title: Surgical and minimally invasive treatments for Peyronie's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peyronie's disease is a relatively common condition affecting men with estimates of current prevalent rates ranging from 1 to 4%. However, it has no clear management protocols, primarily due to a lack of high quality evidence in support of treatment options. This article aims to review the recent published literature on management strategies for Peyronie's disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intralesional interferon therapy has shown to result in significant improvement in Peyronie's disease plaques and curvature. Intralesional verapamil and extracorporeal shock wave therapy may help retard the progression of disease. Acellular, extracellular matrix-based grafts provide durable long-term satisfactory results in men requiring complex reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further clinical trails are warranted to evaluate the role of oral systemic therapies for early Peyronie's disease. Injection therapy, primarily with interferon, seems to be the most promising treatment for early stage Peyronie's disease. For men with established plaques, surgery using either plication or grafts forms the mainstay. There is an increasing trend to use autologous graft material that is commercially available and avoids donor site complications from autologous tissue.
authors.affiliation: All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nehra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010411:Penile Induration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*