title: Endoscopic and percutaneous preoperative biliary drainage in patients with suspected hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy exists over the preferred technique of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) requiring major liver resection. The current study compared outcomes of endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in patients with resectable HCCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifteen consecutive patients were explored for HCCA between 2001 and July 2008 and assigned by initial PBD procedure to either EBD or PTBD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these patients, 101 (88%) underwent PBD; 90 patients underwent EBD as primary procedure, and 11 PTBD. The technical success rate of initial drainage was 81% in the EBD versus 100% in the PTBD group (P = 0.20). Stent dislocation was similar in the EBD and PTBD groups (23% vs. 20%, P = 0.70). Infectious complications were significantly more common in the endoscopic group (48% vs. 9%, P < 0.05). Patients in the EBD group underwent more drainage procedures (2.8 vs. 1.4, P < 0.01) and had a significantly longer drainage period until laparotomy (mean 15 weeks vs. 11 weeks in the PTBD group; P < 0.05). In 30 patients, EBD was converted to PTBD due to failure of the endoscopic approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative percutaneous drainage could outperform endoscopic stent placement in patients with resectable HCCA, showing fewer infectious complications, using less procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P. O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jaap J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kloek
authors.forename: Niels A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: van der Gaag
authors.forename: Yalda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Erik A J
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rauws
authors.forename: Otto M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: van Delden
authors.forename: Johan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lameris
authors.forename: Olivier R C
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gouma
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: van Gulik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015607:Stents