title: Gender differences and cognitive aspects on functional outcome after hip fracture--a 2 years' follow-up of 2,134 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  hip fractures as well as cognitive dysfunction become increasingly prevalent in growing ageing populations. Hip fractures are approximately three times more common in elderly women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  we analysed outcome after hip fracture with respect to gender and cognitive function.
  
  
  METHODS
  population-based, prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  four university hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  a total of 2,134 consecutive patients admitted with hip fracture during 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  gender differences in residence, walking ability and activity of daily living (ADL) were analysed at baseline, after 4 and 24 months in patients with and without intact cognitive function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  women were older, more often living alone and had poorer walking ability (P < 0.001). Cognitive dysfunction was equally common by gender. Women were more often treated with a prosthesis (P < 0.001) and sent to rehabilitation (P < 0.001). In the cognitive dysfunction group, men had more co-morbidity (P < 0.001) and total loss of walking ability (P = 0.03), but more often resided in own homes (P = 0.03). There was no gender difference in ADL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  men had a higher risk for loss of walking ability and death only in patients with cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive function was the most important factor for returning to own home and regain pre-fracture function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, SE-18288 Stockholm, Sweden. bodil.samuelsson@shh.se
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
authors.forename: Margareta I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hedström
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ponzer
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Söderqvist
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Samnegård
authors.forename: Karl-Göran
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Thorngren
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cederholm
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sääf
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dalen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking