title: Relationship between folic acid intake and gingival health in non-smoking adults in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between dietary intake of folate and gingival bleeding in non-smoking adults in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from residents who participated in the regional nutrition survey and survey of dental diseases conducted by the administrative office of northernmost prefecture of Japan. Dietitians visited households to collect data on dietary intake. Clinical parameters, including Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and bleeding on probing (BOP), were examined in community centers. Information on smoking habit was obtained from the interview. Then the data from 497 non-smoking adults with 20 teeth or more, aged 18 years or older, were analyzed. The relationship between dietary intake of folic acid and gingival bleeding status was estimated using multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant negative correlation between dietary folate level and bleeding on probing. The negative association between folate level and bleeding on probing remained statistically significant in multiple regression analysis (standardized beta = -0.204, P < 0.001). However, no significant association was found between CPI scores and folate intake level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that dietary intake of folic acid, an important indicator of gingival bleeding in adults, may provide an important clinical target for intervention to promote gingival health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akino
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D005492:Folic Acid