title: Newly formed cystic lesions for the development of pneumomediastinum in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pneumocystis jirovecii, formerly named Pneumocystis carinii, is one of the most common opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We encountered two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema in HIV-infected patients being treated for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should be aware that cystic lesions and bronchiectasis can develop in spite of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment for P. jirovecii pneumonia. The newly formed bronchiectasis and cyst formation that were noted in follow up high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) but were not visible on HRCT at admission could be risk factors for the development of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema in HIV-patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea. bconfident@hanmail.net
authors.forename: Ju-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dong-Min
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Sung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Seung Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D045363:Pneumocystis carinii; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole