title: Comparison of four staging systems of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The classification of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer is still controversial. Our aim was to evaluate the relative merits of four staging systems of lymph node metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study, the nodal status was classified according to the 5th edition of the tumor node metastasis (TNM) system, the Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma (JCGC), the ratio of metastatic lymph nodes, and the size of the largest metastatic lymph node. Each staging system was scored as good (+2), fair (+1), or poor (0) with respect to the theoretical value (extent of the anatomical lymphatic tumor spread), convenience (simplicity), surgical applicability (extent of lymph node dissection), and prognostic value (ability to predict survival rate).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the multivariate analysis including the four staging systems and other potential prognostic factors, stepwise Cox regression revealed that the ratio of metastatic lymph nodes was the most independent prognostic factor. The TNM, ratio, and size systems were convenient because they had no consideration for the location of the tumor and lymph node. Although the JCGC system had advantages in theoretical value and surgical application, it was most optional due to the complexity of the system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although all different staging systems are comparable, the metastatic lymph node ratio system is convenient, reproducible, and has the highest ability to predict survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guanyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yingwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult