TNF-alpha and antibodies to periodontal bacteria discriminate between Alzheimer's disease patients and normal subjects.
The associations of inflammation/immune responses with clinical presentations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. We hypothesized that TNF-alpha and elevated antibodies to periodontal bacteria would be greater in AD compared to normal controls (NL) and their combination would aid clinical diagnosis of AD. Plasma TNF-alpha and antibodies against periodontal bacteria were elevated in AD patients compared with NL and independently associated with AD. The number of positive IgG to periodontal bacteria incremented the TNF-alpha classification of clinical AD and NL. This study shows that TNF-alpha and elevated numbers of antibodies against periodontal bacteria associate with AD and contribute to the AD diagnosis.
Kamer
Angela R
AR
New York University, College of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA. ark5@nyu.edu
Craig
Ronald G
RG
Pirraglia
Elizabeth
E
Dasanayake
Ananda P
AP
Norman
Robert G
RG
Boylan
Robert J
RJ
Nehorayoff
Andrea
A
Glodzik
Lidia
L
Brys
Miroslaw
M
de Leon
Mony J
MJ
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010519:Periodontium / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
D000906:Antibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha