title: Resveratrol at high doses acts as an apoptotic inducer in endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resveratrol is a phenolic compound found in grapes and other food products. In order to assess the availability of resveratrol as an angio-inhibiting drug, we examined whether resveratrol plays an important role in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) for cell apoptosis and cell migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endothelial cell apoptosis was observed as detected by the Hoechst staining and the caspase-3 activity. Additionally, Western blotting was performed for monitoring the activities of various cell signaling molecules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resveratrol was shown to act as a pro-apoptotic agent. The pro-apoptotic effect of resveratrol was as great as that of etoposide, a well-known anti-cancer drug. In addition, resveratrol had an inhibitory effect on endothelial cell migration. The demonstrated efficacy of resveratrol suggests that resveratrol may be utilized as an anti-angiogenic drug. To determine the underlying mechanisms, we further investigated which signaling molecules are activated by resveratrol. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was activated by the treatment with resveratrol in BAECs, whereas endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS), Akt, and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were inhibited. The pretreatment with PD compound, an ERK inhibitor, had no effect on the pro-apoptosis induced by resveratrol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resveratrol plays an important role in endothelial cell apoptosis, indicating that resveratrol can be utilized as a potent anti-angiogenic drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology & the Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook Univiersity, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: In
authors.forename: Jongbong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Heonyong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park