Lipopolysaccharide-induced epithelial monoamine oxidase mediates alveolar bone loss in a rat chronic wound model.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is an antimicrobial response to pathogenic challenge that may, in the case of persistent infection, have deleterious effects on the tissue of origin. A rat periodontal disease model was used to study ROS-induced chronic epithelial inflammation and bone loss. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied for 8 weeks into the gingival sulcus, and histological analysis confirmed the onset of chronic disease. Junctional epithelium was collected from healthy and diseased animals using laser-capture microdissection, and expression microarray analysis was performed. Of 19,730 genes changed in disease, 42 were up-regulated >/=4-fold. Three of the top 10 LPS-induced genes, monoamine oxidase B (MAO/B) and flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 and 2, are implicated in ROS signaling. LPS-associated induction of the ROS mediator H(2)O(2), as well as MAO/B and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels were validated in the rat histological sections and a porcine junctional epithelial cell culture model. Topical MAO inhibitors significantly counteracted LPS-associated elevation of H(2)O(2) production and TNF-alpha expression in vivo and in vitro, inhibited disease-associated apical migration and proliferation of junctional epithelium and inhibited induced systemic H(2)O(2) levels and alveolar bone loss in vivo. These results suggest that LPS induces chronic wounds via elevated MAO/B-mediated increases in H(2)O(2) and TNF-alpha activity by epithelial cells and is further associated with more distant effects on systemic oxidative stress and alveolar bone loss.
Ekuni
Daisuke
D
Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
Firth
James D
JD
Nayer
Tarun
T
Tomofuji
Takaaki
T
Sanbe
Toshihiro
T
Irie
Koichiro
K
Yamamoto
Tatsuo
T
Oka
Takashi
T
Liu
Zhenzi
Z
Vielkind
Juergen
J
Putnins
Edward E
EE
D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D042282:Microdissection; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010624:Phenelzine / Q000494:pharmacology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D018075:RNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018075:RNA, Complementary; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D010624:Phenelzine