title: Comparison of the very long term (>1 year) outcomes of drug-eluting stents for the treatment of bare-metal and drug-eluting stent restenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Drug-eluting stents (DES) have become the first choice to treat BMS restenosis (ISR), replacing brachytherapy and all other available percutaneous approaches. Although markedly reduced, DES ISR still occurs and has been frequently treated with another DES, despite the lack of robust data supporting the safety and efficacy of this approach. We sought to compare the long term clinical outcomes of patients with BMS and DES ISR treated with another DES deployment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between May 2002 and January 2008 a total of 158 patients with BMS restenosis and 58 patients with DES restenosis were treated with a DES and enrolled in this registry. Primary endpoint included the cumulative occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE=cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target-vessel revascularisation) and stent thrombosis. Baseline clinical aspects did not significantly differ between the groups. There was a trend toward a higher incidence of DM in the DES cohort (36.1% vs. 32.9%, p=0.1). Mean time between first procedure and restenosis was significant longer in the DES population (178+/-61 days vs. 140+/-38 days, p=0.02). At the end of the follow-up period, 92.6% of the patients with BMS-ISR and 86.3% of those with DES-ISR were free of MACE (p<0.001). Patients with DES ISR had significant more recurrence of ISR but equivalent rates of cardiac death, MI and stent thrombosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous treatment of BMS or DES ISR with the implant of a DES represents a simple and safe approach with sustained long term results. However, the relatively high rate of ISR recurrence among patients with prior DES ISR demand the developing of more effective strategies for that subset of individuals.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital do Coração, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. rmvcosta@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ribamar Costa
authors.forename: Amanda G M R
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alves da Costa
authors.forename: Manuel N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: Galo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.forename: Cantídio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campos Neto
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jardim
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pavanello
authors.forename: Jose Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sousa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate; D017741:Survivors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D008670:Metals