title: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leuco-encephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary autosomal dominant non-atherosclerotic non-amyloid cerebral arteriopathy. The disease was identified in 1993. We are not aware of reports in the literature of its occurrence in South Africa, and we present the clinical and laboratory features of 5 patients with CADASIL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with the characteristic radiological white matter disease and typical features (family history, ischaemic events, migraine or dementia) were evaluated for possible CADASIL by means of clinical examination, routine investigations for strokes, magnetic resonance imaging, skin biopsy electron microscopy, evoked potentials and electroencephalography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical and laboratory features of our study largely correlate with reported studies. However, all of the skin biopsies were positive, and the onset of migraine in our patients was considerably earlier. A new finding, to our knowledge, was the normality of visual, somatosensory and auditory evoked potentials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirms the existence of CADASIL in South Africa, and also suggests that skin electron microscopy is useful, despite recent reports of its low sensitivity, and that evoked potentials in CADASIL are likely to be normal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Retief
authors.forename: Clara-Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schutte
authors.forename: Malcolm Kevin
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D046589:CADASIL / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree