title: Structural magnetic resonance imaging predictors of responsiveness to cognitive behaviour therapy in psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Responsiveness to cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in psychosis may have a neurological basis. This study aimed to determine whether improvement in symptoms following CBT for psychosis (CBTp) in people with schizophrenia is positively associated with pre-therapy grey matter volume in brain regions involved in cognitive processing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty outpatients stable on medication with at least one distressing symptom of schizophrenia and willing to receive CBTp in addition to their standard care (SC), and 25 healthy participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, 30 patients received CBTp (CBTp+SC; 25 completers) for 6-8 months and 30 continued with their standard care (SC; 19 completers). Symptoms in all patients were assessed (blindly) at entry and follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CBTp+SC and SC groups did not differ clinically at baseline, and only the CBTp+SC group showed improved symptoms at follow-up. Severity of baseline symptoms was not associated with CBTp responsiveness. Reduction with CBTp in positive symptoms was associated with greater right cerebellum (lobule VII) grey matter volume, in negative symptoms with left precentral gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule grey matter volumes, and in general psychopathology with greater right superior temporal gyrus, cuneus and cerebellum (Crus I) grey matter volumes. Grey matter volume in these brain areas did not correlate with the severity of baseline symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grey matter volume of the frontal, temporal, parietal and cerebellar areas that are known to be involved in the co-ordination of mental activity, cognitive flexibility, and verbal learning and memory predict responsiveness to CBTp in patients with psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Preethi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Premkumar
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fannon
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: Emmanuelle R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Ananatha P P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Anilkumar
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013223:Statistics as Topic