title: Serum concentrations of vitamin A and oxidative stress in critically ill patients with sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality in patients in Intensive Care Units. As a result of the systemic inflammatory response and of the decrease of the aerobic metabolism in sepsis, the oxidative stress occurs. Vitamin A is recognized by the favorable effect that it exerts on the immune response to infections and antioxidant action.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To bring new elements for reviewing of the nutritional support addressed to critically ill patients with sepsis, with emphasis to vitamin A.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critically ill patients with sepsis had circulating concentrations of retinol, beta-carotene, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and C-reactive protein (CRP) measured in Medicosurgical Intensive Care Unit in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The patients were divided into two groups: patients who were receiving nutritional support and those without support. At the act of the patient's admission, APACHE II score was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  46 patients were studied (with diet n = 24 and without diet n = 22). Reduced levels of retinol and beta-carotene were found in 65.2% and 73.9% of the patients, respectively. Among the patients who presented lower concentrations of CRP it was found higher beta-carotene inadequacy (64.8%) and 50% of retinol inadequacy. There was no significant difference as regards retinol, TBARS and APACHE II levels among the patients with and without nutritional support. However, higher levels of CRP (p = 0.001) and lower levels of serum beta-carotene (p = 0.047) were found in patients without nutritional support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Septic patients presented an important inadequacy of retinol and beta-carotene. The present study bring elements to the elaboration/review of the nutritional protocol directed to the group studied, especially as regards vitamin A intake.
authors.affiliation: Vitamin A Research Group (Grupo de Pesquisa em Vitamina A-GPVA), Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro (INJC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. carlafrancanut@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ribeiro Nogueira
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramalho
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lameu
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Da Silva Franca
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Accioly
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D002097:C-Reactive Protein