title: [Retrospective case analysis of ophthalmological and systemic risk factors in patients with retinal vascular occlusion].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine systemic risk factors for acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and to evaluate the usefulness of systemic diagnostics in CRAO and CRVO.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of a retrospective chart review including 80 patients (CRAO 38, CRVO 42). All patients underwent systemic diagnostics including blood pressure measurement, blood cholesterol level, carotid Doppler imaging, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), intraocular pressure measurement, glaucoma history and presence of thrombophilic factors. A systemic medical history was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systemic hypertension was found in 76.3% CRAO and 75.6% CRVO patients. Abnormal cardiac findings were detected in 61% (CRAO) and 22% (CRVO). Abnormal carotid findings were detected in 44.1% for CRAO and 9.5% for CRVO. Pathological thrombophilic factors were found in both groups for approximately 15%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TTE and carotid Doppler are important tools in the diagnosis of sources of emboli in patients with CRAO, while for CRVO abnormal findings are revealed by TTE and carotid Doppler less often. Thrombophilia should be ruled out in the absence of common risk factors, especially in younger patients and systemic hypertension should be adequately controlled.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Ophthalmologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold Heller-Strasse 3, Haus 25, Kiel, Deutschland. cklatt@auge.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klatt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Purtskhvanidze
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasselbach
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Treumer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hillenkamp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015356:Retinal Artery Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors