title: Dietary patterns associated with metabolic syndrome, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between dietary patterns (DP) and risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS); and to identify differences in DP by socio-economic, demographic and lifestyle factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intake (from an FFQ), anthropometric/biochemical parameters and sociodemographic/lifestyle information (from a self-reported questionnaire) were evaluated, using a cross-sectional design. Statistical methods included principal component factor analysis, analysis of covariance and linear regression. All analyses were covariate-adjusted.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Bogalusa Heart Study (1995-1996), USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young adults (19-39 years; n 995; 61 % females/39 % males; 80 % whites/20 % blacks) from a semi-rural southern US community were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 'Western Dietary Pattern' (WDP) consisted of refined grains, French fries, high-fat dairy foods, cheese dishes, red meats, processed meats, eggs, snacks, sweets/desserts, sweetened beverages and condiments. The 'Prudent Dietary Pattern' (PDP) consisted of whole grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, 100 % fruit juices, low-fat dairy products, poultry, clear soups and low-fat salad dressings. The DP explained 31 % of the dietary intake variance. Waist circumference (P = 0.02), triceps skinfold (P = 0.01), plasma insulin (P = 0.03), serum TAG (P = 0.05), and the occurrence of MetS (P = 0.03) were all inversely associated with PDP. Insulin sensitivity (P < 0.0005) was positively associated with PDP. Serum HDL cholesterol (P = 0.05) was inversely associated with WDP. Blacks consumed more servings from WDP than whites (P = 0.02). Females consumed more servings from PDP than males (P = 0.002). Those with >12 years of education consumed more servings from PDP than their counterparts (P < 0.0001). Current smokers consumed more servings from WDP than current non-smokers (P < 0.0001). Physically very active young adults consumed fewer servings from WDP than their sedentary counterparts (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More studies are warranted to confirm these findings in other populations.
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA.
authors.forename: Priya R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Deshmukh-Taskar
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: O'Neil
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Nicklas
authors.forename: Su-Jau
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gustat
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult