Rare, evolutionarily unlikely missense substitutions in ATM confer increased risk of breast cancer.
The susceptibility gene for ataxia telangiectasia, ATM, is also an intermediate-risk breast-cancer-susceptibility gene. However, the spectrum and frequency distribution of ATM mutations that confer increased risk of breast cancer have been controversial. To assess the contribution of rare variants in this gene to risk of breast cancer, we pooled data from seven published ATM case-control mutation-screening studies, including a total of 1544 breast cancer cases and 1224 controls, with data from our own mutation screening of an additional 987 breast cancer cases and 1021 controls. Using an in silico missense-substitution analysis that provides a ranking of missense substitutions from evolutionarily most likely to least likely, we carried out analyses of protein-truncating variants, splice-junction variants, and rare missense variants. We found marginal evidence that the combination of ATM protein-truncating and splice-junction variants contribute to breast cancer risk. There was stronger evidence that a subset of rare, evolutionarily unlikely missense substitutions confer increased risk. On the basis of subset analyses, we hypothesize that rare missense substitutions falling in and around the FAT, kinase, and FATC domains of the protein may be disproportionately responsible for that risk and that a subset of these may confer higher risk than do protein-truncating variants. We conclude that a comparison between the graded distributions of missense substitutions in cases versus controls can complement analyses of truncating variants and help identify susceptibility genes and that this approach will aid interpretation of the data emerging from new sequencing technologies.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France.
Sean V
SV
Tavtigian
Peter J
PJ
Oefner
Davit
D
Babikyan
Anne
A
Hartmann
Sue
S
Healey
Florence
F
Le Calvez-Kelm
Fabienne
F
Lesueur
Graham B
GB
Byrnes
Shu-Chun
SC
Chuang
Nathalie
N
Forey
Corinna
C
Feuchtinger
Lydie
L
Gioia
Janet
J
Hall
Mia
M
Hashibe
Barbara
B
Herte
Sandrine
S
McKay-Chopin
Alun
A
Thomas
Maxime P
MP
Vallée
Catherine
C
Voegele
Penelope M
PM
Webb
David C
DC
Whiteman
Suleeporn
S
Sangrajrang
John L
JL
Hopper
Melissa C
MC
Southey
Irene L
IL
Andrulis
Esther M
EM
John
Georgia
G
Chenevix-Trench
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002645:Chickens; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases