title: Effect of electromagnetic pulse exposure on brain micro vascular permeability in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effect of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure on cerebral micro vascular permeability in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The whole-body of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed or sham exposed to 200 pulses or 400 pulses (1 Hz) of EMP at 200 kV/m. At 0.5, 1, 3, 6, and 12 h after EMP exposure, the permeability of cerebral micro vascular was detected by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using lanthanum nitrate and endogenous albumin as vascular tracers, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lanthanum nitrate tracer was limited to the micro vascular lumen with no lanthanum nitrate or albumin tracer extravasation in control rat brain. After EMP exposure, the lanthanum nitrate ions reached the tight junction, basal lamina and pericapillary tissue. Similarly, the albumin immunopositive staining was identified in pericapillary tissue. The changes in brain micro vascular permeability were transient, the leakage of micro vascular vessels appeared at 1 h, and reached its peak at 3 h, and nearly recovered at 12 h, after EMP exposure. In addition, the leakage of micro vascular was more obvious after exposure of EMP at 400 pulses than after exposure of EMP at 200 pulses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to 200 and 400 pulses (1 Hz) of EMP at 200 kV/m can increase cerebral micro vascular permeability in rats, which is recoverable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Rong
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Kang-Chu
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-Wu
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yong-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Lian-Bo
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Sheng-Long
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Guo-Zhen
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley