Cryptochromes, phytochromes, and COP1 regulate light-controlled stomatal development in Arabidopsis.
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the cryptochrome (CRY) blue light photoreceptors and the phytochrome (phy) red/far-red light photoreceptors mediate a variety of light responses. COP1, a RING motif-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts as a key repressor of photomorphogenesis. Production of stomata, which mediate gas and water vapor exchange between plants and their environment, is regulated by light and involves phyB and COP1. Here, we show that, in the loss-of-function mutants of CRY and phyB, stomatal development is inhibited under blue and red light, respectively. In the loss-of-function mutant of phyA, stomata are barely developed under far-red light. Strikingly, in the loss-of-function mutant of either COP1 or YDA, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, mature stomata are developed constitutively and produced in clusters in both light and darkness. CRY, phyA, and phyB act additively to promote stomatal development. COP1 acts genetically downstream of CRY, phyA, and phyB and in parallel with the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein TOO MANY MOUTHS but upstream of YDA and the three basic helix-loop-helix proteins SPEECHLESS, MUTE, and FAMA, respectively. These findings suggest that light-controlled stomatal development is likely mediated through a crosstalk between the cryptochrome-phytochrome-COP1 signaling system and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
Kang
Chun-Ying
CY
National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Lian
Hong-Li
HL
Wang
Fang-Fang
FF
Huang
Ji-Rong
JR
Yang
Hong-Quan
HQ
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D056931:Cryptochromes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008027:Light; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D051942:Phytochrome A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051939:Phytochrome B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000254:growth & development*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D056931:Cryptochromes; D051942:Phytochrome A; D018749:RNA, Plant; D051939:Phytochrome B; C471983:AT2G32950 protein, Arabidopsis; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; C481302:YODA protein, Arabidopsis