title: Limited overwater dispersal and genetic differentiation of the snake-eyed skink (Cryptoblepharus nigropunctatus) in the Oceanic Ogasawara Islands, Japan.
abstract: The genetic differentiation and speciation of lizards on oceanic islands may be affected by their rate of overwater dispersal. Cryptoblepharus is one of the most geographically widespread scincid lizards throughout the Indo-Pacific and Australian regions. Cryptoblepharus nigropunctatus is the northernmost species of the genus, dwelling on several small Pacific islands. To examine the colonization history of this lizard, mitochondrial 16S rDNA and D-loop sequences were compared among populations of the Ogasawara Islands consisting of four island groups (the Muko-jima, Chichi-jima, Haha-jima, and Kazan groups), and an isolated island, Minamitori-shima (Marcus Island). These four groups and Minamitori-shima have not been connected to each other because each is surrounded by deep sea (>100 m). DNA analyses showed that the lizard populations on individual islands had each representative haplotypes. The ancestors of C. nigropunctatus probably arrived on the islands from the southern Pacific Ocean via wave dispersal and differentiated to produce the present state. They appear to have dispersed from their origin along two independent pathways: one between Kitaiwo-to (Kazan group) and the Muko-jima and Chichi-jima groups, and the other among the Minamitori-shima, Minamiiwo-to (Kazan group), and Haha-jima groups. Limited long-distance overwater dispersal may be responsible for the genetic structure of the C. nigropunctatus populations on these oceanic islands. However, among the small islands within the same island group, D-loop haplotypes were shared and the local genetic diversity was usually high, suggesting frequent gene flow across the same group of islands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. fhayashi@tmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Akina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horikoshi
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Ryoko D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aotsuka
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003710:Demography; D014644:Genetic Variation; D007564:Japan; D008116:Lizards / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*