title: Demonstrating the pharmacogenetic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on long-term prognosis of diastolic heart failure.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and pharmacogenetic interaction on the survival of the patients with diastolic heart failure (DHF). A total of 285 subjects with DHF confirmed by echocardiography were recruited in the period between 1995 and 2003. Baseline characteristics (age, sex, prior history, medication, and echocardiographic findings) and genetic polymorphisms (ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism; T174M, M235T, G-6A, A-20C, G-152A, and G-217A polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene; and A1166C polymorphisms of the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R)) were collected and matched (by propensity score) in those who received and those who did not receive ACE inhibitors. The patients were followed up to 10 years. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used to demonstrate the survival trend. The 85 patients who received ACE inhibitors and the other 85 patients who did not were found to have comparable baseline characteristics and polymorphism distribution. Prescription of ACE inhibitors was associated with a significant decrease in overall mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24-0.83; P=0.01), and a lower rate of cardiovascular events at 4000 days (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32-0.90; P=0.02). In addition, ACE I/D gene D allele was associated with higher overall mortality as compared with the I allele (HR, 2.04; P=0.003). This effect was diminished in those who received ACE inhibitors. The use of ACE inhibitor was associated with a significant decrease in long-term mortality and cardiovascular events in the patients with DHF. Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin system genes were also associated, but their effects could be modified by the use of ACE inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: C-T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Y-T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: J-K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: L-Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J-W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J-J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: F-T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Chiang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017353:Gene Deletion; D054144:Heart Failure, Diastolic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011379:Prognosis; D057216:Propensity Score; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000235:genetics*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A