title: Hepatic changes during various periods of reperfusion after induction of renal ischemia in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have suggested that ischemic damage to the kidneys causes liver tissue alterations. Thus, the morbidity and mortality in patients with acute renal failure (ARF) may be related to liver complications as well as to renal injury. The aim of the present study was to assess the hepatic changes during various periods of reperfusion after induction of renal ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male rats were subjected to either a sham operation or to a 45-minute ischemia followed by 1, 3, 6, or 24 hours of reperfusion. Arterial pressure was continuously monitored. Blood samples were drawn to measure serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated hepatic concentrations of interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Ischemia reperfusion (IR) caused significant reductions in renal function as demonstrated by increased values of serum creatinine and BUN. These rats also showed significant increases in hepatic TNF-alpha and IL-10 concentrations. The most significant changes among inflammatory factors in the liver were observed at 3 hours of reperfusion: TNF-alpha, 616 +/- 41 vs 215 +/- 16, and IL-10, 926 +/- 73 vs 125 +/- 34, pg/100 mg tissue (P <or= .05). Twenty-four-hour reperfusion reduced the extent of liver injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal IR affects liver inflammatory status, possibly due to increased renal production or impaired clearance of mediators of tissue injury, namely proinflammatory cytokines. The reduction in liver injury at 24 hours of reperfusion compared with the other groups, suggested activation of late-protective mechanisms. These observations may be important for clinical interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality of ARF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Golab
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadkhodaee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zahmatkesh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghaznavi
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Arab
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seifi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleimani
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000379:methods; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine