title: Multiple cytokine profile in plasma and amniotic fluid in a mouse model of pre-term labor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The rate of pre-term birth in the United States continues to rise despite several interventions. Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines has been implicated in the activation of the cascade of events resulting in pre-term labor. To date, no comprehensive panel of the cytokine profile in PTL has been published.
  
  
  METHODS
  To address cytokine profiles in pre-term labor, levels of 19 plasma and amniotic fluid cytokines were measured using a multiplex immunoassay in an inflammation-induced murine model of pre-term labor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pro-inflammatory mediators, RANTES, KC, IL-6, and IL-12p40 were increased by 3 hr and remained high at 15 hr. Concentrations of KC, IL-6, IL-1beta, and MIP-1alpha were increased in the amniotic fluid at 15 hr. Plasma levels of anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10 and IL-13 at 15 hr were unchanged and decreased respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that stimulation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines occurs very early in the cascade of events and remains increased, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines are either unchanged or decreased until the onset of delivery in an inflammation-induced mouse model of pre-term labor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5178, USA.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rosenberg-Hasson
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hirschberg
authors.forename: Nihar R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: Ashima
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madan
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007249:Inflammation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051379:Mice; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides