title: In vitro and in vivo comparisons of staphylococcal biofilm formation on a cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymer coating.
abstract: Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coatings are known to reduce microbial adhesion in terms of numbers and binding strength. However, bacterial adhesion remains of the order of 10(4)cm(-2). It is unknown whether this density of bacteria will eventually grow into a biofilm. This study investigates the kinetics of staphylococcal biofilm formation on a commercially produced, robust, cross-linked PEG-based polymer coating (OptiChem) in vitro and in vivo. OptiChem inhibits biofilm formation in vitro, and although adsorption of plasma proteins encourages biofilm formation, microbial growth kinetics are still strongly delayed compared to uncoated glass. In vivo, OptiChem-coated and bare silicone rubber samples were inserted into an infected murine subcutaneous pocket model. In contrast to bare silicone rubber, OptiChem samples did not become colonized upon reimplantation despite the fact that surrounding tissues were always culture-positive. We conclude that the commercial OptiChem coating considerably slows down bacterial biofilm formation both in vitro and in vivo, making it an attractive candidate for biomaterials implant coating.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Isabel C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Saldarriaga Fernández
authors.forename: Henny C van der
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: Anton F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Engelsman
authors.forename: M Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nejadnik
authors.forename: Henk J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Busscher
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000166:cytology; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols