Impact of infusion speed on the safety and effectiveness of prothrombin complex concentrate: a prospective clinical trial of emergency anticoagulation reversal.
Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) infusion is preferred for emergency reversal of coumarin therapy. Rapid infusion can potentially save crucial time; however, the possible impact of high infusion speed on PCC safety and effectiveness has not been delineated. In a prospective multinational clinical trial with 43 patients receiving PCC (Beriplex P/N) for emergency reversal of coumarin therapy, infusion speeds were selected by the investigators. In a two-phase statistical analysis, the influence of baseline patient variables and dose on selected infusion speed was assessed. Then, the effect of infusion speed on reduction in international normalized ratio (INR) and on thrombogenicity marker pharmacokinetics was evaluated. Infusion speed ranged widely from 2.0 to 40.0 mL min(-1) with a median of 7.5 mL min(-1). Selection of infusion speed was not significantly influenced by gender, age, body mass index, presence of acute bleeding, indication for coumarin therapy, baseline INR, or PCC dose. Infusion speed was higher by a median of 2.2 mL min(-1) (95% confidence interval, 1.0-4.3 mL min(-1)) among patients receiving Beriplex P/N volumes > or =80 mL compared with smaller infusion volumes. Infusion speed did not affect INR attained 30 min following PCC infusion. None of the evaluated thrombogenicity marker pharmacokinetic parameters was affected by infusion speed. Infusions in one patient with questionable hemostatic efficacy and another with a possibly PCC-related thromboembolic event were at moderate and slow speeds, respectively. This study provides the first direct evidence that Beriplex P/N can be rapidly infused for emergency coumarin therapy reversal without altering safety or effectiveness.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ingrid.Pabinger@meduniwien.ac.at
Ingrid
I
Pabinger
Andreas
A
Tiede
Uwe
U
Kalina
Sigurd
S
Knaub
Reinhard
R
Germann
Helmut
H
Ostermann
D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000633:toxicity; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003374:Coumarins / Q000633:toxicity; D004338:Drug Combinations; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005164:Factor IX / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005167:Factor VII / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005170:Factor X / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D018718:Home Infusion Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology
D000925:Anticoagulants; D000931:Antidotes; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D003374:Coumarins; D004338:Drug Combinations; C525441:factor IX, factor VII, factor X, prothrombin drug combination; C025667:prothrombin complex concentrates; D005167:Factor VII; D011516:Prothrombin; D005164:Factor IX; D005170:Factor X; C030123:coumarin