title: Digital subtraction angiography-guided percutaneous transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of varicocele: a novel tracking technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to describe a new tracking technique for using sclerosing foam with radiologic guidance. Thirty-nine men with varicocele underwent transcatheter foam sclerotherapy. Sclerosing foam was produced by the Tessari technique using 5% sodium morrhuate solution, and foam sclerotherapy was performed by the new tracking technique, the filling-defects technique, under digital subtraction angiography (DSA) guidance using a step-by-step process consisting of spermatic phlebography, injection of sclerosing foam as a negative radiographic contrast material, and rinse of the catheter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DSA-guided filling-defects technique is a feasible method for tracking the sclerosing foam and should be used in the treatment of other venous disorders when using sclerosing foam with radiologic guidance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xin-Qiao
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Yan-Hao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D005740:Gases / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014646:Varicocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions