Prevalence and safety-relevance of drug-related problems in German community pharmacies.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess prevalence and characteristics, including safety-relevance, of drug-related problems (DRPs) detectable in community pharmacy routine service, and to investigate the influence of relevant risk factors.


METHODS
Patients in 69 community pharmacies in Berlin were surveyed using a checklist for quality assurance of DRP detection in order to enable quantitative detection. An expert committee assessed the safety-relevance of detected DRPs by use of an algorithm. Logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the influence of different risk factors.


RESULTS
Of the 3040 surveyed patients, 638 (21.0%) were affected by DRPs. Among these, 455 (71.3%) had problems of low, 170 (26.6%) of significant and 13 (2.0%) of high safety-relevance. Significant risk factors identified were self-medication and new medication, especially new prescriptions. Age, gender and the number of dispensed drugs had little influence on occurrence of DRPs. The two major groups of DRPs were therapeutic errors, often correlating with self-medication, and information problems, often correlating with new medications. Drug classes most frequently associated with DRPs were analgesics/NSAID, antibiotics, nasal preparations and cough medications.


CONCLUSIONS
DRPs are frequent among patients in German community pharmacies. Advanced research in this field (DRP-pharmacovigilance) and implementation of methods for quality assurance of pharmaceutical counselling, that is exhaustive DRP detection, may improve the safety of drug therapies significantly. In particular, pharmaceutical counselling is an important instrument for assuring treatment appropriateness and safety of OTC drugs.
Lewinski
Daniel
D
Berlin Pharmaceutical Association, Berlin, Germany. dlewinski2@gmail.com
Wind
Stefan
S
Belgardt
Christian
C
Plate
Vanessa
V
Behles
Christian
C
Schweim
Harald G
HG
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult