title: Multicenter dizygotic twin cohort study confirms two linkage susceptibility loci for body mass index at 3q29 and 7q36 and identifies three further potential novel loci.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify common loci and potential genetic variants affecting body mass index (BMI, kg m(-2)) in study populations originating from Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  We combined genome-wide linkage scans of six cohorts from Australia, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom with an approximately 10-cM microsatellite marker map. Variance components linkage analysis was carried out with age, sex and country of origin as covariates.
  
  
  METHODS
  The GenomEUtwin consortium consists of twin cohorts from eight countries (Australia, Denmark, the Netherlands, Finland, Italy, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom) with a total data collection of more than 500,000 monozygotic and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. Variance due to early-life events and the environment is reduced within twin pairs, which makes DZ pairs highly valuable for linkage studies of complex traits. This study totaled 4401 European-originated twin families (10,535 individuals) from six countries (Australia, Denmark, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found suggestive evidence for a quantitative trait locus on 3q29 and 7q36 in the combined sample of DZ twins (multipoint logarithm of odds score (MLOD) 2.6 and 2.4, respectively). Two individual cohorts showed strong evidence independently for three additional loci: 16q23 (MLOD=3.7) and 2p24 (MLOD=3.4) in the Dutch cohort and 20q13 (MLOD=3.2) in the Finnish cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linkage analysis of the combined data in this large twin cohort study provided evidence for suggestive linkage to BMI. In addition, two cohorts independently provided significant evidence of linkage to three new loci. The results of our study suggest a smaller environmental variance between DZ twins than full siblings, with a corresponding increase in heritability for BMI as well as an increase in linkage signal in well-replicated regions. The results are consistent with the possibility of locus heterogeneity for some genomic regions, and indicate a lack of major common quantitative trait locus variants affecting BMI in European populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK. johannes@sanger.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kettunen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perola
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Cornes
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benyamin
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boomsma
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authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.forename: J-J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hottenga
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Slagboom
authors.forename: K
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authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Kyvik
authors.forename: T I A
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: P K E
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Magnusson
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authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: E
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authors.lastname: Widen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Silventoinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaprio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palotie
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peltonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D014427:Twins / Q000235:genetics; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics