title: Cognitive word use during marital conflict and increases in proinflammatory cytokines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether greater cognitive engagement during a marital conflict discussion, as evidenced by use of words that suggest thinking and meaning-making, results in attenuated proinflammatory cytokine increases to stress and wounding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Husbands and wives (N = 84 individuals) were observed during two separate 24-hr visits: each visit included a wounding procedure, which was followed by a nonconflictive marital discussion (first visit) and a conflictive marital discussion (second visit).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals who used more cognitive processing words during the conflict discussion (but not the nonconflictive discussion) showed smaller increases in serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha over 24 hours; they also had lower levels of both cytokines 24 hours after baseline controlling for demographics, hostility, depressed mood, positive and negative interactions, and marital quality. Effects of word use were not mediated by ruminative thoughts after conflict. Although both men and women benefited from their own cognitive engagement, only husbands' IL-6 patterns were affected by spouses' engagement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In accord with research demonstrating the value of cognitive processing in emotional disclosure, this research suggests that productive communication patterns may help mitigate the adverse effects of relationship conflict on inflammatory dysregulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health, 315 East Health and Human Development Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. jeg32@psu.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Loving
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Malarkey
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stowell
authors.forename: Janice K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kiecolt-Glaser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003142:Communication; D003863:Depression / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012660:Semantics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D014956:Writing
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha