title: Ab initio calcineurin inhibitor-based monotherapy immunosuppression after liver transplantation reduces the risk for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.
abstract: At the Tor Vergata University of Rome, ab initio calcineurin inhibitor-based monotherapy immunosuppression (IS) is the standard of treatment after liver transplantation (LT). As the net state of IS determines the onset of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), we hypothesized that, in the presence of weak impairment of the immune function, as determined by the above-mentioned IS, the host is not overexposed to the risk for PCP and consequently the specific anti-PCP prophylaxis is unnecessary. In a single-cohort descriptive study, we retrospectively investigated the incidence of PCP in 203 LT patients who did not receive anti-PCP prophylaxis because they were under monotherapy IS. The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of PCP during the first 12 months following LT; secondary endpoints were the incidence of acute rejection requiring additional IS and of CMV infection. No cases of PCP were recorded. The incidence of CMV and acute rejection was 3.9% and 0.9%, respectively. Our data suggest that monotherapy IS after LT may nullify the risk for PCP even in the absence of any specific prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Center Blvd. Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA. gorlando@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tariciotti
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Manzia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gravante
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sorge
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manuelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Cocco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scelzo
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soker
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baiocchi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lerut
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angelico
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tisone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D045363:Pneumocystis carinii / Q000187:drug effects*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012306:Risk; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus