title: Synaptotagmin has an essential function in synaptic vesicle positioning for synchronous release in addition to its role as a calcium sensor.
abstract: A multitude of synaptic proteins interact at the active zones of nerve terminals to achieve the high temporal precision of neurotransmitter release in synchrony with action potentials. Though synaptotagmin has been recognized as the Ca2+ sensor for synchronous release, it may have additional roles of action. We address this question at the calyx of Held, a giant presynaptic terminal, that allows biophysical dissection of multiple roles of molecules in synaptic transmission. Using high-level expression recombinant adenoviruses, in conjunction with a stereotactic surgery in postnatal day 1 rats, we overcame the previous inability to molecular perturb the calyx by overexpression of a mutated synaptotagmin. We report that this mutation leaves intrinsic Ca2+ sensitivity of vesicles intact while it destabilizes the readily releasable pool of vesicles and loosens the tight coupling between Ca2+ influx and release, most likely by interfering with the correct positioning of vesicles with respect to Ca2+ channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Membrane Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany. syoung@gwdg.de
authors.forename: Samuel M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neher
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050861:Synaptotagmin II / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D050861:Synaptotagmin II; C494264:Syt2 protein, rat; D002118:Calcium