title: Excitatory and inhibitory effects of opioid agonists on respiratory motor output produced by isolated brainstems from adult turtles (Trachemys).
abstract: To determine how central opioid receptor activation alters turtle breathing, respiratory-related hypoglossal (XII) motor bursts were recorded from isolated adult turtle brainstems during 60 min bath applications of agonists for delta- (DOR), kappa- (KOR), or nociceptin/orphanin (NOR) receptors. DADLE (DOR agonist) abolished XII burst frequency at 0.3-0.5 microM. DPDPE (DOR agonist) increased frequency by 40-44% at 0.01-0.1 microM and decreased frequency by 88+/-8% at 1.0 microM. U-50488 and U-59693 (KOR agonists) decreased frequency by 65-68% at 100 and 50 microM, respectively. Orphanin (NOR agonist) decreased frequency by 31-51% at 1.0-2.0 microM during the first 30 min period. Orphanin (0.5 and 2.0 microM) increased bursts/episode. Although morphine (10 microM) abolished frequency in nearly all brainstems, subsequent co-application of phenylephrine (alpha(1)-adrenergic agonist, 20-100 microM) with morphine restored activity to 16-78% of baseline frequency. Thus, DOR, KOR, and NOR activation regulates frequency and NOR activation regulates episodicity, while alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor activation reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression in turtles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. johnsons@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Moris
authors.forename: Michelle E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bartman
authors.forename: Liana M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wiegel
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000819:agonists* / Q000502:physiology; D012125:Respiratory Center / Q000187:drug effects*; D014426:Turtles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009294:Narcotics; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D010656:Phenylephrine; D009020:Morphine