Alien species in a warmer world: risks and opportunities.
Climate change and biological invasions are key processes affecting global biodiversity, yet their effects have usually been considered separately. Here, we emphasise that global warming has enabled alien species to expand into regions in which they previously could not survive and reproduce. Based on a review of climate-mediated biological invasions of plants, invertebrates, fishes and birds, we discuss the ways in which climate change influences biological invasions. We emphasise the role of alien species in a more dynamic context of shifting species' ranges and changing communities. Under these circumstances, management practices regarding the occurrence of 'new' species could range from complete eradication to tolerance and even consideration of the 'new' species as an enrichment of local biodiversity and key elements to maintain ecosystem services.
Walther
Gian-Reto
GR
Department of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, University Street 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. gian-reto.ealther@uni.bayreuth.de
Roques
Alain
A
Hulme
Philip E
PE
Sykes
Martin T
MT
Pysek
Petr
P
Kühn
Ingolf
I
Zobel
Martin
M
Bacher
Sven
S
Botta-Dukát
Zoltán
Z
Bugmann
Harald
H
Czúcz
Bálint
B
Dauber
Jens
J
Hickler
Thomas
T
Jarosík
Vojtech
V
Kenis
Marc
M
Klotz
Stefan
S
Minchin
Dan
D
Moora
Mari
M
Nentwig
Wolfgang
W
Ott
Jürgen
J
Panov
Vadim E
VE
Reineking
Björn
B
Robinet
Christelle
C
Semenchenko
Vitaliy
V
Solarz
Wojciech
W
Thuiller
Wilfried
W
Vilà
Montserrat
M
Vohland
Katrin
K
Settele
Josef
J
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D057232:Global Warming; D010944:Plants; D012307:Risk Factors