title: Association between problem gambling and conduct disorder in a national survey of adolescents and young adults in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this analysis is to examine the relationship between current problem gambling and current conduct disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed for a U.S. national survey of respondents aged 14-21 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A strong co-morbidity between current problem gambling and current conduct disorder was found. However, this co-morbidity was much stronger among younger respondents, declined in strength with increasing age, and was absent among the oldest respondents. Further analyses showed that early-onset problem gamblers had a higher risk for conduct disorder than late-onset problem gamblers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gambling problems that emerge early are likely to be part of a general pattern of problem behavior, whereas gambling problems that emerge later may have an etiology unique to gambling.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA. welte@ria.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Welte
authors.forename: Grace M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Marie-Cecile O
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tidwell
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult