title: An expert-supported monitoring system for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice: results of a cluster randomised controlled trial.
abstract: To investigate the long-term effectiveness of a general practice monitoring system with respiratory expert recommendations for general practitioners' management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), compared with usual care.
  
  
  
  A multicentre randomised controlled trial of patients with COPD, clustered by general practices; 200 participants were recruited to maintain at least 75 participants per group for analysis. The trial took place from July 2005 to February 2008 in the south-western region of the Netherlands.
  
  
  
  Ongoing half-yearly monitoring of COPD patients with respiratory expert recommendations for the GP was compared with usual care.
  
  
  
  Primary outcome - Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) score; secondary outcomes - CRQ domain scores, generic health-related quality of life (Short-Form 12 and EuroQol-5D), breathlessness (Modified Medical Research Council score), exacerbations, and decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second. A detailed process evaluation was performed along with the trial.
  
  
  
  Data from 170 participants were analysed. Based on repeated measurement analyses, the additional gain in CRQ score during follow-up was 0.004 points for monitoring compared with usual care (95% CI, - 0.172 to 0.180). Also, no important differences between monitoring and the usual care group were found for secondary outcomes. Half the monitoring visits resulted in disease management recommendations by a respiratory expert, and 46% of these recommendations were implemented by the GPs. Patient adherence to lifestyle recommendations was low.
  
  
  
  An expert-supported monitoring system for patients with COPD was not clinically effective. As patients had a pre-existing entry in the monitoring system, the population may be well regulated, with reduced room for improvement.
  
  
  
  www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00542061.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary and Community Care, Centre for Family Medicine, Geriatric Care and Public Health, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. l.vandenbemt@elg.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Lisette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van den Bemt
authors.forename: Tjard R J
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Schermer
authors.forename: Ivo J M
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Smeele
authors.forename: Leandra J M
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Boonman-de Winter
authors.forename: Ton
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Boxem
authors.forename: Joke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: Joke G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Grootens-Stekelenburg
authors.forename: Richard P T M
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Grol
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Weel
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005194:Family Practice / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D009426:Netherlands; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology*