title: Fatty foci in the myocardium in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex: common finding at CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the morphologic characteristics of focal fatty foci in the myocardium of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) at computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional review board approval was obtained, and patient informed consent was waived. Fifty-five patients with TSC (mean age, 37 years; range, 16-67 years; 22 male patients) who had CT results available that included at least the basal portions of the heart were included. Fifty-five age- and sex-matched control subjects without TSC were selected from a CT database. Images were reviewed for the presence of areas of fat attenuation in the depicted portions of the myocardium. Descriptive statistics and the McNemar test for case-control comparisons were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT results demonstrated foci of fat attenuation within the myocardium in 35 (64%) of 55 patients with TSC. Foci were well circumscribed and focal and located in the interventricular septum, left ventricle wall, right ventricle wall, and papillary muscles. Size varied between 3 x 1 mm and 62 x 31 mm. Multiple lesions were seen in 19 patients. In the control group, only one (2%) lesion with fat attenuation was found (P < .001). Its linear shape and subendocardial location in the left ventricular wall differed from the morphology of fatty foci seen in patients with TSC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite incomplete depiction of the heart with CT, the majority of patients with TSC demonstrated well-circumscribed foci of fat attenuation in the myocardium that were not present in age- and sex-matched control subjects. This suggests that such fatty foci may be another characteristic of TSC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Atrium Medical Center, Henri Dunantstraat 5, 6419 PC Heerlen, the Netherlands. miraude@gmail.com
authors.forename: Miraude E A P M
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Adriaensen
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schaefer-Prokop
authors.forename: Debbie A C
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Duyndam
authors.forename: Bernard A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Zonnenberg
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prokop
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult