title: Effects of dairy products on intracellular calcium and blood pressure in adults with essential hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consumption of dairy foods has been associated with lower blood pressure in certain populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the effects of dairy foods on blood pressure (BP) and intracellular calcium ((Ca)(i)) and the dependence of BP changes on changes in (Ca)(i).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three stage 1 hypertensive adults were fed the following 3 experimental diets (5 wk each) in a randomized cross-over design study; a dairy-rich, high fruits and vegetables diet (D-FandV; 30% fat, 7% saturated fat (SFA), 3.4 servings/d dairy), a high fruits and vegetables diet (FandV; 30% fat, 7% SFA, 0.4 servings/d dairy), and an average Western diet (control; 36% fat, 15% SFA, 0.4 servings/d dairy). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP, calcium regulatory hormones, and erythrocyte (Ca)(i) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SBP and DBP were significantly reduced by approximately 2 mm Hg following both D-F&V and F&V diets vs. the control (P < 0.05). The D-F&V diet significantly lowered 1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD compared with the F&V and control diets (P < 0.01). Serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and renin activity were unchanged. The D-F&V diet lowered (Ca)(i) vs. the other two diets (P < 0.01), and this change correlated with the fall in DBP (r = 0.52, P < 0.05). Subjects who responded to the D-F&V diet by significantly reducing (Ca)(i) exhibited significantly greater net decreases in DBP on the D-F&V vs. the F&V (-2.8 +/- 1.0 mm Hg) and control diets (-5.4 +/-1.0 mm Hg; diet x group interaction, P < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of dairy foods beneficially affects (Ca)(i), resulting in improved BP in a subgroup defined by (Ca)(i) response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Kirsten F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Hilpert
authors.forename: Sheila G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bagshaw
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fishell
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barnhart
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lefevre
authors.forename: Marlene M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Most
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zemel
authors.forename: Mosuk
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hinderliter
authors.forename: Penny M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kris-Etherton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium