title: Using an oblique incident laser beam to measure the optical properties of stomach mucosa/submucosa tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the study is to determine the optical properties and their differences for normal human stomach mucosa/submucosa tissue in the cardiac orifice in vitro at 635, 730, 808, 890 and 980 nm wavelengths of laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  The measurements were performed using a CCD detector, and the optical properties were assessed from the measurements using the spatially resolved reflectance, and nonlinear fitting of diffusion equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of measurement showed that the absorption coefficients, the reduced scattering coefficients, the optical penetration depths, the diffusion coefficients, the diffuse reflectance and the shifts of diffuse reflectance of tissue samples at five different wavelengths vary with a change of wavelength. The maximum absorption coefficient for tissue samples is 0.265 mm-1 at 980 nm, and the minimum absorption coefficient is 0.0332 mm-1 at 730 nm, and the maximum difference in the absorption coefficients is 698% between 730 and 980 nm, and the minimum difference is 1.61% between 635 and 808 nm. The maximum reduced scattering coefficient for tissue samples is 1.19 mm-1 at 635 nm, and the minimum reduced scattering coefficient is 0.521 mm-1 at 980 nm, and the maximum difference in the reduced scattering coefficients is 128% between 635 and 980 nm, and the minimum difference is 1.15% between 890 and 980 nm. The maximum optical penetration depth for tissue samples is 3.57 mm at 808 nm, and the minimum optical penetration depth is 1.43 mm at 980 nm. The maximum diffusion constant for tissue samples is 0.608 mm at 890 nm, and the minimum diffusion constant is 0.278 mm at 635 nm. The maximum diffuse reflectance is 3.57 mm-1 at 808 nm, and the minimum diffuse reflectance is 1.43 mm-1 at 980 nm. The maximum shift Deltax of diffuse reflectance is 1.11 mm-1 at 890 nm, and the minimum shift Deltax of diffuse reflectance is 0.507 mm-1 at 635 nm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absorption coefficients, the reduced scattering coefficients, the optical penetration depths, the diffusion coefficients, the diffuse reflectance and the shifts of diffuse reflectance of tissue samples at 635, 730, 808, 890 and 980 nm wavelengths vary with a change of wavelength. There were significant differences in the optical properties for tissue samples at five different wavelengths (P < 0.01).
authors.affiliation: MOE Key laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangdong Province, PR China. weihj@scnu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Hua Jiang
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Bo Hua
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Huai Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Guo Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xue Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008954:Models, Biological; D055096:Optical Devices; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*