title: Fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter: a single-institutional experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ureteral fibroepithelial polyps (UFP) are rare lesions that may mimic ureteral malignancy, and management is not well defined. We report our experience with the management of UFP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1945 and 2008, review of our clinical database identified 27 patients who were found to have UFP. Single-pathologist review excluded five patients (three papilloma, one inflammatory pseudopolyp, and one nondiagnostic). Fisher's exact methods were utilized to assess significance of clinical associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age at diagnosis was 40 years (range 7-73 years) and 68% were male. Mean follow-up was 37 months (range 2-276 months). History of urologic conditions occurred in 13 patients: 7 (32%) urolithiasis, 2 (9%) ureteral stents, 1 (5%) recurrent urinary tract infection, and 3 (14%) ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Mean UFP diameter was 2 cm (range 0.5-4 cm). UFP was more common in the left ureter (68%, 15/22). UFP location within the ureter was proximal in 13 (59%, 15/22), mid in 4 (18%, 4/22), and distal in 4 (18%, 4/22) with multiple UFP along the length of one ureter. Six patients (27%) had multiple UFP. Open surgery, last performed in 1994, was the initial treatment in 10 (45%, 10/22) patients. Endoscopic treatment was performed in 12 (55%, 12/22) patients and was successful in 11. After endoscopic treatment, open surgical treatment was required in 3 patients with ureteral stricture and 1 patient with incomplete polyp resection. UFP reoccurred in 1 patient (1/12) at 26 months and was successfully treated with ureteroscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that UFP can be successfully managed with endoscopic techniques. Postoperative surveillance is recommended for potential early detection of ureteral stricture or recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: M Adam
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Childs
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Umbreit
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Krambeck
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sebo
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gettman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D014513:Ureter / Q000473:pathology*