title: Biomechanical comparison of a new staple technique with tension band wiring for transverse patella fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The tension band wiring technique is the most common method of transverse patella fracture fixation. Since post-operative instabilities have been reported for this technique, alternative osteosynthesis solutions are of interest. We investigated the biomechanical behaviour of a new staple technique for treatment of transverse patella fractures in a cadaveric model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight human cadaveric knees with femur and tibia including soft tissue were used. A transverse osteotomy of the patella was created. Each specimen was fixed consecutively with tension band wiring and two Nitinol compression staples. Testing was performed by pull on the quadriceps tendon between a 90 degrees flexed position and full knee extension for up to 5,000 cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1,000 cycles, fracture site displacements in flexion and extension were significantly smaller for the staple group at the ventral aspect of the patella as compared to the tension band wiring group. With a failure criterion of 2mm fracture site displacement, cycles until failure were significantly smaller for the staple group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence based on a cadaveric model that compression staples have a promising potential to treat transverse patella fractures.
authors.affiliation: AO Research Institute, Clavadelerstrasse 8, CH-7270 Davos, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwieger
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Windolf
authors.forename: Bas van der
authors.initials: Bv
authors.lastname: Pol
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Braunstein
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Appelt
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001858:Bone Nails; D002102:Cadaver; D004867:Equipment Design; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000601:surgery; D008422:Materials Testing; D010027:Osteotomy; D010329:Patella / Q000601:surgery*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D017792:Surgical Stapling / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013718:Tensile Strength; D016474:Weight-Bearing