title: Recovery from schizophrenia: results from a 1-year follow-up observational study of patients in symptomatic remission.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report presents the results of an observational empirical clinical investigation about the prevalence and correlates of a proposed definition of recovery from schizophrenia in outpatients in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 1010 outpatients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR), a subgroup of 452 patients in symptomatic remission (SR) was followed for 1 year. SR was defined according to Andreasen's severity criteria based on the Scales for the Assessment of Positive (SAPS) and Negative (SANS) Symptoms. A Global Assessment of Functioning scale score of >80 was considered to be indicative of adequate functioning (AF). Correlates of recovery were identified by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 103 (22.8%; N=452) patients fulfilled the recovery definition (SR + AF). After 1 year, 338 patients (89.9%; N=376) maintained SR. Among these, the proportion of patients in recovery increased to 27.1% (102 out of 376). Better premorbid adjustment (PA) and improved social cognition correlated with recovery at baseline. After 1 year, PA, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), type of pharmacotherapy, attitudes toward medication, and variation of depressive symptoms and social cognition determined the likelihood of recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proportion of patients in recovery increased among those fulfilling SR criteria. After 1 year, in addition to known factors like shorter DUP and better PA, social cognitive abilities and depressive symptoms were found to correlate with recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CiberSam), Oviedo, Spain. bobes@uniovi.es
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bobes
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciudad
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: San
authors.forename: Pepa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Polavieja
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gilaberte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D019370:Observation / Q000379:methods; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012919:Social Behavior
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents