Endoplasmic reticulum stress in disease: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.
Various stresses, which impair ER (endoplasmic reticulum) function, lead to an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins. ER stress triggers many rescuer responses, including a UPR (unfolded protein response). Increasing evidence has suggested that ER stress is involved in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cerebral ischaemic insults), cancer, obesity and diabetes. In the present review, we consider the importance of ER stress under pathological conditions in mammals. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential for treatment targeting ER stress.
Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan. toruh@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Toru
T
Hosoi
Koichiro
K
Ozawa
D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017510:Protein Folding; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*