title: Memantine prevents cardiomyocytes nuclear size reduction in the left ventricle of rats exposed to cold stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Memantine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies have suggested that receptor blockers act as neuroprotective agents; however, no study has specifically investigated the impact that these drugs have on the heart. We sought to evaluate the effects of memantine on nuclear size reduction in cardiac cells exposed to cold stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used male EPM-Wistar rats (n=40) divided into 4 groups: 1) Matched control (CON); 2) Memantine-treated rats (MEM); 3) Rats undergoing induced hypothermia (IH) and 4) Rats undergoing induced hypothermia that were also treated with memantine (IHM). Animals in the MEM and IHM groups were treated by oral gavage administration of 20 mg/kg/day memantine over an eight-day period. Animals in the IH and IHM groups were submitted to 4 hours of hypothermia in a controlled environment with a temperature of -8 degrees C on the last day of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MEM group had the largest cardiomyocyte nuclear size (151 +/- 3.5 microm(3) vs. CON: 142 +/- 2.3 microm(3); p<0.05), while the IH group had the smallest mean value of nuclear size. The nuclear size of the IHM group was preserved (125 +/- 2.9 microm(3)) compared to the IH group (108 +/- 1.7 microm(3); p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Memantine prevented the nuclear size reduction of cardiomyocytes in rats exposed to cold stress.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Cardiologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André/SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meneghini
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos de
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: Vitor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Valenti
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: F Filho
authors.forename: Neif
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053145:Cell Nucleus Size / Q000187:drug effects*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008559:Memantine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D008559:Memantine