title: Does the gestation age of newborn babies influence the ultrasonic assessment of hip condition?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasound represents a method of examination of hips of newborn babies capable of defining hip condition and distinguishing stable and unstable hips based on morphological elements. It is accepted in a large number of countries as a method of examination of high risk newborns, or as a method of systematic screening.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate correlation between ultrasonically estimated hip maturity and respective gestation maturity both in premature and term-born babies, and to investigate the influence of different delivery types on hips condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study 2045 patients, 1141 males and 904 females, were examined in at the Institute of Neonatology over a period of 5 years. The average age was 34.04 gestation weeks. There were significantly more premature (1698 or 83.03%) than term-born babies (347 or 16.97%). Ultrasound hip examination, as a screening method, was carried out according to Graf. It was followed by clinical examination. Results were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods (chi2-test, one-way ANOVA, multifactor ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall frequency of unstable hips was 3.2%, 1.88% in males and 4.87% in females (p<0.05). 96.8% babies had stable hips, out of which 35.21% were mature and 61.59% immature. In the study of the breech presentation, out of 183 babies, unstable hips were found in 1.58% of male cases, and in 10.23% of female cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip is insufficient for early diagnosis and decision about the treatment of premature babies. The high frequency of unstable hip type IIc (risky) and IId (decentralized) in premature babies requires early diagnosis and therapy. Wide swaddling for prematures should be applied up to eight months of age. Gentle manipulation is necessary while nursing and conducting physiotherapy of a premature baby.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neonatology, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Slavica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simić
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vukasinović
authors.forename: Janko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samardzić
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pejcić
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lukavac-Tesin
authors.forename: Dusko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spasovski
authors.forename: Niveska
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bozinović-Prekajski
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D014463:Ultrasonography