title: Toll-like receptors 1 and 2 heterodimers alter Borrelia burgdorferi gene expression in mice and ticks.
abstract: Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, is recognized by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1 and 2 heterodimers. Microarray analysis of in vivo B. burgdorferi gene expression in murine skin showed that several genes were altered in TLR1/2-deficient animals compared with wild-type mice. For example, expression of bbe21 (a gene involved in B. burgdorferi lp25 plasmid maintenance) and bb0665 (a gene encoding a glycosyl transferase) were higher in TLR1/2-deficient mice than in control animals. In contrast, messenger RNA levels for bb0731 (a spoJ-like gene) and bba74 (a gene encoding a periplasmic protein) were lower in TLR1/2-deficient mice than in wild-type animals. The expression profiles of some of these genes were altered similarly in B. burgdorferi-infected ticks fed on control or TLR1/2-deficient mice. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis supported the microarray analysis and suggested that spirochete gene expression is altered by the milieu created by specific host TLRs, both in the murine host and in the arthropod vector.
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, 2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and 3Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fikrig
authors.forename: Sukanya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narasimhan
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neelakanta
authors.forename: Utpal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Manchuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flavell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025065:Borrelia burgdorferi / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D018884:Ixodes / Q000382:microbiology*; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2