Mitochondria as ATP consumers in cellular pathology.
ATP provided by oxidative phosphorylation supports highly complex and energetically expensive cellular processes. Yet, in several pathological settings, mitochondria could revert to ATP consumption, aggravating an existing cellular pathology. Here we review (i) the pathological conditions leading to ATP hydrolysis by the reverse operation of the mitochondrial F(o)F(1)-ATPase, (ii) molecular and thermodynamic factors influencing the directionality of the F(o)F(1)-ATPase, (iii) the role of the adenine nucleotide translocase as the intermediary adenine nucleotide flux pathway between the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix when mitochondria become ATP consumers, (iv) the role of the permeability transition pore in bypassing the ANT, thereby allowing the flux of ATP directly to the hydrolyzing F(o)F(1)-ATPase, (v) the impact of the permeability transition pore on glycolytic ATP production, and (vi) endogenous and exogenous interventions for limiting ATP hydrolysis by the mitochondrial F(o)F(1)-ATPase.
Chinopoulos
Christos
C
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Neurobiochemical Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
Adam-Vizi
Vera
V
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases