[Adipogenesis and osteoporosis].
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found in bone marrow stroma, are able to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes, among other cellphenotypes. In normal bone marrow balance osteoblastic an adipocytes cell differentiation favour bone formation, while in osteoporosis there is an increased adipocytes content. Since osteoblasts and adipocytes originate from a common MSC precursor cell, here we discuss whether quantitative and qualitative stem cell defects may be the cause of alterations in the number and function of differentiated cells. This review analyzes some conditions that contribute to different osteogenic/adipogenic potentials in human bone marrow MSCs obtained from control and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. We analyze the protective effect exerted by locally generated factors like estradiol and leptin on MSCs differentiation, because altered bioavailability of these factors may play a role in osteoporosis. Osteoporotic MSCs (o-MSCs) are characterized by increased adipogenic potential as compared to control cells. Leptin exerted a direct protective action against adiposeness only in control cells. In contrast, leptin action on o-MSCs is hampered, suggesting that inadequate leptin action may be associated to lipid accumulation in bone marrow.
Rodríguez
Juan Pablo
JP
Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. jprodrig@inta.cl
Astudillo
Pablo
P
Ríos
Susana
S
Seitz
Germán
G
Pino
Ana María
AM
D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000502:physiology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000378:metabolism*
D020738:Leptin; D004958:Estradiol