title: Dietary supplementation of tetradecylthioacetic acid increases feed intake but reduces body weight gain and adipose depot sizes in rats fed on high-fat diets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligand and fatty acid analogue tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) may reduce plasma lipids and enhance hepatic lipid metabolism, as well as reduce adipose tissue sizes in rats fed on high-fat diets. This study further explores the effects of TTA on weight gain, feed intake and adipose tissue functions in rats that are fed a high-fat diet for 7 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects on feed intake and body weight during 7 weeks' dietary supplement with TTA ( approximately 200 mg/kg bw) were studied in male Wistar rats fed on a lard-based diet containing approximately 40% energy from fat. Adipose tissue mass, body composition and expression of relevant genes in fat depots and liver were measured at the end of the feeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite higher feed intake during the final 2 weeks of the study, rats fed on TTA gained less body weight than lard-fed rats and had markedly decreased subcutaneous, epididymal, perirenal and mesenteric adipose depots. The effects of TTA feeding with reduced body weight gain and energy efficiency (weight gain/feed intake) started between day 10 and 13. Body contents of fat, protein and water were reduced after feeding lard plus TTA, with a stronger decrease in fat relative to protein. Plasma lipids, including Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA), were significantly reduced, whereas fatty acid beta-oxidation in liver and heart was enhanced in lard plus TTA-fed rats. Hepatic UCP3 was expressed ectopically both at protein and mRNA level (>1900-fold), whereas Ucp1 mRNA was increased approximately 30-fold in epididymal and approximately 90-fold in mesenteric fat after lard plus TTA feeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the hypothesis that TTA feeding may increase hepatic fatty acid beta-oxidation, and thereby reduce the size of adipose tissues. The functional importance of ectopic hepatic UCP3 is unknown, but might be associated with enhanced energy expenditure and thus the reduced feed efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wensaas
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rustan
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rokling-Andersen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caesar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kaalhus
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Graff
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Gudbrandsen
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Drevon
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D013440:Sulfides; C062078:1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane; C029310:lard