title: Biomedical markers and psychiatric morbidity of neurasthenia spectrum disorders in four outpatient clinics in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disorders of unexplained fatigue are researched globally and debated prominently concerning their biomedical and psychiatric comorbidity. Such studies are needed in India.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify biomedical markers and psychiatric morbidity of disorders of severe unexplained fatigue or weakness with disability, designated neurasthenia spectrum disorders (NSDs). To compare biomedical markers of patients with controls. To study correlation between biomedical markers and psychiatric morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four specialty outpatient clinics of Psychiatry, Medicine, Dermatology, and Ayurved of an urban general hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study for biomedical markers. Diagnostic interviews for assessment of psychiatric morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (N = 352) were recruited using screening criteria and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV screening module. They were compared with controls (N = 38) for relevant biomedical markers. Psychiatric morbidity was assessed with SCID-I interviews, Hamilton scales, and Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90). Correlations between a nutritional index and axis I morbidity were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequencies and means of biomedical markers and psychiatric diagnoses were compared and associations assessed with regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Corrected arm muscle area (CAMA) was significantly lower among patients (P < 0.001), but not anemia. Anxiety (73.0%) and somatoform (61.4%) disorders, especially nonspecific diagnoses, were more frequent than depressive disorders (55.4%). Generally, Hamilton and SCL scores were lowest in Ayurved clinic, and highest in Psychiatry clinic. Presence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and adjustment disorders correlated with low nutritional index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malnutrition or de-conditioning that may explain weakness need to be considered in the management of NSDs in India, particularly with comorbid GAD or adjustment disorders. Weakness and anxiety, rather than fatigue and depression, are distinct features of Indian patients. SCL may be more useful than categorical diagnoses in NSDs. NSDs are an independent entity with nonspecific psychiatric comorbidity. Cross clinic differences among patients with similar complaints highlight need for idiographic studies.
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Paralikar
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Agashe
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sarmukaddam
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Dabholkar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gosoniu
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Weiss