When ''no'' means ''yes'': the gender implications of HIV programming in a Zimbabwean university.
OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the nature and extent of sexual risk-taking behavior by students in a Zimbabwean university and identified some of the sociocultural factors that facilitate sexual risk taking by female and male students. The main outcome measures of the study were condom use, number of sexual partners, and attitudes toward gender equity and equality.


METHODS
A cross-sectional design was used and a questionnaire was administered to 933 students. Information pertaining to students' sexual practices, condom use practices, attitudes toward HIV testing, and their beliefs pertaining to women's role in sexual decision making and a woman's right to refuse sexual intercourse were among some of the variables assessed.


RESULTS
The vast majority of the university students (83%) are sexually experienced; only a third used condoms at their last sexual encounter; the use or nonuse of condoms was significantly associated with age, sex, marital status, and attitudes toward gender issues. There were also significant differences in the sexual behavior and attitudes of female and male students.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that HIV prevention efforts targeted at university students need to incorporate a discussion of broader cultural beliefs, particularly those pertaining to gender role myths, if they are to be effective.
Masvawure
Tsitsi B
TB
Department of Anthropology and Archaeology and the Centre for the Study of AIDS, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. tmasvaure@yahoo.com
Terry
Paul E
PE
Adlis
Sue
S
Mhloyi
Marvellous
M
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D015030:Zimbabwe