title: Retinoblastoma: a recent experience at the National University Hospital, Singapore.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinoblastoma is a very rare disease. There were 30 cases of retinoblastoma diagnosed and treated at National University Hospital (NUH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed on the medical records of 30 patients who were diagnosed with retinoblastoma between 1995 and 2008 at the Department of Paediatrics, National University Hospital, Singapore.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age at diagnosis was 1.6 years (range, 0-5.9) with a median follow-up of 1.8 years (range, 0.1 to 11.6). The median time from presenting signs to the time of diagnosis was 5.2 months (range, 0-25.2). Common presenting signs of retinoblastoma were identified; the most common of which were leukocoria (50.0%), squinting (13.3%), poor vision (10.0%), strabismus (6.6%) and unknown (33.3%). Of the 30 patients, 10 were from Singapore whilst the other 20 patients were from the surrounding countries. Twelve patients had bilateral disease at the time of diagnosis, while 18 had unilateral disease. Staging information was available in 27 patients. Enucleation was performed in 25 of 30 patients. Radiation therapy was given in 3 patients in 1995 (bilateral disease), 2001 (bilateral disease) and 2003 (unilateral disease). At the time of analysis, 19 patients were alive with no evidence of disease. Overall 5-year survival for the cohort was 88.1% [95% confidence interval (CI), 88.0-100] and event-free survival for the whole cohort was 74.2% (95% CI, 55.8-92.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our limited experience, the importance of collaboration and standardisation of the staging system, raising awareness and education of primary healthcare providers and parents are strongly stressed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Institute and Department of Paediatrics, National University Hospital, Singapore. paev2@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: LeLe
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aung
authors.forename: Yiong Huak
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Eng Juh
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Yeoh
authors.forename: Poh Lin
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Thuan Chong
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Quah
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011681:Pupil Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D013285:Strabismus; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014786:Vision Disorders