title: What is the relevance of systematic aorto-femoral Doppler ultrasound in the preoperative assessment of patients awaiting first kidney transplantation: a monocentric prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of our study was to study the relevance of a systematic aorto-femoral colour Doppler ultrasound (DUS) in the evaluation of first renal transplant receivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 100 consecutive first renal transplant (RT) receivers. All patients had a preoperative physical examination with a careful vascular system evaluation including assessment of risk factors and colour DUS of aortic, iliac and femoral arteries. Renal transplantation was planned in the right iliac fossa with end-to-lateral vascular anastomoses. Clinical parameters, DUS results, operative and post-operative parameters at 3 months were compared according to the vascular assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 84 patients presenting with a normal preoperative physical arterial examination, 12 patients (14.3%) had an abnormal DUS, revealing atherosclerotic arteries, but no case of arterial stenosis. Among the 16 patients with abnormal physical arterial examination, 10 patients (62.5%) had abnormal DUS, including 4 cases of iliac stenosis. In 3 of the 16 patients (18.8%), DUS revealed right iliac artery stenosis requiring a modification in the surgical procedure. No additional vascular procedure was reported in the case of normal preoperative vascular examination. No technical problems during arterial anastomosis and no post-transplantation arterial complications were reported. In multivariate analysis, abnormal physical examination was the most significant risk factor of atherosclerotic infiltration in DUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The abnormality of arterial physical examination is the best clinical predictor of abnormal DUS in preoperative assessment of renal transplant receivers. However, the low sensitivity and positive predictive value of the physical examination do not support the conclusion that DUS can be avoided in patients with normal arterial physical examination. Nevertheless, in the case of arterial physical abnormality, 'for case' DUS is critical and helps in the surgical strategy in approximately 20% of cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Paris 7 University, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ploussard
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mongiat-Artus
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meria
authors.forename: Edouard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tariel
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaudez
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Kerviler
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Legendre
authors.forename: Marie-Noelle
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Peraldi
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glotz
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Desgrandchamps
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010808:Physical Examination; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color