title: Carotid vascular abnormalities in primary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data on the presence, extent, and reversibility of cardiovascular disease in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are conflicting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated carotid structure and function in PHPT patients compared with population-based controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in a university hospital metabolic bone disease unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine men and women with PHPT and 991 controls without PHPT were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), carotid plaque presence and thickness, and carotid stiffness, strain, and distensibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IMT, carotid plaque thickness, carotid stiffness, and distensibility were abnormal in PHPT patients, and IMT was higher in patients than controls (0.959 vs. 0.907 mm, P < 0.0001). In PHPT, PTH levels, but not calcium concentration, predicted carotid stiffness (P = 0.04), strain (P = 0.06), and distensibility (P = 0.07). Patients with increased carotid stiffness had significantly higher PTH levels than did those with normal stiffness (141 +/- 48 vs. 94.9 +/- 44 pg/ml, P = 0.002), and odds of abnormal stiffness increased 1.91 (confidence interval = 1.09-3.35; P = 0.024) for every 10 pg/ml increase in PTH, adjusted for age, creatinine, and albumin-corrected calcium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mild PHPT is associated with subclinical carotid vascular manifestations. IMT, a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes, is increased. Measures of carotid stiffness are associated with extent of PTH elevation, suggesting that those with more severe PHPT may have impaired vascular compliance and that PTH, rather than calcium, is the mediator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fleischer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rundek
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Silverberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D049950:Hyperparathyroidism, Primary / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography