title: Prediction of outcome in severe traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prognostic models for predicting outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be useful in several areas. However, established risk prediction models for general critical illness show significant limitations in neurotrauma. Development of specific risk prediction models for TBI has been difficult due to the variability of injury, which predicates a large sample for construction of robust models. Previous development of prognostic models for TBI has suffered from small sample sizes, poor study design and follow up, difficulty in application to clinical practice, limited inclusion of patients from low income countries, and lack of external validation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This situation has changed substantially in the last year with the development and validation of two new risk prediction models based on large datasets.The Corticosteroid Randomization after Significant Head Injury (CRASH) trial and the International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI (IMPACT) databases have been used to create prediction with or without computed tomography data, and been cross validated. In addition, the CRASH database was used to develop models for low/middle income countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome prediction models that have evolved from these databases are undergoing further refinement and validation, and it is likely that these advances will prove valuable in training clinicians, counselling patients' families, auditing unit performance, designing better clinical trials, and rational allocation of resources.
authors.affiliation: Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. dkn13@wbic.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zahed
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index