title: Elevated serum uric acid levels following heart transplantation predict all-cause and cardiac mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the relationship between elevated serum uric acid (SUA) and mortality as well as cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) among 184 heart transplant (HTx) recipients. We also measured inflammatory, neurohormonal, and oxidative stress markers to explore pathophysiological mechanisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 28 (15%) deaths, patients with SUA > or = 502 micromol/L (upper quartile) at 1 year post-HTx had an increased risk of total mortality (adjusted HR 2.21, P = 0.03) and cardiac mortality (adjusted HR 4.38, P = 0.03). Elevated SUA was a significant risk factor for development of moderate/severe angiographic CAV (adjusted HR 4.79, P = 0.01). A smaller decline in SUA (<97 micromol/L) during the first year post-HTx was also associated with an increased risk of mortality (P = 0.02). Patients with elevated SUA had significantly higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = 0.008) and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (P = 0.022), but there was no significant difference in oxidative stress parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated SUA at 1 year post-HTx, or a modest rather than a marked decline in SUA levels during the first year post-HTx, is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Although the pathophysiological mechanism is unclear, our data indicate a potential relationship between SUA and inflammation which should be explored further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet Medical Centre, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. satish.arora@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aukrust
authors.forename: Thor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueland
authors.forename: Kaspar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Broch
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.forename: Einar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gude
authors.forename: Arnt E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fiane
authors.forename: Odd
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Geiran
authors.forename: Ragnhild
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wergeland
authors.forename: Arne K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Andreassen
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gullestad
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000401:mortality*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid