title: Targeted treatment in COPD: a multi-system approach for a multi-system disease.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a varied condition when examined from a number of different perspectives including factors which influence disease development, pathological process and clinical features. There may be a complex interaction between the degree by which each of these processes influences the development of COPD and the subsequent clinical phenotype with which the patient presents. The varied host response and subsequent clinical phenotype has generated much interest in recent years. It is possible that failure of treatment to impact on mortality and reverse the disease process is because of the heterogeneous nature of the condition. Identification and targeted treatment of clinical and pathological phenotypes within the broad spectrum of COPD may therefore improve outcome. This article will review previous work which has attempted to phenotype COPD and identify if specific treatment for these phenotypes has been shown to be of benefit. It will examine the work on pathological processes and clinical manifestations, both pulmonary and systemic, and will focus on pharmacological therapies.
authors.affiliation: South Glasgow University NHS Trust, Glasgow, UK. davidg.anderson@nhs.net
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Macnee
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010641:Phenotype; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index