title: Relationship of smoking and smoking cessation with oral health status in Japanese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smoking has been associated with the number of natural teeth a person has and with the likelihood of periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between the number of teeth present and periodontal diseases with smoking habits in a cohort of Japanese men.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 1088 men, 40-75 years of age. Oral examinations were conducted in dental clinics. Information on smoking status and on oral health behavior was collected from self-administered questionnaires. The relationship between oral health status and smoking status was estimated using adjusted odds ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those whom had never smoked, the odds ratios of having more than eight missing teeth and having periodontitis, among current smokers, were 1.67 and 1.74, respectively. In those who had stopped smoking for 11 years or longer, there was no increase in the odds ratio of having more than eight missing teeth and periodontitis, compared with those whom had never smoked.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking has a positive association with missing teeth and periodontitis. However, smoking cessation is beneficial for oral health. The odds of having more than eight missing teeth, or of having periodontitis, in those who had never smoked was similar to that of individuals who reported that they had stopped smoking for 11 years or more.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: F A C
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000453:epidemiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data