title: Substituted diphenyl ethers as a broad-spectrum platform for the development of chemotherapeutics for the treatment of tularaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease classifies Francisella tularensis as a Category A priority pathogen. Despite the availability of drugs for treating tularaemia, the mortality in naturally acquired cases can still approach 30%. In addition, the usefulness of existing drugs for treatment in response to exposure or for prophylaxis is limited because of toxicity and delivery concerns. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the lead alkyl-substituted diphenyl ether, SBPT04, in the F. tularensis murine model of infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  SBPT04 was delivered by intraperitoneal (ip) and oral (po) routes, and mice were monitored for morbidity, mortality and relapse of disease. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed to evaluate bioavailability. Phase I and Phase II metabolism of SBPT04 was assessed in mouse and human microsomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SBPT04, a potent inhibitor of the enoyl-ACP reductase enzyme ftuFabI, has efficacy against F. tularensis in the murine model of infection when delivered by both ip and po routes. SBPT04 delivered ip cleared infection by day 4 of treatment, and SBPT04 delivered po resulted in delayed dissemination. Importantly, SBPT04 delivered ip or po demonstrated efficacy with no signs of relapse of disease. Pharmacokinetic studies show increased serum concentrations following ip delivery compared with po delivery, which correlates with the observed survival rate of 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to being a potent lead, this work substantiates substituted diphenyl ethers as a platform for the development of novel broad-spectrum chemotherapeutics to other bacterial agents in addition to F. tularensis.
authors.affiliation: Rocky Mountain Regional Center of Excellence, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: England
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: am Ende
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Todd J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Marlenee
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Knudson
authors.forename: Dennis L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Knudson
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tonge
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Slayden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005604:Francisella tularensis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014406:Tularemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; C546017:SBPT04 compound