Antibody levels and protection after hepatitis B vaccine: results of a 22-year follow-up study and response to a booster dose.
BACKGROUND
The duration of protection in children and adults (including health care workers) resulting from the hepatitis B vaccine primary series is unknown.


METHODS
To determine the protection afforded by hepatitis B vaccine, Alaska Native persons who had received plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine when they were >6 months of age were tested for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) 22 years later. Those with levels <10 mIU/mL received 1 dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and were evaluated on the basis of anti-HBs measurements at 10-14 days, 30-60 days, and 1 year.


RESULTS
Of 493 participants, 60% (298) had an anti-HBs level >or=10 mIU/mL. A booster dose was administered to 164 persons, and 77% responded with an anti-HBs level >or=10 mIU/mL at 10-14 days, reaching 81% by 60 days. Response to a booster dose was positively correlated with younger age, peak anti-HBs response after primary vaccination, and the presence of detectable anti-HBs before boosting. Considering persons with an anti-HBs level >or=10 mIU/mL at 22 years and those who responded to the booster dose, protection was demonstrated in 87% of the participants. No new acute or chronic hepatitis B virus infections were identified.


CONCLUSIONS
The protection afforded by primary immunization with plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine during childhood and adulthood lasts at least 22 years. Booster doses are not needed.
McMahon
Brian J
BJ
Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, USA. bdm9@cdc.gov
Dentinger
Catherine M
CM
Bruden
Dana
D
Zanis
Carolyn
C
Peters
Helen
H
Hurlburt
Debbie
D
Bulkow
Lisa
L
Fiore
Anthony E
AE
Bell
Beth P
BP
Hennessy
Thomas W
TW
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines