title: Antibody expressing pea seeds as fodder for prevention of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in chickens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coccidiosis caused by protozoans of genus Eimeria is a chicken parasitic disease of great economical importance. Conventional disease control strategies depend on vaccination and prophylactic use of anticoccidial drugs. Alternative solution to prevent and treat coccidiosis could be provided by passive immunization using orally delivered neutralizing antibodies. We investigated the possibility to mitigate the parasitic infection by feeding poultry with antibody expressing transgenic crop seeds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the phage display antibody library, we generated a panel of anti-Eimeria scFv antibody fragments with high sporozoite-neutralizing activity. These antibodies were expressed either transiently in agrobacteria-infiltrated tobacco leaves or stably in seeds of transgenic pea plants. Comparison of the scFv antibodies purified either from tobacco leaves or from the pea seeds demonstrated no difference in their antigen-binding activity and molecular form compositions. Force-feeding experiments demonstrated that oral delivery of flour prepared from the transgenic pea seeds had higher parasite neutralizing activity in vivo than the purified antibody fragments isolated from tobacco. The pea seed content was found to protect antibodies against degradation by gastrointestinal proteases (>100-fold gain in stability). Ad libitum feeding of chickens demonstrated that the transgenic seeds were well consumed and not shunned. Furthermore, feeding poultry with shred prepared from the antibody expressing pea seeds led to significant mitigation of infection caused both by high and low challenge doses of Eimeria oocysts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that our strategy offers a general approach to control parasitic infections in production animals using cost-effective antibody expression in crop seeds affordable for the animal health market.
authors.affiliation: Novoplant GmbH, Am Schwabeplan 1b, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Isolde
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saalbach
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giersberg
authors.forename: Sigrun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haehnel
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wedel
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macek
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zoufal
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glünder
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Falkenburg
authors.forename: Sergey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kipriyanov
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D002645:Chickens / Q000469:parasitology*; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004539:Eimeria / Q000276:immunology; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000276:immunology*; D019151:Peptide Library; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000276:immunology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000276:immunology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012639:Seeds / Q000276:immunology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D019151:Peptide Library