title: [Efficacy of sugammadex in the reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium in long-duration surgery: under inhaled vs. intravenous anesthesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sugammadex reverses neuromuscular blockade induced by aminosteroid agents by encapsulating these agents. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of sugammadex to reverse a rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in long-duration surgery in association with inhaled or intravenous anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of 20 ASA 1-3 patients aged between 18 and 69 years and scheduled for elective surgery lasting at least 120 minutes. Anesthesia was induced with remifentanil and rocuronium at a dosage of 0.6 mg x kg(-1), and neuromuscular function was monitored by means of acceleromyography. After randomization, anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane or with propofol for total intravenous anesthesia. Patients in both groups also received an infusion of remifentanil for analgesia and rocuronium to maintain a block of greater than 90%. After surgery, sugammadex was administered at a dosage of 2 mg x kg(-1) on reappearance of the second train-of-four (TOF) twitch (T2) and the times until recovery of T4/T1 ratios of 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 (main endpoints). Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded at baseline and after 2, 5, 10, and 30 minutes (secondary outcome measures).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although less rocuronium was consumed in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group and the time between the start of sugammadex administration until recovery of a TOF ratio of 0.9 was shorter for the sevoflurane group than for propofol group (mean [SD], 1.46 [0.30] minutes and 1.89 [0.62] minutes, respectively), these differences were not significant. No signs of recurarization or associated adverse effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sugammadex effectively and safely reverses a rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in less than 2 minutes in long-duration surgery performed under both inhaled and intravenous anesthesia. The interaction of neuromuscular blocking agents with sevoflurane appears not to affect the reversal time of sugammadex in such operations.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Santa María del Rosell. Cartagena, España. gloriaveiga@gmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Veiga-Ruiz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orozco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janda
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hofmockel
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Gómez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000732:Androstanols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077208:Remifentanil; D000077123:Rocuronium; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077122:Sugammadex; D055815:Young Adult; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; D000077122:Sugammadex; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil; D000077123:Rocuronium; D015742:Propofol