title: Screening analysis of volatile organic contaminants in commercial inorganic coagulants used for drinking water treatment.
abstract: A method for quality screening is suggested to detect volatile impurities in inorganic coagulants that are used for drinking water treatment. Static headspace gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (HS-GCMS) is sensitive and selective to detect volatiles in low concentrations. This study has discovered that volatile organic impurities are detectable in ferric and aluminium-based coagulants which are used for drinking water treatment. For ferric chloride, 2-propanol was detected at a level of 17-24 microg ml(-1), acetone at 0.7-1.7 microg ml(-1), 1,1,1-trichloroacetone at 0.02-0.04 microg ml(-1), trichloromethane at 0.01-0.02 microg ml(-1) and toluene at 0.01-0.12 microg ml(-1). For ferric chloride sulfate, acetone was detected at a level of 0.12 microg ml(-1), 1,1,1-trichloroacetone at 0.06-0.08 microg ml(-1), trichloromethane at 0.13-0.23 microg ml(-1), bromodichloromethane at 0.04-0.06 microg ml(-1) and dibromochloromethane at 0.04-0.05 microg ml(-1). For aluminium hydroxide chloride, only trichloromethane was detectable, but below the method detection limits (MDL). Although the concentrations of these impurities in commercial coagulants are low, this observation is important and should have impact on water industries for them to pay attention to the chemicals they are using for drinking water production.
authors.affiliation: Zweckverband Bodensee-Wasserversorgung, Betriebs- und Forschungslabor, D-88662 Uberlingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petri
authors.forename: Jia-Qian
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D012015:Reference Standards; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds