Vaccines for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a renewed anticancer strategy.
Carcinoma of the lung is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constituting about 85% of all new diagnoses. Standard approaches for each NSCLC stage have reached a plateau in effectiveness. A variety of novel approaches are now being investigated to improve the outcome of this disease. Despite decades of research, no specific active cancer vaccine has, to date, been approved for NSCLC therapy; nevertheless, vaccine therapy has recently re-emerged as a potential therapeutic approach. In particular, several new paradigms have stemmed from recent clinical findings both in the use of combination therapy approaches with more sophisticated specific vaccines and in clinical trial design and endpoint analyses. Several vaccine therapies have been investigated in NSCLC, including in the early and advanced disease stages. The best results appear to be in the adjuvant settings and in locally advanced NSCLC. In fact, in these two settings, phase III randomized trials are ongoing evaluating the melanoma-associated antigen A3 vaccine and the liposomal BLP25 vaccine. This paper reviews the main clinical trials involving several different cancer vaccines employed in the treatment of early and advanced stage NSCLC, focusing on those in advanced stages of development.
Gridelli
Cesare
C
Division of Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy. cgridelli@libero.it
Rossi
Antonio
A
Maione
Paolo
P
Ferrara
Marianna Luciana
ML
Castaldo
Vincenzo
V
Sacco
Paola Claudia
PC
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines