title: The complete genome of Comamonas testosteroni reveals its genetic adaptations to changing environments.
abstract: Members of the gram-negative, strictly aerobic genus Comamonas occur in various environments. Here we report the complete genome of Comamonas testosteroni strain CNB-2. Strain CNB-2 has a circular chromosome that is 5,373,643 bp long and has a G+C content of 61.4%. A total of 4,803 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified; 3,514 of these ORFs are functionally assigned to energy production, cell growth, signal transduction, or transportation, while 866 ORFs encode hypothetical proteins and 423 ORFs encode purely hypothetical proteins. The CNB-2 genome has many genes for transportation (22%) and signal transduction (6%), which allows the cells to respond and adapt to changing environments. Strain CNB-2 does not assimilate carbohydrates due to the lack of genes encoding proteins involved in glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways, and it contains many genes encoding proteins involved in degradation of aromatic compounds. We identified 66 Tct and nine TRAP-T systems and a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle, which may allow CNB-2 to take up and metabolize a range of carboxylic acids. This nutritional bias for carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds enables strain CNB-2 to occupy unique niches in environments. Four different sets of terminal oxidases for the respiratory system were identified, and they putatively functioned at different oxygen concentrations. This study conclusively revealed at the genomic level that the genetic versatility of C. testosteroni is vital for competition with other bacteria in its special niches.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jia-Yue
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dong-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yongqian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Huajun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Sheng-Yue
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cheng-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Guo-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shuang-Jiang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D001482:Base Composition; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial; D020604:Comamonas testosteroni / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D004270:DNA, Circular / Q000235:genetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D023061:Gene Order; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004270:DNA, Circular