title: [Organic anion transporter system mediates the transport of aristolochic acid in tubular epithelial cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether aristolochic acid can be transported into human kidney proximal tubular cell (HKC) and its potential mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intracellular aristolochic acid was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) induced by aristolochic acid in the presence of organic anion transporter inhibitor (probenecid) or organic cation transporter inhibitor (tetraethylammonium) was evaluated. The effects of probenecid on aristolochic acid induced connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA and protein expression were also examined by real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aristolochic acid was detected in the suspension of the denatured HKC after incubation with aristolochic acid sodium salt. The release of LDH from HKC, which was induced by 60 mg/L aristolochic acid sodium salt, was significantly inhibited by 1 mmol/L probenecid (P < 0.01), but not by 1 mmol/L tetraethylammonium. The increased CTGF mRNA and protein expression in HKC stimulated by 40 mg/L aristolochic acid sodium salt was significantly down-regulated by 1 mmol/L probenecid (P < 0.05), with an inhibition rate of 16% and 21%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aristolochic acid can be transported into HKC by organic anion transport system, and then exerts its biological effects.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi-Pu
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Rui
mesh_terms: D034341:Aristolochic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology*; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D034341:Aristolochic Acids; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; C000228:aristolochic acid I