Esterases and autoimmunity: the sialic acid acetylesterase pathway and the regulation of peripheral B cell tolerance.
The best studied mechanisms of B cell tolerance are receptor editing, clonal deletion and anergy. All of these mechanisms of B cell tolerance depend on the induction of signaling downstream of the B cell receptor by self-antigens. Another important and distinct mechanism of B cell tolerance involves the repression of antigen receptor signaling rather than its induction, utilizes the Lyn Src-family kinase, the SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase, inhibitory members of the Siglec family, and a carbohydrate-modifying enzyme that is capable of negatively regulating B cell receptor activation known as sialic acid acetylesterase.
Pillai
Shiv
S
Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA 02129, USA. pillai@helix.mgh.harvard.edu
Cariappa
Annaiah
A
Pirnie
Stephan P
SP
D000115:Acetylesterase; D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000201:enzymology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017637:Clonal Deletion; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 / Q000378:metabolism; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
D001324:Autoantigens; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; D000115:Acetylesterase; C046298:sialate O-acetylesterase; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid