title: Is there a decline in the vascular event rate after transient ischemic attack or stroke in antiplatelet trials?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the baseline characteristics and the rates of serious vascular events in randomized clinical trials after cerebral ischemia of presumed arterial origin to identify study features that predict vascular event incidence and to identify whether event rates have declined over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic review to identify all published randomized controlled trials of patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack of presumed arterial origin that included an aspirin arm. We performed metaregression to analyze whether baseline features of included patients, design features and the year of study start and publication influenced vascular event rates under aspirin treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Included studies comprised 23,247 patients who had 3,615 serious vascular events. Baseline characteristics of patients included in the different trials varied substantially over time. In multivariate metaregression analysis a shorter maximum allowed delay from symptom onset to randomization (p = 0.012) and a double-blind design were associated with higher annual event rates (p = 0.014). Event rates did not significantly decrease over time (p = 0.242).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The baseline characteristics of patients included in trials that study antiplatelet agents have changed over time. The strongest predictors for higher event rates are a double-blind design and a short delay between symptom onset and randomization. An important reduction in event rates over time could not be demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium. robin.lemmens@med.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yicheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fieuws
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thijs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin