Hydrogen in drinking water reduces dopaminergic neuronal loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
It has been shown that molecular hydrogen (H(2)) acts as a therapeutic antioxidant and suppresses brain injury by buffering the effects of oxidative stress. Chronic oxidative stress causes neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we show that drinking H(2)-containing water significantly reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD model mice using both acute and chronic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The concentration-dependency of H(2) showed that H(2) as low as 0.08 ppm had almost the same effect as saturated H(2) water (1.5 ppm). MPTP-induced accumulation of cellular 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a marker of DNA damage, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of lipid peroxidation were significantly decreased in the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway in mice drinking H(2)-containing water, whereas production of superoxide (O(2)*(-)) detected by intravascular injection of dihydroethidium (DHE) was not reduced significantly. Our results indicated that low concentration of H(2) in drinking water can reduce oxidative stress in the brain. Thus, drinking H(2)-containing water may be useful in daily life to prevent or minimize the risk of life style-related oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.
Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Kyota
K
Fujita
Toshihiro
T
Seike
Noriko
N
Yutsudo
Mizuki
M
Ohno
Hidetaka
H
Yamada
Hiroo
H
Yamaguchi
Kunihiko
K
Sakumi
Yukiko
Y
Yamakawa
Mizuho A
MA
Kido
Atsushi
A
Takaki
Toshihiko
T
Katafuchi
Yoshinori
Y
Tanaka
Yusaku
Y
Nakabeppu
Mami
M
Noda
D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D051379:Mice; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D012306:Risk; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D014881:Water Supply
D014867:Water; C040846:4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D006859:Hydrogen; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D010100:Oxygen; D004298:Dopamine