Glomerular filtration rate measurement and prediction equations.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the presence of kidney damage or a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) for three or more months. Measurement of serum creatinine is the most commonly used method to evaluated kidney function, but it must be included in formulas to estimate GFR, adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity, such as the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation. The performance of this equation is acceptable for patients with CKD but appears to under-estimate GFR in populations with unknown kidney status. A new formula has been developed recently. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation appears to perform better than the MDRD equation. Cystatin C has been widely evaluated as a marker for GFR and seems to be more sensitive than creatinine. The aim of this review is to discuss the recommendations for detecting CKD, emphasizing the characteristics and limitations of GFR estimating equations and pitfalls in the evaluation of urinary albumin excretion.
Soares
Ariana Aguiar
AA
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
Eyff
Tatiana Falcão
TF
Campani
Raquel Barth
RB
Ritter
Luciana
L
Camargo
Joíza Lins
JL
Silveiro
Sandra Pinho
SP
D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D000465:Algorithms; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
D055316:Cystatin C; D003404:Creatinine