title: Association of BMI and fasting insulin with cardiovascular disease risk factors in seven-year-old Icelandic children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  . To look at overweight and common cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and associations with body mass index (BMI) and fasting insulin in seven-year-old schoolchildren in Reykjavik, Iceland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of seven-year-old schoolchildren.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six elementary schools in Reykjavik.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children attending second grade in these six schools were invited to participate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overweight, fasting serum insulin, CVD risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 14% of the participating children were classified as overweight. Overweight children had higher fasting insulin, higher fasting glucose, and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Furthermore, they had significantly lower total cholesterol (TC), lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) but a similar TC/LDL ratio to normal-weight children. The factors that were strongly associated with BMI were serum fasting insulin, systolic blood pressure (SBP), HDL and fasting glucose, while the sum of four skinfolds, triglycerides, glucose, and LDL were highly associated with fasting insulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overweight children are likelier to have unfavourable levels of common CVD risk factors included in metabolic syndrome, but surprisingly had lower LDL and TC. Skinfold thickness, higher triglyceride and glucose levels, and being female were associated with increased serum insulin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. hrafnkelsson@hotmail.is
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hrafnkelsson
authors.forename: Kristjan T H
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.forename: Emil L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.forename: Erlingur
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johannsson
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008019:Life Style; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids