title: Analysis of outcome in women with borderline glandular change on cervical cytology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the outcome of women presenting with borderline glandular smear on cervical cytology and to investigate correlation between cytology, colposcopy and histology and subsequent smear history.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 5 year retrospective analysis of outcome in all women reported with borderline glandular changes on cytology between 2001 and 2005 at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, and Cheltenham General Hospital, Gloucestershire, was performed. Cytology, colposcopy, histology and follow-up cytology data at 6, 12 and 24 months after index smear were collated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 92 women with borderline glandular smears, 56 were referred for colposcopy. This accounts for 0.9% of the total referral (6293) to the colposcopy units. A significant rate of abnormal histology was noted, with CIN 1, 2, 3, CGIN or worse in 20 women (36%) and benign pathology in 18 women (32%). Colposcopy had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 39%, negative predictive value of 80% and positive predictive value of 49% in predicting abnormal (premalignant/malignant) histology. Only one woman with normal histology at presentation had subsequent abnormal cytology (1/31), whereas abnormal histology at presentation was strongly associated with subsequent abnormality on follow-up cytology over 24 months (8/21) with a p value=0.0058.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colposcopic examination and biopsy of colposcopically identified abnormalities is reliable, with negative colposcopy having a high negative predictive value. We also recommend thorough colposcopic examination before any invasive investigation as over treatment may impact on the future reproductive outcome [1].
authors.affiliation: Cheltenham General Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Bismeen A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jadoon
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kehoe
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Romain
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clelland
authors.forename: Sudha S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sundar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D003127:Colposcopy; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006652:Histological Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014626:Vaginal Smears