title: Lower face reduction with full-thickness marginal ostectomy of mandibular corpus-angle followed by corticectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Asian countries, many patients with a prominent mandibular angle desire its correction, because they consider it to be an unappealing feature. Reduction mandibuloplasty has been frequently performed through the intraoral approach, but an invisible mandibular angle forces the surgeon to perform blind ostectomy. In addition, the limited mobility of the oscillating saw leads to semi-vertical ostectomy, and leaves unnatural mandibular contours, such as loss of the mandibular angle.
  
  
  METHODS
  To overcome the drawbacks of conventional procedures, we performed en bloc mandibular corpus-angle ostectomy using a contra-angle handpiece and subsequent corticectomy in 519 patients with prominent mandibular angles. A retractor with an endoscope was supportively used in 190 patients. A pre- and postoperative cephalogram was taken in 86 patients, and the gonial angle (GA) and the mandibular plane angle to the Frankfort horizontal plane (MPA) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results. GA and MPA were increased by approximately 10 degrees. GA was successfully improved to within the pre-set desired range in 84.5% and 60.0% of the female and male patients, respectively. The overall complication rate was 4.0%; all of these were minor complications, and no major complication such as malfracture or facial nerve injury was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our new technique allows surgeons to perform accurate, safe and reproducible ostectomies and to reshape prominent angles to more natural-looking ones with smooth ostectomised borders.
authors.affiliation: Ritz Cosmetic Surgery Clinic Tokyo, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. hirohi@ritz-cs.com
authors.forename: Toshitsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirohi
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult