title: PI3Kgamma regulates cartilage damage in chronic inflammatory arthritis.
abstract: The gamma isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kgamma) has been viewed as restricted to leukocytes mediating the regulation of chemokine-induced migration and recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. In line with the observation that PI3Kgamma-deficient mice display defects in adaptive immunity, inhibition of PI3Kgamma reduces synovial inflammation in the collagen-induced arthritis mouse model of inflammatory arthritis [rheumatoid arthritis (RA)], which has been attributed to reduced influx of inflammatory cells. Challenging the concept of leukocyte-restricted PI3Kgamma function, we report here a novel, nonredundant function of PI3Kgamma as an important regulator of fibroblast-induced cartilage destruction during chronic destructive arthritis. We show that in human tumor necrosis factor transgenic mice, the loss of PI3Kgamma leads to a milder inflammatory arthritis. Interestingly, PI3Kgamma deficiency does not alter the recruitment of inflammatory cells, but significantly reduces cartilage damage through reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinases in fibroblasts and chondrocytes. In vitro analyses demonstrate that the decreased invasiveness of fibroblasts is mediated by reduced phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Using a PI3Kgamma specific inhibitor, these data are confirmed in human synovial fibroblasts from patients with RA who exhibit a disease-specific up-regulation of PI3Kgamma. Our data indicate that in addition to mediating the recruitment of inflammatory cells, PI3Kgamma is an important regulator of fibroblast-mediated joint destruction in RA and suggest that specific inhibitors of PI3Kgamma will interfere with the activation of RA synovial fibroblasts and reduce cartilage destruction in RA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayer
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pundt
authors.forename: Marvin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wunrau
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kühnel
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Neugebauer
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strietholt
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zwerina
authors.forename: Adelheid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korb
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Penninger
authors.forename: Leo A B
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Joosten
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rückle
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schett
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pap
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism; D002356:Cartilage / Q000473:pathology*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D058544:Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D058544:Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; C546760:PIK3CG protein, human; C546764:Pik3cg protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D045726:Metalloproteases