title: A preliminary assessment of the benefits of the addition of botulinum toxin a to a conventional therapy program on the function of people with longstanding stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) combined with therapy can facilitate improved upper-extremity (UE) functional status versus therapy alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind randomized crossover trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care outpatient rehabilitation center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Convenience sample of 21 men and women (ages 19-80 y) with stroke more than 6 months after insult who had tone greater than 3 on the Ashworth Scale for 2 joints in the involved UE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were consecutively recruited and randomized to a double-blind crossover trial. Subjects received either BTX-A combined with a defined therapy program or placebo injection combined with a therapy program in two 12-week sessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary functional outcome measure was the Motor Activity Log (MAL). Subjects were also assessed on physiologic measures including tone (Ashworth Scale), range of motion, and motor strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvements were noted in the functional status of the subjects in both arms of the study as measured by the MAL. All subjects had a significant change in functional status on MAL with therapy (P<.05). The use of BTX-A combined with therapy as compared with therapy only improved the functional status of the subjects on the MAL Quality of Movement subscale (P=.0180, t test) and showed a trend toward significance in the Amount of Use subscale (P=.0605, analysis of variance). Six weeks after treatment, the BTX-A combined with therapy decreased the Ashworth score statistically (P=.0271), but the therapy alone group decreased a similar amount at 6 weeks (P=.0117), indicating that most of the physiologic tone change could be attributed to therapy. After each 12-week period, tone had largely returned to baseline (P>.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A focused therapy program showed the most improvement in function in this defined stroke population. BTX-A combined with a focused traditional therapy program slightly enhanced the functional status of stroke subjects beyond that obtained with therapy alone 12 weeks after injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. jmeytha807@aol.com
authors.forename: Jay M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Meythaler
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vogtle
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Brunner
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A