Nonbacterial osteitis: a clinical, histopathological, and imaging study with a proposal for protocol-based management of patients with this diagnosis.
BACKGROUND
Nonbacterial osteitis (NBO), a term referring to sterile bone lesions with nonspecific histopathological features of inflammation, may be either unifocal or multifocal, acute (< or =6 months) or chronic, and recurrent. Only when the condition is chronic, recurrent, and multifocal is it appropriate to use the term chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). We present our clinical experience as the largest reported series of children with NBO to date.


METHODS
We report a retrospective clinical, histopathological, and radiological study of 41 children with nonbacterial osteitis.


RESULTS
Of 41 children (2-16 years of age) diagnosed with NBO in our institution over the last 6 years, 21 (51%) had recurrent disease and 18 (44%) had multifocal disease. The most common bones affected were the clavicle, femur, and tibia (in order of decreasing prevalence) accounting for 44 (63%) of a total of 70 lesions. Only one individual had SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) and no other patients had evidence of bowel or skin disease. In the absence of evidence for an infective etiology, we recommend nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents as the firstline therapy and bisphosphonates only in cases of resistant disease.


CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of our findings, we propose using a patient questionnaire and protocol for investigating and managing patients who present with NBO to orthopedic surgeons. We predict that this will benefit patients with this disorder by improving our knowledge of the presenting signs and symptoms and related disorders, rationalizing the therapeutic approach, and allowing us to learn about the natural history of the disease.
Gikas
Panagiotis D
PD
Bone Tumour Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK.
Islam
Lily
L
Aston
William
W
Tirabosco
Roberto
R
Saifuddin
Asif
A
Briggs
Timothy W R
TW
Cannon
Steve R
SR
O'Donnell
Paul
P
Jacobs
Benjamin
B
Flanagan
Adrienne M
AM
D000293:Adolescent; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010000:Osteitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004164:Diphosphonates