title: Creating context for the use of DNA adduct data in cancer risk assessment: I. Data organization.
abstract: The assessment of human cancer risk from chemical exposure requires the integration of diverse types of data. Such data involve effects at the cell and tissue levels. This report focuses on the specific utility of one type of data, namely DNA adducts. Emphasis is placed on the appreciation that such DNA adduct data cannot be used in isolation in the risk assessment process but must be used in an integrated fashion with other information. As emerging technologies provide even more sensitive quantitative measurements of DNA adducts, integration that establishes links between DNA adducts and accepted outcome measures becomes critical for risk assessment. The present report proposes an organizational approach for the assessment of DNA adduct data (e.g., type of adduct, frequency, persistence, type of repair process) in concert with other relevant data, such as dosimetry, toxicity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and tumor incidence, to inform characterization of the mode of action. DNA adducts are considered biomarkers of exposure, whereas gene mutations and chromosomal alterations are often biomarkers of early biological effects and also can be bioindicators of the carcinogenic process.
authors.affiliation: National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, on detail from National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Annie M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jarabek
authors.forename: Lynn H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Pottenger
authors.forename: Larry S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casciano
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Embry
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R Julian
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: M Vijayaraj
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schoeny
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shuker
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skare
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swenberg
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Errol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zeiger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000032:analysis*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D018736:DNA Adducts