Nephrolithiasis: treatment, causes, and prevention.
Factors that promote stone formation include low daily urine volumes; saturation of the urine with calcium, oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, or cystine; acidic urine; and bacterial infection. The author identifies the mechanisms of stone formation and outlines management aimed at preventing recurrences.
Hall
Phillip M
PM
Department of Nephrology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. hallp@ccf.org
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053565:Hypercalciuria / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000150:complications; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
D014527:Uric Acid; D002118:Calcium