title: Treatment of patients with in-stent restenosis.
abstract: Treatment of patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a technical challenge. This problem has been reduced since the advent of drug-eluting stents (DES), but continues to represent a significant burden during daily practice in interventional cardiology. Treatment of ISR after bare-metal stent implantation has evolved and currently DES constitute the intervention of choice. However, DES may also develop ISR. The best therapeutic alternative for patients suffering from ISR after DES implantation remains to be elucidated. This review will focus on treatment of patients with ISR emphasising currently available alternatives, technical issues, limitations and future perspectives.
authors.affiliation: Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alfonso
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Vizcayno
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Quevedo
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Escaned
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernandez
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017225:Atherectomy, Coronary; D001918:Brachytherapy; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D008670:Metals