Antioxidant, anti-microbial and antimutagenicity activities of pistachio (Pistachia vera) green hull extract.
Antioxidant, anti-microbial and antimutagenicity activities of pistachio (Ahmadaghaei variety) green hull extracts (crude and purified extracts) were studied. At first, different solvents were compared for determining of the best solvent for extraction of phenolic compounds from pistachio green hull. Water and acetonitrile with 49.32 and 6.22 (mg of gallic acid equivalents/g sample) were the best and the worst solvent in the extraction of phenolic compounds, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of crude and purified extracts were assessed through ABTS assay, DPPH assay and beta-carotene bleaching (BCB) method. A concentration-dependent antioxidative capacity was verified in ABTS, DPPH assays and BCB method. The anti-microbial capacity was screened against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, and fungi. Aqueous and purified extracts inhibited the growth of Gram positive bacteria; Bacillus cereus was the most susceptible one with MIC of 1mg/mL and 0.5mg/mL for the crude and purified extracts, respectively. The results of antimutagenicity test showed that phenolic compounds of pistachio green hull have antimutagenicity activity against direct mutagen of 2-nitrofluorene. The results obtained indicate that pistachio green hull may become important as a cheap and noticeable source of compounds with health protective potential and anti-microbial activity.
Rajaei
Ahmad
A
Department of Food Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran.
Barzegar
Mohsen
M
Mobarez
Ashraf Mohabati
AM
Sahari
Mohammad Ali
MA
Esfahani
Zohre Hamidi
ZH
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D027927:Pistacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D019207:beta Carotene; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl