title: Alterations in adenylate kinase activity in human PBMCs after in vitro exposure to electromagnetic field: comparison between extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF) and therapeutic application of a musically modulated electromagnetic field (TAMMEF).
abstract: This study investigated the effects of electromagnetic fields on enzymes involved in purine metabolism in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Cells were obtained from 20 volunteers. We tested both low-energy, extremely low frequency (ELF; 100-Hz) electromagnetic fields and the Therapeutic Application of Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Fields (TAMMEFs); the latter is characterized by variable frequencies, intensities, and wave shapes. Adenylate kinase activity was increased after ELF field exposure but decreased slightly after TAMMEF exposure. Neither of the two electromagnetic field affected the activities of the purine metabolism enzymes ecto-5'-nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase, and adenosine kinase. We concluded that ELF fields may influence cellular electrical charge stability; stimulation of adenylate kinase activity could restore the cell to a state of equilibrium. In contrast, TAMMEF fields may be useful for maintaining and regulating the cellular electrical charge.
authors.affiliation: TAMMEF Centre, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy. albanesea@unisi.it
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albanese
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Battisti
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vannoni
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aceto
authors.forename: Gianmichele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galassi
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giglioni
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tommassini
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giordano
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D011687:Purines / Q000378:metabolism; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D011687:Purines; D000263:Adenylate Kinase; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase