title: Performance of American Thoracic Society-recommended spirometry reference values in a multiethnic sample of adults: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) lung study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The American Thoracic Society recommends race-specific spirometric reference values from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) III for clinical evaluation of pulmonary function in whites, African-Americans, and Mexican-Americans in the United States and a correction factor of 0.94 for Asian-Americans. We aimed to validate the NHANES III reference equations and the correction factor for Asian-Americans in an independent, multiethnic sample of US adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) recruited self-identified non-Hispanic white, African-American, Hispanic, and Asian-American participants aged 45 to 84 years at six US sites. The MESA-Lung Study assessed prebronchodilator spirometry among 3,893 MESA participants who performed acceptable tests, of whom 1,068 were asymptomatic healthy nonsmokers who performed acceptable spirometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1,068 participants were mean age 65 +/- 10 years, 60% female, 25% white, 20% African-American, 23% Hispanic, and 32% Asian-American. Observed values of FEV(1), FEV(6), and FVC among whites, African-Americans, and Hispanics of Mexican origin in MESA-Lung were slightly lower than predicted values based on NHANES III. Observed values among Hispanics of non-Mexican origin were consistently lower. Agreement in classification of participants with airflow obstruction based on lower limit of normal criteria was good (overall kappa = 0.88). For Asian-Americans, a correction factor of 0.88 was more accurate than 0.94.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NHANES III reference equations are valid for use among older adults who are white, African-American, or Hispanic of Mexican origin. Comparison of white and Asian-American participants suggests that a correction factor of 0.88, applied to the predicted and lower limits of normal values, is more appropriate than the currently recommended value of 0.94.
authors.affiliation: Hankinson Consulting, Inc., Valdosta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hankinson
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kawut
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shahar
authors.forename: Lewis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Karen Hinckley
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Stukovsky
authors.forename: R Graham
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Barr
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D017408:Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D013147:Spirometry / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology