Fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous renal access.
Percutaneous renal surgery is dependent upon appropriate access to the targeted portion of the collecting system. Obtaining a well-positioned nephrostomy tract improves the urologist's ability to both obtain the desired surgical outcome and minimize attendant morbidities. The two primary methods of obtaining fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous renal access-"bull's eye" targeting and triangulation-are reviewed. The authors' preferred techniques are outlined, technical refinements are noted, and recent modifications and future directions are reviewed.
Steinberg
Peter L
PL
Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center , Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Semins
Michelle J
MJ
Wason
Shaun E L
SE
Matlaga
Brian R
BR
Pais
Vernon M
VM
D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007670:Kidney Calices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*