title: Exogenous natural surfactant for treatment of acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Compositional changes in surfactant and/or decreased surfactant content of the lungs are common features in patients with acute respiratory failure. Instillation of exogenous surfactant into the lungs of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome or pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has resulted in improved survival.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We conducted this trial to determine whether the instillation of exogenous surfactant would improve the Day 28 outcome of adult patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or ARDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 418 patients with ALI and ARDS were included in an international, multicenter, stratified, randomized, controlled, open, parallel-group study. We randomly assigned 418 patients to receive usual care either with or without instillation of exogenous natural porcine surfactant HL 10 as large boluses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary endpoint was death rate before or on Day 28. Secondary endpoints were adverse event and death rate on day 180. The 28-day death rate in the usual care group was 24.5% compared with 28.8% in the HL 10 group. The estimated odds ratio for death at Day 28 in the usual care group versus the HL 10 group was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.48-1.18; P = 0.22). The most common adverse events related to HL 10 administration were temporary hypoxemia defined as oxygen saturation less than 88% (51.9% in HL 10 group vs. 25.2% in usual care) and hypotension defined as mean arterial blood pressure less than 60 mm Hg (34.1% in HL 10 group vs. 17.1% in usual care).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, instillation of a large bolus of exogenous natural porcine surfactant HL 10 into patients with acute lung injury and ARDS did not improve outcome and showed a trend toward increased mortality and adverse effects. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00742482).
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Q 04.460, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.kesecioglu@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kesecioglu
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Findlay
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rouby
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holzapfel
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruins
authors.forename: Edmee J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Steenken
authors.forename: Ole K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Jeppesen
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lachmann
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants