title: A neural network critical for spelling.
abstract: We aimed to identify neuroanatomical regions associated with deficits to the graphemic buffer, a working memory component of the spelling system that holds the sequence of letter identities during production. We evaluated 331 patients with left hemisphere ischemic stroke with various spelling tests and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion-weighted imaging, within 48 hours of stroke onset. A voxel-wise statistical map showed that ischemia in voxels in posterior and inferior frontal and parietal cortex, subcortical white matter underlying prefrontal cortex, lateral occipital gyrus, or caudate was associated with impairment in maintaining the sequence of letter identities while spelling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cloutman
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gingis
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Newhart
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heidler-Gary
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crinion
authors.forename: Argye E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hillis
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008037:Linguistics; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014956:Writing