title: PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 contributes to maintain the activation of the PI3K/Akt pro-survival pathway in Huntington's disease striatum.
abstract: Dysregulation of gene expression is one of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of Huntington's disease (HD). Here, we examined whether mutant huntingtin regulates the levels of PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1), a phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates Akt at Ser473. Our results show decreased PHLPP1 protein levels in knock-in models (Hdh(Q111/Q111) mouse striatum and STHdh(Q111/Q111) cells), in the striatum of N-terminal exon-1 mutant huntingtin transgenic mouse models (R6/1; R6/1 : BDNF + or - , R6/2 and Tet/HD94) and in the putamen of HD patients. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed a reduction in PHLPP1 mRNA levels in the striatum of R6/1 compared with wild-type mice. Coincident with reduced PHLPP1 protein levels, we observed increased phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) levels specifically in the striatum. The analysis of the conditional mouse model Tet/HD94 disclosed that after mutant huntingtin shutdown PHLPP1 levels returned to wild-type levels whereas phospho-Akt levels were partially reduced. In conclusion, our results show that mutant huntingtin downregulates PHLPP1 expression. In the striatum, these reduced levels of PHLPP1 can contribute to maintain high levels of activated Akt that may delay cell death and allow the recovery of neuronal viability after mutant huntingtin silencing.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Casanova 143, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saavedra
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Martínez
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xifró
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giralt
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Torres-Peraza
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Canals
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díaz-Hernández
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alberch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pérez-Navarro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D055879:Gene Knock-In Techniques; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C400601:PHLPP1 protein, human; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases