title: Chlorophenols and chlorocatechols induce apoptosis in human lymphocytes (in vitro).
abstract: In this work the effect of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 4,6-dichloroguaiacol (4,6-DCG), tetrachloroguaiacol (TeCG), 4,5-dichlorocatechol (4,5-DCC) and tetrachlorocatechol (TeCC) on the induction of apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes was examined. The analysis of the changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) was performed using JC-9 fluorescent probe. It was noted that all the compounds studied (excluding 4,6-DCG) in a dose-dependent manner (0.2-25 ppm) increased the number of cells, which were characterized by the DeltaPsi(m) reduction, with the strongest effect observed for TeCG and TeCC. Moreover, fluorimetric assay of the caspase-3 activity revealed that 2,4,5-TCP, chlorocatechols and TeCG in the range of the concentrations of 1-50 ppm increased the caspase-3 expression, whereas PCP in its highest concentration of 50 ppm decreased the activity of this enzyme. It was also noted that the caspase-3 activity was the most strongly induced by tetrachlorocatechols, particularly by TeCC. The analysis of YO-PRO-1 iodide/propidum iodide staining revealed that TeCC, the most strongly increased the number of apoptotic cells at 5 and 25 ppm, whereas at a dose of 100 ppm the strongest effect on apoptosis induction was observed for 2,4,5-TCP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, University of Łódź, Banacha Str. 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland. michalow@biol.uni.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Jaromir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michałowicz
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sicińska
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D002396:Catechols / Q000633:toxicity*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects; D011419:Propidium
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D002396:Catechols; D002733:Chlorophenols; D004396:Coloring Agents; D011419:Propidium; D053148:Caspase 3