title: [Current status and perspective of heavy ion beam therapy for patients with pelvic recurrence after primarily resected rectal cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the tolerance for and effectiveness of carbon ion radiotherapy in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a phase I / II dose escalation of carbon ion radiotherapy. One hundred twelve patients with 117 sites of locally recurrent cancer receiving carbon ion radiotherapy were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of 112 patients experienced National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria grade 3 to 5 acute reactions. The local control rate in patients treated with 67.2 GyE, 70.4 GyE and 73.6 GyE in the present study was 70%, 89% and 97% at 5 years, respectively. The overall survival rates in patients treated with 73.6 GyE were 72% at 3 years and 40% at 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbon ion radiotherapy seems to be a safe and effective modality in the management of locally recurrent rectal cancer, providing good local control and offering a survival advantage without unacceptable morbidity.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinoto
authors.forename: Yasuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shigeo
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imada
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D063193:Heavy Ion Radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000532:radiotherapy; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*