title: Does the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome increase the risk of obstetrical complications in women with gestational diabetes?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether women with both polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of obstetric complications compared with women with GDM alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of maternal/fetal outcomes in women with GDM and PCOS was compared with women with GDM alone. Outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. Logistic regression models allowed for the calculation of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each outcome, adjusted for confounding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seventy one women were included in the study. Significantly more women with both GDM and PCOS had pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia (15.9% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.019, OR = 4.62, 95% CI = 1.38-15.41). Multiple logistic regression revealed that this increase persisted after controlling for body mass index (p = 0.028, OR = 4.43, 95% CI = 1.17-16.72) and parity (p = 0.050, OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.00-11.92). Women with GDM and PCOS tended to have more preterm deliveries (25.0% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.063). More infants of women with GDM and PCOS required phototherapy treatment for hyperbilirubinemia (25.0% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.0066, OR = 3.90, 95% CI = 1.52-9.98). Logistic regression revealed that this association persisted after controlling for preterm delivery (OR = 3.18, 95% CI = 1.14-8.82, p = 0.026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mothers with both disorders should be monitored more carefully and counseled regarding their increased risk of both maternal and fetal complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Abdulmuhsen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alshammari
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: Denice S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Feig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D010298:Parity; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D011247:Pregnancy; D017584:Reproductive History; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors