title: Diabetes-specific family conflict and psychological distress in paediatric Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes-specific family conflict is associated with suboptimal adherence and glycaemic control. Little is known about the individual and family factors associated with diabetes-specific family conflict. The purpose of this study was to examine whether background factors (e.g. age, gender), diabetes variables (e.g. duration of diabetes, adherence, glycaemic control) and psychological distress (i.e. depression and anxiety) in parents and children and adolescents were associated with diabetes-specific family conflict.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 187 children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and their parents. Study measures assessed diabetes-specific family conflict, youth depression and parent depression and anxiety. Demographic and disease-specific data (adherence, glycaemic control) were also collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings suggested a close link between psychological distress in parents and children and adolescents and reports of increased diabetes-specific family conflict. In the presence of suboptimal glycaemic control, children and adolescents and parents reported more family conflict. Adherence was not significantly associated with family conflict.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the importance of considering the impact of individual psychological functioning on family conflict and also suggests a bidirectional relationship between conflict and glycaemic control.
authors.affiliation: Center for Treatment Adherence, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: L M B
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Laffel
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose