title: Massive pan-gastrointestinal bleeding following cocaine use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An 18-year-old adolescent with cystic fibrosis developed massive gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  History, physical examination, upper and lower endoscopy and wireless capsule endoscopy were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upper and lower endoscopy did not reveal cause of persistent bleeding. Wireless capsule endoscopy revealed pan-gastrointestinal ischemic injury. Further discussion with the patient revealed recent cocaine ingestion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most reported cases of gut injury following cocaine abuse describe juxtapyloric and colonic injury; this case demonstrates that ischemic gut injury after cocaine use can be extensive and may be the reason for the associated high mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA. gibbonstroye@uams.edu
authors.forename: Troy Emanuel
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: Kadria
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.forename: George Joseph
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fuchs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002214:Capsules; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007579:Jejunal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D016578:Crack Cocaine