title: Cingulate lesions presenting with epileptic spasms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the novel finding of epileptic spasms arising from a cingulate lesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe two children presenting with epileptic spasms who had lesions of the cingulate gyrus on MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both patients, the lesions involved the midcingulate cortex. Seizures were characterized by prominent motor manifestations and resembled spasms. Both patients had a complete resolution of seizures after resection of their cingulate lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cingulate seizures can present with a variety of behaviors including complex motor manifestations, vocalizations, and autonomic changes. Lesions in the midcingulate cortex can also produce epileptic spasms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Dewi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Langill
authors.forename: Ash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steinbok
authors.forename: Mary B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Connolly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome