title: Let's talk about smear tests: social marketing for the National Cervical Screening Programme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The overall aim of the work was to increase participation by Māori and Pacific women in the National Cervical Screening Programme (NCSP) in New Zealand using a social marketing informed approach. Key objectives for this target group included: increasing awareness, understanding and discussion of cervical cancer and cervical screening; increasing telephone calls to the NCSP's 0800 number; and increasing uptake of cervical screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  A social marketing intervention with mixed qualitative and quantitative evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focus groups with priority women and key stakeholder interviews were used to identify a set of key messages from which television, radio and print media advertisements were developed. The advertising campaign was one element of a broader programme of activity, which involved changes to service delivery and improvement to access to services, particularly for the target groups. The campaign was evaluated in three ways: quantitative surveys conducted before, during and after the intervention; monitoring the number of calls to the NCSP's 0800 number; and monitoring NCSP monthly coverage statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The social marketing intervention achieved measurable behavioural impacts with its primary target audiences, delivering significant increases in screening uptake by Māori (6.8%) and Pacific women (12.7%) after 12 months. In addition, there was a secondary positive impact on other women (not the immediate target audience) whose rate of update also increased (2.7%). Overall, the intervention helped to reduce inequalities and delivered substantial increases in awareness, understanding and discussion of cervical cancer and cervical screening amongst the target groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that social marketing can be effective in targeting marginalized or under-represented groups. The intervention has not only changed the way in which women in New Zealand talk about a previously 'taboo' subject, but it has also provided a platform for significant behaviour change which will help to reduce inequalities in the burden of cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Manager, Communications and Marketing, National Screening Unit, Ministry of Health, Auckland, New Zealand. graham_bethune@moh.govt.nz
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bethune
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008402:Mass Media; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D040241:Social Marketing; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D055815:Young Adult