title: New therapeutic approaches in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 2% of all cancers worldwide. For several decades cytokine therapy using either interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon -alpha (IFN-alpha) was the only effective treatment available for patients with metastatic RCC. Metastatic RCC represents a chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-resistant tumor with poor prognosis and 5-year survival rate <10%. Over the past few years considerable advances in the understanding of biology and underlying molecular pathways in RCC have resulted in the development of targeted therapies for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece. igkialas@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Gkialas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D007211:Indoles; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D011758:Pyrroles; D009536:Niacinamide; D000068258:Bevacizumab; C401859:temsirolimus; D000077157:Sorafenib; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C497446:VHL protein, human; D000077210:Sunitinib; D020123:Sirolimus