title: The decision to intensify therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from an experiment using a clinical case vignette.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lack of medication intensification is a widely recognized but poorly understood barrier to effective diabetes care. We used a video case vignette to assess whether patient or physician demographic variables influence the decision to intensify therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ninety-two US primary care physicians each viewed one case vignette of an actor portraying a patient who had type 2 diabetes and borderline indications for medication intensification. Case vignettes were clinically identical and differed only by patient age (35 or 65 years old); sex; race/ethnicity (white, Hispanic, or black); and socioeconomic status (occupation of lawyer or janitor). After viewing the vignette and indicating their management plans, physicians were also asked to discuss the challenges related to managing such a patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Just over half (53%) of physicians indicated that they would recommend a medication prescription for the vignette patient. Demographic characteristics (of the patient, physician, or practice) did not significantly influence this decision (P > .1 for all comparisons). Compared with physicians who did not recommend a diabetic-related prescription, physicians recommending therapy more often identified patient medication costs (74% vs 43% of physicians who would not increase therapy); medication adherence (63% vs 49%); and subsequent complications (34% vs 22%) as important clinical issues in managing diabetes. Physicians not intensifying therapy more often indicated that they needed more clinical information (16% vs 9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using an experimental design we found that differences in the decision to intensify therapy were not significantly explained by patient, physician, or practice demographic variables. Physicians who intensified therapy were more likely to consider issues such as medication costs, patient adherence, and downstream complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Rgrant@partners.org
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lutfey
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gerstenberger
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Marceau
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McKinlay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003657:Decision Making; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009511:New England; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000193:education; D013663:Teaching; D014743:Videotape Recording