title: A high-fat diet increases adiposity but maintains mitochondrial oxidative enzymes without affecting development of heart failure with pressure overload.
abstract: A high-fat diet can increase adiposity, leptin secretion, and plasma fatty acid concentration. In hypertension, this scenario may accelerate cardiac hypertrophy and development of heart failure but could be protective by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and expression of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes. We assessed the effects of a high-fat diet on the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, remodeling, contractile dysfunction, and the activity of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes. Mice (n = 10-12/group) underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham surgery and were fed either a low-fat diet (10% of energy intake as fat) or a high-fat diet (45% fat) for 6 wk. The high-fat diet increased adipose tissue mass and plasma leptin and insulin. Left ventricular mass and chamber size were unaffected by diet in sham animals. TAC increased left ventricular mass (approximately 70%) and end-systolic and end-diastolic areas (approximately 100% and approximately 45%, respectively) to the same extent in both dietary groups. The high-fat diet increased plasma free fatty acid concentration and prevented the decline in the activity of the mitochondrial enzymes medium chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) and citrate synthase that was observed with TAC animals on a low-fat diet. In conclusion, a high-fat diet did not worsen cardiac hypertrophy or left ventricular chamber enlargement despite increases in fat mass and insulin and leptin concentrations. Furthermore, a high-fat diet preserved MCAD and citrate synthase activities during pressure overload, suggesting that it may help maintain mitochondrial oxidative capacity in failing myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Chess
authors.forename: Ramzi J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Khairallah
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.forename: Wenhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Stanley
mesh_terms: D042964:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000201:enzymology*; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000201:enzymology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D042964:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase