Fmt bypass in Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes induction of MexXY efflux pump expression.
The intrinsic resistance of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to the peptide deformylase inhibitor (PDF-I) LBM415 was mediated by the MexAB-OprM and MexXY-OprM efflux pumps, the latter of which was strongly induced by LBM415. Single-step exposure of PAO1 deleted for mexAB-oprM (therefore lacking both MexAB-OprM and MexXY-OprM functions) to PDF-Is selected for nfxB mutants, which express the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump, indicating that these compounds are also substrates for this pump. Selection of resistant mutants by use of levels of LBM415 greater than that accommodated by efflux yielded two additional groups of mutations, in the methionyl-tRNA(fmet) formyltransferase (fmt) and folD genes. Both mechanisms are known to impose an in vitro growth deficit (also observed here), presumably due to impairment of protein synthesis. We surmised that this inherent impairment of protein synthesis would upregulate expression of mexXY in a fashion similar to upregulation by LBM415 or by ribosome inhibitory compounds. Transcriptional profiling and/or mexX::lux promoter fusion analysis revealed that fmt and folD mutants were strongly upregulated for mexXY and another gene known to be required for upregulation of the pump, PA5471. Complementation of the fmt mutation in trans reversed this constitutive expression. This supports the notion that MexXY has a natural physiological function responding to impairment of ribosome function or protein synthesis and that fmt mutation (Fmt bypass) and folD mutation generate the intracellular mexXY-inducing signal.
Caughlan
Ruth E
RE
Infectious Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Sriram
Shubha
S
Daigle
Denis M
DM
Woods
Angela L
AL
Buco
Jennifer
J
Peterson
Ron L
RL
Dzink-Fox
Joann
J
Walker
Susan
S
Dean
Charles R
CR
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000494:pharmacology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C118598:MexA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; C118597:MexB protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; C402791:MexXY protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; C402792:MexZ protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; C487638:NVP PDF 713; C402263:OprM protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D010455:Peptides; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013752:Tetracycline