title: Day 1 multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is associated with poor functional outcome and mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The epidemiology and outcomes of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) are incompletely characterized in the pediatric population due to small sample size and conflicting diagnoses of organ failure. We sought to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of early MODS in a large clinical database of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients based on consensus definitions of organ failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of a contemporaneously collected clinical PICU database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Virtual Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Performance System database patient admissions from January 2004 to December 2005 for 35 U.S. children's hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  : We evaluated 63,285 consecutive PICU admissions from January 2004 to December 2005 in the Virtual Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Performance System database. We excluded patients younger than 1 month or older than 18 years of age, and hospitals with >10% missing values for MODS variables. We identified day 1 MODS by International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference criteria with day 1 laboratory and vital sign values. We evaluated functional status using Pediatric Overall Performance Category and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category scores from PICU admission and discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Student's t test, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney rank sum, Kruskal-Wallis, and linear and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed 44,693 admissions from 28 hospitals meeting inclusion criteria. Overall PICU mortality was 2.8%. We identified day 1 MODS in 18.6% of admissions. Patients with day 1 MODS had higher mortality (10.0% vs. 1.2%, p < .001), longer PICU length of stay (3.6 vs. 1.3 days, p < .001), and larger change from baseline Pediatric Overall Performance Category and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category scores at time of PICU discharge (p < .001). Infants had the highest incidence of day 1 MODS (25.2% vs. 16.5%, p < .001) compared with other age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the largest clinical dataset to date and consensus definitions for organ failure, we found that children with MODS present on day 1 of intensive care unit admission have worse functional outcomes, higher mortality, and longer PICU length of stay than children who do not have MODS on day 1. Infants are disproportionally affected by MODS.
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Katri V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Typpo
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: D Michael
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hallman
authors.forename: Barry P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Markovitz
authors.forename: M Michele
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mariscalco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000401:mortality*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate