title: Immobilization of non-point phosphorus using stabilized magnetite nanoparticles with enhanced transportability and reactivity in soils.
abstract: Laboratory batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the immobilization of phosphorus (P) in soils using synthetic magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-NP). Although CMC-stabilized magnetite particles were at the nanoscale, phosphorus removal by the nanoparticles was less than that of microparticles (MP) without the stabilizer due to the reduced P reactivity caused by the coating. The P reactivity of CMC-NP was effectively recovered when cellulase was added to degrade the coating. For subsurface non-point P pollution control for a water pond, it is possible to inject CMC-NP to form an enclosed protection wall in the surrounding soils. Non-stabilized "nanomagnetite" could not pass through the soil column under gravity because it quickly agglomerated into microparticles. The immobilized P was 30% in the control soil column, 33% when treated by non-stabilized MP, 45% when treated by CMC-NP, and 73% when treated by both CMC-NP and cellulase.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. gpan@rcees.ac.cn
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dongye
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide