title: Implementation of and barriers to routine HIV screening for adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed and implemented a process for routine HIV screening, and we report screening practices and acceptance among adolescents at a large, urban, pediatric emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed health care providers regarding their knowledge and beliefs about HIV and generated a protocol for routine HIV screening. Free, routine, opt-out, HIV screening was offered for all adolescents (13-18 years of age) presenting for care in the ED. We studied ED HIV screening rates, rates of test acceptance among patients/ guardians, patients' reasons for opting out, and HIV prevalence. A computerized prompt in the electronic chart was introduced 5 months after initiation, to address low screening rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 118 health care providers who responded to the preimplementation survey, 78% were unaware of the revised HIV testing guidelines and 58% predicted that routine screening would fail because of patient or guardian refusal. Of the 5399 patients who qualified for routine screening, 37% (2002) were offered opt-out screening. Of those, 13% opted out. Patients offered screening were more likely than patients not offered screening to be older (> or =15 years; P.002), female (P=.003), and nonwhite (P=.006). Older patients (> or =15 years of age) who were approached for screening were less likely to opt out (P=.002). Computerized prompting improved screening rates. One of the 1735 tests (0.57 per 1000 tests) performed yielded positive results for HIV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents and their guardians accept routine, optout, HIV screening, regardless of gender or race, and a computerized reminder enhances screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. timothy.minniear@stjude.org
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Minniear
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: Sandra R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Aditya H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Gaur
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006266:Health Education; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States