title: Association of intraocular pressure with the metabolic syndrome and novel cardiometabolic risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the association of intraocular pressure (IOP) with the metabolic syndrome and other emerging cardiometabolic risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1112 participants undergoing a health check-up in a community hospital were recruited. All participants underwent ophthalmological examination including IOP measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher IOP than those without metabolic syndrome (mean IOP+/-SD: 15.07+/-2.74 vs 14.29+/-2.72 mm Hg, P=2x10(-4)). Each additional component of the metabolic syndrome was associated with a mean increase in IOP of 0.33 mm Hg (95% confidence interval: 0.18-0.48, trend P<0.0001). Other insulin resistance-related features, including hepatic steatosis, increased left ventricular mass, and proteinuria, were also associated with IOP (P<0.0001, 0.002, and 0.01, respectively). However, we did not find significant association of plasma apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B1, homocysteine, or highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels with IOP. IOP was also not associated with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis including brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, ankle-brachial index, and vertebral artery flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic syndrome and other insulin resistance-related features, including hepatic steatosis, increased left ventricular mass, and proteinuria, are strongly associated with IOP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liou City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J-W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers