Genotoxicity studies of organically grown broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and its interactions with urethane, methyl methanesulfonate and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide genotoxicity in the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster.
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) has been defined as a cancer preventive food. Nevertheless, broccoli contains potentially genotoxic compounds as well. We performed the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster in treatments with organically grown broccoli (OGB) and co-treatments with the promutagen urethane (URE), the direct alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) in the standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses with inducible and high levels of cytochrome P450s (CYPs), respectively. Larvae of both crosses were chronically fed with OGB or fresh market broccoli (FMB) as a non-organically grown control, added with solvents or mutagens solutions. In both crosses, the OGB added with Tween-ethanol yielded the expected reduction in the genotoxicity spontaneous rate. OGB co-treatments did not affect the URE effect, MMS showed synergy and 4-NQO damage was modulated in both crosses. In contrast, FMB controls produced damage increase; co-treatments modulated URE genotoxicity, diminished MMS damage, and did not change the 4-NQO damage. The high dietary consumption of both types of broccoli and its protective effects in D. melanogaster are discussed.
Genetic Toxicology, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54090 Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico. heres@campus.iztacala.unam.mx
María Eugenia
ME
Heres-Pulido
Irma
I
Dueñas-García
Laura
L
Castañeda-Partida
Luis Felipe
LF
Santos-Cruz
Viridiana
V
Vega-Contreras
Rosa
R
Rebollar-Vega
Juan Carlos
JC
Gómez-Luna
Angel
A
Durán-Díaz
D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001937:Brassica / Q000633:toxicity*; D003580:Cytochromes / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000187:drug effects; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D058870:Food, Organic / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry; D005612:Freeze Drying; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000633:toxicity*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011687:Purines / Q000737:chemistry; D015363:Quinolones / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014520:Urethane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000502:physiology*
C120195:4-nitroquinolone-1-oxide; D003580:Cytochromes; D018736:DNA Adducts; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009153:Mutagens; D011687:Purines; D015363:Quinolones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014520:Urethane; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide; D004247:DNA; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate; C030985:purine