title: Levetiracetam monotherapy for childhood occipital epilepsy of gastaut.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this open label pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam (LEV) as 'de novo' monotherapy in children and adolescents with late onset childhood occipital epilepsy-Gastaut type (COE-G).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients suffering from COE-G were enrolled in this prospective study. The age of seizures onset ranged from 6.1 to 16.2 years with a peak of frequency at mean (+/-SD) 10.54 +/- 2.77 years. Therapy with LEV was started at 10 mg/kg/day and, after titration, the final dose was generally achieved within 4 weeks and ranged from 20.7 to 45.2 mg/kg/day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 6 month evaluation, 11 (91.6%) of the 12 patients studied were seizure free, and one (8.3%) showed four additional episodes. Electroencephalography (EEG) activity was normal in six (54.5%) patients, unchanged in two (18.1%) children, and in four (33.3%) patients sporadic occipital abnormalities persisted. At the 12-month evaluation all patients were completely seizure free. Four patients (33.3%) continued to show some EEG abnormalities, while eight (72.8%) patients had normal EEG. At the 18-month evaluation all patients were seizure free and 10 patients (83.3%) showed a complete normalization of EEG abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monotherapy with LEV was effective and well tolerated in patients with COE-G. Nevertheless, prospective, large, long-term double-blind studies are needed to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy. averrott@unich.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verrotti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loiacono
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grosso
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balestri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tozzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iannetti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiarelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Curatolo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010889:Piracetam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam