title: More hypothyroidism and less hyperthyroidism with sufficient iodine nutrition compared to mild iodine deficiency--a comparative population-based study of older people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the occurrence of thyroid disorders and autoimmunity in a geriatric population with long-standing recommended iodine intake of natural origin compared to mild iodine deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, comparative, population-based study in two areas with different iodine intakes due to different tap water iodine contents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residents of Randers (n=212) or Skagen (n=218), Denmark, aged 75-80 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected for measuring thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), thyroglobulin (TG); iodine excretion estimated from iodine and creatinine measured in spot urine samples; questionnaire on history of thyroid disease, medication and vitamin use; clinical examination of the neck.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median urinary iodine excretion was 50 microg/24h in Randers and 177 microg/24h in Skagen (p<0.001). A history of thyroid disease was reported by 40 (9.3%) dominated by goitre (n=22) in Randers and hypothyroidism and Graves Disease (n=15) in Skagen (p<0.001). We found visible goitre in 26% of Randers dwellers and none in Skagen (p<0.001). Hyperthyroidism with TSH below the reference range was present in 26% of Randers and 6% of Skagen dwellers while 6% and 13%, respectively, were hypothyroid with TSH above the reference range (p<0.001). More Randers than Skagen participants harboured a thyroid antibody (42% vs. 32%, p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recommended iodine intake associated with more hypothyroidism, less hyperthyroidism and goiters, low TGAb prevalence and lower TG level in serum than did iodine deficiency. TPOAb was similar in the iodine replete and deficient geriatric populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark. stiga@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terpling
authors.forename: Klaus Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gustenhoff
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laurberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D012016:Reference Values; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D014867:Water; D013972:Thyrotropin; D007455:Iodine