title: Lymph node harvest in colon cancer: influence of microsatellite instability and proximal tumor location.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  At least 12 harvested lymph nodes are recommended for proper staging of colon cancer. The effect of tumor-related factors associated with lymph node harvest is not well understood as data are lacking. We investigated tumor-related factors in relation to the number of lymph nodes harvested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient and tumor characteristics were investigated in relation to harvested lymph nodes (LN >or= 12), number of metastatic nodes, LN ratio (LNR), and prognosis with univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An LN harvest >or=12 nodes was achieved in 36% of the patients. Having <12 nodes harvested was not associated with increased risk for locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, or decreased survival. Tumor size >5 cm, microsatellite instability (MSI), and proximal tumor location predicted a harvest of LN >or= 12. The highest rate (54%) of LN >or= 12 was found for MSI cancers [odds ratio (OR) 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-6.5; P = 0.011]. Multivariate analysis identified a proximal location as an independent factor of LN >or= 12 (adjusted OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.5-8.2; P = 0.003), with MSI an independent factor in stage II to III colon cancer (adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.0; P = 0.026). To determine the best prognosticator, LNR was the only significant factor in the multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.9 (95% CI 1.1-7.8; P = 0.038) for LNR 0.01-0.17 and an HR of 5.8 (95% CI 2.5-13.1; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proximal tumor location and microsatellite instability are associated with a higher number of lymph nodes harvested, pointing to possible underlying genetic and immunologic mechanisms. The LNR is an independent prognostic variable for colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, POB 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway. ksoreide@mac.com
authors.forename: Kjetil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Søreide
authors.forename: Bjørn Steinar
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Nedrebø
authors.forename: Jon Arne
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Søreide
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slewa
authors.forename: Hartwig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kørner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis