title: Comparing two different arginine vasopressin doses in advanced vasodilatory shock: a randomized, controlled, open-label trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of two arginine vasopressin (AVP) dose regimens on the hemodynamic response, catecholamine requirements, AVP plasma concentrations, organ function and adverse events in advanced vasodilatory shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, controlled, open-label trial, patients with vasodilatory shock due to sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome or after cardiac surgery requiring norepinephrine >0.6 microg/kg/min were randomized to receive a supplementary AVP infusion either at 0.033 IU/min (n = 25) or 0.067 IU/min (n = 25). The hemodynamic response, catecholamine doses, laboratory and organ function variables as well as adverse events (decrease in cardiac index or platelet count, increase in liver enzymes or bilirubin) were recorded before, 1, 12, 24 and 48 h after randomization. A linear mixed effects model was used for statistical analysis in order to account for drop-outs during the observation period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rate and norepinephrine requirements decreased while MAP increased in both groups. Patients receiving AVP at 0.067 IU/min required less norepinephrine (P = 0.006) than those infused with AVP at 0.033 IU/min. Arterial lactate and base deficit decreased while arterial pH increased in both groups. During the observation period, AVP plasma levels increased in both groups (both P < 0.001), but were higher in the 0.067 IU/min group (P < 0.001) and in patients on concomitant hydrocortisone. The rate of adverse events and intensive care unit mortality was comparable between groups (0.033 IU/min, 52%; 0.067 IU/min, 52%; P = 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A supplementary AVP infusion of 0.067 IU/min restores cardiovascular function in patients with advanced vasodilatory shock more effectively than AVP at 0.033 IU/min.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torgersen
authors.forename: Martin W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dünser
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jochberger
authors.forename: Viktoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Schmittinger
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grander
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luckner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012769:Shock / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D009638:Norepinephrine