Intensity of resistance exercise determines adipokine and resting energy expenditure responses in overweight elderly individuals.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the time course of leptin, adiponectin, and resting energy expenditure (REE) responses in overweight elderly males after acute resistance exercise protocols of various intensity configurations.


METHODS
Forty inactive men (65-82 years) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 10/group): control, low-intensity resistance exercise, moderate-intensity resistance exercise, and high-intensity resistance exercise. Exercise energy cost, REE, leptin, adiponectin, cortisol, insulin, lactate, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and glycerol were determined at baseline, immediately after exercise, and during a 72-h recovery period.


RESULTS
Exercise energy cost was lower in high-intensity than in low-intensity and moderate-intensity groups (221.6 +/- 8.8 vs. 295.6 +/- 10.7 and 281.6 +/- 9.8 kcal, P < 0.001). Lactate, glucose, NEFAs, and glycerol concentrations increased (P < 0.001) after exercise and returned to baseline thereafter in all groups. REE increased (P < 0.001) in all groups at 12 h in an intensity-dependent manner (P < 0.05). REE reached baseline after 48 h in the low- and moderate-intensity groups and after 72 h in the high-intensity group. Cortisol peaked in all active groups after exercise (P < 0.001) and remained elevated (P < 0.001) for 12 h. After adjustment for plasma volume shifts, leptin remained unaltered. Adiponectin concentration increased after 12 h and remained elevated for 24 h only in the high-intensity group (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Resistance exercise does not alter circulating leptin concentration but does increase REE and adiponectin in an intensity-dependent manner for as long as 48 and 24 h, respectively, in overweight elderly individuals. It appears that resistance exercise may represent an effective approach for weight management and metabolic control in overweight elderly individuals.
Fatouros
Ioannis G
IG
Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece. ifatouro@phyed.duth.gr
Chatzinikolaou
Athanasios
A
Tournis
Symeon
S
Nikolaidis
Michalis G
MG
Jamurtas
Athanasios Z
AZ
Douroudos
Ioannis I
II
Papassotiriou
Ioannis
I
Thomakos
Petros M
PM
Taxildaris
Kyriakos
K
Mastorakos
George
G
Mitrakou
Asimina
A
D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin