title: Proteinuria and clinical outcomes in hypertensive patients.
abstract: This narrative review focuses on outcomes related to proteinuria in hypertension (HT), and also examines the role of current and future therapeutic strategies. Proteinuria is an independent marker of renal and cardiovascular (CV) disease in hypertensive populations, particularly in high-risk groups such as diabetic patients. Effective blood pressure (BP) control and proteinuria management are associated with significant improvements in the risk of key adverse outcomes, although a causative relationship needs careful assessment. Available antihypertensives have varying effects on proteinuria reduction. Drugs affecting the renin system offer antiproteinuric and renoprotective effects that are probably at least partially independent of their BP effects. Economic evaluations of these interventions confirm their cost-saving benefits relative to other antihypertensives, but outcomes-based research is needed in some settings.
authors.affiliation: Mario Negri Sud Consortium, Renal Research, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Ausilia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maione
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Annemans
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Strippoli
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D017281:Cost of Illness; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents