title: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy for retrocaval ureter: report of 7 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our techniques and experience with retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy (LUUS) for retrocaval ureter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2004 and September 2008, 7 male patients underwent retroperitoneal LUUS. A 3-port, balloon-dissecting, retroperitoneal approach was used. Follow-up studies were performed with intravenous urography and renal ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All operations were completed laparoscopically, and no open conversions were required. The mean operating time was 128.6 minutes (range 97-189) and the mean anastomosis time was 36 minutes, for all cases. The mean blood loss was 20 mL (range 15-50). None of the patients required blood transfusion. No intraoperative complications occurred. Hydronephrosis in all patients was decreased substantially after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results have demonstrated that retroperitoneal LUUS is an excellent minimally invasive treatment option for a retrocaval ureter that can be accomplished reasonably quickly and safely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dan-Feng
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ya-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Ji-Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Yu-Shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Che
authors.forename: Xin-Gang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D014519:Ureterostomy / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult