title: Transglutaminase 2 as a cisplatin resistance marker in non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, it was reported that expression of transglutaminase 2 plays an important role in doxorubicin/cisplatin resistance in breast and ovarian cancer. The aims of this study were to verify the role of transglutaminase 2 in cisplatin response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to study if transglutaminase 2 gene (TGM2) methylation can be a molecular marker for good response to cisplatin.
  
  
  METHODS
  TGM2 promoter methylation was analyzed by sodium bisulfite sequencing. Cisplatin sensitivity was analyzed by treatment of cisplatin in NSCLC cell lines with/without TGM2 or TGM2 siRNA transfection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In one-third of NSCLC cell lines, TGase 2 gene (TGM2) was silenced by promoter methylation. The TGM2 promoter-methylated cell lines (HCC-95 and HCC-1588) showed relatively higher sensitivity to cisplatin than the TGM2-expressing cell lines (NCI-H1299 and HCC-1195). Down-regulation and over-expression of TGM2 in those NSCLC cells also suggested a positive correlation of cisplatin sensitivity and TGM2 inhibition. With doxorubicin, the relationship was quite similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed that good responders of cisplatin in NSCLC could be identified by the promoter methylation of TGM2 and that TGase 2 inhibition appears to be an effective cisplatin-sensitizing modality in NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, 410-769, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Seo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyun-Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong-Bock
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seong-Yeol
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sei-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Soo-Youl
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyeong-Man
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C000717608:TGM2 protein, human; D004317:Doxorubicin; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D002945:Cisplatin