title: Myocardial salvage through coronary collateral growth by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in chronic coronary artery disease: a controlled randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for coronary collateral growth promotion and thus impending myocardial salvage has not been studied so far, to our best knowledge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 52 patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease, age 62+/-11 years, the effect on a marker of myocardial infarct size (ECG ST segment elevation) and on quantitative collateral function during a 1-minute coronary balloon occlusion was tested in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind fashion. The study protocol before coronary intervention consisted of occlusive surface and intracoronary lead ECG recording as well as collateral flow index (CFI, no unit) measurement in a stenotic and a > or =1 normal coronary artery before and after a 2-week period with subcutaneous G-CSF (10 microg/kg; n=26) or placebo (n=26). The CFI was determined by simultaneous measurement of mean aortic, distal coronary occlusive, and central venous pressure. The ECG ST segment elevation >0.1 mV disappeared significantly more often in response to G-CSF (11/53 vessels; 21%) than to placebo (0/55 vessels; P=0.0005), and simultaneously, CFI changed from 0.121+/-0.087 at baseline to 0.166+/-0.086 at follow-up in the G-CSF group, and from 0.152+/-0.082 to 0.131+/-0.071 in the placebo group (P<0.0001 for interaction of treatment and time). The absolute change in CFI from baseline to follow-up amounted to +0.049+/-0.062 in the G-CSF group and to -0.010+/-0.060 in the placebo group (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subcutaneous G-CSF is efficacious during a short-term protocol in improving signs of myocardial salvage by coronary collateral growth promotion.
authors.affiliation: Professor of Medicine and Co-Chairman of Cardiology, University Hospital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gloekler
authors.forename: Stefano F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: de Marchi
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Indermuehle
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rutz
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Traupe
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steck
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seiler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000503:physiopathology; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D010919:Placebos; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor