title: Violation of the ISNT rule in Nonglaucomatous pediatric optic disc cupping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether nonglaucomatous optic disc cupping in children violates the ISNT rule (which states that for normal optic discs the neuroretinal rim width is greatest in the order inferior >or= superior >or= nasal >or= temporal).
  
  
  METHODS
  Digital ocular fundus photographs from a random cohort of children with large optic disc cups of nonglaucomatous origin were analyzed in masked fashion by using computer graphic software. The diameter and perimeter of each optic disc and optic cup and the width of the neuroretinal rim were drawn and measured. Measurements were compared to a random cohort of normal pediatric optic discs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ISNT rule was intact in 9 (16%) of 55 eyes of nonpremature children with nonglaucomatous cupping, in 6 (21%) of 28 eyes of children with a history of prematurity and nonglaucomatous cupping, and in 35 (73%) of 48 eyes with normal discs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Violation of the ISNT rule occurs with greater frequency in the pediatric population with large optic disc cups of nonglaucomatous origin, compared with the pediatric population with normal optic discs. In discs with small cups, neuroretinal rim width conforms to the overall oval shape of the disc, which is usually greatest in vertical dimension, whereas discs with large cups possess greater variability of relative neuroretinal rim width around the disc, greater relative vertical cup/disc ratio versus horizontal cup/disc ratio, and lower predictability of the ISNT rule.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32207, USA. apogrebn@nemours.org
authors.forename: Alexander E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Pogrebniak
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wehrung
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Pogrebniak
authors.forename: Rajesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010781:Photography; D012160:Retina / Q000033:anatomy & histology*