title: Serum selenium concentrations and diabetes in U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence suggests that high selenium levels are associated with diabetes and other cardiometabolic risk factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the association of serum selenium concentrations with fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and diabetes in the most recently available representative sample of the U.S. population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a cross-sectional analysis of 917 adults > or = 40 years of age who had a fasting morning blood sample in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. We evaluated the association of serum selenium, measured by inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry, and diabetes, defined as a self-report of current use of hypoglycemic agents or insulin or as fasting plasma glucose > or = 126 mg/dL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean serum selenium was 137.1 microg/L. The multivariable adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] for diabetes comparing the highest quartile of serum selenium (> or = 147 microg/L) with the lowest (< 124 microg/L) was 7.64 (3.34-17.46). The corresponding average differences (95% CI) in fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were 9.5 mg/dL (3.4-15.6 mg/dL) and 0.30% (0.14-0.46%), respectively. In spline regression models, the prevalence of diabetes as well as glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels increased with increasing selenium concentrations up to 160 microg/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In U.S. adults, high serum selenium concentrations were associated with higher prevalence of diabetes and higher fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Given high selenium intake in the U.S. population, further research is needed to determine the role of excess selenium levels in the development or the progression of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laclaustra
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navas-Acien
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stranges
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovas
authors.forename: Eliseo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guallar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D012643:Selenium