title: Immunisation practices in infants born prematurely: neonatologists' survey and clinical audit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine Australian neonatologists' recommendations for the immunisation of ex-preterm infants and compare their actual immunisation status with recommended Australian guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-administered nine-part questionnaire of current immunisation practices was sent to all Neonatologists in Australia (2006). A complementary retrospective immunisation audit was conducted in two tertiary neonatal units in Melbourne. Hospital records and the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) were reviewed; consenting parents were interviewed and primary care physicians' vaccination records were requested. A random sample of preterm infants born between July 2003 and June 2005 at <32 weeks' gestation were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (i) Neonatologists Survey: The response rate was 68% and the majority of neonatologists (89%) were aware of the current guidelines, but adherence to them varied from 43% to 79%. One-fifth of neonatologists personally do not receive annual influenza vaccination; and (ii) Immunisation Audit: Conducted between October 2006-May 2007 it included: 100 hospital records; 97 ACIR records; 47 parent interviews and 43 primary care vaccination records. Overall vaccination coverage was 90% at 12 months of age. Only 20% (10/50) of infants with chronic lung disease received an influenza vaccination. Vaccines were delayed by greater than one month in 15% of participants for the 2 month DTPa vaccine and 43% at 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The neonatologists survey highlighted variable adherence with immunisation guidelines. The audit confirmed preterm infants are frequently experiencing delayed vaccination and recommended additional vaccinations are often not being received. Formulation of strategies to ensure complete and timely immunisation are required, including better utilisation of the ACIR.
authors.affiliation: National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Child and Adolescent Immunisation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), Parkville, Victoria, Australia. nigel.crawford@rch.org.au
authors.forename: Nigel W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Rod W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barfield
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gelbart
authors.forename: Jim P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Buttery
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009359:Neonatology / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data