Nephrolithiasis: treatment, causes, and prevention.
Factors that promote stone formation include low daily urine volumes; saturation of the urine with calcium, oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, or cystine; acidic urine; and bacterial infection. The author identifies the mechanisms of stone formation and outlines management aimed at preventing recurrences.
Department of Nephrology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. hallp@ccf.org
Phillip M
PM
Hall
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053565:Hypercalciuria / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000150:complications; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
D014527:Uric Acid; D002118:Calcium