title: Safety of a novel galacto-oligosaccharide: Genotoxicity and repeated oral dose studies.
abstract: A series of safety tests were undertaken on a novel galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) produced from lactose by a two-step enzymatic process involving Sporobolomyces singularis and Kluyveromyces lactis. Bacterial reverse mutation and chromosomal aberration tests, with or without metabolic activation, were performed. These tests showed no mutagenesis in the Ames assay or in Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, and no chromosomal aberrations in cultured fibroblast cells from Chinese hamster lungs (CHL/IU). Micronuclei were not induced in the reticulocytes of mouse peripheral blood following oral administration of GOS. In a 90-day repeated oral dose toxicity study in rats, GOS was administered at 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. There were no GOS-related changes in clinical signs, body weight, water intake, feed intake, urinalysis, ophthalmology, haematology, blood chemistry, organ weights, gross pathology or histopathology in any of the treatment groups compared to the control group. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of GOS was at least 2000 mg/kg/day in both males and females.
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Safety Research Center, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan. toshihide-kobayashi@yakult.co.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasutake
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onoue
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012156:Reticulocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D056692:Prebiotics; D014312:Trisaccharides; C072242:4'-galactooligosaccharide