title: The geographic distribution, ownership, prices, and scope of practice at retail clinics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retail clinics are clinics within a retail store that provide simple acute and preventive care services for a fixed price without an appointment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe characteristics of retail clinics, including their location, scope of practice, prices, acceptance of insurance, and ownership, and to estimate the proportion of the U.S. population that lives within a short driving distance of such a clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 982 retail clinics operating as of August 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population living within a 5- and 10-minute driving distance of a retail clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In August 2008, 42 operators ran 982 clinics in 33 states; 88.4% were located in urban areas. Nearly half (44%) of all clinics were located in 5 states (Florida, California, Texas, Minnesota, and Illinois). All offered sore throat treatment (average price, $78) and more than 95% offered treatment of skin conditions, immunizations, pregnancy testing, and lipid or diabetes screening. Almost all (97%) accepted private insurance and Medicare fee-for-service (93%). Among 42 clinic operators, 25 are existing health care companies that operate 11% of the clinics, and 3 are for-profit retail chains that operate 73% of the clinics. An estimated 10.6% of the total U.S. and 13.4% of the urban U.S. population lives within a 5-minute driving distance of a retail clinic, whereas 28.7% (total) and 35.8% (urban) live within a 10-minute driving distance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our inventory of clinics stopped in August 2008 and estimates of proximity are based on 2000 census data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retail clinics are positioned to provide immunizations and care for simple acute conditions for a substantial segment of the urban U.S. population.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  California Healthcare Foundation.
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Rena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rudavsky
authors.forename: Craig Evan
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Ateev
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003132:Commerce; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005251:Fees, Medical; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health; D006278:Medicare; D010067:Ownership; D014481:United States