title: Bond strength of a sealant to permanent enamel: evaluation of 3 application protocols.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare sealant-enamel bond strengths of 3 application protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty extracted third molars were randomly distributed into 3 groups according to the sealant's application protocol. The enamel was conditioned with: phosphoric acid in group 1; phosphoric acid and a single-bottle dentin bonding agent in group 2; and a self-etching adhesive in group 3. The specimens were thermocycled and tested in a shear mode at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/minute until fracture. Groups were compared using Kruskall-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was observed between groups 2 and 3 (P=.96), but both groups showed significantly higher bond strength than group 1. Group 3 appeared to be the most reproducible application protocol as shown by its coefficient of variation (27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-etch adhesives are potentially attractive because of the easier clinical protocol required, provided that they have similar bond strengths compared to other products. The bond strength tests used in this study suggest that self-etch adhesives are equivalent to those using a separate bonding agent. Long-term clinical trials should be performed to assess performance of self-etch adhesives before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. measselin@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Marie-Eve
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Asselin
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sitbon
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fortin
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abelardo
authors.forename: Pierre H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rompre
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C500418:Clinpro Sealant; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; C408584:Prompt L-Pop; D019279:Resin Cements; C511238:Single Bond Plus; D014867:Water; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C030242:phosphoric acid