title: Risk of adverse clinical outcomes with concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors following percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have suggested that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) attenuate the benefits of clopidogrel. The clinical relevance of this interaction in patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown. We hypothesized that post-PCI patients discharged on clopidogrel will have higher cardiovascular events if concomitant PPI therapy is used.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether post-PCI patients discharged on clopidogrel will have higher cardiovascular events if concomitant PPI therapy is used.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of all the patients discharged on clopidogrel who underwent PCI from January 2003 to August 2004. The primary outcome studied was a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), which was defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 315 post-PCI patients who were discharged on clopidogrel, 72 were discharged on PPI. During a mean follow-up period of 50 months, patients discharged on concomitant clopidogrel-PPI therapy had a MACE rate of 56% (vs. 38% in the clopidogrel alone group) (P = 0.025) and had 95% excess risk of MACE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concomitant use of clopidogrel and PPI in post-PCI patients is associated with a higher risk of MACE. This suggests that PPIs may attenuate clopidogrel's beneficial antiplatelet effect, which is crucial after PCI. Prospective randomized studies are warranted to provide definitive evidence for this interaction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. EGupta@uams.edu
authors.forename: Ekta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Darpan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sotos
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Olden
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D016017:Odds Ratio; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine