title: Use of combined oral contraceptives post abortion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Providing combined oral contraceptives (COCs) following surgical or medical induced abortion offers women an opportune moment to initiate a reliable contraceptive method.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review, searching MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library for articles in any language concerning COC use following spontaneous, induced (medical or surgical) or septic abortion, from 1966 through June 2008. Seven articles were identified and evaluated using the United States Preventive Services Task Force system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate COC initiation after first-trimester medical or surgical induced abortion did not increase side effects or prolong vaginal bleeding compared with use of a placebo, copper-bearing intrauterine device (IUD), nonhormonal contraceptive method or COC initiation at a later time. Initiating COCs after first-trimester surgical abortion produced small increases in coagulation parameters compared with IUD use; although they are statistically significant, their clinical relevance is unlikely. No study examined second-trimester induced or spontaneous abortion, or septic abortion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence shows that COCs can be safely initiated immediately following surgical and medical abortion in the first-trimester of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, 27, Switzerland. gaffieldm@who.int
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gaffield
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kapp
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravi
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000031:Abortion, Septic; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined