title: Neural activity predicts attitude change in cognitive dissonance.
abstract: When our actions conflict with our prior attitudes, we often change our attitudes to be more consistent with our actions. This phenomenon, known as cognitive dissonance, is considered to be one of the most influential theories in psychology. However, the neural basis of this phenomenon is unknown. Using a Solomon four-group design, we scanned participants with functional MRI while they argued that the uncomfortable scanner environment was nevertheless a pleasant experience. We found that cognitive dissonance engaged the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula; furthermore, we found that the activation of these regions tightly predicted participants' subsequent attitude change. These effects were not observed in a control group. Our findings elucidate the neural representation of cognitive dissonance, and support the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in detecting cognitive conflict and the neural prediction of attitude change.
authors.affiliation: Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA. vanveen@berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: van Veen
authors.forename: Marie K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Krug
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Schooler
authors.forename: Cameron S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001290:Attitude; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D003073:Cognitive Dissonance; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen