NSAID drugs release from injectable microspheres produced by supercritical fluid emulsion extraction.
Supercritical fluid emulsion extraction is an innovative technology that uses supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) to extract the dispersed oily phase of an emulsion. This technology was used to produce poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres charged with two common NSAIDs: piroxicam (PX) and diclophenac sodium (DF). Single (O/W) and double (W/O/W) emulsions were tested and a comparative study between the characteristics of the microspheres obtained by SC-CO(2) extraction and the ones produced by conventional solvent evaporation (SE) is proposed. Varying the droplet dimensions, microspheres with mean diameters (MDs) of 1, 2, and 3 microm were obtained; however, the microspheres produced by SC-CO(2) gave always a better reproduction of the MD of original droplets because aggregation phenomena often modify the mean size and distribution of the microparticles produced by SE. Moreover, very efficient drug loadings (88% w/w of DF in PLGA using W/O/W emulsion and 97% of PX w/w in PLGA starting from O/W emulsion) were measured in the products obtained by SC-CO(2), respectively; whereas, the SE produced a drug loading of 30% in the case of double emulsion and of 70% for single emulsion. Solvent residue of 10 ppm was also measured by SC-CO(2) technology against the 600 ppm of the SE products. The release profiles of the entrapped drugs were also monitored to check the structure of the microspheres produced by this new technology.
Della Porta
G
G
Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano-Salerno, Italy. gdellaporta@unisa.it
Falco
N
N
Reverchon
E
E
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D004655:Emulsions / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D013499:Surface Properties
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D010894:Piroxicam; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004008:Diclofenac; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid