title: Two crystal structures of pneumococcal pilus sortase C provide novel insights into catalysis and substrate specificity.
abstract: The respiratory tract pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pili enhance initial adhesion as well as the capacity of pneumococci to cause pneumonia and bacteremia. Pilus-associated sortases (SrtB, SrtC, and SrtD) are involved in the biogenesis of pneumococcal pili, composed of repeating units of RrgB that create the stalk to which the RrgA adhesin and the preferential pilus tip subunit RrgC are covalently associated. Using single sortase-expressing strains, we demonstrate that both pilin-polymerizing sortases SrtB and SrtC can covalently link pili to the peptidoglycan cell wall, a property shared with the non-pilus-polymerizing enzyme SrtD and the housekeeping sortase SrtA. Comparative analysis of the crystal structures of S. pneumoniae SrtC and SrtB revealed structural differences explaining the incapacity of SrtC, but not of SrtB, to incorporate RrgC into the pilus. Accordingly, site-directed mutagenesis of Thr(160) in SrtB to an arginine as in SrtC (Arg(160)) partially converted its substrate specificity into that of SrtC. Solving two crystal structures for SrtC suggests that an opening of a flexible lid and a concomitant cysteine rotation are important for catalysis and the activation of the catalytic cysteine of pilus-associated sortases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Neiers
authors.forename: Chaithanya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Madhurantakam
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fälker
authors.forename: Clothilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manzano
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dessen
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Normark
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henriques-Normark
authors.forename: Adnane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Achour
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D019881:Aminoacyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D055162:Biocatalysis; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000201:enzymology; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003545:Cysteine; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry*; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000201:enzymology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000201:enzymology*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010457:Peptidoglycan; C509822:sortase C; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins; D019881:Aminoacyltransferases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D003545:Cysteine