title: Impact of primary prophylaxis on febrile neutropenia within community practices in the US.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) primary prophylaxis is associated with a lower risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) than non-primary prophylaxis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective, cohort study of medical records from a random sample of patients with solid tumours and lymphomas treated in 99 community oncology practices in 2003 (n=5319). Consecutively-sampled patients treated with chemotherapy and either filgrastim (Neupogen), pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) or no G-CSF were included (n=3123). Multivariate logistic regression estimated the odds of FN in patients receiving G-CSF primary prophylaxis (within 3 days of first chemotherapy cycle) compared with non-primary prophylaxis (delayed or no G-CSF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients receiving primary prophylaxis were less likely to develop FN than patients receiving non-primary prophylaxis (OR=0.49, 95% CI 0.34-0.71, p<0.001). Chemotherapy characteristics were associated with development of FN including, receipt of at least three chemotherapy drugs versus one (OR=2.13, 95% CI 1.17-3.89, p=0.014) and regimens with at least one myelosuppressive drug (OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.19-4.73, p=0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients receiving G-CSF primary prophylaxis had significantly lower odds of developing FN than those receiving non-primary prophylaxis. Incidence of FN may be underestimated, as care not recorded in the medical oncologist's chart was not captured.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Department of Medicine-Oncology, New York, NY 10032, USA. dlh23@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hershman
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Vicki A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Malin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D000069585:Filgrastim; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; C455861:pegfilgrastim; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D000069585:Filgrastim