title: The effect of temperature on hospital admissions in nine California counties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the association between mean daily apparent temperature and hospital admissions for several diseases in nine California counties from May to September, 1999 to 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study limited to cases with residential zip codes located within 10 km of a temperature monitor. County-specific estimates were combined, using a random effects meta-analysis. The analyses also considered the effects of ozone and particulate matter (PM(2.5)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that a 10 degrees F increase in mean apparent temperature was associated with a 3.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-5.6] increase in ischemic stroke and increases in several other disease-specific outcomes including all respiratory diseases (2.0%, 95% CI 0.7-3.2), pneumonia (3.7%, 95% CI 1.7-3.7), dehydration (10.8%, 95% CI 8.3-13.6), diabetes (3.1%, 95% CI 0.4-5.9), and acute renal failure (7.4%, 95% CI 4.0-10.9). There was little evidence that the temperature effects we found were due to confounding by either PM(2.5) or ozone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that increases in ambient temperature have important public health impacts on morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. sgreen@oehha.ca.gov
authors.forename: Rochelle S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Rupa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malig
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Broadwin
authors.forename: Janice J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ostro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019992:Databases as Topic; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000639:trends*; D055815:Young Adult