title: Open-label, clinical phase I studies of tasquinimod in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tasquinimod is a quinoline-3-carboxamide derivative with anti-angiogenic activity. Two open-label phase I clinical trials in patients were conducted to evaluate the safety and tolerability of tasquinimod, with additional pharmacokinetic and efficacy assessments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer with no previous chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. The patients received tasquinimod up to 1 year either at fixed doses of 0.5 or 1.0 mg per day or at an initial dose of 0.25 mg per day that escalated to 1.0 mg per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 32 patients were enrolled; 21 patients were maintained for >or=4 months. The maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 0.5 mg per day; but when using stepwise intra-patient dose escalation, a dose of 1.0 mg per day was well tolerated. The dose-limiting toxicity was sinus tachycardia and asymptomatic elevation in amylase. Common treatment-emergent adverse events included transient laboratory abnormalities, anaemia, nausea, fatigue, myalgia and pain. A serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline of >or=50% was noted in two patients. The median time to PSA progression (>25%) was 19 weeks. Only 3 out of 15 patients (median time on study: 34 weeks) developed new bone lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term continuous oral administration of tasquinimod seems to be safe, and the overall efficacy results indicate that tasquinimod might delay disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, SE-25187 Helsingborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bratt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Häggman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahlgren
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nordle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Björk
authors.forename: J-E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Damber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015363:Quinolones
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D011804:Quinolines; D015363:Quinolones; C516109:tasquinimod