Rationale and study design of a cross sectional study documenting the prevalence of Heart Failure amongst the minority ethnic communities in the UK: the E-ECHOES Study (Ethnic--Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening Study).
BACKGROUND
Heart failure is an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Studies to date have not established the prevalence heart failure amongst the minority ethnic community in the UK. T'he aim of the E-ECHOES (Ethnic--Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening Study)is to establish, for the first time, the community prevalence and severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and heart failure amongst the South Asian and Black African-Caribbean ethnic groups in the UK.


METHODS
This is a community based cross-sectional population survey of a sample of South Asian (i.e. those originating from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) and Black African-Caribbean male and female subjects aged 45 years and over. Data collection undertaken using a standardised protocol comprising a questionnaire incorporating targeted clinical history taking, physical examination, and investigations with resting electrocardiography and echocardiography; and blood sampling with consent. This is the largest study on heart failure amongst these ethnic groups. Full data collection started in September 2006 and will be completed by August 2009.


CONCLUSIONS
The E-ECHOES study will enable the planning and delivery of clinically and cost-effective treatment of this common and debilitating condition within these communities. In addition it will increase knowledge of the aetiology and management of heart failure within minority ethnic communities.
Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. p.s.gill@bham.ac.uk
Paramjit S
PS
Gill
Russell
R
Davis
Michael
M
Davies
Nick
N
Freemantle
Gregory Yh
GY
Lip
D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000208:ethnology; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010154:Pakistan / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012107:Research Design; D018401:Sample Size; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data