title: Stem cells for myocardial repair with use of a transarterial catheter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Using a swine model of postinfarction left ventricle (LV) remodeling, we investigated marrow-derived, multipotent progenitor cell (MPC) transplantation into hearts with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) via a novel transarterial catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The left anterior descending coronary artery was balloon-occluded after percutaneous transluminal angiography to generate AMI (60-minute no-flow ischemia). The transarterial catheter was then placed in the same coronary artery, and either 50x10(6) MPCs (cell group, n=6) or saline (control, n=6) was injected into the border zone (BZ) myocardium. LV function was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging before AMI and at 1 and 4 weeks after AMI, whereas myocardial energy metabolism was assessed by (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy at week 4. One week after AMI, the ejection fraction was significantly reduced in both groups from a baseline of approximately 50% to 31.3+/-3.9% (cell group) and 33.3+/-3.1% (control). However, at week 4, the cell group had a significant recovery in ejection fraction. The functional improvements were accompanied by a significant improvement in myocardial bioenergetics. Histologic data demonstrated a 0.55% cell engraftment rate 4 weeks after MPC transplantation. Only 2% of engrafted cells were costaining positive for cardiogenic markers. Vascular density in the BZ was increased in the cell group. Conditioned medium from cultured MPCs contained high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, which was increased in response to hypoxia. MPCs cocultured with cardiomyocytes inhibited changes in cardiomyocyte mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, a paracrine effect may contribute significantly to the observed therapeutic effects of MPC transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mohammad Nurulqadr
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Jameel
authors.forename: Qinglu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mansoor
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiang
authors.forename: Cory
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Swingen
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panetta
authors.forename: Jianyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D013552:Swine; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate