Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) utilizes microtubules, dynein, and ROCK1 to productively infect cells.
To initiate infection, equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) attaches to heparan sulfate on cell surfaces and then interacts with a putative glycoprotein D receptor(s). After attachment, virus entry occurs either by direct fusion of the virus envelope with the plasma membrane or via endocytosis followed by fusion between the virus envelope and an endosomal membrane. Upon fusion, de-enveloped virus particles are deposited into the cytoplasm and travel to the nucleus for viral replication. In this report, we examined the mechanism of EHV-1 intracellular trafficking and investigated the ability of EHV-1 to utilize specific cellular components to efficiently travel to the nucleus post-entry. Using a panel of microtubule-depolymerizing drugs and inhibitors of microtubule motor proteins, we show that EHV-1 infection is dependent on both the integrity of the microtubule network and the minus-end microtubule motor protein, dynein. In addition, we show that EHV-1 actively induces the acetylation of tubulin, a marker of microtubule stabilization, as early as 15 min post-infection. Finally, our data support a role for the cellular kinase, ROCK1, in virus trafficking to the nucleus.
Frampton
Arthur R
AR
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States. framptona@uncw.edu
Uchida
Hiroaki
H
von Einem
Jens
J
Goins
William F
WF
Grandi
Paola
P
Cohen
Justus B
JB
Osterrieder
Nikolaus
N
Glorioso
Joseph C
JC
D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016466:CHO Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004398:Dyneins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004861:Herpesvirus 1, Equid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006736:Horses; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
D014404:Tubulin; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D004398:Dyneins