title: The factor structure of a Chinese Geriatric Depression Scale-SF: use with alone elderly Chinese in Shanghai, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the factor structure of a Chinese version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) with a sample of community dwelling elderly Chinese living alone in Shanghai, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained between August and October 2008 through face-to-face interviews, using a structured survey questionnaire, from a random sample of 228 Chinese who were 60 years and older and living alone in one of the aging communities in Shanghai, China. Depressive symptoms were measured by a 15-item Chinese version Geriatric Depression Scale. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to examine the factor structure of the GDS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 30% of the elderly Chinese living alone reported having symptoms that indicated that they had mild or an above mild level of depression. Furthermore, the findings also indicated that the depression symptoms were loaded into a four-factor model: 1) positive and negative mood; 2) energy level; 3) inferiority; and 4) disinterested, explaining over 58% of the total variance of depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings presented evidence of the applicability of the GDS to elderly Chinese living alone in China. This instrument would be useful for identifying potential depression concerns among elderly Chinese living alone.
authors.affiliation: University of Calgary, Faculty of Social Work, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Wenyan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires