title: Consumption of milk with added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate remineralizes enamel subsurface lesions in situ.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is an anticariogenic agent that is suitable to be added to foods. The aim of this double-blind, three-way crossover randomized study was to investigate the capacity of CPP-ACP, when added to bovine milk, to remineralize enamel subsurface lesions in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten subjects drank 100 mL of bovine milk containing no added CPP-ACP (control milk), 0.2% (w/v) CPP-ACP or 0.3% (w/v) CPP-ACP, for 30 seconds once daily for 15 days, whilst wearing removable appliances with attached slabs of enamel containing subsurface enamel lesions. After each treatment and a one-week washout period, subjects crossed over to another treatment and this was repeated until they had consumed each of the three milk products. At the completion of each treatment the enamel slabs were removed and remineralization was determined using microradiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that all three milk samples remineralized enamel subsurface lesions in situ. However, the two milk samples containing added CPP-ACP each produced significantly greater remineralization than the control milk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The remineralizing effect of CPP-ACP in milk was dose-dependent with milk containing 0.2% CPP-ACP and 0.3% CPP-ACP producing an increase in mineral content of 81% and 164%, respectively, relative to the control milk.
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002417:Cattle; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005503:Food Additives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005503:Food Additives; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex