title: Blood volume measurement with indocyanine green pulse  spectrophotometry: dose and site of dye administration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  (1) To determine the optimal administration site and dose of indocyanine green (ICG) for blood volume measurement using pulse spectrophotometry, (2) to assess the variation in repeated blood volume measurements for patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage and (3) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technique in patients who were treated for an intracranial aneurysm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four repeated measurements of blood volume (BV) were performed in random order of bolus dose (10 mg or 25 mg ICG) and venous administration site (peripheral or central) in eight patients admitted for treatment of an intracranial aneurysm. Another five patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage underwent three repeated BV measurements with 25 mg ICG at the same administration site to assess the coefficient of variation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SD in BV was 4.38 +/- 0.88 l (n=25) and 4.69 +/- 1.11 l (n=26) for 10 mg and 25 mg ICG, respectively. The mean +/- SD in BV was 4.59 +/- 1.15 l (n= 26) and 4.48 +/- 0.86 l (n=25) for central and peripheral administration, respectively. No significant difference was found. The coefficient of variance of BV measurement with 25 mg of ICG was 7.5% (95% CI: 3-12%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no significant difference between intravenous administration of either 10 or 25 mg ICG, and this can be injected through either a peripheral or central venous catheter. The 7.5% coefficient of variation in BV measurements determines the detectable differences using ICG pulse spectrophotometry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Room H6-150, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. M.R.Germans@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Menno R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Germans
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: de Witt Hamer
authors.forename: Leonard J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Boven
authors.forename: Koos A H
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Zwinderman
authors.forename: Gerrit J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bouma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D001811:Blood Volume Determination / Q000379:methods*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000592:standards; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003720:Densitometry / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green