title: Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine on experimental chronic cadmium nephrotoxicity in immature female rats.
abstract: In the present study, female Sprague-Dawley rats received CdCl(2) (50 mg/L through drinking water) and/or N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 120 mg/kg/day, orally) to investigate the protective effect of NAC on Cd-induced renal damage. Renal toxicity was evaluated by measuring the contents of total protein, beta(2)-microglobulin, and alpha(1)-microglobulin in the urine and urinary enzyme markers of tubular necrosis, as well as levels of serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of glutathione, malondialdehyde, and trace elements in the kidney were also measured. Animals that received both Cd and NAC showed a better renal function than those receiving Cd alone. In addition, NAC significantly reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the kidney of cadmium-treated rats. The enzymic and nonenzymatic antioxidants levels are not restored, but their further decrease is prevented by NAC. Also NAC administration does not modify the urinary excretion of cadmium or contents of cadmium in the serum and kidney. In conclusion, NAC exerts its protective effect by decreased LPO and improving antioxidants status to prevent renal tubular damage induced by chronic Cd administration, most probably through its antioxidant properties.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004798:Enzymes; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D020011:Protective Agents; D014131:Trace Elements; D002104:Cadmium; D000111:Acetylcysteine