title: Nail changes in kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nail changes are common complications of end-stage renal disease, and reports of nail changes in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are rare. Few reports have documented a higher prevalence of onychomycosis in KTR compared with controls, while others found no significant differences. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and nature of nail changes in a large series of KTR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and two KTR (216 males and 86 females) were included in this study, and the mean transplant duration was 6.57 years (range 1.5 month-23 years). They were screened for the presence of nail changes. Nail clippings were collected when indicated and cultures were performed for patients with suspected onychomycosis. The patients were compared with 302 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (220 males and 82 females).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-one KTR (40.1%) had nail changes compared with 104 (34.4%) in controls. Onychomycosis, Muehrcke's nail and leuconychia were significantly more common in KTR [23 (7.6%), 13.3 (4.3%), 11 (3.6%), respectively] compared with controls [7 (2.3%), 1(0.3%), 2 (0.66%), P = 0.002, 0.001 and 0.02, respectively]. However, the most frequent nail change among KTR and controls was absent lunula, 90 (29.8%) and 80 (26.5%), respectively P = 0.36. Longitudinal ridging was also a frequent nail pathology among KTR and controls, 21 (6.9%) and 19 (6.3%), respectively, P = 0.74.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KTR have higher prevalence rates of onychomycosis, Muehrcke's nail and leuconychia than the healthy population. On the other hand, absent lunula could be a normal variation among Egyptian people.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abeer M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abdelaziz
authors.forename: Khaled M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: Essam M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Elsawy
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bakr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009260:Nail Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D009262:Nails / Q000473:pathology; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult