title: Quality assurance for clinical implementation of an electromagnetic tracking system.
abstract: The Calypso Medical 4D localization system utilizes alternating current electromagnetics for accurate, real-time tumor tracking. A quality assurance program to clinically implement this system is described here. Testing of the continuous electromagnetic tracking system (Calypso Medical Technologies, Seattle, WA) was performed using an in-house developed four-dimensional stage and a quality assurance fixture containing three radiofrequency transponders at independently measured locations. The following tests were performed to validate the Calypso system: (a) Localization and tracking accuracy, (b) system reproducibility, (c) measurement of the latency of the tracking system, and (d) measurement of transmission through the Calypso table overlay and the electromagnetic array. The translational and rotational localization accuracies were found to be within 0.01 cm and 1.0 degree, respectively. The reproducibility was within 0.1 cm. The average system latency was measured to be within 303 ms. The attenuation by the Calypso overlay was measured to be 1.0% for both 6 and 18 MV photons. The attenuations by the Calypso array were measured to be 2% and 1.5% for 6 and 18 MV photons, respectively. For oblique angles, the transmission was measured to be 3% for 6 MV, while it was 2% for 18 MV photons. A quality assurance process has been developed for the clinical implementation of an electromagnetic tracking system in radiation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. lsantanam@radonc.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santanam
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Noel
authors.forename: Twyla R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Willoughby
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esthappan
authors.forename: Sasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutic
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: Parag J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Parikh
mesh_terms: D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016014:Linear Models; D009038:Motion; D011786:Quality Control; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results