title: A newly developed chemically crosslinked dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering.
abstract: Cartilage tissue engineering, in which chondrogenic cells are combined with a scaffold, is a cell-based approach to regenerate damaged cartilage. Various scaffold materials have been investigated, among which are hydrogels. Previously, we have developed dextran-based hydrogels that form under physiological conditions via a Michael-type addition reaction. Hydrogels can be formed in situ by mixing a thiol-functionalized dextran with a tetra-acrylated star poly(ethylene glycol) solution. In this article we describe how the degradation time of dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels can be varied from 3 to 7 weeks by changing the degree of substitution of thiol groups on dextran. The degradation times increased slightly after encapsulation of chondrocytes in the gels. The effect of the gelation reaction on cell viability and cartilage formation in the hydrogels was investigated. Chondrocytes or embryonic stem cells were mixed in the aqueous dextran solution, and we confirmed that the cells survived gelation. After a 3-week culturing period, chondrocytes and embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies were still viable and both cell types produced cartilaginous tissue. Our data demonstrate the potential of dextran hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands .
authors.forename: Jojanneke M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jukes
authors.forename: Leonardus J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van der Aa
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hiemstra
authors.forename: Theun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Veen
authors.forename: Pieter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feijen
authors.forename: Clemens A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: van Blitterswijk
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Boer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003911:Dextrans; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols