title: Guided bone regeneration using rhGDF-5- and rhBMP-2-coated natural bone mineral in rat calvarial defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of either recombinant human growth and differentiation factor 5 (rhGDF-5)- or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2)-coated natural bone mineral (NBM) on guided bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two monocortical critical-size calvarial defects (diameter 6 mm, depth 1.5 mm) were prepared in a total of 90 rats each (n=180 defects) and randomly allocated to the following groups: (1) NBM+collagen membrane (BG), (2) rhBMP-2+NBM+BG, (3) rhGDF-5+NBM+BG, (4) autogenous bone (AB)+BG, or (5) untreated control (C). At 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks, dissected blocks were processed for histological [e.g. area (mm(2)) of mineralized tissue (MT)] and immunohistochemical (osteocalcin - OC, angiogenesis - TG) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 weeks, both coated NBM groups exhibited the formation of a thin hard tissue bridge underneath the BG. All test groups revealed significantly higher mean MT values than the C group at 24 weeks. rhBMP-2+NBM+BG-treated defects revealed significantly higher mean MT values in comparison with the AB+BG (8 and 24 weeks), NBM+BG (2 and 4 weeks), and rhGDF-5+NBM+BG (2, 16, and 24 weeks) groups, respectively. Immunoreactions to either OC or TG were comparable in all test groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that (i) all treatment procedures investigated supported bone regeneration at 24 weeks and (ii) rhBMP-2 might have the potential to improve the outcome of healing, particularly during the early stages of healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. frank.schwarz@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sager
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herten
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hartig
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000637:transplantation*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000502:physiology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000502:physiology; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010027:Osteotomy; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011994:Recombinant Proteins