title: Soluble CTLA-4 receptor an immunological marker of Graves' disease and severity of ophthalmopathy is associated with CTLA-4 Jo31 and CT60 gene polymorphisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder with genetic and environmental background. CTLA-4 is a candidate gene for thyroid autoimmunity. Increased serum levels of soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) were found in some autoimmune diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between sCTLA-4 level and clinical manifestation of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), thyroid status, and CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum sCTLA-4 concentrations were determined in 93 GO patients and 93 healthy controls. In the GO group, CTLA-4 gene was genotyped in five polymorphic sites: g.319C>T, c.49A>G, CT60 by means of PRC-RFLP, Jo31, and g.*642AT(8_33) by means of minisequencing assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum sCTLA-4 level was significantly higher in the GO group than in controls (median: 7.94 vs 0.00 ng/ml, P=0.000001). This level was higher in severe than in nonsevere GO (median: 10.3 vs 5.6 ng/ml, P=0.01). sCTLA-4 concentration was related neither to the activity of GO nor to thyroid function. Elevated sCTLA-4 levels were observed in carriers Jo31[G] allele (genotype GG+GT) as compared with subjects with an absence of the [G] allele (TT genotype; median: 9.18 vs 4.0 ng/ml, P=0.02). Also patients possessing CT60[G] allele (genotype GG+GA) had higher serum sCTLA-4 levels than subjects who lack the [G] allele (AA genotype; median: 8.73 vs 2.28 ng/ml, P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was shown for the first time that increased serum concentration of sCTLA-4 correlate with the severity of GO. Genetic variation in the CTLA-4 gene region in GD patients at least partially determines the level of sCTLA-4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Isotope Therapy, Medical University, ul. Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daroszewski
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karabon
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Frydecka
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jonkisz
authors.forename: Miroslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slowik
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bolanowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D004247:DNA; D013974:Thyroxine