title: A decade of minimally invasive mitral repair: long-term outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Short-term results with minimally invasive approaches for mitral valve repair in degenerative disease have been encouraging, with potential for diminishing blood loss and hospital length of stay. Little is known, however, about the long-term efficacy of this approach. This report analyzes a single institution's results over 12 years with minimally invasive mitral repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1986, 3,057 patients have undergone mitral valve repair; 1,601 patients had degenerative disease and are the subject of this report. Minimally invasive mitral repair was done in 1071 patients with a right anterior minithoracotomy and direct vision. Clinical and echocardiographic variables were entered prospectively into a database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hospital mortality was 2.2% for all patients (36 of 1601); 1.3% for isolated minimally invasive (9 of 712) and 1.3% (3 of 223) for isolated sternotomy mitral valve repair; and 3.6% (24 of 666) for valve repair plus a concomitant cardiac procedure. For isolated valve repair, 8-year freedom from reoperation was 91% +/- 2% for sternotomy and 95% +/- 1% for minimally invasive (p = 0.24), and 8-year freedom from reoperation or severe recurrent insufficiency was 90% +/- 2% for sternotomy and 93% +/- 1% for minimally invasive (p = 0.30). Eight-year freedom from all valve-related complications was 86% +/- 3% for sternotomy and 90% +/- 2% for minimally invasive (p = 0.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that long-term outcomes after minimally invasive mitral repair are excellent and equivalent to results achieved with sternotomy. In view of previously published advantages of short-term morbidity, minimally invasive approaches to mitral valve surgery deserve expanded use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Aubrey C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Greg H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ribakove
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Crooke
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gogoladze
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ursomanno
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirabella
authors.forename: Alfred T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Culliford
authors.forename: Eugene A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Grossi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult