title: Mastoiditis in a paediatric population: a review of 11 years experience in management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explores the experience at Sydney Children's Hospital (SCH) managing children with acute mastoiditis and establishes a robust treatment algorithm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of all patients admitted to SCH with an ICD-10 coding of "Mastoiditis" from 1 January 1996 through 31 December 2006 inclusive. Criteria assessed included demographic characteristics, clinical features, symptom duration and treatment initiated by the general practitioner. The results of investigations at SCH were reviewed including white blood cell count, microbiology and imaging. The presence of complications was determined and the results of medical and surgical treatment were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-nine episodes of acute mastoiditis were managed in 76 patients. Treatment prior to SCH was commenced by the family practitioner or district hospital doctor in 53/79 patients. The mean duration of community initiated treatment before presentation to SCH was 3.7 days. In 33 episodes a previous history of acute otitis media was noted (42%). In the remaining 46 episodes (58%) mastoiditis was the initial diagnosis. Complications were found in 30 episodes (38%) and 36 episodes (46%) required surgical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mastoiditis often develops rapidly but may be treated very effectively. The potential for significant morbidity remains high but excellent outcomes can be expected for those who are managed without delay. Children with acute mastoiditis should be managed in centres where timely and complete medical and surgical treatment is available.
authors.affiliation: The University of New South Wales, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Prince of Wales and Sydney Children's Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Leo H Y
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Barakate
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Havas
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008417:Mastoiditis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents