title: Childhood emotional problems and self-perceptions predict weight gain in a longitudinal regression model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity and weight gain are correlated with psychological ill health. We predicted that childhood emotional problems and self-perceptions predict weight gain into adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on around 6,500 individuals was taken from the 1970 Birth Cohort Study. This sample was a representative sample of individuals born in the UK in one week in 1970. Body mass index was measured by a trained nurse at the age of 10 years, and self-reported at age 30 years. Childhood emotional problems were indexed using the Rutter B scale and self-report. Self-esteem was measured using the LAWSEQ questionnaire, whilst the CARALOC scale was used to measure locus of control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Controlling for childhood body mass index, parental body mass index, and social class, childhood emotional problems as measured by the Rutter scale predicted weight gain in women only (least squares regression N = 3,359; coefficient 0.004; P = 0.032). Using the same methods, childhood self-esteem predicted weight gain in both men and women (N = 6,526; coefficient 0.023; P < 0.001), although the effect was stronger in women. An external locus of control predicted weight gain in both men and women (N = 6,522; coefficient 0.022; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emotional problems, low self-esteem and an external locus of control in childhood predict weight gain into adulthood. This has important clinical implications as it highlights a direction for early intervention strategies that may contribute to efforts to combat the current obesity epidemic.
authors.affiliation: Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK. andrew.ternouth@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ternouth
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maughan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000150:complications*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*