Biological activities of guanidine compounds.
BACKGROUND
The guanidine group defines chemical and physicochemical properties of many compounds of medical interest and guanidine-containing derivatives constitute a very important class of therapeutic agents suitable for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases.


OBJECTIVE
To review the most important pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses of simple guanidine derivatives, cyclic analogues of guanidines as well as peptides, peptidomimetics and peptoids incorporating arginine.


METHODS
The review presents both the recent patent literature and original papers dealing with guanidine derivatives that show interesting biological activity and emphasizes the newest developing drugs.


CONCLUSIONS
Recent achievements in the synthesis of guanidine-containing molecules with diverse chemical, biochemical and pharmacological properties make them of great importance to the design and development of novel drugs acting at CNS, anti-inflammatory agents, inhibitors of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger, inhibitors of NO synthase, antithrombotic, antidiabetic and chemotherapeutic agents as well as guanidinium-based transporters and vectors.
Saczewski
Franciszek
F
Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, Gdansk, Poland. saczew@amg.gda.pl
Balewski
Łukasz
Ł
D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006146:Guanidines; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase