title: BFA-induced compartments from the Golgi apparatus and trans-Golgi network/early endosome are distinct in plant cells.
abstract: Brefeldin A (BFA) is a useful tool for studying protein trafficking and identifying organelles in the plant secretory and endocytic pathways. At low concentrations (5-10 microg ml(-1)), BFA caused both the Golgi apparatus and trans-Golgi network (TGN), an early endosome (EE) equivalent in plant cells, to form visible aggregates in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells. Here we show that these BFA-induced aggregates from the Golgi apparatus and TGN are morphologically and functionally distinct in plant cells. Confocal immunofluorescent and immunogold electron microscope (EM) studies demonstrated that BFA-induced Golgi- and TGN-derived aggregates are physically distinct from each other. In addition, the internalized endosomal marker FM4-64 co-localized with the TGN-derived aggregates but not with the Golgi aggregates. In the presence of the endocytosis inhibitor tyrphostin A23, which acts in a dose- and time-dependent manner, SCAMP1 (secretory carrier membrane protein 1) and FM4-64 are mostly excluded from the SYP61-positive BFA-induced TGN aggregates, indicating that homotypic fusion of the TGN rather than de novo endocytic trafficking is important for the formation of TGN/EE-derived BFA-induced aggregates. As the TGN also serves as an EE, continuously receiving materials from the plasma membrane, our data support the notion that the secretory Golgi organelle is distinct from the endocytic TGN/EE in terms of its response to BFA treatment in plant cells. Thus, the Golgi and TGN are probably functionally distinct organelles in plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State (China) Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Sheung Kwan
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yu Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Angus Ho Yin
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pimpl
authors.forename: Ho Yin Edwin
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Liwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D020126:Brefeldin A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology; D021601:trans-Golgi Network / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: C092350:FM 4-64; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D020032:Tyrphostins; D020126:Brefeldin A; C060641:tyrphostin A23