An update on the self-care of heart failure index.
BACKGROUND
The Self-care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) is a measure of self-care defined as a naturalistic decision-making process involving the choice of behaviors that maintain physiological stability (maintenance) and the response to symptoms when they occur (management). In the 5 years since the SCHFI was published, we have added items, refined the response format of the maintenance scale and the SCHFI scoring procedure, and modified our advice about how to use the scores.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this article was to update users on these changes.


METHODS
In this article, we address 8 specific questions about reliability, item difficulty, frequency of administration, learning effects, social desirability, validity, judgments of self-care adequacy, clinically relevant change, and comparability of the various versions.


RESULTS
The addition of items to the self-care maintenance scale did not significantly change the coefficient alpha, providing evidence that the structure of the instrument is more powerful than the individual items. No learning effect is associated with repeated administration. Social desirability is minimal. More evidence is provided of the validity of the SCHFI. A score of 70 or greater can be used as the cut-point to judge self-care adequacy, although evidence is provided that benefit occurs at even lower levels of self-care. A change in a scale score more than one-half of an SD is considered clinically relevant. Because of the standardized scores, results obtained with prior versions can be compared with those from later versions.


CONCLUSIONS
The SCHFI v.6 is ready to be used by investigators. By publication in this format, we are putting the instrument in the public domain; permission is not required to use the SCHFI.
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. briegel@nursing.upenn.edu
Barbara
B
Riegel
Christopher S
CS
Lee
Victoria Vaughan
VV
Dickson
Beverly
B
Carlson
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires