title: Mice are prone to kidney pathology after prolonged ketamine addiction.
abstract: ICR mice were injected with ketamine for 1, 3 and 6 months and the kidneys and urinary bladders were excised and processed for histology. Starting from 1 month, all addicted mice showed invasion of mononuclear white cells, either surrounding the glomerulus or the other tubules in the kidney. The aggregation of these cells extended all the way to the pelvis and ureter. As well, in the urinary bladder, the epithelium became thin and there was submucosal infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells. Silver staining revealed a loss of nerve fibers amongst the muscles of the urinary bladder of the treated. Immunohistochemistry on choline acetyltransferase which is a marker for cholinergic neurons also demonstrated a decrease of those cells. We hypothesized that prolonged ketamine addiction resulted in the animals prone to urinary infection.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rudd
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Yew
mesh_terms: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D007649:Ketamine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology; D016622:Silver Staining; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007649:Ketamine; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase