title: Subcutaneous tissue response of isogenic mice to calcium hydroxide-based pastes with chlorhexidine.
abstract: This study was evaluated the response of subcutaneous connective tissue of isogenic mice to calcium hydroxide-based pastes with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). Seventy isogenic male BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks and weighing 15-20 g were randomly assigned to 8 groups. The animals received polyethylene tube implants as follows: Groups I, II, and III (n=10) - Calen paste mixed with 0.4% CHX (experimental paste; Calen/CHX) for 7, 21, and 63 days, respectively; Groups IV, V, and VI (n=10) - UltraCal paste mixed with 2% CHX (experimental paste supplied by Ultradent Products Inc.; Ultracal/CHX) for 7, 21, and 63 days, respectively; and Groups VII and VIII (n=5): empty tube for 7 and 21 days, respectively. At the end of the experimental periods, the implants were removed together with the surrounding tissues (skin and subcutaneous connective tissue). The biopsied tissues were subjected to routine processing for histological analysis. Using a descriptive analysis and a four-point (0-3) scoring system, the following criteria were considered for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the tissue around the implanted materials: collagen fiber formation, tissue thickness and inflammatory infiltrate. A quantitative analysis was performed by measuring the thickness (microm), area (microm(2)) and perimeter (microm) of the reactionary granulomatous tissue formed at the tube ends. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test (alpha=0.05). Calen/CHX showed biocompatibility with the subcutaneous and reactionary tissues, with areas of discrete fibrosis and normal conjunctive fibrous tissue, though without statistically significant difference (p>0.05) from the control groups. In Groups I to III, there was a predominance of score 1, while in Groups IV to VI scores 2 and 3 predominated for all analyzed parameters. UltraCal/CHX, on the other hand, induced the formation of an inflammatory infiltrate and abundant exudate, suggesting a persistent residual aggression from the material, even 63 days after implant placement. In conclusion, the Calen paste mixed with 0.4% CHX allowed an adequate tissue response, whereas the UltraCal paste mixed with 2% CHX showed unsatisfactory results.
authors.affiliation: Preventive and Community Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Clinic, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. raquel@forp.usp.br
authors.forename: Raquel Assed Bezerra da
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Sada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Assed
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nelson-Filho
authors.forename: Léa Assed Bezerra da
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Consolaro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011897:Random Allocation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C531021:UltraCal XS; C420643:calen; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002710:Chlorhexidine