title: Rejuvenation of antioxidant and cholinergic systems contributes to the effect of procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod ameliorating memory impairment in cognitively impaired aged rats.
abstract: The major purpose of this study was to determine the effect of procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod (LSPC) on the learning and memory impairments in cognitively impaired aged rats. Based on Morris water maze performance compared with young female rats, aged unimpaired (AU) and aged impaired (AI) rats were chosen from aged female rats. LSPC supplementation (50, 100 mg/kg BW, p.o.) for 7 weeks significantly improved learning and memory impairments in AI animals in the Morris water maze test, as evaluated by shortened escape latency and swimming distance. Aged rats had significantly declined antioxidant defense capacities and significantly increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation levels in hippocampus and cerebral cortex than young rats. Further, AI group had higher protein oxidation level compared with AU group. LSPC (50, 100 mg/kg BW, p.o.) significantly reversed the decline of antioxidant defense capacities and significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation levels in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of AI rats. In addition, LSPC significantly restored acetylcholine (ACh) contents and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of AI animals. The results of this study suggest that LSPC may play a useful role in the treatment of cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer's disease and aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiqu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Bijun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hailei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xiping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yunjian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Liegang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000070116:Lotus; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012060:Rejuvenation; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D005978:Glutathione; D000109:Acetylcholine