title: Lower urinary tract obstruction secondary to congenital bladder diverticula in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Congenital primary bladder diverticulum is a rare condition and may present with urinary infection; other forms of presentation are rare. We present a series of infants who presented with urinary retention secondary to large primary bladder diverticulum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven infants were evaluated for symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction. All seven were infant boys; three were neonates. Investigations included ultrasonogram, voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) and cystoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six infants had single large diverticulum while one had bilateral diverticula. VCUG was diagnostic in all cases demonstrating the mechanism of obstruction clearly except one where bilateral diverticula was diagnosed only on cystoscopy prior to definitive surgery. Five children (including one neonate) underwent successful definitive repair consisting of diverticulectomy and ureteral re-implant while two neonates were planned for a staged correction. One neonate later in the series underwent definitive primary repair as bladder was good sized. All five children have done well after definitive repair at a follow-up of 6-72 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary bladder diverticulum in infants may present with lower urinary obstructive symptoms indistinguishable from posterior urethral valves. A carefully done VCUG can help in diagnosis. Primary definitive repair can be undertaken even in first few months of life with good results.
authors.affiliation: MGM's New Bombay Hospital, Vashi and MGM University of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai 400703, India. arbinders@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Arbinder Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singal
authors.forename: V V S S
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Chandrasekharam
mesh_terms: D003558:Cystoscopy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D013997:Time Factors; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014567:Urography; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods