title: Soy-protein consumption and kidney-related biomarkers among type 2 diabetics: a crossover, randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal disease is a major problem among diabetic patients. The type of protein consumed may affect alterations in kidney-related biomarkers in these patients. This study sought to assess the effects of soy-protein consumption on renal-related markers among type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A crossover, randomized clinical trial was conducted among 14 patients (10 men and 4 women). One diet contained 0.8 g/kg protein (70% animal and 30% vegetable proteins), and a similar diet contained the same amount of protein with 35% animal protein, 35% soy protein, and 30% other vegetable proteins. These two diets were prescribed in each phase of the trial for 7 weeks. There was a 4-week washout between the two phases of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption of soy protein reduced urinary urea nitrogen (-0.9 +/- 0.8 vs. 0.2 +/- 0.6 mg/dL, respectively, SD; P < .001), proteinuria (-78 +/- 37 vs. 42 +/- 39 mg/day, respectively, SD; P < .001), blood sodium (-2 +/- 0.04 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.06 mg/dL, respectively, SD; P < .01), and serum phosphorus (-0.03 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.2 +/- 0.3 mg/dL, respectively, SD; P < .01) compared with animal protein. Serum and urinary creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum calcium, and potassium levels were not significantly changed in soy-protein versus anima-protein consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soy-protein consumption reduces proteinuria in type 2 diabetes with nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, and Food Security and Nutrition Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. azadbakht@hlth.mui.ac.ir
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Azadbakht
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaillzadeh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D010758:Phosphorus; D014508:Urea; D012964:Sodium