title: Separating the impact of group size, density, and enclosure size on broiler movement and space use at a decreasing perimeter to area ratio.
abstract: The goal of this study was to determine the impact of enclosure size on space use and movement patterns of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), independent of group size and density. Research designed to estimate the effects of group size, density, or enclosure size involves inherent confounding between factors, clouding their individual effects. This experimental design enabled us to conduct multiple contrasts in order to tease apart the specific impacts. Treatments consisted of five combinations of three square enclosures: small (S; 1.5m(2)), medium (M; 3.0m(2)), and large (L; 4.5m(2)), and three group sizes of 10, 20, and 30 birds. We made comparisons while holding group size constant, holding density constant, and the third while maintaining a constant enclosure size. Nearest neighbor distances increased with enclosure size but appeared to be constrained by density. Net displacement and minimum convex polygons increased with enclosure size regardless of group size or density. We found no evidence of social restriction on space use. Results indicate that broilers adapted their use of space and movement patterns to the size of the enclosures, spreading out and utilizing a greater amount of space when it was available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Avian Science, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Erin Hoerl
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Christman
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Douglass
authors.forename: Inma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Estevez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002645:Chickens; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D011156:Population Density; D018401:Sample Size; D012931:Social Environment; D013037:Spatial Behavior