title: Development and psychometric properties of the HPV Impact Profile (HIP) to assess the psychosocial burden of HPV.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A comprehensive questionnaire designed to assess the full spectrum of potential human papillomavirus (HPV)-related psychosocial effects in women does not exist. The HPV Impact Profile (HIP) was developed to determine the psychosocial impact of HPV infection and related interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Draft instrument items and domains were developed using a literature review and cognitive debriefing interviews with women who had experienced HPV-related conditions. An importance rating questionnaire guided item ranking and reduction. A draft questionnaire was pilot-tested for comprehension and ease of completion. Psychometric evaluation of the final HIP was conducted in a survey of 583 women. Data quality, item acceptability, scale acceptability, reliability, and discriminate construct validity were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The final HIP contained 29 items rated on a 0-10 point discretized visual analog scales grouped into seven hypothesized domains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total HIP scores ranged from 0 (no impact) to 100 (worst impact). Data quality was high, with missing data for items ranging from 0 to 0.7% and over 99% of the scores were computable. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.64 to 0.90 and was > or =0.7 for 5/7 domains. Discriminant construct validity was demonstrated. Appropriate modifications could potentially be made to improve some aspects of the HIP, including modification to include other HPV diseases such as head and neck, anal, and vulvovaginal cancers and HPV disease in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The disease-specific HIP has favorable reliability and construct validity and a good ability to discriminate among disease severity.
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA. christopher_mast@merck.com
authors.forename: T Christopher
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.forename: Xingshu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demuro-Mercon
authors.forename: Holly W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Sings
authors.forename: Daron G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ferris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000502:physiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult