title: Inhibitory effects of Geijigajakyak-Tang on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Water extract of Geijigajakyak-Tang (GJT) consisting of five crude drugs [dried root of P. lactiflora Peony (Paeoniaceae), dried trunk bark of C. cassia Blume (Lauraceae), seed of Z. jujube var. inermis Mill (Rhamnaceae), fresh root of Z. officinale Rocoe (Zingiberaceae) and dried trunk bark of G. uralensis Fish (Leguminosae)] is a folk medicine used for the treatment of chronic colitis. This study was designed to further elucidate the effect of GJT on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  GJT orally given to mice before and after TNBS intoxication, and their clinical and morphological changes, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in colon tissues, were evaluated on Day 8 post-TNBS. Furthermore, the effect of six major constituents of individual herbs on ileum smooth muscle contraction and neutrophil chemotaxis was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GJT had a significant anti-inflammatory effect based on clinical and morphologic changes, MPO activity and MDA levels in colon tissues as compared with sham control. GJT and 5 major active constituents of individual herbs, paeoniflorin, cinnamaldehyde, jujuboside A, jujubogenin, and diammonium glycyrhhizinate significantly inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis. GJT significantly inhibited muscle contraction (IC(50); 2.10 +/- 0.11 mg/ml), and 1,8-cineol has the most spasmolytic activity (IC(50); 0.10 +/- 0.03 mg/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GJT has significant anti-inflammatory effects on TNBS-induced colitis via inhibitions of smooth muscle contraction and neutrophil chemotaxis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-Ku, Seoul 156-756, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyo Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Byoung Eon
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyo Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Sang Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Chang Jong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077591:Eucalyptol; D005260:Female; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D023421:Models, Animal; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006027:Glycosides
chemical_list: D000171:Acrolein; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001565:Benzoates; D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D000077591:Eucalyptol; D005960:Glucosides; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D009195:Peroxidase; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D014315:Triterpenes; C400159:jujubogenin; C015423:peoniflorin; D006027:Glycosides; C087808:jujuboside A; C012843:cinnamaldehyde