title: The right half of the Escherichia coli replication origin is not essential for viability, but facilitates multi-forked replication.
abstract: Replication initiation is a key event in the cell cycle of all organisms and oriC, the replication origin in Escherichia coli, serves as the prototypical model for this process. The minimal sequence required for oriC function was originally determined entirely from plasmid studies using cloned origin fragments, which have previously been shown to differ dramatically in sequence requirement from the chromosome. Using an in vivo recombineering strategy to exchange wt oriCs for mutated ones regardless of whether they are functional origins or not, we have determined the minimal origin sequence that will support chromosome replication. Nearly the entire right half of oriC could be deleted without loss of origin function, demanding a reassessment of existing models for initiation. Cells carrying the new DnaA box-depleted 163 bp minimal oriC exhibited little or no loss of fitness under slow-growth conditions, but were sensitive to rich medium, suggesting that the dense packing of initiator binding sites that is a hallmark of prokaryotic origins, has likely evolved to support the increased demands of multi-forked replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stepankiw
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaidow
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boye
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bates
mesh_terms: D004261:DNA Replication; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D016296:Mutagenesis; D051738:Origin Recognition Complex / Q000235:genetics*; D018741:Replication Origin; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C114650:OriC chromosomal replication origin; D051738:Origin Recognition Complex