title: Effect of radiopaque Portland cement on mineralization in human dental pulp cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiopaque Portland cement (RPC) facilitates the mineralization process in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) compared with pure Portland cement (PC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), cellular morphology was evaluated. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was analyzed, and nodule formation was assessed by performing Alizarin Red S staining. In addition, the mRNA expressions of mineralization-related proteins were evaluated by performing a real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On SEM evaluation, healthy HDPCs were found adhering to the surfaces of PC and RPC. The ALP activity increased in the PC and RPC groups compared with the control group at 1 day. Alizarin Red stain increased in the PC and RPC groups compared with the control group at 2 and 3 weeks. The mRNA expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein increased at 14 days in the PC and RPC groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that PC and RPC have similar effects in terms of mineralization and suggest that RPC also has the potential to be used as a clinically suitable pulp-capping material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-San
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Sang-Im
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000880:Anthraquinones; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002452:Cell Count; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D015676:Osteonectin / Q000032:analysis; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014074:Tooth Calcification / Q000187:drug effects*; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000494:pharmacology; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000880:Anthraquinones; D015415:Biomarkers; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D015676:Osteonectin; D010087:Oxides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D017640:Silicates; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C004468:Alizarin Red S; C031667:IRM cement