Forces released by nonconventional bracket or ligature systems during alignment of buccally displaced teeth.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to analyze the forces released by 4 types of passive stainless steel self-ligating brackets and 2 nonconventional elastomeric ligature bracket systems compared with conventional elastomeric ligatures on stainless steel brackets during the alignment of buccally displaced teeth.


METHODS
A model consisting of 5 brackets (from second premolar through central incisor) was used to assess the forces released by the 7 bracket-ligature systems with 0.012- or 0.014-in superelastic wires with various amounts of buccal canine displacement (1.5-6.0 mm). The comparisons between the different types of bracket-wire-ligature systems were performed with 3-way ANOVA with the Tukey post-hoc test (P <0.05).


RESULTS
For buccal misalignments of 1.5 and 3.0 mm, both low-friction and conventional systems released forces for bracket alignment ranging from about 30 to 160 g. For greater buccal displacements (4.5 and 6.0 mm), the low-friction systems produced a significant magnitude of force, but it dropped to 0 g for the conventional system.


CONCLUSIONS
Nonconventional elastomeric ligature bracket systems produced levels of force for tooth movement that were similar to those generated by passive self-ligating brackets.
Franchi
Lorenzo
L
Department of Orthodontics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. lorenzo.franchi@unifi.it
Baccetti
Tiziano
T
Camporesi
Matteo
M
Giuntini
Veronica
V
D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D020724:Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry; D017276:Friction; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000473:pathology; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*
D003722:Dental Alloys; D003764:Dental Materials; D020724:Elastomers; C040654:titanium nickelide; C093826:Austenite; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium