title: Genetic association study of selected candidate genes (ApoB, LPL, Leptin) and telomere length in obese and hypertensive individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A genetic study was carried out among obese and hypertensive individuals from India to assess allelic association, if any, at three candidate loci: Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) minisatellite and two tetranucleotide repeat loci; LPL (Lipoprotein lipase) and Leptin. Attempt has also been made to find out whether telomere length attrition is associated with hypertension and obese individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Venous blood samples were collected from 37 normal, 35 obese and 47 hypertensive individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and PCR amplifications were achieved using locus specific primers. Genotyping of ApoB minisatellite was performed using 4% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by silver staining, whereas LPL and Leptin loci were genotyped using ALF Express DNA sequencer. Telomere length was determined using a recently developed real time based quantitative PCR, where the relative telomere length was determined by calculating the relative ratio of telomere (T) and single copy gene (S) PCR products which is expressed as T/S ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the three loci are highly polymorphic, display high heterozygosity and conform to Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium expectations. ApoB minisatellite displayed 14 alleles, whereas LPL and Leptin tetranucleotide loci were having 9 and 17 alleles, respectively. Interestingly two new alleles (9 and 11 repeats) were detected at ApoB locus for the first time. The alleles at Leptin locus were classified as Class I (lower alleles: 149-200 bp) and Class II alleles (higher alleles: >217 bp). Higher alleles at ApoB (>39 repeats), predominant allele 9 at LPL and alleles 164 bp and 224 bp at Leptin loci have shown allelic association with hypertensive individuals. After adjusting the influence of age and gender, the analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) revealed the relative telomere length (T/S ratio) in hypertensive individuals to be (1.01 +/- 0.021), which was significantly different (P < 0.001) from obese (1.20 +/- 0.023) and normal (1.22 +/- 0.014) individuals. However, no significant difference in the relative telomere length was observed among male and female individuals, although age related decrease in telomere length was observed in these limited sample size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study revealed that allelic association at ApoB, LPL, Leptin loci and loss of telomere length may have strong genetic association with hypertensive individuals. However, further study on larger sample size is needed to draw firm conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India. birajalaxmi@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Birajalaxmi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Nilambari
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.forename: Divyalakshmi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seshadri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics*; D007194:India; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016615:Telomere / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020738:Leptin; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL