title: Quantitative analysis of hemoglobin content in polymeric  nanoparticles as blood substitutes using Fourier transform  infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: Based on the penetrability of IR within the polymeric nanoparticles, a novel Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method, with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the internal reference standard, was developed to quantify the hemoglobin (Hb) content in Hb-based polymeric nanoparticles (HbPN). The HbPN was fabricated by double emulsion method from poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) triblock copolymers. Depending on the characteristic un-overlapped IR absorbances at 1540 cm(-1) of Hb (amide II) and at 2241 cm(-1) of PAN(-C[triple bond]N), calibration equations, presenting the peak height ratio of Hb and PAN as a function of the weight ratio of Hb and PAN, were established. This new quantification method is validated and used to the determination Hb content in HbPN. Due to the good results of this calibration strategy, the proposed simple FTIR approach with minimal sample-needed and solvent-free makes it useful for routine analysis of protein content and could be also applied to any other drug/protein encapsulated particles.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
authors.forename: Xiaoqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Ligen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Changsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaolan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000592:standards; D002138:Calibration; D002417:Cattle; D004526:Efficiency; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000592:standards; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012015:Reference Standards; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D006454:Hemoglobins; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; C499774:polyethylene glycol-polylactide-polyethylene glycol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols