title: Differences in the inflammatory plasma cytokine response following two elite female soccer games separated by a 72-h recovery.
abstract: We investigated changes in a large battery of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in elite female soccer players following two 90-min games separated by a 72-h active or passive recovery. Blood samples were taken from 10 players before, within 15-20 min, 21, 45 and 69 h after the first game and within 15-20 min after the second game. The leukocyte count was analyzed, together with several plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, using a multiplex bead array system. After the first and second game, the total leukocytes and neutrophils increased significantly. Likewise, increases (P<0.05) in pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ), IL-17], chemokines [monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8 and monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG)], anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-10, IL-13, INF-α) and the mixed cytokine IL-6 were observed. Leukocyte and cytokine levels were normalized within 21 h. Active recovery (low-intensity exercises) did not affect the cytokine responses. A dampened cytokine response was observed after the second game as only IL-12, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-8 and MIG increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, a robust pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response occurs after the first but not the second soccer game. The implications of the dampened cytokine response in female players after the second game are unknown.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. helena.andersson@oru.se
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bøhn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raastad
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blomhoff
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators