A proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-32beta promotes the production of an anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10.
A new proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-32 (IL-32) has six isoforms. Although IL-32 can be detected in sera from patients suffering from Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis, it is unclear which isoforms are involved. To this end, we investigated the functions of the most abundant IL-32beta by generating K562-IL-32beta stable cell lines. This report confirms, using IL-32 small interfering RNA, that IL-32beta induces an anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in K562-IL-32beta cells and U937 promonocytic cells, which express endogenous IL-32beta upon phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Interleukin-32beta was induced in monocyte-derived macrophages by LPS and in monocyte-derived DC by LPS, poly(I:C), or anti-CD40 antibody, but was not induced by PMA. We showed that IL-32beta expression was increased in a time-dependent manner in monocyte-derived DC upon LPS treatment and peaked at 24 hr. Production of IL-10 was exactly coincident with IL-32beta expression, but IL-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production peaked at 6 hr after LPS treatment, then steeply declined. Interleukin-12 p40 was induced at 9 hr and gradually increased until 48 hr, at which time IL-32beta and IL-10 were no longer increased. Knock-down of IL-32beta by IL-32 small interfering RNA led to the decrease of IL-10, but the increase of IL-12 in monocyte-derived DC, which means that IL-32beta promotes IL-10 production, but limits IL-12 production. We also showed that IL-10 neutralization increases IL-12, IL-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production, which implies that IL-10 suppresses such proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-32beta upregulates the production of an anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and then IL-10 suppresses proinflammatory cytokines.
Kang
Jeong-Woo
JW
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
Choi
Seung-Chul
SC
Cho
Min-Chul
MC
Kim
Hee-Jong
HJ
Kim
Jae-Hwa
JH
Lim
Jong-Seok
JS
Kim
Soo-Hyun
SH
Han
Jae-Yong
JY
Yoon
Do-Young
DY
D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007369:Interferon Inducers / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism
C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007369:Interferon Inducers; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D011070:Poly I-C