title: Sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While studies have shown sleep disorders to be common in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), pediatric data are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the prevalence of sleep disorders among children and adolescents with non-dialysis-dependent CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary pediatric nephrology center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 6 to 18 years with non-dialysis-dependent CKD. Those with renal transplants were also considered to have CKD and were included, provided it was at least 3 months after the transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  A validated pediatric sleep questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four domains of sleep disturbance were assessed: sleep-disordered breathing, restless leg syndrome/paroxysmal leg movement (RLS/PLM), insomnia, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Positive responses to any of these signified the presence of a sleep disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 49 non-dialysis-dependent children (30 with non-renal transplant CKD and 19 with post-renal transplant CKD; median age, 14 years; interquartile range, 6-18 years) were administered the pediatric sleep questionnaire; 71% (n = 35) of the patients were male; 37% (n = 18) were identified as having a sleep disorder; 40% (n = 12) were in the nontransplant CKD group and 32% (n = 6) in the transplant CKD group. The most common type of sleep disorder was RLS/PLM, affecting 27% (n = 8) in the nontransplant CKD group and 32% (n = 6) in the transplant CKD group. There was no correlation between stage of CKD and prevalence of sleep problems (P = .22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disordered sleep was identified in more than one-third of our study population, and the most common type was RLS/PLM. Pediatricians should be aware of the relatively high incidence of sleep disorder among children and adolescents with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Nephrology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. rajivsinha_in@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Ira D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda-Abedini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires