title: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of endometrial cancer: differentiation from benign endometrial lesions and preoperative assessment of myometrial invasion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uterine endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy, and benign endometrial hyperplasia or polyps should be differentiated from endometrial cancer. In evaluating endometrial cancer on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the assessment of the depth of myometrial invasion is important because it closely correlates with the patient's prognosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To verify the feasibility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) to distinguish benign and malignant endometrial lesions, and to evaluate myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven endometrial lesions including 45 cancers and 22 benign lesions (hyperplasia and polyps) were evaluated by DWI with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement. The staging accuracies of DWI and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images in the assessment of myometrial invasion were evaluated in 33 patients with endometrial cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ADC values (x10(-3) mm(2)/s) in cancer and benign lesions were 0.84+/-0.19 and 1.58+/-0.36, respectively (P<0.01). The staging accuracy (superficial or deep myometrial invasion) was 94% for DWI and 88% for gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images. Coexisting adenomyosis and infiltrative myometrial invasion caused staging errors on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images, whereas DWI could demonstrate the tumor extent correctly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DWI provides helpful information in evaluating benign and malignant endometrial lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan. mayumi@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishitani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium