title: Adipokines in type 1 diabetes after successful pancreas transplantation: normal visfatin and retinol-binding-protein-4, but increased total adiponectin fasting concentrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the release of many hormones, not only from beta-cells, but also from adipocytes (adipokines) may be altered. After successful pancreas-kidney-transplantation (PKTx), T1DM patients can revert to a nondiabetic metabolism, but it is unclear whether alterations of adipokines are still present after PKTx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrations of adipokines [visfatin, retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), adiponectin, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin] were measured at fasting in 10 PKTx and in 19 T1DM. Nondiabetic healthy controls (CON, n = 9) and six nondiabetic patients after kidney transplantation (KTx) were examined as control groups. In PKTx, KTx and CON, indices of insulin sensitivity (OGIS) and beta cell function (adaptation index, AI) were calculated from 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting serum visfatin (T1DM: 56 +/- 4 microg/l, PKTx: 42 +/- 6 microg/l, KTx: 39 +/- 3 microg/l, CON: 40 +/- 3 microg/l) and RBP-4 (T1DM: 490 +/- 26 microg/l, PKTx: 346 +/- 39 microg/l, KTx: 401 +/- 13 microg/l, CON: 359 +/- 36 microg/l) was increased by 40% and 36%, respectively (each P < 0.03) in T1DM only. Levels were positively correlated with HbA1c in all subjects (visfatin: r = 0.43, P < 0.004; RBP-4: r = 0.46, P < 0.03). Fasting plasma adiponectin was 80% higher in T1DM and in PKTx (T1DM: 18 +/- 2 mg/l, PKTx: 18 +/- 3 mg/l, KTx: 12 +/- 3 mg/l, CON: 10 +/- 1 mg/l; P < 0.04) and was positively correlated with diabetes duration (r = 0.37, P < 0.02). HMW/total adiponectin ratio was increased in T1DM (P < 0.02). PKTx displayed a normoglycaemic metabolism as insulin sensitive as CON, but AI was lower than in CON and KT (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T1DM after successful PKTx show normal fasting visfatin and RBP-4 levels and HMW-adiponectin/adiponectin-ratio, which are elevated in T1DM, whereas total adiponectin levels are similarly increased in T1DM and PKTx patients.
authors.affiliation: Hietzing Hospital, Third Medical Department of Metabolic Diseases and Nephrology, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Marietta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Storka
authors.forename: Eva Anna
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Theuer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vojtassakova
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nowotny
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pacini
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kästenbauer
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luger
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prager
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolzt
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anderwald
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000502:physiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000032:analysis*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D016207:Cytokines; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; C085455:nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, human