title: Cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with Parkinson disease.
abstract: Parkinson disease (PD) is an already prevalent neurodegenerative disease that is poised to at least double over the next 25 years. Although best known for its characteristic movement disorder, PD is now appreciated commonly to cause cognitive impairment, including dementia, and behavioral changes. Dementia in patients with PD is consequential and has been associated with reduced quality of life, shortened survival, and increased caregiver distress. Here we review clinical presentation and progression, pathological bases, identification of genetic risk factors, development of small molecule biomarkers, and emerging treatments for cognitive impairment in patients with PD.
authors.affiliation: Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Centers of Veterans Administration, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Leverenz
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zabetian
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kathleen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Montine
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Montine
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers