title: Differentiation of first-episode schizophrenia patients from healthy controls using ROI-based multiple structural brain variables.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brain morphometric measures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have not been used to discriminate between first-episode patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance images were acquired from 34 (17 males, 17 females) first-episode schizophrenia patients and 48 (24 males, 24 females) age- and parental socio-economic status-matched healthy subjects. Twenty-nine regions of interest (ROI) were measured on 1-mm-thick coronal slices from the prefrontal and central parts of the brain. Linear discriminant function analysis was conducted using standardized z scores of the volumes of each ROI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Discriminant function analysis with cross-validation procedures revealed that brain anatomical variables correctly classified 75.6% of male subjects and 82.9% of female subjects, respectively. The results of the volumetric comparisons of each ROI between patients and controls were generally consistent with those of the previous literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of MRI-based successful classification between first-episode patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. The potential of these methods for early detection of schizophrenia should be further explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Kazue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orikabe
authors.forename: Ema
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mozue
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Masanari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itokawa
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasue
authors.forename: Kiyoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurachi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D055815:Young Adult