title: CXC chemokines play a critical role in liver injury, recovery, and regeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a principal consideration of trauma, resectional liver surgery, and transplantation. Despite improvements in supportive care, hepatic I/R injury continues to negatively impact patient outcomes because of significant tissue damage and organ dysfunction. CXC chemokines have been implicated as key mediators in the deleterious inflammatory cascade after hepatic I/R and also as important, beneficial regulators of liver recovery and regeneration. As such, their potential to mediate both beneficial and detrimental effects on hepatocytes makes them a key target for therapy. Herein, we provide a review of the inflammatory mechanisms of hepatic I/R injury, with a focus on the divergent functions of CXC chemokines in this response compared with other liver insults, and offer an explanation of this apparent paradox.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE and PubMed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CXC chemokines are key mediators of both the inflammatory response to hepatic I/R as well as the recovery from this injury. Their contrasting functions in the regeneration of liver mass after an ischemic insult indicates that therapeutic manipulation of these mediator pathways should differ depending on the surgical milieu.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0558, USA.
authors.forename: Callisia N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuboki
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tevar
authors.forename: Alex B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lentsch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D018836:Inflammation Mediators