[What do we know about anesthetic mechanisms?: hypnosis, unresponsiveness to surgical incision and amnesia].
Despite the increase of molecular knowledge in anesthesia research over the past decades there is still ongoing discussion about the mechanisms of anesthesia. This article focuses on presenting anesthetic sensitive ligand and voltage gated ion channels. The impact on anesthetic modulated ion channels is summarized for clinically commonly used anesthetics isoflurane, propofol and ketamine. Furthermore, the anesthetic features hypnosis, unresponsiveness to surgical incision and amnesia and their putative relevant anatomical sites in the central nervous system are briefly introduced.
Eckle
V-S
VS
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, 22909, Charlottesville, VA, USA. eckle@virginia.edu
Hucklenbruch
C
C
Todorovic
S M
SM
D000647:Amnesia / Q000523:psychology; D000758:Anesthesia; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D009420:Nervous System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology
D000777:Anesthetics; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D007473:Ion Channels; D007649:Ketamine; D007530:Isoflurane; D015742:Propofol