title: [Sodium intake and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review].
abstract: Recent studies have shown that sodium intake restrictions may increase insulin resistance (IR) and induce changes on serum lipoproteins and on inflammation markers that are similar to those found in metabolic syndrome (MS). We performed a systematic review of literature regarding the effects of restricting sodium intake on MS or on IR. Nine articles were included in the review. Restriction of sodium consumption was associated with increase insulin resistance in two articles and with decrease in three others. In seven of nine articles, salt intake restriction determined blood pressure reduction, and in two articles adverse effects on markers of MS were found. Most studies showed beneficial effects of moderate sodium intake restriction, associated or not to others nutritional modifications or increased physical activity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of moderate sodium consumption reductions on MS and IR.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Doutor Arnaldo, 715, 2o andar 01246-904 -- São Paulo, SP, Brasil. fsarno@usp.br
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sarno
authors.forename: Patricia Constante
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Jaime
authors.forename: Sandra Roberta G
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Carlos Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Monteiro
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary