title: Reemergence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the genomics era.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of bacterial infections in developed countries and produces a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from minor skin infections to fatal necrotizing pneumonia. Although S. aureus infections were historically treatable with common antibiotics, emergence of drug-resistant organisms is now a major concern. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was endemic in hospitals by the late 1960s, but it appeared rapidly and unexpectedly in communities in the 1990s and is now prevalent worldwide. This Review focuses on progress made toward understanding the success of community-associated MRSA as a human pathogen, with an emphasis on genome-wide approaches and virulence determinants.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA. fdeleo@niaid.nih.gov
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: DeLeo
authors.forename: Henry F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chambers
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history / Q000382:microbiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000235:genetics; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history / Q000382:microbiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin