Structural insights into the mechanism of the allosteric transitions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cAMP receptor protein.
The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a cAMP-responsive global transcriptional regulator, responsible for the regulation of a multitude of diverse proteins. We have determined the crystal structures of the CRP.cAMP and CRP.N(6)-cAMP derivative-bound forms of the enzyme to 2.2- and 2.3 A-resolution, respectively, to investigate cAMP-mediated conformational and structural changes. The allosteric switch from the open, inactive conformation to the closed, active conformation begins with a number of changes in the ligand-binding cavity upon cAMP binding. These subtle structural changes and numerous non-bonding interactions between cAMP, the N-domain residues, and the C-domain helices demonstrate that the N-domain hairpin loop acts as a structural mediator of the allosteric switch. Based on the CRP.N(6)-cAMP crystal structure, binding of N(6)-cAMP with a bulkier methylphenylethyl extension from the N6 atom stabilizes the cAMP-binding domain, N-domain hairpin, and C-terminal domain in a similar manner as that of the CRP.cAMP structure, maintaining structural integrity within the subunits. However, the bulkier N6 extension of N(6)-cAMP (in R conformation) is accommodated only in subunit A with minor changes, whereas in subunit B, the N6 extension is in the S conformation hindering the hinge region of the central helix. As a result, the entire N-domain and the C-domain of subunit B integrated by the cAMP portion of this ligand, together tilt away ( approximately 7 degrees tilt) from central helix C, positioning the helix-turn-helix motif in an unfavorable position for the DNA substrate, asymmetrically. Together, these crystal structures demonstrate the mechanism of action of the cAMP molecule and its role in integrating the active CRP structure.
Reddy
Manchi C M
MCM
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.
Palaninathan
Satheesh K
SK
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.
Bruning
John B
JB
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.
Thurman
Cory
C
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.
Smith
Danielle
D
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.
Sacchettini
James C
JC
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843. Electronic address: sacchett@tamu.edu.
D000494:Allosteric Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000502:physiology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C513697:CRP protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D000242:Cyclic AMP