title: The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It remains largely unclear, firstly whether short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) is an effective treatment for depression, and secondly, which study, participant, or intervention characteristics may moderate treatment effects. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of STPP for depression and to identify treatment moderators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a thorough literature search, 23 studies totaling 1365 subjects were included. STPP was found to be significantly more effective than control conditions at post-treatment (d=0.69). STPP pre-treatment to post-treatment changes in depression level were large (d=1.34), and these changes were maintained until 1-year follow-up. Compared to other psychotherapies, a small but significant effect size (d=-0.30) was found, indicating the superiority of other treatments immediately post-treatment, but no significant differences were found at 3-month (d=-0.05) and 12-month (d=-0.29) follow-up. Studies employing STPP in groups (d=0.83) found significantly lower pre-treatment to post-treatment effect sizes than studies using an individual format (d=1.48). Supportive and expressive STPP modes were found to be equally efficacious (d=1.36 and d=1.30, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found clear indications that STPP is effective in the treatment of depression in adults. Although more high-quality RCTs are necessary to assess the efficacy of the STPP variants, the current findings add to the evidence-base of STPP for depression.
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Department of Clinical Psychology, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. e.driessen@psy.vu.nl
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: Pim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cuijpers
authors.forename: Saskia C M
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: de Maat
authors.forename: Allan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abbass
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Jonghe
authors.forename: Jack J M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome