title: Switching to sirolimus in renal transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus: a safe option.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in renal transplant recipients is an independent risk factor for death and graft failure. Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) favored by the use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) is one of the main causes of graft loss, whereas sirolimus (SRL) has proven to maintain better graft function with lower rates of CAN.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We developed a protocol to evaluate the safety of SRL in transplant recipients with respect to HCV. We studied 5 patients (3 men) of mean age 52 +/- 9.2 years with HCV who had not received antiviral treatment. The viral genotypes were 1b in 4 cases and 2a/2c in 1 case. Basic immunosuppression was mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and corticosteroids in all patients, cyclosporine (CsA) in 4 cases, and tacrolimus (Tac) in 1 case. Before the switch, a renal biopsy was performed and viral replication and cryoglobulins determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biopsy provided a diagnosis of CAN in 1 case, CNI toxicity-associated CAN in 2 cases, CNI toxicity in 1 case, and no renal damage in the remaining case. We observed a nonsignificant decrease in the number (log) of viral copies with a stabilization of renal function but with a slight to moderate increase in proteinuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The switch seemed to be safe with no increase in viral copies. Graft renal function remained stable with increased proteinuria that must be supervised, even though it did not reach statistical significance.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitario of Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. rgalsam@gobiernodecanarias.org
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallego
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Henriquez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hortal
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sablón
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palop
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vega
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012449:Safety; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020123:Sirolimus