title: Particle size analysis of nanocrystals: improved analysis method.
abstract: The influence of optical parameters, additional techniques (e.g. PIDS technology) and the importance of light microscopy were investigated by comparing laser diffraction data obtained via the conventional method and an optimized analysis method. Also the influence of a possible dissolution of nanocrystals during a measurement on the size result obtained was assessed in this study. The results reveal that dissolution occurs if unsaturated medium or microparticle saturated medium is used for the measurements. The dissolution is erratic and the results are not reproducible. Dissolution can be overcome by saturating the measuring medium prior to the measurement. If nanocrystals are analysed the dispersion medium should be saturated with the nanocrystals, because the solubility is higher than for coarse micro-sized drug material. The importance of using the optimized analysis method was proven by analysing 40 different nanosuspensions via the conventional versus the optimized sizing method. There was no large difference in the results obtained for the 40 nanosuspensions using the conventional method. This would have led to the conclusion, that all the 40 formulations investigated are physically stable. However, the analysis via the optimized method revealed that from 40 formulations investigated only four were physically stable. In conclusion an optimized analysis saves time and money and avoids misleading developments, because discrimination between "stable" and "unstable" can be done reliably at a very early stage of the development.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. ck@ckc-berlin.de
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Keck
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D008027:Light; D008853:Microscopy; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D012031:Refractometry; D012431:Rutin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013696:Temperature; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011136:Polysorbates; D020442:Poloxamer; D014810:Vitamin E; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012431:Rutin; D016572:Cyclosporine; C014225:tocophersolan