title: Clinical audit in gynecological cancer surgery: development of a risk scoring system to predict adverse events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced gynecological surgery undertaken in a specialized gynecologic oncology unit may be associated with significant perioperative morbidity. Validated risk prediction models are available for general surgical specialties but currently not for gynecological cancer surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate risk factors for adverse events (AEs) of patients treated for suspected or proven gynecological cancer and to develop a clinical risk score (RS) to predict such AEs.
  
  
  METHODS
  AEs were prospectively recorded and matched with demographical, clinical and histopathological data on 369 patients who had an abdominal or laparoscopic procedure for proven or suspected gynecological cancer at a tertiary gynecological cancer center. Stepwise multiple logistic regression was used to determine the best predictors of AEs. For the risk score (RS), the coefficients from the model were scaled using a factor of 2 and rounded to the nearest integer to derive the risk points. Sum of all the risk points form the RS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-five patients (25.8%) had at least one AE. Twenty-nine (7.9%) and 77 (20.9%) patients experienced intra- and postoperative AEs respectively with 11 patients (3.0%) experiencing both. The independent predictors for any AE were complexity of the surgical procedure, elevated SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, > or /=35 U/L), higher ASA scores and overweight. The risk score can vary from 0 to 14. The risk for developing any AE is described by the formula 100 / (1 + e((3.697 - (RS /2)))).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RS allows for quantification of the risk for AEs. Risk factors are generally not modifiable with the possible exception of obesity.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. uqskonda@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouman
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Jong
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanday
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicklin
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obermair
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D054869:Clinical Audit / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors