title: [A biomechanical comparison of polymethylmethacrylate-reinforced and expansive pedicle screws in pedicle-screw revisions].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Different techniques and choices exist for revision of pedicle screws, two of which are pedicle screw combined with cement augmentation and expansive pedicle screw fixation. This biomechanical study was designed to compare the pullout strengths of two different revision techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen lumbar vertebrae obtained from four calves (mean age 15 months) were divided into two groups equal in number. Monoaxial 6.0-mm pedicle screws were inserted into the right pedicles, and axial pullout testing was performed at a rate of 10 mm/min and failure strengths were recorded. Revision was performed with the same-sized pedicle screws reinforced with polymethylmethacrylate in group 1, and with 7.0-mm expansive pedicle screws in group 2, and pullout testing was repeated to record maximum revision pullout strengths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pullout strengths recorded before and after revision were significantly different in both groups, being 2,162.9+/-718.5 N and 2,794.3+/-979.2 N in group 1 (p=0.041) and 2,605.0+/-487.6 N and 3,327.1+/-640.8 N in group 2 (p=0.012), respectively. However, the mean pullout strengths recorded before and after revision did not differ significantly between the two groups (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that expansive pedicle screws 1 mm larger in diameter provide similar pullout strengths to those of same-sized, polymethylmethacrylate-reinforced screws in revision of pedicle screw fixation, suggesting that they can be preferred with the additional advantages of ease of application and avoiding risks for pedicle fracture and cement leakage.
authors.affiliation: Gaziosmanpasa University Medical School, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tokat,Turkey. borabostan@gmail.com
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bostan
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Esenkaya
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gunes
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asci
authors.forename: M Halidun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kelestemur
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001863:Bone Screws; D002417:Cattle; D019245:Compressive Strength; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate