title: Resident duty-hour reform associated with increased morbidity following hip fracture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education implemented resident duty-hour reform for orthopaedic resident surgeons in the United States on July 1, 2003. This study sought to determine whether the change in duty-hour regulations was associated with relative changes in mortality and morbidity for patients with a hip fracture treated in hospitals with and without resident teaching involved in the delivery of medical care.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to identify 48,430 patients treated for hip fracture during the years of 2001 to 2002, before resident duty-hour reform, and the years of 2004 to 2005 after reform. Logistic regression was used to examine the change in morbidity and mortality in nonteaching compared with teaching hospitals before and after the reform, adjusting for patient characteristics and comorbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase in the overall incidence of perioperative morbidity was observed in both teaching and nonteaching hospitals, suggesting a general increase in the severity of illness of the patients with a hip fracture. A significant increase in the rate of change in the incidence of perioperative pneumonia, hematoma, transfusion, renal complications, nonroutine discharge, costs, and length of stay was seen in patients who underwent treatment for a hip fracture in the years after the resident duty-hour reforms at teaching institutions. Resident duty-hour reform was not associated with an increase in mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resident duty-hour reform was associated with an accelerated rate of increasing patient morbidity following treatment of hip fractures in teaching institutions. Further research into this concerning finding is needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bolognesi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D009985:Orthopedics; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D014481:United States