title: Nutrient intakes during diets including unkilned and large amounts of oats in celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have shown earlier that consumption of moderate amount of oats improve intakes of vitamin B(1), fiber, magnesium and iron in celiac patients using gluten-free diet (GFD). The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of high amount of both kilned and unkilned oats on food and nutrient intakes in celiac patients in remission. Kilning as an industrial heating process is performed to preserve the main properties of oats and to lengthen its useableness. Kilning may, however, change the protein structure of oats and therefore influence on the intake of nutrients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 13 men and 18 women with celiac disease in remission. The patients who were earlier using moderate amount of oats as part of their GFD were randomized to consume kilned or unkilned oats. After 6 months, the patients changed the treatment groups. The goal of daily intake of oats was 100 g. Food records and frequency questionnaire were used to follow nutrient intakes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type of oats did not affect the amount of oats used. In the group using kilned oats, the intake of vitamin B1 and magnesium and in the group of unkilned oats that of magnesium and zinc increased significantly during the first 6 months (P<or=0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  :Large amounts of oats, both kilned and unkilned in GFD, can increase intakes of nutrients in celiac patients in remission. Oats improve the nutritional value of GFD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. tarja.kemppainen@pp2.inet.fi
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kemppainen
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Heikkinen
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ristikankare
authors.forename: V-M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kosma
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Julkunen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018554:Avena / Q000737:chemistry; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D028321:Plant Preparations