Interactions among peripheral perfusion, cardiac activity, oxygen saturation, thermal profile and body position in growing low birth weight infants.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the correlation between the 'perfusion index' (PI) and other commonly used estimates of cutaneous blood flow [heart rate (HR), surface temperatures (ST) and central-to-peripheral thermal gradients (C-P grad)] and to use this new non-invasive tool to compare differences between prone and supine sleep position in low birth weight (LBW) infants.


METHODS
Six-hour continuous recordings of pulse oximetry, cardiac activity and absolute ST from three sites (flank, forearm and leg), along with minute-to-minute assessment of behavioural states were performed in 31 LBW infants. Infants were randomly assigned to the prone or supine position for the first 3 h and then reversed for the second 3 h. PI data were correlated with HR and C-P grad, and compared across sleep positions during quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS).


RESULTS
Perfusion index correlated significantly with HR (r(2) = 0.40) and flank-to-forearm thermal gradient (r(2) = 0.28). In the prone position during QS, infants exhibited higher PI (3.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.7), HR (158.4 +/- 8.9 vs. 154.1 +/- 8.8 bpm), SpO(2) (95.8 +/- 2.6 vs. 95.2 +/- 2.6%), flank (36.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 36.5 +/- 0.4 degrees C), forearm (36.1 +/- 0.6 vs. 35.5 +/- 0.4 degrees C) and leg (35.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 34.7 +/- 0.7 degrees C) temperatures and narrower flank-to-forearm (0.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.3 degrees C) and flank-to-leg (1.3 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.7 degrees C) gradients, compared to those of the supine position. Similar differences were observed during AS.


CONCLUSIONS
Perfusion index is a good non-invasive estimate of tissue perfusion. Prone sleeping position is associated with a higher PI, possibly reflecting thermoregulatory adjustments in cardiovascular control. The effects of these position-related changes may have important implications for the increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome in prone position.
Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. rs62@columbia.edu
R
R
Sahni
K F
KF
Schulze
K
K
Ohira-Kist
S
S
Kashyap
M M
MM
Myers
W P
WP
Fifer
D001831:Body Temperature; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D010092:Oximetry; D016684:Prone Position / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013398:Sudden Infant Death; D016683:Supine Position / Q000502:physiology*