Cardiotoxicity after low-dose chloroquine antimalarial therapy.
Previous reports on antimalarial toxicity have only been related to long-term continuous treatments for nonmalarial indications, which require prolonged use of large doses, up to 1000 g or more every year. We describe a patient with recurrent malaria, prophylactically treated with low-dose chloroquine, who developed heart failure due to biventricular cardiac dysfunction. The right ventricle endomyocardial biopsy was suggestive of chloroquine toxicity. The heart failure improved after drug withdrawal. As a consequence, the potential for reversibility and the severity in undiagnosed cases of these toxic cardiomyopathies emphasize the importance of recognizing early signs of toxicity in order to withdraw antimalarials before the occurrence of life-threatening cardiac toxicity.
Fragasso
Gabriele
G
Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure Clinic, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. gabriele.fragasso@hsr.it
Sanvito
Francesca
F
Baratto
Francesca
F
Martinenghi
Sabina
S
Doglioni
Claudio
C
Margonato
Alberto
A
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001706:Biopsy; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence
D000962:Antimalarials; D002738:Chloroquine