title: Novel circular DNA viruses in stool samples of wild-living chimpanzees.
abstract: Viral particles in stool samples from wild-living chimpanzees were analysed using random PCR amplification and sequencing. Sequences encoding proteins distantly related to the replicase protein of single-stranded circular DNA viruses were identified. Inverse PCR was used to amplify and sequence multiple small circular DNA viral genomes. The viral genomes were related in size and genome organization to vertebrate circoviruses and plant geminiviruses but with a different location for the stem-loop structure involved in rolling circle DNA replication. The replicase genes of these viruses were most closely related to those of the much smaller (approximately 1 kb) plant nanovirus circular DNA chromosomes. Because the viruses have characteristics of both animal and plant viruses, we named them chimpanzee stool-associated circular viruses (ChiSCV). Further metagenomic studies of animal samples will greatly increase our knowledge of viral diversity and evolution.
authors.affiliation: Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blinkova
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Victoria
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Brandon F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Keele
authors.forename: Crickette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: Jean-Bosco N
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ndjango
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.forename: Elizabeth V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Lonsdorf
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Pusey
authors.forename: Beatrice H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Delwart
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology*; D017925:Circovirus / Q000235:genetics; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D004267:DNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004270:DNA, Circular / Q000235:genetics*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology*; D017791:Geminiviridae / Q000235:genetics; D005814:Genes, Viral; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D025682:Nanovirus / Q000235:genetics; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology
chemical_list: D004270:DNA, Circular; D004279:DNA, Viral