title: Variability in the range of inter-anterior superior iliac spine distance and its correlation with femoral head centre. A prospective computed tomography study of 200 adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) is commonly used to estimate the centre of the femoral head and assess limb alignment during surgical procedures. This study aimed to determine the range of inter-anterior superior iliac spine distances (IADs) and inter-femoral head centre distances (IFDs) among individuals and ascertain whether there is correlation between the IFD and the IAD. We also sought to determine whether gender, height and body mass index (BMI) had any influence on IAD and IFD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively measured IAD and IFD in 200 adults, using transverse computed tomography (CT) scans done for medical causes. We also calculated the distance between the pelvic midline and the centre of the femoral head (XY distance) from the measured IFD. The influence of gender, height and body-mass index on IAD and IFD, and the correlation of IAD with IFD, were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall mean IAD, IFD and XY distances were 22.7+/-1.6 cm, 16.0+/-0.8 cm and 8.0+/-0.4 cm, respectively. There was wide variation within the IAD range with 50% (100/200) of the subjects having their IAD within +/-10 mm of the mean compared to 75.5% (151/200) of the subjects with IFD within +/-10 mm of the mean. The probability that the mean XY distance would fall within 10 mm of the true femoral head centre in all subjects was 100%. The gender difference in IAD and IFD was statistically significant (P=0.03 and P<0.001, respectively), height and BMI had no influence, and the correlation of IAD with IFD was weak (0.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the range of IADs showed wide variation among subjects, this study clearly demonstrated the narrow range of the XY distance and IFD in the study population and provides a useful and accurate basis for a new method to determine the femoral head centre clinically and intraoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, India. arunmullaji@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mullaji
authors.forename: Gautam M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kanna
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*