title: Determinants of exaggerated difference in morning and evening home blood pressure in Japanese normotensives.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate factors contributing to morning-evening difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in Japanese normotensive subjects. A total of 605 Japanese subjects (393 men and 212 women; mean age, 38.7 years) receiving no antihypertensive agents and without diagnosed hypertension (> or =140/90 mm Hg) were studied using self-measured home BP monitoring. Triplicate morning and evening measurements were performed on 7 consecutive days. The mean of the second and third measurements, as well as the mean of measurements on days 2-7 were adopted as an individuals' home BP value. The morning-evening difference in SBP ranged from -24.8 to 34.8 mm Hg. The highest quartile (Q4) group of the morning-evening difference (> or =4.3 mm Hg, n=151) comprised an older age (43.6+/-10.2 vs. 37.1+/-9.8 years, P<0.01) and a higher prevalence rate of men (72.8 vs. 62.3%, P<0.05), regular alcohol drinkers (45.0 vs. 24.9%, P<0.01) and measurement after bathing at night (50.3 vs. 35.2%, P<0.01) than did the other quartile groups (Q1-Q3, n=454). In multiple logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for the Q4 group were older age (10 years older: odds ratio (OR) 1.67, P<0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37-2.04), regular alcohol drinking (OR 1.98, P<0.01, CI: 1.28-3.07) and post-bathing measurement at night (OR 1.97, P<0.01, CI: 1.30-2.97). In conclusion, older age, regular alcohol drinking and post-bathing measurement at night were significant determinants of an exaggerated morning-evening difference in SBP in Japanese normotensives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Health Center, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. kawabe-h@viola.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001494:Baths; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult