title: Poor to modest agreement between rheumatoid arthritis response measures in clinical practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the agreement among several rheumatoid arthritis (RA) response measures in a clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  529 patients with RA were seen at 2 regular visits where the following response measures were determined: ACR-20, EULAR good or moderate (EULAR-GM), Simplified Disease Activity Index moderate (SDAI-M), Clinical DAI moderate (CDAI-M), and Patient Reported Outcomes Index-M 20 (PRO-IM-20). Each measure was modified to include a "worse" response, i.e. the inverse of the respective guidelines for a positive improvement response.Introduced for comparison was the Real-time Assessment of Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RADARA), a response measure that registers improvement if the patient's tender and swollen joint counts and HAQ score all improve and worsening if all three increase. Contingency tables comparing the three responses (worse, no change, and improvement) along with Cohen's kappa were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) baseline characteristics of the patients included: age 66.5 (10.7) years, RA duration 12.9 (11.0) years, 91.3% male, 84.1% rheumatoid factor positive, and a Disease Activity Score-28 of 3.5 (1.3). The percentage of patients who improved/worsened were as follows: ACR-20 4.7/9.1, EULAR-GM 23.4/26.3, SDAI-M 16.1/20.6, CDAI-M 16.3/20.0, PRO-IM-20 22.5/34.4, and RADARA 7.0/11.5. Agreement (kappa) was poor to slight (</= 0.4) between most of the response measures with the exception of RADARA/ACR-20 which showed substantial agreement (0.67) and SDAI/EULAR-GM and CDAI/EULAR-GM, which showed moderate agreement (0.54 and 0.52, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RA response measures can be made more informative by the addition of a "worse" response, although even in this case the agreement in the clinic setting is primarily poor to moderate.
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center and Nebraska Arthritis Outcomes Research Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. kmichaud@unmc.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Mikuls
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Call
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Reimold
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hooker
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caplan
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Cannon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents