title: The effect of selenium supplementation on DTH skin responses in healthy North American men.
abstract: The trace element selenium (Se) is essential for immune system development and function in animals. However, the exact functions of Se in the human immune system and the achievable health benefits from Se supplementation remain unclear. To test whether an increased intake of dietary Se affects immune function, we conducted a randomized, controlled trial of Se supplementation in healthy free-living men. Forty-two men were administered 300microg of Se a day as high-Se Baker's yeast, or low-Se yeast for 48 weeks. Serum immunoglobulins, differential complete blood counts and lymphocyte sub-populations were measured every 6 weeks. Tests of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin responses to mumps, candida, trychophyton, tuberculin-purified protein, and tetanus were performed at baseline and at the end of 48 weeks of treatment. Supplementation increased blood Se concentration by 50%. Surprisingly, consumption of the low-Se yeast induced anergy in DTH skin responses and increased counts of natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes expressing both subunits of the high affinity interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R). DTH skin responses and IL2R+ cells did not change in the high-Se group, suggesting Se supplementation blocked induction of DTH anergy. There were no differences between groups in quality of life indicators, number of days sick, other leukocyte phenotypes, serum immunoglobulins, or complement factors. These results suggest that Se plays a role in immunotolerization, a cell-mediated process involved in many aspects of immune function.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California at Davis, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA. wayne.hawkes@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Wayne Chris
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hawkes
authors.forename: Amie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alkan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002140:California; D017635:Clonal Anergy; D015930:Diet Records; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011788:Quality of Life; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D012882:Skin Tests; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015002:Yeast, Dried / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012643:Selenium