title: Expression of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant in rat lungs by intratracheal instillation of nickel oxide nanoparticles.
abstract: Since nanoparticles easily agglomerate to form larger particles, it is important to maintain the size of their agglomerates at the nano-level to evaluate the harmful effect of the nanoparticles. We prevented agglomeration of nickel oxide nanoparticles by ultrasound diffusion and filtration, established an acute exposure model using animals, and examined inflammation and chemokine expression. The mass median diameter of nickel oxide nanoparticle agglomerates suspended in distilled water for intratracheal instillation was 26 nm (8.41 nm weighted average surface primary diameter). Male Wistar rats received intratracheal instillation of nickel oxide nanoparticles at 0.1 mg (0.33 mg/kg) or 0.2 mg (0.66 mg/kg), and were dissected 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the instillation. The control group received intratracheal instillation of distilled water. Three chemokines (cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1), CINC-2alphabeta, and CINC-3) in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by quantitative measurement of protein by ELISA. Both CINC-1 and CINC-2alphabeta concentration was elevated from day 3 to 3 months in lung tissue and from day 3 to 6 months in BALF. On the other hand, CINC-3 was elevated on day 3 in both lung tissue and BALF, and then decreased. The total cell and neutrophil counts in BALF were increased from day 3 to 3 months. In lung tissue, infiltration of mainly neutrophils and alveolar macrophages was observed from day 3 to 6 months in alveoli. These results suggest that CINC was involved in lung injury by nickel oxide nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogami
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myojo
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyabu
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kadoya
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Motoi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Todoroki
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
authors.forename: Sayumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Katsuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Shigehisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D002452:Cell Count; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D009532:Nickel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C513297:Cxcl1 protein, rat; C513294:Cxcl3 protein, rat; C009495:titanium dioxide; D009532:Nickel; C028007:nickel monoxide; D014025:Titanium