Smoking cessation: How compelling is the evidence? A review.
OBJECTIVE
To provide a short review of the evidence base supporting smoking cessation interventions, including behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatment options.


METHODS
Published meta-analysis was mainly used supplemented with a limited literature search.


RESULTS
Effective smoking cessation consists of pharmacotherapy and behavioral support. Counseling increases abstinence rates parallel to the intensity of support. First-line pharmacological drugs for smoking cessation are nicotine replacement products (patch, gum, inhaler, nasal spray, lozenge/tablets), varenicline and bupropion SR with scientific well-documented efficacy when used for 2-3 months and mostly mild side effects. Alternative therapies such as hypnosis and acupuncture have no scientifically proven effects.


CONCLUSIONS
With the most optimal drugs and counseling today a 1-year abstinence rate of approximately 25% can be expected in smoking cessation. On-going research is examining the potential effects of nicotine vaccination as relapse prevention.
Tønnesen
Philip
P
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Denmark. d144002@dadlnet.dk
D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods
D009538:Nicotine