title: Experience with multiple stent implantations in primary antiphospholipid syndrome in childhood: a case report.
abstract: The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition characterized by the persisting presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in association with thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity. Primary APS is quite rare in childhood and exact prevalence is not known. However, substantial proportion of thrombotic events in children is being attributed to APS. We herein present a 9-year-old boy presented with impending pericardial tamponade and large pleural effusions likely secondary to transudation of fluid from his gradually developed collateral circulation which was resulted from almost completely occluded vena caval system due to primary APS. He was treated with multiple angioplasty-stenting which offered symptomatic relief and better quality of life. To our knowledge, this is the first reported paediatric case of primary APS presented with extensive occlusive lesions in both caval systems and treated with repeated endovascular stent placements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. sevcan@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bakkaloglu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Keefer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Harrell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reiff
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000379:methods*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D015607:Stents; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000601:surgery*; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000601:surgery*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014859:Warfarin; D001379:Azathioprine