title: Workplace bullying and sleep disturbances: findings from a large scale cross-sectional survey in the French working population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between workplace bullying, the characteristics of workplace bullying, and sleep disturbances in a large sample of employees of the French working population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Workplace bullying, evaluated using the validated instrument developed by Leymann, and sleep disturbances, as well as covariates, were measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Covariates included age, marital status, presence of children, education, occupation, working hours, night work, physical and chemical exposures at work, self-reported health, and depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis and was carried out separately for men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  General working population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of a random sample of 3132 men and 4562 women of the working population in the southeast of France.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Workplace bullying was strongly associated with sleep disturbances. Past exposure to bullying also increased the risk for this outcome. The more frequent the exposure to bullying, the higher the risk of experiencing sleep disturbances. Observing someone else being bullied in the workplace was also associated with the outcome. Adjustment for covariates did not modify the results. Additional adjustment for self-reported health and depressive symptoms diminished the magnitude of the associations that remained significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of workplace bullying (around 10%) was found to be high in this study as well was the impact of this major job-related stressor on sleep disturbances. Although no conclusion about causality could be drawn from this cross-sectional study, the findings suggest that the contribution of workplace bullying to the burden of sleep disturbances may be substantial.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U687-IFR69, Saint-Maurice, France. isabelle.niedhammer@inserm.fr
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Niedhammer
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Degioanni
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drummond
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Acquarone
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aicardi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: André-Mazeaud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arsento
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Astier
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baille
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bajon-Thery
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barre
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Basire
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Battu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baudry
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beatini
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beaud'huin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bellezza
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beque
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beyssier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blanc-Cascio
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blanchet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blondel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boisselot
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bordes-Dupuy
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Borrelly
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouhnik
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boulard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borreau
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bourret
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Boustière
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Breton
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bugeon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buono-Michel
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Canonne
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Capella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavin-Rey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cervoni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Charreton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Charrier
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chauvin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chazal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cougnot
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cuvelier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dalivoust
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Daumas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Debaille
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Bretteville
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delaforge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delchambre
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Domeny
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ducord-Chapelet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Durand-Bruguerolle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fabre
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faivre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Falleri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrando
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrari-Galano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flutet
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fouché
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freyder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gazazian
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gérard
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giuge
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goyer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gravier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guyomard
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hacquin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Halimi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ibagnes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Icart
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jacquin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jaubert
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Joret
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Julien
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kacel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kesmedjian
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lafon-Borelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lallai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laudicina
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Leclercq
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ledieu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leroyer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Loesche
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Londi
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Longueville
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lotte
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Louvain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lozé
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maculet-Simon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magallon
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marcelot
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mareel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Masse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Méric
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Milliet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mokhtari
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Monville
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Obadia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pelser
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peyron
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peyronnin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Postel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Presseq
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pyronnet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quinsat
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raulot-Lapointe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rigaud
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubini-Remigy
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sabate
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saccomano-Pertus
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salengro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salengro-Trouillez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sendra-Gille
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seyrig
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tarpinian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavernier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tempesta
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terracol
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torresani
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Triglia
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vandomme
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vieillard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vilmot
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vital
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004291:Dominance-Subordination; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data