title: Clinical and demographic characteristics of children with urolithiasis: single-center experience from eastern Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical and demographic findings of children with urolithiasis in eastern Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 67 children with urolithiasis for clinical and laboratory data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 39.1 +/- 41.2 months. Complaints at admission were: urinary tract infection (29.9%), macroscopic hematuria (26.9%), abdominal or flank pain (19.4%), spontaneous passing of the stone (8.9%), growth and developmental delay (7.5%), and non-specific findings (8.9%). A family history of urolithiasis was positive in 50.7% of patients. Metabolic screening could be performed in 47 (70.1%) of patients due to socioeconomic problems and revealed hypercalciuria in 59.6%, infectious stone in 17%, cystinuria in 6.4%, hyperuricosuria in 10.6%, hyperoxaluria 4.3%, and hypocitruria in 2.1%. Stone analysis of patients (26.9%) revealed calcium oxalate in 38.9%, calcium phosphate in 22.2%, uric acid in 16.7%, cystine in 11.2%, struvite in 5.6% and mixed content in 5.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe early diagnosis with detailed metabolic screening and appropriate treatment and follow-up procedures and the contribution of urolithiasis to end-stage renal disease can be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey. yilmaztabel@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Yilmaz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabel
authors.forename: Ilke Mungan
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tekin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014421:Turkey; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*