Evaluation and stages of surgical innovations.
Surgical innovation is an important part of surgical practice. Its assessment is complex because of idiosyncrasies related to surgical practice, but necessary so that introduction and adoption of surgical innovations can derive from evidence-based principles rather than trial and error. A regulatory framework is also desirable to protect patients against the potential harms of any novel procedure. In this first of three Series papers on surgical innovation and evaluation, we propose a five-stage paradigm to describe the development of innovative surgical procedures.
McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. jeffrey.barkun@muhc.mcgill.ca
Jeffrey S
JS
Barkun
Jeffrey K
JK
Aronson
Liane S
LS
Feldman
Guy J
GJ
Maddern
Steven M
SM
Strasberg
Douglas G
DG
Altman
Jeffrey S
JS
Barkun
Jane M
JM
Blazeby
Isabell C
IC
Boutron
W Bruce
WB
Campbell
Pierre-Alain
PA
Clavien
Jonathan A
JA
Cook
Patrick L
PL
Ergina
David R
DR
Flum
Paul
P
Glasziou
John C
JC
Marshall
Peter
P
McCulloch
Jon
J
Nicholl
Bournaby C
BC
Reeves
Christoph M
CM
Seiler
Jonathan L
JL
Meakins
Deborah
D
Ashby
Nick
N
Black
John
J
Bunker
Martin
M
Burton
Marion
M
Campbell
Kalipso
K
Chalkidou
Iain
I
Chalmers
Marc
M
de Leval
Jon
J
Deeks
Adrian
A
Grant
Muir
M
Gray
Roger
R
Greenhalgh
Milos
M
Jenicek
Sean
S
Kehoe
Richard
R
Lilford
Peter
P
Littlejohns
Yoon
Y
Loke
Rajan
R
Madhock
Kim
K
McPherson
Peter
P
Rothwell
Bill
B
Summerskill
David
D
Taggart
Parris
P
Tekkis
Matthew
M
Thompson
Tom
T
Treasure
Ulrich
U
Trohler
Jan
J
Vandenbroucke
D035843:Biomedical Research; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical