title: Risk factors for morbidity after lobectomy for lung cancer in elderly patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies evaluating risk factors for complications after lobectomy in elderly patients have not adequately analyzed the effect of using minimally invasive approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  A model for morbidity including published preoperative risk factors and surgical approach was developed by multivariable logistic regression. All patients aged 70 years or older who underwent lobectomy for primary lung cancer without chest wall resection or airway procedure between December 1999 and October 2007 at a single institution were reviewed. Preoperative, histopathologic, perioperative, and outcome variables were assessed using standard descriptive statistics. Morbidity was measured as a patient having any perioperative complication. The impact of bias in the selection of surgical approach was assessed using propensity scoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 338 patients older than 70 years (mean age, 75.7 +/- 0.2) underwent lobectomy (219 thoracoscopy, 119 thoracotomy). Operative mortality was 3.8% (13 patients) and morbidity was 47% (159 patients). Patients with at least one complication had increased length of stay (8.3 +/- 0.6 versus 3.8 +/- 0.1 days; p < 0.0001) and mortality (6.9% [11 of 159] versus 1.1% [2 of 179]; p = 0.008). Significant predictors of morbidity by multivariable analysis included age (odds ratio, 1.09 per year; p = 0.01) and thoracotomy as surgical approach (odds ratio, 2.21; p = 0.004). Thoracotomy remained a significant predictor of morbidity when the propensity to undergo thoracoscopy was considered (odds ratio, 4.9; p= 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients older than 70 years of age can undergo lobectomy for lung cancer with low morbidity and mortality. Advanced age and the use of a thoracotomy increased the risk of complications in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Betty C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Burfeind
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Harpole
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Onaitis
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends