title: Vorinostat in advanced prostate cancer patients progressing on prior chemotherapy (National Cancer Institute Trial 6862): trial results and interleukin-6 analysis: a study by the Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial Consortium and University of Chicago Phase 2 Consortium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This phase 2 trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of vorinostat in chemotherapy-pretreated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with disease progression on 1 prior chemotherapy, a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >or=5 ng/mL, and adequate organ function were treated with 400 mg vorinostat orally daily. The primary endpoint was the 6-month progression rate. Secondary endpoints included safety, rate of PSA decline, objective response, overall survival, and effects of vorinostat on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven eligible patients were accrued. The median number of cycles delivered was 2 (range, 1-7). All patients were taken off therapy before 6 months. The best objective response in the eligible patient was stable disease in 2 (7%) patients. No PSA decline of >or=50% was observed. There was 1 grade 4 adverse event (AE), and 44% of patients experienced grade 3 adverse events. The most common adverse events were fatigue (81%), nausea (74%), anorexia (59%), vomiting (33%), diarrhea (33%), and weight loss (26%). Median time to progression and overall survival were 2.8 and 11.7 months, respectively. Median IL-6 levels (pg/mL) were higher in patients removed from the protocol for toxicity compared with progression at all time points, including baseline (5.2 vs 2.1, P = .02), Day 15 Cycle 1 (9.5 vs 2.2, P = .01), Day 1 Cycle 2 (9.8 vs 2.2, P = .01), and end of study (11.0 vs 2.9, P = .09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vorinostat at this dose was associated with significant toxicities limiting efficacy assessment in this patient population. The significant association between IL-6 levels and removal from the study for toxicities warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rathkopf
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Walter M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pili
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zwiebel
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scher
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000077337:Vorinostat
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000077337:Vorinostat