Analysis of 46 maxillofacial fracture victims in the 2008 Wenchuan, China earthquake.
OBJECTIVE
At 14:28 hours on May 12, 2008, a massive earthquake wracked most areas of Sichuan, China, causing catastrophic human loss. The aim of this study was to delineate the characteristics of victims with maxillofacial fractures in this disaster.


METHODS
A descriptive analysis was conducted based on the medical records of earthquake maxillofacial injuries casualties transferred to West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, after the earthquake. Data regarding demographic details, psychological status, patterns, anatomic sites, etiology, concomitant injuries, and management of earthquake maxillofacial fractures were evaluated.


RESULTS
A total of 46 maxillofacial fracture patients' records of 28 (60.9%) males and 18 (39.1%) females were included in this study, with peak incidence (32.6%) in the elderly age group (older than 50 years). The most common etiology of earthquake maxillofacial fractures was building collapse (71.7%). The mandible (65.2%) was the most frequent site of the maxillofacial fracture, followed by the zygomatic complex (21.7%) and maxilla (13.0%). The most prevalent of maxillofacial fracture pattern was multiple and/or comminuted fractures (56.5%), which accounted for 72.7% (24/33) in building collapse injury group. There were 9 (19.6%) patients with significant concomitant injuries and the most common site of concomitant injuries was the head (4 cases) and extremity (4 cases). Four (8.7%) patients' maxillofacial fractures were treated conservatively, 16 (34.8%) underwent closed reduction and fixation, and 26 (56.5%) underwent open reduction and rigid internal fixation (RIF). Apart from 3 patients (6.5%) who showed infection, all patients with facial fractures achieved successful bony union with an acceptable occlusion and facial form. Additionally, it is noteworthy that all patients in our study presented the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).


CONCLUSIONS
There is a variation of mechanism of injuries, age group, severity, patterns, concomitant injuries, and management of earthquake maxillofacial fractures. Knowledge of these characteristics provides useful strategies for patient care and prevention of further complications. A multidisciplinary and coordinated approach is important for optimum stabilization and ongoing treatment of victims of building collapse injury. The high percentage of PTSD confirms that psychologists should form an integral part of this multidisciplinary team.
Tang
Ya-ling
YL
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Zhu
Gui-quan
GQ
Zhou
Hao
H
Zheng
Min
M
Tang
Xiu-fa
XF
Wang
Xiao-yi
XY
Liang
Xin-hua
XH
D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D055866:Earthquakes; D005260:Female; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007572:Jaw Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D054527:Mass Casualty Incidents; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000293:injuries; D010348:Patient Care Team; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D055883:Structure Collapse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*