title: Low-birth weight children develop lower sex hormone binding globulin and higher dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels and aggravate their visceral adiposity and hypoadiponectinemia between six and eight years of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most children born small for gestational age (SGA) normalize their body size by late infancy. Between 2 and 6 yr, such SGA children develop higher circulating levels of insulin, lower levels of adiponectin, and more visceral fat than appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) controls, even in the absence of overweight. Here we report on their further course between 6 and 8 yr. STUDY DESIGN AND POPULATION: Longitudinal study over 2 yr comparing data from 32 AGA vs. 32 SGA children, matched for gender, height, weight, and body mass index at the age of 6 yr.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), SHBG, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin, IGF-I; body composition by absorptiometry; and abdominal fat partitioning by magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 6 and 8 yr, novel AGA-vs.-SGA divergences emerged (higher DHEAS and lower SHBG in SGA; P < 0.001), and some earlier divergences widened further (HMW adiponectin, visceral fat; P < 0.001), whereas others stabilized (fasting insulin, IGF-I). At age 8 yr, the most discerning features of SGA children were a high ratio of visceral over sc fat in the abdominal region (69% of SGA children), HMW hypoadiponectinemia (41%), fasting hyperinsulinemia (34%), and elevated circulating IGF-I levels (31%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SGA children with spontaneous catch-up growth develop relatively high DHEAS and low SHBG levels and become more often HMW hypoadiponectinemic and viscerally adipose between 6 and 8 yr of age.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain. libanez@hsjdbcn.org
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.forename: Abel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez-Bermejo
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Larisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Zegher
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000172:deficiency*; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D020738:Leptin; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I