title: Treatment of progressive stroke with tirofiban--experience in 35 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In an open pilot study, we studied the safety and efficacy of treatment with the nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist tirofiban in patients with progressive ischemic stroke. The rationale for the use of tirofiban in progressive stroke is the effect on vessel patency and microcircu lation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with acute ischemic stroke and progression of > or =2 points on the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) in the first 96 h after stroke onset were treated with intravenous tirofiban. Serial NIHSS measurements and intra- and extracerebral bleeding complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Progressive stroke was observed in 35 patients with a mean progression of 5.4 (SD 4.1) points on the NIHSS. No severe bleeding complications occurred during tirofiban treatment. Analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between stroke etiology (small-vessel vs. large-vessel occlusion) and NIHSS during treatment with tirofiban: patients with small-vessel occlusion showed significant improvement, while patients with large-vessel occlusion did not. The mean NIHSS improvement after tirofiban infusion was 3.4 (SD 3.4) for small-vessel occlusion versus 0.8 (SD 4.2) for large-vessel occlusion (p = 0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with tirofiban was well tolerated in patients with progressive stroke. However, only patients with small-vessel occlusion recovered significantly during infusion of tirofiban. The effect of tirofiban in progressive stroke and different subgroups of stroke deserves to be studied in a randomized controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik, Johannes-Wesling-Klinikum Minden, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Minden, Deutschland. joerg.philipps@klinikum-minden.de
authors.forename: Jorg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Philipps
authors.forename: Gotz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomalla
authors.forename: Jorg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glahn
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarze
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rother
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000077466:Tirofiban; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014443:Tyrosine; D000077466:Tirofiban