title: Chronic administration of troxerutin protects mouse brain against D-galactose-induced impairment of cholinergic system.
abstract: Previous evidence showed that administration of d-galactose (d-gal) increased ROS production and resulted in impairment of cholinergic system. Troxerutin, a natural bioflavonoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of troxerutin against d-gal-induced impairment of cholinergic system, and explored the potential mechanism of its action. Our results displayed that troxerutin administration significantly improved behavioral performance of d-gal-treated mice in step-through test and morris water maze task. One of the potential mechanisms of this action was decreased AGEs, ROS and protein carbonyl levels in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and front cortex of d-gal-treated mice. Furthermore, our results also showed that troxerutin significantly inhibited cholinesterase (AchE) activity, increased the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 (nAchRalpha7) and enhanced interactions between nAchRalpha7 and either postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors subunit 1 (NMDAR1) in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and front cortex of d-gal-treated mice, which could help restore impairment of brain function.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Dong-Mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yuan-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Zi-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Shao-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Yong-Jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000076122:Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D051528:Guanylate Kinases; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006896:Hydroxyethylrutoside / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
chemical_list: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000076122:Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; D005690:Galactose; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D051528:Guanylate Kinases; D006896:Hydroxyethylrutoside; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; C579166:Chrna7 protein, mouse; C501447:Dlg4 protein, mouse; C005865:troxerutin