title: Exploring objects with feet advances movement in infants born preterm: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous work has shown that full-term infants who were healthy contacted a toy with their feet several weeks before they did so with their hands and that movement training advanced feet reaching. Certain populations of preterm infants are delayed in hand reaching; however, feet reaching has not been investigated in any preterm population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether preterm infants born at less than 33 weeks of gestational age contacted a toy with their feet at 2 months of corrected age, before doing so with their hands, and whether movement training advanced feet reaching.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six infants born preterm were randomly assigned to receive daily movement training or daily social training. During the 8-week training period, the infants were videotaped in a testing session every other week from 2 to 4 months of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups contacted the toy with their feet at 2 months of age during the first testing session prior to training, at an age when no infants consistently contacted the toy with their hands. After 8 weeks of training, the movement training group displayed a greater number and longer duration of foot-toy contacts compared with the social training group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that movement experiences advance feet reaching as they do for hand reaching. For clinicians, feet-oriented play may provide an early intervention strategy to encourage object interaction for movement impairments within the first months of postnatal life. Future studies can build on these results to test the long-term benefit of encouraging early purposeful leg movements.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Therapy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. jill.heathcock@osumc.edu
authors.forename: Jill C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Heathcock
authors.forename: James C Cole
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Galloway
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D026241:Exercise Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D018730:Infant Behavior / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D010988:Play and Playthings; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology