title: [Intracameral moxifloxacin: a safe option for endophthalmitis prophylaxis? In vitro safety profile for intraocular application].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moxifloxacin (Vigamox), a 4th-generation fluoroquinolone, covers most isolates causing endophthalmitis. It is safe and effective for systemic and topical use; however, only very limited data are available on prophylactic intracameral administration to prevent endophthalmitis. This study investigated the safety of Vigamox for intracameral application in a cell-culture model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The endothelial toxicity of moxifloxacin (Vigamox) was evaluated in cultured human corneas. Primary human retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPEs), trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs), lens epithelium cells (LECs), and corneal endothelial cells (CECs) were treated with concentrations of Vigamox. Toxic effects were evaluated after 24 h (MTT assay and live-dead assay). By treating TMC, CEC, and RPE cells either with oxidative stress or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), the effects of moxifloxacin on cellular viability under conditions of inflammation were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No corneal endothelial toxicity could be detected after 30 days of treatment with moxifloxacin 500 microg/ml. Primary RPEs, TMCs, LECs, and CECs showed adverse effects on proliferation and viability only at concentrations higher than 150 microg/ml moxifloxacin. After preincubation with TNF-a, LPS, and IL-6 for 24 h and subsequent treatment with moxifloxacin at concentrations of 10-150 microg/ml for 24 h, no significant decrease in proliferation or viability was observed. H2O2 exposure did not increase cellular toxicity
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vigamox did not show significant toxicity on primary RPEs, TMCs, LECs, CECs, or human corneal endothelium at concentrations up to 150 microg/ml. The MIC90 of moxifloxacin for pathogens commonly encountered in endophthalmitis is known to be in the range of 0.25-2.5 microg/ml. Therefore, intracameral use of Vigamox at concentrations up to 150 microg/ml may be safe and effective for preventing endophthalmitis after intraocular surgery.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, München, Germany. Marcus.Kernt@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kernt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hirneiss
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Liegl
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Eibl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Kaspar
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ulbig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kampik
mesh_terms: D000867:Anterior Chamber; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D002452:Cell Count; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011804:Quinolines; D000077266:Moxifloxacin