title: Immune responses following mouse peripheral nerve xenotransplantation in rats.
abstract: Xenotransplantation offers a potentially unlimited source for tissues and organs for transplantation, but the strong xenoimmune responses pose a major obstacle to its application in the clinic. In this study, we investigate the rejection of mouse peripheral nerve xenografts in rats. Severe intragraft mononuclear cell infiltration, graft distension, and necrosis were detected in the recipients as early as 2 weeks after mouse nerve xenotransplantation. The number of axons in xenografts reduced progressively and became almost undetectable at week 8. However, mouse nerve xenotransplantation only led to a transient and moderate increase in the production of Th1 cytokines, including IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. The data implicate that cellular immune responses play a critical role in nerve xenograft rejection but that further identification of the major effector cells mediating the rejection is required for developing effective means to prevent peripheral nerve xenograft rejection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Lai-Jin
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jia-Bing
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhi-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Jian-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Xi-Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009336:Necrosis; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma