title: The use of novel agents in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.
abstract: Although outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have improved over the past decade, the disease remains incurable and even patients who respond well to induction therapy ultimately relapse and require additional treatment. Conventional chemotherapy and high-dose therapy with stem cell transplantation (SCT) have historically been utilized in the management of relapsed MM, but in recent years the immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) thalidomide and lenalidomide, as well as the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, have assumed a primary role in this setting. This review focuses on the role of thalidomide, lenalidomide and bortezomib in relapsed and refractory MM, with additional discussion dedicated to emerging drugs in relapsed MM that may prove beneficial to patients with this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. jacobp_laubach@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Laubach
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahindra
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mitsiades
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Schlossman
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Munshi
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ghobrial
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Carreau
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hideshima
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069286:Bortezomib; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011719:Pyrazines; D013792:Thalidomide; D000069286:Bortezomib; D000077269:Lenalidomide