title: Diversity, epidemiology, and genetics of class D beta-lactamases.
abstract: Class D beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to beta-lactams has been increasingly reported during the last decade. Those enzymes also known as oxacillinases or OXAs are widely distributed among Gram negatives. Genes encoding class D beta-lactamases are known to be intrinsic in many Gram-negative rods, including Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but play a minor role in natural resistance phenotypes. The OXAs (ca. 150 variants reported so far) are characterized by an important genetic diversity and a great heterogeneity in terms of beta-lactam hydrolysis spectrum. The acquired OXAs possess either a narrow spectrum or an expanded spectrum of hydrolysis, including carbapenems in several instances. Acquired class D beta-lactamase genes are mostly associated to class 1 integron or to insertion sequences.
authors.affiliation: Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poirel
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naas
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nordmann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001618:beta-Lactamases