title: Identification of virulence determinants of Mycobacterium avium that impact on the ability to resist host killing mechanisms.
abstract: Mycobacterium avium is an opportunistic pathogen associated with pulmonary disease in non-AIDS patients and disseminated infection in patients with AIDS. The chief route of infection is by colonization and invasion of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, but infection through the respiratory route also occurs. After crossing the mucosa, M. avium infects and replicates within tissue macrophages. To identify M. avium genes required for survival in vivo, a library of signature-tagged transposon mutants was constructed and screened for clones attenuated in mice. Thirty-two clones were found to be attenuated for their virulence, from which eleven were sequenced and tested further. All the mutants studied grew similarly in vitro to the wild-type MAC104. Ten mutants were tested individually in mice, confirming the attenuated phenotype. MAV_2450, a polyketide synthase homologue to Mycobacterium tuberculosis pks12, was identified. STM5 and STM10 genes (encoding two hypothetical proteins MAV_4292 and MAV_4012) were associated with susceptibility to oxidative products. Mutants MAV_2450, MAV_4292, MAV_0385 and MAV_4264 live in macrophage vacuoles with acidic pH (below 6.9). Mutants MAV_4292, MAV_0385 and MAV_4264 were susceptible to nitric oxide in vitro. The study of individual mutants can potentially lead to new knowledge about M. avium pathogenic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Yong-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Danelishvili
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II - Infectious Diseases, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Kuzell Institute, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrofsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Luiz E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bermudez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009154:Mutation; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000737:chemistry; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide