title: [Discussion on security of fiber nasopharyngeal laryngoscope for children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the factors of complications and the incidence rates after the examination of fiber nasopharyngeal laryngoscope.
  
  
  METHODS
  To observe the complications appeared within 24 hours during and after fiber nasopharyngeal laryngoscope examination for 5000 children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 5000 cases, 305 cases (6.10%) occurred transient complications during and after the operation. The incidence of complications in different age groups (0-1, >1-3, >3-7, >7-16) were 9.83%, 6.14%, 3.15%, 1.69% respectively. It was significantly lower in older age groups compared with younger ones. The commonest complication was mucous membrane bleeding during the operation, which often occurred in infants and reduced by increasing age. Cough and cough deterioration often occurred after the operation and shortness of breath appeared in infants only. The differences were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric fiber nasopharyngeal laryngoscope examination is safe and reliable and most of the complications were minor. Infants and children with laryngeal cartilage softening is high-risk factors for complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaifeng Children's Hospital, Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475000, China. chujin123@163.com
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors