title: Occurrence of physiologic gaze-evoked nystagmus at small angles of gaze.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physiologic gaze-evoked nystagmus (GEN) is one of many normal eye movements seen on the neurologic examination. GEN occurring at gaze angles >45 degrees is considered a positive sign in the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Test (HGNT) used by United States police officers to determine alcohol intoxication.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors enrolled 56 subjects after a brief survey and a neurologic examination yielding normal
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were directed to look at small targets on the wall in primary gaze and at 10 degrees intervals until they reached extreme gaze bilaterally. Eye movements were recorded using infrared video-oculography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to a high incidence of physiologic GEN at gaze angles 30 degrees and greater (at 30 degrees, n = 43%; at 40 degrees, n = 73%; at extreme gaze, n = 93%), the authors demonstrated that physiologic GEN occurs at smaller gaze angles (at 10 degrees, n = 21%; at 20 degrees, n = 34%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant number of subjects with normal vision have physiologic GEN at gaze angles as small as 10 degrees. This could potentially refute the "failing" grade that is the hallmark of the HGNT and propagates further testing of the validity of this test in the conviction of intoxicated drivers.
authors.affiliation: New Jersey Neuroscience Institute, JFK Hospital, Edison, NJ 08818, USA. Chadw77@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Petrock
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009760:Nystagmus, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology