title: Myosin-X is critical for migratory ability of Xenopus cranial neural crest cells.
abstract: The neural crest is a highly migratory cell population, unique to vertebrates, that forms much of the craniofacial skeleton and peripheral nervous system. In exploring the cell biological basis underlying this behavior, we have identified an unconventional myosin, myosin-X (Myo10) that is required for neural crest migration. Myo10 is highly expressed in both premigratory and migrating cranial neural crest (CNC) cells in Xenopus embryos. Disrupting Myo10 expression using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides leads to impaired neural crest migration and subsequent cartilage formation, but only a slight delay in induction. In vivo grafting experiments reveal that Myo10-depleted CNC cells migrate a shorter distance and fail to segregate into distinct migratory streams. Finally, in vitro cultures and cell dissociation-reaggregation assays suggest that Myo10 may be critical for cell protrusion and cell-cell adhesion. These results demonstrate an essential role for Myo10 in normal cranial neural crest migration and suggest a link to cell-cell interactions and formation of processes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Shuyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bronner-Fraser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D022081:Cell Surface Extensions / Q000378:metabolism; D004627:Embryonic Induction; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D009218:Myosins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012886:Skull / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D019737:Transplants; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D009218:Myosins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C492069:Myo10 protein, Xenopus