Decoherence and collisional frequency shifts of trapped bosons and fermions.
We perform exact calculations of collisional frequency shifts for several fermions or bosons using a singlet and triplet basis for pairs of particles. The "factor of 2 controversy" for bosons becomes clear-the factor is always 2. Decoherence is described by singlet states and they are unaffected by spatially uniform clock fields. Spatial variations are critical, especially for fermions which were previously thought to be immune to collision shifts. The spatial variations lead to decoherence and a novel frequency shift that is not proportional to the partial density of internal states.
Gibble
Kurt
K
Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, 75014 Paris, France.