title: Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase catalytic subunit alpha gene amplification contributes to the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The genetic change in phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) in MCL has not been identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five primary MCL cases and 2 MCL cell lines (GRANTA-519 and Rec-1) were used to investigate somatic mutation and gene copy number of PIK3CA. Gene copy number was determined using quantitative real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. We used quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR to measure PIK3CA transcription levels. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and phoshorylated AKT protein levels were analyzed using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis after treatment of MCL cell lines and one control cell line with LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3KCA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen of 22 (68%) MCL cases and the MCL cell lines harbored a gain (> or =3) of PIK3CA gene copy number. In addition, cases with increased PIK3CA gene copy number had elevated PIK3CA mRNA levels. Furthermore, amplification of PIK3CA correlated with the status of AKT phosphorylation in 7 of 12 (58%) primary MCL cases. Inhibition of PIK3CA induced increased apoptosis in the MCL cell lines. PTEN protein expression was present in all 14 primary MCL cases and cell lines by Western blotting, whereas 5 of 33 (15%) cases tested by immunohistochemistry had loss of PTEN expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that a gain of gene copy number of PIK3CA is frequent genetic alteration that contributes to MCL progression. PIK3CA is a promising therapeutic target in MCL.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Propaedeutic, University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Haidari, Athens, Greece. diamando.psyrri@yale.edu
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Psyrri
authors.forename: Sotirios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: Elisavet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liakata
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scorilas
authors.forename: Dimitra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rontogianni
authors.forename: Christos K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kontos
authors.forename: Pinelopi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Argyriou
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pectasides
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harhalakis
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pappa
authors.forename: Aggeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolialexi
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Economopoulou
authors.forename: Frida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kontsioti
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maratou
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dimitriadis
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Economopoulou
authors.forename: Theofanis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Economopoulos
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D020522:Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D009025:Morpholines; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases