title: Optimization and limitation of calcium ionophore to generate DCs from acute myeloid leukemic cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Calcium ionophore (CI) is used to generate dendritic cells (DCs) from progenitor cells, monocytes, or leukemic cells. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose of CI and the appropriate length of cell culture required for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and to evaluate the limitations associated with CI.
  
  
  METHODS
  To generate leukemic DCs, leukemic cells (4x10(6) cells) from six AML patients were cultured with various concentrations of CI and/or IL-4 for 1, 2 or 3 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Potent leukemic DCs were successfully generated from all AML patients, with an average number of 1.2x10(6) cells produced in the presence of CI (270 ng/ml) for 2 days. Several surface molecules were clearly upregulated in AML cells supplemented with CI and IL-4, but not CD11c. Leukemic DCs cultured with CI had a higher allogeneic T cell stimulatory capacity than untreated AML cells, but the addition of IL-4 did not augment the MLR activity of these cells. AML cells cultured with CI in the presence or absence of IL-4 showed increased levels of apoptosis in comparison to primary cultures of AML cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although CI appears to be advantageous in terms of time and cost effectiveness, the results of the present study suggest that the marked induction of apoptosis by CI limits its application to the generation of DCs from AML cells.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Jeollanado, Korea.
authors.forename: Thanh-Nhan
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Nguyen Pham
authors.forename: Bo-Hwa
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyun-Kyu
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Chun-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Nguyen Hoang Tuyet
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Minh
authors.forename: Sang-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Deok-Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yeo-Kyeoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyeoung-Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ik-Joo
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Je-Jung
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee