title: The role of carotid intima-media thickness assessment in cardiovascular risk evaluation in patients with polyvascular atherosclerosis.
abstract: In populational studies, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a valuable tool in the evaluation of cardiovascular (CV) risk. However, there is not much evidence on the relation between CIMT, and CV events in patients who have already undergone revascularization procedures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between CIMT, atherosclerosis extent and CV event rates in patients with established atherosclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline mean-CIMT was assessed in 652 patients, including 195; 191; 112; 29 with angiographic arterial stenosis >or=50% in 1; 2; 3 or 4 territories (coronary, supraaortic, renal and/or lower limb arteries), who underwent revascularization procedure in >or=1 arterial territory, and in 125 control subjects without significant lesions. For CIMT >or=1.25mm (>or=3rd quartile), the sensitivity and specificity of >or=2-territory involvement were 81.6% and 81.9%. CV events occurred in 91(14%) subjects. The Kaplan-Meier 2-year CV event-free survival was 95.6%; 93.1%; 83.8%; 77% in patients with mean-CIMT values in the 1st; 2nd; 3rd and 4th quartile. The independent CV adverse event predictors identified in the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model were: mean-CIMT >or=1.25mm (RR=2.52; CI=1.5-4.24; p=0.001); hs-CRP (RR=1.02; CI=1.0-1.03; p=0.011), claudication (RR=1.58; CI=0.98-2.57; p=0.062), accumulation of >or=4 traditional risk factors (RR=2.02; CI=1.31-3.12; p=0.002), 2-3-vessel coronary artery disease (RR=1.95; CI=1.21-3.14; p=0.006). Inclusion of CIMT into the stratification model significantly improved the prediction of CV event risk (DeltaChi(2)=13.27, p=0.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients undergoing revascularization procedure(s), CIMT has an important and independent contribution to further CV risk stratification. The mean-CIMT value >or=1.25mm is associated with 2.5-fold increased risk of adverse CV events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. kablakziembicka@op.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kablak-Ziembicka
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Przewlocki
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pieniazek
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Musialek
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sokolowski
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drwila
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadowski
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zmudka
authors.forename: Wieslawa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tracz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002346:Carotid Sinus / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D012306:Risk; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology*