title: Exophiala xenobiotica infection in cultured striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider), in Japan.
abstract: This report describes Exophiala infection in cultured striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentex, in Japan in 2005. One hundred out of 35,000 fish died per day and mortalities continued for 1 month. Diseased fish showed swelling of the abdomen and kidney distension. Numerous septate hyphae, pale brown in colour, were seen in kidney in squash preparations. Histology revealed abundant fungal hyphae and conidia in gill, heart and kidney. Fungal hyphae were accompanied by cell necrosis and influx of inflammatory, mainly mononuclear cells. The fungus isolated from the diseased fish had septate hyphae, pale brown in colour and 1.8-3.0 microm in diameter. Conidiogenous cells were conspicuous annellides, short or cylindrical or fusiform in shape. Conidia were one-celled, ellipsoidal with smooth walls, accumulated in balls at the apices of annellides that tended to slide down, 1.5-2.0 microm in width and 3.0-5.0 microm in length. The fungus was classified into the genus Exophiala based on its morphology and as Exophiala xenobiotica based on the sequences of the ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2 regions of rDNA. This is the first record of this fungus in a marine fish.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University Musashino, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Munchan
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakaoka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D005093:Exophiala / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000662:veterinary; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010473:Perciformes; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer