title: daf-7-related TGF-beta homologues from Trichostrongyloid nematodes show contrasting life-cycle expression patterns.
abstract: The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) gene family regulates critical processes in animal development, and plays a crucial role in regulating the mammalian immune response. We aimed to identify TGF-beta homologues from 2 laboratory model nematodes (Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis) and 2 major parasites of ruminant livestock (Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta). Parasite cDNA was used as a template for gene-specific PCR and RACE. Homologues of the TGH-2 subfamily were isolated, and found to differ in length (301, 152, 349 and 305 amino acids respectively), with variably truncated N-terminal pre-proteins. All contained conserved C-terminal active domains (>85% identical over 115 amino acids) containing 9 cysteine residues, as in C. elegans DAF-7, Brugia malayi TGH-2 and mammalian TGF-beta. Surprisingly, only the H. contortus homologue retained a conventional signal sequence, absent from shorter proteins of other species. RT-PCR assays of transcription showed that in H. contortus and N. brasiliensis expression was maximal in the infective larval stage, and very low in adult worms. In contrast, in H. polygyrus and T. circumcincta, tgh-2 transcription is higher in adults than infective larvae. The molecular evolution of this gene family in parasitic nematodes has diversified the pre-protein and life-cycle expression patterns of TGF-beta homologues while conserving the structure of the active domain.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, and Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: McSorley
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harcus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nisbet
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Maizels
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009351:Nematospiroides dubius; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014251:Trichostrongyloidea / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; C102095:DAF-7 protein, C elegans; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta