title: Mycobiota and mycotoxins in fermented feed, wheat grains and corn grains in Southeastern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.
abstract: Wheat (as bran) and corn (as dry grain or fermented feed) are main ingredients of feedstuffs used in local cattle and pig farms in the South of the Buenos Aires Province (Argentina). Therefore, determining mycobiota and mycotoxins in wheat and corn is of prime importance for developing feed management techniques to optimise animal production and to minimize toxicity. Then, a mycological survey was carried out in the Southeastern part of the Buenos Aires Province, in order to identify the mycobiota and the main mycotoxins present in fermented feed, wheat grain and corn grain samples. Samples were cultured for fungal quantification, isolation and identification, and analysed for deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin and aflatoxins (AFLA). Penicillium (74%), Aspergillus (32%) and Scopulariopsis (21%) were the prevalent genera in fermented feed. Penicillium (70%), Fusarium (47%) and Aspergillus (34%) were the most frequent fungi isolated from corn. Penicillium (42%), Fusarium (27%) and Alternaria (25%) were the most frequently recovered genera from wheat. DON was detected in 59% of the corn samples, in 45% of the wheat samples and in 38% of the silage samples. ZEA was detected in 36% of the corn samples, in 49% of the wheat samples and in 16% of the silage samples. T-2 toxin and aflatoxin B1 were each detected in 4% of the corn samples. Eighteen percent of the fermented feed samples showed T-2 contamination. Fermented feed and wheat samples were negative for AFLA.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología, FCV, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. mroige@vet.unicen.edu.ar
authors.forename: Marcela Beatriz
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Roigé
authors.forename: Sandra Mariela
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Aranguren
authors.forename: María Belén
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Riccio
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pereyra
authors.forename: Alejandro Luis
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Soraci
authors.forename: María Ofelia
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Tapia
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001118:Argentina; D002417:Cattle; D005285:Fermentation; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012820:Silage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; D015025:Zearalenone; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; C007262:deoxynivalenol