title: Determinants of wound infections for breast procedures: assessment of the risk of wound infection posed by an invasive procedure for subsequent operation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wound infection remains a major source of postoperative morbidity leading to prolonged hospital stays and increased total cost, including indirect expenses related to the wound infection. We examined whether there is any higher risk of wound infection in patients undergo a reoperation after an initial operation or excision/incision biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A retrospective review of medical charts of patients with breast operations between January 1990 and July 2008 was carried out. The overall incidence of wound infection was 18.2% (231/1267). The rate of wound infection was (32%) when reoperation was done after previous modified radical mastectomy, 18.9% and 16.8% when the previous operations were lumpectomy/segmenectomy with axillary dissection and simple mastectomy without axillary dissection, respectively and (10.8%) when reoperation was performed after previous biopsy. Reoperation involving axillary dissection was associated with significantly higher rates of wound infection (p<0.01). Antibiotic prophylaxis continued into the postoperative period was associated with significantly decreased rate of wound infection (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial procedure affects the risk of wound infection in subsequent operation in patients with breast cancer. Significantly higher risks of wound infection are seen in those patients who had undergone axillary dissection or modified radical mastectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of surgery, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata-26, India. aashob@gmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D016015:Logistic Models; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D015409:Mastectomy, Radical; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011336:Probability; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents