Prolonged peritoneal gene expression using a helper-dependent adenovirus.
BACKGROUND
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare complication of peritoneal dialysis. The causes of EPS are not well defined and are likely multifactorial. A suitable animal model would facilitate research into the pathophysiology and treatment of EPS.


METHODS
We developed a helper-dependent adenovirus that expresses both green fluorescent protein (GFP) and active transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta1; HDAdTGF-beta1). Mice were administered HDAdTGF-beta1 via intraperitoneal injection and the response was compared with mice administered either first-generation adenovirus expressing TGF-beta1 (AdTGF-beta1) or control adenovirus (AdGFP).


RESULTS
HDAdTGF-beta1-treated mice continued to express the GFP reporter transgene to day 74, the end of the observation period. Transgene expression lasted less than 28 days in the animals treated with first-generation adenoviruses. Animals treated with first-generation AdTGF-beta1 demonstrated submesothelial thickening and angiogenesis at day 7, with almost complete resolution by day 28. The HDAdTGF-beta1-treated mice demonstrated progressive peritoneal fibrosis with adhesion formation and encapsulation of bowels. Weight gain was significantly reduced in animals treated with HDAdTGF-beta1 compared to both the control-treated animals and the AdTGF-beta1-treated animals. Inflammation was not a major component of the fibroproliferative response.


CONCLUSIONS
Peritoneal administration of a first-generation AdTGF-beta1 leads to transient gene expression, resulting in a resolving fibrotic response and histology similar to that seen in simple peritoneal sclerosis. Prolonged TGF-beta1 expression induced by the helper-dependent HDAdTGF-beta1 led to changes in peritoneal morphology resembling EPS. This suggests that TGF-beta1 may be a contributing factor in both simple peritoneal sclerosis and EPS. This model will be useful for elucidation of the mechanism of EPS and evaluation of potential treatment.
Liu
Limin
L
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Shi
Chang-Xin
CX
Ghayur
Ayesha
A
Zhang
Claire
C
Su
Je Yen
JY
Hoff
Catherine M
CM
Margetts
Peter J
PJ
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006378:Helper Viruses / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D056627:Peritoneal Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics*
D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins