Effects of tongue position on mandibular muscle activity and heart rate function.
OBJECTIVE
A primary goal of pain management for muscle-related pain is to reduce masticatory muscle activity. This study aimed to investigate masticatory muscle group activity and heart rate variability change when the tongue was placed on the palate or the floor of the mouth in a healthy pain-free sample.


METHODS
Participants were 23 females and 18 males with a mean age of 19.6 years (standard deviation = 1.5). Muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography and heart period were measured using electrocardiography. The experimental protocol consisted of 3 periods: baseline, tongue placement on the floor of mouth, and tongue placement on palate.


RESULTS
Results indicated significantly more activity in the temporalis and suprahyoid muscle regions as well as a significant reduction in heart rate variability when the tongue was positioned on the palate compared with tongue position on the floor of the mouth.


CONCLUSIONS
Instructions to place the tongue on the roof of the mouth are not instructions that will promote reduced physiological functioning (i.e., relaxation) but rather promote small, but potentially important increases in overall activity as indexed by muscle tone and cardiac function.
Schmidt
John E
JE
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA. Schmidt.john1@mayo.edu
Carlson
Charles R
CR
Usery
Andrew R
AR
Quevedo
Alexandre S
AS
D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004576:Electromyography; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012063:Relaxation / Q000502:physiology*; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult