Comparing the chemical biology of NO and HNO.
For the past couple of decades nitric oxide (NO) and nitroxyl (HNO) have been extensively studied due to the important role they play in many physiological and/or pharmacological processes. Many researchers have reported important signaling pathways as well as mechanisms of action of these species, showing direct and indirect effects depending on the environment. Both NO and HNO can react with, among others, metals, proteins, thiols and heme proteins via unique and distinct chemistry leading to improvement of some clinical conditions. Understanding the basic chemistry of NO and HNO and distinguishing their mechanisms of action as well as methods of detection are crucial for understanding the current and potential clinical applications. In this review, we summarize some of the most important findings regarding NO and HNO chemistry, revealing some of the possible mechanisms of their beneficial actions.
Flores-Santana
Wilmarie
W
Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Switzer
Christopher
C
Ridnour
Lisa A
LA
Basudhar
Debashree
D
Mancardi
Daniele
D
Donzelli
Sonia
S
Thomas
Douglas D
DD
Miranda
Katrina M
KM
Fukuto
Jon M
JM
Wink
David A
DA
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C039900:nitroxyl