title: Genetic diversity among toxigenic clostridia isolated from soil, water, meat and associated polluted sites in South India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the genetic diversity of toxigenic Clostridium strains isolated from soil, water, meat and its associated polluted sites of Southern India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 27 identified isolates of six different toxigenic clostridial species including C. bifermentans , C. botulinum , C. chauvoei , C. ramosum , C. tetani and C. novyi were isolated and characterized by conventional DNA restriction digestion analysis (REA) and by whole-cell and excretory protein patterns on SDS-PAGE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DNA fragment size ranged from 35-160 kilobases and the protein bands 30-200 KDa, followed by numerical analyses and phylogenetic analyses. Whole-cell protein banding pattern were unique with strains of C. chauvoei , C. novyi and C. ramosum . All the strains were heterogeneous and distinct in restriction digestion pattern and excretory protein patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These analyses contribute to the understanding of prevalence of toxigenic clostridial species and phylogeny within the species and assist in development of improved diagnostics and therapeutics for the treatment of clostridial infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamilnadu, India. sathish3107@gmail.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sathish
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swaminathan
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003013:Clostridium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D014644:Genetic Variation; D007194:India; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial