title: CSF flow dynamics at the craniovertebral junction studied with an idealized model of the subarachnoid space and computational flow analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  How CSF flow varies with the anatomy of the subarachnoid space has not been sufficiently well studied. The goal of this study was to develop an idealized 3D computational model of the subarachnoid space and then to use this model to study the detailed spatiotemporal effects of anatomic variations on CSF pressures and velocities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created a geometric model with a computer-assisted design program. The model contained a central structure for the brain and spinal cord axis and a second surrounding structure for the peripheral borders of the subarachnoid space. Model dimensions were adjusted to capture the main characteristics of the normal human posterior fossa and cervical spinal anatomy. CSF flow was modeled as water with a sinusoidal flow pattern in time. Velocities and pressures during craniocaudal and caudocranial flow were calculated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Simulated flow was compared with published phase-contrast MR imaging measurements of CSF flow in healthy human subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model contained geometric characteristics of the posterior fossa and spinal canal. Flow velocities varied with the time in the cycle and location in space. Flow velocities had spatial variations that resembled those in healthy human subjects. Reynolds numbers were moderate, showing a laminar flow regime. Pressure varied uniformly along the long axis of the model during craniocaudal and caudocranial flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an idealized geometric approximation of the human subarachnoid space, CSF velocities and pressures can be studied in spatiotemporal detail with mathematic models.
authors.affiliation: Telemark University College, Porsgrunn, Norway. sveinlin@simula.no
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Linge
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haughton
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Løvgren
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mardal
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Langtangen
mesh_terms: D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D001270:Cervical Atlas; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D013346:Subarachnoid Space