title: Malignancy after liver transplantation: cumulative risk for development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Solid organ recipients are at high risk to develop malignancies due to the complex interactions of several factors, constituting a major cause of late death after transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed an historic cohort of adult liver recipients from cadaveric donors (multiorgan recipients excluded) performed from 1986-2002 with a minimum follow-up of 36 months. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess cumulative risk to develop malignancy and survival analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 528 patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) with a mean follow-up of 2400 days, 98 developed cancer among which 25% were skin malignancies. Sixty-seven patients developed at least 1 noncutaneous malignancy, an overall incidence of 12.7%. Eighteen percent suffered from posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease; 14%, lung cancer; 4%, Kaposi's sarcoma; 7%, genitourinary malignancies; and 17%, oropharyngeal or laryngeal cancer. The cumulative patient risks to develop noncutaneous malignancies at 5, 10, and 15 years posttransplantation were 9% (confidence interval [CI]: 0.06-0.11), 18% (CI: 0.14-0.23), and 25% (CI: 0.18-0.31), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OLT recipients are at higher risk to develop malignancies after transplantation, reaching a cumulative risk of 25% at 15 years. Long-term surveillance measures and screening programs must be seriously conducted for selected groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Digestive Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. emarquesmedina@hotmail.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marqués Medina
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiménez Romero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez de la Cámara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rota Bernal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manrique Municio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moreno González
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis