title: Moral transgression, disease and holistic health in the Livingstonia Mission in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Malawi.
abstract: This article examines ideas of morality and health, and connections between moral transgression and disease in both Scottish missionary and Central African thought in the context of the Livingstonia Mission of the Presbyterian Free Church of Scotland in Malawi during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By concentrating on debates, conflicts and co-operation between missionaries and Africans over the key issues of beer drinking and sexual morality, this article explores the emergence of a new "moral hygiene" among African Christian communities in Northern Malawi.
authors.affiliation: University of Jyväskylä
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hokkanen
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D004194:Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D008295:Malawi / Q000208:ethnology; D066189:Missionaries; D009014:Morals; D011634:Public Health / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education / Q000266:history; D012067:Religion / Q000266:history; D008921:Religious Missions / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D019529:Sexuality / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D012919:Social Behavior; D012924:Social Conditions / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history; D012940:Social Problems / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D012941:Social Responsibility; D012945:Social Values / Q000208:ethnology