title: Distorted asymmetric cubic nanostructure of soluble fullerene crystals in efficient polymer:fullerene solar cells.
abstract: We found that 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)C(61) (PCBM) molecules make a distorted asymmetric body-centered cubic crystal nanostructure in the bulk heterojunction films of reigoregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and PCBM. The wider angle of distortion in the PCBM nanocrystals was approximately 96 degrees , which can be assigned to the influence of the attached side group to the fullerene ball of PCBM to bestow solubility. Atom concentration analysis showed that after thermal annealing the PCBM nanocrystals do preferentially distribute above the layer of P3HT nanocrystals inside devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom. ykimm@knu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Youngkyoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Steffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Durrant
authors.forename: Hwajeong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jiho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Minjung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sungho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heeney
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.forename: Chang-Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Donal D C
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012993:Solar Energy; D012995:Solubility; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013696:Temperature; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D037741:Fullerenes; D011108:Polymers; D013876:Thiophenes; C507295:poly(3-hexylthiophene)