title: Long-term significance of injury to the supraorbital  or supratrochlear nerves during frontoorbital advancement  in infancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a series of 26 infants undergoing frontoorbital advancement in their first year of life, the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves were not preserved during surgery in nearly all cases. Of these 26 patients, 25 could be followed up postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the children spontaneously complained of any sensory disturbances thereafter. In neurologic follow-up examinations or telephone interviews 11-81 (median, 39) months after surgery, the patients, respectively their parents were explicitly asked for sensory deficits. The majority of patients had no sensory disturbances at all; two patients reported on dysesthesias when touching the forehead, not affecting them in their daily life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that (1) anatomical transsection of the supraorbital or supratrochlear nerve in very young patients may be functionally fully compensated over time, (2) the preservation of the supraorbital or supratrochlear nerve in frontoorbital advancement in patients less than 1 year of age is of no major significance in the long term and (3) partial anatomical preservation with functional impairment of the nerves may result in dysesthesias in the forehead. Therefore, from a practical surgical standpoint, deliberate anatomical transsection in this age group may be superior to partial morphological preservation of the nerves with subsequent functional impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The University Hospital of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wiewrodt
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000294:innervation* / Q000601:surgery; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome