Genetic characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses, Ethiopia, 1981-2007.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. To further understand its complex epidemiology, which involves multiple virus serotypes and host species, we characterized the viruses recovered from FMD outbreaks in Ethiopia during 1981-2007. We detected 5 of the 7 FMDV serotypes (O, A, C, Southern African Territories [SAT] 1, and SAT 2). Serotype O predominated, followed by serotype A; type C was not recognized after 1983. Phylogenetic analysis of virus protein 1 sequences indicated emergence of a new topotype within serotype O, East Africa 4. In 2007, serotype SAT 1 was detected in Ethiopia and formed a new distinct topotype (IX), and serotype SAT 2 reappeared after an apparent gap of 16 years. The diversity of viruses highlights the role of this region as a reservoir for FMD virus, and their continuing emergence in Ethiopia will greatly affect spread and consequent control strategy of the disease on this continent.
Ayelet
Gelagay
G
National Veterinary Institute, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
Mahapatra
Mana
M
Gelaye
Esayas
E
Egziabher
Berhe G
BG
Rufeal
Tesfaye
T
Sahle
Mesfin
M
Ferris
Nigel P
NP
Wadsworth
Jemma
J
Hutchings
Geoffrey H
GH
Knowles
Nick J
NJ
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006041:Goats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology