title: Bone morphogenetic protein-6 induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages.
abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily. In the present study, we investigated the effect of BMPs on the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, and in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Among the BMPs, only BMP-6 induced iNOS expression in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner in both cell types. Induction of iNOS was inhibited by both cycloheximide and actinomycin D, indicating that the induction of iNOS expression by BMP-6 requires new protein synthesis. Mechanistic studies revealed that the BMP-6-induced iNOS expression requires both Smads and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) signalling pathways. Furthermore, induction of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was necessary for iNOS induction by BMP-6. These observations suggest that BMP-6 stimulates macrophages to produce iNOS through IL-1beta via Smad and NF-kappaB signalling pathways and that BMP-6 may be an important regulator of macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
authors.forename: Seok J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Geun T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wun J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Isaac Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D055418:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; C525816:BMP6 protein, human; D055418:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051785:Smad Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003609:Dactinomycin; D003513:Cycloheximide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II