title: Development and usability of a behavioural marking system for performance assessment of obstetrical teams.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Teamwork and communication have been identified as root causes of sentinel events involving infant death and injury during delivery. However, despite the emphasis on team training as a way to improve maternal and fetal safety outcomes, valid and reliable markers of obstetrical team performance are not available to assess curricular efficacy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to develop and assess the usability of two obstetrical behavioural marking systems for use with simulation entitled Assessment of Obstetrical Team Performance (AOTP) and Global Assessment of Obstetrical Team Performance (GAOTP).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a previous study, obstetrical teams were videotaped managing simulated emergency obstetrical scenarios. In the current study, 13 reviewers reviewed these videotapes and generated a list of behaviours judged to negatively or positively affect the teams' performances. Qualitative analysis using research team consensus and NVivo generated themes and subthemes. Research team members developed descriptors for poor and excellent team performance for each of the behaviours. Subsequently, the usability of the prototypes was assessed by an additional 14 reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, the reviewers identified 1294 items, which were sorted into 6 themes and 18 subthemes of obstetrical team performance. In terms of usability, the median amount of time that participants spent completing the AOTP was 7.5 min (range 1.5 to 50 min) and 75% thought the time requirement was moderate and manageable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Feedback regarding usability suggests that the AOTP allows for an accurate reflection of raters' assessments of the performance of the team, and as a whole, it is comprehensive, quick and easy to use. Studies are underway to establish the validity and reliability of the AOTP and GAOTP.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada. mtregunno@yorku.ca
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tregunno
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pittini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haley
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking / Q000379:methods; D002170:Canada; D002983:Clinical Competence; D019091:Critical Pathways; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000592:standards*; D016544:Patient Simulation; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014743:Videotape Recording