title: Pulsed dye laser-induced inflammatory response and extracellular matrix turnover in rat vocal folds and vocal fold fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disruption of the vocal fold extracellular matrix (ECM) can induce a profound and refractory dysphonia. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) irradiation has shown early promise as a treatment modality for disordered ECM in patients with chronic vocal fold scar; however, there are limited data addressing the mechanism by which this laser energy might induce cellular and extracellular changes in vocal fold tissues. In this study, we examined the inflammatory and ECM modulating effects of PDL irradiation on normal vocal fold tissues and cultured vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the effects of 585 nm PDL irradiation on inflammatory cytokine and collagen/collagenase gene transcription in normal rat vocal folds in vivo (3-168 hours following delivery of approximately 39.46 J/cm(2) fluence) and VFFs in vitro (3-72 hours following delivery of 4.82 or 9.64 J/cm(2) fluence). We also examined morphological vocal fold tissue changes 3 hours, 1 week, and 1 month post-irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PDL irradiation altered inflammatory cytokine and procollagen/collagenase expression at the transcript level, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, PDL irradiation induced an inflammatory repair process in vivo that was completed by 1 month with preservation of normal tissue morphology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDL irradiation can modulate ECM turnover in phenotypically normal vocal folds. Additional work is required to determine if these findings extend to disordered ECM, such as is seen in vocal fold scar. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:585-594, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Jingxian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Changying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Nathan V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Welham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D054025:Lasers, Dye; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2