title: Innovation of novel sustained release compression-coated tablets for lornoxicam: formulation and in vitro investigations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to modify the release characteristics of lornoxicam, a highly potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, by preparing compression-coated tablets (CCTs) that provide complete drug release that starts in the stomach to rapidly alleviate the painful symptoms and continues in the intestine to maintain prolonged analgesic effect as well as meets the reported sustained release specifications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each of the prepared CCTs was composed of a sustained release tablet core and an immediate release coat layer. Amorphous, well-characterized, freeze-dried solid dispersion of lornoxicam with polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 was employed in the coat layer to attain an initial rapid dissolution of lornoxicam in the stomach, assuring rapid onset of analgesic effect. Compritol ATO 888, a lipophilic matrix-forming material, was included in the core tablets to sustain lornoxicam release. Lactose was also incorporated into these core tablets to ensure complete release of lornoxicam in a time period comparable to the gastrointestinal residence time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the prepared CCTs showed acceptable physical properties that complied with compendial requirements. On the basis of in vitro drug release studies, performed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids in sequence to mimic the gastrointestinal transit, CCTs belonging to formulations F3 CCTs and F4 CCTs were able to show the desired release profile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the possibility of modulating lornoxicam release using CCTs to meet the reported sustained release specifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Yassin El-Said
authors.initials: Yel-S
authors.lastname: Hamza
authors.forename: Mona Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Aburahma
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013535:Suspensions; D013607:Tablets; D013997:Time Factors; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005079:Excipients; D005227:Fatty Acids; D013535:Suspensions; D013607:Tablets; D010894:Piroxicam; C086409:glyceryl behenate; C059451:lornoxicam; D011205:Povidone; D007785:Lactose