title: PU.1 induces apoptosis in myeloma cells through direct transactivation of TRAIL.
abstract: We earlier reported that PU.1 was downregulated in myeloma cell lines and myeloma cells in a subset of myeloma patients, and that conditional PU.1 expression in PU.1-negative myeloma cell lines, U266 and KMS12PE, induced growth arrest and apoptosis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the growth arrest and apoptosis, we performed DNA microarray analyses to compare the difference in gene expression before and after PU.1 induction in U266 cells. Among cell cycle-related genes, cyclin A2, cyclin B1, CDK2 and CDK4 were downregulated and p21 was upregulated, although among apoptosis-related genes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) was found highly upregulated. When TRAIL was knocked down by small interference RNAs, apoptosis of PU-1-expressing cells was inhibited, suggesting that TRAIL has a critical role in PU.1-induced apoptosis in both U266 and KMS12PE myeloma cells. In both U266 and KMS12PE cells expressing PU.1, PU.1 directly bound to a region 30 bp downstream of the transcription start site of the TRAIL gene. Upregulation of PU.1-induced transactivation of the TRAIL promoter in reporter assays, and disruption of the PU.1-binding site in the TRAIL promoter eliminated this transactivation. Therefore, we conclude that PU.1 is capable of inducing apoptosis in certain myeloma cells by direct transactivation of TRAIL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University of Medicine, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tatetsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niiro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Tenen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitsuya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuno
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D050839:Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007372:Interferons / Q000494:pharmacology; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000235:genetics*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics; D000099232:Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1; D000099218:Interferon Regulatory Factor-4
chemical_list: D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D050839:Interferon Regulatory Factor-7; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors; D007372:Interferons; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000099232:Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1; D000099218:Interferon Regulatory Factor-4; C494234:IRF7 protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human