title: Multiple forms of rhythmic movements in an adolescent boy with rhythmic movement disorder.
abstract: Rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) refers to a group of stereotyped, repetitive movements involving large muscles, usually occurring prior to the onset of sleep and persisting into sleep. RMD more commonly exhibits only one or two forms of rhythmic movements (RM) in most reported cases. However, multiple RM forms of RMD occurring in a patient in the same night have rarely been reported. In this report, we present the unique case of a 15-year-old boy with RMD affected by multiple forms of RM in the same night, including four known forms (i.e., body rocking, head banging, leg rolling, and rhythmic feet movements) and two new kinds of RM (bilateral rhythmic arm rocking and rhythmic hands movements). Two video-polysomnographic recordings were performed in this patient before starting pharmacologic treatment and after long-term oral clonazepam treatment (1.0mg nightly for 3 months). The characteristics of RMD with multiple RM forms and the effectiveness of clonazepam on the RM episodes and polysomnographic findings observed in our patient are discussed. This report raises the fact that a patient with RMD may present with multiple complex rhythmic movements disrupting sleep, which emphasizes that better understanding of the clinical features of complex rhythmic movements during sleep in primary care settings is essential for early clinical diagnosis and optimal management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710038, China.
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jianting
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gesheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhuyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D019956:Stereotypic Movement Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D002998:Clonazepam