title: Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) in Papua New Guinea: biosecurity models for New Ireland and the autonomous region of Bougainville.
abstract: Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) (CPB) is an important pest of cocoa. Following its emergence as a pest in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea, in 2006, it was considered relevant to assess its potential spread to other cocoa growing regions. Its likelihood of introduction to the islands of Bougainville and New Ireland from East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, was modeled using Monte Carlo simulation. This dispersal model was based around different scenarios, identifying trends rather than explicitly attempting to encapsulate true values. The model suggested that CPB is far more likely to establish on New Ireland than on Bougainville. More important, incertitude resulting from incomplete knowledge of the amount and frequency of cocoa transported between islands had a significant effect on model outputs. Quarantine and agriculture officials will be able to refine these parameter values, and then use the relevant scenarios from those presented here as a guide to develop quarantine procedures. In addition, a contingency model was employed to estimate the optimal sampling effort to use following an incursion of CPB into Bougainville or New Ireland and the seemingly successful implementation of an initial eradication program. The model suggests that at a 1% infestation level, sampling should continue for 2.5-2.7 years (90% CI) after claiming eradication, and this estimate changed little for higher infestation levels. Through modeling variations in sampling intensity, the model also suggested that determining the full spread of CPB is more important than increased sampling within one region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Resource Management and Geography, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. jdyen1@student.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: Jian D L
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Edward K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D002099:Cacao / Q000469:parasitology; D004651:Employment; D005843:Geography; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010219:Papua New Guinea