title: National trends in parathyroid surgery from 1998 to 2008: a decade of change.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The introduction of limited explorations (LE) for parathyroidectomy broadened the management possibilities for hyperparathyroidism. We sought to document this evolution of change in parathyroid surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Members of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons and the American College of Surgeons were sent a 49-question survey, and 256 surgeons, accounting for 46% of parathyroid operations nationwide, responded. Associations derived from questionnaire data were tested for significance using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Currently, 10% of surgeons practice bilateral neck exploration, 68% practice LE, and 22% have a mixed practice. Five years ago, these percentages were, respectively, 26%, 43%, and 31%; and 10 years ago they were 74%, 11%, and 15%. Shift to LE was greatest among endocrine surgeons, high-volume surgeons, and surgeons trained by mentors who practiced LE. A focal, single-gland examination under general anesthesia and 23-hour observation are preferred by most surgeons. Half of all general surgeons, in contrast to fewer than 10% of endocrine surgeons, never monitor parathyroid hormone intraoperatively, even with LE. Dramatic differences were apparent among subsets of surgeons in operative volumes, indications for bilateral neck exploration, followup care, expertise with ultrasound and sestamibi, and perceptions of cure and complication rates. Evidence-based literature and guidance from surgical societies had the greatest influence on the decision to practice LE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey formally documents the evolution of practice patterns in parathyroid surgery over the last decade. Although LE has achieved wide acceptance, surgical management of hyperparathyroidism has become increasingly disparate. This trend may highlight a need to define best-practice guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrine Surgery, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: German F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Eren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berber
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siperstein
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milas
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D006801:Humans; D010279:Parathyroid Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000639:trends*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States