title: [Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: current applications, advantages and limits for the evaluation of the left ventricle].
abstract: In the last decades the introduction and development of echocardiography allowed a significant improvement in the diagnosis as well as in the morphological and functional evaluation of several heart diseases, and today many therapeutic decisions are taken based on the results of the echocardiographic examination. One of the most important development in the field of echocardiography is three-dimensional imaging, which has evolved from the slow and labor-intense off-line reconstruction techniques to the faster and simpler real-time volumetric imaging, which has the potential to be integrated in routine clinical practice. One of the major proven advantages of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography is the evaluation of left ventricular volume, mass and function, which is achieved by eliminating the need for geometric modeling and the errors caused by foreshortened views. In this review we discuss the state-of-the-art and anticipate future developments of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography that are relevant to its application to the left ventricle.
authors.affiliation: U.O. di Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Corso Giovecca, 203, 44100 Ferrara. donatomele@libero.it
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.forename: Eustachio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agricola
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galderisi
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sciomer
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nistri
authors.forename: Piercarlo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ballo
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buralli
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
authors.forename: Arcangelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Errico
authors.forename: Maria Angela
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Losi
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mondillo
mesh_terms: D003199:Computer Systems; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity