Gene-environment interaction in posttraumatic stress disorder: an update.
The authors provide a detailed review of the extant gene-environment interaction (GxE) research in the etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They begin with a discussion of why PTSD is uniquely fitting for the innovative framework of GxE methodology, followed by a review of the heritability and main effect molecular genetics studies of PTSD. Next, they discuss the six GxE investigations to date on PTSD. They end with a discussion of future directions and significance of this research, with an emphasis on the expansion of psychosocial factors that may be fitting environmental variables for inclusion in this new research area. The authors posit that GxE research is vital to elucidating risk and resilience following exposure to a potentially traumatic event.
Koenen
Karestan C
KC
Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. kkoenen@hsph.harvard.edu
Amstadter
Ananda B
AB
Nugent
Nicole R
NR
D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D055867:Cyclonic Storms; D004190:Disasters; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015995:Prevalence; D020710:RGS Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012931:Social Environment; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000099159:Tacrolimus Binding Protein 5
D020710:RGS Proteins; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins; D000099159:Tacrolimus Binding Protein 5; C087182:RGS2 protein, human; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human