title: Protective effect of hesperidin and naringin against 3-nitropropionic acid induced Huntington's like symptoms in rats: possible role of nitric oxide.
abstract: 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a well known experimental model to study Huntington's disease (HD) and associated neuropsychiatric problems. Present study has been designed to explore the protective effects of hesperidin, naringin, and their nitric oxide mechanism (if any) against 3-nitropropionic acid induced neurotoxicity in rats. Systemic 3-nitropropionic acid (10 mg/kg) treatment for 14 days in rats significantly induced HD like symptoms in rats as indicated by reduced locomotor activity, body weight, grip strength, oxidative defense and mitochondrial complex enzymes (complex-I, -II, and -IV) activities in striatum. Naringin and hesperidin pretreatment significantly attenuated behavioral alterations, oxidative stress and mitochondrial enzymes complex dysfunction in 3-NP treated group. L-Arginine (50 mg/kg) pretreatment with lower dose of hesperidin (50 mg/kg) and naringin (50 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the protective effect of hesperidin and naringin respectively. Whereas L-NAME (10 mg/kg), a non-selective NOS inhibitor pretreatment with hesperidin (50 mg/kg) and naringin (50 mg/kg) significantly potentiated their protective effect which was significant as compared to their effect per se. Study highlights the therapeutic potential of hesperidin and naringin against Huntington's like conditions and further indicates that these drugs might act through nitric oxide mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India. kumaruips@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000378:metabolism; D042963:Electron Transport Complex II / Q000378:metabolism; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D044950:Flavanones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D011422:Propionates / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D044950:Flavanones; D009573:Nitrites; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011422:Propionates; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006569:Hesperidin; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D042963:Electron Transport Complex II; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I; C005274:naringin; C015392:3-nitropropionic acid