Metabolic syndrome and risk of pulmonary involvement.
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder recognized clinically by the findings of abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure, high blood glucose and/or insulin resistance. It is associated with a pro-thrombotic and a pro-inflammatory state. A growing body of evidence suggests that individuals in the community with moderate airflow limitation may have co-existing systemic inflammation with this background. Therefore, we examined a population of 237 patients with metabolic disorder for the concomitant presence of functional pulmonary involvement, as assessed by FEV(1) and FVC impairment. Criteria for the identification of the MS included 3 or more of the following: waist circumference: (>102 cm in men, >88 cm in women), triglycerides levels (> or =150 mg/dl), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (<40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women), blood pressure (> or =135/> or =85 mmHg), and fasting glucose levels (>100 mg/dl). 119 subjects were diagnosed MS. Non-smokers patients suffering from MS presented lower spirometric values, with a trend to ventilatory restrictive more than obstructive pattern. Also in smokers patients with MS there was a trend to harmonic decrease in FEV(1) and FVC but not in FEV(1)/FVC ratio, although the changes did not reach statistical significance. Mainly abdominal circumference, and also insulin resistance were retained as independent predictors of both FEV(1) and FVC changes. However, HDL-C was the strongest predictor of FEV(1) and FVC changes, with an inverse association.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Paola
P
Rogliani
Giacomo
G
Curradi
Marco
M
Mura
Davide
D
Lauro
Massimo
M
Federici
Angelica
A
Galli
Cesare
C
Saltini
Mario
M
Cazzola
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013147:Spirometry
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL