title: Sexual dimorphism of autophagy in Syrian hamster Harderian gland culminates in a holocrine secretion in female glands.
abstract: The Syrian hamster Harderian gland (HG) has a large porphyrin metabolism with a sexual dimorphism, showing male HGs much lower porphyrin concentrations than female glands. Damage derived from this production of porphyrins, displayed by reactive oxygen species, forces the gland to develop morphological changes that must have a physiological significance. Thus, oxidative stress is present in two states: mild oxidative stress in male HGs and extreme oxidative stress in female HGs. Cathepsins data gave indirect indications about the presence of programmed cell death affecting the lysosomal pathway, especially in female HGs, which showed an accumulation of autophagic bodies. Our results showed different degrees of autophagy in Syrian hamster HGs depending on sex and probably controlled by the redox-sensitive transcription factors: NFkappaB and p53. The discovery of these sexual dimorphisms in redox signaling and in autophagy corroborates previous findings and underlines the key role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of autophagy. In addition, in this paper we propose a physiological significance for these phenomena: male HGs develop a survival autophagy, while in female HGs, autophagy culminates in a detachment-derived cell death that plays a central role in its secretory activity, leading to a massive glandular secretion.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vega-Naredo
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.forename: Covadonga
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huidobro-Fernández
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Gonzalo-Calvo
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Macia
authors.forename: Delio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tolivia
authors.forename: María Josefa
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Colunga
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coto-Montes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005260:Female; D006243:Harderian Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011166:Porphyrins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D002403:Cathepsins; D037761:Sirtuins