title: Development of a 20-item food frequency questionnaire to assess a 'prudent' dietary pattern among young women in Southampton.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that can be used among young women in Southampton to assess compliance with a prudent dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of wholemeal bread, fruit and vegetables, and low consumption of sugar, white bread, and red and processed meat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diet was assessed using a 100-item interviewer-administered FFQ in 6129 non-pregnant women aged 20-34 years. In total, 94 of these women were re-interviewed 2 years later using the same FFQ. Subsequently, diet was assessed in 378 women attending SureStart Children's Centres in the Nutrition and Well-being Study (NWS) using a 20-item FFQ. The 20 foods included were those that characterized the prudent dietary pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 20-item prudent diet score was highly correlated with the full 100-item score (r=0.94) in the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS). Both scores were correlated with red blood cell folate (r=0.28 for the 100-item score and r=0.25 for the 20-item score). Among the women re-interviewed after 2 years, the change in prudent diet score was correlated with change in red cell folate for both the 20-item (r(S)=0.31) and 100-item scores (r(S)=0.32). In the NWS a strong association between the 20-item prudent diet score and educational attainment (r=0.41) was observed, similar to that seen in the SWS (r=0.47).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prudent diet pattern describes a robust axis of variation in diet. A 20-item FFQ based on the foods that characterize the prudent diet pattern has clear advantages in terms of time and resources, and is a helpful tool to characterize the diets of young women in Southampton.
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK. src@mrc.soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Crozier
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Inskip
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004522:Educational Status; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid