title: Swimming in ice cold water.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated two athletes swimming in 4°C for 23 min (1.3 km, swimmer 1) and 42 min (2.2 km, swimmer 2), respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre swim, percent body fat was determined; post swim, core temperature was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The core temperature of swimmer 2 was: 37.0°C immediately before the start, 32°C 20 min after getting out of the water, and 35.5°C 80 min after finishing the swim.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We assume that the higher skin-fold thickness and body fat of swimmer 2 enabled him to perform longer. In addition to this, mental power and experience in cold water swimming must be considered. In any athlete aiming at swimming in water of less than 5°C, body core temperature and heart rate should be continuously monitored in order to detect a body core temperature below 32°C and arrhythmia to pull the athlete out of the water before life-threatening circumstances occur.
authors.affiliation: Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, Switzerland. beat.knechtle@hispeed.ch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knechtle
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Christinger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knechtle
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rosemann
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors