title: Naphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione induces apoptosis and S-phase arrest of MDA-MB-231 cells through JNK and ERK signaling activation.
abstract: Naphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione (NFD), prepared from 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and chloroacetaldehyde in an efficient one-pot reaction, exhibits anti-carcinogenic effect. The results of present study showed that NFD inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells through the induction of S-phase arrest and apoptosis. NFD-induced S-phase arrest was associated with a marked decrease in the protein expression of cyclin A, cyclin B, and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)2. NFD-induced apoptosis was characterized by increase of sub-G1 population, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and activation of caspases. Moreover, up-regulation of Bad and down-regulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), and survivin led to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim), the release of cytochrome c and sequential activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. NFD activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in MDA-MB-231 cells. Inhibitors of JNK (SP600125) and ERK (PD98059), but not p38 MAPK (SB203580) suppressed NFD-induced S-phase arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Both SP600125 and PD98059 attenuated Bad up-regulation, and reversed down-regulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), survivin, cyclin A, cyclin B, and Cdk2 in NFD-treated cells. Taken together, our data show that JNK and ERK-signaling pathways play important roles in NFD-mediated S-phase arrest and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Kuei-Li
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jung-Chen
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ching-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Chih-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Yeh-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Long-Sen
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shinne-Ren
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000812:Anhydrides / Q000633:toxicity*; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D016196:S Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000812:Anhydrides; D017304:Annexin A5; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009281:Naphthalenes; C120468:1,2-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride; D045304:Cytochromes c; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020169:Caspases