Daunorubicin induces procoagulant response through phosphatidylserine exposure in red blood cells.
BACKGROUND
Cytotoxic chemotherapy induces or worsens hemostatic disorders in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Procoagulant release and tissue factor expression on tumor cells are considered to contribute to chemotherapeutic agents-associated coagulopathy. The role of red blood cells during this process has not been determined; although they lack tissue factor, they may contribute suitable membranes for the amplification phase of blood coagulation. The present study aims to evaluate the possible impact of daunorubicin on phosphatidylserine exposure and consequent procoagulant property of red blood cells.


METHODS
Red blood cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients and healthy donors were treated with daunorubicin as well as all-trans-retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide or etoposide for 0-48 h. Procoagulant activity was assessed by measurement of a clotting time and by purified coagulation complex assays. Lactadherin was used as a probe for phosphatidylserine.


RESULTS
Daunorubicin treatment increased procoagulant activity of red blood cells regardless of the cell origin. Moreover, coagulation complexes assays supported daunorubicin-evoked procoagulant response. The procoagulant property of red blood cells was not affected by the other three agents. The modulating effect of procoagulant activity was concomitant with and dependent on level of phosphatidylserine on the outer surface. Blockade of phosphatidylserine with lactadherin inhibited over 90% of tenase generation and prothrombinase activity and prolonged the coagulation time.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that daunorubicin interacts with red blood cells in a manner that increases phosphatidylserine exposure and consequent procoagulant activity. Lactadherin is an efficient anticoagulant of this process.
Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China. zhoujin1111@126.com
Jin
J
Zhou
Yining
Y
Zheng
Jialan
J
Shi
Chengfang
C
Lu
Jinxiao
J
Hou
Hongjuan
H
Yu
Xin
X
Qiao
Sen
S
Qi
Gary E
GE
Gilbert
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000378:metabolism; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D003630:Daunorubicin