title: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor is involved in low-dose LPS-induced neuroprotection.
abstract: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has recently been noted for neuroprotective function. Evidence has been given to indicate that G-CSF is naturally expressed in neurons and directly activates anti-apoptosis pathways. Finding out the agents inducing G-CSF production is of value for understanding the neuroprotection network in central nervous system. It is known that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce macrophages to produce G-CSF. Here we demonstrate that hippocampal neurons exhibited the expression of toll-like receptor-4, and prove that low-dose LPS treatment increased the expression and production of G-CSF mRNA and protein in cultured neurons. We further indicate that the neutralization of G-CSF with corresponding anti-G-CSF antibodies abolished the neuroprotective effect of LPS pretreatment in N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced neuronal injury by MTT/CCK-8 assays and LDH release. Thus our results reveal that G-CSF may be involved in LPS-mediated neuroprotection in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Xi
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qin-Ying
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Chuan-Zhen
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Bao-Guo
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000633:toxicity; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009498:Neurotoxins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495347:Tlr4 protein, rat; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016202:N-Methylaspartate