title: Regional and practice variation in adherence to guideline recommendations for secondary and primary prevention among outpatients with atherothrombosis or risk factors in the United States: a report from the REACH Registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To reduce atherothrombosis-related morbidity and mortality, implementation of guideline-recommended therapies for primary and secondary prevention is necessary. Few data are available for outpatients in actual clinical practice, especially those without known heart disease treated by physicians trained in different specialties across the geographic regions of the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  The REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry compiled data on atherosclerosis risk factors and treatment in an office-based setting. A total of 25,686 outpatients in the United States aged > or =45 years with either established atherothrombotic disease (n = 19,069) or > or =3 atherosclerosis risk factors (n = 6617) were enrolled between 2003 and 2004. Preventive medication use was analyzed according to the geographic region and specialty of the treating physician.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across the United States, 82% of patients with known disease were receiving at least 1 antiplatelet therapy, 83% were receiving a lipid-lowering agent, 65% were receiving an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), and 57% were receiving a beta-blocker; only 65% were on > or =3 of 4 of these classes of medications. For primary prevention, 62% were taking at least 1 antiplatelet agent, 77% were receiving a statin, 75% were receiving an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or ARB, and 79% were receiving > or =2 of 3 of these classes of drugs. Among physician specialties, cardiologists had the highest rates of prescribing > or =3 of 4 major classes of secondary prevention and > or =2 of 3 classes of primary prevention medications. Regionally, the Northeast had the highest and the South the lowest rates of utilization of prevention medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adherence to guideline-recommended preventive therapies in the outpatient setting was affected by patient characteristics, geographical region, and treating physician specialty. Novel approaches may be needed to improve the use of evidence-based, guideline-recommended therapies in these outpatient settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Gregg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fonarow
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Eagle
authors.forename: Alan T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alberts
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Boden
authors.forename: P Gabriel
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Steg
authors.forename: Mingyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Deepak L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cannon
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000592:standards*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000592:standards; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors