title: Penile length of term newborn infants in multiracial Malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Micropenis may be an important sign of underlying hypogonadism or pituitary hypofunction in the neonatal period. Penile lengths of normal newborns have been reported in many Western populations. However, the data may not be applicable in the Asian or the multiracial Malaysian population. Our study aimed to establish the normal penile length and testicular volume in term newborn infants in the major ethnic groups in Malaysia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The stretched penile length and testicular volume were measured in 340 normal term newborn infants (195 Malays, 129 Chinese and 16 Indians).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean penile length in Malay term newborn infants was 35 +/- 4 mm, which was similar to Chinese infants. The mean testicular volume was 2.5 +/- 0.6 ml in Malay and 2.4 +/- 0.5 ml in Chinese infants. There was no significant difference between the groups. The sample size for the Indian group during the study period was inadequate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using -2.5 standard deviations as the cut-off for micropenis, a Malay or Chinese newborn infant in Malaysia with a penile length of less than 25 mm is considered to have a micropenis and further evaluation is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. thting@media.upm.edu.my
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D044466:Asian People; D001724:Birth Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008296:Malaysia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013737:Testis / Q000033:anatomy & histology