title: Cigarette smoke extract stimulates interleukin-8 production in human airway epithelium and is attenuated by superoxide dismutase in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) results in extensive inflammation in the upper and lower airways. Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, have been shown to be potent mediators of this inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mucosal biopsy specimens were collected from patients undergoing sinonasal surgery and were used as a source of primary epithelial cells. Human sinonasal epithelial (HSNE) cells and were isolated from sinus tissue, maintained in culture, and ultimately treated with varying concentrations of CSE with or without free superoxide dismutase (SOD). Supernatants and cell lysates were examined for the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-8. Similar experiments were performed using normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSE induces both secretion and intracellular production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 by HSNE cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, this up-regulation can be suppressed by SOD. CSE induces secretion of IL-8 in NHBEs that is also suppressed by SOD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation in the airway after CSE can be blocked by SOD in this in vitro model. The ability to attenuate CSE-induced inflammation with SOD could provide a therapeutic/preventative approach for individuals with cigarette smoke exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Alexey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vertegel
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Reukov
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schlosser
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D045424:Complex Mixtures; D016209:Interleukin-8; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase