title: Effect of the additional noradrenergic neurodegeneration to 6-OHDA-lesioned rats in levodopa-induced dyskinesias and in cognitive disturbances.
abstract: Parkinson's disease is a motor and cognitive disorder characterised by a progressive loss of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons as well as of the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons. It has been suggested that LC neurodegeneration might influence levodopa-induced motor disturbances and cognitive performance. We investigated the influence of dopaminergic and noradrenergic lesions on levodopa-induced dyskinesias and on working memory in rats. Two groups of animals were used: (1) rats with a dopaminergic lesion induced by a unilateral administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and (2) rats with a combined lesion of the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems induced by 6-OHDA and N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4), respectively. Dyskinesias were evaluated on days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of chronic levodopa treatment (6 mg/kg, twice at day, i.p.). Working memory was evaluated by a radial-arm maze (1) before lesions, (2) before levodopa administration and (3) after 22 days of levodopa treatment. Total, axial, limb and orofacial dyskinesias not differed significantly between both groups. Working memory tasks worsened in both lesioned groups reaching significance in terms of time of performance (P < 0.05). The number of repeated entries in the same arm (errors) was only significant in the double-lesioned group (P < 0.05). This behaviour was not different from the one observed after chronic levodopa treatment. These results suggest that levodopa-induced dyskinesias in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats were not affected by the additional noradrenergic lesion, whereas this last condition was sufficient to worse the cognitive performance deficit produced by the dopaminergic lesion.
authors.affiliation: Laboratori de Neuropsicofarmacología, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Sta Creu i de Sant Pau, Avgda. St. Antoni M feminine Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbanoj
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulisevsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001596:Benzylamines; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007980:Levodopa; D008125:Locus Coeruleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008474:Medial Forebrain Bundle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016627:Oxidopamine; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001596:Benzylamines; D007980:Levodopa; D016627:Oxidopamine; C012102:DSP 4