title: Combined oral contraceptive and intrauterine device use among women with gestational trophoblastic disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women diagnosed with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) need safe and effective contraception because they are advised to delay a subsequent pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library for articles in any language on use of combined oral contraceptives (COC), copper-bearing or levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs among women with benign or malignant GTD, from database inception through November 2008. One review and nine articles were identified and evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence of postmolar trophoblastic disease was lower among COC users compared with nonusers in six studies, but higher among COC users in three studies. Five studies reported shorter human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) regression duration among COC users compared with other methods. Development of postmolar trophoblastic disease did not differ significantly among IUD users compared with COC users or nonusers in three studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence shows that postmolar trophoblastic disease risk does not increase among women using COCs or an IUD following molar pregnancy evacuation compared with use of other contraceptive methods or no method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. gaffieldm@who.int
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gaffield
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kapp
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Curtis
mesh_terms: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D031901:Gestational Trophoblastic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D011247:Pregnancy; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined