title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations in the aqueous humor of patients with glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the aqueous humor of patients with glaucoma, including correlations with glaucoma subtypes and intraocular pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised 84 patients with open-angle glaucoma who were scheduled for filtration or cataract surgery. Glaucoma subgroups included 29 cases of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 28 cases of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and 27 cases of exfoliation glaucoma (ExG). Seventy-nine patients with senile cataract were recruited as control subjects. The concentrations of TNF-alpha in the aqueous humor were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The percentages of samples positive for TNF-alpha and the measured concentrations in the glaucoma and cataract groups were compared. In addition, the relationships with the glaucoma subtypes, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma severity were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly higher percentage of subjects in the glaucoma group were positive for TNF-alpha compared with the cataract group (P = 0.011). The mean TNF-alpha concentrations among the positive cases were not different between the groups (P = 0.689). TNF-alpha-positive samples were higher in the POAG (13.7%) and NTG (10.7%) subgroups than in the cataract group without significance, but higher in ExG subgroup (29.6%) with significance (P = 0.001). Relationships between the TNF-alpha concentration and the intraocular pressure or the clinical stage of glaucoma were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher in the glaucoma group than in the cataract group, with a particularly large difference observed in those with ExG. The results suggest that TNF-alpha plays a key role in the progression of glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Niigata, Japan. jedemalgutentag@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hideko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuchi
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D057066:Low Tension Glaucoma / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha