title: Lonicera caerulea and Vaccinium myrtillus fruit polyphenols protect HaCaT keratinocytes against UVB-induced phototoxic stress and DNA damage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sunlight is a very potent environmental factor in skin pathogenesis and can induce skin cancer. UVB irradiation is known to cause oxidative stress, inflammation and especially DNA damage. Topical application of agents with UV absorbing, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities is a successful strategy in the protection of the skin against UV-caused damage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the ability of the phenolic fraction of Lonicera caerulea and Vaccinum myrtillus fruits to moderate UVB-induced damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  HaCaT keratinocytes, a well-established in vitro system for investigations on UV radiation induced cell damage, were used to assess the effects of pre- and post-treatment with L. caerulea (LCE) and V. myrtillus (VME) phenolic fractions (5-50 mg/l) on keratinocyte damage induced by a solar simulator (295-315 nm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, a model of UVB-induced damage to HaCaT was established. LCE and VME efficiently reduced the extent of DNA breakage (especially at concentrations of 25 and 10 mg/l) together with caspase-3 and -9 activity and DNA laddering induced by UVB (100 or 200 mJ/cm(2)). LCE and VME significantly decreased RONS generation and partially diminished IL-6 expression. LCE pre-treatment also prevented keratinocytes proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the phenolic fraction of L. caerulea and V. myrtillus fruits suppress UVB-caused injury to keratinocytes. These results now need to be demonstrated in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hnevotínská 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic. alf.svoboda@seznam.cz
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svobodová
authors.forename: Adéla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zdarilová
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vostálová
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020169:Caspases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053904:DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017484:Dermatitis, Phototoxic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D031239:Lonicera / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D029800:Vaccinium myrtillus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D020169:Caspases