title: A case report and review of the literature: ciprofloxacin resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enteric fever is a major public health problem in India. The current treatment of choice is the fluoroquinolones.
  
  
  METHODS
  The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was determined by E-test, HIMEDIA HiComb MIC test and agar dilution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) from a case of enteric fever gave a ciprofloxacin MIC of 64 microg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge there have been no reports of such high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin in S. Typhi from southern India. HIMEDIA HiComb MIC test method is an alternative to the E-test. Ciprofloxacin resistant typhoid fever responds to treatment with ceftriaxone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry-605006, India. drbnharish@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Belgode Narasimha
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Harish
authors.forename: Godfred Antony
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Kengamuthu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarangapani
authors.forename: Subhash Chandra
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Parija
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin