title: Urine production and bladder diary measurements in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their relation to lower urinary tract symptoms and voiding dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish bladder diary measurements in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and their relation to bothersome LUTS and voiding dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ten women with type 2 DM were assessed using the King's Health and ICIQ-FLUTS questionnaires. Patients were divided into bothersome and non-bothersome LUTS according to bother scale of the ICIQ-FLUTS. Voiding was assessed with free flow rate and residuals. Three day bladder diary measurements were obtained and 24 hr, daytime and nighttime urine production, daytime frequency, nighttime frequency, maximum bladder capacity, mean voided volume, mean daytime and nighttime voided volumes, and incontinence episodes were recorded. Differences in bladder diary measurements between bothersome and non-bothersome groups and between normal and abnormal voiding groups were established with multivariate analysis. Correlations between urine production and voided volumes and between diary measurements and domains of the ICIQ-FLUTS were established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in urine production, between bothersome and non-bothersome LUTS groups. Women with bothersome LUTS had greater nighttime frequency (2.6 vs. 1.4) and number of incontinence episodes (3.3 vs. 0.4). Abnormal voiding group had higher nocturnal urine production (1,007 ml vs. 654 ml). There were significant correlations between nighttime frequency, number of incontinence episodes, and the storage and incontinence domains of the ICIQ-FLUTS. Bladder capacity significantly increased with increased total urine volumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bothersome LUTS in DM is not associated with increased urine production. Bladder capacity increased with total urine volume. Nocturia and incontinence episodes were significantly associated with bothersome LUTS.
authors.affiliation: Warrell Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK. amfayyad@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Abdalla M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fayyad
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Geraint
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011996:Records; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014556:Urine; D014563:Urodynamics