title: Feasibility study of noninvasive ventilation with helium-oxygen gas flow for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individually, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and helium-oxygen gas mixtures (heliox) diminish ventilatory workload and improve exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NIV in combination with heliox may have additive effects on exercise tolerance in severe COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of heliox and NIV during exercise in patients with severe COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulmonary rehabilitation facility in an academic tertiary-care medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with severe COPD were enrolled. Using a sequential randomized placebo-controlled crossover study design, the patients performed 4 separate constant-work stationary bicycle cardiopulmonary exercise studies at 80% of maximal workload during application of sham NIV, NIV, 60:40 heliox with sham NIV, and 60:40 heliox with NIV. Tolerability, safety, and exercise duration as determined by constant-work cardiopulmonary exercise test were the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures at peak exercise and iso-time included rate of perceived exertion, dyspnea, leg pain, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, tympanic temperature, and oxyhemoglobin saturation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No adverse effects occurred during or after application of NIV, heliox, or NIV with heliox. Exercise duration using heliox with NIV was significantly longer than both heliox (P = .01) and NIV (P = .007), but not placebo (P = .09). Relative to placebo, all treatment arms permitted lower respiratory rates at peak exercise. Heliox, with or without NIV, was associated with significant improvements in oxyhemoglobin saturation at peak exercise, relative to placebo or NIV alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adjunctive use of NIV with heliox during exercise proved both safe and tolerable in patients with severe COPD. The lack of demonstrable efficacy to any of the treatment arms relative to placebo (P = .09) may be the result of the small sample size (ie, type 2 error)-a conclusion emphasized by the large standard deviations and differences in treatment group variances in exercise duration alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Germany, CMR 402, Box 307, APO AE 09180. patrick.allan@amedd.army.mil
authors.forename: Patrick F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Kimbreca V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Naworol
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000368:Aged; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005740:Gases / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006371:Helium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D006371:Helium; C038949:heliox; D010100:Oxygen