title: Abnormal serum concentrations of proteins in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Blood serum was used to identify protein biomarkers for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) using analytically validated quantitative 2D-gel electrophoresis, and single variable and multivariate statistics. Using banked samples from a first medical center, we identified 57 specific protein spot biomarkers with disease-specific abnormal levels in serum of patients with PD, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and similar neurodegenerative conditions (337 samples), when compared to age-matched normal controls (132 samples). To further assess their clinical usefulness in Parkinson's disease, we obtained prospective newly drawn blood serum samples from a second (56 PD, 30 controls) and third (6 PD, 48 controls) medical center. The protein concentrations of the 57 biomarkers were assessed by 2D-gel electrophoresis. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis selected a combination of 21 of the 57 as optimal to distinguish PD patients from controls. When applied to the samples from the second site, the 21 proteins had sensitivity of 93.3% (52 of 56 PD correctly classified), specificity of 92.9% (28 of 30 controls correctly classified); 15 of 15 patients with mild, 28 of 30 with moderate to severe symptoms, and all of the 6 PD patients from the third site were correctly classified. Eleven of the 21 proteins showed statistically significant abnormal concentrations in patients with mild symptoms, and 14 in patients with moderate-severe symptoms. The protein identities reflect the heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease, and thus may provide the capability of monitoring the blood for a diverse range of PD pathophysiological mechanisms: cellular degeneration, oxidative stress, inflammation, and transport.
authors.affiliation: Power3 Medical Products, Inc., The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA. igoldknopf@power3medical.com
authors.forename: Ira L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Goldknopf
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bryson
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Strelets
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quintero
authors.forename: Essam A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sheta
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mosqueda
authors.forename: Helen R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Stanley H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shill
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabbagh
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaldjian
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Markopoulou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins