title: Second-line therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer: a review of the literature and future directions.
abstract: Whereas first-line chemotherapy (CT) with single-agent gemcitabine or gemcitabine-based combinations provides a proven benefit in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC), the role of salvage CT after gemcitabine-failure is not well-established and to date no regimen has emerged as preferred in this setting. Several clinical trials have investigated the efficacy and toxicity-profile of second-line CT and indicated that selected patients may obtain significant benefit from it, also with regard to survival. However, definitive results from large randomized phase III studies are still lacking, and the evidence for clinical benefit of salvage CT is based on small phase II trials that evaluated different treatment schedules in heterogeneous populations. The main goal of this paper is reviewing this topic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. anabelencustodio@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Custodio
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puente
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sastre
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Díaz-Rubio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017671:Platinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D017671:Platinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000093542:Gemcitabine