Matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene polymorphism in renal transplant patients with gingival overgrowth.
OBJECTIVE
Gingival enlargement frequently occurs in transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. It was hypothesized that gingival enlargement associated with cyclosporine use results from reduced degradation of extracellular matrix in the gingiva. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is involved in biodegradation of the extracellular matrix, and its inhibition may contribute to an abnormal accumulation of fibronectin and proteoglycans, which are MMP-3 substrates. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an association exists between MMP-3 genotypes and gingival enlargement in kidney transplant patients medicated with cyclosporine A.


METHODS
Sixty-four unrelated kidney transplant patients suffering from gingival overgrowth, as well as 111 control transplant patients without gingival overgrowth, were enrolled in the study. Gingival overgrowth was assessed 6 mo after transplantation. During the post-transplant period all patients were given cyclosporine A as a principal immunosuppressive agent. MMP-3 polymorphism was determined using a PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.


RESULTS
In kidney transplant patients suffering from gingival overgrowth the mean gingival overgrowth score was 1.35 +/- 0.57, whereas in control subjects the mean gingival overgrowth score was 0.0. The distribution of MMP-3-1178A/dupA alleles among all kidney transplant patients, as well as in the two study subgroups, did not differ significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the MMP-3-1171A/A genotype (28.1% for gingival overgrowth vs. 26.1% for controls) and of the MMP-3-1171dupA/dupA genotype (32.8% for gingival overgrowth vs. 22.5% for controls) was similar for both study groups. The risk of gingival overgrowth was lowest among patients carrying the MMP-3-1171A/dupA genotype (odds ratio 0.52), but this did not differ markedly from the other genotypes.


CONCLUSIONS
No association between MMP-3 gene polymorphism and gingival overgrowth was revealed in kidney transplant patients administered cyclosporine A.
Drozdzik
A
A
Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. drozdzik@sci.pam.szczecin.pl
Kurzawski
M
M
Lener
A
A
Kozak
M
M
Banach
J
J
Drozdzik
M
M
D000225:Adenine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; C511768:MMP3 protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D000225:Adenine