title: Rice cellulose synthase-like D4 is essential for normal cell-wall biosynthesis and plant growth.
abstract: Cellulose synthase-like (CSL) proteins of glycosyltransferase family 2 (GT2) are believed to be involved in the biosynthesis of cell-wall polymers. The CSL D sub-family (CSLD) is common to all plants, but the functions of CSLDs remain to be elucidated. We report here an in-depth characterization of a narrow leaf and dwarf1 (nd1) rice mutant that shows significant reduction in plant growth due to retarded cell division. Map-based cloning revealed that ND1 encodes OsCSLD4, one of five members of the CSLD sub-family in rice. OsCSLD4 is mainly expressed in tissues undergoing rapid growth. Expression of OsCSLD4 fluorescently tagged at the C- or N-terminus in rice protoplast cells or Nicotiana benthamiana leaves showed that the protein is located in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi vesicles. Golgi localization was verified using phenotype-rescued transgenic plants expressing OsCSLD4-GUS under the control of its own promoter. Two phenotype-altered tissues, culms and root tips, were used to investigate the specific wall defects. Immunological studies and monosaccharide compositional and glycosyl linkage analyses explored several wall compositional effects caused by disruption of OsCSLD4, including alterations in the structure of arabinoxylan and the content of cellulose and homogalacturonan, which are distinct in the monocot grass species Oryza sativa (rice). The inconsistent alterations in the two tissues and the observable structural defects in primary walls indicate that OsCSLD4 plays important roles in cell-wall formation and plant growth.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guangyan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jiajun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Baocai
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.forename: Zhukuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yihua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D010368:Pectins / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014990:Xylans / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014990:Xylans; D010368:Pectins; C085118:arabinoxylan; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C478648:cellulose synthase; C003181:polygalacturonic acid