title: Milk intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and prostate cancer.
abstract: Milk intake is widely recommended for a healthy diet. Recent evidences suggest that milk/dairy products are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. On the other hand, high calcium intake has been associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer. The calcium and vitamin D content in dairy foods could have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and renin/angiotensin system as well regulates body weight. The association between high dairy/calcium consumption and prostate cancer risk are related to the presence of estrogens and insulin like growth factor (IGF-I) in milk. Based on the current evidence, it is possible that milk/dairy products, when consumed in adequate amounts and mainly with reduced fat content, has a beneficial effect on the prevention of hypertension and diabetes. Its potential role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer is not well supported and requires additional study.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Imartini@usp.br
authors.forename: Ligia Araújo
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: Richard James
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I