title: Monocyte transplantation for neural and cardiovascular ischemia repair.
abstract: Neovascularization is an integral process of inflammatory reactions and subsequent repair cascades in tissue injury. Monocytes/macrophages play a key role in the inflammatory process including angiogenesis as well as the defence mechanisms by exerting microbicidal and immunomodulatory activity. Current studies have demonstrated that recruited monocytes/macrophages aid in regulating angiogenesis in ischemic tissue, tumours and chronic inflammation. In terms of neovascularization followed by tissue regeneration, monocytes/macrophages should be highly attractive for cell-based therapy compared to any other stem cells due to their considerable advantages: non-oncogenic, non-teratogenic, multiple secretary functions including pro-angiogenic and growth factors, straightforward cell harvesting procedure and non-existent ethical controversy. In addition to adult origins such as bone marrow or peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood (UCB) can be a potential source for autologous or allogeneic monocytes/macrophages. Especially, UCB monocytes should be considered as the first candidate owing to their feasibility, low immune rejection and multiple characteristic advantages such as their anti-inflammatory properties by virtue of their unique immune and inflammatory immaturity, and their pro-angiogenic ability. In this review, we present general characteristics and potential of monocytes/macrophages for cell-based therapy, especially focusing on neovascularization and UCB-derived monocytes.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. psanberg@health.usf.edu
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Sanberg
authors.forename: Dong-Hyuk
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuzmin-Nichols
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Nelson Americo
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hossne
authors.forename: Enio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buffolo
authors.forename: Alison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Willing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000637:transplantation*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D009420:Nervous System / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators