title: Solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) in the early detection of potentially active volatile compounds from organic wastes used for the management of soil-borne pathogens.
abstract: The complex molecular assemblages were analysed in the soil gas phase after applying pine forest wastes (PFW) or sugarbeet vinasses (SBV) for soil-borne crop pests' management. For this purpose, solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography (GC) were used coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The organic wastes were applied either to Calcic Entisol or Haplic Arenosol moistened at field capacity and soil was covered with polyethylene sheet for 28-30 days to retain the volatiles. The PFW-treated soil mainly released volatile terpene hydrocarbons (trans-caryophyllene, beta-myrcene and p-cymene), with alpha-humulene and ethylbenzotriazole prevailing in the untreated soil. After SBV application mainly alkyl compounds and alkylbenzenes were released, whereas cyclohexanone, limonene, butanone, acetic acid, camphor and benzaldehyde occurred in the untreated soil. Compound assemblages also depended on the increasing water saturation in terms of soil depth, with sulphur compounds prevailing in deep horizons. Our results showed that SPME can be directly applied to soils to provide valuable information on volatile products from organic amendments.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De La Fuente
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Díez-Rojo
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piedra Buena
authors.forename: Avelino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Alvarez
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Almendros
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bello
mesh_terms: D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000379:methods; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D028223:Pinus; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D014866:Waste Products; C042686:humulene