title: Therapeutic analysis in Chinese patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis over 6 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the course of therapy in a large cohort of Chinese patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP), a reversible electrolyte emergency fraught with therapeutic challenges.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective interventional study, 78 patients with TPP (75 males and three females with an age range of 16-48 years) were consecutively enrolled over a 6-year period. Intravenous KCl at a rate of 10 mmol/h was administered until muscle strength recovered. Serum potassium (K(+)) and phosphorus concentrations were measured hourly during the paralytic attack and for 6 h after recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum potassium (K(+)) on attack was 2.1+/-0.2 mmol/l. The dose of KCl administered to restore muscle strength was 63+/-32 mmol, and peak serum K(+) concentration after recovery was 5.3+/-0.5 mmol/l. A paradoxical fall in serum K(+) concentration >0.1 mmol/l difference between presentation and treatment nadir was observed in approximately one-fourth of TPP patients (n=20). These patients had significantly higher serum-free thyroxine concentration, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate on presentation, as well as serum phosphate concentration on recovery. They not only needed much more KCl supplementation (104+/-34 vs 48+/-19 mmol, P<0.001), but also had significantly more severe rebound hyperkalemia (5.8+/-0.5 vs 5.1+/-0.4 mmol/l, P<0.001) on recovery than those who did not have paradoxical hypokalemia. There was a positive correlation between the dose of KCl administered and the difference between peak and nadir serum K(+) (Delta K(+)) (r=0.68, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPP patients who do not develop paradoxical hypokalemia need a smaller KCl dose to achieve recovery, whereas those who develop paradoxical hypokalemia have more severe hyperthyroidism and hyperadrenergic activity and may require blockage of intracellular K(+) shift to prevent rebound hyperkalemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jeng-Chuan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Shiang
authors.forename: Chih-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ming-Kai
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yi-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Yu-Juei
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Sung-Sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shi-Jye
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Shih-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020514:Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010245:Paralyses, Familial Periodic / Q000188:drug therapy; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011189:Potassium Chloride; D011188:Potassium