Metabolic osteopathy in celiac disease: importance of a gluten-free diet.
Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is frequently found in individuals with untreated celiac disease (CD), possibly due to calcium and vitamin D malabsorption, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and misbalanced bone remodeling. A gluten-free diet (GFD) promotes a rapid increase in BMD that leads to complete recovery of bone mineralization in children. Children may attain normal peak bone mass if the diagnosis is made and treatment is given before puberty, thereby preventing osteoporosis in later life. A GFD improves, but rarely normalizes, BMD in patients diagnosed with CD in adulthood. In some cases, nutritional supplementation may be necessary. More information on therapeutic alternatives is needed.
Capriles
Vanessa D
VD
Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Martini
Ligia A
LA
Arêas
José Alfredo G
JA
D018488:Bone Demineralization, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000178:diet therapy; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D