title: Associations between COX-2 polymorphisms, blood cholesterol and risk of acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of specific COX-2 inhibitors in cancer prevention has been associated with higher risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate if the polymorphisms COX2 T8473C (rs5275), and COX2 A-1195G (rs689466), which modify the enzyme levels of COX-2, were associated with risk of ACS and if alcohol intake, smoking, and use of NSAID would modify the associations. We also wanted to investigate associations with blood lipid levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-cohort study including 1031 ACS cases and a sub-cohort of 1703 persons was nested within the population-based prospective study Diet, Cancer and Health of 57,053 individuals aged 55-64 at recruitment 1993-1997.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male variant allele carriers of COX-2 T8473C were at lower risk of ACS (IRR=0.75, CI=0.61-0.93, p=0.008) than homozygous wildtype carriers. There were no statistically significant interactions between genotypes and alcohol intake, smoking and NSAID use in relation to risk of ACS. Among males, there was interaction between COX-2 T8473C and alcohol in relation to total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and LDL levels (p for interaction: 0.003, 0.007 and 0.01, respectively), such that variant allele carriers with low alcohol intake had the lowest lipid levels. No statistically significant associations were observed in females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that genetically determined COX-2 levels are associated with risk of ACS and blood lipid levels among males. No consistent associations were found for females.
authors.affiliation: National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark. ulbvo@food.dtu.dk
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Stine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Segel
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dethlefsen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.forename: Anne Thoustrup
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Saber
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: Majken K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Erik B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Paal Skytt
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002784:Cholesterol; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human