Rapid microwave-assisted transesterification of yellow horn oil to biodiesel using a heteropolyacid solid catalyst.
An efficient microwave-assisted transesterification (MAT) technique was developed to prepare biodiesel from yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) oil with a heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst namely Cs(2.5)H(0.5)PW(12)O(40). A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, time, molar ratio of methanol/oil, catalyst amount, and recycle number of catalyst has been performed. The maximum yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) reached 96.22% under optimal conditions of temperature 60 degrees C, 10 min, molar ratio of methanol/oil 12:1, 1% (w/w of oil) catalyst and minimum recycle number nine times. The final product of biodiesel, obtained after the new catalyzed process, was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the Cs(2.5)H(0.5)PW(12)O(40) heterogeneous acid catalyst had higher efficiency for transesterification under microwave irradiation compared with the conventional method. The product properties of yellow horn biodiesel are found to be in agreement with EN 14214 standard.
Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
Su
S
Zhang
Yuan-Gang
YG
Zu
Yu-Jie
YJ
Fu
Meng
M
Luo
Dong-Yang
DY
Zhang
Thomas
T
Efferth
D056804:Biofuels; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D002384:Catalysis; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008872:Microwaves; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D029631:Sapindaceae / Q000201:enzymology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
D056804:Biofuels; D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D009821:Oils; D010938:Plant Oils; D000432:Methanol