Biological prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent leukemic disease of adults in the Western world. It is remarkable by an extraordinary heterogeneity of clinical course with overall survival ranging from several months to more than 15 years. Classical staging sytems by Rai and Binet, while readily available and useful for initial assessment of prognosis, are not able to determine individual patient's ongoing clinical course of CLL at the time of diagnosis, especially in early stages. Therefore, newer biological prognostic parameters are currently being clinically evaluated. Mutational status of variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes (IgVH), cytogenetic aberrations, and both intracellular ZAP-70 and surface CD38 expression are recognized as parameters with established prognostic value. Molecules regulating the process of angiogenesis are also considered as promising markers. The purpose of this review is to summarize in detail the specific role of these prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Vroblová
Vladimíra
V
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology. vroblvla@fnhk.cz
Smolej
Lukás
L
Vrbacký
Filip
F
Jankovicová
Karolina
K
Hrudková
Monika
M
Malý
Jaroslav
J
Krejsek
Jan
J
D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D050438:Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins
D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C524330:YLPM1 protein, human; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C498154:CD38 protein, human; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1