title: Rapid sarcomatous transformation of an ameloblastic fibroma of the mandible: case report and literature review.
abstract: Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumour regarded as the malignant counterpart of ameloblastic fibroma. It is characterized by a benign epithelial component within a malignant fibrous stroma. AFS is a locally aggressive neoplasm with extremely low potential for metastasis. We report an extremely rare, rapidly progressive, and fatal case originating in the posterior mandible of a 20-year old female patient. Initially histopathologically diagnosed as a benign lesion, it rapidly recurred with apparent transformation into a high-grade sarcoma over a period of 6 months. Subsequent intracranial and pulmonary metastases were noted, and the patient died within 15 months of initial consultation. This case emphasizes the need for a high element of suspicion about clinically ambiguous lesions. We recommend more extensive or radical, primary excisions in lesions that have a known potential for recurrence or malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Demonstrator, Oral Surgery, Dental Section, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kousar
authors.forename: Mervyn M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hosein
authors.forename: Zubair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Khurram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minhas
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000473:pathology; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009808:Odontogenic Tumors / Q000473:pathology*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult