Incident heart failure prediction in the elderly: the health ABC heart failure score.
BACKGROUND
Despite the rising heart failure (HF) incidence and aging United States population, there are no validated prediction models for incident HF in the elderly. We sought to develop a new prediction model for 5-year risk of incident HF among older persons.


RESULTS
Proportional hazards models were used to assess independent predictors of incident HF, defined as hospitalization for new-onset HF, in 2935 elderly participants without baseline HF enrolled in the Health ABC study (age, 73.6 +/- 2.9 years, 47.9% males, 58.6% whites). A prediction equation was developed and internally validated by bootstrapping, allowing the development of a 5-year risk score. Incident HF developed in 258 (8.8%) participants during 6.5 +/- 1.8 years of follow-up. Independent predictors of incident HF included age, history of coronary disease and smoking, baseline systolic blood pressure and heart rate, serum glucose, creatinine, and albumin levels, and left ventricular hypertrophy. The Health ABC HF model had a c-statistic of 0.73 in the derivation dataset, 0.72 by internal validation (optimism-corrected), and good calibration (goodness-of-fit 2 6.24, P=0.621). A simple point score was created to predict incident HF risk into 4 risk groups corresponding to <5%, 5% to 10%, 10% to 20%, and >20% 5-year risk. The actual 5-year incident HF rates in these groups were 2.9%, 5.7%, 13.3%, and 36.8%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The Health ABC HF prediction model uses common clinical variables to predict incident HF risk in the elderly, an approach that may be used to target and treat high-risk individuals.
Javed
J
Butler
Andreas
A
Kalogeropoulos
Vasiliki
V
Georgiopoulou
Rhonda
R
Belue
Nicolas
N
Rodondi
Melissa
M
Garcia
Douglas C
DC
Bauer
Suzanne
S
Satterfield
Andrew L
AL
Smith
Viola
V
Vaccarino
Anne B
AB
Newman
Tamara B
TB
Harris
Peter W F
PW
Wilson
Stephen B
SB
Kritchevsky
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology