title: Improved squalene production via modulation of the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway and heterologous expression of genes from Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 in Escherichia coli.
abstract: Putative hopanoid genes from Streptomyces peucetius were introduced into Escherichia coli to improve the production of squalene, an industrially important compound. High expression of hopA and hopB (encoding squalene/phytoene synthases) together with hopD (encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase) yielded 4.1 mg/liter of squalene. This level was elevated to 11.8 mg/liter when there was also increased expression of dxs and idi, E. coli genes encoding 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, #100 Kalsan-ri, Tangjeong-myeon, Asansi, Chungnam 336-708, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gopal Prasad
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Ghimire
authors.forename: Hei Chan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Sohng
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001709:Biotechnology; D019748:Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Isomerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013186:Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D051232:Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate Geranylgeranyltransferase; D051228:Geranyltranstransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D013185:Squalene / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000235:genetics*; D014166:Transferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D013185:Squalene; D014166:Transferases; C109461:deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D051228:Geranyltranstransferase; D013186:Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase; D051232:Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate Geranylgeranyltransferase; D019748:Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Isomerases; C021453:isopentenyldiphosphate delta-isomerase