title: Predictive factors for vesicoureteral reflux and prenatally diagnosed renal pelvic dilatation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to identify predictive factors for primary vesicoureteral reflux among infants with prenatally detected renal pelvic dilatation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 250 neonates were diagnosed with isolated renal pelvic dilatation between 1999 and 2008, and followed prospectively. The main event of interest was presence of moderate to severe reflux (grade III to V). Diagnostic odds ratio, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy (assessed by AUC) of fetal and postnatal renal pelvic dilatation were determined. Severity of dilatation was classified by Society for Fetal Urology grade. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify variables significantly associated with vesicoureteral reflux.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 23 patients (9.2%) had primary vesicoureteral reflux, of whom 16 had grade III to V disease. Diagnostic accuracy was 0.70 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.75) for fetal and 0.65 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.71) for postnatal renal pelvic dilatation. Combined results of fetal and postnatal renal pelvic dilatation were also assessed. When both tests less than 10 mm were considered negative indicators of moderate to severe vesicoureteral reflux sensitivity increased to 97% and diagnostic odds ratio to 19.1. After adjustment by logistic regression only Society for Fetal Urology grade greater than I and ureteral dilatation were variables independently associated with grade III to V reflux.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal and postnatal renal pelvic dilatation was a poor predictor of vesicoureteral reflux. Nevertheless, diagnostic accuracy regarding clinically significant vesicoureteral reflux improved when fetal and postnatal renal pelvic dilatation less than 10 mm was considered a negative indicator of reflux.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrourology Unit and Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital das Clinicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Maria Candida F
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bouzada
authors.forename: Alamanda K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Paola S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Ana Cristina L
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: Aline P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Amaro
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*