title: Production of laccases by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged fermentation in co-culture with Trichoderma viride.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the production and stability of laccases by Pleurotus ostreatus in liquid co-cultures with Trichoderma viride as a function of infection time and agitation rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pleurotus ostreatus cultures were infected with T. viride spores at 30 and 48 h. Maximal laccase volumetric activity was seen after 48 h (control cultures) or 72 h (co-cultures) of cultivation time. Only the cultures infected at 30 h showed an increased laccase volumetric activity compared to control cultures. After maximal laccase volumetric activity value was reached, a sharp decrease in it was observed in control cultures. Co-cultures exhibited a comparatively lower loss of activity. The influence of P. ostreatus and/or T. viride on the stability of laccase volumetric activity and isoenzyme pattern was evaluated. Trichoderma viride induced changes in the laccase isoenzyme pattern. Agitated cultures increased biomass growth and specific productivity threefold and sevenfold, respectively, to the static cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The laccase volumetric activity is very likely the result of the balance between biosynthesis and degradation/biotransformation rates occurring during the cultures. The individual presence of P. ostreatus or T. viride in the culture negatively affected the volumetric laccase activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation of culture parameters that could influence Trichoderma-basidomycetes interaction and laccase production during submerged fermentation has not been reported. This study showed how laccase production in co-cultures of P. ostreatus and T. viride was influenced by the infection time and agitation/oxygenation conditions.
authors.affiliation:  Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation:  Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casasanero
authors.affiliation:  Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Trejo-Hernández
authors.affiliation:  Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.affiliation:  Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serrano-Carreón
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005285:Fermentation; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D042845:Laccase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D042845:Laccase