title: Physical-mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements indicated for atraumatic restorative treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements (GICs) used for atraumatic restorative treatment. Wear resistance, Knoop hardness (Kh), flexural (F(s)) and compressive strength (C(s)) were evaluated. The GICs used were Riva Self Cure (RVA), Fuji IX (FIX), Hi Dense (HD), Vitro Molar (VM), Maxxion R (MXR) and Ketac Molar Easymix (KME).
  
  
  METHODS
  Wear was evaluated after 1, 4, 63 and 365 days. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (P = 0.05) analysed differences in wear of the GICs and the time effect. F(s), C(s), and Kh were analysed with one-way ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The type of cement (p < 0.001) and the time (p < 0.001) had a significant effect on wear. In early-term wear and Kh, KME and FIX presented the best performance. In long-term wear, F(s) and C(s), KME, FIX and HD had the best performance. Strong explanatory power between F(s) and the Kh (r(2) = 0.85), C(s) and the Kh (r(2) = 0.82), long-term wear and F(s) of 24 h (r(2) = 0.79) were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggested that KME and FIX presented the best in vitro performance. HD showed good results except for early-term wear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. C.Bonifacio@acta.nl
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Bonifácio
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kleverlaan
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Raggio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: R C R
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: van Amerongen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D008422:Materials Testing; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements