title: Duplication of fgfr1 permits Fgf signaling to serve as a target for selection during domestication.
abstract: The genetic basis of morphological variation both within and between species has been a lasting question in evolutionary biology and one of considerable recent debate. It is thought that changes in postembryonic development leading to variations in adult form often serve as a basis for selection . Thus, we investigated the genetic basis of the development of adult structures in the zebrafish via a forward genetic approach and asked whether the genes and mechanisms found could be predictive of changes in other species. Here we describe the spiegeldanio (spd) zebrafish mutation, which leads to reduced scale formation in the adult. The affected gene is fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (fgfr1), which is known to have an essential embryonic function in vertebrate development. We find that the zebrafish has two paralogs encoding Fgfr1 and show that they function redundantly during embryogenesis. However, only one paralog is required for formation of scales during juvenile development. Furthermore, we identify loss-of-function alleles changing the coding sequence of Fgfr1a1 that have been independently selected twice during the domestication of the carp (Cyprinus carpio). These findings provide evidence for the role for gene duplication in providing the raw material for generation of morphological diversity.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstrasse 35, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. nicolas.rohner@tuebingen.mpg.de
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rohner
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bercsényi
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orbán
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kolanczyk
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nüsslein-Volhard
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002347:Carps / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics*; D004817:Epidermis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020440:Gene Duplication; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D010641:Phenotype; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1