Three-dimensional nanoscale imaging of polymer bulk-heterojunction by scanning electrical potential microscopy and C60(+) cluster ion slicing.
Solution-processable fullerene and copolymer bulk-heterojunctions are widely used as the active layer of solar cells. It is known that the controlled phase-separation in the film provides a pathway for carrier transportation and is crucial to efficiency. In this work, scanning electrical potential microscopy (SEPM) is used to examine the surface distribution of [6,6]phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester and poly(3-hexylthiophene), which form the bulk-heterojunction. Because the two components have different energies in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the differences in contact potential yield strong contrast in SEPM. A cluster ion beam (C(60)(+)) is used to remove the surface in order to determine the structure below, and SEPM is used to analyze the newly exposed surface. With the SEPM images acquired from different depth through the material stacked, a 3D volume image is obtained. It is demonstrated that using SEPM with cluster ion slicing is an effective tool for studying the 3D nanostructures of soft materials.
Yu
Bang-Ying
BY
Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
Lin
Wei-Chun
WC
Huang
Jen-Hsien
JH
Chu
Chih-Wei
CW
Lin
Yu-Chin
YC
Kuo
Che-Hung
CH
Lee
Szu-Hsian
SH
Wong
Ken-Tseng
KT
Ho
Kuo-Chuan
KC
Shyue
Jing-Jong
JJ