CD44v6 dependence of premetastatic niche preparation by exosomes.
The metastasizing capacity of the rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma BSp73ASML (ASML(wt)) is strikingly reduced by a knockdown of CD44v4-v7 (ASML(kd)). We used this model to analyze the role of the CD44 variant isoform (CD44v) in (pre)metastatic niche formation. Intrafootpad injections of ASML(wt)-, but not ASML(kd)-conditioned medium (CM), strongly promote settlement of ASML(kd) cells in lymph nodes and lung. Fractionation of CM revealed a contribution by a soluble matrix and exosomes, where the CD44v6-containing ASML(wt)-soluble fraction can complement ASML(kd)-exosomes, but not vice versa. This implies that exosomes are the final actors, are CD44v-independent, but require a soluble matrix, which depends on CD44v. Analyzing the composition revealed that only the ASML(wt)-matrix contains c-Met and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. In vitro, mostly ASML(wt)-exosomes promote proliferation and induce gene expression in metastatic organ cells. However, in vivo corresponding changes in the (pre) metastatic organ are only observed when both, exosomes plus the soluble matrix, are provided. Thus, neither CD44v nor exosomes alone suffice for (pre)metastatic niche formation. Instead, CD44v suffices for assembling a soluble matrix, which allows exosomes, independent of their origin from poorly or highly metastatic cells, to modulate (pre) metastatic organ cells for tumor cell embedding and growth.
Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery and German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Thorsten
T
Jung
Donatello
D
Castellana
Pamela
P
Klingbeil
Ines
I
Cuesta Hernández
Mario
M
Vitacolonna
David J
DJ
Orlicky
Steve R
SR
Roffler
Pnina
P
Brodt
Margot
M
Zöller
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
C112697:CD44v6 antigen; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator