title: Effects of inhaled nitric oxide on primary graft dysfunction in lung transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a gaseous drug with known properties of specific pulmonary vasodilation and improved oxygenation. In some clinical trials on lung transplantation (LT) in animals, it has been demonstrated to reduce primary graft dysfunction (PGD) by limiting neutrophil adhesion and the inflammatory cascade. Our objective was to assess whether iNO showed this immunomodulatory effect by determining interleukin (IL)-6, -8, and -10 levels in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in LT patients, and its relationship with PGD incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine LT patients were recruited and included in the iNO or in the control group. Patients in the first group were given iNO (10 ppm) from the start of LT to 48 hours afterward. BAL and blood samples were taken preimplantation and at 12, 24, and 48 hours after graft reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The iNO group displayed a significantly lower incidence (P < .035) of PGD (17.2%) than the control group (45%). Significant differences (P < .05) were also observed in the iNO group with lower levels of IL-6 (in blood at 12 hours), IL-8 (in blood and BAL at 12 and 24 hours), and IL-10 (in blood at 12 and 24 hours and BAL at 24 hours).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PGD is associated with the development of an inflammatory process that is reduced by giving iNO to lung recipients. In our series, the iNO group displayed significantly lower content of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in the majority of samples at 12 and 24 hours compared with the control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain. nachomoreno@ono.com
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbera
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide