The mast cell: a multifunctional effector cell.
Mast cells (MC) are recognized key cells of type I hypersensitivity reactions. Several lines of evidence, however, indicate that MC not only express critical effector functions in classic IgE-associated allergic disorders, but also play important roles in host defence against parasites, bacteria and perhaps even viruses. Indeed, it is now clear that MC can contribute to host defence in the context of either acquired or innate immune responses through the release of a myriad of pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory molecules and the expression of a wide spectrum of surface receptors for cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, there is growing evidence that MC exert distinct nonimmunological functions, playing a relevant role in tissue homeostasis, remodeling and fibrosis as well as in the processes of tissue angiogenesis. In this review, we provide a small insight into the biology of mast cells and their potential implications in human pathology.
Dipartimento di Ricerche Mediche e Morfologiche Sezione di Anatomia, P.le Kolbe 3 33100 Udine, Italy. enrico.crivellato@drmm.uniud.it
Enrico
E
Crivellato
Domenico
D
Ribatti
Franco
F
Mallardi
Carlo Alberto
CA
Beltrami
D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology
D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators