title: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding toll-like receptor -2, -3, -4, and -9 in case-control study with breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic susceptibility to cancer is multifactorial, and it is known that impairment of the immune system could contribute to risk for getting cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9 genes, which are important for innate immunity, were analyzed for the association with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SNPs comprised TLR2 (c.597T>C), TLR2 (c.1350T>C), TLR3 (c.1377C>T), TLR4 (c.896A>G), and TLR9 (c.1635A>G). The allelic and genotypic frequencies of these TLR SNPs were compared between patients (n = 130) and controls (n = 101) in a case-control study from Croatia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TLR SNPs were not significantly different. From the population genetics viewpoint, we found that a hypomorphic variant of TLR4 (p.Asp299Gly) allele has no specific allelic frequency (8.4%) in the Croatian population (n = 496) compared to other Caucasians (6.5-10%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that polymorphisms in tested TLR genes are not likely to be associated with increased risk for developing breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Godfrey E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Etokebe
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knezević
authors.forename: Branka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petricević
authors.forename: Jasminka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pavelić
authors.forename: Damir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vrbanec
authors.forename: Zlatko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dembić
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000235:genetics; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495344:TLR3 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors