title: XMPP for cloud computing in bioinformatics supporting discovery and invocation of asynchronous web services.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Life sciences make heavily use of the web for both data provision and analysis. However, the increasing amount of available data and the diversity of analysis tools call for machine accessible interfaces in order to be effective. HTTP-based Web service technologies, like the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) and REpresentational State Transfer (REST) services, are today the most common technologies for this in bioinformatics. However, these methods have severe drawbacks, including lack of discoverability, and the inability for services to send status notifications. Several complementary workarounds have been proposed, but the results are ad-hoc solutions of varying quality that can be difficult to use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present a novel approach based on the open standard Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), consisting of an extension (IO Data) to comprise discovery, asynchronous invocation, and definition of data types in the service. That XMPP cloud services are capable of asynchronous communication implies that clients do not have to poll repetitively for status, but the service sends the results back to the client upon completion. Implementations for Bioclipse and Taverna are presented, as are various XMPP cloud services in bio- and cheminformatics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  XMPP with its extensions is a powerful protocol for cloud services that demonstrate several advantages over traditional HTTP-based Web services: 1) services are discoverable without the need of an external registry, 2) asynchronous invocation eliminates the need for ad-hoc solutions like polling, and 3) input and output types defined in the service allows for generation of clients on the fly without the need of an external semantics description. The many advantages over existing technologies make XMPP a highly interesting candidate for next generation online services in bioinformatics.
authors.affiliation: Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany. johannes.wagener@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wagener
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Spjuth
authors.forename: Egon L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Willighagen
authors.forename: Jarl E S
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wikberg
mesh_terms: D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D020407:Internet; D012984:Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface