title: Does remote ischemic preconditioning prevent delayed hippocampal neuronal death following transient global cerebral ischemia in rats?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) induced by transient limb ischemia is protective against delayed hippocampal neuronal death in rats undergoing transient global cerebral ischemia (GCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were randomized into 3 groups: Group I (Control, n = 5) underwent sham procedure, namely, general anesthesia x 2, without cerebral ischemia; Group II (RIPC + GCI, n = 5) was subjected to RIPC, induced by transient left hind limb ischemia under general anesthesia prior to GCI; Group III (GCI only, n = 5) underwent sham procedure under general anesthesia prior to GCI. Twenty-four hours after the RIPC or sham procedure, a transient GCI was induced for 8 minutes in Groups II and III by means of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and hypotension. Hippocampal CA1 neurons were histologically examined at 7 days after ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the RIPC group and the ischemia only group. The number of neurons in the RIPC group were 0.90 (95% CI 0.20, 4.08) times the number in the ischemia group (p=0.89). The number of neurons in the RIPC group were 0.03 (95% CI 0.01, 0.10) times the number in the Control group (p=0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Second window of the RIPC does not prevent hippocampal CA1 neuronal death at 7 days after transient global cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Arul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bala
authors.forename: Kym
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meloni
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: d'Udekem
authors.forename: Igor E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Konstantinov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000473:pathology*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley