Involvement of the PI3K/AKT pathway in the hypoglycemic effects of saponins from Helicteres isora.
OBJECTIVE
Saponins from Helicteres isora have previously been shown to exert antidiabetic effects. The present study explored the underlying mechanisms in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.


METHODS
C2C12 cells were incubated with saponins and sapogenin followed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis.


RESULTS
Western blotting revealed that incubation with saponins (100 microg/ml) and sapogenin (100 microg/ml) induced the phosphorylation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) as well as of the downstream targets protein kinase B/Akt (at Ser473) and glycogen synthase kinase GSK-3 alpha/beta (at Ser21/9) in a time-dependent manner. In contrast, no phosphorylation of the AMP-sensitive kinase AMPK (at Thr172) was observed. Within 48 h saponins/sapogenin treatment further increased the protein abundance of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter Glut4. Confocal microscopy confirmed that saponins/sapogenin treatment stimulated Akt phosphorylation and revealed that the treatment was followed by translocation of Glut4 into the cell membrane of C2C12 muscle cells.


CONCLUSIONS
Saponins and sapogenin activate the PI3K/Akt pathway thus leading to phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK-3 alpha/beta with subsequent stimulation of glycogen synthesis as well as increase of Glut4-dependent glucose transport across the cell membrane.
Bhavsar
Shefalee K
SK
Department of Pharmacology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India. shefalee9@gmail.com
Föller
Michael
M
Gu
Shuchen
S
Vir
Sanjay
S
Shah
Mamta B
MB
Bhutani
K K
KK
Santani
Dev D
DD
Lang
Florian
F
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017931:DNA Primers; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D019660:Malvaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*
D017931:DNA Primers; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D012503:Saponins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt