title: Effects of salivary gland homogenate from wild-caught and laboratory-reared Lutzomyia longipalpis on the evolution and immunomodulation of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection.
abstract: We investigated the effects of Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary glands homogenate of wild-caught and laboratory-reared vectors on the lesion evolution and immunomodulation of the infection caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. To compare the effect of both salivary glands homogenate (SGH), C57BL/6 mice were inoculated subcutaneously into the hind footpads or into the ear dermis with 10(6) promastigotes in the presence or not of SGH from wild-caught and laboratory-colonized sand flies. Comparing SGH groups, the lesion size was lower in mice co-inoculated with wild-caught SGH, as the parasitism and the infiltration of macrophages at the inoculation site. Wild-caught SGH also determined lower production of IL-4 and IL-10 but higher IL-12 levels compared with laboratory-reared SGH. Our findings address a probable bias by using SGH from laboratory-colonized sand flies instead of wild-caught vector SGH in studies concerning saliva effects. A possible mild influence of sand fly saliva in natural infections caused by Leishmania is also speculated, as infection is transmitted by wild and not by laboratory-reared vectors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. mdlauren@usp.br
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Laurenti
authors.forename: V L R
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: da Matta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pernichelli
authors.forename: N F C
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Secundino
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: C E P
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.forename: P P F
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Pimenta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D000835:Animals, Wild; D002452:Cell Count; D004423:Ear / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D007894:Leishmania mexicana; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000737:chemistry; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000737:chemistry*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D007371:Interferon-gamma