Esophageal cancer in Indigenous Australians in Far North Queensland.
OBJECTIVE
There is very little information known about esophageal cancer in Indigenous persons. In this retrospective study, we investigated the epidemiological and clinical features of Indigenous Australians with esophageal cancer.


METHODS
A retrospective study was carried out on Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians diagnosed with esophageal cancer at Cairns Base Hospital during the period 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2006. Information was obtained from hospital medical records, Queensland Cancer Registry survival data and Queensland Health Pathology Services laboratory results.


RESULTS
Thirteen Indigenous and 53 non-Indigenous patients were diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for a significantly higher proportion of esophageal cancers among Indigenous (11/13) than non-Indigenous patients (24/53) (P = 0.0135). Among patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer, Indigenous patients were more likely than non-Indigenous patients to present with metastatic disease (P = 0.0271) at a younger mean age (50.7 years vs 67.2 years; P = 0.0002). There was no significant difference between Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients concerning their mean survival time from date of biopsy (P = 0.7834) and whether patients had ever smoked (P = 0.0721) or consumed alcohol (P = 0.2849).


CONCLUSIONS
There is a high incidence of squamous esophageal cancer in the Indigenous population in Far North Queensland. Indigenous persons tend to present at a younger age and with metastatic disease.
James Cook University School of Medicine, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Vincent_ho@health.qld.gov.au
Vincent
V
Ho
David
D
Whiteman
Megge
M
Miller
Alexandra
A
Raulli
John
J
Ombiga
Peter
P
Boyd
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000208:ethnology; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors