title: Liposome-encapsulated HIV-1 Gag p24 containing lipid A induces effector CD4+ T-cells, memory CD8+ T-cells, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
abstract: Liposomal lipid A is an effective adjuvant for the delivery of antigens and for the induction of both cellular and humoral immunity. In this study, we demonstrate that following the third immunization with HIV-1 Gag p24 encapsulated in liposomes containing lipid A [L(p24+LA)], central memory CD8+ T-cells were localized in the spleen and lymph nodes of mice while effector memory CD8+ T-cells and effector CD4+ T-cells were found in the PBMC. Effector CD4+ T-cells were also detected in the spleen and lymph nodes. The predominant cytokine secreted from splenic lymphocytes and lymph nodes was IFN-gamma. In contrast, IL-6 and IL-10 were the major cytokines produced from PBMC. The peptide stimulation indicated that the cytokine responses observed were T-cell specific. The results demonstrate the importance of the adjuvant liposomal lipid A for the induction of HIV-1 Gag p24 -specific CD8+ T-cells, effector CD4+ T-cells, and cytokines with a Th-1 type profile after immunization with L(p24+LA).
authors.affiliation: Division of Retrovirology, USMHRP, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Steers
authors.forename: Kristina K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Peachman
authors.forename: Sasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McClain
authors.forename: Carl R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Alving
authors.forename: Mangala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008050:Lipid A / Q000276:immunology*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000276:immunology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008050:Lipid A; D008081:Liposomes; C514799:p24 protein, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma