title: [Development and preliminary application of orthodontic friction dynamic testing apparatus].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design and assemble an orthodontic friction prototype testing apparatus and evaluate its performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simulating progressive tooth tipping movement, results of the operating friction trials are reported at different archwire-bracket angulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An orthodontic friction testing apparatus was designed and developed, by which the complexity of tooth movements observed with in vivo sliding mechanics was simulated and a series of in vitro friction experiments were conducted. This friction testing apparatus enables previously unattainable testing of the orthodontic archwire-bracket-ligation interface. In the passive configuration or the active configuration with second-order angulation, the friction in sliding mechanics was measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The apparatus presented has the ability to allow for a high standard of basic hypothesis testing, product development and performance evaluation with relative ease. Furthermore, it will be the prototype of a computer-controlled multifunctional friction testing device in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jiu-xiang
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yan-heng
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017276:Friction; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation