title: Nitric oxide-induced changes in endothelial expression of phosphodiesterases 2, 3, and 5.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate nitric oxide (NO)-mediated changes in expression of cyclic nucleotide degrading phosphodiesterases 2A (PDE2A), PDE3B, and PDE5A in human endothelial cells.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide induces production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which along with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is degraded by PDEs. NO donors and selective inhibitors of PDE3 and PDE5 induce migraine-like headache and play a role in endothelial dysfunction during stroke. The current study investigates possible NO modulation of cGMP-related PDEs relevant to headache induction in a cell line containing such PDEs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blots were used to show expression of PDE2A, PDE3B, and PDE5A in a stable cell line of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Effects of NO on PDE expression were analyzed at specific time intervals after continued DETA NONOate administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study shows the expression of PDE2A, PDE3B, and PDE5A mRNA and PDE3B and PDE5A protein in human cerebral endothelial cells. Long-term DETA NONOate administration induced an immediate mRNA up-regulation of PDE5A (1.9-fold, 0.5 hour), an early peak of PDE2A (1.4-fold, 1 and 2 hours) and later up-regulation of both PDE3B (1.6-fold, 4 hours) and PDE2A (1.7-fold, 8 hours and 1.2-fold after 24 hours). Such changes were, however, not translated into significant changes in protein expression indicating few, if any, functional effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term NO stimulation modulated PDE3 and PDE5 mRNA expression in endothelial cells. However, PDE3 and PDE5 protein levels were unaffected by NO. The presence of PDE3 or PDE5 in endothelial cells indicates that selective inhibitors may have functional effects in such cells. A complex interaction of cGMP and cAMP in response to NO administration may take place if the mRNA translates into active protein. Whether or not this plays a role in the headache mechanisms remains to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Munich Hospital - Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Schankin
authors.forename: Lars S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: Veronika M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Reinisch
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jungmann
authors.forename: Julie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grau
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sinicina
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldbrunner
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Straube
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kruuse
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D054678:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006261:Headache / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C094210:2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D054678:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; C517275:PDE2A protein, human; C517291:PDE3B protein, human; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517381:PDE5A protein, human; D006152:Cyclic GMP