title: Early and late increased bleeding rates after angioplasty and stenting due to combined antiplatelet and anticoagulanttherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess major bleeding complications in patients after coronary stenting who are on dual antiplatelet drugs with or without oral anticoagulants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bleeding complications necessitating hospital admission were prospectively recorded during initial hospitalisation and during a complete follow-up of three years in 813 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery stenting. All patients were assigned to antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel for at least six months and continued aspirin use thereafter. There were 25 early bleedings and 26 late hospital admissions for bleeding. Forty-four patients (5.4%) were on oral anticoagulants (coumadin) in addition to antiplatelet agents. The rate of late severe bleeding was 6.1% per year with, vs. 0.8% without coumadin (p <0.0001). In multivariate analyses GPIIb/IIIa (OR 3.8 95%-CI 1.6-8.8, p=0.002), female gender (=R 2.5, 95%CI 1.1-5.8, p=0.04) and age (OR 1.44 per decade, 95%CI 0.99-2.08, p=0.05) were independent predictors of early bleeding; and LVEF (OR 0.65 per 10% increase, 95%CI 0.48-0.87, p=0.004), history of malignancy (OR 5.1, 95%CI 1.5-17.0, p=0.009) and coumadin use (OR 3.5,95%CI 1.1-11.5, p=0.04) for late bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients on oral anticoagulants, drug eluting stents necessitating sustained dual antiplatelet therapy should be used with caution. Specific risk factors for bleeding complications should guide anticoagulation after PCI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hälg
authors.forename: Hans Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Brunner-La Rocca
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Raban
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jeger
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osswald
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfisterer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017741:Survivors; D013997:Time Factors; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014859:Warfarin