Hypersensitivity syndrome induced by anticonvulsants: possible cross-reactivity between carbamazepine and lamotrigine.
A 14-year-old male presents with erythroderma and fever 44 days after carbamazepine intake. Laboratory exams show eosinophilia and elevated liver enzymes, and thoracic imaging reveals interstitial pneumonitis. All symptoms disappear after carbamazepine withdrawal. A patch test to carbamazepine performed 6 weeks after recovery is positive. About 8 months later, the patient exhibits the same clinical and biological picture 52 days after lamotrigine intake. Lamotrigine is stopped and all symptoms disappear. A patch test to LMG is positive. This case illustrates a possible cross-reactivity between carbamazepine and lamotrigine, which are aromatic and nonaromatic anticonvulsants, respectively.
Aouam
Karim
K
Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia. aouam_k@yahoo.fr
Ben Romdhane
Foued
F
Loussaief
Chaouki
C
Salem
Randa
R
Toumi
Adnène
A
Belhadjali
Hichem
H
Chaabane
Amel
A
Boughattas
Naceur A
NA
Chakroun
Mohamed
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008297:Male; D010328:Patch Tests; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013577:Syndrome; D014227:Triazines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014227:Triazines; D002220:Carbamazepine; D000077213:Lamotrigine