Phase-only modulation with twisted nematic liquid-crystal spatial light modulators.
It is shown that twisted nematic liquid-crystal spatial light modulators behave as phase-only modulators when operated below the conventional optical threshold. Thus such devices, when operated in a reflection mode, behave as spatial amplitude modulators when used between crossed polarizers above the optical threshold; they behave as phase modulators when used between parallel polarizers and operated below that threshold.
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Wu
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