Anti-inflammatory effects of intravenously administered lidocaine hydrochloride on ischemia-injured jejunum in horses.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate effects of lidocaine hydrochloride administered IV on mucosal inflammation in ischemia-injured jejunum of horses treated with flunixin meglumine.


METHODS
24 horses.


METHODS
Horses received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS; 1 mL/50 kg, IV [1 dose]), flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg, IV, q 12 h), lidocaine (bolus [1.3 mg/kg] and constant rate infusion [0.05 mg/kg/min], IV, during and after recovery from surgery), or both flunixin and lidocaine (n = 6/group). During surgery, blood flow was occluded for 2 hours in 2 sections of jejunum in each horse. Uninjured and ischemia-injured jejunal specimens were collected after the ischemic period and after euthanasia 18 hours later for histologic assessment and determination of cyclooxygenase (COX) expression (via western blot procedures). Plasma samples collected prior to (baseline) and 8 hours after the ischemic period were analyzed for prostanoid concentrations.


RESULTS
Immediately after the ischemic period, COX-2 expression in horses treated with lidocaine alone was significantly less than expression in horses treated with SS or flunixin alone. Eighteen hours after the ischemic period, mucosal neutrophil counts in horses treated with flunixin alone were significantly higher than counts in other treatment groups. Compared with baseline plasma concentrations, postischemia prostaglandin E(2) metabolite and thromboxane B(2) concentrations increased in horses treated with SS and in horses treated with SS or lidocaine alone, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
In horses with ischemia-injured jejunum, lidocaine administered IV reduced plasma prostaglandin E(2) metabolite concentration and mucosal COX-2 expression. Coadministration of lidocaine with flunixin ameliorated the flunixin-induced increase in mucosal neutrophil counts.
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. vcook@cvm.msu.edu
Vanessa L
VL
Cook
Jennifer
J
Jones Shults
Marsha R
MR
McDowell
Nigel B
NB
Campbell
Jennifer L
JL
Davis
John F
JF
Marshall
Anthony T
AT
Blikslager
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D003002:Clonixin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006736:Horses; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; C014558:flunixin meglumine; D008012:Lidocaine; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D003002:Clonixin