title: Temporal lobe functional activity and connectivity in young adult APOE varepsilon4 carriers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to determine if the APOE epsilon4 allele influences both the functional activation and connectivity of the medial temporal lobes (MTLs) during successful memory encoding in young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four healthy young adults, i.e., 12 carriers and 12 noncarriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele, were scanned in a subsequent-memory paradigm, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. The neuroanatomic correlates of successful encoding were measured as greater neural activity for subsequently remembered versus forgotten task items, or in short, encoding success activity (ESA). Group differences in ESA within the MTLs, as well as whole-brain functional connectivity with the MTLs, were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the absence of demographic or performance differences, APOE epsilon4 allele carriers exhibited greater bilateral MTL activity relative to noncarriers while accomplishing the same encoding task. Moreover, whereas epsilon4 carriers demonstrated a greater functional connectivity of ESA-related MTL activity with the posterior cingulate and other peri-limbic regions, reductions in overall connectivity were found across the anterior and posterior cortices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the APOE varepsilon4 allele may influence not only functional activations within the MTL, but functional connectivity of the MTLs to other regions implicated in memory encoding. Enhanced functional connectivity of the MTLs with the posterior cingulate in young adult epsilon4 carriers suggests that APOE may be expressed early in brain regions known to be involved in Alzheimer's disease, long before late-onset dementia is a practical risk or consideration. These functional connectivity differences may also reflect pleiotropic effects of APOE during early development.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Browndyke
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Need
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Welsh-Bohmer
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cabeza
mesh_terms: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4