title: Knowledge sources affecting decision-making among social and health care managers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to investigate how managers in social and health care evaluate the knowledge sources affecting their decision-making, and how the evaluations were associated with the managers' professional background, activity sector, gender, age and management experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study data are gathered from a questionnaire survey to the middle-line doctor, nurse and social managers (n = 404) within the responsibility area of a Finnish university hospital. Assessed the proportions of individual knowledge sources in the complete data set and their associations with the subjects' background data. In addition, grouping of individual knowledge sources variables are made using factor analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings indicate that social and health care managers attempt to utilize diverse knowledge sources. Overall, professional experience and education, organization budget, and action plans of one's own unit are estimated as knowledge sources with the greatest impact. Manager's professional background and activity sector are associated with the kind of knowledge affecting their decision-making. Some differences are noted between genders, but differences with respect to age or management experience are non-significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social and health care organizations represent expert organizations where decision-making is steered by professions and management tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper suggests that the future decision-makers will be required to identify versatile knowledge areas across cultural barriers, and to be capable of making comprehensive decisions affecting the entire organization.
authors.affiliation: Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. outi.simonen@pp.inet.fi
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simonen
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Viitanen
authors.forename: Juhani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehto
authors.forename: Anna-Maija
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Koivisto
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003657:Decision Making; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D019451:Information Management; D007255:Information Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D051188:Knowledge Bases; D012947:Social Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires