title: Brassica orthologs from BANYULS belong to a small multigene family, which is involved in procyanidin accumulation in the seed.
abstract: As part of a research programme focused on flavonoid biosynthesis in the seed coat of Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape), orthologs of the BANYULS gene that encoded anthocyanidin reductase were cloned in B. napus as well as in the related species Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. B. napus genome contained four functional copies of BAN, two originating from each diploid progenitor. Amino acid sequences were highly conserved between the Brassicaceae including B. napus, B. rapa, B. oleracea as well as the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Along the 200 bp in 5' of the ATG codon, Bna.BAN promoters (ProBna.BAN) were conserved with AtANR promoter and contained putative cis-acting elements. In addition, transgenic Arabidopsis and oilseed rape plants carrying the first 230 bp of ProBna.BAN fused to the UidA reporter gene were generated. In the two Brassicaceae backgrounds, ProBna.BAN activity was restricted to the seed coat. In B. napus seed, ProBna.BAN was activated in procyanidin-accumulating cells, namely the innermost layer of the inner integument and the micropyle-chalaza area. At the transcriptional level, the four Bna.BAN genes were expressed in the seed. Laser microdissection assays of the seed integuments showed that Bna.BAN expression was restricted to the inner integument, which was consistent with the activation profile of ProBna.BAN. Finally, Bna.BAN genes were mapped onto oilseed rape genetic maps and potential co-localisations with seed colour quantitative trait loci are discussed.
authors.affiliation: UMR118 Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université Rennes1, Le Rheu Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Bathilde
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Auger
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Marie-Odile
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vautrin
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bergès
authors.forename: Boulos
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chalhoub
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fautrel
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Renard
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nesi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D001937:Brassica / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018745:Genome, Plant; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D044946:Biflavonoids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C017674:procyanidin; D002392:Catechin; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D005966:Glucuronidase