FOXE1 association with both isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and isolated cleft palate.
Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts are a common complex birth defect caused by genetic and environmental factors and/or their interactions. A previous genome-wide linkage scan discovered a novel locus for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) at 9q22-q33. To identify the etiologic gene, we undertook an iterative and complementary fine mapping strategy using family-based CL/P samples from Colombia, USA and the Philippines. Candidate genes within 9q22-q33 were sequenced, revealing 32 new variants. Concurrently, 397 SNPs spanning the 9q22-q33 2-LOD-unit interval were tested for association. Significant SNP and haplotype association signals (P = 1.45E - 08) narrowed the interval to a 200 kb region containing: FOXE1, C9ORF156 and HEMGN. Association results were replicated in CL/P families of European descent and when all populations were combined the two most associated SNPs, rs3758249 (P = 5.01E - 13) and rs4460498 (P = 6.51E - 12), were located inside a 70 kb high linkage disequilibrium block containing FOXE1. Association signals for Caucasians and Asians clustered 5' and 3' of FOXE1, respectively. Isolated cleft palate (CP) was also associated, indicating that FOXE1 plays a role in two phenotypes thought to be genetically distinct. Foxe1 expression was found in the epithelium undergoing fusion between the medial nasal and maxillary processes. Mutation screens of FOXE1 identified two family-specific missense mutations at highly conserved amino acids. These data indicate that FOXE1 is a major gene for CL/P and provides new insights for improved counseling and genetic interaction studies.
Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Lina M
LM
Moreno
Maria Adela
MA
Mansilla
Steve A
SA
Bullard
Margaret E
ME
Cooper
Tamara D
TD
Busch
Junichiro
J
Machida
Marla K
MK
Johnson
David
D
Brauer
Katherine
K
Krahn
Sandy
S
Daack-Hirsch
Jamie
J
L'heureux
Consuelo
C
Valencia-Ramirez
Dora
D
Rivera
Ana Maria
AM
López
Manuel A
MA
Moreno
Anne
A
Hing
Edward J
EJ
Lammer
Marilyn
M
Jones
Kaare
K
Christensen
Rolv T
RT
Lie
Astanand
A
Jugessur
Allen J
AJ
Wilcox
Peter
P
Chines
Elizabeth
E
Pugh
Kim
K
Doheny
Mauricio
M
Arcos-Burgos
Mary L
ML
Marazita
Jeffrey C
JC
Murray
Andrew C
AC
Lidral
D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 / Q000235:genetics*; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000235:genetics*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score
C106894:FOXE1 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors