title: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding during the first month after renal transplantation in the mycophenolate mofetil era.
abstract: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among renal transplant recipients. We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients who received renal transplantations between January 2001 and July 2007 using mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in their immunosuppressive regimens. The following data were recorded for those subjects with upper GI bleeding during the first month after transplantation (group B, cases): age, sex, acute rejection episodes, pretransplant upper GI endoscopic findings, Helicobacter positivity, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity. The same parameters were studied among a group of patients, who did not have a history of upper GI bleeding (group A, controls). A statistical analysis was performed to ascertain potential risk factors. Among 523 patients (311 females, 212 males) of age range 7 to 58 years, 27 (5.2%) had upper GI bleeding: 13 males and 14 females of mean age 44 +/- 12 years. The most frequent endoscopic finding was erosive gastritis (n = 13; 48.1%) followed by duodenal ulcers. Binary logistic regression analysis comparing the 2 groups showed that acute rejection episodes (P = .015) and active CMV infection (P = .046) were the most prominent risk factors for upper GI bleeding during the first month after renal transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ardalan34@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ardalan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Etemadi
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Somi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghafari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghojazadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid