title: Salt tolerant membrane adsorbers for robust impurity clearance.
abstract: Clearance of impurities such as viruses, host cell protein (HCP), and DNA is a critical purification design consideration for manufacture of monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Anion exchange chromatography has frequently been utilized to accomplish this goal; however, anion exchange adsorbents based on the traditional quaternary amine (Q) ligand are sensitive to salt concentration, leading to reduced clearance levels of impurities at moderate salt concentrations (50-150 mM). In this report, membrane adsorbers incorporating four alternative salt tolerant anion exchange ligands were examined for impurity clearance: agmatine, tris-2-aminoethyl amine, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), and polyethyleneimine. Each of these ligands provided greater than 5 log reduction value (LRV) for viral clearance of phage phiX174 (pI approximately 6.7) at pH 7.5 and phage PR772 (pI approximately 4) at pH 4.2 in the presence of salt. Under these same conditions, the commercial Q membrane adsorber provided no clearance (zero LRV). Clearance of host-cell protein at pH 7.5 was the most challenging test case; only PHMB maintained 1.5 LRV in 150 mM salt. The salt tolerance of PHMB was attributed to its large positive net charge through the presence of multiple biguanide groups that participated in electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions with the impurity molecules. On the basis of the results of this study, membrane adsorbers that incorporate salt tolerant anion exchange ligands provide a robust approach to impurity clearance during the purification of monoclonal antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Riordan
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Heilmann
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brorson
authors.forename: Kannan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seshadri
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Etzel
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D000837:Anion Exchange Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016466:CHO Cells; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004340:Drug Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008024:Ligands; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011506:Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000837:Anion Exchange Resins; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D008024:Ligands; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011506:Proteins; D012492:Salts; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine