Development of therapeutic HPV vaccines.
At least 15% of human malignant diseases are attributable to the consequences of persistent viral or bacterial infection. Chronic infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types is a necessary, but insufficient, cause in the development of more cancers than any other virus. Currently available prophylactic vaccines have no therapeutic effect for established infection or for disease. Early disease is characterised by tissue sequestration. However, because a proportion of intraepithelial HPV-associated disease undergoes immune-mediated regression, the development of immunotherapeutic strategies is an opportunity to determine proof-of-principle for therapeutic vaccines. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in this field and priorities for future clinical investigations.
Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA. ctrimbl@jhmi.edu
Cornelia L
CL
Trimble
Ian H
IH
Frazer
D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology*
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines