title: Validation of the Parkinson's disease sleep scale in Japanese patients: a comparison study using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Polysomnography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Characteristic sleep disturbance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) was evaluated using a subjective questionnaire called the PD sleep scale (PDSS). In this study we sought to examine the relationship between the results from the PDSS with those from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and polysomnography (PSG) in Japanese PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 79 PD patients and 79 age and gender matched controls. The length of morbidity in patients with PD was 8.4+/-8.0 years, and their Hoehn and Yahr grade was 2.9+/-1.0. All subjects completed the PDSS, PSQI, and ESS questionnaires, and we compared the results from patients with PD to controls. We also evaluated the correlation among the PDSS, PSQI, and ESS in patients with PD. Moreover, we performed PSG on 33 of 79 PD patients, and examined the correlation between the PDSS and PSG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PDSS total scores and subscales from patients with PD were significantly lower than those in controls, except for items 3, 8, and 14. PDSS scores had significant internal consistency and significant correlation with PSQI and ESS scores. The total PDSS score also correlated with sleep efficiency as measured by PSG. In subscales of the PDSS, night psychosis was negatively correlated with percentage of REM sleep without atonia on PSG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our comparisons with PSQI, ESS, and PSG, the PDSS appears to be a reliable tool to evaluate the characteristics of sleep disturbances in PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan. mustang@med.tottori-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamawaki
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology