title: Identification of a region required for TSC1 stability by functional analysis of TSC1 missense mutations found in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by the development of hamartomas in a variety of organs and tissues. The disease is caused by mutations in either the TSC1 gene on chromosome 9q34, or the TSC2 gene on chromosome 16p13.3. The TSC1 and TSC2 gene products, TSC1 and TSC2, form a protein complex that inhibits signal transduction to the downstream effectors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Recently it has been shown that missense mutations to the TSC1 gene can cause TSC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have used in vitro biochemical assays to investigate the effects on TSC1 function of TSC1 missense variants submitted to the Leiden Open Variation Database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified specific substitutions between amino acids 50 and 190 in the N-terminal region of TSC1 that result in reduced steady state levels of the protein and lead to increased mTOR signalling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that amino acid residues within the N-terminal region of TSC1 are important for TSC1 function and for maintaining the activity of the TSC1-TSC2 complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.mozaffari@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Melika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mozaffari
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoogeveen-Westerveld
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ekong
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Povey
authors.forename: Johan T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: den Dunnen
authors.forename: Ans
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van den Ouweland
authors.forename: Dicky
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halley
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nellist
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics*; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C000624653:TSC2 protein, human; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases