title: CDX2 in the formation of the trophectoderm lineage in primate embryos.
abstract: The first lineage decision during mammalian development is the establishment of the trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass (ICM). The caudal-type homeodomain protein Cdx2 is implicated in the formation and maintenance of the TE in the mouse. However, the role of CDX2 during early embryonic development in primates is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that CDX2 mRNA levels were detectable in rhesus monkey oocytes, significantly upregulated in pronuclear stage zygotes, diminished in early cleaving embryos but restored again in compact morula and blastocyst stages. CDX2 protein was localized to the nucleus of TE cells but absent altogether in the ICM. Knockdown of CDX2 in monkey oocytes resulted in formation of early blastocyst-like embryos that failed to expand and ceased development. However, the ICM lineage of CDX2-deficient embryos supported the isolation of functional embryonic stem cells. These results provide evidence that CDX2 plays an essential role in functional TE formation during primate embryonic development.
authors.affiliation: Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Hathaitip
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sritanaudomchai
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sparman
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clepper
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Sumita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gokhale
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hennebold
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hurlbut
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grompe
authors.forename: Shoukhrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitalipov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology; D051379:Mice; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; C491270:CDX2 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense