title: LRP1 regulates architecture of the vascular wall by controlling PDGFRbeta-dependent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) protects against atherosclerosis by regulating the activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRbeta) in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Activated PDGFRbeta undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequently interacts with various signaling molecules, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which binds to the phosphorylated tyrosine 739/750 residues in mice, and thus regulates actin polymerization and cell movement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we found disorganized actin in the form of membrane ruffling and enhanced cell migration in LRP1-deficient (LRP1-/-) SMCs. Marfan syndrome-like phenotypes such as tortuous aortas, disrupted elastic layers and abnormally activated transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling are present in smooth muscle-specific LRP1 knockout (smLRP1-/-) mice. To investigate the role of LRP1-regulated PI3K activation by PDGFRbeta in atherogenesis, we generated a strain of smLRP1-/- mice in which tyrosine 739/750 of the PDGFRbeta had been mutated to phenylalanines (PDGFRbeta F2/F2). Spontaneous atherosclerosis was significantly reduced in the absence of hypercholesterolemia in these mice compared to smLRP1-/- animals that express wild type PDGFR. Normal actin organization was restored and spontaneous SMC migration as well as PDGF-BB-induced chemotaxis was dramatically reduced, despite continued overactivation of TGFbeta signaling, as indicated by high levels of nuclear phospho-Smad2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that LRP1 regulates actin organization and cell migration by controlling PDGFRbeta-dependent activation of PI3K. TGFbeta activation alone is not sufficient for the expression of the Marfan-like vascular phenotype. Thus, regulation of PI3 Kinase by PDGFRbeta is essential for maintaining vascular integrity, and for the prevention of atherosclerosis as well as Marfan syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tallquist
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herz
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008954:Models, Biological; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; C486645:Lrp1 protein, mouse