title: Late-fluorescence mammography assesses tumor capillary permeability and differentiates malignant from benign lesions.
abstract: Using scanning time-domain instrumentation we recorded fluorescence projection mammograms on few breast cancer patients prior, during and after infusion of indocyanine green (ICG), while monitoring arterial ICG concentration by transcutaneous pulse densitometry. Late-fluorescence mammograms recorded after ICG had been largely cleared from the blood by the liver, showed invasive carcinomas at high contrast over a rather homogeneous background, whereas benign lesions did not produce (focused) fluorescence contrast. During infusion, tissue concentration contrast and hence fluorescence contrast is determined by intravascular contributions, whereas late-fluorescence mammograms are dominated by contributions from protein-bound ICG extravasated into the interstitium, reflecting relative microvascular permeabilities of carcinomas and normal breast tissue. We simulated intravascular and extravascular contributions to ICG tissue concentration contrast within a two-compartment unidirectional pharmacokinetic model.
authors.affiliation: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany. axel.hagen@ptb.de
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grosenick
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rinneberg
authors.forename: Susen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burock
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Warnick
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poellinger
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schlag
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000378:metabolism; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green