Evaluation of relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory mediators and ocular injuries induced by sulfur mustard: Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study.
Ocular damages induced by sulfur mustard (SM) are the important problems in exposed patients. The damaging mechanisms are not clearly understood. In the present study the relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory mediators and ocular injuries induced by SM was evaluated. Bulbar conjunctiva and limbal tissue abnormalities were significantly more frequent in the expose versus control group (P=0.004 and 0.048 respectively). The serum levels of IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha in the exposed group with and without Slit lamp findings were significantly lower than their counterpart in the control group. The serum levels of IL-1beta in the exposed group with Slit lamp findings were significantly lower than their counterpart in the control group. The serum levels of IL-1beta in the controls with Slit lamp findings were significantly higher than the controls without Slit lamp findings. The serum levels of IL-1Ra and MMP-9 in the exposed group with and without Slit lamp findings do not display any significant differences as compared to the similar controls. The serum levels of IL-6 in the exposed group with or without Slit lamp findings were significantly lower than their counterpart in the control group (P=0.048 and 0.008 respectively). The serum titers of the CRP and RF in the exposed group without Slit lamp findings were significantly elevated versus their counterpart in the control group (P=0.004 and 0.011 respectively). The serum levels of these inflammatory cytokines except for IL-1Ra and MMP-9, decreased in SM exposed subject independent of ocular problems. More local studies on the eyes are needed to clarify the exact role of this cytokines in ocular problems of chemical.
Ghasemi
Hassan
H
Department of Ophthalmology, Shahed University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Ghazanfari
Tooba
T
Yaraee
Roya
R
Ghassemi-Broumand
Mohammad
M
Soroush
Mohammad R
MR
Pourfarzam
Shahryar
S
Masdari
Zahra
Z
Faghihzadeh
Soghrat
S
Babaei
Mahmoud
M
Javadi
Mohammad A
MA
Kiuchi
Yoshiaki
Y
Naghizadeh
Mohammad M
MM
Owlia
Parviz
P
Hassan
Zuhair M
ZM
D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007492:Iran; D008032:Limbic System / Q000473:pathology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D009151:Mustard Gas