Secondary hyperparathyroidism: pathophysiology and treatment.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a frequently encountered problem in the management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Its pathophysiology is mainly due to hyperphosphatemia and vitamin D deficiency and resistance. This condition has a high impact on the mortality and morbidity of dialysis patients. Early diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism is crucial in the management of patients with CKD. The treatment remains a challenge for patients and their clinicians. It should include a combination of dietary phosphorus restriction, phosphate binders, vitamin D analogues, and calcimimetics.
Saliba
Wissam
W
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS 67206, USA. salibawissam@hotmail.com
El-Haddad
Boutros
B
D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*