title: Progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia in clinic- vs community-based cohorts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mild cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as an important public health problem associated with increased risk of developing dementia. Annual conversion rates, however, vary across different studies with clinic samples showing higher rates of conversion than community-based samples.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish whether the rates of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia differed according to recruitment source and, if so, to investigate factors that might explain this discrepancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rates and predictors of conversion were examined in a prospective longitudinal study at a single center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among the participants, 46% were recruited from a clinical setting and 54% were recruited directly through community outreach.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eleven individuals with mild cognitive impairment were followed up longitudinally for an average of 2.4 years (range, 0.5-4.0 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up period, 28 individuals progressed to dementia with a mean (SD) time to conversion of 2.19 (0.72) years. The clinic sample had an annual conversion rate of 13%, whereas the community sample had an annual conversion rate of 3%. In a Cox proportional hazards model, clinic recruitment source alone was associated with an increased hazard of incident dementia (hazard ratio = 3.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-9.18; P = .01). When other variables were added to the model, only baseline functional impairment as measured by the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (and no demographic, cognitive, or neuroimaging variables or mild cognitive impairment subtype) accounted for the differences in conversion rates across the 2 cohorts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings add to the growing literature to suggest that the degree of functional impairment at baseline is an important predictor of conversion to dementia and may help explain differences in findings between epidemiological and clinic-based studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y St, Ste 3700, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. sarah.farias@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Sarah Tomaszewski
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mungas
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DeCarli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015897:Comorbidity; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors