Predictors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-associated with kaposi sarcoma in mozambique: a prospective study.
BACKGROUND
The impact and relevance of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-associated with Kaposi sarcoma (IRIS-KS) has not been assessed in sub-Saharan African countries, where the bulk of HIV-1 and KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) coinfection occurs. Understanding the risk factors for developing IRIS-KS would aid in the identification and in the improvement of clinical management for high-risk patients.


METHODS
Sixty-nine consecutive HIV-1 and KSHV coinfected Mozambican adults initiating cART were prospectively followed for development of IRIS-KS over 10 months as part of a larger prospective observational study. Plasma HIV RNA, CD4 counts, anti-KSHV lytic antibodies, and plasma KSHV DNA viral load were assessed at the pre-cART visit and at 4 and 10 months after cART initiation. A survival analysis was performed to assess potential risk factors for developing IRIS-KS.


RESULTS
During the first 10 months of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), 8 patients (8/69, 11.6%) experienced IRIS-KS at a median time of 13.8 weeks after cART initiation. Multivariate analysis identified 4 independent IRIS-KS predictors: clinical pretreatment KS [hazard ratio (HR) 91.7], detectable plasma KSHV DNA (HR 24.4), hematocrit <30% (HR 26.5), and plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (HR 34.6 per log viral load increase). Treatment with either cART alone or with a combination of cART and systemic chemotherapy led to partial or complete clinical response in 62.5% (5/8) of IRIS-KS cases.


CONCLUSIONS
This study identified 4 independent predictors of IRIS-KS, which may help to develop screening tools aiding in the identification of patients at high risk of IRIS-KS for whom close clinical supervision is warranted.
Letang
Emilio
E
Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique.
Almeida
Jose M
JM
Miró
Jose M
JM
Ayala
Edgar
E
White
Irene E
IE
Carrilho
Carla
C
Bastos
Rui
R
Nhampossa
Tacilta
T
Menéndez
Clara
C
Campbell
Thomas B
TB
Alonso
Pedro L
PL
Naniche
Denise
D
D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009073:Mozambique; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral