title: Stepped care treatment of postpartum depression: impact on treatment, health, and work outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to pilot a stepped collaborative care intervention for women with postpartum depression and evaluate health differences between self-diagnosed depressed and nondepressed women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred six mothers of infants from 7 clinics completed surveys at 0 to 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9 months postpartum and a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). SCID-positive depressed women were randomized to stepped collaborative care or usual care. Nine-month treatment, health, and work outcomes were evaluated for stepped care women (n = 19) versus control depressed women (n = 20), and self-diagnosed depressed women (n = 122) versus nondepressed women (n = 344).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five women had SCID-positive depression whereas 122 had self-diagnosed depression. For SCID-positive depressed women, the stepped care intervention increased mothers' awareness of their depression diagnosis (100% vs 61%; P = .008) and their receipt of treatment (94% vs 56%; P = .019). Self-diagnosed depressed women (vs nondepressed women) had more depressive symptoms and acute care visits, worse general and mental health, and greater impact of health problems on regular activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stepped care intervention improved women's knowledge of their postpartum depression diagnosis and their receipt of treatment. However, our formal diagnostic procedures missed many women whose depressed mood interfered with their health and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. dgjerdin@umphysicians.umn.edu
authors.forename: Dwenda
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gjerdingen
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crow
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miner
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Center
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D055815:Young Adult