title: Violent hiccups: an infrequent cause of bradyarrhythmias.
abstract: A hiccup, or singultus, results from a sudden, simultaneous, vigorous contraction of the diaphragm and inspiratory muscles, accompanied by closure of the glottis. Hiccups can be associated with bradyarrhythmias. The mechanism of this phenomenon is likely hiccup-induced Valsalva maneuver and increased parasympathetic tone. We present a case of a patient with violent hiccups producing a bradyarrhythmia.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Orange CA.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Subramaniam C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Krishnan