title: (Cost)-effectiveness of self-treatment of exacerbations on the severity of exacerbations in patients with COPD: the COPE II study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease with a high prevalence and rapidly increasing incidence rates. The effect of self-treatment of COPD exacerbations on the severity of exacerbations during a 1-year period was examined and a cost-effectiveness analysis was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly allocated to four 2-hour self-management sessions, with or without training in self-treatment of exacerbations. Patients in the self-treatment group received an action plan with the possibility to initiate a course of prednisolone (with or without antibiotics). During follow-up, all participants kept a daily symptom diary. These provided the data to calculate the frequency of exacerbations, the number of exacerbation days and mean daily severity scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were analysed for 142 randomised patients (self-treatment: n = 70; control: n = 72). The frequency of exacerbations was identical in both study groups (mean (SD) 3.5 (2.7)). Patients in the self-treatment group reported fewer exacerbation days (median 31 (interquartile range (IQR) 8.9-67.5) in the self-treatment group vs 40 (IQR 13.3-88.2) in the control group; p = 0.064); the difference was significant in the group of patients with a high number of exacerbation days per year (>137 (90th percentile of the whole study population); p = 0.028). The mean severity score of an exacerbation day was equal in both groups. No between-group differences were found in health-related quality of life. Cost-effectiveness analyses showed that applying self-treatment saved euro154 per patient, with a trend towards a lower probability for hospital admissions (0.20/patient/year in the self-treatment group vs 0.33/patient/year in the control group; p = 0.388) and a significant reduction of health care contacts (5.37/patient/year in the self-treatment group vs 6.51/patient/year in the control group; p = 0.043).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-treatment of exacerbations incorporated in a self-management programme leads to fewer exacerbation days and lower costs.
authors.affiliation: Medisch Spectrum Twente, Department of Pulmonology, Enschede, The Netherlands. tanja.effing@health.sa.gov.au
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Effing
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kerstjens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Valk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zielhuis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Palen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D012648:Self Care / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D011239:Prednisolone