title: Web-based training on weapons of mass destruction response for emergency medical services personnel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop, implement, and assess a web-based simulation training program for emergency medical services (EMS) personnel on recognition and treatment of ocular injuries resulting from weapons of mass destruction (WMD) attacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The training program consisted of six modules: WMD knowledge and event detection, ocular anatomy, ocular first aid (ie, flushing, cupping, and patching), and three WMD simulations (ie, sarin gas release, anthrax release, and radioactive dispersal device). Pretest, post-test, and 1-month follow-up test and a program evaluation were used to measure knowledge gain and retention and to assess the effectiveness of the program.
  
  
  METHODS
  New York State EMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and sixty-four individuals participated in the training program and all waves of the testing (86 percent retention rate).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effectiveness of the training intervention was measured using pretest and post-test questionnaires and analyzed using dependent t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assessment scores for overall knowledge increased from the pretest (mean = 15.7, standard deviation [SD] = 2.1) to the post-test (mean = 17.8, SD = 1.3), p < 0.001, and from pretest (mean = 15.7, SD = 2.1) to 1-month follow-up test (mean = 16.6, SD = 2.0), p < 0.001. Ninety-two percent of respondents indicated that the program reinforced understanding of WMDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This training method provides an effective and low-cost approach to educate and evaluate EMS personnel on emergency treatment of eye trauma associated with the use of WMD. Online training should also be supplemented with hands-on practice and refresher trainings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Robyn R M
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Gershon
authors.forename: Allison N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Canton
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Magda
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DiMaggio
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Mitchell W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003198:Computer Simulation; D020375:Education, Distance; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D054044:Weapons of Mass Destruction