title: Impact of polymorphisms of TLR4/CD14 and TLR3 on acute rejection in kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Organ transplantation itself inevitably activates the innate immune system by toll-like receptors (TLRs), potentially leading to allograft rejection and graft failure. We evaluated the possible association between the TLR4/CD14 and TLR3 polymorphisms of donor-recipient pairs, and acute rejection after living donor kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  TLR4 -1607T/C (rs10759932), -2026A/G (rs1927914); CD14 -159C/T (rs2569190); and TLR3 rs3775290, rs3775291, and rs3775296 were genotyped using DNA samples from 216 donor-recipient pairs of adult living donor kidney transplantation between January 1996 and July 2006. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the functional significance of promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute rejection occurred in 42 recipients (19.4%) of 216 adult transplant patients within 1 year. The genotype distributions of both recipient and donor TLR4 rs10759932 differed significantly between the control (no rejection) and acute rejection groups. For recipient rs10759932, the adjusted odds ratio for the TC+CC over TT genotype was 0.25 (95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.57; P =0.001). When the rs10759932 CC genotype was present in the recipient or donor, no episode of acute rejection occurred (Fisher's exact test, P =0.023). The presence of the rs10759932 C allele was associated with higher rejection-free survival rates (log-rank test, P =0.0053). However, there was no difference in transcriptional activity between wild-type and variant promoters of TLR4. In contrast to TLR4, SNPs of TLR3 or CD14 had no influence on acute rejection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest the importance of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of acute rejection in kidney transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ro
authors.forename: Inho
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyunsook
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kook-Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jong-Ik
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Myoung Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Suhnggwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jaeseok
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Curie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; C495344:TLR3 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4