title: Seven-year DOTS-Plus pilot experience in India: results, constraints and issues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  India is initiating the DOTS-Plus strategy at the national level.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To highlight the results, constraints and issues of a pilot DOTS-Plus experience in an urban setting in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of 126 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) enrolled from January 2002 to December 2006, who received a daily fully supervised standardised treatment regimen under a pilot DOTS-Plus study in India, were analysed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 126 patients enrolled, 61% were cured, 19% died, 18% defaulted and 3% failed treatment. There was an average delay of 5 months in the diagnosis of MDR-TB and a subsequent delay of approximately 3.3 months in initiating treatment. Of the 24 patients who died, 29% did so within a month of starting treatment. Migration was the most common reason for default. Cycloserine (CYC) had to be stopped in 15 patients and kanamycin (KM) in five due to major adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DOTS-Plus programme in resource-poor settings may provide reasonable results; however, it may confront significant operational difficulties in the timely diagnosis and early initiation of treatment. Early diagnosis and start of treatment may prevent some deaths. Default is commonly due to migration. CYC proved to be the most toxic drug, followed by KM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases, Lala Ram Sarup Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarin
authors.forename: U K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mathuria
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Visalakshi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Behera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D023801:Directly Observed Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016730:Program Development; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult