title: [The red blood cell antigen terminologies].
abstract: Since the discovery of blood groups in humans, several hundred new red blood cell antigens have been identified. Multiple terminology modes have been used to denote each new antigen identified, but without any consistent rules, nor international consensus. This was largely due to the many discoverers of these antigens, using either letters of the alphabet, numbers, part of the patient or donor's name, place of discovery or animal names. Besides, alternative terminologies for the Rh system were implemented in the middle of the twentieth century (Rosenfield, Fisher-Race, Wiener). The International Society of Blood Transfusion described for the first time in 1980 the advantages of an alphanumeric and homogeneous nomenclature, keeping with the genetic bases of blood groups, as well as a classification of all RBC antigens within several families. A variant of this new terminology, exclusively numerical, was simultaneously established, mainly designed for computer data exchange. Nearly 30 years later, 308 red blood cell antigens are described within 30 systems, 12 collections, one 700 series and one 901 series of blood groups. Any person involved in the field of immuno-haematology must master both the usual and international nomenclatures. The Wiener nomenclature used for Rh haplotypes, still largely used today, is also important to be known. The systematic use of the international nomenclature should be strongly encouraged, either in the labelling of blood products, clinical laboratory reports or blood type cards.
authors.affiliation: Institut national de la transfusion sanguine, centre national de référence pour les groupes sanguins, Paris, France. tpeyrard@ints.fr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peyrard
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rouger
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000145:classification; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000145:classification*; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility / Q000276:immunology; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007626:Kell Blood-Group System / Q000145:classification; D010641:Phenotype; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000145:classification; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D007626:Kell Blood-Group System; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System