Complications of carotid stenting during live transmissions.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to examine the acute and subacute results of carotid stenting performed during live transmissions.


BACKGROUND
Teaching courses focusing on live demonstrations of carotid interventions have been the key educational facility for physicians interested in learning state-of-the-art interventional techniques of carotid stenosis treatment. However, starting with the very first live demonstration of interventional procedures, there has been an ongoing discussion whether patients treated during live transmissions are at higher risk.


METHODS
Between March 1, 2001, and June 30, 2008, 186 high-grade lesions of the internal carotid artery in 186 patients have been treated by stent implantation during live transmissions to 22 interventional conferences at 3 high-volume centers. Technical success was defined as the ability to perform carotid stent implantation. The combined end point of death, major stroke, minor stroke, or myocardial infarction was defined as primary end point.


RESULTS
The procedure was technically successful in 185 of 186 (99.5%) interventions. Seventeen patients had 1 of the following acute in-hospital complications: major stroke in 2 (1.1%), minor stroke in 3 (1.6%), transient ischemic attack in 11 (5.9%), and amaurosis of the ipsilateral eye due to an occlusion of the retinal artery in 1 (0.5%). None of the patients died, and no myocardial infarctions occurred. The composite primary end point occurred in 6 (3.2%) patients.


CONCLUSIONS
In this consecutive series of carotid stent cases performed by expert operators during live demonstration courses, the procedural and 30-day clinical outcomes were similar to the results appearing in the contemporary published data.
Franke
Jennifer
J
CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. jennifer.franke@gmx.net
Reimers
Bernhard
B
Scarpa
Marta
M
Span
Simonetta
S
Thieme
Marcus
M
Wunderlich
Nina
N
Scheinert
Dierk
D
Sievert
Horst
H
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000193:education / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality; D001766:Blindness / Q000209:etiology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D049269:Videoconferencing