title: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Philippines: a 9-year cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, there are no available data on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Philippines. A cohort derived from a national study population (FNRI-NNS, 1998) was revisited after 9 years to yield valuable data on glucose homeostasis among Filipinos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six out of 13 national regions were included in the cohort. There were 1749 out of 2122 respondents (82.4%). 1386 (95.9%) consented to a fasting blood glucose (FBG) test, and 1275 (88.2%) completed the 2h post-glucose (2HPG) load determination using whole blood capillary samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a significant increase of mean FBGs (91.5mg/dL to 103.3mg/dL) from 1998 to 2007. The 9-year incidence of T2DM was 16.3%. The prevalence of T2DM was 28.0%. The prevalence of pre-diabetes, i.e., combined impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 31.3%; IFG was 17.5% and IGT was 23.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study shows the alarming growth of diabetes, IFG, and IGT in our country that warrants early aggressive intervention for prevention and management. We encourage the use of 2h post-glucose load aside from FBG in screening for true diabetics, IFGs, and IGTs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, Manila Doctors Hospital, University of the Philippines, Philippines. malusoriamd2003@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Maria Luz B
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: Rody G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sy
authors.forename: Bernard S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ty-Willing
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abenir-Gallardo
authors.forename: Felicidad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Velandria
authors.forename: Felix Eduardo
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Punzalan
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005215:Fasting; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose