title: The clinical spectrum of Actinomyces-associated lesions of the oral mucosa and jawbones: correlations with histomorphometric analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the clinical manifestations of Actinomyces-associated lesions of the oral mucosa and jawbones, and to correlate the clinical course and treatment requirements with the findings of histomorphometric analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a 10-year retrospective analysis of archived cases with microscopic identification of Actinomyces infection. Actinomyces colonies were identified, using hematoxylin-eosin, Gram, and periodic acid-Schiff stains, exhibiting filamentous morphology with color variation between center and periphery. Only colonies with adjacent tissue reaction (inflammation, fibrosis) were analyzed. Actinomyces density (AD) was calculated by dividing total number of colonies by tissue surface, Actinomyces relative surface (ARS) was calculated by dividing total bacterial surface by tissue surface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 106 cases (48 male, 58 female; aged 13-84 years, mean 50.5 years). Cases presented a wide clinical spectrum, involving jawbone and/or oral soft tissues. Cases included osteomyelitis associated with bisphosphonates, osteoradionecrosis, osteomyelitis unrelated to radiation or bisphosphonates, periapical lesions, odontogenic cysts, periimplantitis, and lesion mimicking periodontal disease. The AD correlated with median length of antibiotic treatment (R = 0.284; P = .028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because we were able to identify 106 such cases, the results indicate that Actinomyces-associated lesions may not be as rare as would be expected from the relatively low number of cases in the literature. Actinomyces-associated lesions presented in a wide spectrum of clinical settings and a variety of contributing factors. Quantitative analysis of the number of bacterial colonies (representing bacterial load) could help in evaluating the aggressive potential of the lesion and help in treatment planning.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tiqva, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. ig_kaplan@012.net.il
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anavi
authors.forename: Yakir
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Anavi
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calderon
authors.forename: Dvora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwartz-Arad
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teicher
authors.forename: Avraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirshberg
mesh_terms: D000196:Actinomycosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005260:Female; D017789:Granuloma, Pyogenic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D011842:Radicular Cyst / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents