title: Characterization of hydrogen storage materials by means of pressure concentration isotherms based on the mass flow method.
abstract: The determination of the equilibrium thermodynamic parameters of hydrogen storage materials from quasiequilibrium pressure data using the mass flow pressure concentration isotherm (pcI) method is presented. The method bases on the acquisition of pcI curves at different flow rates using a thermal mass flow controller to determine the amount of ad/desorbed hydrogen. These measurements provide a set of corresponding quasiequilibrium pressure functions from, which the true equilibrium pressure of the hydride is calculated by extrapolation to zero flow. The governing thermodynamic parameters can then be determined to characterize the material by the construction of a van't Hoff plot, extracting enthalpy of reaction DeltaH(r) and entropy of reaction DeltaS(r) from the equilibrium pressure p(eq) as a function of temperature. Naturally, true equilibrium can never be reached and therefore can only be approximated by measurement--a drawback that all experimental techniques share. This complication is alleviated by the flow-pcI approach at different flow rates. The compilation of the p(eq)(T) data from pcI-measurements can be performed by different methods, whereas the so called Sieverts apparatus is most commonly used. In this paper, we elaborate the differences and advantages of the mass flow-pcI over the Sieverts Apparatus and present measurements and results on LaNi(5) as a benchmark. Measurements at different flow rates are presented and equilibrium pressures at zero flow are achieved by extrapolation. The obtained results of DeltaH(d)=32.5 kJ mol(-1) H(2) and DeltaS(d)=115 J K(-1) mol(-1) H(2) (desorption process) perfectly match literature values, emphasizing the excellent quality of the measurements and the performance of this measurement apparatus.
authors.affiliation: EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Hydrogen and Energy, Uberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. michael.bielmann@empa.ch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bielmann
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mauron
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borgschulte
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Züttel