title: Resequencing and copy number analysis of the human tyrosine kinase gene family in poorly differentiated gastric cancer.
abstract: The tyrosine kinase (TK) family is an important regulator of signaling pathways that control a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, and a substantial proportion of TK genes are genetically altered in cancer. To clarify the somatic mutation profile of TK genes and discover potential targets for gastric cancer (GC) therapy, we undertook a systematic screening of mutations in the kinase domains of all human TK genes (636 exons of 90 genes) in 17 GC cell lines and 52 microdissected primary GCs with poorly differentiated histology. We identified 26 non-synonymous alterations (22 genes in total) that included 11 sequence alterations in cell lines and 15 somatic mutations in primary tumors. Recurrent mutations were found in four genes including a known oncogene (NTRK3), the Src kinase family (LTK and CSK) and a potential Wnt signal activator (ROR2). In addition, we analyzed copy number alterations of all the TK gene loci in the same cohort samples by array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis and identified 24 high-level amplifications and two homozygous deletions. Both sequence alteration and frequent copy number aberration were detected in two TK genes (HCK and ERBB2), strongly suggesting that they encode potential oncogenes in GC. Our focused and integrated analyses of systemic resequencing and gene copy number have revealed the novel onco-kinome profile of GC and pave the way to a comprehensive understanding of the GC genome.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Genomics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Yukie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kokubu
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: Issei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: Johji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inazawa
authors.forename: Setsuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
authors.forename: Tatsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005091:Exons; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D052138:Genes, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D020812:Receptor, trkC / Q000235:genetics; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C489300:LTK protein, human; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C078717:ROR2 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors; D020812:Receptor, trkC; D019061:src-Family Kinases