title: Challenges in the evaluation, consent, ethics and history of early clinical trials - Implications of the Tuskegee 'trial' for safer and more ethical clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Board of Governor's Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. lowensteinp@cshs.org
authors.forename: Pedro R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Lowenstein
authors.forename: Elijah D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Lowenstein
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Castro
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000941:ethics* / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000941:ethics*