title: GerES IV: phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A in urine of German children.
abstract: Urine samples from GerES IV were analysed for concentrations of the metabolites of DEHP (MEHP, 5OH-MEHP, 5oxo-MEHP, 5cx-MEPP, and 2cx-MMHP), DnBP and DiBP (MnBP and MiBP), BBzP (MBzP), DiNP (7OH-MMeOP, 7oxo-MMeOP and 7cx-MMeHP), and bisphenol A (BPA) to assess the exposure of German children on a representative basis. 600 morning urine samples had been randomly chosen from stored 1800 GerES IV samples originating from 3 to 14 year old children living in Germany. All metabolites could be detected in nearly all urine samples (N=599). Descriptive data analysis leads to mean concentrations of 5-OH-MEHP and 5-oxo-MEHP of 48microg/l and 37microg/l, respectively. The mean concentration of 7OH-MMeOP was 11microg/l. MnBP, MiNP, MBzP showed mean levels of 96microg/l, 94microg/l, and 18microg/l, respectively. The concentrations of the phthalate metabolites decreased with increasing age. Compared to German adults all children showed three to five fold higher urine concentrations than adults analysed in the same decade. For some children the levels of the sum of 5OH-MEHP and 5oxo-MEHP in urine were higher than the German human biomonitoring value (HBM I) of 500mcirog/l, which indicates that adverse health effects cannot be excluded for these subjects with sufficient certainty. The mean concentration of BPA in urine was 2.7microg/l. A rough calculation of the daily intakes on the basis of the measured concentrations in urine resulted in daily intakes two orders of magnitude lower than the current EFSA reference dose of 50microg/kgbw/d.
authors.affiliation: Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Rosslau/Berlin, Germany. Kerstin.Becker@uba.de
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Göen
authors.forename: Margarete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seiwert
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pick-Fuss
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wittassek
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Marike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolossa-Gehring
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds