title: Antitumor activity of natural compounds, curcumin and PKF118-310, as Wnt/β-catenin antagonists against human osteosarcoma cells.
abstract: Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway promotes osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that osteosarcoma progression may be delayed by disrupting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway using small molecule inhibitors such as curcumin and PKF118-310. Effective inhibitions of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by curcumin and PKF118-310 in osteosarcoma cells were shown by the suppression of both intrinsic and activated β-catenin/Tcf transcriptional activities using luciferase reporter assays. Western blot analysis revealed that there was no change in the amount of cytosolic β-catenin, although nuclear β-catenin was markedly reduced by treatment with either compounds. We next performed wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays and observed a dose-dependent decrease in osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion with curcumin and PKF118-310 treatment. Overexpression of the wild-type β-catenin plasmid in osteosarcoma cells resulted in enhanced cell invasiveness but this effect was significantly overcome by curcumin. Gelatin zymography and Western blotting showed that reduced cell invasion with curcumin and PKF118-310 treatment correlated with the activity and protein level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 under conditions of intrinsic or extrinsic Wnt/β-catenin activation. Using cell apoptosis assay and cell cycle analysis, we further showed that the anti-proliferative effect of PKF118-310 is attributed to PKF118-310-induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest. Lastly, we observed that these anti-cancer effects correlated with the decreased expression of cyclin D1, c-Myc and survivin. Our findings strongly suggest that curcumin and PKF118-310 have great therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
authors.forename: Pay-Chin
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Leow
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Zhan-Yuin
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Pui-Lai Rachel
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ee
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; C548732:PKF118-310; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D014227:Triazines; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D003474:Curcumin