title: Ureteroiliac fistula: a case report review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ureteroiliac fistulas are rare but potentially life-threatening. Risk factors to develop a fistula are chronic indwelling ureteral stents, previous pelvic surgery and radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of a patient with intermittent gross hematuria after previous abdominal surgery, radiotherapy and indwelling ureteric stents. After several diagnostic and therapeutic procedures an ureteroiliac fistula could be finally identified and treated by endovascular stenting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteroiliac fistula should be considered in any patient with intermittent gross hematuria and any of the known risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria. michael.mitterberger@i-med.ac.at
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitterberger
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frauscher
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Steppan
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peschel
authors.forename: Germar-Michael
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pinggera