title: LMA supreme versus facemask ventilation performed by novices: a comparative study in morbidly obese patients showing difficult ventilation predictors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We designed a study to compare ventilation characteristics performed in morbidly obese patients by medical students via the facemask to that via the LMA Supreme.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, randomized, crossover study included 31 ASA I-III morbidly patients showing difficult mask ventilation predictors. After induction of anesthesia, ten medical students with no previous clinical experience in airway management, clinically educated to facemask ventilation maneuvers, and theoretically educated to laryngeal mask use were supervised by a senior anesthesiologist during performance of 60 s facemask and LMA Supreme ventilation in a randomly assigned order. Ventilation quality and difficulty were measured using an original score calculated as the sum of seven indicators (0=no ventilation and complications, 12=optimal and safe ventilation) and a visual analog scale (VAS; 0=no difficult-100=impossible), respectively. Values are presented as means (standard deviation) or medians [extremes].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age and body mass index of the patients were 39 years (12 years) and 44 kg m(-2) (7 kg m(-2)), respectively. One patient was excluded because of ventilation difficulty experienced by the senior anesthesiologist. Medical students successfully established ventilation with the LMA Supreme in all the 30 patients after a delay of 21 s (9 s) compared to 34 s (14 s) with the facemask (P<0.05). Failure of ventilation occurred in four patients with the facemask. Ventilation quality score was superior and ventilation difficulty (VAS 0-100) was inferior with the LMA Supreme than with the facemask (11 [10-12] and 9 [0-45] versus 5 [1-12] and 50 [5-100]); both P<0.05, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed that the LMA Supreme placed in novice hands systematically promoted easier ventilation of better quality than the facemask in morbidly obese patients showing difficult mask ventilation predictors. Our data suggest that the LMA Supreme could be considered as a standard airway management tool for both elective and rescue airway management of morbidly obese patients.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Department and Airway Management (Paris 13), University Diploma Group, Paris 13 School of Medicine, 93000 Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Widad
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Abdi
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dhonneur
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amathieu
authors.forename: Anis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adhoum
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kamoun
authors.forename: Velislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Slavov
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barrat
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Combes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy*; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017214:Laryngeal Masks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013337:Students, Medical; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome