title: Suppression of galectin-3 expression enhances apoptosis and chemosensitivity in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal disease with high resistance to anticancer drugs. This is probably in part due to enhanced resistance to apoptosis. We have previously shown that galectin-3 (Gal-3), a beta-galactoside-binding lectin, is highly expressed in CCA tissues. In this study, we demonstrated further that Gal-3 plays a direct role in anti-apoptosis regardless of the apoptotic insults. The anti-apoptotic activity and chemoresistance of CCA cells were related to Gal-3 expression level. Suppression of Gal-3 expression with siRNA stimulated apoptosis. siGal-3-K626 transiently depleted Gal-3 expression to the baseline and dramatically induced apoptosis, while siGal-3-K402 suppressed Gal-3 expression by 50% and provoked cell apoptosis, but only under apoptotic insults (hypoxic conditions or short UV radiation). These actions were reversed in Gal-3 overexpressing CCA cells. The correlation between the degree of anti-apoptotic activity and the level of endogenous Gal-3 was demonstrated. Suppression of Gal-3 expression in CCA cells with siGal-3-K402 significantly enhanced apoptosis induced by cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil by approximately 10 times, whereas overexpression of Gal-3 led to an increased resistance to drugs. In summary, the present study showed that the cellular level of Gal-3 might contribute to the anti-apoptotic activity and chemoresistance of CCA cells. Hence, Gal-3 expression level in cancer cells or tissues may be a marker for predicting chemotherapeutic response, and Gal-3 may be a specific gene-targeting therapy option for treating CCA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. sopit@kku.ac.th
authors.forename: Sopit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wongkham
authors.forename: Mutita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Junking
authors.forename: Chaisiri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wongkham
authors.forename: Banchob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sripa
authors.forename: Siri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chur-In
authors.forename: Norie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000150:complications*; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D034622:RNA Interference
chemical_list: D037502:Galectin 3