title: [Incidence of penile curvature in various forms of hypospadias].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly of the penis, characterised by ectopically positioned urethral meatus and associated anomalies (cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia, penile curvature). Proximal forms of hypospadias, as severe cases, are particularly accompanied by penile curvature (chordee). Distal types are considered to be mild degrees.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of congenital curvature within various forms of hypospadias in order to signify preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis of chordee as a part of hypospadias repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  The total of 454 patients with hypospadias were treated surgically in a five-year period (2001-2006.) at the University Children's Hospital of Belgrade. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgeon who had treated them. Only the first group of patients was tested for chordee as a part of standard procedure and complete treatment. In both groups we analyzed the number of patients treated for penile curvature within various types of hypospadias. We also compared scores in the two groups using Fisher test and chi2-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scanning retrospective, 104 cases (22.9%) of diagnosed and surgically corrected chordee were determined. In 31.6% of patients from the first group and 11.6% of patients from the second group we diagnosed and corrected some form of penile curvature was. Chordee was significantly more frequent in the first group, regarding hypospadias in general (p<0.01), as well as distal (p<0.05) and mid shaft forms (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Penile curvature is not uncommon in hypospadias. In this study we report a significantly higher frequency as related to the patients in the second group who were not tested for curvature during hypospadias treatment. This is why standard techniques in hypospadias repair should definitely include the diagnosis and surgical correction of penile curvature.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djordjević
authors.forename: Borko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stojanković
authors.forename: Miodrag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stojsavljević
authors.forename: Sinisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ducić
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bizić
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majstorović
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000473:pathology*