Education effect on depression and quality of life in nondemented Parkinson's disease patients.
A comparison of nondemented Parkinson's disease patients with lower, intermediate, and higher educational levels indicated an independent association between longer (better) education and less severe depressive difficulties based on the Beck Depression Inventory cognitive-affective items. Well-educated patients also had a better health-related quality of life based on the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39, apparently due to beneficial effects of education on cognitive performance (attention/memory, visuospatial and executive functions) and the degree of depression. More years of education favors milder depressive difficulties and a higher self-perceived life satisfaction in nondemented Parkinson's disease patients.
Department of Neurology, University Clinical Hospital Center, Kipatieva 12, Zagreb University School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Natasa
N
Klepac
Vladimir
V
Trkulja
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003071:Cognition; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires