I. Effects of a dopamine receptor antagonist on fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, reproduction.
Neurotransmitters such as dopamine play an important role in regulating fish reproduction. However, the potential for neuroendocrine active chemicals to disrupt fish reproduction has not been well studied, despite emerging evidence of their discharge into aquatic environments. This study is the first to apply the fathead minnow 21 d reproduction assay developed for the US Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of a model neuroendocrine active chemical, the dopamine 2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol. Continuous exposure to up to 20 imcrog haloperidol/L had no significant effects on fathead minnow fecundity, secondary sex characteristics, gonad histology, or plasma steroid and vitellogenin concentrations. The only significant effect observed was an increase in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (cGnRH) transcripts in the male brain. Results suggest that non-lethal concentrations of haloperidol do not directly impair fish reproduction. Potential effects of haloperidol on reproductive behaviors and gene expression were examined in a companion study.
US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA. villeneuve.dan@epa.gov
Daniel L
DL
Villeneuve
Natàlia
N
Garcia-Reyero
Dalma
D
Martinović
Nathaniel D
ND
Mueller
Jenna E
JE
Cavallin
Elizabeth J
EJ
Durhan
Elizabeth A
EA
Makynen
Kathleen M
KM
Jensen
Michael D
MD
Kahl
Lindsey S
LS
Blake
Edward J
EJ
Perkins
Gerald T
GT
Ankley
D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000254:growth & development; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006066:Gonads / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000097:blood; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D006220:Haloperidol