Salivary interleukin-1beta concentration and the presence of multiple pathogens in periodontitis.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to find salivary enzymes and/or cytokines that would reflect periodontitis, alone or in combination with salivary microbial markers.


METHODS
The salivary concentrations of elastase, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and the presence of five periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, were analysed from salivary specimens of 165 subjects, a subpopulation of Health 2000 Health Examination Survey in Finland; 84 of the subjects had probing pocket depth (PPD) of > or =4 mm at 14 or more teeth (the advanced periodontitis group), while 81 subjects had no teeth with PPD of > or =4 mm (the control group). All subjects had at least 20 teeth and no systemic diseases.


RESULTS
Among the salivary cytokines and enzymes tested, IL-1beta was the only biomarker associated with periodontitis. An association was also found with the presence of multiple periodontal pathogens. Salivary IL-1beta and the presence of multiple periodontal pathogens were associated with periodontitis at the same magnitude, when they were in the logistic regression model individually or together.


CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that salivary IL-1beta and the presence of multiple periodontal pathogens in saliva should be studied more thoroughly as markers of periodontitis.
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. ulvi.gursoy@helsinki.fi
Ulvi Kahraman
UK
Gursoy
Eija
E
Könönen
Veil-Jukka
VJ
Uitto
Pirkko J
PJ
Pussinen
Kati
K
Hyvärinen
Liisa
L
Suominen-Taipale
Matti
M
Knuuttila
D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000032:analysis; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012907:Smoking; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
D015415:Biomarkers; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase