Diesel exhaust particles in the lung aggravate experimental acute renal failure.
Inhaled particles are associated with pulmonary and extrapulmonary effects. Also, acute renal failure (ARF) is associated with increased mortality, related to pulmonary complications. Here, we tested the possible potentiating effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in an animal model of ARF induced by a single ip injection of cisplatin (CP, 6 mg/kg) in rats. Six days later, the rats were intratracheally instilled with either DEP (0.5 or 1 mg/kg) or saline (control) and renal, systemic, and pulmonary variables were studied 24 h thereafter. CP increased the serum concentrations of urea and creatinine and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and superoxide dismutase activity in renal cortex. CP caused renal tubular necrosis; increased urine volume, protein concentrations, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity; and decreased urine osmolality. The combination of DEP and CP aggravated the CP-induced effects on serum urea and creatinine, urine NAG activity, and renal GSH. The arterial O(2) saturation and PO(2) were significantly decreased in CP + DEP versus CP + saline and CP + DEP versus DEP. The number of platelets was reduced in DEP compared to saline-treated rats and CP + DEP versus DEP alone or CP + saline. Increases in macrophage and neutrophils numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage were found in DEP versus saline group and CP + DEP versus CP. Histopathological changes in lungs of DEP-treated rats were aggravated by the combination of CP + DEP. These included marked interstitial cell infiltration and congestion. We conclude that the presence of DEP in the lung aggravated the renal, pulmonary, and systemic effects of CP-induced ARF.
Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. anemmar@uaeu.ac.ae
Abderrahim
A
Nemmar
Suhail
S
Al-Salam
Shaheen
S
Zia
Javed
J
Yasin
Isehaq
I
Al Husseni
Badreldin H
BH
Ali
D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002945:Cisplatin; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000139:chemically induced; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
D015415:Biomarkers; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase; D005978:Glutathione; D002945:Cisplatin; D010100:Oxygen