Control of free arachidonic acid levels by phospholipases A2 and lysophospholipid acyltransferases.
Arachidonic acid (AA) and its oxygenated derivatives, collectively known as the eicosanoids, are key mediators of a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological states. AA, obtained from the diet or synthesized from linoleic acid, is rapidly incorporated into cellular phospholipids by the concerted action of arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase and lysophospholipid acyltransferases. Under the appropriate conditions, AA is liberated from its phospholipid storage sites by the action of one or various phospholipase A(2) enzymes. Thus, cellular availability of AA, and hence the amount of eicosanoids produced, depends on an exquisite balance between phospholipid reacylation and hydrolysis reactions. This review focuses on the enzyme families that are involved in these reactions in resting and stimulated cells.
Pérez-Chacón
Gema
G
Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain.
Astudillo
Alma M
AM
Balgoma
David
D
Balboa
María A
MA
Balsinde
Jesús
J
D008243:1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D006801:Humans; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism
D010743:Phospholipids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D008243:1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase; D054467:Phospholipases A2