Squalene emulsions for parenteral vaccine and drug delivery.
Squalene is a linear triterpene that is extensively utilized as a principal component of parenteral emulsions for drug and vaccine delivery. In this review, the chemical structure and sources of squalene are presented. Moreover, the physicochemical and biological properties of squalene-containing emulsions are evaluated in the context of parenteral formulations. Historical and current parenteral emulsion products containing squalene or squalane are discussed. The safety of squalene-based products is also addressed. Finally, analytical techniques for characterization of squalene emulsions are examined.
Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. cfox@idri.org
Christopher B
CB
Fox
D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D013185:Squalene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
D004655:Emulsions; D014612:Vaccines; D013185:Squalene; C019556:squalane