title: Effects of a physiotherapy and occupational therapy intervention on mobility and activity in care home residents: a cluster randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical effectiveness of a programme of physiotherapy and occupational therapy with standard care in care home residents who have mobility limitations and are dependent in performing activities of daily living.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster randomised controlled trial, with random allocation at the level of care home.
  
  
  METHODS
  Care homes within the NHS South Birmingham primary care trust and the NHS Birmingham East and North primary care trust that had more than five beds and provided for people in the care categories "physical disability" and "older people."
  
  
  METHODS
  Care home residents with mobility limitations, limitations in activities of daily living (as screened by the Barthel index), and not receiving end of life care were eligible to take part in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A targeted three month occupational therapy and physiotherapy programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scores on the Barthel index and the Rivermead mobility index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  24 of 77 nursing and residential homes that catered for residents with mobility limitations and dependency for activities of daily living were selected for study: 12 were randomly allocated to the intervention arm (128 residents, mean age 86 years) and 12 to the control arm (121 residents, mean age 84 years). Participants were evaluated by independent assessors blind to study arm allocation before randomisation (0 months), three months after randomisation (at the end of the treatment period for patients who received the intervention), and again at six months after randomisation. After adjusting for home effect and baseline characteristics, no significant differences were found in mean Barthel index scores at six months post-randomisation between treatment arms (mean effect 0.08, 95% confidence interval -1.14 to 1.30; P=0.90), across assessments (-0.01, -0.63 to 0.60; P=0.96), or in the interaction between assessment and intervention (0.42, -0.48 to 1.32; P=0.36). Similarly, no significant differences were found in the mean Rivermead mobility index scores between treatment arms (0.62, -0.51 to 1.76; P=0.28), across assessments (-0.15, -0.65 to 0.35; P=0.55), or interaction (0.71, -0.02 to 1.44; P=0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three month occupational therapy and physiotherapy programme had no significant effect on mobility and independence. On the other hand, the variation in residents' functional ability, the prevalence of cognitive impairment, and the prevalence of depression were considerably higher in this sample than expected on the basis of previous work. Further research to clarify the efficacy of occupational therapy and physiotherapy is required if access to therapy services is to be recommended in this population.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN79859980.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Population Sciences, Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sackley
authors.forename: Maayken E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lett
authors.forename: Smitaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hollands
authors.forename: Christine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hoppitt
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009735:Nursing Homes; D009788:Occupational Therapy; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016896:Treatment Outcome