title: Phytochemical characterization of an adaptogenic preparation from Rhodiola heterodonta.
abstract: The phytochemical constituents of a biologically active, standardized, 80% ethanol extract of Rhodiola heterodonta were characterized. The extract was fractionated over a Sephadex LH-20 column to afford two main fractions representing two classes of secondary metabolites: phenylethanoids and proanthocyanidins. This fractionation facilitated the identification and quantification of individual compounds in the fractions and sub-fractions using HPLC, and LC-MS. The major compounds in the phenylethanoid fraction were heterodontoside, tyrosol methyl ether, salidroside, viridoside, mongrhoside, tyrosol, and the cyanogenic glucoside rhodiocyanoside A. These seven compounds comprised 17.4% of the EtOH extract. Proanthocyanidins ranged from oligomers to polymers based on epigallocatechin and gallate units. The main identified oligomeric compounds in the proanthocyanidin fraction were epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and 3-O-galloyl-epigallocatechin-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, which constituted 1.75% of the ethanol extract. Tyrosol methyl ether, mongrhoside, and the two proanthocyanidin dimers were reported for the first time from this species in this study. Intraperitoneal injection of the 80% ethanol extract increased survival time of mice under hypoxia by 192%, as an indication of adaptogenic activity.
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Mary H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.forename: Gad G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Yousef
authors.forename: Anvar G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kurmukov
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raskin
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lila
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D000431:Ethanol; D005960:Glucosides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000517:prevention & control; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D029771:Rhodiola / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; D028321:Plant Preparations; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C011867:4-hydroxyphenylethanol; D000431:Ethanol; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; C057580:gallocatechol; C009172:rhodioloside; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol