Distribution of four HIV type 1-resistance polymorphisms (CCR5-Delta32, CCR5-m303, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A) in the Bahraini population.
Allelic differences of chemokine (C-C motif ) receptor 5 (CCR5) and CCR2, as well as the ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4, stromal-derived factor (SDF-1), are known to suppress HIV-1 transmission and to be involved in delay in HIV-1 disease progression. The aim of our study was to investigate the frequencies of four mutations that confer resistance to HIV-1: CCR5-Delta32, CCR5-m303, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A among Bahrainis. We have studied the DNA polymorphisms in 304 unrelated healthy Bahraini individuals without any known history of HIV-1 infection or AIDS symptoms. The CCR5-Delta32 mutation was detected by PCR analysis, while the CCR5-m303, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A mutations were detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) tests. Allele frequencies and the fit to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were evaluated using the Arlequin population genetics application. The frequencies of the CCR5-Delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A alleles were 2.8%, 8.9%, and 26.5%, respectively. No mutant alleles were detected for the CCR5-m303 mutation in 304 individuals. We estimated the risk of AIDS onset (relative hazard), computed from the three-locus genotype data. This is the first report of these four mutations conferring resistance to HIV-1 in the Bahraini population. The presence of the CCR5-Delta32 allele among Bahrainis may be attributed to the admixture with people of European descent. The CCR2-64I allele and especially the SDF1-3'A allele are predominant in the Bahraini population and may be associated with resistance to fast HIV-1 infection in Bahrainis, and thus their genotyping can be used for prognosis in HIV-infected individuals.
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Kingdom of Bahrain.
Abdel Halim
AH
Salem
Eman
E
Farid
Raouf
R
Fadel
Marwan
M
Abu-Hijleh
Wassim
W
Almawi
Kyudong
K
Han
Mark A
MA
Batzer
D001445:Bahrain; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D054390:Receptors, CCR2 / Q000235:genetics*; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics*
C515334:CCR2 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D054390:Receptors, CCR2; D019713:Receptors, CCR5