title: Localization of antimicrobial peptides human beta-defensins in minor salivary glands with Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: Sjögren's syndrome is a common systemic autoimmune disease associated with inflammatory cells that infiltrate exocrine glands. The antimicrobial peptides human beta-defensin-1, human beta-defensin-2, and human beta-defensin-3 are expressed in various human epithelial cells and in normal salivary glands. Antimicrobial peptides provide local protection against infection and participate in inflammatory responses. Because of the presence of inflammation, we hypothesized that human beta-defensin expression in minor salivary glands may be increased in subjects with Sjögren's syndrome. However, the expression of human beta-defensins 1 and 2 was decreased in salivary glands affected by Sjögren's syndrome in comparison with the human beta-defensin expression patterns in salivary glands from normal subjects. In addition, the reduction in expression of human beta-defensin-2 was greater than the reduction in expression of human beta-defensin-1. The aforementioned result suggests that the reduction in expression of human beta-defensin-2 may occur earlier than the reduction in expression of human beta-defensin-1, which may lead to a greater decrease in human beta-defensin-2 than in human beta-defensin-1 during disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. gmd17128@s.okadai.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Tomoichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaai
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizukawa
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagatsuka
authors.forename: Eiki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamachika
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gunduz
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawaki
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katase
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takagi
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications; D018450:Disease Progression; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D018987:Salivary Ducts / Q000473:pathology; D012470:Salivary Glands, Minor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C406407:DEFB1 protein, human; C422950:DEFB103A protein, human; C106641:DEFB4A protein, human; D023083:beta-Defensins