Nrf2 plays an important role in coordinated regulation of Phase II drug metabolism enzymes and Phase III drug transporters.
The nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown to play pivotal roles in preventing xenobiotic-related toxicity and carcinogen-induced carcinogenesis. These protective roles of Nrf2 have been attributed in part to its involvement in the induction of Phase II drug conjugation/detoxification enzymes as well as antioxidant enzymes through the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathways. This review summarizes the current research status of the identification of Nrf2-regulated drug metabolism enzymes (DMEs), especially Phase II DMEs, and Phase III drug transporters. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the coordinated regulation of Phase II DMEs and Phase III transporters will also be discussed based on findings published in the literature.
Shen
Guoxiang
G
Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
Kong
Ah-Ng
AN
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002273:Carcinogens; D004249:DNA Damage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic / Q000502:physiology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D051381:Rats; D020218:Response Elements; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D015262:Xenobiotics; C017199:2',3'-dialdehyde ATP; C110655:UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT1A6