title: Ion channel transcript expression at the rabbit atrioventricular conduction axis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the distribution of gap junctions and ion channels in the atrioventricular node, even though the physiology and pathology of the atrioventricular node is ultimately dependent on them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The abundance of 30 transcripts for markers, gap junctions, ion channels, and Ca(2+)-handling proteins in different regions of the rabbit atrioventricular node (nodal extension and proximal and distal penetrating bundle of His as well as atrial and ventricular muscle) was measured using a novel quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique and in situ hybridization. The expression profile of the nodal extension (slow pathway into penetrating bundle) was similar to that of the sinoatrial node. For example, in the nodal extension, in contrast to the atrial muscle and as expected for a slowly conducting tissue with pacemaker activity, there was no or reduced expression of Cx43, Na(v)1.5, Ca(v)1.2, K(v)1.4, KChIP2, and RYR3 and high expression of Ca(v)1.3 and HCN4. The expression profile of the penetrating bundle was less specialized. In situ hybridization revealed a transitional zone with reduced expression of Cx43, Na(v)1.5, and KChIP2 that may form the fast pathway into the penetrating bundle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the atrioventricular node, the expression of gap junctions and ion channels in the nodal extension (slow pathway) and a transitional zone (putative fast pathway) as well as the penetrating bundle (output pathway) is specialized and heterogeneous and roughly matches the electrophysiology of the different regions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Greener
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Tellez
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dobrzynski
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Gillian M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Billeter
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Boyett
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002036:Bundle of His / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics*; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000502:physiology*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D017630:Connexins; D007473:Ion Channels; D015221:Potassium Channels; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015222:Sodium Channels; D002118:Calcium