title: Evaluation of relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory mediators and ocular injuries induced by sulfur mustard: Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study.
abstract: Ocular damages induced by sulfur mustard (SM) are the important problems in exposed patients. The damaging mechanisms are not clearly understood. In the present study the relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory mediators and ocular injuries induced by SM was evaluated. Bulbar conjunctiva and limbal tissue abnormalities were significantly more frequent in the expose versus control group (P=0.004 and 0.048 respectively). The serum levels of IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha in the exposed group with and without Slit lamp findings were significantly lower than their counterpart in the control group. The serum levels of IL-1beta in the exposed group with Slit lamp findings were significantly lower than their counterpart in the control group. The serum levels of IL-1beta in the controls with Slit lamp findings were significantly higher than the controls without Slit lamp findings. The serum levels of IL-1Ra and MMP-9 in the exposed group with and without Slit lamp findings do not display any significant differences as compared to the similar controls. The serum levels of IL-6 in the exposed group with or without Slit lamp findings were significantly lower than their counterpart in the control group (P=0.048 and 0.008 respectively). The serum titers of the CRP and RF in the exposed group without Slit lamp findings were significantly elevated versus their counterpart in the control group (P=0.004 and 0.011 respectively). The serum levels of these inflammatory cytokines except for IL-1Ra and MMP-9, decreased in SM exposed subject independent of ocular problems. More local studies on the eyes are needed to clarify the exact role of this cytokines in ocular problems of chemical.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shahed University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.forename: Tooba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ghazanfari
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yaraee
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghassemi-Broumand
authors.forename: Mohammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Soroush
authors.forename: Shahryar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pourfarzam
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Masdari
authors.forename: Soghrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faghihzadeh
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babaei
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Javadi
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiuchi
authors.forename: Mohammad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Naghizadeh
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Owlia
authors.forename: Zuhair M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007492:Iran; D008032:Limbic System / Q000473:pathology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D009151:Mustard Gas