title: Concurrent G-CSF and GM-CSF administration for the induction of bone marrow-derived cell mobilization in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a pilot study evaluating feasibility, safety and efficacy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify feasibility and safety of bone marrow stem cells (BMC) mobilization in patients (pts) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to monitor the clinical effects of BMC mobilization in terms of myocardial perfusion and function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight male pts (median age: 50.5 years) treated with a primary PTCA were enrolled. The mobilization regimen consisted of G-CSF 5 microg/kg/12 h from day 0 to day +2 and GM-CSF 2.5 microg/kg/24 h. All pts underwent coronary angiography, intracoronary doppler flow study, echocardiography, and nuclear thallium scan before treatment and at 6 months. All pts showed increased values of WBC and circulating CD34+ following cytokine administration. No patient died. All patients completed a 6-months follow-up: target lesion revascularization rate was 12,5%, target vessel revascularization rate was 37.5%, angiographic mean ejection fraction increased from 49.8+/-11.9 to 55.4+/-8.7 (p=NS), mean coronary flow reserve from 1.63+/-0.42 to 2.5+/-0.4 (p=0.001), mean Thallium uptake raised from 55.56+/-16.42% to 67.56+/-13.66% (p=0.01), and normally perfused segments from 16% to 52% (p=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine-induced BMC mobilization is feasible in AMI pts. Improvements of myocardial perfusion can be expected after PTCA associated with G-CSF and GM-CSF induced mobilization. Further studies are required to define the role of BMC-mobilization and the most effective cytokine combination.
authors.affiliation: S.C.D.O. Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Giovanni Battista di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scacciatella
authors.forename: Tullio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usmiani
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andriani
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baccega
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boccadoro
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Omedè
authors.forename: Fiorella
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanavio
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tarella