title: Medication use in adolescents treated in a French psychiatric setting for acute manic or mixed episode.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the absence of recommendations from drug regulatory agencies for most medications to treat severe manic or mixed episode in adolescence, this study aims to (i) describe the pharmacological treatment prescribed in an inpatient setting for acute manic or mixed episodes in adolescents; (ii) determine whether type of episode, duration of stay, improvement, and psychotic features were associated with the nature of the given treatment; (iii) compare the results with evidence-based data.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1993 to 2003, we received 80 subjects, aged 12 to 20 years, consecutively hospitalized for a manic or mixed episode. Socio-demographic, clinical and treatment data were extracted by reviewing patients' charts. Treatment data were available for 75 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients received a combination treatment including mood stabilizer (82.6%), classical antipsychotic (AP) (86.6%) and atypical AP (24%). Despite prolonged hospitalisation (minimum stay = 17 days), 69 (86.2%) patients were scored very much or much improved at discharge. Secondary therapeutic options occurred in 15 subjects because of poor therapeutic response (N=13), severe adverse effects (N=5) or both. Two patients had electroconvulsive therapy as third therapeutic option. Adolescents with psychotic symptoms were significantly more frequently treated by lithium (Fisher exact test: p=0,0052). No other variable was associated with treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reported on patterns of medication use that mainly followed treatment recommendations and evidence-based data existing in adults. However, the presence of psychotic features appeared to favour the use of lithium in this French sample.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Angèle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Consoli
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brunelle
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bodeau
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Périsse
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deniau
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guilé
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen