title: In vitro adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to dentine root surface after treatment with Er:YAG laser, ultrasonic system, or manual curette.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the dentine root surface roughness and the adherence of Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) after treatment with an ultrasonic system, Er:YAG laser, or manual curette.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Bacterial adhesion and formation of dental biofilm after scaling and root planing may be a challenge to the long-term stability of periodontal therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty flattened bovine roots were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: ultrasonic system (n = 10); Er:YAG laser (n = 10); manual curette (n = 10); or control untreated roots (n = 10). The mean surface roughness (Ra, microm) of the specimens before and after exposure to each treatment was determined using a surface profilometer. In addition, S. sanguinis was grown on the treated and untreated specimens and the amounts of retained bacteria on the surfaces were measured by culture method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All treatments increased the Ra; however, the roughest surface was produced by the curettes. In addition, the specimens treated with curettes showed the highest S. sanguinis adhesion. There was a significant positive correlation between roughness values and bacterial cells counts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S. sanguinis adhesion was the highest on the curette-treated dentine root surfaces, which also presented the greatest surface roughness.
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontics, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil. ctsuzuki@prof.ung.br
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ota-Tsuzuki
authors.forename: Fernanda L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Ana Paula O
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Giorgetti
authors.forename: Patrícia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: Poliana M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D002417:Cattle; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013298:Streptococcus sanguis; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000382:microbiology*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy