title: Utilizing fungus myceliated grain for molt induction and performance in commercial laying hens.
abstract: Molting in poultry is used to rejuvenate hens for a second or third laying cycle. Feed withdrawal was once the most effective method used for molt induction; however, it has being phased out due to food safety and animal welfare concerns. This study evaluated the utilization of fungus myceliated grain as a safe and effective alternative for inducing molt, enhancing immunity, reducing Salmonella growth, and returning to egg production. Laying hens were subjected to 1 of 5 treatments: 1) nonfed (NF), 2) full-fed (FF), 3) fungus myceliated meal (FM), 4) 90% fungus myceliated meal+10% standard layer ration (FM-90), and 5) 90% alfalfa meal+10% fungus myceliated meal (AF-90). Each treatment condition was replicated 9 times during a 9-d molt period. The results revealed that egg production for treatments 1 and 3 ceased completely by d 5, whereas hens in treatments 4 and 5 ceased egg production by d 6. The percentage of BW loss decreased significantly (P<0.05) in treatments 1 (57%), 2 (8%), 3 (35%), 4 (37%), and 5 (44%). Ovary weights of hens fed all molting diets decreased significantly from the full-fed control but did not differ significantly (P<0.05) from each other. Salmonella population in the crop, ovary, and ceca from hens differed significantly (P<0.05) among treatments. Return to egg production differed between treatments with higher production beginning in treatment 3 and ending in treatment 5. Antibody titers did differ (P<0.05) among treatments. From these results, fungus myceliated meal appears to be a viable alternative to conventional feed withdrawal and other methods for the successful induction of molt and retention of postmolt performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA. willisw@ncat.edu
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Isikhuemhen
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Byers
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000276:immunology*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000662:veterinary; D001835:Body Weight / Q000276:immunology; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D018978:Molting / Q000276:immunology*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000276:immunology; D010058:Oviposition / Q000276:immunology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial