title: Preparation of carbon nanotube bioconjugates for biomedical applications.
abstract: Biomedical applications of carbon nanotubes have attracted much attention in recent years. Here, we summarize our previously developed protocols for functionalization and bioconjugation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for various biomedical applications including biological imaging; using nanotubes as Raman, photoluminescence and photoacoustic labels; sensing using nanotubes as Raman tags and drug delivery. Sonication of SWNTs in solutions of phospholipid-polyethylene glycol (PL-PEG) is our most commonly used protocol of SWNT functionalization. Compared with other frequently used covalent strategies, our non-covalent functionalization protocol largely retains the intrinsic optical properties of SWNTs, which are useful in various biological imaging and sensing applications. Functionalized SWNTs are conjugated with targeting ligands, including peptides and antibodies for specific cell labeling in vitro or tumor targeting in vivo. Radio labels are introduced for tracking and imaging of SWNTs in real time in vivo. Moreover, SWNTs can be conjugated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or loaded with chemotherapy drugs for drug delivery. These procedures take various times ranging from 1 to 5 d.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. zliu@suda.edu.cn
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tabakman
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D020811:Biomedical Technology / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008024:Ligands; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols