title: Long-term follow-up evaluation for more than 10 years after endoscopic treatment for postoperative bile duct strictures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic stent therapy is routinely used to treat postoperative bile duct strictures. However, no studies have detailed long-term follow-up evaluation for more than 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study enrolled 22 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of postoperative bile duct strictures from 1987 to 2006. Cases involving digestive tract reconstruction were excluded. Dilation was performed after passage of a guidewire through the stricture followed by temporary stent placement. The final objective was to achieve stent free status after sufficient dilation. The stent was removed when the cholangiogram showed apparent resolution of the stricture. If stent removal was not possible within 12 months, the authors proposed a surgical treatment option.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial therapy was performed for 21 patients (21/ 22, 95%). The remaining patient had complete occlusion, which required surgical repair. For 3 of the 21 cases, guidewire passage through the narrow stricture under fluorographic guidance alone was impossible. However, visualization by peroral cholangioscope enabled passage of the guidewire in all three cases. In two cases, the stricture persisted longer than 12 months, rendering stent removal impossible. Therefore, stent removal within 12 months was achieved in 90% of the cases (19/21). Two patients requested prolonged stenting in lieu of the authors' proposal to repeat the surgery. This resulted in sufficient dilation after an additional 6 months. Consequently, a total of 21 patients were enrolled for long-term follow-up evaluation. The posttreatment follow-up period was 121 + or - 64 months (range, 31-254 months; median, 120 months). Three patients died of causes unrelated to hepatobiliary disease. The remaining patients were successfully followed up until this writing. The overall long-term success rate was 95% (20/21). No hepatobiliary malignancies developed within the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic stent therapy is available for postoperative bile duct strictures. Long-term prognosis for more than 10 years is excellent. Repeat surgical interventions may be unavoidable in some cases, but endoscopic treatment should be proposed as the first-line treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan. yasqooyas@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuyuguchi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Sudhamshu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: K C
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Taketo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saisho
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002404:Catheterization; D002758:Cholangiography; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome