Changes in alcohol consumption in Denmark after the tax reduction on spirits.
OBJECTIVE
This paper examines changes in alcohol consumption in Denmark between 2003 and 2006 after the excise tax on spirits in Denmark was lowered by 45% on October 1, 2003 and travelers' allowances for the import of alcohol were increased on January 1, 2004.


METHODS
Cross-sectional and panel data from Denmark from 2003 to 2006 were analyzed. Samples were collected by telephone interviews using random digit dialing.


RESULTS
Panel data for Denmark revealed that alcohol consumption remained relatively stable. Similar results were found in the Danish cross-sectional data. It appears that 'substitution' rather than increased importation occurred.


CONCLUSIONS
We found no evidence to support earlier research stating that decreased prices and increased availability is related to higher alcohol consumption. This could be partly because (1) Denmark has reached a 'saturation' level of consumption over the past 30 years and (2) the survey mode of data collection did not capture specific subpopulations who might have increased their consumption. It may be necessary to examine other indicators of alcohol use or alcohol-related harm in order to fully assess the consequences of such changes in alcohol availability.
Grittner
Ulrike
U
Institute for Biometrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - University Medicine, DE-10098 Berlin, Germany. ulrike.grittner@charite.de
Gustafsson
Nina-Katri
NK
Bloomfield
Kim
K
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000639:trends*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000191:economics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013660:Taxes; D013997:Time Factors