title: Hypoxia-induced hyperreactivity of pulmonary arteries: role of cyclooxygenase-2, isoprostanes, and thromboxane receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the role of the cyclooxygenase (COX)/prostanoid pathway in chronic hypoxia-induced hyperreactivity of pulmonary arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulmonary arteries were removed from normoxic or hypoxic (0.5 atm for 21 days) mice and studied for protein expression/localization of COX-1, COX-2, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-synthase, release of TXA2, prostacyclin (PGI2) and the isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha), and vasomotor responses. COX-2 expression was increased in all layers of pulmonary arteries from hypoxic mice. In contrast, COX-1 expression was not significantly modified following chronic hypoxia, whereas TXA2-synthase was decreased. Chronic hypoxia differentially affected prostanoid release from pulmonary arteries: TXA2 secretion was not significantly modified; PGI2 secretion was decreased, whereas 8-iso-PGF2alpha secretion was increased. A selective COX-2 inhibitor decreased 8-iso-PGF2alpha release. Arachidonic acid elicited an endothelium- and COX-1-dependent relaxation in pulmonary arteries from normoxic mice. In contrast, arachidonic acid induced an endothelium-independent contraction in pulmonary arteries from hypoxic mice that was partially reduced by catalase, COX-1, COX-2, or TXA2-synthase inhibitors and was totally abolished by blockade of the thromboxane (TP) receptor. Hyperresponsiveness to phenylephrine (PE) of pulmonary arteries from hypoxic mice was also decreased by COX-2 inhibitors, TP receptor antagonists or catalase, but not by TXA2-synthase inhibitors. Finally, 8-iso-PGF2alpha induced a TP receptor-dependent contraction in pulmonary arteries and markedly potentiated the contractile response to PE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic hypoxia up-regulates COX-2 expression, increases 8-iso-PGF2alpha release, and shifts arachidonic acid-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation to an endothelium-independent and TP receptor-dependent contraction in pulmonary arteries. COX-2-dependent production of 8-iso-PGF2alpha, by activating TP receptors, participates in hypoxia-induced hyperreactivity of pulmonary arteries.
authors.affiliation: Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux F-33076, France.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delannoy
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Courtois
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Freund-Michel
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leblais
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marthan
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000502:physiology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017482:Receptors, Thromboxane / Q000502:physiology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D028421:Isoprostanes; D017482:Receptors, Thromboxane; D010656:Phenylephrine; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D015237:Dinoprost; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2