title: Thalidomide for the treatment of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasias: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mucosal angiodysplasias, either inherited or acquired, can cause gastrointestinal bleeding, sometimes refractory to treatment. From earlier case reports, thalidomide has been described to possess some benefits in this disease, but its benefits and risks nevertheless remain unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study assesses the efficacy, safety, and side-effect of thalidomide in the treatment of patients with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasias.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with chronic angiodysplasia bleeding and requiring ongoing transfusion were eligible for this open nonrandomized study. Thalidomide was started with 50 mg/day and then increased incrementally by 50 mg every week up to 200 mg/day, if tolerated, and continued for 6 months. Adverse events, hemoglobin, blood chemistry, and blood transfusion were monitored during the treatment and for 6-months posttreatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients were recruited in this study. Four patients discontinued thalidomide within 3-8 weeks, because of fatigue (two patients), peripheral neuropathy (one patient), and skin rash (one patient). All side-effects resolved when thalidomide was discontinued. These four patients required the same volume of blood transfusions per month as pre-study. In contrast, the three patients who continued 100-200 mg/day of thalidomide for 6 months did not require any transfusions during the 6 months of medication. During 6-months posttreatment of these three patients, one maintained response without any transfusion for 2 months, then required 1 U of blood every 4 weeks, one patient required 2 U of blood every 3-4 weeks, and one patient died from diabetes complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thalidomide should be considered as a therapeutic option in patients who are resistant to conventional therapy, but it has a high discontinuation rate because of its side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Center for Therapeutic Endoscopy and Endoscopic Oncology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Patarakamala@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Patarapong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kamalaporn
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saravanan
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cirocco
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kortan
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kandel
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marcon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016888:Angiodysplasia / Q000150:complications*; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D013792:Thalidomide