title: The positive relationship between excess cement and peri-implant disease: a prospective clinical endoscopic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cement-retained restorations are commonly used on dental implants. Residual excess cement after placement of fixed partial dentures has been associated with clinical and radiographic signs of peri-implant disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between excess dental cement and peri-implant disease using the dental endoscope.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine consecutive patients with implants exhibiting clinical and/or radiographic signs of peri-implant disease were studied. Patients were enrolled in the study during a 5-year period in a private periodontal practice. Twelve of these patients had similar implants without signs of inflammation; these implants served as controls. There were 20 controls and 42 test implants. All were evaluated using a dental endoscope initially, and all but one implant was evaluated at a 30-day follow-up. Results from both groups were assessed by two trained operators and recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the controls and all 42 of the test implants had clinical signs of peri-implant disease at initial treatment. Excess cement was found in none of the controls and 34 of the test sites. Thirty days after cement removal, 25 of 33 test sites from which the cement was removed had no clinical or endoscopic signs of inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excess dental cement was associated with signs of peri-implant disease in the majority (81%) of the cases. Clinical and endoscopic signs of peri-implant disease were absent in 74% of the test implants after the removal of excess cement.
authors.affiliation: tom@tgwperio.com
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002484:Cementation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003781:Denture Retention; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed; D019723:Endoscopes; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000009:adverse effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D015921:Dental Implants; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D019279:Resin Cements