title: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) polymorphisms in Chinese patients with Graves' disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) may play a central role in the development of Graves' disease (GD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of TNF-alpha polymorphisms with GD in Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocyte of 436 GD patients and 316 control subjects. TNF-alpha polymorphisms at positions -308 (G-308A, rs1800629), -238 (G-238A, rs361525), and +419 (G+419A, rs3093661) were genotyped.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of TNF-alpha -238 and +419 allelic frequencies between GD and control individuals was significantly different. Both the G alleles of TNF-alpha -238 (OR 2.385, 95%CI 1.359-4.184) and +419 (OR 2.293, 95%CI 1.303-4.035) SNPs conferred higher risk of GD as compared with A alleles. No significant difference of -308 allelic frequency was observed. Further haplotype analysis revealed that the haplotype GGG was associated with an increased risk of GD (OR 1.554, 95%CI 1.125-2.146), whereas the haplotype GAA was found to be protective (OR 0.419, 95%CI 0.239-0.736).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the association of TNF-alpha gene with GD in Chinese patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center For Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, PR China.
authors.forename: Li-Qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chun-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Min-Jia
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Huai-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Yong-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha