title: The molecular phylogeny of Matthiola R. Br. (Brassicaceae) inferred from ITS sequences, with special emphasis on the Macaronesian endemics.
abstract: Matthiola (Brassicaceae) is a genus that is widespread in the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions and includes two species that are endemic to the archipelagos of Madeira and the Canaries in Macaronesia, which is an insular oceanic hotspot of biodiversity harboring many radiating endemic plant lineages. Sequence analyses of the nuclear ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions in a comprehensive geographical sample of Matthiola, encompassing all the endemic Macaronesian populations known to date, suggest independent Mediterranean and NW African origins of the taxa in Madeira and the Canaries, respectively. These molecular data reveal a complex evolutionary landscape that converges with morphological analyses in the recognition of two new Madeiran species. The data also suggest that the Canarian infra-specific endemic taxa described thus far have high (but non-diagnostic) levels of morphological and genetic diversity, and should be included in the single endemic Matthiola bolleana. In agreement with earlier investigations that revealed a high genetic differentiation between the populations of Matthiola in Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, our phylogeny supports independent founder events from the same mainland congener to either island. The consistently derived position of the Moroccan populations within a mostly Canarian clade suggests a further back-colonization of the continent. Notably, the ITS sequence resolution offered by Matthiola is higher than that found in many of the radiating Canarian endemic lineages for which molecular phylogenetic studies abound. Hence, our research discovers largely unexplored pathways to understand plant diversification in this oceanic insular hotspot through the investigation of non-speciose endemics.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario Viera y Clavijo, Apartado de correos 14 de Tafira Alta, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaén-Molina
authors.forename: Juli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caujapé-Castells
authors.forename: Jorge Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reyes-Betancort
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akhani
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fernández-Palacios
authors.forename: Julia Pérez
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: de Paz
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Febles-Hernández
authors.forename: Aguedo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marrero-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer