title: [Irritative bladder symptoms after vaginal delivery or c-section].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study intended to investigate the frequency of irritative bladder symptoms three years after delivery in women previously interviewed in the third trimester of pregnancy and its correlation to mode of delivery, parity, maternal age, birth weight, episiotomy and forceps.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 340 women previously evaluated at the third trimester of pregnancy, 120 were interviewed three years after delivery, between June and October 2006. Correlation of postpartum irritative bladder symptoms and mode of delivery (exclusively vaginal or c-section), parity, maternal age, birth weight, episiotomy and forceps was analyzed. Associations between irritative bladder symptoms and obstetric parameters were assessed by the Fisher's exact test and Chi-square (p< 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group consisted of 37.5% primiparous and 62.5% multiparous women. Mode of delivery was exclusively vaginal in 53 women and exclusively c-section in 42. No statistical difference was found between irritative bladder symptoms and mode of delivery and parity. No statistical difference was found between irritative symptoms and maternal age (> 35), birth weight (>or= 4000 g), episiotomy and forceps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After childbirth, dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, characterized by irritative bladder symptoms, was not associated with mode of delivery, parity, maternal age, birth weight, episiotomy and forceps.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia Pary
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Scarpa
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Paulo Cesar Rodrigues
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: Cassio Luis Zanettini
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Riccetto
authors.forename: Sirlei Siani
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Morais
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004841:Episiotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D010298:Parity / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult