title: CCR5Delta32 genotype is associated with outcome in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether the genetic variant CCR5Delta32 in the CC-chemokine receptor 5, which is known to lead to CCR5 deficiency, is associated with mortality in type 2 diabetes patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effect of presence or absence of the CCR5Delta32 on overall and cardiovascular mortality risk in the Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC) cohort, a type 2 diabetes patient cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 756 patients with a mean duration of follow-up of 5.4 (+/- 1.4) years. 194 patients died during follow up of which 83 were cardiovascular deaths. 144 subjects (19%) carried the CCR5Delta32 deletion. CCR5Delta32 carriers had an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.62 (95%CI: 0.40-0.96; p=0.03) for all-cause mortality and 0.63 (95%CI: 0.33-1.19; p=0.16) for cardiovascular mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of CCR5Delta32 is associated with better survival in type 2 diabetes patients. These data suggest that it is worthwhile to explore the protective potential of pharmacological blockade of CCR5 in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. f.l.h.muntinghe@int.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Friso L H
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Muntinghe
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Stephan J L
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: Gijs W D
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Landman
authors.forename: Pim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Harst
authors.forename: Henk J G
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bilo
authors.forename: Gerjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Navis
authors.forename: Mike W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Zuurman
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics*; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D019713:Receptors, CCR5