title: Methotrexate for ocular inflammatory diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of treatment with methotrexate for noninfectious ocular inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with noninfectious ocular inflammation managed at 4 tertiary ocular inflammation clinics in the United States observed to add methotrexate as a single, noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive agent to their treatment regimen, between 1979 and 2007, inclusive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were identified from the Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Eye Diseases Cohort Study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, including dosage, route of administration of methotrexate, and main outcome measures, were obtained for every eye of every patient at every visit via medical record review by trained expert reviewers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Control of inflammation, corticosteroid-sparing effects, and incidence of and reason for discontinuation of therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 384 patients (639 eyes) observed from the point of addition of methotrexate to an anti-inflammatory regimen, 32.8%, 9.9%, 21.4%, 14.6%, 15.1%, and 6.3%, respectively, had anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, posterior or panuveitis, scleritis, ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid, and other forms of ocular inflammation. In these groups, complete suppression of inflammation sustained for >or=28 days was achieved within 6 months in 55.6%, 47.4%, 38.6%, 56.4%, 39.5%, and 76.7%, respectively. Corticosteroid-sparing success (sustained suppression of inflammation with prednisone <or=10 mg/d) was achieved within 6 months among 46.1%, 41.3%, 20.7%, 37.3%, 36.5%, and 50.9%, respectively. Overall, success within 12 months was 66% and 58.4% for sustained control and corticosteroid sparing (<or=10 mg), respectively. Methotrexate was discontinued within 1 year by 42% of patients. It was discontinued owing to ineffectiveness in 50 patients (13%); 60 patients (16%) discontinued because of side effects, which typically were reversible with dose reduction or discontinuation. Remission was seen in 43 patients, with 7.7% remitting within 1 year of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that adding methotrexate to an anti-inflammatory regimen not involving other noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive drugs is moderately effective for management of inflammatory activity and for achieving corticosteroid-sparing objectives, although many months may be required for therapeutic success. Methotrexate was well tolerated by most patients, and seems to convey little risk of serious side effects during treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Fundus Photograph Reading Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Sapna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gangaputra
authors.forename: Craig W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Newcomb
authors.forename: Teresa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Liesegang
authors.forename: R Oktay
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Kaçmaz
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jabs
authors.forename: Grace A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Levy-Clarke
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nussenblatt
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Suhler
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.forename: C Stephen
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kempen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010390:Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015423:Scleritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014605:Uveitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008727:Methotrexate