title: Ultrastructural examination of failed molar retreatment with secondary apical periodontitis: an examination of endodontic biofilms in an endodontic retreatment failure.
abstract: A light and electron microscope examination of the resected root tip of a failing endodontically re-treated lower molar was examined. The tooth had been initially treated 10 years ago and then re-treated 2 years ago. The resected root tip was sectioned axially, and thin sections were examined through the entire length of the specimen. Thin sections were examined with a transmission electron microscope. The thin sections were randomly chosen along the isthmus areas between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals. Our findings suggest that a complex, variable, multispecies biofilm was present the entire length of the specimen.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Endodontic Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. gary@tdo4endo.com
authors.forename: Gary B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schaudinn
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorur
authors.forename: J William
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Costerton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001047:Apicoectomy; D001419:Bacteria / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018441:Biofilms; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008963:Molar; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D019233:Retreatment; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D012390:Root Canal Therapy; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000382:microbiology; D017211:Treatment Failure