title: Reviving function in CD4+ T cells adapted to persistent systemic antigen.
abstract: In bone marrow-transplanted patients, chronic graft-versus-host disease is a complication that results from the persistent stimulation of recipient minor histocompatibility Ag (mHA)-specific T cells contained within the graft. In this study, we developed a mouse model where persistent stimulation of donor T cells by recipient's mHA led to multiorgan T cell infiltration. Exposure to systemic mHA, however, deeply modified T cell function and chronically stimulated T cells developed a long-lasting state of unresponsiveness, or immune adaptation, characterized by their inability to mediate organ immune damages in vivo. However, analysis of the gene expression profile of adapted CD4+ T cells revealed the specific coexpression of genes known to promote differentiation and function of Th1 effector cells as well as genes coding for proteins that control T cell activity, such as cell surface-negative costimulatory molecules and regulatory cytokines. Strikingly, blockade of negative costimulation abolished T cell adaptation and stimulated strong IFN-gamma production and severe multiorgan wasting disease. Negative costimulation was also shown to control lethal LPS-induced toxic shock in mice with adapted T cells, as well as the capacity of adapted T cells to reject skin graft. Our results demonstrate that negative costimulation is the molecular mechanism used by CD4+ T cells to adapt their activity in response to persistent antigenic stimulation. The effector function of CD4+ T cells that have adapted to chronic Ag presentation can be activated by stimuli strong enough to overcome regulatory signals delivered to the T cells by negative costimulation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, Belgium.
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noval Rivas
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weatherly
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hazzan
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vokaer
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dremier
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaudray
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: Michel Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Braun
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006182:H-Y Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D006182:H-Y Antigen; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens