title: Polyphyly of the Zaprionus genus group (Diptera: Drosophilidae).
abstract: The Zaprionus genus group comprises three drosophilid genera (Zaprionus, Phorticella and Samoaia) that are thought to be related to the Drosophila immigrans species group. We revised the phylogenetic relationships among the three genera and their placement within the subfamily Drosophilinae using one mitochondrial (COII) and one nuclear (Amyrel) gene. The Bayesian tree inferred from concatenated amino acid sequences of the two genes strongly suggests the polyphyly of the Zaprionus genus group and of each of the genera Zaprionus and Phorticella. Paraphyly of the D.immigrans species group was also shown here; the quadrilineata subgroup formed the sister clade to the genus Samoaia. These results suggest the necessity of taxonomic revisions for some relevant genera and species groups included within the genus Drosophila.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation (LEGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France. Electronic address: yassin@legs.cnrs-gif.fr.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yassin
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation (LEGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Da Lage
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation (LEGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Biosystematics Laboratory, Kyushu University, 810-8560 Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista), 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Madi-Ravazzi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Stéphane R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Prigent
authors.affiliation: Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0819 Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Toda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D018428:Drosophilidae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial