title: Mitochondrial BNIP3 upregulation precedes endonuclease G translocation in hippocampal neuronal death following oxygen-glucose deprivation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caspase-independent apoptotic pathways are suggested as a mechanism for the delayed neuronal death following ischemic insult. However, the underlying signalling mechanisms are largely unknown. Recent studies imply the involvement of several mitochondrial proteins, including endonuclease G (EndoG) and Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein (BNIP3), in the pathway of non-neuronal cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this report, using western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry, we found that EndoG upregulates and translocates from mitochondria to nucleus in a time-dependent manner in cultured hippocampal neurons following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Moreover, the translocation of EndoG occurs hours before the observable nuclear pyknosis. Importantly, the mitochondrial upregulation of BNIP3 precedes the translocation of EndoG. Forced expression of BNIP3 increases the nuclear translocation of EndoG and neuronal death while knockdown of BNIP3 decreases the OGD-induced nuclear translocation of EndoG and neuronal death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that BNIP3 and EndoG play important roles in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis following ischemia, and mitochondrial BNIP3 is a signal protein upstream of EndoG that can induce neuronal death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China. zhaoshenting2004@126.com
authors.forename: Shen-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shu-Ji
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ming-Hai
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bo-Xing
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Manas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.forename: Ji-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Xin-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Tian-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D034622:RNA Interference; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C508686:BNip3 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; C052391:endonuclease G; D005947:Glucose