title: Prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance: the European Diabetes Prevention RCT in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes prevalence is increasing. The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) showed a 58% reduction in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) incidence in adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The European Diabetes Prevention Study (EDIPS) extends the DPS to different European populations, using the same study design. In the Newcastle arm of this study (EDIPS-Newcastle), we tested the hypothesis that T2D can be prevented by lifestyle intervention and explored secondary outcomes in relation to diabetes incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 102 participants (42 men and 60 women, mean age 57 years, mean BMI 34 kgm-2) with IGT to EDIPS-Newcastle and randomised to Intervention and usual care Control groups. The intervention included individual motivational interviewing aimed at: weight reduction, increase in physical activity, fibre and carbohydrate intake and reduction of fat intake (secondary outcomes). The primary outcome was diagnosis of T2D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean duration of follow-up was 3.1 years. T2D was diagnosed in 16 participants (I = 5, C = 11). Absolute incidence of T2D was 32.7 per 1000 person-years in the Intervention-group and 67.1 per 1000 person-years in the Control-group. The overall incidence of diabetes was reduced by 55% in the Intervention-group, compared with the Control-group: RR 0.45 (95%CI 0.2 to 1.2).Explanatory survival analysis of secondary outcomes showed that those who sustained beneficial changes for two or more years reduced their risk of developing T2D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results are consistent with other diabetes prevention trials. This study was designed as part of a larger study and although the sample size limits statistical significance, the results contribute to the evidence that T2D can be prevented by lifestyle changes in adults with IGT. In explanatory analysis small sustained beneficial changes in weight, physical activity or dietary factors were associated with reduction in T2D incidence.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry (ISRCTN) Registry number: ISRCTN15670600. (http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/search.html?srch=15670600&sort=3&dir=desc&max=10).
authors.affiliation: Public Health Research Programme, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. l.d.penn@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Penn
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oldroyd
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: K George M M
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mathers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000628:therapy*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy; D006113:United Kingdom