Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the support of infants, children, and young adults with acute myocarditis: a review of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry.
OBJECTIVE
To describe survival outcomes for pediatric patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe myocarditis and identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality.


METHODS
Retrospective review of Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry database.


METHODS
Data reported to Extracorporeal Life Support Organization from 116 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers.


METHODS
Patients < or = 18 yrs of age supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for myocarditis during 1995 to 2006.


METHODS
None.


RESULTS
Of 19,348 reported pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation uses from 1995 to 2006, 260 runs were for 255 patients with a diagnosis of myocarditis (1.3%). Survival to hospital discharge was 61%. Seven patients (3%) underwent heart transplantation and six patients survived to discharge. Of 100 patients not surviving to hospital discharge, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was withdrawn in 70 (70%) with multiple organ failure as the indication in 58 (83%) patients. In a multivariable model, female gender (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3, 95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.2), arrhythmia on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (adjusted odds ratio, 2.7, 95% confidence interval, 1.5-5.1), and renal failure requiring dialysis (adjusted odds ratio, 5.1, 95% confidence interval, 2.3-11.4) were associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a valuable tool to rescue children with severe cardiorespiratory compromise related to myocarditis. Female gender, arrhythmia on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and need for dialysis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were associated with increased mortality.
Rajagopal
Satish K
SK
Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA. Satish.Rajagopal@cardio.chboston.org
Almond
Christopher S
CS
Laussen
Peter C
PC
Rycus
Peter T
PT
Wypij
David
D
Thiagarajan
Ravi R
RR
D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012042:Registries; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis