title: Cost effectiveness of rasagiline and pramipexole as treatment strategies in early Parkinson's disease in the UK setting: an economic Markov model evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Levodopa is the most effective treatment for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, after an initial period of benefit, several limitations become apparent, including motor complications such as dyskinesia. Dyskinesia can severely affect patients' quality of life and increases healthcare resource use. Thus, delaying the need for levodopa, and therefore the onset of levodopa-induced dyskinesia, is important.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the cost effectiveness, from a UK healthcare payer perspective, of two antiparkinsonian treatment strategies in early PD: first-line monotherapy with rasagiline, a novel monoamine oxidase B inhibitor; and the non-ergoline dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole.
  
  
  METHODS
  An economic Markov model was developed as a pragmatic tool to derive comparative information on the effectiveness, utility and costs of these two strategies over a 5-year period. Model input data were obtained from the TEMPO study for rasagiline and from a study by the Parkinson Study Group for pramipexole. Effectiveness outcomes were time to levodopa and time to levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Cost and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) data were derived from published sources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rasagiline was the dominant strategy. Compared with pramipexole, use of the rasagiline strategy was estimated to reduce costs by 18% per patient over 5 years and was associated with an additional 10% delay in dyskinesia onset (0.41 years; 95% CI 0.27, 0.55). This strategy was also found to prolong the time to levodopa initiation by 25% through a gain of 0.83 levodopa-free years (95% CI 0.56, 1.1). In addition, use of the rasagiline strategy was found to generate a 5% gain in QALYs over 5 years compared with the pramipexole strategy (3.7 +/- 0.02 vs 3.51 +/- 0.03). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that the model was robust.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rasagiline represents a cost-effective alternative to pramipexole in the treatment of early PD in the UK.
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haycox
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Armand
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murteira
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: Clément
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: François
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D018803:Models, Economic; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D000077487:Pramipexole; D011336:Probability; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D013222:State Medicine; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D007189:Indans; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; C031967:rasagiline; D000077487:Pramipexole