title: Foraminiferal assemblages in Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA: responses to urban and agricultural influence in a subtropical estuary.
abstract: This study assessed foraminiferal assemblages in Biscayne Bay, Florida, a heavily utilized estuary, interpreting changes over the past 65 years and providing a baseline for future comparisons. Analyses of foraminiferal data at the genus level revealed three distinct biotopes. The assemblage from the northern bay was characterized by stress-tolerant taxa, especially Ammonia, present in low abundances ( approximately 2.0 x 10(3) foraminifers/gram) though relatively high diversity ( approximately 19 genera/sample). The southwestern margin of the bay was dominated by Ammonia and Quinqueloculina, an assemblage characterized by the lowest diversities ( approximately 12 genera/sample) and highest abundances ( approximately 1.1 x 10(4) foraminifers/gram), influenced by both reduced salinity and elevated organic-carbon concentrations. A diverse assemblage of smaller miliolids and rotaliids ( approximately 26 genera/sample) characterized the open-bay assemblage, which also had a significant component ( approximately 10%) of taxa that host algal endosymbionts. In the past 65 years, populations of symbiont-bearing taxa, which are indicators of normal-marine conditions, have decreased while stress-tolerant taxa, especially Ammonia spp., have increased in predominance.
authors.affiliation: College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Carnahan
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hoare
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hallock
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lidz
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Reich
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D044822:Biodiversity; D005431:Florida; D056908:Foraminifera / Q000502:physiology*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D011156:Population Density; D014506:Urban Renewal; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical