title: Sense of coherence--a determinant of quality of life over time in older female acute myocardial infarction survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationships between different sense of coherence levels and quality of life, and in older female myocardial infarction survivors; to investigate how socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, sense of coherence self-reported symptoms and function affect quality of life; and to determine whether sense of coherence and quality of life are stable during a six-month follow-up.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Myocardial infraction confers new physical and mental challenges. However, research on sense of coherence and other factors involved in maintaining physical, psychosocial and environmental aspects of quality of life in older female myocardial infraction survivors is scant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A postal survey was conducted of 145 women, aged 62-80 years, three months to five years after myocardial infarction (T1), with a follow-up after six months (T2). Self-reported socio-demographic and clinical data and hospital medical records data were collected. The sense of coherence scale (SOC-29) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Abbreviated (WHOQOL-BREF) were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant difference in quality of life between weak, moderate, and strong sense of coherence groups (p<0.001). Sense of coherence contributed to the level of all quality of life domains (p<0.001). Several clinical characteristics contributed to quality of life: (1) physical domain: comorbidities (p<0.001), previous myocardial infarction (p = 0.013), ejection fraction (p<0.011), length of hospital stay (p = 0.005) symptoms and function (p<0.001); (2) psychological domain: previous myocardial infarction (p = 0.031) and symptoms and function (p<0.001); and (3) environmental domain: education (p = 0.033) and symptoms and function (p = 0.003). On group level, both sense of coherence and quality of life were stable. Experiencing specific health changes (p<0.001), not major life events, influenced quality of life during the six-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sense of coherence was an important stable determinant of quality of life domains in female myocardial infarction survivors. Although other factors were identified, further research is needed to elucidate additional determinants of quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These specific factors could guide clinicians in making treatment decisions that optimize the quality of life of their patients. Applying a salutogenic perspective through patient education may be important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital and University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. tone.norekval@helse-bergen.no
authors.forename: Tone M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Norekvål
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fridlund
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moons
authors.forename: Jan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nordrehaug
authors.forename: Hans I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Saevareid
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wentzel-Larsen
authors.forename: Berit R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Hanestad
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*