title: Roasted coffees high in lipophilic antioxidants and chlorogenic acid lactones are more neuroprotective than green coffees.
abstract: Oxidative stress is involved in many neurodegenerative processes leading to age-related cognitive decline. Coffee, a widely consumed beverage, is rich in many bioactive components, including polyphenols with antioxidant potential. In this study, regular and decaffeinated samples of both roasted and green coffee all showed high hydrophilic antioxidant activity in vitro, whereas lipophilic antioxidant activities were on average 30-fold higher in roasted than in green coffee samples. In primary neuronal cell culture, pretreatment with green and roasted coffees (regular and decaffeinated) protected against subsequent H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress and improved neuronal cell survival (green coffees increased neuron survival by 78%, compared to 203% by roasted coffees). All coffee extracts inhibited ERK1/2 activation, indicating a potential attenuating effect in stress-induced neuronal cell death. Interestingly, only roasted coffee extracts inhibited JNK activation, evidencing a distinctive neuroprotective benefit. Analysis of coffee phenolic compounds revealed that roasted coffees contained high levels of chlorogenic acid lactones (CGLs); a significant correlation between CGLs and neuroprotective efficacy was observed (R(2) = 0.98). In conclusion, this study showed that roasted coffees are high in lipophilic antioxidants and CGLs, can protect neuronal cells against oxidative stress, and may do so by modulation of the ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Kraft Foods Research & Nutrition, 801 Waukegan Road, Glenview, Illinois 60025, USA. yifang.chu@kraft.com
authors.forename: Yi-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lyle
authors.forename: Yumin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chih-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Irene H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D005511:Food Handling; D007783:Lactones / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003069:Coffee; D007783:Lactones; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid