title: Viral and bacterial contamination in recreational waters: a case study in the Lisbon bay area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the presence of viral pathogens in bathing water samples and to evaluate the interdependency of bacterial indicator counts and viral detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bathing water samples of 16 beaches collected along a Portuguese Coastal area were screened for the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and norovirus genogroup I (NVGI) using RT-PCR technique. Bacteriological water quality was also assessed, according to European regulations. HAV and NVGI were detected in 95% and 27% of the water samples, respectively, whereas bacteriological quality was good in all but one sample, according to current water quality regulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All water samples would be considered of excellent quality according to the most recent European regulations. No relationship between viral detection and regulatory-based bacterial indicators was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results reinforce the importance of increased surveillance for pathogenic viruses in bathing waters.
authors.affiliation:  Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Estrada Octávio Pato, Rio de Mouro, Portugal.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation:  BIOALVO SA, Edifício ICAT, Campus da FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation:  Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Estrada Octávio Pato, Rio de Mouro, Portugal.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation:  Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Estrada Octávio Pato, Rio de Mouro, Portugal.
authors.forename: A T S
authors.initials: ATS
authors.lastname: Granja
authors.affiliation:  Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Estrada Octávio Pato, Rio de Mouro, Portugal.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vale
authors.affiliation:  Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Estrada Octávio Pato, Rio de Mouro, Portugal.
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Vale
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001493:Bathing Beaches; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D030041:Hepatitis A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D029322:Norovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011174:Portugal; D012367:RNA, Viral; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014873:Water Pollutants