title: A random phased array device for delivery of high intensity focused ultrasound.
abstract: Randomized phased arrays can offer electronic steering of a single focus and simultaneous multiple foci concomitant with low levels of secondary maxima and are potentially useful as sources of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). This work describes laboratory testing of a 1 MHz random phased array consisting of 254 elements on a spherical shell of radius of curvature 130 mm and diameter 170 mm. Acoustic output power and efficiency are measured for a range of input electrical powers, and field distributions for various single- and multiple-focus conditions are evaluated by a novel technique using an infrared camera to provide rapid imaging of temperature changes on the surface of an absorbing target. Experimental results show that the array can steer a single focus laterally to at least +/-15 mm off axis and axially to more than +/-15 mm from the centre of curvature of the array and patterns of four and five simultaneous foci +/-10 mm laterally and axially whilst maintaining low intensity levels in secondary maxima away from the targeted area in good agreement with linear theoretical predictions. Experiments in which pork meat was thermally ablated indicate that contiguous lesions several cm(3) in volume can be produced using the patterns of multiple foci.
authors.affiliation: Radiological Sciences Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0HS, UK. j.hand@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hand
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadhoo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajagopal
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Gavrilov
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques; D000818:Animals; D008460:Meat; D013010:Sonication; D013499:Surface Properties; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water