title: Papillary Ependymoma WHO Grade II of the Aqueduct Treated by Endoscopic Tumor Resection.
abstract: Papillary ependymoma is a rare tumor that may be located along the ventricular walls or within the spinal cord. We report the case of a 54-year-old patient with a papillary ependymoma WHO grade II arising at the entrance of the aqueduct. The tumor caused hydrocephalus. The tumor was completely removed via a right-sided endoscopic approach with restoration of the aqueduct. The free cerebrospinal fluid passage through the aqueduct was not only visualized by endoscopy but also controlled by intraoperative high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, an additional endoscopic third ventriculostomy was unneccessary.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Im Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: Heinz-Herrmann
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hugo
authors.forename: Arya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nabavi
authors.forename: H Maximilian
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mehdorn