Dietary vitamin D and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the multiethnic cohort.
The present study explored the association between dietary vitamin D and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) risk. The multiethnic cohort (MEC) includes more than 215 000 Caucasians, African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans and Latinos, aged 45-75. After 10 years of follow-up, 939 incident NHL cases were identified. Risk was estimated using proportional hazards' models adjusted for possible confounders. Vitamin D intake was not associated with NHL risk in the entire cohort (P(trend) = 0.72 for men and P(trend) = 0.83 for women), but significantly lowered disease risk in African American women (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.50, 95 % CI: 0.28, 0.90, P(trend) = 0.03) and was borderline protective in African American men (HR = 0.68; 95 % CI: 0.39, 1.19; P(trend) = 0.31) when the highest to the lowest tertile was compared. In NHL subtype analyses, a 19, 36 and 32 % lowered risk, although not significant, was observed for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia in women, respectively. High dietary intake of vitamin D did not show a protective effect against NHL within the MEC except among African Americans, possibly because vitamin D production due to sun exposure is limited in this population.
Erber
Eva
E
Cancer Research Center of Hawai'i, University of Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. eerber@crch.hawaii.edu
Maskarinec
Gertraud
G
Lim
Unhee
U
Kolonel
Laurence N
LN
D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology
D014807:Vitamin D