title: Excess mortality, length of stay and cost attributable to candidaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There were 1967 reports of Candida species isolated from blood specimens in 2007 in the UK (excluding Scotland). Such infections are particularly common in the intensive care unit (ICU). The impact of candidaemia on mortality, length of stay (LOS) and cost in a UK hospital was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of candidaemia episodes and appropriate matched controls was undertaken based on data from the ICU, high dependency units and hospital wards at Wythenshawe Hospital in Manchester. The study covered the period November 2003-February 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 48 case-patients of candidaemia and 81 control-patients were identified. The attributable mortality due to candidaemia varied from 21.5% to 34.7%. Candidaemia patients spend on average 5.6 days more in the ICU than matched patients and generate mean additional costs of at least 8252 UK pounds per patient, 16,595 pounds in adults only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Candidaemia remains a severe disease associated with high attributable mortality in the UK. In addition, candidaemia leads to additional ICU length of stay and costs. The implication is an attributable cost of at least 16.2 million UK pounds with 683 deaths attributable to candidaemia per year in the UK.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sidhu
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Denning
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D016469:Fungemia / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult