title: Haemostatic system, biochemical profiles, kynurenines and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in peritoneally dialyzed patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The haemostatic and biochemical abnormalities participate in the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in peritoneally dialysed (PD) patients. Recently, the role of kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan (TRP) degradation in the development of CVD has been postulated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was undertaken to investigate haemostatic parameters, biochemical profiles and kynurenines in PD patients both with and without CVD compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The multiple biochemical abnormalities were present in PD patients, particularly in those with CVD. Tissue factor (TF), its inhibitor (TFPI), prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F(1+2)), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its soluble receptor (suPAR), plasmin/antiplasmin (PAP) complexes, KYN, kynurenic (KYNA) and quinolinic (QA) acids levels were significantly higher, whereas TRP was significantly lower in the PD patients than in the controls. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were higher in the patients with CVD than in the patients without CVD and controls. PD patients with CVD had higher F(1+2), and they had lower suPAR and KYNA levels compared with PD patients without CVD. KYNA was positively associated with TFPI, whereas its was inversely associated with F(1+2) both in the whole PD group and in CVD patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that low KYNA, high glucose, low HDL-cholesterol levels and the duration of dialysis treatment were independently associated with the presence of CVD in PD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests a relationship between kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, haemostatic and biochemical disturbances and CVD prevalence in peritoneally dialyzed patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland. krystynapawlak@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mysliwiec
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pawlak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000378:metabolism; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D007736:Kynurenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000379:methods; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D017378:Quinolinic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D007737:Kynurenine; D014364:Tryptophan; D011516:Prothrombin; D013925:Thromboplastin; D005341:Fibrinolysin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D017378:Quinolinic Acid; D007736:Kynurenic Acid