[The role of balanced low-protein diet in inhibition of predialysis chronic kidney disease progression in patients with systemic diseases].
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of low-protein diet (LPD) balanced by addition of highly energetic mix and essential keto/amino acids on inhibition of renal failure in patients with systemic diseases with predialysis stages of chronic disease of the kidney (CDK).


METHODS
Forty six patients with stage III--IV of CDK in systemic diseases (33 SLE patients and 13 with systemic vasculitis) were randomized into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 18 patients with CDK (10 with stage III and 8 with stage IV). They received LPD (0.6 g/kg/day) with addition of essential keto/amino acids for 24-48 months. Group 2 of 18 CDK patients with the same stages received the same diet but greater amount of vegetable protein (highly purified soya protein) to 0.3 g/kg/day in highly energetic nutrient mixture. Group 3--10 CDK patients (7 with stage III and 3 with stage IV) received free diet. Group 1 and 2 patients received LPD irrespective of the nutrient status assessed basing on anthropometric and other data. Protein consumption and caloric value were estimated by 3-day food diary.


RESULTS
Before diet therapy, out of 46 examinees nutrient status was abnormal in 45.7% patients. Both variants of LPD were well tolerated and nutrient status was corrected while the rate of nutritive disorders in group 3 increased 1.5-fold (from 40 to 60%) with progression of renal failure. Intake of LPD diet for at least a year reduced glomerular filtration rate inhibition, especially in addition of highly energetic mixture.


CONCLUSIONS
Early (predialysis) restriction of diet protein (0.6 g/kg/day) with addition of highly energetic mixture and essential keto/amino acids improves a nutritive status of CDK patients and inhibits GFR decline.
Iu S
IuS
Milovanov
L V
LV
Lysenko
L Iu
LIu
Milovanova
I A
IA
Dobrosmyslov
D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000379:methods; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D056647:Systemic Vasculitis / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D004044:Dietary Proteins