title: Protective effects of hesperidin against genotoxicity induced by (99m)Tc-MIBI in human cultured lymphocyte cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiopharmaceuticals have been widely used as nuclear tracers for myocardial perfusion imaging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effects of hesperidin as a flavonoid which protects against the genotoxic effects of (99m)Tc-MIBI in human cultured lymphocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole blood samples from human volunteers were incubated with hesperidin at doses of 10, 50 and 100 micromol. After 1 h of incubation, the lymphocytes were incubated with (99m)Tc-MIBI (200 microCi/2 ml) for 3 h. The lymphocyte cultures were then mitogenically stimulated to allow for evaluation of the number of micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubation of lymphocytes with (99m)Tc-MIBI at this high dose induces additional genotoxicity and shown by increases in micronuclei frequency in human lymphocytes. Hesperidin at these doses significantly reduced the micronuclei frequency in cultured lymphocytes. The maximum protective effect and greatest decrease in micronuclei frequency occurred when cultures were incubated with a 100-micromol dose of 65% hesperidin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has important implications for patients undergoing nuclear medicine procedures. The results indicate a protective role for hesperidin against the genetic damage and side effects induced by radiopharmaceutical administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. sjhosseinim@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Seyed Jalal
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hosseinimehr
authors.forename: Amirhossein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: Davood
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beiki
authors.forename: Emran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahmoudzadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D006569:Hesperidin