title: Gray matter in first-episode schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic drug treatment. Anatomical likelihood estimation meta-analyses with sample size weighting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral morphological abnormalities in schizophrenia may be modulated by treatment, chronicity, and duration of illness. Comparing brain imaging studies of individuals with first-episode schizophrenia and neuroleptic naive (NN-FES) with that of their neuroleptic-treated counterparts (NT-FES) can help to dissect out the effect of these potential confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the anatomical likelihood estimation method to compare voxel-based morphometric studies of NN-FES (n = 162 patients) and NT-FES (n = 336 patients) studies. The analysis included a sample size weighting step based on the Liptak-Stouffer method to reflect the greater power of larger studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient samples were matched for age, gender, and duration of illness. An extensive network of gray matter deficits in frontal, temporal, insular, striatal, posterior cingulate, and cerebellar regions was detected in the NN-FES samples as compared with healthy controls. Major deficits were detected in the frontal, superior temporal, insular, and parahippocampal regions for the NT-FES group compared with the NN-FES group. In addition, the NT-FES group showed minor deficits in the caudate, cingulate, and inferior temporal regions compared with the NN-FES group. There were no regions with gray matter volumetric excess in the NT-FES group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frontal, striato-limbic, and temporal morphological abnormalities are present in the early stage of schizophrenia and are unrelated to the effects of neuroleptic treatment, chronicity, and duration of illness. There may be dynamic effects of treatment on striato-limbic and temporal, but not frontal, regional gray matter volumes of the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Meikei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Charlton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Pak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sham
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Siew
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Grainne
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McAlonan
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D020534:Parahippocampal Gyrus / Q000473:pathology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018401:Sample Size; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents