title: Displacement of ureteral orifices following anterior colporrhaphy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is currently unknown whether ureteral orifices maintain their anatomic location after reconstructive pelvic surgeries. We therefore aimed to assess ureteral orifices' location after anterior colporrhaphy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August and December 2007, patients undergoing anterior colporrhaphy for advanced cystocele in our institution underwent cystoscopy with intravenous dye injection and placement of ureteral catheters before and after the surgery. Each ureteral orifice location was marked on an X-Y coordinate on the posterior bladder wall before and after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen women aged 44-80 years were included in the study. Postoperatively, ureteral orifices were noted to migrate 0.65 +/- 0.3 cm caudally (closer to the urethrovesical junction) (p = 0.002) and 0.32 +/- 0.5 cm laterally (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anterior colporrhaphy is associated with significant caudal and lateral displacement of both ureteral orifices. These findings are of potential importance for pelvic reconstructive surgeons and may facilitate faster cystoscopic evaluation of ureteral patency postoperatively. They may also have implications on the angle of the preferred optical equipment to be used.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic surgery, Haifa, Israel. lena2303@gmail.com
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dain
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Auslander
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lissak
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lavie
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abramov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D052858:Cystocele / Q000601:surgery*; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology