title: Observational, open-label study of type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients switching from human insulin to insulin analogue basal-bolus regimens: insights from the PREDICTIVE study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of insulin detemir (IDet) in the observational and non-interventional PREDICTIVE study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2923 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes on basal-bolus regimens were followed for 6 months: Group (1) NPH + human insulin (HI) bolus switching to IDet + analogue bolus (n = 349); Group (2) NPH + HI bolus switching to IDet + HI bolus (n = 500); Group (3) NPH + analogue bolus switching to IDet + analogue bolus (n = 1144); Group (4) Glargine + analogue bolus switching to IDet + analogue bolus (n = 704). Primary endpoint was major hypoglycaemia; change in HbA(1c), fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose variability and bodyweight were secondary endpoints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These results need critical review due to the observational nature of the study (non-randomisation, no control group) as well as limitations of a possible study effect and the fact that some endpoints are based on patient recall, diaries or reports. Mean incidence of any hypoglycaemia was significantly reduced following the switch to insulin detemir therapy in all groups: the greatest reduction in total hypoglycaemia was in Group 1 from 42.38 to 20.28 episodes per patient-year (mean difference -22.10; p < 0.0001) and in nocturnal hypoglycaemia from 11.83 to 2.08 episodes/patient-year (mean difference -9.88; p < 0.0001). HbA(1c), FPG and FPG variability also improved significantly in all groups: the greatest reduction in HbA(1c) was in Group 1 from 8.13 to 7.42% (mean difference -0.71; p < 0.0001). Bodyweight was reduced in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whichever basal-bolus insulins were previously used, switching to insulin detemir as the basal insulin component resulted in significant lowering of hypoglycaemia, HbA(1c), FPG and bodyweight over a period of 6 months in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. Switching to an all-analogue regimen may be the most effective option when moving patients from human insulin-based basal-bolus regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Aarhus C, Denmark. kjeld.hermansen@aarhus.rm.dk
authors.forename: Kjeld
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hermansen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dornhorst
authors.forename: Seamus
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sreenan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D028761:Withholding Treatment
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting