Mental health context of food insecurity: a representative cohort of families with young children.
OBJECTIVE
Children from food-insecure families (ie, families that lack access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food) are at risk for developmental problems. Food insecurity disproportionately occurs among low-socioeconomic status (SES) and low-income families; however, interventions that supplement families' income or diet have not eradicated food insecurity. This may be because food insecurity is also related to nonfinancial factors such as the presence of maternal mental health problems. To clarify whether addressing mothers' mental health problems may be a promising strategy for reducing the burden of food insecurity, we tested the hypothesis that low-SES families are especially vulnerable to food insecurity when the mother experiences depression, alcohol or drug abuse, psychosis spectrum disorder, or domestic violence.


METHODS
We used data from a nationally representative cohort of 1116 British families (the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Study). Food insecurity, family SES, maternal mental health and exposure to domestic violence, and children's behavioral outcomes were measured by using validated methods.


RESULTS
Overall, 9.7% of study families were food-insecure. Among low-SES families, controlling for income variation, food insecurity co-occurred with maternal depression (odds ratio [OR]: 2.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-4.93]), psychosis spectrum disorder (OR: 4.01 [95% CI: 2.03-7.94]), and domestic violence (OR: 2.36 [95% CI: 1.18-4.73]). In addition, food insecurity predicted elevated rates of children's behavior problems.


CONCLUSIONS
Among families with young children, food insecurity is frequent, particularly when the mother experiences mental health problems. This suggests that interventions that improve women's mental health may also contribute to decreasing the burden of food insecurity and its impact on the next generation.
Melchior
Maria
M
INSERM, U687, and Université Paris XI, IFR69, Villejuif, France. maria.melchior@inserm.fr
Caspi
Avshalom
A
Howard
Louise M
LM
Ambler
Antony P
AP
Bolton
Heather
H
Mountain
Nicky
N
Moffitt
Terrie E
TE
D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017579:Domestic Violence; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D006113:United Kingdom