title: Single-trial exercise-induced taste and odor aversion learning in humans.
abstract: In the present study, it was investigated whether humans acquire an aversion for a flavor paired with a single bout of exercise, and if so, to what degree this effect requires the experience of gastrointestinal distress. To this end, a total of 58 participants either consumed or merely tasted a specifically flavored solution directly prior to a 30 min running exercise. In both cases this led to a negative shift in subjective liking of the flavor (taste and odor) in comparison to the evaluation of another flavor not explicitly paired with exercise, indicative of a conditioned flavor aversion. The degree of subjectively experienced exercise-related gastrointestinal distress did not predict this negative hedonic shift for the flavor paired with the running exercise, implying that such distress may not be a prerequisite for exercise-induced flavor aversion learning in humans.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. r.havermans@maastrichtuniversity.nl
authors.forename: Remco C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Havermans
authors.forename: Sarah-Jeanne
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Salvy
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D001628:Beverages; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea; D009812:Odorants; D012420:Running; D013649:Taste