title: Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on apoptosis of human gastric epithelial cells exposed to silica-immobilized glucose oxidase.
abstract: Oxidative stress plays a critical role in apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells. Omega-3 fatty acids show anti-inflammatory and/or anticancer effects and regulate apoptosis in various cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether omega-3 fatty acids inhibit oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells. The cells received oxidative stress caused by silica-immobilized glucose oxidase acting on beta-D-glucose and cultured in the absence or presence of alpha-linolenic acid or docosahexanoic acid. Viable cell numbers, levels of H(2)O(2) in the medium, DNA fragmentation, and protein levels of p53 and Bax were determined. As a result, silica-immobilized glucose oxidase acting on beta-D-glucose consistently and reproducibly produced H(2)O(2), which decreased cell viability and increased DNA fragmentation of the cells. Omega-3 fatty acids inhibited oxidative stress-induced cell death, DNA fragmentation, and induction of p53 and Bax of the cells. The silica-immobilized glucose oxidase could be a useful tool for studies on oxidative stress-induced cellular events because it is reusable and forms a stable enzyme system acting on glucose. Omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial for preventing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by inhibiting apoptotic gene expression and DNA fragmentation of gastric epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Sin-Gun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Un-Young
authors.initials: UY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Chul-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Hyeyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005947:Glucose