title: [Laparoscopic simple nephrectomy with transvaginal notes assistance and the use of standard laparoscopic instruments].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is an emerging technique, which allows to performed surgical procedures avoiding any surgical scars. However there are some problems due to the lack of equipment available for these procedures. The aim of these study is to present our initial experience with the transvaginal nephrectomy NOTES using standard laparoscopic instruments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two female patients 23 and 29 years old, both of them with diagnosis of recurrent urinary tract infection and renal atrophy. A transvaginal simple nephrectomy was performed using a transvaginal Access for the camera port and two abdominal work ports of 10 and 3 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total operation room time was 120 min in the first case and 40 min. in the second with an average blood loss of 200 cc. There were no perioperative complications, and both patients was discharged 36 hours after the surgery
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic nephrectomy with transvaginal NOTES assistance is technically feasible with the use of standard laparoscopic instruments. Special Access trocars and instruments development for this procedure will allow to perform a pure technique without the use of abdominal incisions.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Urología Clínica Indisa, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile. octaviocastillo@vtr.net
authors.forename: Octavio A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vidal-Mora
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fonerón
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feria-Flores
authors.forename: Reinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sepúlveda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D014621:Vagina; D055815:Young Adult