title: Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis in NB-4, an acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line, through up-regulation of p73 via suppression of nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inhibition of p73 transcription and prevention of NF-kappaB-mediated induction of XIAP, cIAP2, BCL-XL and survivin.
abstract: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on human acute promyelocytic leukemia NB-4 cells. Microculture tetrazolium test, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) cell proliferation assay, caspase 3 activity assay, cell-based nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) phosphorylation measurement by ELISA and real-time RT-PCR were employed to appraise the effects of ATO on metabolic activity, DNA synthesis, induction of programmed cell death and NF-kappaB activation. The suppressive effects of ATO on metabolic potential, cell proliferation and NF-kappaB activation were associated with induction of apoptosis in NB-4 cells. In addition, an expressive enhancement in mRNA levels of p73, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21), tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1), WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 2 (WNK2) and lipocalin 2 coupled with a significant reduction in transcriptional levels of NF-kappaB inhibitor beta (IKK2), Nemo, BCL2-like 1 (BCL-X(L)), inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP2), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), survivin, Bcl-2, TIP60, ataxia telangiectasia (ATM), SHP-2 and sirtuin (SIRT1) were observed. Altogether, these issues show for the first time that ATO treatment could trammel cell growth and proliferation as well as induces apoptosis in NB-4 cells through induction of transcriptional levels of p73, TP53INP1, WNK2, lipocalin 2 as well as suppression of NF-kappaB-mediated induction of BCL-X(L), cIAP2, XIAP and survivin. Furthermore, the inductionary effects of ATO on transcriptional stimulation of p73 might be through cramping the NF-kappaB module (through suppression of p65 phosphorylation as well as transcriptional hindering of IKK2, ATM and Nemo) along with diminishing the mRNA expression of TIP60, SHP-2 and SIRT1.
authors.affiliation: Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Momeny
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zakidizaji
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.forename: Ahmad R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dehpour
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahimi-Balaei
authors.forename: Yassan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abdolazimi
authors.forename: Ardeshir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghavamzadeh
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alimoghaddam
authors.forename: Seyed H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D000075747:Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000074443:Lysine Acetyltransferase 5; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000077022:Survivin; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001152:Arsenicals; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C491731:IKBKG protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010087:Oxides; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D000077022:Survivin; C429767:TP53INP1 protein, human; C000606460:TP73 protein, human; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C496866:XIAP protein, human; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C098489:KAT5 protein, human; D000074443:Lysine Acetyltransferase 5; C494832:BIRC3 protein, human; D000075747:Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C523482:WNK2 protein, human; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053148:Caspase 3; C447939:SIRT1 protein, human; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide