures. IL-6 was associated with DENV-4 infection. The different virus serotypes induced apoptosis in monocyte cultures. Dengue infection did not induce elevated IL-1beta production, either in patients or in infected cultures. These results suggest that TNFalpha, IL-6, NO and CRP are involved in dengue infection and that monocytes could be an important source of cytokine and NO production.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas Dr. Américo Negrette, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Alegria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Nereida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: Luz Marina
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Espina
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Añez
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mosquera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003715:Dengue / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002097:C-Reactive Protein