title: BAG1 modulates huntingtin toxicity, aggregation, degradation, and subcellular distribution.
abstract: Bcl-2-associated athanogene-1 (BAG1) is a multifunctional protein delivering chaperone-recognized unfolded substrates to the proteasome for degradation. It has been shown to be essential for proper CNS development in vivo, playing a crucial role in neuronal survival and differentiation. With regard to Huntington's disease, a sequestration of BAG1 into inclusion bodies and a neuroprotective effect in double transgenic mice have been reported. Here, we show that BAG1 reduces aggregation and accelerates degradation of mutant huntingtin (htt-mut). Moreover, it reduces nuclear levels of htt-mut. This effect can be overcome by over-expression of seven in absentia homolog 1, an E3 ligase negatively regulated by BAG1 and known to be involved in nuclear import of htt-mut. In vivo, BAG1 proved to be protective in a Drosophila melanogaster Huntington's disease model, preventing photoreceptor cell loss induced by htt-mut. In summary, we present BAG1 as a therapeutic tool modulating key steps in htt toxicity in vitro and ameliorating htt toxicity in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Göttingen, Waldweg, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sroka
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deeg
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Jörg B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bähr
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kermer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: C091732:BCL2-associated athanogene 1 protein; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C086055:HTT protein, human; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D007976:Leupeptins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C484442:Siah1a protein, mouse; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde