title: Development of neurotransmitter phenotypes in sympathetic neurons.
abstract: This review summarizes the current understanding of neurotransmitter phenotype specification of postganglionic sympathetic neurons, focusing, in particular, on the cellular processes of induction versus trans-differentiation. The emerging evidence is discussed that the noradrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter phenotypes are co-induced during early development and that the mature phenotypes develop by positive and negative selection of cellular properties in initially bimodal neurons, depending on extracellular signals during migration and after target contact.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Neuroscience, Innsbruck Medical University, MZA, Austria. galina.apostolova@i-med.ac.at
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Apostolova
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dechant
mesh_terms: D000320:Adrenergic Fibers / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants; D008959:Models, Neurological; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; C494999:Ret protein, mouse