Accuracy of spirometry in diagnosing pulmonary restriction in elderly people.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the accuracy of a diagnosis of pulmonary restriction made using forced vital capacity (FVC) less than the lower limit of normal (LLN) with the criterion standard diagnosis made using total lung capacity (TLC) less than the LLN in an elderly population.


METHODS
Retrospective analysis.


METHODS
A teaching hospital.


METHODS
Five hundred sixty-four ambulatory and acute care hospital patients aged 65 to 96 underwent complete pulmonary function evaluation.


METHODS
Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of diagnosis of pulmonary restriction defined as FVC less than the LLN were calculated in the overall sample and after stratification according to bronchial obstruction. Expected PPV and NPV at different background prevalence of true pulmonary restriction (5% and 15%) were calculated using the Bayes theorem.


RESULTS
Low sensitivity (0.32) and high specificity (0.95) were found, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.89. In participants without bronchial obstruction, specificity was even higher, although sensitivity decreased to 0.28 (AUC=0.92). The PPV was good (0.81), whereas with a low to moderate a priori probability (prevalence from 5% to 15%) the NPV was fair (> or =0.89).


CONCLUSIONS
A reduction in FVC below LLN cannot reliably identify true pulmonary restriction in elderly people, confirming previous findings in the adult population. Normal FVC, instead, can effectively exclude pulmonary restriction regardless of the presence of bronchial obstruction when the a priori probability is low or moderately high.
Scarlata
Simone
S
Department of Geriatrics, Centro per la Salute dell'Anziano, Università Campus Biomedico, Roma, Italy.
Pedone
Claudio
C
Conte
Maria Elisabetta
ME
Incalzi
Raffaele Antonelli
RA
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D005652:Functional Residual Capacity; D006801:Humans; D007040:Hypoventilation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013147:Spirometry / Q000592:standards*; D014109:Total Lung Capacity; D014797:Vital Capacity