title: Light-emitting diode flashlights as effective and inexpensive light sources for fluorescence microscopy.
abstract: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming more commonly used as light sources for fluorescence microscopy. We describe the adaptation of a commercially available light-emitting diode flashlight for use as a source for fluorescence excitation. This light source is long-lived, inexpensive and is effective for excitation in the range of 440-600 nm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D008027:Light; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D011821:Raccoons; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014599:Uterus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002734:Chlorophyll