title: Monocyte CD49e and 110-120 kDa fibronectin fragments: HIV prognostic indicators independent of viral load and CD4 T-cell counts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prognostic impact of chronic inflammation associated with HIV infections. Previously, we had observed that proteases, released in the course of HIV infections, cause 110-120 kDa fibronectin fragments (FNf) to appear in the blood of many patients. In vitro, at concentrations within the range found in patients' plasma, FNf stimulate monocytes to release proteolytic enzymes that remove CD49e from the cell surface and produce cytokines that suppress proliferation of activated T cells when stimulated by agents that crosslink their antigen receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A long-term observational study of patients whose plasma FNf and monocyte CD49e had been measured at 90-day intervals for 1.4 + or - 0.5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma FNf was measured by a quantitative western blot assay and monocyte CD49e expression by flow cytometry. Patients were monitored clinically for up to 5 years after enrollment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All-cause mortality was significantly higher in patients who had at least 5 microg/ml FNf in more than 50% of plasma samples and/or persistent depletion of monocyte CD49e. Persistence of FNf and depletion of monocyte CD49e were not associated with changes in viral load or CD4 T-cell counts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistently reduced expression of blood monocyte CD49e and/or the persistent presence of FNf in plasma are adverse prognostic markers in HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. rrossen@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Rossen
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: Wendy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: JoAnn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trial
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Orson
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Barradas
authors.forename: Holly H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Birdsall
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000097:blood*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D039482:Integrin alpha5 / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D039482:Integrin alpha5; D010446:Peptide Fragments