title: Coat variation in the domestic dog is governed by variants in three genes.
abstract: Coat color and type are essential characteristics of domestic dog breeds. Although the genetic basis of coat color has been well characterized, relatively little is known about the genes influencing coat growth pattern, length, and curl. We performed genome-wide association studies of more than 1000 dogs from 80 domestic breeds to identify genes associated with canine fur phenotypes. Taking advantage of both inter- and intrabreed variability, we identified distinct mutations in three genes, RSPO2, FGF5, and KRT71 (encoding R-spondin-2, fibroblast growth factor-5, and keratin-71, respectively), that together account for most coat phenotypes in purebred dogs in the United States. Thus, an array of varied and seemingly complex phenotypes can be reduced to the combinatorial effects of only a few genes.
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Edouard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cadieu
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Neff
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quignon
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: Heidi G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Bridgett M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Vonholdt
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rhue
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boyko
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Byers
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Dana S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Mosher
authors.forename: Abdel G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Elkahloun
authors.forename: Tyrone C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Spady
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: K Gordon
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Lark
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cargill
authors.forename: Carlos D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wayne
authors.forename: Elaine A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ostrander
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000235:genetics*; D051521:Fibroblast Growth Factor 5 / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006197:Hair / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D006239:Haplotypes; D053564:Keratins, Hair-Specific / Q000235:genetics*; D008126:Lod Score; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D019699:Thrombospondins / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D053564:Keratins, Hair-Specific; D019699:Thrombospondins; D051521:Fibroblast Growth Factor 5