Analysis of the expression profiles of cytokines and cytokine-related genes during the progression of breast cancer growth in mice.
Cytokines are a protein family of regulatory factors derived from tumors and their environmental components that contribute to the growth, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. However, the way in which tumor progression and cytokines regulate each other is not well understood. In this study, we used an oligoDNA microarray to assess the kinetic expression profile of cytokine genes in tumor tissues and lymph nodes during the progression of tumor growth in mice that had been subcutaneously challenged with breast adenocarcinoma SB5b cells. Our results demonstrated that IL-15, IL-17, IL-18 and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18bp), which are associated with inflammation, were increased in tumor tissues. Conversely, chemokines and their receptors, including CXCR4/CXCL12, CCR7/CCL21, CCL9, CXCL9 and CCL12, were overexpressed in lymph nodes during tumor growth. Furthermore, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that IL-18, a pro-angiogenic factor in tumors, was up-regulated in tumor tissues. Interestingly, CCR3, IL-1R2, SOCS and IL-20 were up-regulated in tumor tissues, but down-regulated in lymph nodes during tumor growth. This result suggests that the expression of cytokines and cytokine-related genes was differentially regulated, which resulted in a beneficial effect for tumor progression.
Jung
Mi Young
MY
Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
Kim
Seung Hyun
SH
Cho
Daeho
D
Kim
Tae Sung
TS
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger