title: Bilateral reorganization of the dentate gyrus in hippocampal sclerosis: a postmortem study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the most common surgical pathology associated with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). HS is typically characterized by mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) and reorganization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) fiber networks in the dentate gyrus. One potential cause of postoperative seizure recurrence following temporal lobe surgery may be the presence of seizure-associated bilateral hippocampal damage. We aimed to investigate patterns of hippocampal abnormalities in a postmortem series as identified by NPY and dynorphin immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of dentate gyrus fiber reorganization, using dynorphin (to demonstrate MFS) and NPY immunohistochemistry, was carried out in a postmortem epilepsy series of 25 cases (age range 21-96 years). In 9 patients, previously refractory seizures had become well controlled for up to 34 years prior to death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bilateral MFS or abnormal NPY patterns were seen in 15 patients including those with bilateral symmetric, asymmetric, and unilateral HS by conventional histologic criteria. MFS and NPY reorganization was present in all classical HS cases, more variably in atypical HS, present in both MTLE and non-MTLE syndromes and with seizure histories of up to 92 years, despite seizure remission in some patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synaptic reorganization in the dentate gyrus may be a bilateral, persistent process in epilepsy. It is unlikely to be sufficient to generate seizures and more likely to represent a seizure-induced phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK. M.Thom@ion.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thom
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martinian
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catarino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yogarajah
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Koepp
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caboclo
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sisodiya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002452:Cell Count; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D004399:Dynorphins / Q000378:metabolism; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D019599:Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal / Q000378:metabolism; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism; D012598:Sclerosis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D004399:Dynorphins