title: Effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene on memory and other cognitive abilities: cognition in the study of tamoxifen and raloxifene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of two selective estrogen receptor modulators, tamoxifen and raloxifene, on global and domain-specific cognitive function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project's Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) study was a randomized clinical trial of tamoxifen 20 mg/d or raloxifene 60 mg/d in healthy postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer. The 1,498 women who were randomly assigned in STAR were age 65 years and older, were not diagnosed with dementia, and were enrolled onto the Cognition in the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (Co-STAR) trial, beginning 18 months after STAR enrollment started. A cognitive test battery modeled after the one used in the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging (WHISCA) was administered. Technicians were centrally trained to administer the battery and recertified every 6 months. Analyses were conducted on all participants and on 273 women who completed the first cognitive battery before they started taking their medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there were no significant differences in adjusted mean cognitive scores between the two treatment groups across visits. There were significant time effects across the three visits for some of the cognitive measures. Similar results were obtained for the subset of women with true baseline measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tamoxifen and raloxifene are associated with similar patterns of cognitive function in postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer. Future comparisons between these findings and patterns of cognitive function in hormone therapy and placebo groups in WHISCA should provide additional insights into the effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene on cognitive function in older women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. clegault@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Legault
authors.forename: Pauline M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Therese B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Bevers
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shumaker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017698:Postmenopause; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride