title: Skull osteohypertrophy as a complication of bone wax.
abstract: A 51-year-old woman with bone wax-induced osteohypertrophy presented with exophthalmos 9 years after a craniotomy for a right internal carotid bifurcation aneurysm. CT scans revealed thickening of the frontotemporal bone flap and surrounding bone, thickening of the upper and lateral orbital walls, and a limited intraorbital cavity. Intraoperative findings revealed residual bone wax under the bone flap, grayish-white discoloration of the flap, and degeneration of the temporal muscle. Pathological examination revealed granulation and osteogenesis due to a foreign body. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bone wax-induced hyperostosis leading to exophthalmos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamide
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakada
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Jun-ichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamada
mesh_terms: D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010168:Palmitates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014885:Waxes / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D010168:Palmitates; D014885:Waxes; C055480:bone wax