title: Pharmacokinetics of 4-aminopyridine derivatives in dogs.
abstract: Blockade of potassium channels with 4-aminopryidine (4-AP) restores conduction to demyelinated axons and improves function. Unfortunately, 4-AP causes adverse effects and its clinical effects are unpredictable and limited. Derivatives of 4-AP have been tested in models of spinal cord injury in guinea pigs; three derivatives (methyl-, ethyl- and t-butyl carbamate derivatives) showed promise. This study investigates the safety and pharmacokinetics of these derivatives in dogs. Each derivative was administered orally to dogs starting at doses below effective doses in guinea pigs, and increasing the dose on sequential days. Routine blood work was performed prior to and 24 h after drug administration, blood samples were collected at intervals over 24 h after drug administration, and dogs were monitored for side effects. Derivative plasma levels were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were taken to determine CSF levels. No adverse effects were seen even when using doses higher than those that improved conduction in spinal cord injured guinea pigs. Peak plasma levels occurred at 36.6 (ethyl), 87 (t-butyl) and 175 (methyl) min and plasma level was related to drug dose. Penetration of the central nervous system (CNS) was good, with CSF levels higher than plasma levels for the t-butyl derivative.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. natasha_olby@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Olby
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Humphrey
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spinapolice
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parke
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dise
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papich
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015761:4-Aminopyridine