title: Transcription factor Sp1 induces ADAM17 and contributes to tumor cell invasiveness under hypoxia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expression of the Sp1 transcription factor is induced by hypoxia, and the ADAM17 promoter contains predicted Sp1 binding sites. ADAM17 contributes to hypoxic-induce invasiveness of glioma. In this study, we investigated whether Sp1 transcription factor induces ADAM17 and/or contributes to tumor cell invasiveness in hypoxia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Employing RT-PCR and Western blot, we examined the role of Sp1 in ADAM17 transcription/expression under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and whether it binds to the ADAM17 GC-rich promoter region using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Additionally, we tested the effect of Sp1 suppression in tumor cell invasion and migration, using Matrigel basement membrane invasion chambers, a scratch wound-healing assay, and small interfering RNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we found that Sp1 binds to the ADAM17 promoter, and that Sp1 regulates ADAM17 expression under hypoxia. Furthermore, suppression of Sp1 decreases invasiveness and migration in U87 tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest the Sp1 transcription factor mediates ADAM17 expression under hypoxia, regulates glioma invasiveness, and thus, may be a target for anti-invasion therapies.
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA. ajciungu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szalad
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katakowski
authors.forename: Xuguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chopp
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D007136:Immunoglobulins; C090698:SP1 antigen; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; C000606462:ADAM17 protein, human