title: HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: survival and prognostic factors in the modern therapeutic era.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine baseline characteristics and outcome, and to determine variables affecting survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with HIV infection (PAH-HIV) in the modern era of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and specific PAH therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of data from PAH-HIV patients without other associated risk factors for PAH, and comparison with previous series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were reviewed for 77 consecutive patients treated at the French Reference Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension between October 2000 and January 2008. Results were expressed as median [1st-3rd quartile] values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At diagnosis of PAH, 81% patients were on HAART, 79% had a CD4+ count more than 200 cells/microl and 49% had undetectable HIV load. New York Heart Association functional class assessment was II (22%), III (69%), and IV (9%). Six-minute walk distance (6MWD) was 375 [288-421] m, and pulmonary vascular resistance was 689 [524-852] dyn s/cm(5). All patients received HAART irrespective of HIV disease stage. Specific PAH therapy was started in 50 patients and led to improvements in 6MWD and haemodynamic parameters. In patients who did not receive specific PAH therapy, 6MWD improved but haemodynamics did not change. Overall survival rate was 88% at 1 year and 72% at 3 years. On multivariate analysis, cardiac index more than 2.8 l/min per m(2) and CD4+ lymphocyte count more than 200 cells/microl were independent predictors of survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with PAH-HIV, HAART seems unable to improve haemodynamic parameters. Prognosis in PAH-HIV is mainly related to CD4+ lymphocyte count and cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de Référence de l'Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Sud 11, Clamart, France. degano.b@gmail.com
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Degano
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guillaume
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Savale
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montani
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jaïs
authors.forename: Azzedine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yaici
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Le Pavec
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Humbert
authors.forename: Gérald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonneau
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sitbon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents