title: Lycopene intake by Canadian women is variable, similar among different ages, but greater than that reported for women in other countries.
abstract: Lycopene is an antioxidant associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases common in women such as osteoporosis and cancer; however, no official recommendation for lycopene consumption exists, and intake data from Canadian women are limited. This study was designed to generate information about average lycopene intake in Canadian women of different ages. A cross-sectional study was conducted at St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. One hundred one women, between the ages of 25 and 70 years, who were not on any medications, were recruited to record their diet for 7 days. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the types of lycopene-containing foods consumed, associations between intake of lycopene and macro/micronutrients, and whether participant characteristics, such as body mass index, could predict lycopene intake. Average lycopene intake was 6.14 +/- 5.35 mg/day, which is higher than reported in other countries. Intake was similar among age groups but was highly variable. Raw tomatoes were the most frequently consumed source of lycopene, while participants with the highest lycopene intake consumed more cooked/processed tomato products than those with lower intake (P < .005). Participants 25-49 years old consumed more dried/powdered tomatoes (P < .05), pizza (P < .002), and ketchup (P < .10) than 50-70 year olds. Lycopene intake could not be predicted by any participant characteristics. In older participants, lycopene intake was positively correlated with intake of calcium, niacin, and vitamins A, D, and K (P < or = .05). These findings are significant to women's health and may contribute to the establishment of nutritional and health recommendations regarding consumption of lycopene by Canadian women to prevent chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Calcium Research Laboratory, St. Michael's Hospital, Canada.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Mackinnon
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002170:Canada; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum; D008875:Middle Aged; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014815:Vitamins; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene