title: Effects of the characteristics of teaching on the outcomes of heart failure patient education interventions: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited research has examined the specific approach, mode of delivery, and dose of educational interventions. Yet such knowledge is essential to develop effective heart failure educational interventions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The intent of this systematic review was to determine what approach, mode, and dose is most effective in producing changes in heart failure patient education. The sample included 69 studies involving 1865 study participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicate the most effective means for delivery heart failure patient education is through the individualization of content, the use of combined mediums for delivery, provision of education on a one-on-one basis, and in multiple sessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight the need to redesign current heart failure patient education initiatives to enhance patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Daphne Cockwell, School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3. sfrederi@ryerson.ca
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fredericks
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beanlands
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spalding
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Da Silva
mesh_terms: D006333:Heart Failure / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*