title: Dissolution and transport of 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT from M1 propellant in soil.
abstract: Live-fire training exercises can result in particulate propellant contamination on military training ranges and can potentially contaminate ground water. This study was conducted to evaluate dissolution of the 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) from the propellant formulation, M1 (87.6% nitrocellulose, 7.3% 2,4-DNT, 0.57% 2,6-DNT, 1.06% diphenylamine, 3.48% dibutyl phthalate) and their subsequent transport in soil. Batch dissolution studies were followed by saturated column transport experiments. Neat, dissolved 2,4-DNT, and M1 in solid and dissolved forms were used as influent to columns filled with Plymouth loamy sand (mesic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments) from Camp Edwards, MA. Dissolution rates and other fate and transport parameters were determined using the HYDRUS-1D code. M1 dissolution was limited by DNT diffusion from the interior of the pellet, resulting in an exponential decrease in dissolution rate with time. The HYDRUS-1D model accurately described release and transport of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT from M1 propellant. Dissolution rates for M1 in the stirred reactor and column studies were similar, indicating that batch dissolution rates are potentially useful to represent field conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States. Kateryna.Dontsova@gmail.com
authors.forename: Katerina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dontsova
authors.forename: Judith C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.forename: Charolett
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simunek
authors.forename: Clint W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Williford
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D012987:Soil; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C016403:2,4-dinitrotoluene; C023514:2,6-dinitrotoluene