title: Anti-inflammatory effect of parenteral fish oil lipid emulsion on human activated mononuclear leukocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of fish oil-based (FO) lipid emulsions (LE) for parenteral administration with standard LE and a new FO containing LE composed of four different oils on the antigen presentation and inflammatory variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activated human mononuclear leukocytes were cultured with different LE - Control: without LE; SO: soybean oil; SO/FO: soybean and FO (4:1); MCT/SO: medium chain triglycerides and SO (1:1); MCT/SO/FO: MCT/SO and FO (4:1) and SMOF: a new LE containing FO. Cytokine production was evaluated by ELISA, the expression of antigen-presenting and co-stimulatory surface molecules were analyzed by flow cytometry and lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by H(3)-Thymidine incorporation, after tetanus toxoid-induced activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All LE decreased the HLA-DR and increased CD28 and CD152 expression on monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes surface (p < 0.05). SO/FO and MCT/SO/FO decreased lymphocyte proliferation (p<0.05). All LE decreased IL-2 production, but this effect was enhanced with MCT/SO/FO and SMOF (p < 0.05). MCT/SO/FO decreased IL-6 and increased IL-10, whereas SO had the opposite effect (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FO LE inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and had an anti-inflammatory effect. These effects seem to be enhanced when FO is mixed with MCT/SO. SMOF had a neutral impact on lymphocyte proliferation and IL-6 and IL-10 production.
authors.affiliation: METANUTRI/Laboratório de Fisiologia e Distúrbios Esfincterianos (LIM35), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil. metanutri@terr.com.br
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manzoni Jacintho
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gotho
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gidlund
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García Marques
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torrinhas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirtes Sales
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Linetzky Waitzberg
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D005395:Fish Oils