title: [Macrocephalic spermatozoa. What would be the impact on reproduction?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We want to highlight the risk of infertility and failure of Assisted Reproductive Technologies due to the presence of macrocephalic spermatozoa (MS) in the sperm at rate equalling or superior to 20% in at least one semen analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did a retrospective analysis of 19 infertile patients presenting MS at average rate between 14.3 and 49.7%. For each patient, at least one semen analysis showed a MS rate equal or superior to 20%. We did an automated analysis of the spermatozoa surface for 13 patients and a detailed analysis of the MS morphology in 18 patients. Thirteen couples benefited of one or more IVF with or without ICSI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The semen analysis shows an impairment of one or more parameter of the sperm in all patients. Three morphological aspects for MS were highlighted: MS with irregular head, MS with regular head, and MS with multiple heads, with a dominance of irregular heads. The spermatozoa surface analysis shows a significant increase of the average surface and of the standard deviation (p<0.0001). The average rate of pregnancies by transfer is decreased compared to usual rates in our laboratories (13% versus 28%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We want to sensitize biologist and clinical doctors to the existence of partial forms of this syndrome, which could be related to infertility with impaired sperm parameters and low pregnancy rates after FIV or ICSI.
authors.affiliation: Service de biologie de la reproduction, hôpital La Conception, AP-HM, 147, boulevard Baille, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France. mguichaoua@ap-hm.fr
authors.forename: M-R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Guichaoua
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geoffroy-Siraudin
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Paulmyer-Lacroix
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanteaume
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metzler-Guillemin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Achard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013076:Sperm Count; D013077:Sperm Head / Q000473:pathology*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000502:physiology