title: BRCA1-deficient mammary tumor cells are dependent on EZH2 expression and sensitive to Polycomb Repressive Complex 2-inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of breast cancer is becoming more individualized with the recognition of tumor subgroups that respond differently to available therapies. Breast cancer 1 gene (BRCA1)-deficient tumors are usually of the basal subtype and associated with poor survival rates, highlighting the need for more effective therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated a mouse model that closely mimics breast cancer arising in BRCA1-mutation carriers to better understand the molecular mechanism of tumor progression and tested whether targeting of the Polycomb-group protein EZH2 would be a putative therapy for BRCA1-deficient tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene expression analysis demonstrated that EZH2 is overexpressed in BRCA1-deficient mouse mammary tumors. By immunohistochemistry we show that an increase in EZH2 protein levels is also evident in tumors from BRCA1-mutation carriers. EZH2 is responsible for repression of genes driving differentiation and could thus be involved in the undifferentiated phenotype of these tumors. Importantly, we show that BRCA1-deficient cancer cells are selectively dependent on their elevated EZH2 levels. In addition, a chemical inhibitor of EZH2, 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), is about 20-fold more effective in killing BRCA1-deficient cells compared to BRCA1-proficient mammary tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate by specific knock-down experiments that EZH2 overexpression is functionally relevant in BRCA1-deficient breast cancer cells. The effectiveness of a small molecule inhibitor indicates that EZH2 is a druggable target. The overexpression of EZH2 in all basal-like breast cancers warrants further investigation of the potential for targeting the genetic make-up of this particular breast cancer type.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Julianpuppe@gmx.de
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puppe
authors.forename: Rinske
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drost
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Joosse
authors.forename: Bastiaan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: Paulien
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cornelissen-Steijger
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nederlof
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jonkers
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Lohuizen
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pietersen
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D005260:Female; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019313:BRCA1 Protein; C492913:BRCA1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C048460:3-deazaneplanocin; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; C498410:Ezh2 protein, mouse; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D000241:Adenosine