title: Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) as a catalyst to enhance the reductive decolourisation of the azo dyes Reactive Red 2 and Congo Red under anaerobic conditions.
abstract: In this study, we assessed the catalytic effect of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) to enhance the reductive decolourisation of the azo dyes Reactive Red 2 and Congo Red in batch and continuous-flow experiments. While testing the anaerobic sludge 1 in assays free of AQDS, the highest values for the first-order kinetic constant (k1) were found with co-substrates formate and glucose. In the assays that contained 50 microM of AQDS, the k1 values increased with all co-substrates tested, increasing by 3.5-fold when ethanol was the electron donor. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors R1 (AQDS-free) and R2 (AQDS-supplemented) reached excellent decolourisation efficiencies (higher than 90%) even for the high Congo Red concentration tested (1.2 mM). However, electron donor depletion in the influent drastically decreased the colour removal capacity in both bioreactors. Reactor R2 presented higher stability and decolourisation efficiency compared to R1, indicating that the addition of a redox mediator can be valuable for treating dye-coloured wastewaters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002384:Catalysis; D003116:Color; D003224:Congo Red / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D012722:Sewage; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C408124:anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate; C098610:reactive red 2; D003224:Congo Red