title: Expression of VEGF, EGFR, and IL-6 in gastric adenomas and adenocarcinomas by endoscopic submucosal dissection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The degree of intratumoral microvascular density is thought to affect tumor metastasis and prognosis in various human cancers, including gastric cancer. Despite recent medical advancements, gastric adenoma or adenocarcinoma remains a considerable therapeutic challenge. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a more recent approach that is now commonly used for radical resection of gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are related to the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. However, the expression of these factors in gastric adenoma/adenocarcinoma following ESD has not been clearly evaluated. Here, we report on our study of the expression of VEGF, EGFR, and IL-6 by immunohistochemical staining in extracted tissue from adenoma or adenocarcinoma of the stomach by ESD and subsequent evaluation of the correlation of VEGF, EGFR, and IL-6 with other clinicopathological parameters. The patient cohort consisted of 102 patients with adenoma or adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemical staining for VEGF and IL-6 was significantly higher in both high grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma than in low grade dysplasia (P < 0.05). There was significant correlation between histological grade and intensity of immunohistochemical staining of VEGF (P = 0.039). Histological differentiation of adenocarcinoma was related to IL-6 expression (P = 0.028). The immunoreactivity of VEGF and IL-6 increased significantly in lesions >2 cm compared to lesions <2 cm (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immunohistochemical expression of IL-6 and VEGF can be considered to be useful for clinical diagnosis and follow-up of adenoma or adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Shin-Ae
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seok-Reyol
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jin-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jong-Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Myung-Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Sang Ock
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min-Chan
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015850:Interleukin-6; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D066246:ErbB Receptors