title: Association of cystatin C with left ventricular structure and function: the Dallas Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cystatin C, a novel marker of renal function, has been associated with heart failure and cardiovascular mortality in older individuals. We tested the hypothesis that cystatin C is associated with preclinical cardiac structural and functional abnormalities in a younger population-based sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included participants in the Dallas Heart Study (ages 30 to 65 years) who had measurements of cystatin C and cardiac MRI. The associations of cystatin C with left ventricular (LV) mass, LV end-systolic and -diastolic volumes, concentricity (LV mass/LV end-diastolic volume), LV wall thickness, and LV ejection fraction were evaluated. Cystatin C levels ranged from 0.46 to 6.55 mg/L. In univariable analyses, increasing levels of cystatin C correlated with higher LV mass, concentricity, and wall thickness (P<0.001), but not with LV end-systolic volume, LV end-diastolic volume, or LV ejection fraction. After adjustment with traditional covariates and estimated glomerular filtration rate by the modification of diet in renal disease formula, log-transformed cystatin C remained independently associated with LV mass (P<0.001), concentricity (P=0.027), and wall thickness (P<0.001). These associations persisted when creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate by the Cockcroft-Gault formula were included in the models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of cystatin C were associated with increased LV mass and a concentric LV hypertrophy phenotype. These findings were independent of potential confounding variables including standard measurements of renal function, supporting the hypothesis that cystatin C may be useful to identify individuals with preclinical structural heart abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9047, USA.
authors.forename: Parag C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Colby R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ayers
authors.forename: Sabina A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peshock
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khera
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Lemos
authors.forename: Jody A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Balko
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Pradeep P A
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Mammen
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Drazner
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Markham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D012737:Sex Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C; D003404:Creatinine