Adenovirus infections in solid organ transplant recipients.
OBJECTIVE
Adenoviruses are emerging as important viral pathogens in solid organ transplant recipients, impacting morbidity, graft survival and even mortality. This review will discuss the current understanding of the epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy of adenovirus infection in transplant recipients.


RESULTS
Advances in the field include the use of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of adenoviral infection, a better understanding of the epidemiology, immune response and potential new therapies, including preemptive and adoptive immunotherapy strategies. Adenoviral infections appear to be common, especially in pediatric solid organ transplant. Generally well tolerated, some high-risk patients may develop disseminated disease causing graft failure, which may lead to retransplant and/or death. Antiviral therapy and immunotherapy may play a role in these patients, although prospective controlled data are not available at this time.


CONCLUSIONS
Although new tools and a better understanding of the epidemiology, risk factors and therapies for adenovirus are beginning to materialize, prospective, controlled trials, using careful definitions, and standardized methodologies need to be performed to more fully clarify these issues in solid organ transplant recipients.
Hoffman
Jill A
JA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 90027, USA. jhoffman@chla.usc.edu
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods; D017735:Virus Latency
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents