title: Use of PRD1 bacteriophage in groundwater viral transport, inactivation, and attachment studies.
abstract: PRD1, an icosahedra-shaped, 62 nm (diameter), double-stranded DNA bacteriophage with an internal membrane, has emerged as an important model virus for studying the manner in which microorganisms are transported through a variety of groundwater environments. The popularity of this phage for use in transport studies involving geologic media is due, in part, to its relative stability over a range of temperatures and low degree of attachment in aquifer sediments. Laboratory and field investigations employing PRD1 are leading to a better understanding of viral attachment and transport behaviors in saturated geologic media and to improved methods for describing mathematically subsurface microbial transport at environmentally significant field scales. Radioisotopic labeling of PRD1 is facilitating additional information about the nature of viral interactions with solid surfaces in geologic media, the importance of iron oxide surfaces, and allowing differentiation between inactivation and attachment in field-scale tracer tests.
authors.affiliation: US Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. rwharvey@usgs.gov
authors.forename: Ronald W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Joseph N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D025622:Bacteriophage PRD1; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology; D038301:Virus Inactivation; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide