The effect of early menarche on later body composition and fat distribution in female adolescents: role of birth weight.
BACKGROUND
To examine the effect of early menarche (EM) on adolescent body composition and fat distribution, and to explore the possible contribution of birth weight (BW) to this relationship.


METHODS
From the cross-sectional AVENA study, 788 girls (aged 13-18.5 years) were selected. Post-menarcheal body composition was estimated by anthropometric methods.


RESULTS
BW Z-score was associated with age at menarche (beta = 0.496, p < 0.001). EM (age of menarche <12 years) adolescents were shorter, had a higher body mass index (BMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), fat mass index (FMI) and waist circumference (all p < 0.01). BW was associated with height (p < 0.001), BMI Z-score (p < 0.01), FFMI (p < 0.01) and FMI (p < 0.05). These relationships did not change when the analysis was controlled for age of menarche. Height and FFM were lower in EM (p < 0.01), but these effects seem to be due to the BW (p < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
EM was strongly associated with unhealthy body composition in female adolescents, but these relationships seem to be due to the programming effect of BW.
Labayen
Idoia
I
Departmentof Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, ES-01006 Vitoria, Spain. idoia.labayen@ehu.es
Ortega
Francisco B
FB
Moreno
Luis A
LA
Redondo-Figuero
Carlos
C
Bueno
Gloria
G
Gómez-Martínez
Sonia
S
Bueno
Manuel
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging; D000886:Anthropometry; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008572:Menarche; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000209:etiology; D011629:Puberty, Precocious / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012923:Social Class