title: Function of caspase-14 in trophoblast differentiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Within the human placenta, the cytotrophoblast consists of a proliferative pool of progenitor cells which differentiate to replenish the overlying continuous, multi-nucleated syncytiotrophoblast, which forms the barrier between the maternal and fetal tissues. Disruption to trophoblast differentiation and function may result in impaired fetal development and preeclampsia. Caspase-14 expression is limited to barrier forming tissues. It promotes keratinocyte differentiation by cleaving profilaggrin to stabilise keratin intermediate filaments, and indirectly providing hydration and UV protection. However its role in the trophoblast remains unexplored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using RNA Interference the reaction of control and differentiating trophoblastic BeWo cells to suppressed caspase-14 was examined for genes pertaining to hormonal, cell cycle and cytoskeletal pathways.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transcription of hCG, KLF4 and cytokeratin-18 were increased following caspase-14 suppression suggesting a role for caspase-14 in inhibiting their pathways. Furthermore, hCG, KLF4 and cytokeratin-18 protein levels were disrupted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since expression of these molecules is normally increased with trophoblast differentiation, our results imply that caspase-14 inhibits trophoblast differentiation. This is the first functional study of this unusual member of the caspase family in the trophoblast, where it has a different function than in the epidermis. This knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of trophoblast differentiation may instruct future therapies of trophoblast disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Anatomy and Human Biology, Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. yornup@gmail.com
authors.forename: Lloyd J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Declercq
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arfuso
authors.forename: Adrian K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: Arun M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dharmarajan
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D053456:Caspase 14 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053538:Keratin-18 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; D053538:Keratin-18; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D005576:Colforsin; D053456:Caspase 14