Single-electronic radio-frequency refrigerator.
We demonstrate experimentally that a hybrid single-electron transistor with superconducting leads and a normal-metal island can be refrigerated by an alternating voltage applied to the gate electrode. The simultaneous measurement of the dc current induced by the rf gate through the device at a small bias voltage serves as an in situ thermometer.
Kafanov
S
S
Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, 02015 TKK, Finland. sergey.kafanov@ltl.tkk.fi
Kemppinen
A
A
Pashkin
Yu A
YA
Meschke
M
M
Tsai
J S
JS
Pekola
J P
JP