Eluted substances from unpolymerized and polymerized dental restorative materials and their Nernst partition coefficient.
OBJECTIVE
Components released from resin-based dental materials are important factors in the assessment of the biocompatibility of these materials. The study was performed to investigate the elution of substances from unpolymerized and polymerized composites (Tetric=TET; Arabesk=ARA), ormoceres (Admira)=ADM; Definite=DEF) and the compomere (Hytac=HYT).


METHODS
Specimens were polymerized and immersed in either water or methanol. Besides the unpolymerized specimens were dissolved in methanol. Eluted substances were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The Nernst partition coefficient (DC) of 64 substances, eluted from various resin-based dental materials was determined.


RESULTS
Only in methanolic and aqueous eluates from unpolymerized and polymerized specimens of DEF and ADM, the comonomere 1,2/1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate was measured. Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate was eluted into the aqueous and methanolic phase from polymerized specimens from TET and ARA. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate was eluted into the methanolic phase from polymerized specimen from TET and HYT. Residuals of monomer synthesis like triphenyl stibane were found in unpolymerized specimens of TET and ARA. Camphorquinone was eluted into the methanolic eluate from polymerized and unpolymerized specimens from all tested dental materials. Highest DC of 20.8 was found for 1/2-cyclohexene methacrylate. DC of urethane dimethacrylate and bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate varies from different manufacturers.


CONCLUSIONS
Impurities from manufacturing process were found in some resin-based materials. Various well-known substances causing allergic reactions were found in aqueous or methanolic elutes. Patients, dental and manufacturing personnel are exposed to these substances.
Durner
Jürgen
J
Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. juergen.durner@med.uni-muenchen.de
Spahl
Werner
W
Zaspel
Johannes
J
Schweikl
Helmut
H
Hickel
Reinhard
R
Reichl
Franx-Xaver
FX
D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D063225:Organically Modified Ceramics; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
C425826:Arabesk; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D053138:Cyclohexenes; C421785:Definite composite resin; D003764:Dental Materials; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D005989:Glycerides; D008689:Methacrylates; D063225:Organically Modified Ceramics; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012821:Silanes; D012833:Siloxanes; D012997:Solvents; D013267:Stilbenes; D013729:Terpenes; C090969:Tetric; C479084:admira; C105429:hytac; D014867:Water; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; C052568:cyclohexene; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C048339:camphoroquinone; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; D000432:Methanol