Analyses of paralytic shellfish toxins and biomarkers in a southern Brazilian reservoir.
The Alagados Reservoir (Brazil) is an important source for the supply of water, recreation and fishery. Since 2002, the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms (paralytic shellfish toxins - PST producers) have been noted. This study was aimed at the monitoring of PST occurrence in the Reservoir's water and fish. Biomarkers such as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities, lipoperoxidation (LPO), histopathology, and comet assay were analyzed in fish. Water and fish were sampled in spring, summer and autumn. The PST concentrations in water were 5.15, 43.84, and 50.78 ng equiv Saxitoxin/L in the spring, summer and autumn, respectively. The PST muscle concentration was below the limit for shellfish. Gonyautoxins (GTX) were found in water samples and fish muscle, and GTX 5 was the major analogous found in muscle. In the summer samples, the LPO, genetic damage, and the GST and AchE activities increased while in the autumn an increase in EROD activity and genetic damage were observed. In all samplings, histopathological alterations in the fish gills and liver were found. The results showed a seasonal variation in the fishes health, which could be related also to farming activities and to the contaminants bioavailability during the year.
Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas CEP 81531-990, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil.
Zaira
Z
Clemente
Raquel H
RH
Busato
Ciro A
CA
Oliveira Ribeiro
Marta M
MM
Cestari
Wanessa A
WA
Ramsdorf
Valéria F
VF
Magalhães
Ana C
AC
Wosiack
Helena C
HC
Silva de Assis
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001938:Brazil; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005068:Eutrophication; D005880:Gills / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010473:Perciformes / Q000502:physiology*; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
D015415:Biomarkers; D008387:Marine Toxins; D002374:Catalase; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase