The metabolic syndrome in women.
The clustering of metabolic risk factors, overweight and hypertension is of particular importance in postmenopausal women due to the negative effect of menopause on bodyweight, glucose metabolism and the development of hypertension. Menopause acts directly as a risk factor by reducing the direct beneficial effect of ovarian hormones on cardiovascular functions, and indirectly by negatively influencing traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease. All changes occurring after the menopause must be regarded under a unifying mechanism that induces unfavorable changes in cardiovascular risk factors and vascular functions, which interact with each other, amplifying the effect of ovarian hormone deficiency and aging.
Rosano
Giuseppe Mc
GM
Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Della Pisana 235, Roma 00163, Italy. giuseppe.rosano@sanraffaele.it.
Vitale
Cristiana
C
Mercuro
Giuseppe
G