title: Phenotypic indications that human sweat glands are a rich source of nestin-positive stem cell populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have recently shown that the expression of nestin, a progenitor/stem cell marker protein, is localized in different mesenchymal compartments in human skin including the sweat gland stroma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  As other exocrine glands are recognized sources of multipotent stem cell populations with potential for multilineage differentiation, it was our aim to isolate, expand and characterize glandular stem cells from human sweat glands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolation of human sweat glands was based on mechanical and enzymatic digestion of axillary skin. Cultivation was performed on collagen-coated cell culture dishes and the resulting cell population was investigated at the protein and mRNA level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outgrowing cells of isolated sweat glands showed a high-proliferation activity and were characterized by nestin expression in more than 80% of the cells. These sweat gland stem cells could be maintained in culture for long periods of time and showed spontaneous differentiation into cells representative of the different germ layers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study provides the first, simple protocol for the isolation of adult human nestin-positive stem cells from the sweat gland mesenchyme, which promises to provide an easily accessible and abundantly available, autologous source of multipotent stem cells for cell-based regenerative medicine applications.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 1-3, Lübeck 23562, Germany. anna.petschnik@emb.fraunhofer.de
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Petschnik
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Klatte
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paus
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064231:Nestin; D010641:Phenotype; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013545:Sweat Glands / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; C577484:NES protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin