title: Orbital pseudotumor.
abstract: Orbital pseudotumor is a benign condition that accounts for approximately 10% of all orbital mass lesions. Any part of the orbit may be involved. The etiology is unknown. The presentation may be either acute or subacute. Patients may present with a palpable mass, a swollen eyelid, congestion, pain, diminished ocular motility, and/or decreased visual acuity. Approximately, 25% of patients present with bilateral disease. A modest proportion of patients experience resolution of their symptoms without treatment. Biopsy is indicated for those who do not respond to, or relapse after, first-line therapy. Oral corticosteroids are the initial treatment and approximately 80% of patients respond. Roughly half of those who respond to corticosteroids relapse. Second-line therapy consists of either low-dose radiotherapy (20-30 Gy at 2 Gy per fraction), cytotoxic chemotherapy, or immunosuppressive agents. Radiotherapy results in long-term local control rates of 50% or higher. Limited lesions may be successfully resected. A small subset of patients may experience inexorable progression to a fixed, painful, sightless eye and require orbital exenteration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2000 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. mendwm@shands.ufl.edu
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mendenhall
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lessner
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D016727:Orbital Pseudotumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents