title: Effect of electromagnetic field induced by radio frequency waves at 900 to 1800 MHz on bone mineral density of iliac bone wings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Telecommunication has gained a different meaning in daily life with the introduction of the mobile phone system. However, electromagnetic pollution has increased in parallel to this improvement. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of electromagnetic waves emitted from cellular phones operating at a frequency of 900 to 1800 MHz on the bone mineral density of the human iliac bone wings, which are the most common carriage sites for mobile phones.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 150 male volunteer participants were included in this study. The mean age was 31.85 years, and the age range was between 21 and 57 years. The participants were separated into 2 groups based on as follows: iliac side exposed to electromagnetic wave (group 1) and unexposed side (group 2). Of the total number of participants, 122 were carrying their phones on their right iliac wings, whereas 28 were carrying their phones on their left iliac wings. The mean daily carriage duration was 14.7 hours (between 12 and 20 h), and the mean duration for cellular phone use was 6.2 years (between 4 and 9 yr). Mineral bone density was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in the right and the left iliac wings of all the participants. The SPSS 15 software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis. In the comparison of the 2 sides, Student t test was performed and P < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry values measured from group 1 were slightly lower than those from group 2, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). In addition, the mean values of group 1 were not as low as those measured in osteopeny or osteoporosis cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current data may suggest that taking into consideration cellular phone use when iliac bone graft is necessary in clinical practice would constitute an important factor for more favorable outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. ataytolga@gmail.com
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Atay
authors.forename: Besir Andac
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: Nevres Hurriyet
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Aydogan
authors.forename: Metin Lutfi
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Baydar
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Ragip
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000503:physiopathology; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000145:classification; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult