title: Differences in cytotoxicity versus pro-inflammatory potency of different PM fractions in human epithelial lung cells.
abstract: Air pollution in Milan causes health concern due to the high concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5). The aim of this study was to investigate possible seasonal differences in PM10 and PM2.5 chemical composition and their biological effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine release and cytotoxicity. The PM was sampled during winter and summer seasons. The winter PMs had higher levels of PAHs than the summer samples which contained a greater amount of mineral dust elements. The PM toxicity was tested in the human pulmonary epithelial cell lines BEAS-2B and A549. The winter PMs were more cytotoxic than summer samples, whereas the summer PM10 exhibited a higher pro-inflammatory potential, as measured by ELISA. This inflammatory potential seemed partly due to biological components such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as evaluated by the use of Polymixin B. Interestingly, in the BEAS-2B cells the winter PM2.5 reduced proliferation due to a mitotic delay/arrest, while no such effects were observed in the A549 cells. These results underline that the in vitro responsiveness to PM may be cell line dependent and suggest that the PM different properties may trigger different endpoints such as inflammation, perturbation of cell cycle and cell death.
authors.affiliation: Polaris Research Centre, Dipartimento Scienze Ambiente e Territorio, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, Milano, Italy. maurizio.gualtieri@unimib.it
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gualtieri
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Øvrevik
authors.forename: Jørn A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Holme
authors.forename: M Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bolzacchini
authors.forename: Per E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Schwarze
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camatini
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004602:Elements; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007558:Italy; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D004602:Elements; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D016209:Interleukin-8; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D002244:Carbon