Paraneoplastic myopathy.
OBJECTIVE
It has been recognized for some time now, that compared with the normal population, patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) live with an increased risk of developing malignancy. In the majority of these patients, cancer-associated myositis appears to have some paraneoplastic features. The aim of the present review is to describe new data that explain the connection between myositis and malignant diseases, as well as to highlight its value in the current management of these patients.


RESULTS
Antigen expressions and patterns shared by regenerating muscle and cancers raise questions about whether myositis cases without clinically observable cancer may represent a fully successful antitumor immune response with bystander damage to regenerating muscle. The discovery of anti-155/140 autoantibody may aid in the better diagnosis of adult IIM patients with a higher risk of malignancy. It also may help the better understanding of paraneoplastic myositis.


CONCLUSIONS
Cancer-associated myositis differs from primary myositis in many aspects. Prognosis and life-expectancy are determined by the underlying malignancy. Therefore, patient-specific examinations for detection of an underlying cancer are important in the management of patients. Recent clinical findings and new possibilities in immunoserological testing may result in the elaboration of an evidence-based recommendation for cancer screening programs in patients with IIM in the future.
Dankó
Katalin
K
Division of Clinical Immunology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. katalin.danko@gmail.com
Ponyi
Andrea
A
Molnar
Andrew P
AP
András
Csilla
C
Constantin
Tamás
T
D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015551:Autoimmunity; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007159:Immunologic Tests; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009220:Myositis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
D001323:Autoantibodies