title: Circulating endothelial microparticles as a marker of cerebrovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) have been reported to reflect vascular damage. Detailed profiling of these blood endothelial markers may adumbrate the pathogenesis of stroke or enable determination of the risk for stroke. We investigated EMP profiles in patients at risk for cerebrovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively examined 348 consecutive patients: 73 patients with acute stroke and 275 patients with vascular risk factors but no stroke events. We quantified various types of EMPs by flow cytometry using CD31, CD42b, annexin V (AV), and CD62E antibodies in the peripheral blood of patients. This method allowed fractionation of CD31(+)/CD42b(-), CD31(+)/AV(+), and CD62E(+) EMPs. Clinical and laboratory factors associated with EMPs were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent ischemic episodes were found to be more strongly associated with greater CD62E(+) EMP levels than with levels of other phenotypes. Increased National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores and infarct volumes in acute stroke patients were significantly associated with greater CD62E(+) EMP levels. In the risk factor group, patients with extracranial arterial stenosis had greater CD62E(+) EMP levels, whereas those with intracranial arterial stenosis had greater CD31(+)/CD42b(-) and CD31(+)/AV(+) EMP levels. The ratio of CD62E(+) to CD31(+)/CD42b(-) or CD31(+)/AV(+) EMP level significantly discriminated extracranial and intracranial arterial stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating EMP phenotypic profiles reflect distinct phenotypes of cerebrovascular disease and are markers of vascular pathology and an increased risk for ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Keun-Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Kon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Soon-Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee-Kwon
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bahn
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Manho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kun Lee
authors.forename: Jae-Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Roh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000378:metabolism; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex