Effects of different general anesthetics on serum hemolysis and hepatic and muscular glycogenolysis in rats.
Anesthetics can affect the structure and biological function of tissues and systems differentially. The aim of the present study was to compare three injectable anesthetics generally used in experiments with animals in terms of the degree of hemolysis and glycogenolysis occurring after profound anesthesia. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (330-440 g) were divided into three groups (N = 8): chloral hydrate (CH), ketamine + xylazine (KX), Zoletil 50(R) (zolazepam and tiletamine) + xylazine (ZTX). After deep anesthesia, total blood was collected. The liver and white (WG) and red gastrocnemius (RG) muscles were also immediately removed. The degree of serum hemolysis was quantified on the basis of hemoglobin concentration (g/L). Hepatic and muscular glycogen concentrations (mmol/kg wet tissue) were quantified by the phenol-sulfuric method. The CH and KX groups exhibited serum hemolysis (4.0 +/- 2.2 and 1.9 +/- 0.9 g/L, respectively; P < 0.05) compared to the ZTX group, which presented none. Only KX induced elevated glycogenolysis (mmol/kg wet tissue) in the liver (86.9 +/- 63.2) and in WG (18.7 +/- 9.0) and RG (15.2 +/- 7.2; P < 0.05). The CH and ZTX groups exhibited no glycogenolysis in the liver (164.4 +/- 41.1 and 176.8 +/- 54.4, respectively), WG (28.8 +/- 4.4, 32.0 +/- 6.5, respectively) or RG (29.0 +/- 4.9; 25.3 +/- 8.6, respectively). Our data indicate that ZTX seems to be an appropriate general anesthetic for studies that seek to simultaneously quantify the concentration of glycogen and serum biochemical markers without interferences. ZTX is reasonably priced, found easily at veterinary markets, quickly induces deep anesthesia, and presents a low mortality rate.
Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
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Machado
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Normand
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Nunes
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Brenzikofer
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Macedo
D018681:Anesthetics, General / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004338:Drug Combinations; D050261:Glycogenolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008112:Liver Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014991:Xylazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000494:pharmacology
D018681:Anesthetics, General; D015415:Biomarkers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008112:Liver Glycogen; C006131:tiletamine, zolazepam drug combination; D014991:Xylazine; D013992:Tiletamine; D007649:Ketamine; D015041:Zolazepam