title: Genetic and environmental risk factors for childhood eczema development and allergic sensitization in the CCAAPS cohort.
abstract: Eczema is very common and increasing in prevalence. Prospective studies investigating environmental and genetic risk factors for eczema in a birth cohort are lacking. We evaluated risk factors that may promote development of childhood eczema in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS) birth cohort (n=762) of infants with at least one atopic parent. Objective environmental exposure data were available for each participant. At annual physical examinations, children underwent skin prick tests (SPTs), eczema was diagnosed by a clinician, and DNA was collected. Among Caucasian children, 39% developed eczema by age 3. Children with a pet dog were significantly less likely to have eczema at age one (odds ratio (OR)=0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40-0.97) or at both ages 2 and 3 (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.30-0.97). This finding was most significant among children carrying the CD14-159C/T CC genotype. Carriers of the CD14-159C/T and IL4Ralpha I75V single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had an increased risk of eczema at both ages 2 and 3 (OR=3.44, 95% CI: 1.56-7.57), especially among children who were SPT+. These results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of eczema in high-risk children and support a protective role for early exposure to dog, especially among those carrying the CD14-159C/T SNP. The results also demonstrate a susceptibility effect of the combination of CD14 and IL4Ralpha SNPs with eczema.
authors.affiliation: Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
authors.forename: Jocelyn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Biagini Myers
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Grace K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: LeMasters
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Tolly G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ericksen
authors.forename: Ranajit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Manuel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Villareal
authors.forename: Jeff W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Burkle
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lockey
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reponen
authors.forename: Gurjit K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Khurana Hershey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002415:Cats; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004285:Dogs; D004485:Eczema / Q000235:genetics*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors