title: Association between depressive symptoms and reproductive variables in a group of perimenopausal women attending a menopause clinic in México City.
abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the association between depressive symptoms and some variables related to the reproductive life, such as history of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, antecedent of postpartum depression, previous use of hormonal contraceptives, and current hot flushes, in a group of perimenopausal women attending a menopause clinic. Perimenopausal women, 45 to 55 years old, who had not received hormonal replacement therapy and/or psychotropic medication, were invited to participate in this study. 141 perimenopausal women were included; we obtained their psychiatric and gynecological data, and we evaluated their depressive symptomatology using the CES-D scale. There were a significantly higher number of cases of previous depressive episodes, PMDD and PPD history in depressed patients compared with non-depressed women; current hot flushes prevalence was similar between depressed and non-depressed women. Patients with a PMDD history were more likely to have experienced previous depressive episodes, a PPD history and high levels of depression. Variables associated with the level of depression were a previous history of PMDD, current hot flushes, and previous depressive episodes. The occurrence of perimenopausal depression is related to a previous history of PMDD, PPD, and depressive episodes; hot flushes only increase the severity of the depressive episode.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CP 01030 México, D.F, México. flores_ramos@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flores-Ramos
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silvestri-Tomassoni
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology*