title: Assessing direct analysis in real-time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) for the rapid identification of additives in food packaging.
abstract: The ambient ionization technique direct analysis in real time (DART) was characterized and evaluated for the screening of food packaging for the presence of packaging additives using a benchtop mass spectrometer (MS). Approximate optimum conditions were determined for 13 common food-packaging additives, including plasticizers, anti-oxidants, colorants, grease-proofers, and ultraviolet light stabilizers. Method sensitivity and linearity were evaluated using solutions and characterized polymer samples. Additionally, the response of a model additive (di-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate) was examined across a range of sample positions, DART, and MS conditions (temperature, voltage and helium flow). Under optimal conditions, molecular ion (M+H+) was the major ion for most additives. Additive responses were highly sensitive to sample and DART source orientation, as well as to DART flow rates, temperatures, and MS inlet voltages, respectively. DART-MS response was neither consistently linear nor quantitative in this setting, and sensitivity varied by additive. All additives studied were rapidly identified in multiple food-packaging materials by DART-MS/MS, suggesting this technique can be used to screen food packaging rapidly. However, method sensitivity and quantitation requires further study and improvement.
authors.affiliation: US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20740, USA. Luke.Ackerman@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Noonan
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Begley
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis; D003257:Consumer Product Safety / Q000592:standards; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004396:Coloring Agents; D010968:Plasticizers