title: Safety of carotid endarterectomy in patients concurrently on clopidogrel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clopidogrel (Plavix) usage is increasing, primarily for the management of patients with cerebrovascular symptoms and for those receiving drug-eluting coronary artery stents. A significant percentage of these patients will require carotid endarterectomy (CEA) while they are receiving clopidogrel. Recent data have demonstrated an increased incidence of coronary stent thrombosis when clopidogrel is discontinued. The objective of this study was to determine if CEA could be performed safely while patients are continued on clopidogrel therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort design was employed to review consecutive patients who underwent CEA over a 24-month period ending March 2007. Patients were divided into two groups based on the perioperative use of clopidogrel. Preoperative demographics and postoperative results were compared between the two groups and statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 100 patients who underwent CEA, 19 were taking clopidogrel within 5 days of surgery. This comprised the study group. The control group consisted of the 81 patients who did not receive clopidogrel. Heparin anticoagulation was routinely utilized prior to clamping in both groups. Demographics were similar between the groups. There were no statistical differences in morbidity or mortality between the control group and the clopidogrel group. Combined stroke/death rates were equivalent between the two groups (1.2% control vs. 0% clopidogrel). One hematoma developed in the control group, which did not require operative intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this series, our results suggest that patients concurrently on clopidogrel can safely undergo CEA without increased risk of hematoma or neurological complications. In view of recent data demonstrating adverse outcomes in patients discontinuing clopidogrel, this study is useful in optimally managing this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Alyssa B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chapital
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fowl
authors.forename: Samuel R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Money
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D006493:Heparin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine