title: Pulmonary hypertension in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing renal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) has been reported to occur in a considerable proportion of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is a progressive condition of the pulmonary circulation that poses prognostic importance. In this study, we sought to investigate the prevalence and the predictors of PHT among ESRD patients undergoing renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the records, clinical and demographic data as well as laboratory results of 500 adult patients who underwent renal transplantation at our institution. A comprehensive Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in all patients as part of the preoperative assessment. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) was calculated using Bernoulli equation; a value of >30 mm Hg was accepted as PHT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the study population was 31.6 +/- 10.2 years. The mean duration of dialysis was 40 months; 432 patients (86.4%) were on hemodialysis (HD) and 68 (13.6%) on peritoneal dialysis (PD). PHT was detected in 85 (17%) patients with a mean SPAP of 46.7 +/- 8.7 mm Hg (range = 35-75 mm Hg). The mean age, sex, and laboratory variables were similar between patients with versus without PHT (P > .05 for all). The mean duration of dialysis therapy was longer in the PHT group than those subjects with normal SPAP (50.8 vs 38.5 months; P = .008). Concerning the type of dialysis, the ratio of patients having PHT was higher in the HD compared with the PD group (18.8% vs 5.9%; P = .008). The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary artery disease, asthma, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus did not differ between patients with versus without PHT (P > .05 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study revealed that PHT was a common clinical condition among patients with ESRD evaluated for renal transplantation. The time on renal replacement therapy particularly HD as the treatment was associated with greater prevalences. Since it may be of prognostic importance in patients undergoing renal transplantation, a careful preoperative assessment including a comprehensive Doppler echocardiographic examination is needed to identify PHT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Disease, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. serifesb@gmail.com
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bozbas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akcay
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Altin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bozbas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karacaglar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanyilmaz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sayin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muderrisoglu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haberal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000601:surgery; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult