title: Alien species in a warmer world: risks and opportunities.
abstract: Climate change and biological invasions are key processes affecting global biodiversity, yet their effects have usually been considered separately. Here, we emphasise that global warming has enabled alien species to expand into regions in which they previously could not survive and reproduce. Based on a review of climate-mediated biological invasions of plants, invertebrates, fishes and birds, we discuss the ways in which climate change influences biological invasions. We emphasise the role of alien species in a more dynamic context of shifting species' ranges and changing communities. Under these circumstances, management practices regarding the occurrence of 'new' species could range from complete eradication to tolerance and even consideration of the 'new' species as an enrichment of local biodiversity and key elements to maintain ecosystem services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, University Street 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. gian-reto.ealther@uni.bayreuth.de
authors.forename: Gian-Reto
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roques
authors.forename: Philip E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hulme
authors.forename: Martin T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sykes
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pysek
authors.forename: Ingolf
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zobel
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bacher
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Botta-Dukát
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bugmann
authors.forename: Bálint
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Czúcz
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dauber
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hickler
authors.forename: Vojtech
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jarosík
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kenis
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minchin
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moora
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nentwig
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Vadim E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Panov
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reineking
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robinet
authors.forename: Vitaliy
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Semenchenko
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Solarz
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thuiller
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vilà
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vohland
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Settele
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D057232:Global Warming; D010944:Plants; D012307:Risk Factors