title: Drug susceptibility testing using molecular techniques can enhance tuberculosis diagnosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sputum samples were collected from tuberculosis patients in a high tuberculosis incidence area in the Western Cape, South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and time to diagnosis of a genotypic drug susceptibility testing method.
  
  
  METHODS
  During June 2000 and November 2003, a total of 1,540 samples were sent for drug susceptibility testing (DST) to the national health laboratory services, and of those, a phenotypic DST result was obtained for 1,373 samples whereas a genotypic DST result was obtained for 1,301 of 1,540 samples. Performance-based calculations were done on 1,244 samples for which both a phenotypic and genotypic DST result was available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reproducibility of the genotypic and phenotypic DST methods was 97% and 95%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the genotypic DST method was 68% and 99% for Isoniazid and 87% and 99% for Rifampicin, respectively. Smear gradation was found to influence the performance of the genotypic DST method. The genotypic DST method gave accurate DST results for 75% of the samples within 20 days (range, 15-25), whereas the phenotypic DST results were only available for 75% of the samples after 38 days (range, 26-115) (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the genotypic DST could improve tuberculosis control by rapid diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis. This finding may have important implications for the control of drug resistant tuberculosis as it may reduce the chance for further transmission events.
authors.affiliation: DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research / MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, Tygerberg, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
authors.forename: Rabia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Annemie M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jordaan
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Marleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bosman
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Judit N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wain
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Van Helden
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Victor
mesh_terms: D015342:DNA Probes; D054908:Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes