Microbial translocation is associated with residual viral replication in HAART-treated HIV+ subjects with <50copies/ml HIV-1 RNA.
BACKGROUND
Recent data have shown that plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are a quantitative indicator of microbial translocation in HIV infected individuals.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of residual viral replication on plasma LPS in HAART-treated HIV+ subjects with <50copies/ml HIV-1 RNA and to evaluate LPS changes during repeated HAART interruptions not exceeding 2-month duration.


METHODS
LPS was measured in 44 HIV+ subjects at T0 (during HAART) and at day 15 of the first and fourth HAART interruption. Ten uninfected, healthy donors were studied as well. Residual plasma HIV-1 RNA was measured at T0 by an ultra-ultrasensitive method with limit of detection of 2.5copies HIV-1 RNA/ml. Subjects with less than 2.5copies/ml (fully suppressed - FS) were compared to those with 2.5-50copies/ml (partially suppressed - PS).


RESULTS
At T0, plasma LPS levels were comparable in FS and uninfected subjects, whereas in PS they were higher than in uninfected subjects (p=0.049). After 4 HAART interruptions, they did not change significantly. However, LPS values were lower in FS than in PS (p=0.020). An inverse correlation was found between CD4 and LPS levels (p=0.044) in PS group only.


CONCLUSIONS
A reduced degree of microbial translocation was seen in subjects with a more complete suppression of viral replication. Repeated HAART interruptions had no significant impact on plasma LPS levels.
Baroncelli
Silvia
S
Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Galluzzo
Clementina Maria
CM
Pirillo
Maria Franca
MF
Mancini
Maria Grazia
MG
Weimer
Liliana Elena
LE
Andreotti
Mauro
M
Amici
Roberta
R
Vella
Stefano
S
Giuliano
Marina
M
Palmisano
Lucia
L
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D014779:Virus Replication
D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012367:RNA, Viral