title: Prediction of osteoporosis with dental radiographs and age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study age and the trabecular pattern present on dental radiographs were used to predict the presence of osteoporosis. The objective was to evaluate the contribution of the trabecular pattern to the prediction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this project, 671 women between 45 and 71 years of age were recruited. Medical history was obtained and dental radiographs were made. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at three sites to assess the presence of osteoporosis according to the World Health Organization criteria. The radiographs were subjected to image analysis methods yielding measurements of the trabecular pattern. Thereafter, discriminant analysis was used to predict the presence of osteoporosis by means of the trabecular pattern and age. Sensitivity and specificity of age and the trabecular pattern were compared. Also, it was checked whether the inclusion of the trabecular pattern improved the sensitivity and specificity that were obtained when only age was used as the predictor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity and specificity of the trabecular pattern present on dental radiographs were almost equal to those of age. However, combining age with the trabecular pattern increased the sensitivity from 0.71 to 0.75 and the specificity from 0.72 to 0.78; the latter increase was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trabecular pattern predicts the presence of osteoporosis just as well as age does. When combining the trabecular pattern with age, the sensitivity and specificity increased. Only the latter increase was statistically significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands. H.Verheij@acta.nl
authors.forename: J G C
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Verheij
authors.forename: W G M
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Geraets
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: van der Stelt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nicopoulou-Karayianni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Marjanovic
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Devlin
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity