title: The type III histone deacetylase Sirt1  is essential for maintenance  of T cell tolerance in mice.
abstract: Although many self-reactive T cells are eliminated by negative selection in the thymus, some of these cells escape into the periphery, where they must be controlled by additional mechanisms. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying peripheral T cell tolerance and its maintenance remain largely undefined. In this study, we report that sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a type III histone deacetylase, negatively regulates T cell activation and plays a major role in clonal T cell anergy in mice. In vivo, we found that loss of Sirt1 function resulted in abnormally increased T cell activation and a breakdown of CD4+ T cell tolerance. Conversely, upregulation of Sirt1 expression led to T cell anergy, in which the activity of the transcription factor AP-1 was substantially diminished.Furthermore, Sirt1 interacted with and deacetylated c-Jun, yielding an inactive AP-1 factor. In addition, Sirt1-deficient mice were unable to maintain T cell tolerance and developed severe experimental allergic encephalomyelitis as well as spontaneous autoimmunity. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of T cell activation and anergy, and we suggest that activators of Sirt1 may be useful as therapeutic agents for the treatment and/or prevention of autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Jinping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sang-Myeong
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: Beixue
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Divekar
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: McBurney
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Braley-Mullen
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zaghouani
authors.forename: Deyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D017635:Clonal Anergy / Q000276:immunology; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; C445081:myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55); D010047:Ovalbumin; D056564:Sirtuin 1