Fluoroscopy-guided insertion of nasojejunal tubes in children - setting local diagnostic reference levels.
BACKGROUND
Little is known about the radiation burden from fluoroscopy-guided insertions of nasojejunal tubes (NJTs) in children. There are no recommended or published standards of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) available.


OBJECTIVE
To establish reference dose area product (DAP) levels for the fluoroscopy-guided insertion of nasojejunal tubes as a basis for setting DRLs for children. In addition, we wanted to assess our local practice and determine the success and complication rates associated with this procedure.


METHODS
Children who had NJT insertion procedures were identified retrospectively from the fluoroscopy database. The age of the child at the time of the procedure, DAP, screening time, outcome of the procedure, and any complications were recorded for each procedure. As the radiation dose depends on the size of the child, the children were assigned to three different age groups. The sample size, mean, median and third-quartile DAPs were calculated for each group. The third-quartile values were used to establish the DRLs.


RESULTS
Of 186 procedures performed, 172 were successful on the first attempt. These were performed in a total of 43 children with 60% having multiple insertions over time. The third-quartile DAPs were as follows for each age group: 0-12 months, 2.6 cGy cm(2); 1-7 years, 2.45 cGy cm(2); >8 years, 14.6 cGy cm(2). High DAP readings were obtained in the 0-12 months (n = 4) and >8 years (n = 2) age groups. No immediate complications were recorded.


CONCLUSIONS
Fluoroscopy-guided insertion of NJTs is a highly successful procedure in a selected population of children and is associated with a low complication rate. The radiation dose per procedure is relatively low.
Vitta
Lavanya
L
Department of Radiology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK. lavanyasuresh@yahoo.com
Raghavan
Ashok
A
Morrell
Rachel
R
Sprigg
Alan
A
D000293:Adolescent; D001822:Body Burden; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000592:standards*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D006113:United Kingdom