Interplay between histone deacetylase SIR-2, linker histone H1 and histone methyltransferases in heterochromatin formation.
Maintenance of intact heterochromatin structure through epigenetic mechanisms is essential for cell survival. Defects in heterochromatin formation caused by loss of chromatin-modifying enzymes lead to genomic instability and cellular senescence. The NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase SIR-2 and the H1 linker histone are intriguing chromatin elements that are connected to chromatin regulation and cell viability in the single cellular eukaryotic organism yeast. However, it remains an open question how SIR-2 and H1 mediate heterochromatin formation in simple multi-cellular organisms such as C. elegans and in even more complex organisms such as mammals. Recently we have identified SIR-2.1 and the H1 histone subtype, HIS-24 as factors involved in heterochromatin regulation at subtelomeric regions in C. elegans. In addition we show that SIR-2.1, HIS-24 and MES-2, a ortholog to Enhancer of zeste E(Z) are functionally related in heterochromatin formation contributing to fertility and embryogenesis. Here we discuss the interplay between SIR-2, H1 histone and histone methyltransferases in modulation of chromatin structure in further detail.
Wirth
Martina
M
Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Laboratory of Chromatin Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany.
Jedrusik-Bode
Monika A
MA
D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D008745:Methylation; D008957:Models, Genetic; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D006570:Heterochromatin; D006657:Histones; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; C507014:SIR-2.1 protein, C elegans; D037761:Sirtuins