title: Serious complications in experiments in which UV doses are effected by using different lamp heights.
abstract: Many experiments examining plant responses to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation (280-315nm) simply compare an enhanced UV-B treatment with ambient UV-B (or no UV-B radiation in most greenhouse and controlled-environment studies). Some more detailed experiments utilize multiple levels of UV-B radiation. A number of different techniques have been used to adjust the UV dose. One common technique is to place racks of fluorescent UV-emitting lamps at different heights above the plant canopy. However, the lamps and associated support structure cast shadows on the plant bed below. We calculated one example of the sequence of shade intervals for two common heights of lamp racks and show the patterns and duration of shade which the plants receive is distributed differently over the course of the day for different heights of the lamp racks. We also conducted a greenhouse experiment with plants (canola, sunflower and maize) grown under unenergized lamp racks suspended at the same two heights above the canopy. Growth characteristics differed in unpredictable ways between plants grown under the two heights of lamp racks. These differences could enhance or obscure potential UV-B effects. Also, differences in leaf mass per unit foliage area, which were observed in this experiment, could contribute to differences in plant UV-B sensitivity. We recommend the use of other techniques for achieving multiple doses of UV-B radiation. These range from simple and inexpensive approaches (e.g., wrapping individual fluorescent tubes in layers of a neutral-density filter such as cheese cloth) to more technical and expensive alternatives (e.g., electronically modulated lamp control systems). These choices should be determined according to the goals of the particular experiment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230, USA. sflint@uidaho.edu
authors.forename: Stephan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Flint
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ryel
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hudelson
authors.forename: Martyn M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Caldwell
mesh_terms: D004780:Environment, Controlled; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D063245:Plant Development; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010944:Plants / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays