title: Intensity of resistance exercise determines adipokine and resting energy expenditure responses in overweight elderly individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the time course of leptin, adiponectin, and resting energy expenditure (REE) responses in overweight elderly males after acute resistance exercise protocols of various intensity configurations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty inactive men (65-82 years) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 10/group): control, low-intensity resistance exercise, moderate-intensity resistance exercise, and high-intensity resistance exercise. Exercise energy cost, REE, leptin, adiponectin, cortisol, insulin, lactate, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and glycerol were determined at baseline, immediately after exercise, and during a 72-h recovery period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exercise energy cost was lower in high-intensity than in low-intensity and moderate-intensity groups (221.6 +/- 8.8 vs. 295.6 +/- 10.7 and 281.6 +/- 9.8 kcal, P < 0.001). Lactate, glucose, NEFAs, and glycerol concentrations increased (P < 0.001) after exercise and returned to baseline thereafter in all groups. REE increased (P < 0.001) in all groups at 12 h in an intensity-dependent manner (P < 0.05). REE reached baseline after 48 h in the low- and moderate-intensity groups and after 72 h in the high-intensity group. Cortisol peaked in all active groups after exercise (P < 0.001) and remained elevated (P < 0.001) for 12 h. After adjustment for plasma volume shifts, leptin remained unaltered. Adiponectin concentration increased after 12 h and remained elevated for 24 h only in the high-intensity group (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistance exercise does not alter circulating leptin concentration but does increase REE and adiponectin in an intensity-dependent manner for as long as 48 and 24 h, respectively, in overweight elderly individuals. It appears that resistance exercise may represent an effective approach for weight management and metabolic control in overweight elderly individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece. ifatouro@phyed.duth.gr
authors.forename: Ioannis G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Fatouros
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatzinikolaou
authors.forename: Symeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tournis
authors.forename: Michalis G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nikolaidis
authors.forename: Athanasios Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Jamurtas
authors.forename: Ioannis I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Douroudos
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papassotiriou
authors.forename: Petros M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Thomakos
authors.forename: Kyriakos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taxildaris
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mastorakos
authors.forename: Asimina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitrakou
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin