title: Effect of elevated exhaled nitric oxide levels on the risk of respiratory tract illness in preschool-aged children with moderate-to-severe intermittent wheezing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a noninvasive marker for airway inflammation but requires further study in preschool-aged children to determine its clinical relevance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the risk of respiratory tract illnesses (RTIs), disease burden, and atopic features are related to FeNO in preschool-aged children with moderate-to-severe intermittent wheezing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined FeNO using the off-line tidal breathing technique in 89 children, aged 12 to 59 months, with moderate-to-severe intermittent wheezing. The risk of RTI was determined by comparing participants with a baseline FeNO of greater than the 75th percentile (24.4 ppb) with those with a baseline FeNO at the 75th percentile or lower using Cox regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of RTI was significantly higher in children with an FeNO of greater than 24.4 ppb relative to those with lower FeNO values (adjusted relative risk, 3.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.74-8.22; P < .001). FeNO levels of greater than 24.4 ppb were associated with more positive skin test results to aeroallergens (P = .03) but not with other atopic characteristics or historic parameters of illness burden.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An elevated FeNO in preschool-aged children with moderate-to-severe intermittent wheezing was associated with an increased risk of RTI during a 1-year follow-up. In addition, a higher FeNO was associated with aeroallergen sensitization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Avraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beigelman
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Mauger
authors.forename: Brenda R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Zeiger
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Taussig
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Strunk
authors.forename: Leonard B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Bacharier
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D001944:Breath Tests; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007223:Infant; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012306:Risk; D012621:Seasons; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D009569:Nitric Oxide