title: Skeletal muscle characteristics of rats with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data on the skeletal muscle characteristics of patients and animals with lifestyle-related diseases are limited. We investigated mRNA expression levels and fiber profiles in the skeletal muscles of rats with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and/or hyperlipidemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha and PPARdelta/beta), PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), carnitine palmi-toyl-transferase I (CPT I), medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), and mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (TFAM) in the soleus muscles were compared among 15-week-old control (WR), type 2 diabetic (GK), hypertensive (SHR), and hyperlipidemic (CP) rats. The fiber profiles in the soleus muscles of these rats were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GK rats showed lower PPARdelta/beta, PGC-1alpha, and MCAD expression levels than WR rats. SHR rats showed higher PPARalpha and MCAD and lower PPARdelta/beta expression levels than WR rats. CP rats showed lower PPARdelta/beta and higher SCD-1 expression levels than WR rats. The muscles of WR, SHR, and CP rats had low-oxidative type I and high-oxidative type IIA and type IIC fibers, whereas the muscle of GK rats had only low-oxidative type I fibers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The skeletal muscles of rats with lifestyle-related diseases have unique mRNA expres-sion patterns and fiber profiles depending on the type of disease. For example, the lower PGC-1alpha and MCAD mRNA expression levels in the soleus muscles of type 2 diabetic rats are associated with the presence of only low-oxidative type I fibers in the muscle.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nagatomo
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Kinsuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishihara
mesh_terms: D042964:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; D042964:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase