title: Risk of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with peripherally inserted central catheters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are increasingly used in hospitalized patients. The benefit can be offset by complications such as upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of patients who received a PICC while hospitalized at the Methodist University Hospital (MUH) in Memphis, TN. All adult consecutive patients who had PICCs inserted during the study period and who did not have a UEDVT at the time of PICC insertion were included in the study. A UEDVT was defined as a symptomatic event in the ipsilateral extremity, leading to the performance of duplex ultrasonography, which confirmed the diagnosis of UEDVT. Pulmonary embolism (PE) was defined as a symptomatic event prompting the performance of ventilation-perfusion lung scan or spiral computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 777 patients, 38 patients experienced 1 or more venous thromboembolisms (VTEs), yielding an incidence of 4.89%. A total of 7444 PICC-days were recorded for 777 patients. This yields a rate of 5.10 VTEs/1000 PICC-days. Compared to patients whose PICC was inserted in the SVC, patients whose PICC was in another location had an increased risk (odds ratio = 2.61 [95% CI = 1.28-5.35]) of VTE. PICC related VTE was significantly more common among patients with a past history of VTE (odds ratio = 10.83 [95% CI = 4.89-23.95]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About 5% of patients undergoing PICC placement in acute care hospitals will develop thromboembolic complications. Thromboembolic complications were especially common among persons with a past history of VTE. Catheter tip location at the time of insertion may be an important modifiable risk factor.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. bob.lobo@vanderbitt.edu
authors.forename: Bob L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: Georgeta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vaidean
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Broyles
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Reaves
authors.forename: Ronald I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Shorr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D034941:Upper Extremity; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*