title: Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms associated with self-reported sleep quality in nonmedicated adults with ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Individuals with ADHD often report sleep problems. Though most studies on ADHD and sleep examined children or nonclinically diagnosed adults, the present study specifically examines nonmedicated adults with ADHD to determine whether inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are associated with sleep problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 22 nonmedicated adults diagnosed with ADHD are assessed with a DSM-IV-based interview and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of hyperactive-impulsive symptoms indicate a positive correlation with sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, and global PSQI score. No significant associations are found between inattentive symptoms and sleep quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that sleep problems are associated with hyperactive and impulsive symptoms in nonmedicated adults with ADHD. These findings provide information on the nature of sleep problems without the confounding effects of medication associated with ADHD. Treatment of sleep problems, especially in those with hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, may help ameliorate ADHD symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, CA 92612, USA.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: Nuong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wigal
authors.forename: Jean-G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gehricke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires