title: The prolyl-hydroxylase EGLN3 and not EGLN1 is inactivated by methylation in plasma cell neoplasia.
abstract: EGLN1 and EGLN3 are members of the egg-laying-defective 9 (EglN) prolyl-hydroxylases which during normoxia catalyse hydroxylation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, thereby promoting its ubiquitination by a complex containing the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor. EGLN3 also has pro-apoptotic activity in some cell types. Analyses of a well-characterised series of cases of plasma cell dyscrasias, including multiple myeloma (MM), Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) surprisingly demonstrated that the CpG island of EGLN3, and not EGLN1, is frequently methylated in these disorders. Multiple myeloma patients with a methylated EGLN3 promoter showed trends towards an increased risk of death, bone lytic lesions, anaemia, advanced stage of disease and the presence of extramedullary disease. Those individuals with methylation in the EGLN3 CpG island also had significantly lower albumin levels. These data suggest that the prolyl-hydroxylases may be a novel class of potential tumour suppressors in plasma cell neoplasia that warrant further investigation with regard to their potential utility as biomarkers. Moreover, we observed that EGLN3 is also methylated at high frequency in B-cell lymphoma subtypes, implying that loss of EGLN3 is an important epigenetic event not only in plasma cell neoplasias but also in B-cell neoplasias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University of Ioannina, Greece. ehatzim@cc.uoi.gr
authors.forename: Eleftheria
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatzimichael
authors.forename: Aggeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dasoula
authors.forename: Reshma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Nelofer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papoudou-Bai
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Coley
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dranitsaris
authors.forename: Konstantinos L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bourantas
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stebbing
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Crook
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000201:enzymology; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D064799:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008998:Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D010265:Paraproteinemias / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D011393:Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008258:Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D049308:Dioxygenases; C490190:EGLN1 protein, human; D011393:Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase; C488894:EGLN3 protein, human; D064799:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases