title: Prevalence of refractive errors in school-age children in Morocco.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of refractive errors in school-age children in Morocco was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 545 children (300 boys and 245 girls, between 6 and 16 years of age) attending school were examined to assess their refractive errors in a field study in Morocco (North Africa). The examination included autorefraction under cycloplegia and visual acuity, stereopsis and anterior corneal-radius measurements .
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a low prevalence of myopia (< or =-0.5 D SE [spherical equivalent] in at least one eye), i.e. only 6.1%. The prevalence of hyperopia (> or =2.0 D SE in at least one eye) was 18.3%. Astigmatism (< or =-0.75 D of cylinder in at least one eye) was found in 23.5% of these children. The low prevalence of large refractive errors makes visual acuity in these children very good. In general, the corneal radii did not significantly vary with age. There were no significant differences between the distribution of refractive errors in these children according to gender but there were with respect to age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a low prevalence of myopia in these African children, astigmatism being the most frequent refractive error. The mean refractive errors found were low, and therefore visual acuity was high in these children.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, Department of Optics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. rganera@ugr.es
authors.forename: Rosario G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Anera
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Cruz Cardona
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortiz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D003867:Depth Perception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009018:Morocco / Q000453:epidemiology; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015995:Prevalence; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D009184:Mydriatics