title: Twenty-four-hour holter monitor follow-up does not provide accurate heart rhythm status after surgical atrial fibrillation ablation therapy: up to 12 months experience with a novel permanently implantable heart rhythm monitor device.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring (24HM) is commonly used to assess cardiac rhythm after surgical therapy of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, this "snapshot" documentation leaves a considerable diagnostic window and only stores short-time cardiac rhythm episodes. To improve accuracy of rhythm surveillance after surgical ablation therapy and to compare continuous heart rhythm surveillance versus 24HM follow-up intraindividually, we evaluated a novel implantable continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring (IMD) device (Reveal XT 9525).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five cardiac surgical patients (male 37, mean age 69.7+/-9.2 years) with a mean preoperative AF duration of 38+/-45 m were treated with either left atrial epicardial high-intensity focus ultrasound ablation (n=33) or endocardial cryothermy (n=12) in case of concomitant mitral valve surgery. Rhythm control readings were derived simultaneously from 24HM and IMD at 3-month intervals with a total recording of 2021 hours for 24HM and 220 766 hours for IMD. Mean follow-up was 8.30+/-3.97 m (range 0 to 12 m). Mean postoperative AF burden (time period spent in AF) as indicated by IMD was 37+/-43%. Sinus rhythm was documented in 53 readings of 24HM, but in only 34 of these instances by the IMD in the time period before 24HM readings (64%, P<0.0001), reflecting a 24HM sensitivity of 0.60 and a negative predictive value of 0.64 for detecting AF recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For "real-life" cardiac rhythm documentation, continuous heart rhythm surveillance instead of any conventional 24HM follow-up strategy is necessary. This is particularly important for further judgment of ablation techniques, devices as well as anticoagulation and antiarrhythmic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University of Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanke
authors.forename: Efstratios I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Charitos
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stierle
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karluss
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kraatz
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagemann
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misfeld
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Sievers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged