Major haemoptysis in Hong Kong: aetiologies, angiographic findings and outcomes of bronchial artery embolisation.
METHODS
Tertiary referral centres.


OBJECTIVE
To provide comprehensive updates on the aetiologies, angiographic findings and outcomes of bronchial artery embolisation (BAE) for life-threatening haemoptysis in Hong Kong.


METHODS
Retrospective review of clinical records of consecutive patients presenting with life-threatening haemoptysis from 2000 to 2006.


RESULTS
There were 3006 admissions due to haemoptysis involving 2260 patients during the study period; of these, 251 patients had life-threatening haemoptysis. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) (active or inactive) and bronchiectasis were the main underlying causes. BAE was attempted in 167 patients. There was a high prevalence of bilateral bronchial arterial abnormalities (31.7%), presence of abnormal non-bronchial arteries (41.3%) and presence of broncho-pulmonary shunt (38.9%). BAE had a high immediate success rate of 95.7%, with a 5-year recurrence rate of 45.0%. Recurrent life-threatening haemoptysis was independently associated with past history of haemoptysis (P = 0.024), presence of broncho-pulmonary shunt (P = 0.013), and incomplete embolisation (P = 0.002). Complications were uncommon (<5%) and self-limiting.


CONCLUSIONS
In Hong Kong, about one tenth of admissions due to haemoptysis were life-threatening. PTB and bronchiectasis were the major causes. Complications due to BAE were uncommon and self-limiting, with super-selective catheters.
Chan
V L
VL
Department of Medicine & Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR China.
So
L K Y
LK
Lam
J Y M
JY
Lau
K-Y
KY
Chan
C-S
CS
Lin
A W N
AW
Chu
C-M
CM
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D001981:Bronchial Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology