title: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling blockade promotes neuronal induction and dopaminergic differentiation in embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent not only a promising source of cells for cell replacement therapy, but also a tool to study the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular signaling and dopaminergic (DA) neuron development. One of the main regulators of DA neuron development is Wnt signaling. Here we used mouse ESCs (mESCs) lacking Wnt1 or the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) to decipher the action of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling on DA neuron development in mESCs. We provide evidence that the absence of LRP6 abrogates responsiveness of mESCs to Wnt ligand stimulation. Using two differentiation protocols, we show that the loss of Wnt1 or LRP6 increases neuroectodermal differentiation and the number of mESC-derived DA neurons. These effects were similar to those observed following treatment of mESCs with the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway inhibitor Dickkopf1 (Dkk1). Combined, our results show that decreases in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling enhance neuronal and DA differentiation of mESCs. These findings suggest that: 1) Wnt1 or LRP6 are not strictly required for the DA differentiation of mESCs in vitro, 2) the levels of morphogens and their activity in ESC cultures need to be optimized to improve DA differentiation, and 3) by enhancing the differentiation and number of ESC-derived DA neurons with Dkk1, the application of ESCs for cell replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease may be improved.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lukás
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cajánek
authors.forename: Diogo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Liste
authors.forename: Clare L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Parish
authors.forename: Vítezslav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bryja
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arenas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D026502:LDL-Receptor Related Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D060488:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051155:Wnt1 Protein / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C501127:Dkk1 protein, mouse; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D026502:LDL-Receptor Related Proteins; D060488:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6; C555476:Lrp6 protein, mouse; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; C495246:Wnt1 protein, mouse; D051176:beta Catenin; D004298:Dopamine