title: A psychoneuroendocrinology service.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research evidence has highlighted the relevance of endocrine/metabolic abnormalities in psychiatry and of psychosocial implications in endocrinology. However, the value of interdisciplinary expertise has not been implemented in clinical practice. We have therefore designed a new outpatient clinic, called the Psychoneuroendocrinology Service, to apply the principles of current psychosomatic medicine and report here on the first 100 referrals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the first 100 patients (74 females/26 males; mean age 44 +/- 13.8 years), the sources of referral were the Mental Health Center (n = 41), specialists (n = 37) and primary care physicians (n = 22). The main reasons for referral were endocrine assessment (n = 40), unexplained medical symptoms (n = 18) and poor response to treatment (n = 17). The most frequent medical diagnoses were obesity/overweight (n = 22), hypertension (n = 20) and hypothyroidism (n = 11). The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were major depression (n = 15), schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (n = 13) and bipolar disorder (n = 12). Subclinical symptoms (Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research) found were persistent somatization (n = 18), demoralization (n = 14) and irritable mood (n = 7). Therapeutic strategies included lifestyle modifications (n = 45), explanatory therapy (n = 30), low-dose clonazepam (n = 23) and modifications of existing treatment with psychotropic drugs (n = 16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this highly selected population, several difficult patients could be appropriately managed by virtue of a holistic view. Such an approach must involve experienced clinicians with a broad-spectrum training in psychoneuroendocrinology and psychosomatic medicine. If confirmed in its efficacy and cost-effectiveness, this model might be further expanded.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Division 1, Department of Mental Health of Padova, University of Padova, Via Battisti 241, Padova IT-3512, Italy. nicoletta.sonino@unipd.it
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sonino
authors.forename: Pio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peruzzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D009452:Neuroendocrinology / Q000458:organization & administration; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D011611:Psychosomatic Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration