title: Gastric atrophy and Helicobacter pylori infection in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of gastric atrophy (GA) in Tunisia (a high prevalence region for Helicobacter pylori), and describe its histological, clinical and endoscopic features in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  345 children, 151 male and 194 female, mean age 8.6 +/- 3.7 years, underwent upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy with gastric biopsies for recurrent abdominal pain (n=232, 67.2%), vomiting (n=72, 20%) associated with or without upper gastrointestinal bleeding (n=59, 17.1%) and miscellaneous causes (n=53, 15.4 %). Biopsies performed both in the gastric antrum (n=2) and corpus (n=2) were analysed for histological assessment according to the updated Sydney classification system and bacterial culture. A positive result was recorded where histology and/or culture were positive, confirming the presence of H. pylori infection (H. pylori +ve). A negative result was recorded when both tests were concomitantly negative (H. pylori -ve).
  
  
  RESULTS
  9.3% (32/345) of the total population, and 14.5% (32/221) of chronic gastritis patients exhibited GA, M/F: 16/16, mean age (SD) 9.4 (3.4) years. Amongst the 32 children with GA, 30 (93.7%) were H. pylori +ve and 2 (6.3%) were H. pylori -ve. GA was localised in the antrum (n=26, 81.2%), the fundus (n=2, 6.3%) and was also seen in both (n=4, 12.5%). GA was categorised as mild, grade 1 (n=18, 56.3%); moderate, grade 2 (n=13, 46.6%); and severe, grade 3 (n=1, 3.1%). GA was associated with mild active gastritis in 18 cases (56.3%). The prevalence of moderate or severe antral GA was detected in 9/26 (34.6%) of H. pylori +ve vs. any of H. pylori -ve (p=0.4), whereas GA in the corpus was detected in 1/2 (50%) vs. none, respectively. None exhibited intestinal metaplasia. There were no clinical features specific to this pathology. UGI endoscopy in GA patients showed nodular gastritis (n=17, 53.1%), congestive gastritis (n=9, 28.1%), and normal tissue (n=6, 18.8%). GA was significantly associated with H. pylori infection (p<0.0001) and nodular gastritis (p<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GA was found in 9.3% of Tunisian children undergoing UGI endoscopy and was significantly associated with H. pylori infection and nodular gastritis.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Infantile C, Hôpital d'Enfants, Bab Saadoun, 1007 Tunis Jebbari, Tunisia. aboukthir@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boukthir
authors.forename: S Mazigh
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mrad
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalach
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sammoud
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001284:Atrophy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology*; D014416:Tunisia