title: [High mobility group box-1 stimulates proinflammatory cytokine production in endothelial cells via MAP kinases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the synergistic effect of recombinant human high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in human umbilic vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and explore the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signal transduction in cytokine release.
  
  
  METHODS
  HUVECs were incubated with recombinant HMGB1 (0-75 ng/ml) for 24 h and the culture medium supernatant was harvested for detection of IL-8 and MCP-1 with LiquiChip system. At 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after stimulation with 15 ng/ml HMGB1 or 15 ng/ml HMGB1 plus 10 ng/ml LPS, the levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 in the HUVECs were examined. To test the effect of MAPK inhibitors, HUVCs were pretreated with the inhibitors SB203580 (20 mol/L), PD98059 (20 mol/L), and JNK inhibitor II (50 nmol/L) 1 h before HMGB1 and LPS stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 were significantly increased in the HUVECs stimulated with HMGB1 protein at the concentrations of 3, 15 and 75 ng/ml in comparison with the control levels (P<0.01). Since 3-6 h after the stimulation with HMGB1, the levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 began to increase gradually, and steadily increased at 12 and 24 h, all significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). Stimulation of the HUVECs with LPS (10 ng<ml) or HMGB1 (15 ng/ml) alone resulted in significantly increased levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 (P<0.01), which were further increased after costimulation with LPS and HMGB1, suggesting a synergistic effect between HMGB1 and LPS (P<0.01). This synergistic effect was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with MAPK signaling kinases inhibitors, especially the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580, and the cocktail of MAP kinase inhibitors almost totally blocked the expression of these chemokines in HUVECs treated with HMGB1 and LPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HMGB1 protein can activate HUVECs to produce the chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. HMGB1 also acts synergistically with LPS to induce IL-8 and MCP-1 release, which might play an important role in the development of sepsis. MAPK signal transduction plays an important role in HMGB1 and LPS-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 release.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. zhongtianyu @gmail.com
authors.forename: Tian-yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Ya-wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhi-jie
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Deng-yu
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming-zhe
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing-hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D016209:Interleukin-8; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases