title: Relationship between bone histology and markers of bone and mineral metabolism in African-American hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Racial differences in mineral metabolism exist in the chronic kidney disease population, especially as it relates to intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels. Few data exist on the relationship of these markers to bone biopsy findings in African-American (AA) hemodialysis patients across the spectrum of renal osteodystrophy (ROD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In prevalent AA hemodialysis subjects, we prospectively evaluated subjects by performing transiliac bone biopsy and correlating biochemical and clinical data to bone histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study patients (n = 43) had an average age of 53.7 (11.6) yr, with dialysis vintage of 40.4 (24.5) mo, 30% with diabetes, and 51% male. Bone histology revealed adynamic bone disease (ABD) (16%), mild to moderate hyperparathyroidism (HPT) (72%), severe (12%) HPT, and no osteomalacia or mixed uremic osteodystrophy. At the time of biopsy, mean corrected calcium was 9.1, 8.9, and 9.4 mg/dl (P = 0.344); calcium-phosphorus (Ca X PO4) product was 42, 55, and 62 mg(2)/dl(2) (P = 0.002); phosphorus was 4.6, 6.2, and 6.7 mg/dl (P = 0.005); and iPTH was 225, 566, and 975 pg/ml (P = 0.006), respectively. Median values for bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BS-AP) were 16, 34, and 64 ng/ml (P < 0.0001) among the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that across the spectrum of ROD, iPTH levels are higher than expected in AA hemodialysis subjects. iPTH, PTH peptides, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase correlated directly with histomorphometric measurements of bone turnover and when subjects were grouped by histologic diagnosis. Only 9.5% of subjects were simultaneously within suggested Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) ranges for Ca X PO4, phosphorus, and iPTH, of which 75% demonstrated ABD on biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malluche
authors.forename: D Sudhaker
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Monier-Faugere
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Olufunmilola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Daramola-Ogunwuyi
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fehmi
authors.forename: Saroj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osman-Malik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D012080:Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010710:Phosphates; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium