title: Predicting clinical and histologic outcomes based on standard laboratory tests in advanced chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Predictors of clinical outcomes and histologic progression among patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis are poorly defined. We developed statistical models to predict clinical and histologic outcomes in such patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline demographic, clinical, and histologic data from Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial participants were subjected to multivariate analyses to determine their ability to predict clinical outcomes (ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, Child-Turcotte-Pugh score >or=7 on 2 consecutive visits, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, and liver-related death) and histologic outcome (>or=2-point increase in Ishak fibrosis stage) during the 3.5 years of the trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1050 randomized patients, 135 had 1 or more clinical outcomes a median of 23 (range, 1-45) months after randomization. Factors associated with a clinical outcome in multivariate analyses were higher aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, lower albumin, lower platelet count, higher total bilirubin, and more advanced Ishak fibrosis score (P < .0001). The cumulative 3.5-year incidence of a clinical outcome was 2% in the lowest and 65% in the highest risk group. Of 547 patients without cirrhosis at baseline and at least 1 follow-up biopsy, 152 had a histologic outcome. Independent variables associated with a histologic outcome were higher body mass index, lower platelet count, and greater hepatic steatosis (P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis, risk of clinical complications and fibrosis progression during 3.5 years can be predicted using baseline laboratory tests and histologic data. Our models may be useful in counseling patients and determining the frequency of monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Services, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, USA. marcg@intra.niddk.nih.gov
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ghany
authors.forename: Anna S F
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lok
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Everhart
authors.forename: Gregory T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Everson
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Teresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Curto
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stoddard
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sterling
authors.forename: Adrian M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Di Bisceglie
authors.forename: Herbert L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Bonkovsky
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Jules L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dienstag
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001201:Ascites / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001706:Biopsy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D010976:Platelet Count; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012709:Serum Albumin; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001663:Bilirubin