title: Influence of repeated screw tightening on bacterial leakage along the implant-abutment interface.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bacterial penetration along the implant-abutment interface as a consequence of abutment screw loosening has been reported in a number of recent studies. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of repeated tightening of the abutment screw on leakage of Streptococcus mutans along the interface between implants and pre-machined abutments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty pre-machined abutments with a plastic sleeve were used. The abutment screws were tightened to 32 N cm in group 1 (n=10 - control) and to 32 N cm, loosened and re-tightened with the same torque twice in group 2 (n=10). The assemblies were completely immersed in 5 ml of Tryptic Soy Broth medium inoculated with S. mutans and incubated for 14 days. After this period, contamination of the implant internal threaded chamber was evaluated using the DNA Checkerboard method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microorganisms were found on the internal surfaces of both groups evaluated. However, bacterial counts in group 2 were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that bacterial leakage between implants and abutments occurs even under unloaded conditions and at a higher intensity when the abutment screw is tightened and loosened repeatedly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cássio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: do Nascimento
authors.forename: Vinícius
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pedrazzi
authors.forename: Paola Kirsten
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Miani
authors.forename: Larissa Daher
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Rubens Ferreira
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: de Albuquerque
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D000044:Dental Abutments / Q000382:microbiology*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000382:microbiology*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013295:Streptococcus mutans; D013499:Surface Properties; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants