title: Suberythemal ultraviolet B radiation alters the expression of cell cycle-related proteins in the epidermis of human subjects without leading to photoprotection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deregulation of the cell cycle proteins is one of the critical factors leading to cutaneous carcinogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To monitor the expression of cell cycle proteins in the epidermis of subjects after repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) B radiation, and to test for the development of photoprotection by subsequent irradiation with a single erythemal UVB dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 26 healthy volunteers were divided into four groups: group 1 (n = 9) were given whole-body UVB irradiation for 10 consecutive days with 0.7 minimal erythema dose (MED), group 2 (n = 9) were irradiated as in group 1 followed 24 h later by a single UVB dose of 3 MED on buttock skin, group 3 (n = 4) were irradiated with a UVB dose of 3 MED on buttock skin, and group 4 (n = 4) were not irradiated. Skin biopsies were collected 24 h after the final irradiation and stained for cyclins A, B1, D1, and p16, p18, p21, p27, p53, pRB, Bax and Bcl-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of cyclin D1, p18 and p21 was significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 compared with the nonirradiated group 4 controls and, in group 2, the expression of pRB, p53 and Bax was also increased. In group 3, only p53 and Bax proteins were significantly elevated compared with group 4. The expression of cyclin D1, p16, p18, p27, pRB and Bcl-2 was higher in group 2 compared with group 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suberythemal UVB radiation was sufficient to cause changes in the expression of several epidermal cell cycle proteins. When tested by irradiation with a single erythemal UVB dose following the repeated exposures, no photoprotection against the UV-induced alteration in cell cycle protein expression was apparent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Lodz, 94-017 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narbutt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norval
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slowik-Rylska
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jochymski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kozłowski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sysa-Jedrzejowska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rogowski-Tylman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lesiak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004890:Erythema / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins