title: Infectious agents detected in the feces of diarrheic foals: a retrospective study of 233 cases (2003-2008).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diarrhea is common in foals but there are no studies investigating the relative prevalence of common infectious agents in a population of hospitalized diarrheic foals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of detection of infectious agents in a population of hospitalized foals with diarrhea and to determine if detection of specific pathogens is associated with age, outcome, or clinicopathologic data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and thirty-three foals < or = 10 months of age with diarrhea examined at a referral institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series. Each foal was examined for Salmonella spp., viruses, Clostridium difficile toxins, Clostridium perfringens culture, C. perfringens enterotoxin, Cryptosporidium spp., and metazoan parasites in feces collected at admission or at the onset of diarrhea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At least 1 infectious agent was detected in 122 foals (55%). Rotavirus was most frequently detected (20%) followed by C. perfringens (18%), Salmonella spp. (12%), and C. difficile (5%). Foals < 1 month of age were significantly more likely to be positive for C. perfringens (odds ratio [OR] = 15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.5-66) or to have negative fecal diagnostic results (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.7-5.2) than older foals. Foals > 1 month of age were significantly more likely to have Salmonella spp. (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.2-6.0), rotavirus (OR = 13.3, 95% CI = 5.3-33), and parasites (OR = 23, 95% CI = 3.1-185) detected compared with younger foals. Overall 191 of the 223 foals (87%) survived. The type of infectious agent identified in the feces or bacteremia was not significantly associated with survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the population studied, foals with diarrhea had a good prognosis regardless of which infectious agent was identified in the feces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giguère
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D006736:Horses; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary