A mechanism-based classification of dermatologic reactions to biologic agents used in the treatment of cutaneous disease: Part 1.
Biologic therapies are an efficacious new method of controlling a number of chronic conditions. Data regarding these medications continues to emerge, giving clinicians a greater understanding of their side effects profiles. The biologic agents used in dermatology, particularly the tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, have a number of varied dermatologic side effects. In this two-part article, we perform a review of literature regarding the cutaneous side effects of infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, rituximab, efalizumab, and alefacept. In Part 1, we will discuss cutaneous infections, malignancy, rebound phenomenon, eczema, atopic dermatitis, lichenoid reactions, granulomatous disease, pruritus, acne, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201-1734, USA.
Matthew
M
Bremmer
April
A
Deng
Anthony A
AA
Gaspari
D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000139:chemically induced; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000145:classification* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab; D007968:Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / Q000139:chemically induced; D017512:Lichenoid Eruptions / Q000139:chemically induced; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab