title: Computed tomographic angiography: diagnostic procedure of choice in the management of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the elderly patient?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to establish whether 3D computed tomographic angiography (CTA) can be used to determine further management in patients older than 70 years admitted with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  CTA evaluation included analysis of the source images, image-slice-based multiplanar reconstruction, multi-intensity projection (MIP) and finally 3-dimensional rendering. The location and size of the aneurysm, its precise anatomical morphology and the configuration of the circle of Willis were evaluated. Based on these findings, surgery, endovascular coiling or conservative management was selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between October 2001 and June 2005, 44 patients over 70 years of age (38 females, 6 males) were admitted to our neurosurgical department with acute SAH. All patients underwent CTA, and additional 2D digital subtraction angiography (2D-DSA) was performed in 14 patients. Forty-five aneurysms (38 ruptured and 7 unruptured) were diagnosed. Six patients were found to have SAH of unknown origin (no aneurysm on CTA nor 2D-DSA). In 20 patients surgery was performed, in 10 patients endovascular coiling of the aneurysm was carried out, and 12 patients were treated conservatively. The findings on CTA and 2D-DSA could be compared for 26 patients (59%). Correlation between CTA and 2D-DSA was good in 25 of these cases (96%). Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of 4 or 5 were calculated for 37% of the operated patients, 27% of those treated with coils, and 36% of the patients treated conservatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In older patients with degenerative vascular diseases, CTA can replace 2D-DSA in most cases if the image quality is excellent and analysis is performed carefully.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. ioannis.pechlivanis@nch.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pechlivanis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harders
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuttenberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schulte-Altedorneburg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmieder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed