Purification, crystal structure and antimicrobial activity of phenazine-1-carboxamide produced by a growth-promoting biocontrol bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MML2212.
OBJECTIVE
To purify and characterize an antimicrobial compound produced by a biocontrol bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MML2212, and evaluate its activity against rice pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.


RESULTS
Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MML2212 isolated from the rice rhizosphere with wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity was cultured in Kings'B broth using a fermentor for 36 h. The extracellular metabolites were isolated from the fermented broth using ethyl acetate extraction and purified by two-step silica-gel column chromatography. Three fractions were separated, of which a major compound was obtained in pure state as yellow needles. It was crystallized after dissolving with chloroform followed by slow evaporation. It is odourless with a melting point of 220-222 degrees C. It was soluble in most of the organic solvents and poorly soluble in water. The molecular mass of purified compound was estimated as 223.3 by mass spectral analysis. Further, it was characterized by IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectral analyses. The crystal structure of the compound was elucidated for the first time by X-ray diffraction study and deposited in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (http://www.ccde.com.ac.uk) with the accession no. CCDC 617344.


CONCLUSIONS
The crystal compound was undoubtedly identified as phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) with the empirical formula of C(13)H(9)N(3)O.


CONCLUSIONS
As this is the first report on the crystal structure of PCN, it provides additional information to the structural chemistry. Furthermore, the present study reports the antimicrobial activity of purified PCN on major rice pathogens, R. solani and X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Therefore, the PCN can be developed as an ideal agrochemical candidate for the control of both sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight diseases of rice.
Shanmugaiah
V
V
Biocontrol and Microbial Metabolites Lab, Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India.
Mathivanan
N
N
Varghese
B
B
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000898:Antibiosis; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005285:Fermentation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology*; D010619:Phenazines / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000737:chemistry*; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000187:drug effects; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000187:drug effects
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010619:Phenazines; C420923:phenazine-1-carboxamide