title: Relationship between caspase activity and apoptotic markers in human sperm in response to hydrogen peroxide and progesterone.
abstract: Apoptosis plays an essential role in normal spermatogenesis, but deregulations of this biological process, which is closely associated with male infertility, have been found. Whereas calcium homeostasis is a key regulator of cell survival, sustained elevation of intracellular calcium plays a role in apoptosis. The aim of this research was to determine the role of two different calcium mobilizing agents, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the physiological agonist progesterone, on the apoptosis process of human ejaculated spermatozoa. Translocation of membrane phosphatidylserine was examined with an annexin V binding assay, DNA damage was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL assay) and caspase-3 activity was assessed using a fluorometric assay. After incubation of spermatozoa for 1 h with either 10 microM H(2)O(2) or 20 microM of progesterone, there was a significant increase in both caspase-3 activity and the percentage of annexin V-positive cells. Similarly, the TUNEL results were significantly higher 1 h after incubation with either 10 microM H(2)O(2) or 20 microM of progesterone. In fact, progesterone-treated cells showed a three-fold increase (from 17.6 to 52.9%) of TUNEL-positive cells compared to untreated cells, while H(2)O(2)-treated cells exhibited a two-fold increase (from 17.6 to 37.9%). In sum, our results suggest that spermatozoa treated with calcium mobilizing agents, such as H(2)O(2) and progesterone, seem to undergo an apoptosis process that is dependent on caspase-3 activation.
authors.affiliation: Extremadura Center of Human Assisted Reproduction, Infantile Hospital, Badajoz, Spain.
authors.forename: Graciela M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bejarano
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Espino
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Agueda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Ana B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pariente
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015415:Biomarkers; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D015415:Biomarkers; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D011374:Progesterone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D020169:Caspases