title: Plant sterols from rapeseed and tall oils: effects on lipids, fat-soluble vitamins and plant sterol concentrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data comparing the impact of different sources of plant sterols on CVD risk factors and antioxidant levels is scarce. We evaluated the effects of plant sterols from rapeseed and tall oils on serum lipids, lipoproteins, fat-soluble vitamins and plant sterol concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This was a double-blinded, randomized, crossover trial in which 59 hypercholesterolemic subjects consumed 25 g/day of margarine for 4 weeks separated by 1 week washout periods. The two experimental margarines provided 2g/day of plant sterols from rapeseed or tall oil. The control margarine had no added plant sterols. The control margarine reduced LDL cholesterol by 4.5% (95% CI 1.4, 7.6%). The tall and rapeseed sterol margarines additionally reduced LDL cholesterol by 9.0% (95% CI 5.5, 12.4%) and 8.2% (95% CI 5.2, 11.4%) and apolipoprotein B by 5.3% (95% CI 1.0, 9.6%) and 6.9% (95% CI 3.6, 10.2%), respectively. Lipid-adjusted beta-carotene concentrations were reduced by both sterol margarines (P<0.017). alpha-Tocopherol concentrations were reduced by the tall sterol compared to the rapeseed sterol margarine (P=0.001). Campesterol concentrations increased more markedly with the rapeseed sterol versus tall sterol margarine (P<0.001). The rapeseed sterol margarine increased while the tall sterol margarine decreased brassicasterol concentrations (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plant sterols from tall and rapeseed oils reduce atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins similarly. The rapeseed sterol margarine may have more favorable effects on serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Cardiology, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. eli.heggen@uus.no
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heggen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Granlund
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holme
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ceglarek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thiery
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kirkhus
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tonstad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000737:chemistry*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008383:Margarine; D008875:Middle Aged; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000097:blood; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010840:Phytosterols; D010938:Plant Oils; D014815:Vitamins; C482568:tall oil; D002338:Carotenoids; D008383:Margarine; D010837:Vitamin K 1; D024505:Tocopherols