Do physicians attend to base rates? Prevalence data and statistical discrimination in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease.
OBJECTIVE
To examine whether physicians attend to gender prevalence data in diagnostic decision making for coronary heart disease (CHD) and to test the hypothesis that previously reported gender differences in CHD diagnostic certainty are due to discrimination arising from reliance on prevalence data ("statistical discrimination").


METHODS
A vignette-based experiment of 256 randomly sampled primary care physicians conducted from 2006 to 2007.


METHODS
Factorial experiment. Physicians observed patient presentations of cardinal CHD symptoms, standardized across design factors (gender, race, age, socioeconomic status).


METHODS
Structured interview.


RESULTS
Most physicians perceived the U.S. population CHD prevalence as higher in men (48.4 percent) or similar by gender (44.9 percent). For the observed patient, 52 percent did not change their CHD diagnostic certainty based on patient gender. Forty-eight percent of physicians were inconsistent in their population-level and individual-level CHD assessments. Physicians' assessments of CHD prevalence did not attenuate the observed gender effect in diagnostic certainty for the individual patient.


CONCLUSIONS
Given an adequate presentation of CHD symptoms, physicians may deviate from their prevalence data during diagnostic decision making. Physicians' priors on CHD prevalence did not explain the gender effect in CHD certainty. Future research should examine personal stereotypes as an explanation for gender differences.
New England Research Institutes Inc., 9 Galen Street, Watertown, MA 02453, USA. nmaserejian@neriscience.com
Nancy N
NN
Maserejian
Karen E
KE
Lutfey
John B
JB
McKinlay
D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011287:Prejudice; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014743:Videotape Recording