title: [Inaugural psychotic events in multiple sclerosis?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychotic symptoms are not readily recognized in multiple sclerosis, especially at the beginning of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the cases of four patients who developed psychotic symptoms that led to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. We describe the psychiatric and neurological features, MRI findings, clinical outcome and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients developed persecutory delusions, one presented a manic episode and the fourth melancholia with catatonia. Mean age was 39 years (range 20-49 years). Two patients had a personal history, but none a familial history of psychiatric disease. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed an oligoclonal pattern in all patients. All patients fulfilled Barkhof's MRI criteria. Three have had brain MRI with injection during psychotic symptoms. In these three cases, a frontal lesion appeared. The patient with catatonia also had a new lesion in the cerebellum and in the brainstem. All patients needed a "psychiatric" treatment, including antipsychotics. The psychiatric event lasted three months for two patients and the two others experienced relapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute psychiatric symptom may reveal multiple sclerosis at the beginning of the disease. Frontal lobe localization is suggested. We propose that a psychotic event may correspond to a multiple sclerosis event.
authors.affiliation: Service de neuropsychologie, département de neurologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France. blanc.frdrc@free.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fleury
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lita
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruppert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferriby
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vermersch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vidailhet
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Seze
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002389:Catatonia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003702:Delusions / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009842:Oligopeptides