title: Congenital anomalies in children with cerebral palsy: a population-based record linkage study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to determine the proportion of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who have a congenital anomaly (CA) in three regions (Isère Region, French Alps; Funen County, Denmark; Northern Region, England) where population-based CP and CA registries exist, and to classify the children according to CA subtype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for children born between 1991 and 1999 were linked using electronic matching of cases. All potential matches were checked manually by each centre and verified as true matches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1104 children with CP were born during the study period (663 males, 441 females). Of these, 166 (15%; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 13.0-17.3) children with CP had a CA: 8.8% had a cerebral anomaly, 4.8% had a non-cerebral anomaly, and 1.4% had a non-cerebral-related syndrome or a chromosomal/genetic anomaly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of cerebral anomaly was highest in children with ataxic CP (41.7%) and lowest in those with dyskinetic CP (2.1%). Cerebral anomalies were found in 8.4% and 7% of children with bilateral and unilateral spastic CP respectively. The most frequent cerebral anomalies were primary microcephaly (26.5%) and congenital hydrocephalus (17.3%). The most common non-cerebral anomalies recorded were cardiac (12.6% of children with CP and CA), urinary (5.4%), and musculoskeletal (5.4%). The prevalence of cerebral anomalies was higher among children born at term (13%) than among those born preterm (3.8%). Associated sensorineural or intellectual impairments occurred more often in children with CP and cerebral anomalies. We concluded that cerebral and non-cerebral CA prevalence was higher among the CP population than in the general population of live births.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. j.m.rankin@ncl.ac.uk <j.m.rankin@ncl.ac.uk>
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rankin
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cans
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garne
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colver
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dolk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Uldall
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amar
authors.forename: Ingeborge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krageloh-Mann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D018672:Community Health Planning; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009421:Nervous System Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult