title: Differential mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors and their adaptors in pleural effusions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Binding of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to microbial or endogenous ligands activates and triggers the associated signalling pathway, which leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. The extent of TLR pathway activation may vary with the ligands present in different pleural diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relative mRNA expression levels of TLRs and their adaptors in pleural fluid were determined by PCR and gel electrophoresis in 36 transudative, 25 infectious and 39 malignant pleural effusions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative mRNA expression levels of TLR8 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 were low in infectious effusions and that of ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 was low in malignant pleural effusions. Different cellular components correlated significantly with the relative mRNA expression of TLRs or their adaptors in pleural effusions with different aetiologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relative mRNA expression profiles of TLRs and their adaptors in pleural fluid differ among transudative, infectious and malignant pleural effusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang-Che
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chung-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Chien-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Bor-Yiing
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Hung-Jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chung-Chieh
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; C107953:RAC1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C480228:TICAM2 protein, human; C410602:TOLLIP protein, human; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein