title: Acceleration of purine degradation by periodontal diseases.
abstract: Periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are characterized by bacterial plaque accumulation around the gingival crevice and the subsequent inflammation and destruction of host tissues. To test the hypothesis that cellular metabolism is altered as a result of host-bacteria interaction, we performed an unbiased metabolomic profiling of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collected from healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis sites in humans, by liquid and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The purine degradation pathway, a major biochemical source for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, was significantly accelerated at the disease sites. This suggests that periodontal-disease-induced oxidative stress and inflammation are mediated through this pathway. The complex host-bacterial interaction was further highlighted by depletion of anti-oxidants, degradation of host cellular components, and accumulation of bacterial products in GCF. These findings provide new mechanistic insights and a panel of comprehensive biomarkers for periodontal disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, 909 River Road, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teles
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Devizio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Milburn
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002103:Cadaverine / Q000032:analysis; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D019271:Hypoxanthine / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000378:metabolism; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000378:metabolism; D011687:Purines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011700:Putrescine / Q000032:analysis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D019820:Xanthine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011687:Purines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019820:Xanthine; D014527:Uric Acid; D019271:Hypoxanthine; D005978:Glutathione; D002103:Cadaverine; D011700:Putrescine; C030985:purine