title: Distribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma polymorphisms in Chinese and Dutch patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is frequently expressed in colon, its genetic polymorphism may play a role in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aims of the present study were to determine the distribution of PPAR-gamma polymorphisms Pro12Ala and C161T and to explore the association between the PPAR-gamma genotypes and phenotypes of IBD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 244 IBD patients [212 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 32 Crohn's disease (CD)] and 220 controls in the Chinese population and 603 IBD patients (302 UC and 301 CD) and 180 controls in the white Dutch population were enrolled in the study. The phenotypes of Chinese IBD patients were grouped according to disease location. The PPAR-gamma polymorphisms Pro12Ala and C161T were genotyped by PCR-based methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Chinese population, T carriers of the PPAR-gamma C161T polymorphism were more common in UC patients than in the controls [37.7% vs. 25.5%, odds ratio 1.77, 95% confidence interval 1.18-2.68, P = 0.007], whereas Ala carriers of the Pro12Ala polymorphism showed no significant association in UC patients, but there was a significant association of Ala carriers with more extensive disease among the UC patients (P = 0.002); Pro12Ala and C161T genotypes did not show any associations with CD patients. No associations were found for the PPAR-gamma C161T SNP studied in the Dutch IBD population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed the potential association between the PPAR-gamma C161T polymorphism and UC patients in the central Chinese population. This finding was not replicated in the Dutch population. Further studies are necessary to explore the functional implication of the PPAR-gamma C161T polymorphism in Chinese UC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Umid Kumar
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: Ouafae
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: J Bart A
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Crusius
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhongli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhitao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: van Bodegraven
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Servaas A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Morré
authors.forename: Hongling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma