Intranasal administration of a live non-pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus from a virus library confers protective immunity against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in mice: comparison of formulations and administration routes of vaccines.
Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) would cause disasters worldwide. Various strategies against HPAIVs are required to control damage. It is thought that the use of non-pathogenic avian influenza viruses as live vaccines will be effective in an emergency, even though there might be some adverse effects, because small amounts of live vaccines will confer immunity to protect against HPAIV infection. Therefore, live vaccines have the advantage of being able to be distributed worldwide soon after an outbreak. In the present study, we found that intranasal administration of a live H5N1 subtype non-pathogenic virus induced antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and protected mice against H5N1 HPAIV infection. In addition, it was found that a small amount (100 PFU) of the live vaccine was as effective as 100 microg (approximately 10(10-11) PFU of virus particles) of the inactivated whole particle vaccine in mice. Consequently, the use of live virus vaccines might be one strategy for preventing pandemics of HPAIVs in an emergency.
Kashima
Yoshitaka
Y
Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, 485 Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
Ikeda
Mizuho
M
Itoh
Yasushi
Y
Sakoda
Yoshihiro
Y
Nagata
Tomoya
T
Miyake
Taichiro
T
Soda
Kosuke
K
Ozaki
Hiroichi
H
Nakayama
Misako
M
Shibuya
Hitomi
H
Okamatsu
Masatoshi
M
Ishigaki
Hirohito
H
Ishida
Hideaki
H
Sawai
Toshihiro
T
Kawaoka
Yoshihiro
Y
Kida
Hiroshi
H
Ogasawara
Kazumasa
K
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated