title: Invasive bacteria isolates from children with severe infections in a Nigerian hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little information is available about the aetiology and epidemiology of serious bacterial infections in Nigeria. This study determined bacterial isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children presenting in the emergency room of a teaching hospital in Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 2005 to December 2006, children aged two to 60 months presenting with signs of acute systemic infections were recruited. Blood culture and CSF specimens were collected and processed using standard microbiological protocols. Data were analysed using SPSS version 11 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and two blood and 69 CSF samples were cultured. Fifty-five (27%) of the blood cultures yielded Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci in almost equal proportions. The most common isolates from the blood cultures were Staphylococcus aureus, 26 (12.9%) and atypical coliforms, 13 (6.5%). Others are Klebsiella spp, 3 (1.5%); Klebsiella pneumonia, 2 (1.0%); Escherichia coli, 3 (1.5%); Enterobacter agglomerans, 2 (1.1%); Proteus mirabilis, 2(1%); Pseudomonas spp, 2 (1.0%); Haemophilus influenza, 1 (1.0%); and Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 1 (1.0%). Fourteen out of 67 (20.9%) of the CSF samples yielded bacterial isolates: Streptococcus pneumonia, 3 (4.5%); Haemophilus influenza, 8 (11.9%); Hemophilus spp, 1 (1.5%); E. Coli, 1 (1.5%); and atypical coliform, 1 (1.5%). Gram-negative coliform isolates were predominantly resistant to penicillin based antibiotics and co-trimoxazole but sensitive to third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones. A high percentage of S. aureus isolates were multi-drug resistant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial infections contribute to the significant morbidity among children in our environment. S. aureus was more frequently isolated in sepsis while H. influenzae appears to play a major role in meningitis. Appropriate use of antibiotics is needed to manage affected children effectively. We also recommend improved vaccine coverage of children under the age of five years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital and Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. aonipede@oauife.edu.ng
authors.forename: Anthony O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Onipede
authors.forename: Adedeji A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Onayade
authors.forename: Jerome B E
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Elusiyan
authors.forename: Perpetua O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Obiajunwa
authors.forename: Ezra O O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Ogundare
authors.forename: Olarinde O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Olaniran
authors.forename: Lateef A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Adeyemi
authors.forename: Oyeku O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Oyelami
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents