Lethal poisoning with ethiofencarb and ethanol.
Ethiofencarb is one of the carbamate compounds, which are, in general, less toxic than organophosphorus insecticides. This is due to their reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibition and relative inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Generally, ethiofencarb is regarded to be of low toxicity (LD(50) > 200 mg/kg); however, severe poisoning and death are not uncommon. To our knowledge, no measurements of ethiofencarb and its metabolites in human postmortem whole blood have been published. We present here a case report of fatal ethiofencarb intoxication with quantitative analysis of ethiofencarb and its metabolites in ante- and postmortem blood. In addition, postmortem urine was collected and analyzed. A 56-year-old man, who worked as a gardener, was found in poor condition, sitting in his car seat. He had been vomiting. The man was admitted to the local hospital about 1 h later. At admission, he was conscious, but unable to speak clearly. His condition deteriorated, and he developed severe pulmonary edema. Resuscitation with atropine and adrenaline were attempted, but he died approximately 3 h after admission. The analysis of postmortem peripheral blood revealed 0.12 g/100 mL ethanol, 26.4 mg/L ethiofencarb, 37.9 mg/L ethiofencarbsulfoxide, and 0.9 mg/L ethiofencarbsulfone. Ethanol (0.26 g/100 mL), ethiofencarb, ethiofencarbsulfoxide, and ethiofencarbsulfone were also detected in urine.
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Toxicology and Drug Abuse, Oslo, Norway. Muhammad.Al-Samarraie@fhi.no
Muhammad S J
MS
Al-Samarraie
Ritva
R
Karinen
Torleiv
T
Rognum
Inger
I
Hasvold
Mimi
M
Opdal Stokke
Asbjørg S
AS
Christophersen
D001344:Autopsy; D001711:Biotransformation; D002138:Calibration; D002219:Carbamates / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000506:poisoning*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000431:Ethanol / Q000506:poisoning*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D012015:Reference Standards; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
D002219:Carbamates; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D007306:Insecticides; D000431:Ethanol; C011735:croneton