title: Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Warfarin reduces the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation but increases the risk of hemorrhage and is difficult to use. Dabigatran is a new oral direct thrombin inhibitor.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this noninferiority trial, we randomly assigned 18,113 patients who had atrial fibrillation and a risk of stroke to receive, in a blinded fashion, fixed doses of dabigatran--110 mg or 150 mg twice daily--or, in an unblinded fashion, adjusted-dose warfarin. The median duration of the follow-up period was 2.0 years. The primary outcome was stroke or systemic embolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of the primary outcome were 1.69% per year in the warfarin group, as compared with 1.53% per year in the group that received 110 mg of dabigatran (relative risk with dabigatran, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 1.11; P<0.001 for noninferiority) and 1.11% per year in the group that received 150 mg of dabigatran (relative risk, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.82; P<0.001 for superiority). The rate of major bleeding was 3.36% per year in the warfarin group, as compared with 2.71% per year in the group receiving 110 mg of dabigatran (P=0.003) and 3.11% per year in the group receiving 150 mg of dabigatran (P=0.31). The rate of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.38% per year in the warfarin group, as compared with 0.12% per year with 110 mg of dabigatran (P<0.001) and 0.10% per year with 150 mg of dabigatran (P<0.001). The mortality rate was 4.13% per year in the warfarin group, as compared with 3.75% per year with 110 mg of dabigatran (P=0.13) and 3.64% per year with 150 mg of dabigatran (P=0.051).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with atrial fibrillation, dabigatran given at a dose of 110 mg was associated with rates of stroke and systemic embolism that were similar to those associated with warfarin, as well as lower rates of major hemorrhage. Dabigatran administered at a dose of 150 mg, as compared with warfarin, was associated with lower rates of stroke and systemic embolism but similar rates of major hemorrhage. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00262600.)
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada. connostu@phri.ca
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ezekowitz
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eikelboom
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oldgren
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parekh
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pogue
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Ellison
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Themeles
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varrone
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alings
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Basil S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Darius
authors.forename: Hans-Christoph
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Diener
authors.forename: Campbell D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Joyner
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wallentin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D000069604:Dabigatran; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000139:chemically induced; D004617:Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D011355:Prodrugs; D011725:Pyridines; D014859:Warfarin; D000069604:Dabigatran