The associations between blood levels of homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and retinal vascular caliber.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the association of total serum levels of homocysteine (tHcy), folate, and vitamin B12 with retinal vascular caliber in older adults.


METHODS
Cross-sectional, population-based study.


METHODS
One thousand seven hundred and seventy-two of 2334 Blue Mountains Eye Study participants examined had fundus photographs taken and retinal arteriolar and venular caliber measured using computer-assisted techniques and summarized. Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels and tHcy were determined from venous blood samples. Linear regression models adjusting for age, gender, mean arterial blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes were used to assess whether serum levels of tHcy, folate, and vitamin B12 were associated with retinal arteriolar and venular caliber.


RESULTS
Arteriolar and venular caliber was not associated with tHcy in the total population. Further analysis demonstrated a significant serum homocysteine-gender interaction (P = .04). A significant inverse association between tHcy and arteriolar caliber was found in men only (P = .03), with a threshold detected at a level of 17 micromol/l. Above this threshold, increasing tHcy was linearly associated with narrower arteriolar caliber (0.86 microm reduction per 1.0 micromol/l increase in tHcy) in men, but no significant association was found below this threshold. No significant associations were observed between serum folate or vitamin B12 levels and either retinal vessel caliber.


CONCLUSIONS
Retinal vascular caliber is associated with tHcy in men but not women. This finding may reflect the stronger association between blood pressure and tHcy in men than in women.
Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Bamini
B
Gopinath
Jie Jin
JJ
Wang
Victoria M
VM
Flood
George
G
Burlutsky
Tien Y
TY
Wong
Paul
P
Mitchell
D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001160:Arterioles / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010781:Photography; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012169:Retinal Vein / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014699:Venules / Q000503:physiopathology; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*
D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12