title: Effects on management and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock patients admitted to the intensive care unit after implementation of a sepsis program: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The application in clinical practice of evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with severe sepsis/septic shock is still poor in the emergency department, while little data are available for patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an in-hospital sepsis program on the adherence to evidence-based guidelines and outcome of patients with severe sepsis/septic shock admitted to the ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective observational cohort study included 67 patients with severe sepsis/septic shock admitted to a multidisciplinary ICU at a University Hospital from January 2005 to June 2007. Compliance to 5 resuscitation and 4 management sepsis interventions and in-hospital mortality were measured following an educational program on sepsis for physician and nurses of all hospital departments and hospital implementation of a specific protocol for recognition and management of patients with severe sepsis/septic shock, including an early consultation by a skilled 'sepsis team'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, the compliance to all 9 interventions increased from 8% to 35% of the patients (P < 0.01). The implementation of resuscitation and management interventions was associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality (23% vs 68% and 27% vs 68%, P < 0.01). In the latter 2 semesters, after activation of the 'sepsis team', in-hospital mortality of ICU septic shock patients decreased by about 40% compared with the previous period (32% vs 79%, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience, an in-hospital sepsis program, including education of health-care personnel and process-changes, improved the adherence to guidelines and the survival rate of patients with severe sepsis/septic shock admitted to the ICU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and University Hospital of Modena, Lgo del Pozzo, Modena 41100, Italy. girardis.massimo@unimo.it
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Girardis
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Donno
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marietta
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Codeluppi
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchegiano
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Venturelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019370:Observation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013534:Survival; D016896:Treatment Outcome