title: An observational real-time study to analyze junior physicians' working hours in the field of gastroenterology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, data from questionnaires have demonstrated increasing criticism from junior physicians regarding their work conditions. Ideally, such subjective statements should be compared to accurate objective data regarding workload. However, such data is not available in the research literature. Therefore the aim of the current study is to deliver exact data about physicians' work in different gastroenterology departments to analyze and to optimize work routines.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational real-time study was conducted by shadowing 21 gastroenterologists individually during weekday shifts at three hospitals in urban German settings. A total of 585 hours of observations were recorded by using an ultra mobile computer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The observation results have shown that a gastroenterologist's working day lasted on an average 9 hours 16 min (SD = 1:11:18 h). The following amount of time was given to varying tasks within this time period: 30.21 % for meetings (SD = 8.54 %), 13.42 % for documentation duties (SD = 7.74 %), 15.53 % for indirect patient care (SD = 6.32 %), 7.98 % for hospital admissions and ward rounds (SD = 5.49 %). Doctor patient communication was restricted to 4.05 % of the working day (SD = 2.71 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first real time analysis on how hospital gastroenterologists spend their working hours. Some of the problems with work routine reported by the doctors themselves were partly confirmed. With regard to the study results a rearrangement of job tasks coupled with technological solutions may prove helpful in reducing the burden on gastroenterologists and thereby improving the quality of medical care.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University, Germany. stefanie.mache@charite.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mache
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernburg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scutaru
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quarcoo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Welte
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Klapp
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Groneberg
mesh_terms: D003199:Computer Systems; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005858:Germany; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*