The synthesis and function of the alarmone (p)ppGpp in firmicutes.
In most bacteria, nutrient limitations provoke the stringent control by the rapid synthesis of the alarmones pppGpp and ppGpp. The most prominent and highly conserved reaction is the repression of rRNA synthesis. Additionally, (p)ppGpp synthesis is also linked to many other physiological changes involving gene activation/repression but also protein translation, enzyme activation and replication. Whereas much of the basic research was performed with Escherichia coli there is now growing evidence that in gram-positive bacteria there are fundamental differences in (p)ppGpp synthesis, regulation and molecular function. Here we will focus on basic differences between firmicutes and proteobacteria, particularly E. coli.
Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. christiane.wolz@med.uni-tuebingen.de
Christiane
C
Wolz
Tobias
T
Geiger
Christiane
C
Goerke
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006158:Guanosine Pentaphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D006159:Guanosine Tetraphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D008025:Ligases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D006159:Guanosine Tetraphosphate; D006158:Guanosine Pentaphosphate; D008025:Ligases; C028812:guanosine 3',5'-polyphosphate synthetases