title: Inhibition of frog antimicrobial peptides by extracellular  products of the bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the extracellular products (ECPs) from Aeromonas hydrophila, a frog bacterial pathogen that is resistant to skin antimicrobial peptides of three different frog species Xenopus laevis, Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis, can modulate the activity of these peptides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ECPs were collected from cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae,a pathogen susceptible to skin antimicrobial peptides of all three tested frog species, and from cultures of Aer. hydrophila. They were tested for protease activity and for inhibition of the antimicrobial activity of natural peptide mixtures and single peptides of all three frog species against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. ECPs from cultures of Aer. hydrophila grown for 16, 24 and 36 h showed protease activity and inhibited the antibacterial activity of all peptides against E. coli ATCC 25922. In contrast, the ECPs from cultures of Kl. pneumoniae neither had protease activity nor inhibited the activity of any peptides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proteolytic ECPs of Aer. hydrophila have the ability to inhibit the skin antimicrobial peptides of frogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study provide new information on the association of ECPs with the resistance of Aer. hydrophila to frog antimicrobial peptides.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. ermin.schadich@pg.canterbury.ac.nz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schadich
authors.forename: A L J
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D001001:Anura; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001426:Bacterial Proteins