title: Efficacy of Profile .04 taper series 29 in removing filling materials during root canal retreatment--an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare Profile .04 taper series 29 instruments and hand files for gutta-percha removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty maxillary central incisors with a single straight canal were instrumented and filled. The teeth were divided into 2 groups of 10 specimens each, according to gutta-percha removal techniques: Group 1- Profile series 29 and Group 2- hand files and solvent. The amount of time for gutta-percha removal and the number of fractured instruments were evaluated. Radiographs were taken and the teeth were grooved longitudinally and split. The area of residual debris was measured using computer software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time for filling material removal was significantly shorter when Profile series 29 was used (P = .00). Regarding cleanliness, there were no statistical differences in the teeth halves evaluations (P > .05). Hand instruments cleaned the canals significantly better than Profiles, in the radiographic analysis considering the whole canal. Overall, the radiographic analysis showed a smaller percentage of residual debris than the teeth halves analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Profile series 29 instruments proved to be faster than hand instruments in removing root filling materials; however, hand instruments yielded better root canal cleanliness. Some residual debris was not visualized by radiographs.
authors.affiliation: Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil. lucianavb@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Luciana Viti
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Betti
authors.forename: Clovis Monteiro
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bramante
authors.forename: Ivaldo Gomes
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Norberti
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernardineli
authors.forename: Roberto Brandão
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D017005:Dental Debonding / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003762:Dental Instruments / Q000145:classification*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000601:surgery; D004867:Equipment Design; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008437:Maxilla; D019233:Retreatment; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012389:Root Canal Obturation; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016369:Smear Layer; D013997:Time Factors; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha