title: Specificity of cognitive biases in patients with current depression and remitted depression and in patients with asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have demonstrated a specific cognitive bias for sad stimuli in currently depressed patients; little is known, however, about whether this bias persists after recovery from the depressive episode. Depression is frequently observed in patients with asthma and is associated with a worse course of the disease. Given these high rates of co-morbidity, we could expect to observe a similar bias towards sad stimuli in patients with asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We therefore examined cognitive biases in memory and attention in 20 currently and 20 formerly depressed participants, 20 never-depressed patients diagnosed with asthma, and 20 healthy control participants. All participants completed three cognitive tasks: the self-referential encoding and incidental recall task, the emotion face dot-probe task and the emotional Stroop task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with healthy participants, currently and formerly depressed participants, but not patients with asthma, exhibited specific biases for sad stimuli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that cognitive biases are evident in depression even after recovery from an acute episode but are not found in never-depressed patients with asthma.
authors.affiliation: University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. anja.fritzsche@uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fritzsche
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahme
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Gotlib
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joormann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Magnussen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watz
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Nutzinger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Leupoldt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal; D001249:Asthma / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011930:Reaction Time; D012649:Self Concept; D012660:Semantics; D057190:Stroop Test; D014706:Verbal Learning