title: Mitochondria and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in neurological disorders and stroke: Therapeutic implications.
abstract: Mitochondria represent both the main source and target of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In view of the large energy expenditure made by neurons during neurotransmission, an intact mitochondrial function is of paramount importance for the correct function of the brain. Accordingly, the search of therapeutic strategies against situations in which there is an abnormal brain function, such as neurological disorders and stroke, should be focused towards mitochondria. Here, we have reviewed the normal and abnormal mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics, highlighting the relevance that, for these processes in the brain RONS exert. Evidence suggests that disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics may have a critical role in the pathogenesis of these brain diseases. Drug therapies directed toward providing safer mitochondria are currently under both pre- and clinical investigations.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain. jbolanos@usal.es
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bolaños
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lizasoain
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species