A novel variant of ER-alpha, ER-alpha36 mediates testosterone-stimulated ERK and Akt activation in endometrial cancer Hec1A cells.
BACKGROUND
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies and its incidence has recently increased. Experimental and epidemiological data support that testosterone plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. Recently, we identified and cloned a variant of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, ER-alpha36. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of ER-alpha36 in testosterone carcinogenesis.


METHODS
The cellular localization of ER-alpha36 was determined by immunofluorescence. Hec1A endometrial cancer cells (Hec1A/V) and Hec1A cells with siRNA knockdown of ER-alpha36 (Hec1A/RNAi) were treated with testosterone, ERK and Akt phosphorylation was assessed by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the kinase inhibitors U0126 and LY294002 and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole were used to elucidate the pathway underlying testosterone-induced activities.


RESULTS
Immunofluorescence shows that ER-alpha36 was localized on the plasma membrane of the both ER-alpha- and androgen receptor-negative endometrial cancer Hec1A cells. Testosterone induced ERK and Akt phosphorylation, which could be abrogated by ER-alpha 36 shRNA knockdown or the kinase inhibitors, U0126 and LY294002, and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole.


CONCLUSIONS
Testosterone induces ERK and Akt phosphorylation via the membrane-initiated signaling pathways mediated by ER-alpha36, suggesting a possible involvement of ER-alpha 36 in testosterone carcinogenesis.
Lin
Sheng-Li
SL
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. linsl@ioz.ac.cn
Yan
Li-Ying
LY
Liang
Xing-Wei
XW
Wang
Zhen-Bo
ZB
Wang
Zhao-Yi
ZY
Qiao
Jie
J
Schatten
Heide
H
Sun
Qing-Yuan
QY
D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077289:Letrozole; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D009570:Nitriles; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014230:Triazoles; D013739:Testosterone; D000077289:Letrozole; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases