title: The use of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in Saskatchewan, Canada.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meta-analyses of observational studies show variability in the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), with an increase in risk for rofecoxib and diclofenac, and no increase in risk for celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified a cohort of 364 658 individuals aged 40-84 years who were enrolled in Saskatchewan Health, Canada, from 15 November 1999 to 31 December 2001. A nested case-control analysis compared 3252 incident cases of hospitalized AMI and out-of-hospital CHD deaths with 20 002 controls randomly sampled from the cohort. The incidence of AMI/CHD was 5.1 per 1000 person-years (95%CI: 5.0-5.3). The adjusted ORs (95%CI) of AMI/CHD in current users of individual NSAIDs compared with non-use were: celecoxib (1.11; 0.84-1.47), rofecoxib (1.32; 0.91-1.91), diclofenac (1.02; 0.75-1.38), naproxen (1.57; 0.98-2.52), ibuprofen (1.59; 0.88-2.89), and indomethacin (1.34; 0.81-2.19). Long-term use of rofecoxib was compatible with an increased risk (OR = 1.46; 0.97-2.22) while estimates of other individual NSAIDs were close to unity. Overall NSAID use was associated with a 30% increased risk of nonfatal AMI but was absent for fatal AMI/CHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed a modest increased risk of AMI/CHD with various traditional NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors. Confidence intervals of estimated ORs included the null value for most comparisons. The study confirmed that the differentiation between traditional NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors is not a reliable tool for predicting cardiovascular risk associated with NSAIDs.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer, Global Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Varas-Lorenzo
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castellsague
authors.forename: Mary Rose
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Stang
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perez-Gutthann
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aguado
authors.forename: Luis Alberto García
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012525:Saskatchewan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors