title: Ocular manifestations and prognosis of shaken baby syndrome in two Japanese children's hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To distinguish the profiles of patients and ophthalmologic features and to describe the prognosis of shaken baby syndrome (SBS) in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of child abuse cases involving retinal hemorrhage at Kanagawa Children's Medical Center and the National Center for Child Health and Development between January 1997 and December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean follow-up period was 22.2 months (range, 0-115 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one boys and 11 girls were identified. The mean age at the initial visit was 7.0 months (range, 4 days to 17 months). Four boys died during hospitalization. Seventeen eyes of ten patients (31%) had vitreous hemorrhage; 16 eyes of eight patients (25%) had a more favorable ocular prognosis with no apparent complications. Eight infants (25%) had been born prematurely. The mean maternal age was 29.9 years, and mothers were the primary perpetrator in 19 cases (59%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical features of SBS in Japan are comparable to those in the Western literature. However, we have also found some idiosyncratic features in Japanese SBS cases; the mother is more frequently the perpetrator and abusive parents are older than in the United States, possibly reflecting current trends in Japan toward later marriage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. kobayashi-y@ncchd.go.jp
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Shizuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohba
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azuma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D010211:Papilledema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D011379:Prognosis; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D038642:Shaken Baby Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D014823:Vitreous Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult