title: Intranasal administration of a live non-pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus from a virus library confers protective immunity against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in mice: comparison of formulations and administration routes of vaccines.
abstract: Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) would cause disasters worldwide. Various strategies against HPAIVs are required to control damage. It is thought that the use of non-pathogenic avian influenza viruses as live vaccines will be effective in an emergency, even though there might be some adverse effects, because small amounts of live vaccines will confer immunity to protect against HPAIV infection. Therefore, live vaccines have the advantage of being able to be distributed worldwide soon after an outbreak. In the present study, we found that intranasal administration of a live H5N1 subtype non-pathogenic virus induced antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and protected mice against H5N1 HPAIV infection. In addition, it was found that a small amount (100 PFU) of the live vaccine was as effective as 100 microg (approximately 10(10-11) PFU of virus particles) of the inactivated whole particle vaccine in mice. Consequently, the use of live virus vaccines might be one strategy for preventing pandemics of HPAIVs in an emergency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, 485 Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashima
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Taichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soda
authors.forename: Hiroichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamatsu
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishigaki
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaoka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated