title: Positive conversion of tuberculin skin test and performance of interferon release assay to detect hidden tuberculosis infection during anti-tumor necrosis factor agent trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate tuberculin skin tests (TST) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) assay in the detection of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection during tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist treatment in Korean patients with initial negative TST result.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six patients with rheumatic diseases who had received anti-TNF agents for over one year were investigated. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. All patients received followup TST, and IFN-gamma assay was performed in 64.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 40 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 34 ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 9 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and 3 other patients. The TST converted to positive in 28 (32.6%) patients. There was no significant variation between TST conversion rate and all risk factors. Although there was no statistical significance, the odds of the TST conversion rate tended to increase with the duration of TNF antagonist administration. Nine (14.1%) of 64 patients who performed an IFN-gamma assay had positive results. Among 28 TST positive conversion cases, 4 patients with AS and 1 with psoriatic arthritis had positive IFN-gamma assay results, and one of them developed miliary TB. However, none of the 4 RA patients with positive IFN-gamma assay showed TST conversion. There was 68.6% agreement (kappa = 0.29, p = 0.02) between TST and IFN-gamma assay results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serial TST with IFN-gamma assay may be useful to identify false-negative response to cases of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and new TB infections in patients with immune mediated inflammatory diseases during longterm anti-TNF therapy, especially in areas with intermediate TB burden.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ga Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jin Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae-Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy; D000068800:Etanercept; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069285:Infliximab; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000472:pathogenicity; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000188:drug therapy; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068800:Etanercept