title: Epidemiological serosurvey of hepatitis B in China--declining HBV prevalence due to hepatitis B vaccination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and hepatitis B core anti-body (anti-HBc) in a representative population in China 14 years after introduction of hepatitis B vaccination of infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  National serosurvey, with participants selected by multi-stage random sampling. Demographics and hepatitis B vaccination history collected by questionnaire and review of vaccination records, and serum tested for HBsAg, antibody to anti-HBc and anti-HBs by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The weighted prevalences of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc for Chinese population aged 1-59 years were 7.2%, 50.1%, 34.1%, respectively. HBsAg prevalence was greatly diminished among those age <15 years compared to that found in the 1992 national serosurvey, and among children age <5 years was only 1.0% (90% reduction). Reduced HBsAg prevalence was strongly associated with vaccination among all age groups. HBsAg risk in adults was associated with male sex, Western region, and certain ethnic groups and occupations while risk in children included birth at home or smaller hospitals, older age, and certain ethnic groups (Zhuang and other).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  China has already reached the national goal of reducing HBsAg prevalence to less than 1% among children under 5 years and has prevented an estimated 16-20 million HBV carriers through hepatitis B vaccination of infants. Immunization program should be further strengthened to reach those remaining at highest risk.
authors.affiliation: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Weizhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Longde
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Fuqiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Yuansheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fuzhen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Jingchen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Huaqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Huiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shuigao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hadler
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines