title: Sex differences in NMDA receptor expression in human alcoholics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess whether chronic alcohol misuse affects N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit concentrations in human cases, and whether male and female subjects respond differently.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time RT-PCR normalized to GAPDH was used to assay NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunit mRNA in superior frontal (SFC) and primary motor (PMC) cortex tissue obtained at autopsy from chronic alcoholics with and without comorbid cirrhosis of the liver, and from matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of all three subunits was significantly lower in both areas of cirrhotic alcoholics than in either controls or alcoholics without comorbid disease, who did not differ significantly. Values were also influenced by the subject's sex and genotype. The mu-opiate receptor C1031G polymorphism selectively modulated NMDA transcript expression in cirrhotic-alcoholic SFC, an effect that was more marked for NR1 and NR2A than for NR2B subunit transcripts. Contrasting 5HT1B genotypes affected NMDA mRNA expression differently in male and female SFC, but not PMC, in cirrhotic alcoholics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NMDA receptor subunit expression may differentially influence male and female cirrhotic alcoholics' susceptibility to brain damage.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Justin P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ridge
authors.forename: Ada M-C
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Dodd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate