title: Vagus nerve stimulation.
abstract: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a key tool in the treatment of patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Although the mechanism of action of VNS remains poorly understood, this modality is now the most widely used nonpharmacological treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy. The goal of this work is to review the history of VNS and provide information on recent advances and applications of this technology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Dzenan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lulic
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadian
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Baaj
authors.forename: Selim R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Benbadis
authors.forename: Fernando L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Vale
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018579:Patient Selection; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055536:Vagus Nerve Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants