Glutathione transferases: emerging multidisciplinary tools in red and green biotechnology.
Cytosolic glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a diverse family of enzymes involved in a wide range of biological processes, many of which involve the conjugation of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) to an electrophilic substrate. Detailed studies of GSTs are justified because of the considerable interest of these enzymes in medicine, agriculture and analytical biotechnology. For example, in medicine, GSTs are explored as molecular targets for the design of new anticancer drugs as a plausible means to sensitize drug-resistant tumors that overexpress GSTs. In agriculture, GSTs are exploited in the development of transgenic plants with increased resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Recently, selected isoenzymes of GSTs have found successful applications in the development of enzyme biosensors for the direct monitoring of environmental pollutants, such as herbicides and insecticides. This review article summarizes recent representative patents related to GSTs and their applications in biotechnology.
Chronopoulou
Evangelia G
EG
Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855-Athens, Greece.
Labrou
Nikolaos E
NE
D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053209:Herbicide Resistance; D006801:Humans; D008511:Medicine; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified
D005982:Glutathione Transferase