title: Role of Nrf2 and p62/ZIP in the neurite outgrowth by carnosic acid in PC12h cells.
abstract: Neurotrophins such as NGF promote neuronal survival and differentiation via the cell surface TrkA neurotrophin receptor. Compounds with neurotrophic actions that are low in molecular weight and can permeate the blood-brain barrier are promising therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Carnosic acid (CA), an electrophilic compound in rosemary, activates antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated transcription via activation of Nrf2. In the present study, we discovered that CA strongly promotes neurite outgrowth of PC12h cells. NGF as well as CA activated Nrf2, whereas CA and NGF-mediated neuronal differentiation was suppressed by Nrf2 knockdown. On the other hand, CA activated TrkA-downstream kinase Erk1/2 independently of Nrf2. CA-induced p62/ZIP expression in an Nrf2-dependent manner, while the CA-induced neural differentiation was suppressed by p62/ZIP knockdown. Furthermore, CA-induced ARE activation was attenuated both by p62/ZIP knockdown and a Trk signal inhibitor. These results suggest that the CA induction of p62/ZIP by Nrf2 enhances TrkA signaling which subsequently potentiates Nrf2 pathway. This is the first demonstration that activation of the Nrf2-p62/ZIP pathway by a low-molecular natural electrophilic compound plays important roles in TrkA-mediated neural differentiation and may represent the common molecular mechanism for neurotrophic activities of electrophilic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Center, Nagase & Co. Ltd, 2-2-3, Kobe 651-2241, Japan. kunio.kosaka@nagase.co.jp
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.forename: Junsei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimojo
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirasawa
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D020917:Receptor, trkA / Q000378:metabolism; D000071456:Sequestosome-1 Protein
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495637:Nfe2l2 protein, rat; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000071456:Sequestosome-1 Protein; C491079:Sqstm1 protein, rat; D020917:Receptor, trkA; C018381:salvin