title: Esophageal candidiasis in an immunocompetent girl.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infections of the esophagus are rare and most commonly seen in children with immune suppression resulting from malignancy, chronic metabolic or infectious disease, or immunosuppressive drug therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 18-month-old girl on inhaled corticosteroid for bronchial asthma presented with coffee-ground emesis and melena. Upper endoscopy revealed yellow-white plaques scattered over the mucosa of the distal esophagus. Biopsy results showed chronic esophagitis with features of reflux disease. Gram staining of esophageal brushing showed pseudohyphae, and the culture was positive for candida species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient was treated with omeprazole 2 mg/kg per day and fluconazole 6 mg/kg per day for three weeks. Immunological workup was normal and she was negative for human immunodeficiency virus. Post treatment endoscopy showed normal appearance of esophageal mucosa and normal histology. At 12 months after treatment, the child remained asymptomatic and continued to thrive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that this child developed esophageal candidiasis secondary to long-term use of inhaled corticosteroid associated with immune suppression on a background of reflux esophagitis. Anti-acid and antifungal therapies are effective in the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. myhasosah@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mohammed Yahya
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hasosah
authors.forename: Mahmmod
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Showail
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Sahafi
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satti
authors.forename: Kevan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007121:Immunocompetence; D007223:Infant; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015725:Fluconazole; D009853:Omeprazole