Bone growth stimulation for foot and ankle nonunions.
During the last few decades, electrical current stimulation has gone from an investigational modality to an accepted method of treatment to assist with bone healing. This article provides an overview of electrical bone stimulation for nonunions in the foot and ankle.
Division of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Crystal L
CL
Ramanujam
Ronald
R
Belczyk
Thomas
T
Zgonis
D001174:Arthrodesis; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D014465:Ultrasonics