title: An Rh1-GFP fusion protein is in the cytoplasmic membrane of a white mutant strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
abstract: The major Rhesus (Rh) protein of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Rh1, is homologous to Rh proteins of humans. It is an integral membrane protein involved in transport of carbon dioxide. To localize a fusion of intact Rh1 to the green fluorescent protein (GFP), we used as host a white (lts1) mutant strain of C. reinhardtii, which is blocked at the first step of carotenoid biosynthesis. The lts1 mutant strain accumulated normal amounts of Rh1 heterotrophically in the dark and Rh1-GFP was at the periphery of the cell co-localized with the cytoplasmic membrane dye FM4-64. Although Rh1 carries a potential chloroplast targeting sequence at its N-terminus, Rh1-GFP was clearly not associated with the chloroplast envelope membrane. Moreover, the N-terminal half of the protein was not imported into chloroplasts in vitro and N-terminal regions of Rh1 did not direct import of the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (SSU). Despite caveats to this interpretation, which we discuss, current evidence indicates that Rh1 is a cytoplasmic membrane protein and that Rh1-GFP is among the first cytoplasmic membrane protein fusions to be obtained in C. reinhardtii. Although lts1 (white) mutant strains cannot be used to localize proteins within sub-compartments of the chloroplast because they lack thylakoid membranes, they should nonetheless be valuable for localizing many GFP fusions in Chlamydomonas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schichnes
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruzin
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Inwood
authors.forename: Sydney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kustu
mesh_terms: D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005453:Fluorescence; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D021381:Protein Transport; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins