title: Comparison of the dissolution and pharmacokinetic profiles of two galenical formulations of the endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan.
abstract: Macitentan (ACT-064992) is an orally active endothelin receptor antagonist. We first compared the in vitro dissolution characteristics of uncoated and film-coated tablets with hard gelatin capsules containing 10mg ACT-064992. Subsequently, we compared the oral pharmacokinetics of ACT-064992 and its active metabolite ACT-132577 of the coated tablet and the gelatin capsule formulation in 11 male volunteers. The dissolution profile showed a rapid disintegration of all formulations with >90% dissolution of ACT-064992 within 45 min. The pharmacokinetics of ACT-064992 and its metabolite ACT-132577 were comparable for the two formulations. ACT-064992 revealed a slow absorption (median t(max) 8h) and a terminal half-life of approximately 13 h. Bioequivalence criteria were met for AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-infinity). Mean C(max) was 19% lower after ingestion of the tablet compared to capsules with its lower 90% confidence limit below the accepted bioequivalence range. The pharmacokinetics of the metabolite ACT-132577, characterized by a t(max) of approximately 48 h and a terminal half-life of approximately 45 h, was not different between the two formulations. We conclude that the absorption profile of the tablet differs from the capsule in peak but not in total exposure, which is not expected to be of clinical significance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kummer
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haschke
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hammann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodmer
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bruderer
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Regnault
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dingemanse
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krähenbühl
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D002214:Capsules; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013607:Tablets; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D011743:Pyrimidines; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013607:Tablets; C533860:macitentan