title: The relationship between the insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, weight loss, an inflammation-based score and survival in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The involvement of a systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), is associated with weight loss and poor outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. There is good evidence that nutritional and functional decline in patients with advanced malignant disease is associated with catabolic changes in metabolism. However, defects in anabolism may also contribute towards nutritional decline in patients with cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, performance status, mGPS and survival in patients with inoperable NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  56 patients with inoperable NSCLC were studied. The plasma concentrations of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and leptin were measured using ELISA and RIA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were predominantly male (61%), over 60 years old (80%), with advanced (stage III or IV) disease (98%), with a BMI> or =20 (84%), an ECOG-ps of 0 or 1 (79%), a haemoglobin (59%) and white cell count (79%) in the reference range. On follow-up 43 patients died of their cancer. On univariate analysis, BMI (p<0.05), Stage (p<0.05), ECOG-ps (p<0.05), haemoglobin (p<0.05), white cell count (p<0.05) and mGPS (p<0.05) were associated with cancer specific survival. There was no association between age, sex, treatment, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, IGF-1:IGFBP-3 ratio, or leptin and cancer specific survival. With an increasing mGPS concentrations of haemoglobin (p<0.005) and IGFBP-3 (p<0.05) decreased. mGPS was not associated with either IGF-1(p>0.20), or leptin (p>0.20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, the results of this study suggest that anabolism (IGF-1 axis) does not play a significant role in the relationship between nutritional and functional decline, systemic inflammation and poor survival in patients with inoperable NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine-University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Alexandra parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
authors.forename: Claire L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Meek
authors.forename: A Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: McMillan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; C515497:IGFBP3 protein, human; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I