title: Lack of association between ACE and bradykinin B2 receptor gene polymorphisms and ACE inhibitor-induced coughing in hypertensive Koreans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are used widely in therapy for hypertension, congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction. However, coughing, one of their major adverse effects limits their use. It is documented that Asians are more liable to coughing than Europeans. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic polymorphism involved in ACE inhibitor-induced coughing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We monitored hypertensive subjects (n = 110) treated with ACE inhibitors, and tested for any associations between ACE inhibitor-induced coughing and polymorphisms in the genes for ACE and the bradykinin B2 receptor, which are suspected to be related to coughing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no significant differences between the groups with coughing and without coughing in the frequency of ACE I/D (Insertion/Deletion) polymorphisms. One single nucleotide polymorphism was discovered in the promoter (-58T/C) and, one in intron-exon junction upsteam of exon 2 (-59C/A), of the bradykinin B2 receptor gene. However, no significant correlation was found between those genotypes or allele distributions and ACE inhibitor-induced coughing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no significant links between polymorphisms of the ACE gene or bradykinin B2 receptor gene with ACE inhibitor-induced coughing in hypertensive Koreans. But, the topic remains controversial and requires more study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Research, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D044466:Asian People; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A