Evaluation of selected properties of mineral trioxide aggregate sealer cement.
BACKGROUND
The addition of a water-soluble polymer to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), which to date has been used primarily to seal lateral root perforations and as a root-end filling material, resulted in material that is suitable for use as an endodontic sealer.


METHODS
MTA was mixed with water at powder/liquid ratios of 4 and 3.33 and an addition of 2 microL to 20 microL of water-soluble polymer. The materials were tested for flow and film thickness, and the optimal quantity of polymer required to conform to EN ISO 6876 Section 4.3.1, 4.3.4 (2002) was determined. The resultant MTA sealer was tested for radiopacity using methods suggested by ISO 6876 (2002) using pulp canal sealer (PCS) as control. The effect of polymer addition on the hydration characteristics of the MTA and calcium silicate cement was evaluated by assessing paste microstructure under the scanning electron microscope after 30 days and by collecting 50 quantitative analyses of the hydration products and plotting the data as atomic ratios. Plots of Al/Ca versus Si/Ca and S/Ca and Al/Ca were drawn.


RESULTS
High additions of polymer were required for the flow and film thickness of MTA to conform to ISO 6876 (2002). The resultant cement sealer had a lower radiopacity than PCS but greater than the 3-mm thickness of Al specified by the international standard. The addition of polymer did not modify the hydration mechanism of MTA.


CONCLUSIONS
The addition of a water-soluble polymer to MTA did not alter the hydration characteristics of the material and resulted in a material with improved properties suitable for use as endodontic sealer cement.
Camilleri
Josette
J
Department of Building and Civil Engineering, University of Malta, Malta. josette.camilleri@um.edu.mt
D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012212:Rheology; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012825:Silicon / Q000032:analysis; D012995:Solubility; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003287:Contrast Media; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D011108:Polymers; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D014867:Water; D013455:Sulfur; D000535:Aluminum; C031293:calcium silicate; D002118:Calcium; D012825:Silicon