title: The CASTLE study: atazanavir/r versus lopinavir/r in antiretroviral-naive patients.
abstract: With the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), there have been dramatic reductions in mortality and morbidity of HIV-1-infected patients. Protease inhibitor-based regimens remain a cornerstone of cART owing to their potency and high genetic barrier to resistance. The comparison of atazanavir/ritonavir in naive subjects in combination with tenofovir-emtricitabine versus lopinavir/ritonavir in combination with tenofovir-emtricitabine to assess safety and efficacy (CASTLE) study is a noninferiority trial in which the efficacy, safety and tolerability of atazanavir-ritonavir and lopinavir-ritonavir were compared in antiretroviral therapy-naive patients. The aim of this paper is to review the CASTLE study and the role of atazanavir-ritonavir as an initial treatment in HIV-1-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. ploencha@kku.ac.th
authors.forename: Ploenchan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chetchotisakd
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069446:Atazanavir Sulfate; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D061466:Lopinavir; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068698:Tenofovir; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D009842:Oligopeptides; D063065:Organophosphonates; D011725:Pyridines; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D061466:Lopinavir; D000069446:Atazanavir Sulfate; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D000225:Adenine; D019438:Ritonavir