Role of depressive symptoms in explaining socioeconomic status disparities in dietary quality and central adiposity among US adults: a structural equation modeling approach.
BACKGROUND
The link between socioeconomic status (SES), depression, dietary quality, and central adiposity remains unclear.


OBJECTIVE
Pathways linking SES to dietary quality and central adiposity through depressive symptoms were examined across sex-ethnicity groups.


METHODS
Extensive data on US adults aged 30-64 y from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study were used in multiple linear logistic regression models and structural equation models to test pathway associations. Measures included Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scores, 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) values, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sample sizes for most analyses ranged between 1789 for anthropometric outcomes and 1227 for trunk fat outcomes.


RESULTS
The CES-D score was associated with lower HEI scores in all sex-ethnicity groups, except in African American men, and with higher waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs) among African American women. A CES-D score > or =16 was positively associated with waist circumference (WC) and with trunk fat among white women and men, respectively. SES was positively related to central adiposity among African American men (central obesity and WC) and African American women (central obesity and percentage trunk fat) but was inversely related to central adiposity among white women. Among whites only, the total positive effect of SES on HEI was significantly mediated by CES-D score. Among white women, the total inverse effect of SES on WC and WHR was significantly explained by the CES-D score and HEI, whereas the CES-D score was positively associated with WHR among African American women, independently of SES.


CONCLUSIONS
Future mental health interventions targeted at reducing SES disparities in dietary quality and central adiposity may have different effects across sex-ethnicity groups.
Beydoun
May A
MA
Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. baydounm@mail.nih.gov
Kuczmarski
Marie T Fanelli
MT
Mason
Marc A
MA
Ling
Shari M
SM
Evans
Michele K
MK
Zonderman
Alan B
AB
D050153:Abdominal Fat; D050154:Adiposity / Q000208:ethnology; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D003863:Depression / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D044465:White People