title: Stem cell-like human endothelial progenitors show enhanced colony-forming capacity after brief sevoflurane exposure: preconditioning of angiogenic cells by volatile anesthetics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial progenitor cells play a pivotal role in tissue repair, and thus are used for cell replacement therapies in "regenerative medicine." We tested whether the anesthetic sevoflurane would modulate growth or mobilization of these angiogenic cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an in vitro model, mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors were preconditioned with sevoflurane (3 times 30 min at 2 vol% interspersed by 30 min of air). Colony-forming units were determined after 9 days in culture and compared with time-matched untreated control. Using magnetic cell sorting, CD133+/CD34+ endothelial progenitors were enriched from human umbilical cord blood, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFR2 (KDR), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), STAT3, c-kit, and CXCR4 expressions were determined in sevoflurane-treated and untreated cells by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In a volunteer study with crossover design, we tested whether sevoflurane inhalation (<1 vol% end-tidal concentration) would mobilize endothelial progenitor cells from the bone marrow niche into the circulation using flow cytometry of peripheral blood samples. VEGF and G-CSF plasma levels were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro sevoflurane exposure of mononuclear cells enhanced colony-forming capacity and increased VEGF mRNA levels in CD133+/CD34+ cord blood cells (P = 0.017). Sevoflurane inhalation in healthy volunteers did not alter the number of CD133+/CD34+ or KDR+/CD34+ endothelial progenitors in the circulation, but increased the number of colony-forming units (P = 0.034), whereas VEGF and G-CSF plasma levels remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sevoflurane preconditioning promotes growth and proliferation of stem cell-like human endothelial progenitors. Hence, it may be used to promote perioperative vascular healing and to support cell replacement therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, 8-120 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lucchinetti
authors.forename: Steffen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zeisberger
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baruscotti
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wacker
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zaugg
authors.forename: Raghvendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: Andreas H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zisch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaugg
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000328:Adult; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008738:Methyl Ethers; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2