title: Perception of vulnerability among mothers of healthy infants in a middle-income country.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although four decades have passed since the concept of 'vulnerable children' has been introduced into paediatric literature, research on vulnerability is limited to high-income, Western countries. To adapt and adopt practices that have been advised for paediatricians to prevent 'the vulnerable child syndrome', information is needed also on the prevalence and correlates of perceived vulnerability in children in low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate and correlates of the perception of vulnerability among healthy young children in a healthy population of children in Ankara, Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional observational study, participants comprised of a 'prescriptive sample' of healthy, thriving children with no known health risk for vulnerability. Maternal perception of child vulnerability was assessed using the Child Vulnerability Scale (CVS). Potential risks factors for vulnerability including history of threatened abortion during pregnancy, child gender, birth order, maternal and paternal age and education were collected using a structured questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 519 children - 264 boys (50.9%) and 255 girls (49.1%) - comprised the sample. The internal consistency of the CVS was 0.71. Item-total scale correlations were 0.30 or above for all of the eight items. The median CVS score of the sample was 2.0 and 30 mothers (5.8%) were found to perceive their children as vulnerable. None of the socio-demographic variables that were investigated were found to be associated with high vulnerability scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to examine maternal perceived vulnerability of healthy children in a middle-income country. The findings imply that a high proportion of healthy children are perceived as vulnerable by their mothers and that previously studied socio-demographic factors do not explain perceived vulnerability. The results of this study may provide a comparison point for studies on childhood vulnerability in LAMI countries.
authors.affiliation: Fatih University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey. deryagumusdogan@gmail.com
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Ertem
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karaaslan
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Forsyth
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014421:Turkey