Hadamard transform time-of-flight mass spectrometry: more signal, more of the time.
Hadamard transform time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HT-TOF MS) is a type of mass analysis that was developed to couple continuous ion sources to the inherently pulsed nature of time-of-flight measurements. Unlike conventional TOF MS, the Hadamard transform method offers a duty cycle of 50%, with the possibility of extending it to 100%. Because it is a multiplexing technique, the attainable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is also significantly higher than that of conventional TOF MS. This review covers the basic principles behind HT-TOF MS. We illustrate, through examples, the source of the high-duty cycle and the increase in SNR. These features translate to a mass spectral storage rate that is the fastest among similar instruments, which enables its use as a detector for high-speed separations.
Zare
Richard N
RN
Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080, USA. zare@stanford.edu
Fernández
Facundo M
FM
Kimmel
Joel R
JR
D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000032:analysis; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000032:analysis; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
D009479:Neuropeptides; D009842:Oligopeptides; D036361:Peptide Hormones