title: Triggering of suicidal erythrocyte death by amphotericin B.
abstract: Amphotericin B is widely used as antifungal drug. Side effects include anemia. A variety of drugs and diseases associated with anemia has recently been shown to trigger suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, i.e. cell membrane scrambling and cell shrinkage. Eryptosis may be triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity and by lack of ATP. The present study explored whether amphotericin B stimulates eryptosis. Cell membrane scrambling was estimated from annexin V-binding to phosphatidylserine exposed at the cell surface, cell shrinkage from forward scatter in FACS analysis, cytosolic Ca2+ activity from Fluo3 fluorescence and the cytosolic ATP concentration from a luciferase-based assay. Exposure to amphotericin B (0.1-1 microg/ml) within 48 hours significantly increased annexin V-binding, decreased forward scatter, increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity and decreased cytosolic ATP content. In conclusion, amphotericin B stimulates suicidal cell death of erythrocytes, which may in turn contribute to the clearance of circulating erythrocytes and thus to anemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mahmud
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mauro
authors.forename: Syed M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Föller
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002518:Ceramides / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D017304:Annexin A5; D002518:Ceramides; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D014966:Xanthenes; C059715:Fluo-3; D000666:Amphotericin B; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium