title: Identification of critical areas for motor function recovery in chronic stroke subjects using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous stroke studies using fMRI or lesion characterization methods to study the preservation of motor performance have been limited in defining anatomical structure critical for functional performance. This study attempts to overcome this limitation by using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) to identify specific anatomical regions required for preservation of motor function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one moderate to moderately severe stroke subjects (upper extremity Fugl-Meyer between 28 and 50, Arm Motor Ability Test >35) were imaged with a 1 mm isotropic T1-weighted volumetric sequence, and their motor performance was assessed. The T1 volume images were normalized to a symmetric template using SPM5 and oriented so the lesion appeared in the left hemisphere. The lesioned areas were manually segmented on the normalized T1 image. All 3D lesion maps were entered into the VLSM analysis. Areas showing significant correlations with functional performance measures were identified using the false discovery rate corrected at p< or =0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The areas most correlated with a decrease in motor performance were at the junction of the corona radiata leading into the corticospinal tract. The Arm Motor Ability Test scores produced the most significant results, while the other measures showed similar anatomical patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of lesion symptom mapping in conjunction with behavioral measures produced anatomically specific results demonstrating that the area leading from the corticospinal tract to cortical motor areas is critical for maintaining hand motor performance after a stroke. This area may represent the joining of parallel redundant tracts that, when damaged, limit recovery potential.
authors.affiliation: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 737 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gitelman
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hulvershorn
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parrish
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen