title: Retrieving randomized controlled trials from medline: a comparison of 38 published search filters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  People search medline for trials of healthcare interventions for clinical decisions, or to produce systematic reviews, practice guidelines, or technology assessments. Finding all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with little extraneous material is challenging.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide comparative data on the operating characteristics of search filters designed to retrieve RCTs from medline.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 38 filters. The testing database comprises handsearching data from 161 clinical journals indexed in medline. Sensitivity, specificity and precision were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of terms and operating characteristics varied considerably. Comparing the retrieval against the single term 'randomized controlled trials.pt.' (sensitivity for retrieving RCTs, 93.7%), 24 of 38 filters had statistically higher sensitivity; 6 had a sensitivity of at least 99.0%. Four other filters had specificities (non retrieval of non-RCTs) that were statistically not different or better than the single term (97.6%). Precision was poor: only two filters had precision (proportion of retrieved articles that were RCTs) statistically similar to that of the single term (56.4%)-all others were lower. Filters with more search terms often had lower specificity, especially at high sensitivities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many RCT filters exist (n = 38). These comparative data can direct the choice of an RCT filter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. mckib@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Kathleen Ann
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McKibbon
authors.forename: Nancy Lou
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Wilczynski
authors.forename: Robert Brian
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Haynes
mesh_terms: D000043:Abstracting and Indexing / Q000379:methods*; D015706:Bibliometrics; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D016239:MEDLINE; D046650:Medical Subject Headings; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013358:Subject Headings; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014481:United States