title: Long-term results of eversion carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is supported by level 1 evidence as the standard of care for symptomatic and asymptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis. Eversion CEA (ECEA) has been proposed as an acceptable alternative to the standard bifurcation endarterectomy in many patients; however, long-term follow-up of this technique has not been reported. This study was designed to analyze the long-term durability of ECEA in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1989 to March 2002, 534 ECEAs were performed on 485 patients (60% male, 44% symptomatic, reoperative 1.0%). Preoperative characteristics, operative findings, and postoperative duplex data were entered prospectively into database. These data were retrospectively reviewed to determine the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within 30 days of surgery, late survival, and the late incidence of ipsilateral carotid disease. Variables associated with carotid restenosis were subjected to statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up period was 8.86 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.56-9.16, median 6.6). MACEs occurred in 19 patients (3.8%), including 13 strokes (2.6%) and six deaths (1.2%). MACEs when added to surgical site-related complications yielded a <30-day complication rate of 5.3%. Survival by life-table analysis at 5 and 10 years was 75.2% and 50.1%, respectively. Recurrent stenosis of the ECEA site was noted in 20 patients (4.1%), with a mean time to recurrence of 4.4 years (95% CI 2.92-6.07, median 4.0). Statistical analyses failed to implicate any specific patient risk factor, symptomatic presentation, presence of hyperlipidemia or statin use, internal carotid artery diameter, or presence of residual disease as predictive of recurrent stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study represents the longest follow-up to date of patients undergoing ECEA. The findings of this study support ECEA as a safe and durable long-term treatment for extracranial carotid disease presenting with or without acute symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. jhblack@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ricotta
authors.forename: Calvin E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D019992:Databases as Topic; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex