title: Application of synchronous fluorescence to parchment characterization.
abstract: A nondestructive method for quantitative parchment characterization and sensitive indication of its deterioration stage was developed. Synchronous fluorescence (SF) measurements were applied for the first time to parchment samples. The method provides detailed spectral features, which are useful for parchment characterization. The discrimination of parchment samples into groups (modern, historical, and artificially aged) was successfully performed. The SF spectra could be resolved into specific fluorophores, which were related to the parchment condition. The spectral data indicate a continuous change in the collagen-to-gelatin ratio during the aging process. Depth-resolved synchronous fluorescence spectra were also measured. The data indicate that parchments possess a layered structure, and the dominant fluorophore in the upper layer is different from those in the lower layers. Layer-resolved profiling allows for quantifying the contribution of each fluorophore in each given layer. This way, significant differences between modern, artificially aged, and historical samples can be observed.
authors.affiliation: Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Grand Water Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
authors.forename: Bella
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dolgin
authors.forename: Valery
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bulatov
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schechter