title: Palmar abduction measurements: reliability and introduction of normative data in healthy children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously, we studied normative and reliability data of palmar thumb abduction measurements (conventional goniometry, the Pollexograph thumb, the Pollexograph metacarpal, the Inter Metacarpal Distance, the American Society of Hand Therapists method, and the American Medical Association method) in healthy adults. Because many interventions aiming to improve palmar abduction are performed at an early age, the goal of this study was to assess normative and reliability data of these measurement methods in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed measurements with the Pollexograph thumb, the Pollexograph metacarpal and Inter Metacarpal Distance in 100 healthy children to acquire normative data. A retest was performed in 63 children to assess intraobserver reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean active and passive palmar abduction measured with the Pollexograph thumb was 62 degrees (range, 40 degrees to 76 degrees). The range of motion of the Pollexograph metacarpal was smaller (mean 49 degrees, range, 32 degrees to 64 degrees). The mean Inter Metacarpal Distance was 50 mm (range, 36-70 mm). Intraclass correlation coefficients of the Pollexograph thumb, Pollexograph metacarpal, and Inter Metacarpal Distance indicated excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients between 0.85 and 0.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normative Pollexograph thumb and Pollexograph metacarpal data showed that means measured in children are comparable to values found in healthy adults. Reliability data indicated that the Pollexograph thumb, the Pollexograph metacarpal, and Inter Metacarpal Distance are also reliable measurement methods in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.dekraker@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Kraker
authors.forename: Ruud W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Selles
authors.forename: Ties M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Molenaar
authors.forename: Ton A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Schreuders
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hovius
authors.forename: Henk J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Stam
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D050279:Metacarpal Bones / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012016:Reference Values; D013933:Thumb / Q000502:physiology*