title: Obstetric and newborn infant outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women who receive highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to examine perinatal outcomes in women who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and who receive highly active antiretroviral therapy compared with the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective cohort study, we compared 151 HIV-positive and 302 HIV-negative women. We defined highly active antiretroviral therapy as concomitant use of at least 3 antiretroviral drugs. We calculated frequencies and odds ratios for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with control subjects, smoking (odds ratio, 4.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.58-8.27), drug abuse (odds ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 2.21-13.59), and spontaneous preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.22-4.25) were more common among HIV-positive women. HIV-positive women were more likely to deliver a small-for-gestational-age infant, but this was due to higher tobacco and cocaine use. Neonatal outcomes were otherwise similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-positive women are at increased risk for preterm birth and lower birthweight infants; therefore, antenatal surveillance should include fetal growth assessment. Highly active antiretroviral therapy use does not increase maternal complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7516, USA.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haeri
authors.forename: Marla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shauer
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Jennie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.forename: Arthur M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saddlemire
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boggess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology