title: Microchip system for monitoring microbial physiological behaviour under drug influences.
abstract: Single-step real-time high-throughput monitoring of drug influences on bacterial cell behaviour has become important with growing interests in personalized therapy and medication. Conventional microchip assemblies to perform similar work do exist. However, most of these devices have complex set-ups incorporating micromixers, separators, pumps, or valves. These microcomponents can sometimes damage the entities being monitored because of the creation of unfavourable biological environments. This paper presents a microchip-based system that enables single-step mixing of two solutions in various ratios, without the need for additional microcomponents such as mixers and pumps, in order to screen effectively their combinatory effects on cell outcomes. In this work, in-vitro experiments were carried out using ampicillin at various concentrations to investigate their effects on Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results showed that the microchip provided effective screening, which yielded useful results such as effective dosages, ineffective dosages, and other possible outcomes; for instance, in this case, the occurrence of adaptive mutation of the bacteria at certain drug concentrations. Comparative microbiological laboratory tests were carried out as standard for confirmation of the results.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sakharkar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: A Q
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miao
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019149:Bioreactors; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000667:Ampicillin