title: IL-33 promotes DC development in BM culture by triggering GM-CSF production.
abstract: Short-term DC cultures generated with GM-CSF and other cytokines have markedly improved our ability to study the immunobiology of DC. Here, we tested 65 cytokines individually for their potential to promote the generation of CD11c+ cells in a murine BM culture system. In addition to several cytokines known to promote DC survival and/or growth, IL-33 was found to augment DC development time- and dose-dependently. Although the resulting CD11c+ cells generated in the presence of IL-33 exhibited a typical dendritic morphology, they expressed MHC class II molecules only at modest levels, showed negligible responses to TLR ligands, produced no detectable IL-12 p70, displayed PD-L1 and PD-L2 on the surface, and failed to activate immunologically naïve T cells efficiently. IL-33-induced expansion of CD11c+ cells was completely blocked by anti-GM-CSF mAb, and GM-CSF mRNA and protein expression in BM culture was markedly elevated by added IL-33, indicating that IL-33 promotes in vitro DC generation indirectly by a GM-CSF-dependent manner. With regard to the cellular source, IL-33-dependent GM-CSF production was observed exclusively within the CD45+/FcepsilonRI+ BM population. Not only do our results reinforce the notion that GM-CSF serves as a primary DC growth factor, but they also reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism supporting DC development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614-5806, USA.
authors.forename: Nobuyasu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mayuzumi
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takashima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D039521:CD11c Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D039521:CD11c Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; C506535:Il33 protein, mouse; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor