[Immunohistochemical algorithms in prostate diagnostics: what's new?].
Immunohistochemistry has become an indispensible tool in biopsy diagnostics of prostate tissues. In particular the use of basal cell markers can be useful to differentiate benign and malignant lesions as a lack of basal cells is considered a hallmark of malignancy. Basal cell cytokeratins and p63 have therefore a long standing place in the diagnostic portfolio of most genito-urinary pathologists. However, to complement the use of these negative markers by additional positive immunohistochemistry markers of malignancy would be desirable to further increase diagnostic accuracy. The most widely used positive marker is alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), which is strongly upregulated in prostate cancer and which can even be combined with p63 in a single immunostaining. This article briefly and critically reviews current diagnostic prostate cancer biomarkers and also suggests golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) as additional diagnostic markers.
Kristiansen
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Department Pathologie, Institut für klinische Pathologie, Universitätsspital Zürich (USZ), Schmelzbergstr 12, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz. glen.kristiansen@usz.ch
D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D054890:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D053555:Keratin-5 / Q000032:analysis; D053553:Keratin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D019998:Racemases and Epimerases / Q000032:analysis
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C121278:CK-34 beta E12; C081876:CKAP4 protein, human; C410824:GOLM1 protein, human; D053555:Keratin-5; D053553:Keratin-6; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D007633:Keratins; C518729:FASN protein, human; D054890:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I; D019998:Racemases and Epimerases; C108352:alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase