title: Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4): Current understanding and future therapeutic potential.
abstract: The protein arginine deiminases (PADs), and in particular PAD4, have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this review, evidence linking dysregulated PAD activity to the onset and progression of RA is presented, and the potential role of such aberrant activity in other human diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and cancer, is discussed. The known physiological roles of the PADs, particularly PAD4, and current knowledge regarding PAD structure, catalysis and inhibition are also described.
authors.affiliation: University of South Carolina, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Columbia, 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Justin E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Corey P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Causey
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knuckley
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Slack-Noyes
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D002384:Catalysis; D015195:Drug Design; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D000080002:Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D006867:Hydrolases; C000629235:PADI4 protein, human; D000080002:Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases