Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder type I: an update for the clinician.
OBJECTIVE
This article reviews the evidence for the major risk factors associated with suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder.


METHODS
Review of the literature studies on bipolar disorder, suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation.


RESULTS
Bipolar disorder is strongly associated with suicide ideation and suicide attempts. In clinical samples between 14-59% of the patients have suicide ideation and 25-56% present at least one suicide attempt during lifetime. Approximately 15% to 19% of patients with bipolar disorder die from suicide. The causes of suicidal behavior are multiple and complex. Some strong predictors of suicidal behavior have emerged in the literature such as current mood state, severity of depression, anxiety, aggressiveness, hostility, hopelessness, comorbidity with others Axis I and Axis II disorders, lifetime history of mixed states, and history of physical or sexual abuse.


CONCLUSIONS
Bipolar disorder is the psychiatric condition associated with highest lifetime risk for suicide attempts and suicide completion. Thus it is important to clinicians to understand the major risk factors for suicidal behavior in order to choose better strategies to deal with this complex behavior.
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. lenabuco@hotmail.com
Lena Nabuco de
LN
Abreu
Beny
B
Lafer
Enrique
E
Baca-Garcia
Maria A
MA
Oquendo
D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008960:Models, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology*