title: Facial nerve motor-evoked potential monitoring during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether monitoring facial nerve motor-evoked potentials (FNMEPs) elicited by transcranial electrical stimulation during microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) is useful for predicting postoperative outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors analysed FNMEP findings in 25 patients with HFS. Corkscrew electrodes positioned at C3 or C4 and Cz were used to deliver supramaximal stimuli (152-450 V). FNMEPs were recorded from the orbicularis oculi, mentalis and oris muscles. Differences in amplitude or response duration between the final (at dural closure) and baseline FNMEP were evaluated. Final-to-baseline FNMEPs ratios (shown as percentages) obtained from the three muscles were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the orbicularis oculi muscles, both duration and amplitude in the final FNMEP were significantly reduced compared with the baseline FNMEP (p<0.001 and p<0.0005, respectively). The FNMEP ratio obtained from the orbicularis oculi muscle (44.8+/-25.4%) was significantly lower than the other two muscles (95.8+/-51.2% for the mentalis muscle and 84.5+/-34.6% for the orbicularis oris muscle; p<0.0001). In one patient who showed the same degree of symptoms immediately after surgery as in the preoperative state, neither LSRs nor FNMEP from the orbicularis oculi muscle changed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FNMEP amplitude from the orbicularis oculi muscle decreased after MVD in HFS patients whose symptoms were resolved postoperatively, thus suggesting normalisation of facial nerve excitability. FNMEP monitoring during MVD surgery as well as LSR monitoring could predict postoperative outcome in HFS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City 951-8585, Japan. mfuku529@bri.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiraishi
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002196:Capillaries / Q000503:physiopathology; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004568:Electrodiagnosis; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome