title: Men older than 70 years have higher risk prostate cancer and poorer survival in the early and late prostate specific antigen eras.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We clarified whether men older than 70 years have a higher risk of prostate cancer and poorer survival in the early and late prostate specific antigen eras.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 4,561 men who underwent radical prostatectomy were stratified into 3 age groups (younger than 60, 60 to 70 and older than 70 years), and early and late prostate specific antigen eras based on the year of surgery (before 2000 and 2000 or later). Race, body mass index, prostate specific antigen, prostate weight, tumor volume, pathological Gleason sum, pathological tumor stage, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion and surgical margin status were submitted for univariate and multivariable analyses against the previously mentioned groups. Survivals (prostate specific antigen recurrence, distant metastasis and disease specific death) were compared among the 3 age groups using univariate and multivariable methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with younger age groups (younger than 60, 60 to 70 years) men older than 70 years had a higher proportion of pathological tumor stage 3/4 (33.0 vs 44.3 vs 52.1%, p <0.001), pathological Gleason sum greater than 7 (9.5% vs 13.4% vs 17.2%, p <0.001) and larger tumor volume (3.7 vs 4.7 vs 5.2 cc, p <0.001). Pathological Gleason sum in men older than 70 years did not differ between the early and late prostate specific antigen eras (p = 0.071). Men older than 70 years had a higher risk of prostate specific antigen recurrence, distant metastasis and disease specific death on univariate (p <0.05) but not multivariable analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men older than 70 years had higher risk disease and poorer survival in the early and late prostate specific antigen eras. Pathological Gleason sums did not change between the 2 eras. Patient age was an important variable in prostate specific antigen screening, biopsy, treatment and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Prostate Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Arthur A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Caire
authors.forename: Cary N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Polascik
authors.forename: Kelly E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: Danielle A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stackhouse
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Lack
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Albala
authors.forename: Judd W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moul
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen