title: Efficacy and safety of etravirine in treatment-experienced, HIV-1 patients: pooled 48 week analysis of two randomized, controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy, safety and virologic resistance profile of etravirine (TMC125), a next-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, over 48 weeks in treatment-experienced adults infected with HIV-1 strains resistant to a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and other antiretrovirals.
  
  
  METHODS
  DUET-1 (NCT00254046) and DUET-2 (NCT00255099) are two identically designed, randomized, double-blind phase III trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received twice-daily etravirine 200 mg or placebo, each plus a background regimen of darunavir/ritonavir, investigator-selected nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors and optional enfuvirtide. Eligible patients had documented nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance, at least three primary protease inhibitor mutations at screening and were on a stable but virologically failing regimen for at least 8 weeks, with plasma viral load more than 5000 copies/ml. Pooled 48-week data from the two trials are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (1203) were randomized and treated (n = 599, etravirine; n = 604, placebo). Significantly more patients in the etravirine than in the placebo group achieved viral load less than 50 copies/ml at week 48 (61 vs. 40%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Significantly fewer patients in the etravirine group experienced at least one confirmed or probable AIDS-defining illness/death (6 vs. 10%; P = 0.0408). Safety and tolerability in the etravirine group was comparable to the placebo group. Rash was the only adverse event to occur at a significantly higher incidence in the etravirine group (19 vs. 11%, respectively, P < 0.0001), occurring primarily in the second week of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 48 weeks, treatment-experienced patients receiving etravirine plus background regimen had statistically superior and durable virologic responses (viral load less than 50 copies/ml) than those receiving placebo plus background regimen, with comparable tolerability and no new safety signals reported since week 24.
authors.affiliation: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI and Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. christine.katlama@psl.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katlama
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haubrich
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lalezari
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazzarin
authors.forename: José V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Madruga
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schechter
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Gaston
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Picchio
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vingerhoets
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Woodfall
authors.forename: Goedele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Smedt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D011724:Pyridazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C451734:etravirine