title: Enhancement of enzymatic accessibility by fibrillation of woody biomass using batch-type kneader with twin-screw elements.
abstract: Fibrillation of wood cell walls into submicron and/or nanoscale fibers was successfully carried out in the presence of water by using a batch-type kneader with combination-available twin-screw elements. The results obtained are expected to be used for the application of a twin-screw extruder. Two types of screw combinations were used for applying different shearing and distribution forces. Most of the fibers of the fibrillated products had diameters less than 1 microm, and some of them had diameters less than 100 nm. The maximum glucose yield by enzymatic saccharification was found to be 54.2% in the fibrillated products kneaded for 20 min after ball milling for 20 min using a screw combination for applying high shearing force. The fibrillation increased the surface area of cellulose. The glucose yield was improved by cooking the fibrillated products with water at 135 degrees C under 0.25 MPa, revealing that only mechanical kneading appears to have some limitation to expose cellulose for complete enzymatic saccharification.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Biomass Technology Research Center, 2-2-2, Hirosuehiro, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan. seunghwan-lee@aist.go.jp
authors.forename: Seung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yoshikuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D004867:Equipment Design; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D014934:Wood