title: Gestational diabetes and offspring body disproportion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been demonstrated that females born large for gestational age (LGA) in weight but not length are at increased risk of being obese at childbearing age. We addressed the question whether women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of giving birth to such infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Birth characteristics of 884,267 infants of non-diabetic mothers and 7817 of mothers with GDM were analysed. LGA was defined as birth weight or birth length >2 standard deviation scores for gestational age. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds ratio (OR) for a woman with GDM to give birth to an LGA infant that was heavy alone was four times increased (OR: 3.71, 95% CI: 3.41-4.04). Furthermore, in the population of mothers giving birth to LGA infants, the proportion heavy alone was 68% in the group of women with GDM compared with 64.4% in the group of non-diabetic women. The risks were independent of gender of the foetus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with GDM have an almost four times higher risk of delivering an LGA infant that is heavy alone. The noted disproportion between weight and length in infants of such mothers may have an impact on the risk of later obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. fredrik.ahlsson@kbh.uu.se
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahlsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tuvemo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haglund
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008423:Maternal Age; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking