title: Impact of a training intervention on use of antimicrobials in teaching hospitals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antimicrobials are often used inappropriately in paediatric wards of medical college hospitals in Bangladesh. Most of the antimicrobials are prescribed based on clinical grounds-signs and symptoms. This intervention study assessed the effectiveness of a training intervention on antimicrobials prescribing by physicians in paediatric wards of tertiary care level hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at medical college hospitals in Bangladesh during the period from 1998 through 2000. The pre-intervention survey of antimicrobial use was conducted during 1998 in five hospitals. The post-intervention survey was conducted after the interactive training during the succeeding year in three of the original five hospitals, of which one was the intervention hospital and two control hospitals. A total of 3,466 admitted paediatric patients' treatment charts (2,171 in the pre-intervention and 1,295 in the post-intervention surveys) were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most commonly used antimicrobials were ampicillin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin and ceftriaxone. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy for the most common infectious diseases, pneumonia and diarrhoea, increased by 16.4% and 56.8% respectively in the intervention hospital compared with the two control hospitals and these improvements were significant (p = < 0.001 and p = 0.002, for pneumonia and diarrhoea respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An interactive, focussed educational intervention, targeted at physicians, appears to have been effective in improving appropriate antimicrobial prescribing for the most common paediatric infectious diseases in a medical college hospital in Bangladesh.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Pahang, Malaysia. skfarid@iiu.edu.my
authors.forename: Seikh F U
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Akter
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Afia F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Milly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D001459:Bangladesh; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010820:Physicians
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents