title: Association of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease with vascular events in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with stroke and patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) are at high risk for vascular events and may not exhibit the signs and symptoms of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We investigated if asymptomatic PAD detected by ankle brachial index <0.9 is independently associated with recurrent vascular events in patients with stroke or TIA.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective longitudinal hospital-based cohort study, asymptomatic PAD was detected by ankle brachial index measurement in consecutive patients with stroke and patients with TIA. They were assessed for stroke risk factors, ankle brachial index measurement, and laboratory parameters known to be associated with stroke risk. These patients were followed for composite vascular events, including stroke, TIA, myocardial infarction, and vascular death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a 1-year period, 102 patients were evaluated, of whom 26% had asymptomatic PAD. All patients were followed for a median period of 2.1 years from the index stroke/TIA (range, 1.0 to 2.7 years) for vascular events. Kaplan-Meier curve showed fewer patients with asymptomatic PAD remained free of composite vascular events (48% compared with 84% in the no-PAD group; log rank, P=0.0001). Asymptomatic PAD was significantly associated with composite vascular events before (hazard ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.9 to 9.3; P=0.0003) and after adjustment for confounders (hazard ratio, from Model 1, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 7.2; P=0.03 and Model 2, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4 to 8.2, P=0.006). Asymptomatic PAD was also significantly associated with stroke before (hazard ratio, 6.5; 95% CI, 2.1 to 19.9; P=0.001) and after adjustment for confounders (hazard ratio from Model 1, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.5 to 15.3; P=0.009 and Model 2, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.5 to 17.6; P=0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with stroke or TIA, asymptomatic PAD is independently associated with recurrent vascular events and stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, UNC Stroke Program University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, USA. SenS@neurology.unc.edu
authors.forename: Souvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Effie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaltsas
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Jongyeol
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rosamond
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology