title: Clinical effectiveness: an approach to clinical trial design more relevant to clinical practice, acknowledging the importance of individual differences.
authors.affiliation: Pain Research and Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 37 B, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany The UK Cochrane Centre, NHS R&D Programme, Summertown Pavilion, Middle Way, Oxford OX2 7LG, UK Pain Clinic/Regional Centre of Excellence in Palliative Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Pain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 140, 00029 HUS, Finland CPMC Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Derry
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: McQuay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Straube
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aldington
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiffen
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalso
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rowbotham
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D015588:Observer Variation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome