title: Translational research of novel hormones: lessons  from animal models and rare human diseases for common  human diseases.
abstract: Since the 1980s, a number of bioactive molecules, now known as cardiovascular hormones, have been isolated from the heart and blood vessels, particularly from the subset of vascular endothelial cells. The natriuretic peptide family is the prototype of the cardiovascular hormones. Over the following decade, a variety of hormones and cytokines, now known as adipokines or adipocytokines, have also been isolated from adipose tissue. Leptin is the only adipokine demonstrated to cause an obese phenotype in both animals and humans upon deletion. Thus, the past two decades have seen the identification of two important classes of bioactive molecules secreted by newly recognized endocrine cells, both of which differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells. To assess the physiological and clinical implications of these novel hormones, we have investigated their functions using animal models. We have also developed and analyzed mice overexpressing transgenic forms of these proteins and knockout mice deficient in these and related genes. Here, we demonstrate the current state of the translational research of these novel hormones, the natriuretic peptide family and leptin, and discuss how lessons learned from excellent animal models and rare human diseases can provide a better understanding of common human diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. nakao@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuwa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasoda
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebihara
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mukoyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D020738:Leptin; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides