title: The cytokine gene CXCL14 restricts human trophoblast cell invasion by suppressing gelatinase activity.
abstract: Well-controlled trophoblast invasion into uterine decidua is a critical process for the normal development of placenta, which is tightly regulated by various factors produced within the trophoblast-endometrial microenvironment. CXCL14 is involved in tumor growth and metastasis, and its expression in placenta is temporally regulated during pregnancy. However, the role of CXCL14 in trophoblast function during human pregnancy is not clear. In this study, by using RT-PCR through human pregnancy, we found that CXCL14 was selectively expressed at early but not late pregnancy. Immunostaining revealed that CXCL14 proteins were strongly expressed in villous cytotrophoblasts and moderately in decidualized stromal cells but very weakly in syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts. The effect of CXCL14 on trophoblast invasion were examined by using human villous explants cultured on Matrigel and further proved by invasion and migration assay of primary trophoblast cells and trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo. Our data showed that CXCL14 significantly inhibited outgrowth of villous explant in vitro; this effect is due to suppression of trophoblast invasion and migration through regulating matrix metalloproteinases activities, whereas the trophoblast proliferation was not affected. Moreover, because a receptor for CXCL14 has not been identified, we performed further cell-specific CXCL14 binding activities with regard to different cell types within the maternal-fetal interface. Our data revealed that CXCL14 could specifically bind to trophoblast cells but not decidual cells from the maternal-fetal interface. These results suggest that CXCL14 plays an important role in regulating trophoblast invasion through an autocrine/paracrine manner during early pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: HaiBin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: HongYing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: LiNa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Yujing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: EnKui
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003656:Decidua / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011485:Protein Binding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C118056:CXCL14 protein, human; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D018093:Gelatinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9