title: Assessment of cardiac troponin I and C-reactive protein concentrations associated with anesthetic protocols using sevoflurane or a combination of fentanyl, midazolam, and sevoflurane in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in dogs anesthetized for elective surgery using two anesthetic protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty client-owned dogs presenting for elective ovariohysterectomy or castration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dogs were randomized into two groups. All dogs were premedicated with glycopyrrolate (0.011 mg kg(-1)) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg(-1)) i.m. approximately 30 minutes prior to induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia in dogs in group 1 was induced with propofol (6 mg kg(-1)) i.v. to effect and in dogs in group 2 with diazepam (0.2 mg kg(-1)) i.v. followed by etomidate (2 mg kg(-1)) i.v. to effect. For maintenance of anesthesia, group 1 received sevoflurane (adjustable vaporizer setting 0.5-4%) and group 2 received a combination of fentanyl (0.8 microg kg(-1) minute(-1)) and midazolam (8.0 microg kg(-1) minute(-1)) i.v. plus sevoflurane (adjustable vaporizer setting 0.5-4%) to maintain anesthesia. Serum cTnI and CRP concentrations were measured at baseline and 6, 18, and 24 hours post-anesthetic induction. Biochemical analysis was performed at baseline. Lactate was obtained at baseline and 6 hours post-anesthetic induction. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were measured intra-operatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline serum cTnI and CRP concentrations were comparable between groups. A significant difference in serum cTnI or CRP concentrations was not detected post-operatively between groups at any time point. Serum CRP concentrations were significantly increased post-anesthetic induction in both groups, which was attributed to surgical trauma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant difference in serum cTnI and CRP concentrations between anesthetic protocols. Further investigation in a larger number of dogs is necessary to confirm the current findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA. asaunders@cvm.tamu.edu
authors.forename: Ashley B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hanzlicek
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stickney
authors.forename: Jörg M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Jan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suchodolski
authors.forename: Geoffery T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Fosgate
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D005045:Etomidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D019210:Troponin I; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl; D005045:Etomidate