title: Volume, frequency and participation in plain drinking water consumption by third and fourth-grade schoolchildren in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala.
abstract: Water intake was described and quantified in samples of urban Guatemalan schoolchildren stratified by gender and socio-economic status. The frequency of consumption and quantity of plain water drinking was estimated from one-day pictorial registries of all beverages, foods and snacks consumed over a 24-h period collected from 449 3rd and 4th graders from two social classes: 230 from higher SES and 219 from lower SES. Plain water was reported by 28.1% of participants on the day of registry. Quantities consumed ranged from 250 to 2250 ml. For the 449 one-day intake records, a cumulative total of 62,000 mL of water consumption was reported. This constitutes an average of 138+/-289 ml across all participants but, when divided by for water consumers only, the mean is 492+/-352 ml. Given the relatively low percentage of children consuming water, more attention is needed to ensure freely available, safe, drinking water in the school environment.
authors.affiliation: Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism, 17 Avenida #16-89(interior), Zona 11(Anillo Periferico), Guatemala City, 01011, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montenegro-Bethancourt
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vossenaar
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Doak
authors.forename: Noel W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Solomons
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D002648:Child; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D006166:Guatemala; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012923:Social Class; D013334:Students; D014505:Urban Population