Distorted asymmetric cubic nanostructure of soluble fullerene crystals in efficient polymer:fullerene solar cells.
We found that 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)C(61) (PCBM) molecules make a distorted asymmetric body-centered cubic crystal nanostructure in the bulk heterojunction films of reigoregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and PCBM. The wider angle of distortion in the PCBM nanocrystals was approximately 96 degrees , which can be assigned to the influence of the attached side group to the fullerene ball of PCBM to bestow solubility. Atom concentration analysis showed that after thermal annealing the PCBM nanocrystals do preferentially distribute above the layer of P3HT nanocrystals inside devices.
Kim
Youngkyoo
Y
Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom. ykimm@knu.ac.kr
Nelson
Jenny
J
Zhang
Tong
T
Cook
Steffan
S
Durrant
James R
JR
Kim
Hwajeong
H
Park
Jiho
J
Shin
Minjung
M
Nam
Sungho
S
Heeney
Martin
M
McCulloch
Iain
I
Ha
Chang-Sik
CS
Bradley
Donal D C
DD
D003460:Crystallization; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012993:Solar Energy; D012995:Solubility; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013696:Temperature; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry
D037741:Fullerenes; D011108:Polymers; D013876:Thiophenes; C507295:poly(3-hexylthiophene)