title: Kidney retrieval after sudden out of hospital refractory cardiac arrest: a cohort of uncontrolled non heart beating donors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To counter the shortage of kidney grafts in France, a non heart beating donor (NHBD) program has recently been implemented. The aim of this study was to describe this pilot program for kidney retrieval from "uncontrolled" NHBD meaning those for whom attempts of resuscitation after a witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) have failed (Maastricht 1 and 2), in a centre previously trained for retrieval from brain dead donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, monocentric, descriptive study concerning NHBD referred to our institution from February 2007 to June 2008. The protocol includes medical transport of refractory CA under mechanical ventilation and external cardiac massage, kidney protection by insertion of an intraaortic double-balloon catheter (DBC) with perfusion of a hypothermic solution, kidney retrieval and kidney preservation in a hypothermic pulsatile perfusion machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  122 potential NHBD were referred to our institution after a mean resuscitation attempt of 35 minutes (20-95). Regarding the contraindications, 63 were finally accepted and 56 had the DBC inserted. Organ retrieval was performed in 27 patients (43%) and 31 kidneys out of the 54 procured (57%) have been transplanted. Kidney transplantation exclusion was related to family refusal (n = 15), past medical history, time constraints, viral serology, high vascular ex vivo resistance of the graft and macroscopic abnormalities. The 31 kidneys exhibited an expected high delayed graft function rate (92%). Despite these initial results transplanted kidney had good creatinine clearance at six months (66 +/- 24 ml/min) with a 89% graft survival rate at six months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the feasibility and efficacy of an organ procurement program targeting NHBD allowing a 10% increase in the kidney transplantation rate over 17 months. With a six months follow-up period, the results of transplanted kidney function were excellent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-7 Diderot, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France. fabienne.fieux@sls.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fieux
authors.forename: Marie-Reine
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Losser
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bourgeois
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Marie
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaudez
authors.forename: Imad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abboud
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Donay
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roussin
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mourey
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adnet
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jacob
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016730:Program Development; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration*