title: Adverse events and efficacy of TNF-alpha blockade with infliximab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: long-term follow-up of 13 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To follow-up on all available infliximab-treated SLE patients for safety and long-term efficacy in order to extract information that is useful for planning appropriate controlled trials with infliximab in SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed charts of six patients treated in an open-label safety trial and seven additional patients treated with infliximab on a compassionate care basis for uncontrolled SLE organ inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of nine patients with lupus nephritis, six had a long-term response after four infusions of infliximab in combination with AZA, lasting for up to 5 years. All five patients with lupus arthritis responded, but this response did not last for >2 months after the last infusion. One additional patient had a long-lasting improvement in SLE interstitial lung disease. No symptoms suggestive of infliximab-induced SLE flares occurred in any patients. Short-term treatment appeared relatively safe, but one patient developed deep-vein thrombosis and several infections. Under long-term therapy, two patients had life-threatening or fatal events, namely CNS lymphoma and Legionella pneumonia. Retreatment and treatment without concomitant immunosuppression led to drug reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term therapy with four infusions of infliximab in combination with AZA was relatively safe, and had remarkable long-term efficacy for lupus nephritis and, potentially, also interstitial lung disease. Long-term therapy with infliximab, however, was associated with severe adverse events in two out of three SLE patients, which may have been provoked by infliximab and/or by their long-standing refractory SLE and previous therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, University Clinical Center Carl Gustav Carus at the Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany. martin.aringer@uniklinikum-dresden.de
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aringer
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Houssiau
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Winfried B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Graninger
authors.forename: Reinhard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Voll
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: Guenter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Josef S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smolen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069285:Infliximab; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000188:drug therapy; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D001379:Azathioprine