title: A simple urine-collecting apparatus and method for cows and heifers.
abstract: An apparatus and method that can allow continuous and precise total collection of urine under normal conditions was developed that could satisfy the urine-sampling requirement of balance studies, metabolic experiments, and hormone trials of cows and heifers. The apparatus is composed of an anterior urethra, a urine cup, and a collection barrel. Total and precise collection of urine can be achieved without leakage, fecal contamination, or urethra infection. The apparatus has few negative effects on the cows and does not influence the cows' normal physiological activities.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100193.
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: X M
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014521:Urethra