title: Assessment of the sequential simulated gastrointestinal tolerance of lactic acid bacteria from kefir grains by response surface methodology.
abstract: The tolerance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from kefir grains to gastrointestinal tract conditions was evaluated in vitro. The effects of pH values and bile salts on the viability of LAB were investigated. The results demonstrated that pH value showed a significant effect on the viability. The viable counts exhibited a reduction of 1.5 to 2 log cycles in 0.3% to 0.5% bile salts after 4 h. The viability of LAB exposure to sequential simulated gastric and intestinal juices was assessed by response surface model (RSM). RSM indicated that the gastric pH and gastric contact time significantly affected the viability (P < 0.05), while the effect of intestinal contact time was not significant. Moreover, RSM revealed the interactions of pH and gastric contact time, and of pH and intestinal contact time. The LAB cells, temporarily damaged by the low pH of gastric juice (pH < 2), could recover in the intestinal juice; and the longer the intestinal contact time, the higher the viability of LAB. RSM proved to be a useful and accurate method to predict the viability of LAB under certain laboratory conditions by the model validation. This study indicated that LAB from kefir grains exhibited excellent tolerance to sequential simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, and that kefiran possessed a significant protective effect on LAB in hostile environments.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Bao-Ping
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ya-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003198:Computer Simulation; D043302:Cultured Milk Products / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D004063:Digestion; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007419:Intestinal Secretions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D056546:Lactobacillales / Q000254:growth & development*; D017045:Lactococcus / Q000254:growth & development*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D008892:Milk; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D019936:Probiotics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D011134:Polysaccharides; C050180:kefir grain polysaccharide