Computed tomographic findings characteristic for encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: a case-control study.
BACKGROUND
Computed tomography (CT) is often used to confirm the diagnosis of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) but there is no consensus on specific CT abnormalities. To establish CT findings characteristic for EPS, we compared CT findings between EPS patients and long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients without EPS.


METHODS
We included as cases all EPS patients in our center from 1996 to 2008 that underwent a CT scan at the time of diagnosis. Controls were all other long-term PD patients (PD duration > or = 4 years) without EPS that had a CT scan for different reasons. The CT scans were blindly and independently reviewed by 3 radiologists: 2 abdominal radiologists with PD knowledge (Observers 1 and 2) and 1 radiologist without PD experience (Observer 3).


RESULTS
We included 15 EPS patients and 16 controls. Observer 1 found 6 CT findings that were significantly more often present in EPS than in controls (p < or = 0.05): peritoneal enhancement, thickening, and calcifications; adhesions of bowel loops; signs of obstruction; and fluid loculation/septation. Observer 2 scored almost identically but Observer 3 scored differently. The sensitivity and specificity of a combination of specific CT findings were, respectively, 100% and 94% for Observers 1 and 2, and 79% and 88% for Observer 3.


CONCLUSIONS
CT scans showed characteristic abnormalities that were significantly more often present in EPS patients compared to long-term PD control patients. CT can be used to confirm the diagnosis of EPS when experienced radiologists apply a combination of specific CT findings.
Vlijm
Anniek
A
Department of Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.vlijm@amc.uva.nl
Stoker
Jaap
J
Bipat
Shandra
S
Spijkerboer
Anje M
AM
Phoa
Saffire S K S
SS
Maes
Robbert
R
Struijk
Dirk G
DG
Krediet
Raymond T
RT
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056627:Peritoneal Fibrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult