title: Measuring subjective health in children and adolescents: results of the European KIDSCREEN/DISABKIDS Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently there is a lack of information regarding the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of healthy as well as chronically ill children on a European level. In 2 European projects questionnaires for the assessment of the HRQoL in children and adolescents have been developed: The KIDSCREEN project aims at a co-operative European development of a standardised screening instrument for children's HRQoL for the implementation in representative national and European health surveys. In the DISABKIDS project a chronic-generic questionnaire as well as modules for specific conditions (e.g. asthma) were developed for children with chronic conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both projects shared similar steps: 1. Development phase, in which the items were generated and tested, 2. Survey and Field phase, in which the modified questionnaires were tested with healthy and chronically ill children and adolescents in national representative surveys, and 3. Implementation phase in national health surveys or clinical studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the sister projects, the KIDSCREEN instrument was tested in 22,830 children and the DISABKIDS instrument in 1605 chronically ill children. The current paper describes the development and pilot-testing as well as psychometric results of the field tests of both studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The KIDSCREEN/DISABKIDS instruments make it possible to assess generic, chronic-generic and disease-specific aspects of quality of life in children and present an innovative approach to intercultural HRQoL assessment in health research.
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Center for Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ravens-Sieberer
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gosch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erhart
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bullinger