Sphincter of Oddi: Function, dysfunction, and its management.
The most common functional disorder of the biliary tract and pancreas relates to the activity of the Sphincter of Oddi. The Sphincter of Oddi is a small smooth muscle sphincter strategically placed at the junction of the bile duct, pancreatic duct, and duodenum. The sphincter controls flow of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum and prevents reflux of duodenal content into the ducts. Disorder in its motility is called Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Clinically this presents either with recurrent abdominal biliary type pain or episodes of recurrent pancreatitis. Manometry may identify the motility abnormalities, the most clinically significant being an abnormally elevated basal pressure. The most effective treatment once an abnormal basal pressure is identified is division of the sphincter. This is associated with good long-term results.
Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia. jim.toouli@flinders.edu.au
James
J
Toouli
D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011312:Pressure; D012008:Recurrence; D009803:Sphincter of Oddi / Q000503:physiopathology*; D046628:Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid