title: Prostate cancer early detection program recruitment methods and show rates in men at high risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Men with a family history of prostate cancer and black men are at higher risk for prostate cancer. Recruitment and retention of these men at high risk into early detection programs is challenging. We report a comprehensive analysis of recruitment methods, show rates and participant factors from the Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program, a prospective, longitudinal prostate cancer screening study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men 35 to 69 years old were eligible for recruitment if they had a family history of prostate cancer, were black or had a BRCA1/2 mutation. Recruitment methods were analyzed using standard statistical methods with respect to participant demographics and presentation to the first program appointment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 707 men recruited 64.9% presented to the initial program appointment. More men were recruited via radio than via referral or other methods (chi-square = 298.13, p <0.0001). Men recruited by radio were more likely to be black (p <0.001), less educated (p = 0.003) and not married or partnered (p = 0.007), and have no prostate cancer family history (p <0.001). Men recruited by referral had a higher income (p = 0.007) and were more likely to attend the initial program visit than those recruited by radio or other methods (chi-square = 27.08, p <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This comprehensive analysis shows that radio led to higher recruitment of black men with lower socioeconomic status. However, these men at high risk have a lower presentation rate for prostate cancer screening. Targeted motivational measures must be studied to improve the show rate for prostate cancer risk assessment in these men at high risk.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Screening Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Veda.Giri@fccc.edu
authors.forename: Veda N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.forename: Elliot J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Coups
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruth
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goplerud
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raysor
authors.forename: Taylor Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Loretta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bagden
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mastalski
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zakrzewski
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leimkuhler
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watkins-Bruner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012307:Risk Factors