title: Interpretation of electrocardiograms by first-year residents: the need for change.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior studies have shown that misinterpretation of the electrocardiogram (ECG) can lead to inappropriate diagnoses and clinical decisions. This may be particularly true during the first month of postgraduate training. This study was designed to assess proficiency in ECG interpretation among residents at the start of their internal medicine (IM) residency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten ECGs were selected from IM department teaching files. All were representative of conditions that a starting IM resident should be able to identify. The ECGs had 1 correct primary diagnosis and a short list of secondary findings as determined by 2 cardiologists who reviewed them independently. Fifty-two first-year IM residents were given copies and asked to record their interpretations and an assessment of their certainty in each interpretation. Certainty was scored on a scale of 0 to 4 (0 representing a guess and 4 representing 100% certainty). Two blinded, independent graders scored each interpretation on a scale of 0 to 2 (0 = incorrect, 1 = partially correct, 2 = correct).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, only half of all ECGs were read correctly. For the most critical diagnoses, the mean scores were as follows: 1.73/2.0 for acute myocardial infarction, 1.5/2.0 for atrial flutter, 1.11/2.0 for ventricular tachycardia, and 0.23/2.0 for complete heart block. The average level of certainty recorded by all participants was low at 18.5 of a maximum of 40.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Internal medicine residents at the beginning of their residency training demonstrated low overall proficiency in interpreting ECGs and self-perceived confidence. Nearly all residents felt that their training was insufficient. These findings emphasize the need for improved and more effective training in ECG interpretation for physicians starting residency.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and Manhattan Campus for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, First Avenue at 16th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA. kitkungvan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Dayana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eslava
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Homel
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergmann
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009518:New York; D011361:Professional Competence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*