Compromised respiratory adaptation and thermoregulation in aging and age-related diseases.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are at the heart of the aging process and are thought to underpin age-related diseases. Mitochondria are not only the primary energy-generating system but also the dominant cellular source of metabolically derived ROS. Recent studies unravel the existence of mechanisms that serve to modulate the balance between energy metabolism and ROS production. Among these is the regulation of proton conductance across the inner mitochondrial membrane that affects the efficiency of respiration and heat production. The field of mitochondrial respiration research has provided important insight into the role of altered energy balance in obesity and diabetes. The notion that respiration and oxidative capacity are mechanistically linked is making significant headway into the field of aging and age-related diseases. Here we review the regulation of cellular energy and ROS balance in biological systems and survey some of the recent relevant studies that suggest that respiratory adaptation and thermodynamics are important in aging and age-related diseases.
Chan
Sic L
SL
Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States. schan@mail.ucf.edu
Wei
Zelan
Z
Chigurupati
Srinivasulu
S
Tu
Weihong
W
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D019069:Cell Respiration; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D011522:Protons; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1
D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D011522:Protons; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1