title: Determination of banned Sudan dyes in food samples by molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A method for molecularly imprinted SPE of banned Sudan azo-dyes from food samples was investigated. The molecularly imprinted polymer was obtained by suspension polymerization using 1-(4-chlorophenyl)azonaphthalen-2-ol as the mimic template. The molecular recognition properties of imprinted beads were evaluated for use as a SPE sorbent, in order to develop a selective extraction protocol for the Sudan class of dyes. The optimized extraction protocol resulted in a reliable molecularly imprinted SPE (MISPE) method suitable for HPLC analysis. It was selective for the main analyte, Sudan I, and the related azo-dyes Sudan II, III, IV, Sudan Red B, and Sudan Red 7B, while the permitted azo-dyes Allura Red AC, Neococcin, and Sunset Yellow FCF were not extracted. The method was tested for Sudan I, II, III, and IV in five different food samples (hot chilli pepper, hot chilli tomato sauce, sausage, tomato sauce, and hard boiled egg yolk) at three concentration levels (15, 100, and 300 microg/g). It demonstrated itself to be insensitive to the presence of different complex matrices, precise, accurate, and with good recovery rates (85-101%). The LOD and LOQ were satisfactory for most analytical determinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. claudio.baggiani@unito.it
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baggiani
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anfossi
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baravalle
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giovannoli
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giraudi
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barolo
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viscardi
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005502:Food; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D015394:Molecular Structure; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D005505:Food Coloring Agents; C033003:sudan red