title: Design and testing of a packaged microfluidic cell for the multiplexed electrochemical detection of cancer markers.
abstract: We present the rapid prototyping of electrochemical sensor arrays integrated to microfluidics towards the fabrication of integrated microsystems prototypes for point-of-care diagnostics. Rapid prototyping of microfluidics was realised by high-precision milling of polycarbonate sheets, which offers flexibility and rapid turnover of the desired designs. On the other hand, the electrochemical sensor arrays were fabricated using standard photolithographic and metal (gold and silver) deposition technology in order to realise three-electrode cells comprising gold counter and working electrodes as well as silver reference electrode. The integration of fluidic chips and electrode arrays was realised via a laser-machined double-sided adhesive gasket that allowed creating the microchannels necessary for sample and reagent delivery. We focused our attention on the reproducibility of the electrode array preparation for the multiplexed detection of tumour markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen and prostate-specific antigen as well as genetic breast cancer markers such as estrogen receptor-alpha, plasminogen activator urokinase receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor and erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2. We showed that by carefully controlling the electrode surface pre-treatment and derivatisation via thiolated antibodies or short DNA probes that the detection of several key health parameters on a single chip was achievable with excellent reproducibility and high sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Olivier Yves
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fragoso
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Beni
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laboria
authors.forename: Josep Lluis Acero
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Latta
authors.forename: Frithoj
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Von Germar
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Drese
authors.forename: Ioanis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Katakis
authors.forename: Ciara Kathleen
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D004247:DNA; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen