title: The protective effect of thymoquinone, an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, against renal injury: a review.
abstract: Thymoquinone (TQ), 2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone, is one of the most active ingredients of Nigella Sativa seeds. TQ has a variety of beneficial properties including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Studies have provided original observations on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of renal diseases such as glomerulonephritis and drug-induced nephrotoxicity. The renoprotective effects of TQ have been demonstrated in animal models. Also, TQ has been used successfully in treating allergic diseases in humans. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of reactive oxygen species in renal pathophysiology and the intriguing possibility for a role of TQ in the prevention of and/or protection from renal injury in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ragheb
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.forename: Walid Shehab
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Eldin
authors.forename: Fawzy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Elbarbry
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gazarin
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shoker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016227:Benzoquinones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C003466:thymoquinone