title: High test-retest reliability of the extended version of the "Sniffin' Sticks" test.
abstract: The "Sniffin' Sticks" test kit is a validated and commonly used tool for assessment of olfactory function in subjects with normal sense of smell and in individuals with smell loss. That test incorporates subtests for odor threshold, discrimination, and identification. To gain higher subtest reproducibility, tests on odor discrimination and odor identification were extended using 32 instead of the usually applied 16 single trials each. In developing the extended Sniffin' Sticks test, a number of preliminary experiments were performed in 46 healthy, normosmic individuals 1) to evaluate intensity and familiarity of the additionally selected odors, 2) to select distractors for the discrimination and identification test, and 3) to evaluate the test-retest reliability of each subtest. Furthermore, the extended test was applied to 126 patients with olfactory loss and 71 normosmic individuals. Follow-up investigation could be performed in 69 controls within an average interval of 4 days. Results revealed significant differences between patients and healthy subjects. Estimated intensity and familiarity of the newly selected 16 items of the discrimination test did not differ significantly from the 16 standard items. Test-retest reliability was found to be r = 0.80 (odor discrimination), r = 0.88 (odor identification), and r = 0.92 (odor threshold). In conclusion, the extended test kit allows a precise evaluation of olfactory function, especially when different olfactory tasks are assessed using individual subtests. Furthermore, the high test-retest reliability of both the 16 and the 32-item tests allows the evaluation of even relatively small changes of olfactory function over time by means of either test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany. antje.haehner@uniklinikum-dresden.de
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haehner
authors.forename: Anna-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Basile N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Landis
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pournaras
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lill
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gudziol
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hummel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012903:Smell; D055815:Young Adult