title: Chronic angiotensin-(1-7) administration improves vascular remodeling after angioplasty through the regulation of the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)] has been reported to attenuate neointimal formation after vascular injury and stent implantation in rats, but the mechanism remains mostly unresolved. Interestingly, the levels of circulating transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) after myocardial infarction were suppressed by ANG-(1-7), which suggests a possible downstream target for the anti-remodeling action of ANG-(1-7). Our study focused on the effects of ANG-(1-7) on vascular remodeling, including neointimal formation and collagen synthesis, and determining whether or not these effects were dependent upon the TGF-beta signaling pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits underwent sham surgery or angioplasty in abdominal aorta. The animals were divided into four groups, which were sham, control, ANG-(1-7), and ANG-(1-7)+A-779. Subsequently, an osmotic minipump was implanted to deliver saline, ANG-(1-7) (576 microg kg(-1)d(-1)) or ANG-(1-7)+A-779 (576 microg kg(-1)d(-1)) for 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ANG-(1-7) group displayed a significant reduction in neointimal thickness (207.51+/-16.70 microm vs. 448.08+/-15.30 microm, P<0.001), neointimal area (0.266+/-0.009 mm(2) vs. 0.408+/-0.002 mm(2), P<0.001), and restenosis rate (28.13+/-2.74% vs. 40.13+/-2.74%, P<0.001) when compared to the control group. ANG-(1-7) also inhibited collagen synthesis by significantly decreasing the mRNA expression of Collagen I and Collagen III (vs.
  
  
  METHODS
  0.2190+/-0.0036 vs. 0.3852+/-0.0212, P<0.001 and 1.1328+/-0.0554 vs. 1.7378+/-0.1164, P<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the expression of TGF-beta1 and phosphor-Smad2 (p-Smad2) were significantly suppressed by ANG-(1-7) (vs.
  
  
  METHODS
  1.21+/-0.07 vs. 1.54+/-0.08, P<0.001 and 0.31+/-0.01 vs. 0.43+/-0.02, P<0.001, respectively), but no effect on p38 phosphorylation was observed. [d-Ala(7)]-ANG-(1-7) (A-779), showed a tendency to attenuate the anti-remodeling effects of ANG-(1-7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ANG-(1-7) decreases the amount of vascular remodeling, including a reduction in neointimal formation and collagen synthesis, after angioplasty in rabbits. The responsible mechanism may function through the possible down-regulation of TGF-beta1 levels and inhibition of the Smad2 pathway.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58# Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wutao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Weiyan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiuyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: Jian Gui
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D017130:Angioplasty; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D024061:Collagen Type III; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta