title: Emphasis on carbohydrates may negatively influence dietary patterns in youth with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess perceptions of healthful eating and the influence of diabetes management on dietary behaviors among youth with type 1 diabetes and parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Youth with type 1 diabetes (n = 35), ages 8-21 years, and parents participated in focus groups. Focus group recordings were transcribed and coded into themes. Clinical data were abstracted from the electronic medical record.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Central topics were perceptions of healthful eating and the impact of diabetes management on diet. An emphasis on limiting postprandial glycemic excursions occasionally contradicted the traditional perception of healthful eating, which emphasized consumption of nutrient-dense whole foods in favor of prepackaged choices. Whereas fixed regimens required more rigid diets, basal-bolus regimens provided more opportunities for unhealthful eating. Most youth perceived "refined" grains as more healthful grains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For youth with type 1 diabetes and parents, an emphasis on carbohydrate quantity over quality may distort beliefs and behaviors regarding healthful eating.
authors.affiliation: Joslin Diabetes Center, Section of Genetics and Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjeev N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Denise L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Haynie
authors.forename: Laurie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Natalie N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Bucey
authors.forename: Alisha J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rovner
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Volkening
authors.forename: Tonja R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Nansel
authors.forename: Lori M B
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Laffel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000145:classification* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D019518:Postprandial Period; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin