title: Asymmetric dimethylarginine endogenous inhibition of nitric oxide synthase causes differential vasculature effects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), produced during protein metabolism, is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, but little is known about its direct vasoactive properties in different arterial beds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Segments of canine coronary, renal, and femoral arteries were pretreated with increasing concentrations of ADMA, and endothelial function was evaluated in organ chambers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In precontracted canine coronary arteries, the highest concentrations of ADMA inhibited endothelium-dependent relaxation mediated by acetylcholine (n=7), but no concentration of ADMA inhibited receptor-independent relaxation mediated by calcium ionophore (n=7) (P<.001). The effect of ADMA on acetylcholine-mediated relaxation was shown to be competitive inhibition of the nitric oxide synthase pathway, because the addition of L-arginine (10(-3) M), but not D-arginine (10(-3) M), reversed the effect produced by 10-5 M ADMA. Further, ADMA did not alter endothelium-independent relaxation mediated by sodium nitroprusside (10(-9) to 10(-6) M; n=7). Femoral arteries (n=7) and renal arteries (n=7) were more sensitive to ADMA than were coronary arteries, and they demonstrated significant ADMA inhibition to receptor dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine (P=.03 and P=.01, respectively) and to receptor-independent relaxation induced by calcium ionophore (P=.02 and P=.01, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endothelium-dependent relaxation mediated by ADMA is more marked in femoral and renal arteries than in coronary arteries. The response in coronary arteries may be overall protective. Considering these different effects in various artery types, the role of ADMA as a confiable and specific cardiovascular risk factor is questioned.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: David George
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Cable
authors.forename: Andrea Carla
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Celotto
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto Barbosa
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Evora
authors.forename: Hartzell Vernon
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Schaff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001158:Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase