title: Factors influencing depression in adolescents with congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to identify variables associated with depression in adolescents who underwent operation for congenital heart disease (CHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 231 adolescents, aged 13 to 18 years with CHD, during outpatient clinic follow-up after open heart surgery in 3 major cardiac centers in Korea. Adolescents completed measures of resilience, depression, and parental attitude. Their New York Heart Association functional class, CHD functional index, and noninvasive saturation of arterial oxygen were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significantly positive relations between depression and the 3 variables: older age, worse New York Heart Association functional class, and higher CHD functional index. Negative relations were found between depression and higher saturation of arterial oxygen, higher academic achievements, affectionate parental attitude, and higher resilience. The multiple regression analysis also showed that 62% of the variance in depression in adolescents with CHD could be explained by resilience and parental attitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that adolescents with higher resilience and an affectionate parent were less depressed.
authors.affiliation: Grown-Up Congenital Heart Clinic, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Ryoung
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: I-Seok
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Seung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Tae-Gook
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Heung Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006306:Health Surveys; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires