title: The value of protecting the longitudinal staple line with invaginating sutures during esophageal reconstruction by gastric tube pull-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radical surgery with lymphadenectomy offers the best chance of curing esophageal cancer, but it carries considerable risks. Generally, the resected esophagus is replaced with a gastric tube. Rupture of the gastric tube staple line is a rare but serious surgical complication. One unresolved issue is whether oversewing of the longitudinal gastric staple line is necessary to avoid staple line rupture or insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2000 and February 2008, 199 patients underwent esophageal resection for cancer or perforation at the Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna. Data were collected prospectively. Of these patients, 151 (75.9%) underwent reconstruction by pulling up a gastric tube. These comprised the study population. In 83 patients (55.0%) the longitudinal gastric staple line was not oversewn (group A). In 68 patients (45.0%) the staple line was reinforced by invaginating sutures (group B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 62.0 +/- 10.6 years (median: 63.1 years). Males comprised 75.5% of the population. Adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 77 patients (51.0%), 63 patients (41.7%) suffered from a squamous cell carcinoma, 10 patients (6.6%) had esophageal perforation, and in 1 patient (0.7%) a gastrointestinal stromal tumor was diagnosed. In group A, a leak within the staple line was observed in 4 of 83 patients (4.9%). No leak was found in group B (p = 0.09). Major surgical complications included anastomotic leakage (21 patients; 13.9%), gastric tip necrosis (3 patients; 2%), postoperative ileus (3 patients; 2.0%) and chylothorax (7 patients; 4.6%). Two major intraoperative complications (1.3%) were splenic injury and aortic bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A remarkable but not statistically significant difference was found regarding staple line rupture between study groups. However, all leaks were seen in patients without a staple line suture.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University Clinic of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerd R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Silberhumer
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Györi
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burghuber
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neumayer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riegler
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jakesz
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prager
authors.forename: Sebastian F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Schoppmann
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zacherl
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous; D017792:Surgical Stapling; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome