title: [Dietary fibers: current trends and health benefits in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes].
abstract: Dietary fiber may contribute to both the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In epidemiological studies the intake of insoluble fiber, but not the intake of soluble fiber, has been inversely associated with the incidence of T2DM. In contrast, in postprandial studies, meals containing sufficiently quantities of beta-glucan, psyllium, or guar gum have decreased insulin and glucose responses in both healthy individuals and patients with T2DM. Diets enriched sufficiently in soluble fiber may also improve overall glycemic control in T2DM. Insoluble fiber has little effect on postprandial insulin and glucose responses. Fiber increases satiety. In some studies, insoluble fiber has been associated with less weight gain over time. Limited cross-sectional evidence suggests an inverse relationship between intake of cereal fiber and whole-grains and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Although long-term data from trials focusing on specifically dietary fiber are lacking, meeting current recommendations for a minimum fiber intake of 25 g/d based on a diet rich in whole grains, fruits and legumes will probably decrease the risk of obesity, the metabolic syndrome and T2DM.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio -- P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 -- Kuopio, Finland. vanessa.ferreirademello@uku.fi
authors.forename: Vanessa D de
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Laaksonen
mesh_terms: D002400:Cathartics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005685:Galactans / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008351:Mannans / Q000008:administration & dosage; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011620:Psyllium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D002400:Cathartics; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005685:Galactans; D007328:Insulin; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; D047071:beta-Glucans; D011620:Psyllium; C007894:guar gum; D005947:Glucose