title: Food group intake and central obesity among children and adolescents in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore mean food group intakes associated with central obesity anthropometry among children and adolescents enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Representative sampling of the US population (1998-2002).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 3761 children (5-11 years) and 1803 adolescents (12-16 years) with single 24 h dietary recalls and anthropometric measures of central body fat (waist circumference and sum of subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results were controlled for confounding by age, height, race/ethnicity, Tanner stage, television viewing and parental education. In younger children, there was no relationship between central adiposity and mean intakes of dairy, fruit, vegetables or grains, while a positive association with meat intake was found among boys. In adolescent boys and girls, central body fat measures were inversely associated with mean dairy and grain intakes. Adolescent boys in the highest quartile of central adiposity consumed less fruit and fewer vegetables; those in the lowest central adiposity quartile consumed less meat. Finally, adolescents who met the criteria for central obesity (waist circumference >or=85th percentile for age and sex) reported consuming significantly less total dairy (as well as milk and cheese separately), total grains (whole and refined) and total fruit and vegetables. There was no association with meat consumption. To test the stability of these findings, the final analysis was replicated in 2541 same-aged adolescents from NHANES 1999-2002; the results were very similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cross-sectional analyses suggest that intakes of dairy, grains and total fruits and vegetables are inversely associated with central obesity among adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: M Loring
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bradlee
authors.forename: Martha R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: M Mustafa
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Lynn L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002523:Edible Grain; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013690:Television; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014675:Vegetables; D055105:Waist Circumference