title: Metabolomic change precedes apple superficial scald symptoms.
abstract: Untargeted metabolic profiling was employed to characterize metabolomic changes associated with 'Granny Smith' apple superficial scald development following 1-MCP or DPA treatment. Partial least-squares discriminant analyses were used to link metabolites with scald, postharvest treatments, and storage duration. Models revealed metabolomic differentiation between untreated controls and fruit treated with DPA or 1-MCP within 1 week following storage initiation. Metabolic divergence between controls and DPA-treated fruit after 4 weeks of storage preceded scald symptom development by 2 months. alpha-Farnesene oxidation products with known associations to scald, including conjugated trienols, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, were associated with presymptomatic as well as scalded control fruit. Likewise, a large group of putative triterpenoids with mass spectral features similar to those of ursolic acid and beta-sitosterol were associated with control fruit and scald. Results demonstrate that extensive metabolomic changes associated with scald precede actual symptom development.
authors.affiliation: Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Wenatchee, Washington 98801, USA. David.Rudell@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Rudell
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mattheis
authors.forename: Maarten L A T M
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hertog
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004159:Diphenylamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D027845:Malus; D055432:Metabolomics; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004159:Diphenylamine; C412563:1-methylcyclopropene