title: Bacterial nitric oxide detoxification prevents host cell S-nitrosothiol formation: a novel mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis.
abstract: S-nitrosylation is an important mediator of multiple nitric oxide-dependent biological processes, including eukaryotic cellular events such as macrophage apoptosis and proinflammatory signaling. Many pathogenic bacteria possess NO detoxification mechanisms, such as the nitric oxide reductase (NorB) of Neisseria meningitidis and the flavohemoglobins (Hmp) of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, which serve to protect the microorganism from nitrosative stress within the intracellular environment. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of meningococcal NorB increases the rate at which low-molecular-weight S-nitrosothiol (SNO) decomposes in vitro. To determine whether this effect occurs in cells during infection by bacteria, we induced SNO formation in murine macrophages by activation with lipopolysaccharide and gamma-interferon and observed a reduced abundance of SNO during coincubation with N. meningitidis, S. enterica, or E. coli. In each case, this effect was shown to be dependent on bacterial NO detoxification genes, which act to prevent SNO formation through the removal of NO. This may represent a novel mechanism of host cell injury by bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Immunity, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Beech Hill Rd., Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK. j.r.laver@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Laver
authors.forename: Tânia M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Stevanin
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Messenger
authors.forename: Amy Dehn
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lunn
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: James W B
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moir
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Read
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D048168:Escherichia coli K12 / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D038541:Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000378:metabolism*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C034747:nitric-oxide reductase