title: Baseline assessment of intensive care-acquired nosocomial infection surveillancein three adult intensive care units in Malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nosocomial infections (NIs) have a serious impact on patient outcomes in Intensive Care Units (ICUs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort-targeted comprehensive surveillance study on NI associated with usage of devices was conducted in three ICUs in Malaysia using a developed NI surveillance form. Patients who developed infection outside an ICU were excluded from the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The device associated NI was 21.1%. The mean duration for development of NI was 10.0 +/- 7.44 days in ICU. The major device-associated infections were nosocomial pneumonia (18.7%) followed by bacteremia (8.5%) and urinary tract infections (4.7%) respectively. NI incidence density rate was 20.6 per 1,000 patient-days. Bacteremia, urinary tract infection (UTI) and nosocomial pneumonia (NP) rates were 8.9, 4.7 and 20.5 per 1,000 patient-days, respectively. Acinetobacter species, Klebseilla pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were the predominant pathogens isolated from the NIs subjects during the study period in the three ICUs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of the rate of the NIs associated with usage of devices in the three ICUs showed that it is highly correlated with the use of mechanical ventilation devices, followed by intravascular devices and usage of indwelling urinary catheters.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. supa0026@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Supaletchimi Gopal
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Katherason
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naing
authors.forename: Kamaruddin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaalam
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003625:Data Collection; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies