title: Genetics and human malformations.
abstract: Genetics gains more and more importance in all areas of health care including craniofacial surgery and dentistry. This does not mean that every patient will benefit from genetic advances, but for many health problems, we will see progress in explaining disease pathogenesis, establishing diagnosis, guiding therapy, predicting prognosis, and achieving prevention. In this report, we briefly review the roles of the PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, and EDA genes in the causation of congenital tooth agenesis and the promise of molecular genetic research for the improvement of patient care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Health Science Center Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mues
authors.forename: Hitesh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kapadia
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rena N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: D'Souza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060466:Axin Protein; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D053331:Ectodysplasins / Q000235:genetics*; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D051764:PAX9 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C491761:AXIN2 protein, human; D060466:Axin Protein; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C506018:EDA protein, human; D053331:Ectodysplasins; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; C484083:MSX1 protein, human; D051764:PAX9 Transcription Factor; C497323:PAX9 protein, human