title: 2-18F-Fluoropropionic acid as a PET imaging agent for prostate cancer.
abstract: There is a high interest in developing an (18)F-labeled PET tracer that can aid in diagnosis and therapy monitoring of prostate cancer. In the current study, we have evaluated the potential of 2-(18)F-fluoropropionic acid ((18)F-FPA) as a PET tracer for imaging prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  (18)F-FPA was synthesized starting from methyl-2-bromopropionate. Small-animal PET studies were performed on mice with CWR22rv1, PC-3, DU-145, and LNCaP prostate xenografts, and comparison of imaging characteristics of (18)F-FPA with (18)F-FDG uptake is reported. Biodistribution studies with (18)F-FPA were performed on mice with CWR22rv1 xenografts and compared with (14)C-acetate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (18)F-FPA was synthesized in 44% overall radiochemical yield (decay-corrected). Small-animal PET studies revealed that (18)F-FPA can delineate both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate xenografts with high tumor-to-background ratios. Comparative imaging studies demonstrate the superior performance of (18)F-FPA over (18)F-FDG for imaging prostate cancer, with excellent tumor-to-background contrast. Biodistribution studies show that tumor uptake of the tracer was 5.52 +/- 0.35, 5.53 +/- 0.42, 5.74 +/- 0.54, and 5.34 +/- 0.19 percentage injected dose (%ID) per gram at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, respectively, after injection. The %ID/g values for (18)F-FPA and (14)C-acetate 1 h after tail vein injection were 7.08 +/- 0.80 and 0.36 +/- 0.08 in tumor, and the corresponding tumor-to-muscle ratios were 1.94 and 2.06, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data presented here indicate that (18)F-FPA accumulates in prostate cancers with high tumor-to-background ratios. (18)F-FPA has potential for use in the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA. pillarsn@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Nagavarakishore
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pillarsetty
authors.forename: Blesida
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Punzalan
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D000442:Octanols / Q000737:chemistry; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011422:Propionates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011849:Radioactive Tracers; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C544514:2-18F-fluoropropionic acid; D000085:Acetates; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D000442:Octanols; D011422:Propionates; D011849:Radioactive Tracers; D014867:Water; C029658:propionic acid