title: Gastric emptying of enterally administered liquid meal in conscious rats and during sustained anaesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric motility studies are frequently conducted with anaesthetized animal models. Some studies on the same animal species have reported differences in vagal control of the stomach that could not be explained solely by slightly different experimental conditions. A possible limitation in the comparison between similar studies relates to the use of different anaesthetic agents. Furthermore, anaesthetic effects may also limit generalizations between mechanistic studies of gastric function and the gastric function of conscious animals. In the present study, we used the [(13)C]-breath test following a liquid mixed-nutrient test meal (Ensure), 1 ml) with the aim to investigate the rate of gastric emptying in animals that were either conscious or anaesthetized with either Inactin or urethane.
  
  
  METHODS
  One week after determining the maximum (13)CO(2) concentration, time to peak [(13)C] recovery and gastric half emptying time in control, conscious rats, we repeated the experiment in the same rats anaesthetized with Inactin or urethane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data show that Inactin anaesthesia prolonged the time to peak [(13)C] recovery but did not significantly reduce the maximum (13)CO(2) concentration nor delay gastric half emptying time. Conversely, urethane anaesthesia resulted in a significant slowing of all parameters of gastric emptying as measured by the maximum (13)CO(2) concentration, time to peak [(13)C] recovery and half emptying time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that Inactin(R) anaesthesia does not significantly affect gastric emptying while urethane anaesthesia profoundly impairs gastric emptying. We suggest that Inactin(R), not urethane, is the more suitable anaesthetic for gastrointestinal research.
authors.affiliation: Neurotrauma and Nutrition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Qualls-Creekmore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001944:Breath Tests; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005526:Food, Formulated; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013874:Thiopental / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014520:Urethane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; C082131:Ensure formulated food; C004316:thiobutabarbital; D014520:Urethane; D013874:Thiopental