title: Polymorphisms in thrombophilia and renin-angiotensin system pathways, preterm delivery, and evidence of placental hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze functional polymorphisms in candidate genes (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR]677C>T, MTHFR1298A>C, factor 5 1691G>A [FVL], and angiotensinogen (AGT)-6G>A) in relation to a hypothesized placental hemorrhage pathway to preterm delivery (PTD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed maternal genotypes, pregnancy outcomes, and placental pathologic evidence among 560 white and 399 black women who were recruited at mid trimester into a prospective cohort study (1998-2004). Odds of dominant genotypes were calculated for PTDs with (n = 56) or without (n = 177) evidence of placental hemorrhage (referent = term) with the use of race-stratified polytomous logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among white women, FVL GA/AA and AGT(-6) GA/AA were both associated with hemorrhage-related PTDs (odds ratio [OR], 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-14.2 and OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.3-10.5, respectively), but not other PTDs (ORs, 1.2 and 0.9, respectively). FVL GA/AA was associated with placental abruption (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.1-30) among white women. All results were null for MTHFR genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FVL and AGT variant genotypes were associated specifically with hemorrhage-related PTDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
authors.forename: Julia Warner
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gargano
authors.forename: Claudia B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Holzman
authors.forename: Patricia K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Senagore
authors.forename: M Lynne
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Reuss
authors.forename: Dorothy R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Karen H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Friderici
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jernigan
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics*; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics*; D010922:Placenta Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000235:genetics*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C095381:factor V Leiden; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D005165:Factor V; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)