title: [Effectiveness of PRECEDE model for health education in metabolic control and reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes type 2].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of PRECEDE model for health education, in the metabolic control and the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors, in type 2 diabetic patients followed for over two years in primary health care services.
  
  
  METHODS
  PRECEDE model for health education was used in 318 patients with type 2 diabetes, from five primary health care centres. The study was conducted during two years of monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After two years of follow-up was observed decrease in diastolic and systolic pressures (p < 0.05), as well as in levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05). Patients with good metabolic control (glycated hemoglobin A1c < 7% and LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dl), increased from 9.9% to 16.8% (p < 0,05). On the other hand, 27% of patients improved their level of therapeutic adherence, and there was a decreased in the number of patients with microalbuminuria from 8.4% to 6.3% (p = 0.05). Finally, we found no differences in levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c, BMI and cardiovascular risk. Mortality after two years was 0.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRECEDE model for health education is a useful method in the management of type 2 diabetes, that reduce the levels of blood pressure both systolic and diastolic, decrease the lipid levels, and improve the level of therapeutic adherence in type 2 diabetic patients, followed for two years.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Formación e Investigación, Area 4 de Atención Primaria, SERMAS, Madrid, España. msalinero.gapm04@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salinero-Fort
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salinero-Fort
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arrieta-Blanco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrillo-de Santa Pau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martín-Madrazo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piñera-Tames
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Martínez
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Abánades-Herranz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000517:prevention & control; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D003971:Diastole; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin