title: First-line treatment: a critical appraisal of cognitive behavioral therapy developments and alternatives.
abstract: In this article, the authors assess the successes, remaining challenges, and new developments in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders. They define CBT, examine treatment components, review treatment efficacy, and discuss the challenges of attrition, long-term follow-up, co-occurring/comorbid disorders, limited treatment comparisons, treatment mediators, and broader implementation. In addition, they present recent developments in cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders, including linking exposure therapy to basic science, mindfulness and acceptance-based treatments, and unified or transdiagnostic treatment protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA. jarch@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Joanna J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Arch
authors.forename: Michelle G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Craske
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D003887:Desensitization, Psychologic / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D012064:Relaxation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016312:Treatment Refusal