Induction of lactational estrus in organic piglet production.
The longer lactation period required in organic piglet producing herds reduces the potential number of produced litters per sow per year compared with that of conventional production. Induction and use of lactational estrus may be a way to increase the productivity in organic production. However, if lactational estrus is to be beneficial under practical husbandry conditions, it is crucial that the majority of sows are successfully mated within a few days to make batch farrowing procedures possible. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and timing of lactational estrus in an organic outdoor system based on ad libitum feeding, individual housing until Day 35 in lactation, followed by grouping and introduction of a boar and weaning of piglets after 8 wk. Five groups with four sows ((Danish Yorkshire x Danish Landrace) x Danish Duroc) in each were observed, and rank was determined by a food competition test. All sows showed lactational estrus, and 84% of these sows showed estrus within 1 wk, on average 43.5 d and 7.3 d after farrowing and boar introduction, respectively. The number of days from boar introduction to estrus increased significantly with increasing feed competition rank (the lowest number being the top rank position). Eighty-four percent of all sows were diagnosed pregnant 5 wk after estrus. Behavioral observations revealed that the average total number of copulations per estrus sow was 2.3 with a range of 0 to 5 copulations. The findings of the current study indicate that it is possible to combine lactational estrus and batch farrowing procedures to increase the number of weaned piglets per year per sow in organic piglet production based on 8 wk of lactation or more.
Department of Agroecology and Environment, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark. AnneG.Kongsted@agrsci.dk
A G
AG
Kongsted
J E
JE
Hermansen
D000821:Animal Feed; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling / Q000502:physiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D004526:Efficiency; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D058870:Food, Organic; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008098:Litter Size; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014886:Weaning