title: Genetic heterogeneity and recombination in canine noroviruses.
abstract: Alphatronlike (genogroup IV [GIV]) noroviruses (NoVs) have been recently identified in carnivores. By screening a collection of 183 fecal samples collected during 2007 from dogs with enteric signs, the overall NoV prevalence was found to be 2.2% (4/183). A unique strain, Bari/91/07/ITA, resembled GIV.2 NoVs in its ORF1 (polymerase complex), while it was genetically unrelated in its full-length ORF2 (capsid gene) to GIV animal and human NoVs (54.0 to 54.4% amino acid identity) and to any other NoV genogroup (<54.7% amino acid identity). It displayed the highest identity (58.1% amino acid identity) to unclassified human strain Chiba/040502/04/Jp. Interestingly, the very 5' end of ORF2 of the canine virus matched short noroviral sequences (88.9% nucleotide identity and 98.9% amino acid identity) identified from oysters in Japan, indicating that similar viruses may be common environmental contaminants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy. v.martella@veterinaria.uniba.it
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martella
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Decaro
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lorusso
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radogna
authors.forename: Paschalina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moschidou
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amorisco
authors.forename: Maria Stella
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lucente
authors.forename: Costantina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desario
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: Krisztian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banyai
authors.forename: Leland Eugene
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.forename: Canio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buonavoglia
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins