title: Functional genomic analysis of two Staphylococcus aureus phages isolated from the dairy environment.
abstract: The genomes of the two lytic mutant Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophages, vB_SauS-phiIPLA35 (phiIPLA35) and vB_SauS-phiIPLA88 (phiIPLA88), isolated from milk have been analyzed. Their genomes are 45,344 bp and 42,526 bp long, respectively, and contain 62 and 61 open reading frames (ORFS). Enzymatic analyses and sequencing revealed that the phiIPLA35 DNA molecule has 3'-protruding cohesive ends (cos) 10 bp long, whereas phiIPLA88 DNA is 4.5% terminally redundant and most likely is packaged by a headful mechanism. N-terminal amino acid sequencing, mass spectrometry, bioinformatic analyses, and functional analyses enabled the assignment of putative functions to 58 gene products, including DNA packaging proteins, morphogenetic proteins, lysis components, and proteins necessary for DNA recombination, modification, and replication. Point mutations in their lysogeny control-associated genes explain their strictly lytic behavior. Muralytic activity associated with other structural components has been detected in virions of both phages. Comparative analysis of phiIPLA35 and phiIPLA88 genome structures shows that they resemble those of phi12 and phi11, respectively, both representatives of large genomic groupings within the S. aureus-infecting phages.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo. 85, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain. pgarcia@ipla.csic.es
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Obeso
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lavigne
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lurz
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001287:Attachment Sites, Microbiological; D001483:Base Sequence; D004261:DNA Replication; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008242:Lysogeny; D008892:Milk / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D013204:Staphylococcus Phages / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins