Usefulness of hexamethylenetetramine as an adjuvant to radiation and cisplatin in the treatment of solid tumors: its independency of p53 status.
The usefulness of hexamethylenetetramine as an adjuvant to radiation and cisplatin in the treatment of solid tumors and its dependency on the p53 status of tumor cells were examined. Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells transfected with mutant TP53 (SAS/mp53), or with neo vector as a control (SAS/neo), were inoculated subcutaneously into both the hind legs of Balb/cA nude mice. The tumor-bearing mice received 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) continuously to label all proliferating (P) cells in the tumors. Then, they received hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), intraperitoneally or continuously, combined with or without gamma-ray irradiation or cisplatin treatment. Immediately after treatment following HMTA, the response of quiescent (Q) cells was assessed in terms of the micronucleus frequency using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. The response of the total (= P + Q) tumor cells was determined from the BrdU non-treated tumors. A higher toxicity of HMTA to Q cells than total cells, especially in SAS/neo, was made less clear by continuous administration. There was no apparent difference in the radio- and cisplatin-sensitivity enhancing effects by HMTA combination between SAS/neo and SAS/mp53 tumors, with a slightly greater effect in SAS/mp53. In both SAS/neo and SAS/mp53 tumors, continuous HMTA administration produced higher radio- and cisplatin-sensitivity enhancing effects than intraperitoneal single administration. Therefore, the use of HMTA as an adjuvant to radiation or cisplatin might be promising in curing solid tumors with large fraction of hypoxic cells and also with frequent loss-of-function in p53.
Masunaga
Shin-ichiro
S
Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka, Japan. smasuna@rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Tano
Keizo
K
Nakamura
Jun
J
Watanabe
Masami
M
Kashino
Genro
G
Takahashi
Akihisa
A
Tanaka
Hiroki
H
Suzuki
Minoru
M
Ohnishi
Ken
K
Kinashi
Yuko
Y
Liu
Yong
Y
Ohnishi
Takeo
T
Ono
Koji
K
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008709:Methenamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D008709:Methenamine; D002945:Cisplatin