title: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules: experience in a cohort of 944 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of our study was to determine the likelihood of malignancy in thyroid nodules and the risk of a nondiagnostic fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) on the basis of the demographic characteristics of the patients and sonographic features of the nodules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2002 and November 2007, 2,338 ultrasound-guided thyroid, thyroid bed, and cervical lymph node FNABs were performed at a tertiary referral center. Entry criteria for our retrospective study were adult patients who underwent thyroid nodule FNAB and had previously undergone diagnostic sonography. From previous reports for 944 thyroid nodules (739 nodules in women and 205 nodules in men), four sonographic features were recorded: longest dimension, morphology, presence of microcalcifications, and presence of lymphadenopathy. The final diagnosis of each nodule was classified as benign, malignant, or nondiagnostic on the basis of surgical pathology when available and cytology otherwise and was analyzed for correlation with individual sonographic features and combinations of features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of malignancy and of nondiagnostic FNAB in this study was 11.0% and 11.8%, respectively. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) findings in malignant nodules were younger patient age (< or = 45 years; odds ratio [OR], 1.54) and solid nodule morphology (OR, 2.38). The significant predictors of a nondiagnostic-quality FNAB were older patient age (> 75 years; OR, 1.95) and a nodule > or = 10 mm (OR, 1.45). Adding information about the other evaluated ultrasound features did not lead to a significant result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malignant thyroid nodules tend to be solid (86.5%). Patients older than 75 years showed a clearly increased risk of nondiagnostic FNAB, but to predict a higher risk of malignancy or of nondiagnostic FNAB using ultrasound remains difficult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital, White 270, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Nina D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Baier
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gervais
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samir
authors.forename: Elkan F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Mukesh G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Harisinghani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult