title: Analysis of ureteric stent kinking forces: the role of curvature in stent failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To further characterize the kinking forces and degree of curvature that result in failure of various stents, as malignant obstruction of the ureter causes failure of about half of ureteric stents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several stents (Silhouette 4.6 F and 6 F, Applied Medical, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA; Sof-Curl Tecoflex 6 F, Gyrus ACMI, Southborough, MA; Polaris Ultra 6 and 7 F, and Percuflex 6, 7 and 8 F stents, Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA) were tested. The amount of force necessary to result in kinking of the stent was measured, and the degree of curvature at failure was calculated for each stent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Silhouette 4.6 and 6 F stents were the most resistant to failure by kinking and curvature. In general, smaller stents allowed more curvature before failing than their larger counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The greater allowable curvature and resistance to kinking achieved by the Silhouette ureteric stents might result in fewer stent failures in cases of malignant obstruction or other retroperitoneal processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Christman
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: L'Esperance
authors.forename: Chong H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Stroup
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Auge
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D015607:Stents; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*