title: Percutaneous balloon dilatation of stenotic calyceal diverticular infundibula in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal calyceal diverticula are usually detected as incidental findings on intravenous pyelograms (IVPs) and rarely manifest any clinical signs or symptoms. However, they can interfere with patient's quality of life in a number of instances causing pain, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), abscess, systemic sepsis and calculus formation. The purpose of this study was to review the clinical indications, procedure technique and clinical outcome in all patients referred to Interventional Radiology for the percutaneous management of renal calyceal diverticula.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of all patients treated with percutaneous balloon dilatation of calyceal diverticular infundibula in the Interventional Radiology Department over a 10-year period was performed. Data collected included clinical details, laboratory indices, IVP and CT findings, procedure details and clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of three patients were treated over the course of the study period. All patients were young females who presented as a result of recurrent urinary tract infections. The calyceal diverticula were diagnosed incidentally on routine IVPs, with CT eloquently confirming the plain film findings in two cases. Technical procedure success was achieved in all cases, avoiding surgical intervention. Clinical follow-up revealed no further UTIs following dilatation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoroscopic guided percutaneous balloon dilatation of renal calyceal diverticular infundibula following direct diverticular puncture is a safe and well tolerated method to reduce UTI and potentially avoid future stone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Academic Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: Aoife N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Keeling
authors.forename: Tim T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007670:Kidney Calices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult