title: Nanocarrier for the transdermal delivery of an antiparkinsonian drug.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of nanoemulsions as nanodrug carrier systems for the percutaneous delivery of ropinirole. Nanoemulsions comprised Capryol 90 as the oil phase, Tween 20 as the surfactant, Carbitol as the cosurfactant, and water as an external phase. The effects of composition of nanoemulsion, including the ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant (Smix) and their concentration on skin permeation, were evaluated. All the prepared nanoemulsions showed a significant increase in permeation parameters such as steady state flux (Jss) and permeability coefficient (Kp) when compared to the control (p<0.01). Nanoemulsion composition (NEL3) comprising ropinirole (0.5% w/w), Capryol 90 (5% w/w), Smix 2:1 (35% w/w), and water (59.5% w/w) showed the highest flux (51.81+/-5.03 microg/cm2/h) and was selected for formulation into nanoemulsion gel. The gel was further optimized with respect to oil concentration (Capryol 90), polymer concentration (Carbopol), and drug content by employing the Box-Behnken design, which statistically evaluated the effects of these components on ropinirole permeation. Oil and polymer concentrations were found to have a negative influence on permeation, while the drug content had a positive effect. Nanoemulsion gel showed a 7.5-fold increase in skin permeation rate when compared to the conventional hydrogel. In conclusion, the results of the present investigation suggested a promising role of nanoemulsions in enhancing the transdermal permeation of ropinirole.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India. adnan.azeem@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azeem
authors.forename: Farhan J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Roop K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Khar
authors.forename: Sushama
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Talegaonkar
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D005782:Gels; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D005782:Gels; D007211:Indoles; C046649:ropinirole