title: Novel implantable device to detect cardiac allograft rejection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allograft rejection remains the nemesis of solid organ transplantation. Soul Mate is a novel implantable wireless data transmission system that analyzes 9 intramyocardial electrogram parameters recorded from 4 or 6 configurations of 2 or 3 epicardial leads to detect allograft rejection. This study determined the ability of the Soul Mate to detect early rejection of transplanted hearts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five dogs underwent heterotopic cervical heart transplantation and simultaneous implantation of the Soul Mate's Cardiac Rejection Monitoring Device. Dogs were initially immunosuppressed, but subsequent drug discontinuation allowed allograft rejection to appear. Allograft biopsies were performed at regular intervals to determine rejection grade, which was compared to a calculated rejection score determined as percent change from baseline of values for each intramyocardial electrogram. There was significant correlation between the biopsy results and the evolution of 5 parameters. The strongest correlation (r=0.939; P<0.001) was obtained using the "general median" parameter from 4 configurations, assessed 1 day before the biopsy, with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 100% compared to the myocardial biopsy results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Soul Mate allograft rejection monitoring system accurately detected transplanted heart rejection in a canine model noninvasively with continuous sampling. This proof-of-concept study suggests that the Soul Mate could be used to more intensely and more frequently monitor cardiac allografts for rejection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horai
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fumoto
authors.forename: Diyar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Roula
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zahr
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Shanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shalli
authors.forename: Chiyo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ootaki
authors.forename: Jacquelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Catanese
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Carmela D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: E Rene
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukamachi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous