title: Controversies in echocardiography: 2D vs 3D vs 4D.
abstract: In the latest years several manuscripts have showed some new possible advantages of the three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography in daily practice. 3D echocardiography allows imaging and analysis of cardiovascular structures as they move in time and space, thus creating possibility for creation of 4D datasets (3D and real-time). Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) is a major innovation in the history of cardiovascular ultrasound. Advances in computer and transducer technologies, especially the fully-sampled matrix array transducer, have permitted real-time 3D image acquisition and display. The aim of this manuscript is to give a brief review of the development of the 3D echocardiography and of comparison of two-dimensional echocardiography versus 3D echocardiography and RT3DE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy. opsfco@tin.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Correale
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ieva
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Manuppelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Biase
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D020811:Biomedical Technology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004452:Echocardiography; D019561:Echocardiography, Four-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D009862:Online Systems; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods