Type 2 diabetes: where we are today: an overview of disease burden, current treatments, and treatment strategies.
OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of the disease burden and current strategies in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.


METHODS
Medline search of all relevant clinical and review articles.


METHODS
By the author.


METHODS
By the author.


RESULTS
The prevalence of diabetes in the United States has reached epidemic proportions with the total diagnosed and undiagnosed cases among people aged 20 years or older estimated at 12.9%, and it continues to rise at an alarming rate. This upsurge has been paralleled by an increase in rates of obesity. Type 2 diabetes accounts for up to 95% of diabetes cases and is often comorbid with hypertension and dyslipidemia.


CONCLUSIONS
Tight glycemic control is necessary for the management of type 2 diabetes, but progressive deterioration of beta-cell function can lead to a loss of glycemic control. Oral antidiabetes drugs and insulin are effective but do not always correct the associated metabolic and glucoregulatory dysfunctions, and hypoglycemia and weight gain are common adverse effects of these agents. A clear need exists for aggressive therapeutic options-particularly incretin-based agents-that can be combined with existing agents to preserve beta-cell function and halt the progression of type 2 diabetes.
Campbell
R Keith
RK
Dept. of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6510, USA. rkcamp@wsu.edu
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D015897:Comorbidity; D017281:Cost of Illness; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015995:Prevalence; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000819:agonists; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D001786:Blood Glucose; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C042807:DPP4 protein, human