title: Tactics and economics of wildlife oral rabies vaccination, Canada and the United States.
abstract: Progressive elimination of rabies in wildlife has been a general strategy in Canada and the United States; common campaign tactics are trap-vaccinate-release (TVR), point infection control (PIC), and oral rabies vaccination (ORV). TVR and PIC are labor intensive and the most expensive tactics per unit area (approximately $616/km(2) [in 2008 Can$, converted from the reported $450/km(2) in 1991 Can$] and approximately $612/km(2) [$500/km(2) in 1999 Can$], respectively), but these tactics have proven crucial to elimination of raccoon rabies in Canada and to maintenance of ORV zones for preventing the spread of raccoon rabies in the United States. Economic assessments have shown that during rabies epizootics, costs of human postexposure prophylaxis, pet vaccination, public health, and animal control spike. Modeling studies, involving diverse assumptions, have shown that ORV programs can be cost-efficient and yield benefit:cost ratios >1.0.
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521-2154, USA. ray.t.sterner@aphis.usda.gov
authors.forename: Ray T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Sterner
authors.forename: Martin I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shwiff
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Slate
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D002170:Canada; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D046029:Coyotes; D005589:Foxes; D006801:Humans; D012889:Mephitidae; D018803:Models, Economic; D011818:Rabies / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D011819:Rabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D011821:Raccoons; D014481:United States; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D011819:Rabies Vaccines