New therapeutic horizons: mapping the future of glycemic control with incretin-based therapy.
More than 24 million adults and children in the United States are living with diabetes, and the vast majority of those individuals have type 2 diabetes. The clinical benefits of good glycemic control have been well established. Most patients eventually require the use of multiple hyperglycemic drugs in combination to approach or achieve the American Diabetes Association's recommended target A1C value of 7%. The role of incretin-based therapies for both glycemic control and beta-cell protection has become an area of intense interest and development. Although current practice guidelines do not include specific recommendations about when and how to incorporate incretin-based agents, a consensus statement published by the American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes suggests the addition of a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist for patients not at goal A1C with metformin and lifestyle changes. The goal of this article is to review this class of agents, discuss their role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and address the practical aspects of integrating incretin-based agents into the management of patients with diabetes.



Currently, 3 incretin-based therapies are available and widely used in clinical practice. Several more agents are either under review by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or are in the very late stages of development. For diabetes educators trying to help their patients understand the differences among their antidiabetic medications, a comprehensive understanding of these agents and their role in therapy is imperative.
Campbell
R Keith
RK
Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Pullman, Washington, USA
Miller
Sara
S
Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Pullman, Washington, USA
D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054795:Incretins / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
D004151:Dipeptides; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D010880:Piperidines; D014498:Uracil; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; C502994:saxagliptin; C520853:alogliptin; D000218:Adamantane