title: Children's patterns of emotional reactivity to conflict as explanatory mechanisms in links between interpartner aggression and child physiological functioning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper examined children's fearful, sad, and angry reactivity to interparental conflict as mediators of associations between their exposure to interparental aggression and physiological functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 200 toddlers and their mothers. Assessments of interparental aggression and children's emotional reactivity were derived from maternal surveys and a semi-structured interview. Cortisol levels and cardiac indices of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity were used to assess toddler physiological functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that toddler exposure to interparental aggression was associated with greater cortisol levels and PNS activity and diminished SNS activity. Toddler angry emotional reactivity mediated associations between interparental aggression and cortisol and PNS functioning. Fearful emotional reactivity was a mediator of the link between interparental aggression and SNS functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are interpreted within conceptualizations of how exposure and reactivity to family risk organize individual differences in physiological functioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA. patrick.davies@rochester.edu
authors.forename: Patrick T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sturge-Apple
authors.forename: Dante
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cicchetti
authors.forename: Liviah G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zale
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone