title: Astroglia in medullary dorsal horn (trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis) are involved in trigeminal neuropathic pain mechanisms.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether astroglia in the medullary dorsal horn (trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis; Vc) may be involved in orofacial neuropathic pain following trigeminal nerve injury. The effects of intrathecal administration of the astroglial aconitase inhibitor sodium fluoroacetate (FA) were tested on Vc astroglial hyperactivity [as revealed by glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) labeling], nocifensive behavior, Vc extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation (pERK), and Vc neuronal activity in inferior alveolar nerve-transected (IANX) rats. Compared with sham-control rats, a significant increase occurred in GFAP-positive cells in ipsilateral Vc at postoperative day 7 in IANX rats, which was prevented following FA administration. FA significantly increased the reduced head withdrawal latency to high-intensity heat stimulation of the maxillary whisker pad skin in IANX rats, although it did not significantly affect the reduced escape threshold to low-intensity mechanical stimulation of the whisker skin in IANX rats. FA also significantly reduced the increased number of pERK-like immunoreactive cells in Vc and the enhanced Vc nociceptive neuronal responses following high-intensity skin stimulation that were documented in IANX rats, and glutamine administration restored the enhanced responses. These various findings provide the first documentation that astroglia is involved in the enhanced nociceptive responses of functionally identified Vc nociceptive neurons and in the associated orofacial hyperalgesia following trigeminal nerve injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okada-Ogawa
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Sessle
authors.forename: Chen-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.forename: Jonathan O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Dostrovsky
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014275:Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D020433:Trigeminal Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*