title: Reducing the incidence of ear deformity in facelift.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The telltale signs associated with facelift procedures, including tightening of the lower face (lateral sweep), visible scars, a distorted hairline, and the "pixie ear" deformity are grounds for concern among both patients and aesthetic surgeons. It is the author's belief that facelift results can be improved with correct positioning of the ears, so that these signs are reduced or eliminated altogether.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to study the causes of ear deformity and describe the advantages of the author's technique for the prevention of ear deformities in facelift surgeries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2005 and November 2007, the author performed facelifts on 106 patients using a technique that included autologous fat injections to improve facial volume, hidden incisions in and around the ear, and absorbable bidirectional barbed sutures. Patient charts and photographs were reviewed retrospectively. Pre- and postoperative angles were measured with respect to the ear and face and were documented to determine the degree of improvement or deformity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvement of the specified angles was noted in 70% of cases following facelift surgery; in these cases, the ear position was elevated. No change in ear position occurred in 10% of cases. Some distortion and lowering of the ear was seen in the remaining cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognition of the effects of aging on the ear and the mechanisms leading to ear deformity associated with facelift procedures can aid in achieving improved aesthetic results. The advantages of the author's technique include shorter incisions, a diminished need to remove redundant skin, ear elevation, and a smoother repair with improved contour. Further investigation of long-term results is necessary.
authors.affiliation: podichettyv@rppmed.com
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Man
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D000368:Aged; D004426:Ear Deformities, Acquired / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004431:Ear, External / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007267:Injections; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome