title: Pregnancy outcome in women with an intrauterine contraceptive device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate pregnancy outcome in patients who conceived with an intrauterine contraceptive device.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study comparing the pregnancy outcome of women with retained intrauterine device (n = 98), patients after intrauterine device removal in early pregnancy (n = 194), and pregnancies without an intrauterine device (n = 141,191) was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant linear association was documented among the 3 groups and adverse outcomes such as preterm delivery (18.4% in the retained intrauterine device, 14.4 % in removed intrauterine device, and 7.3% in the no-intrauterine device group; P < .001) and chorioamnionitis (7.1% in the retained intrauterine device, 4.1% in removed intrauterine device and 0.7% in the no-intrauterine device group; P < .001). The presence of retained or removed intrauterine device was found as an independent risk factor for both preterm delivery and chorioamnionitis in multivariable models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women conceiving with an intrauterine device are at increased risk for adverse obstetric outcomes, whereas the risk is higher for pregnancies with retained intrauterine device compared with early intrauterine device removal.
authors.affiliation: Joyce and Irving Goldman Medical School, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Hadas
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ganer
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohel
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sheiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors