title: Two-phase (acidogenic-methanogenic) anaerobic thermophilic/mesophilic digestion system for producing Class A biosolids from municipal sludge.
abstract: Two different arrangements of two-phase anaerobic sludge systems were operated treating a mixture of primary and secondary sludge. Two steady state periods were evaluated: the first acidogenic thermophilic phase was operated at hydraulic retention times of 3 and 2 days and the second methanogenic (mesophilic and thermophilic) phases at 13 and 10 days. The two-phase systems had an efficient removal of pathogens and parasites, achieving values lower than those specified for Class A biosolids, according to the Mexican Standard NOM-004-SEMARNAT-2002. The first thermophilic phase achieved almost complete destruction of pathogens and parasites by itself. During the second steady state period, volatile fatty acids accumulated in the second methanogenic phases (HRT of 10 days and an organic load of 3 kg VS/m(3)d) indicating that the systems were overloaded, mainly the mesophilic digester. In this case, the accumulation of propionic acid may be related to a deficiency of micronutrients. The results show that the two-phase thermophilic/mesophilic anaerobic sludge digestion may be considered as an adequate option for the production of Class A biosolids.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación Bioprocesos Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rubio-Loza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noyola
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006376:Helminths / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D012722:Sewage; D008697:Methane