title: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in an endemic region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) still constitutes an important clinical problem. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and features of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated 14,266 tuberculosis patients diagnosed between January 1999 and December 2003 in a tertiary care hospital in Istanbul. As many as 2,435 patients (17.1%) with EPTB were evaluated for the incidence and features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 14,266 patients, 4,154 were female (29%) and 10,112 were male (71%) and were aged between 14 and 86 years with a mean age of 35 +/- 14 years. As many as 660 (17.9%) patients were diagnosed as EPTB in 1999, 568 (17.8%) in 2000, 357 (13.7%) in 2001, 462 (22%) in 2002 and 388 (14.5%) in 2003. EPTB presented most commonly as pleurisy (66%), followed by lymphadenitis (23%). Lymphadenitis and pleurisy were more commonly observed among female TB patients (60%) and among male TB patients (59%) respectively. EPTB showed a significant female predilection (26.8%) compared to male patients (13.1%). Multi-organ involvement was observed in 37 (1.5%) patients (two organs in 33 and three organs in 4). As many as 197 (8%) EPTB cases had pulmonary tuberculosis simultaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPTB still constitutes an important clinical problem. The rates of EPTB have remained constant despite the decline in pulmonary tuberculosis cases. In the current study, we present our experience of the incidence and features of EPTB patients without HIV infection. In this study, EPTB cases constituted one-fifth of all tuberculosis cases presented to our center in the study period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, SSK Sureyyapasa Center for Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Kürşat
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ozvaran
authors.forename: Reha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tor
authors.forename: Ilknur
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dilek
authors.forename: Dilay
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demiryontar
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arinç
authors.forename: Nil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toker
authors.forename: Efsun Uğur
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Chousein
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Soğukpinar