title: 5-Azacytidine prevents cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity and potentiates anticancer activity of cisplatin by involving inhibition of metallothionein, pAKT and DNMT1 expression in chemical induced cancer rats.
abstract: 5-Azactydine inhibits cell growth by direct cytotoxic action as well as by inhibition of DNA methyl transferase enzyme. Inhibitors of DNMT have been reported to potentiate the therapeutic activity of cisplatin in vitro. Dose dependent bone marrow toxicity, neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the major side effects of cisplatin, limiting its use as an effective chemotherapeutic agent. The present study was aimed to reduce the nephrotoxic potential of cisplatin without compensating its potency. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report which shows that the combination of 5-azacytidine with cisplatin leads to remarkable reduction in nephrotoxicity, by involving inhibition of cisplatin induced metallothionein expression. 5-Azacytidine treatment with cisplatin leads to maximum reduction in tumor size in DMH induced colon cancer and tumor volume in DMBA induced breast cancer bearing SD rats. This combination regimen prevents phosphorylation and acetylation of histone H3 which may be involved in inhibition of aberrant gene expression in colon tumors. Further, 5-azacytidine potentiated cisplatin induced antitumor activity by involving decreased expression of pAKT, DNMT1 and an increased expression of p38 in colon tumors. Thus, combination of 5-azactydine with cisplatin attenuates the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity and potentiates the anti-cancer activity which can have profound clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160 062, India. tikoo.k@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kulbhushan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tikoo
authors.forename: Idrish Yunus
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Jeena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Chanchal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity*; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000276:immunology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006657:Histones; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D008668:Metallothionein; D003404:Creatinine; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; C000619382:Dnmt1 protein, rat; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D001374:Azacitidine; D002945:Cisplatin