title: Burden of stroke in Indonesia.
abstract: Stroke is the leading cause of death among Indonesians above five years of age, comprising 15.4% of all deaths, age-gender-standardised death rate 99/100 000, and age-gender-standardised disability-adjusted life years lost 685/100 000. Stroke prevalence is 0.0017% in rural Indonesia, 0.022% in urban Indonesia, 0.5% among urban Jakarta adults, and 0.8% overall. Frequent risk factors include hypertension, smoking and hypercholesterolaemia. The mean age of stroke patients is 58.8 years. Subarachnoid haemorrhage is found in 1.4% of patients, intracerebral haemorrhage in 18.5%, and ischaemic stroke in 42.9%. Only city hospitals have neurology, neurosurgery and neuroimaging services. Indonesia has 40 stroke units. Commonly used medications for stroke are easily available. Hospital-based rehabilitative services are available in large hospitals. Traditional medicine is widely practiced. Efforts to combat stroke include education, more stroke units and rehabilitative services especially in the rural areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Indonesia, Department of Neurology Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10530, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusuma
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Venketasubramanian
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Kiemas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Misbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D015995:Prevalence; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology