title: Physical activity, the Framingham risk score and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women of the EPIC-Norfolk study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Test the hypothesis that considering leisure-time and work-related physical activity habits in addition to the Framingham risk score (FRS) would result into better classification of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk than FRS alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, population-based study of 9564 men and 12165 women aged 45-79 years followed for an average of 11.4 years. A modified FRS which takes into account physical activity (evaluated using a validated lifestyle questionnaire taking into account leisure-time and work-related physical activity) was computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 2191 CHD events occurred. Among 3369 men who were classified as intermediate risk (event rate of 12.4%) according to the FRS, 413 were reclassified into the low-risk category and 279 were reclassified into the high-risk category after modification of the FRS. After reclassification of these men, CHD event rate was of 5.3% and 18.6%, respectively for men classified at low and high CHD risk. Among 4766 women initially classified as intermediate risk (event rate of 8.4%), 1282 were reclassified into the low-risk category whereas 1071 women were reclassified into the high-risk category. After reclassification of these women, CHD event rate was of 6.8% and 12.2%, respectively for women classified at low and high CHD risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of the present study suggest that asking simple questions about leisure-time and work-related physical activity which can be rapidly obtained by any physician at no cost could be helpful in the estimation of patients' CHD risk.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Benoit J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Arsenault
authors.forename: Jamal S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lemieux
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: John J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kastelein
authors.forename: S Matthijs
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Boekholdt
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk