title: The TLR9 agonist CpG fails to enhance the acquisition of Plasmodium falciparum-specific memory B cells in semi-immune adults in Mali.
abstract: Antibodies play a key role in controlling blood stage malaria infections, and an effective blood stage malaria vaccine will likely require that it induce vaccine-specific memory B cells (MBCs). Our previous studies showed that the addition of the TLR9 agonist CpG to Plasmodium falciparum protein subunit vaccines greatly increased their efficacy in inducing MBCs in nonimmune U.S. volunteers. Here we show that in contrast the same CpG-containing malaria vaccine did not enhance the acquisition of MBCs in semi-immune adults living in Mali. Understanding the molecular basis of this apparent refractoriness to TLR9 agonist will be of significant interest in vaccine design.
authors.affiliation: Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases-BP 1805 Bamako, Mali. Bouba.traore@mrtcbko.org
authors.forename: Boubacar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Traore
authors.forename: Younoussou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koné
authors.forename: Safiatou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doumbo
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doumtabé
authors.forename: Abdramane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Traoré
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Crompton
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mircetic
authors.forename: Chiung-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kassoum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kayentao
authors.forename: Alassane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dicko
authors.forename: Issaka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sagara
authors.forename: Ruth D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Kazutoyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guindo
authors.forename: Louis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Ogobara K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Doumbo
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pierce
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008302:Mali; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; C483020:ProMune; C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit