title: Simultaneous characterization of phospho-proteins and cell cycle in activated T cell subsets.
abstract: Multi-colour flow cytometry is the only technological platform that can analyse the highly complex cellular composition of the immune system in parallel and at a single cell resolution. Analysis of the T cell compartment, in particular, requires the simultaneous measurement of multiple markers in order to account for lineage, phenotype and function. Flow cytometry also enables the analysis of intracellular signalling events. By combining the expression of surface markers, intracellular cytokines, phosphorylated versus unphosphorylated kinases, cell proliferation and DNA profile, mechanistic and kinetic information of subset-specific signalling may be obtained: this has not previously been achieved. Here we present a protocol which permits all of these aspects to be explored simultaneously. By comparing basic procedures previously described we were able to optimise different variables, including the choice of antibody/fluorochrome pairs, permeabilisation, fixation and labelling time, to obtain the best DNA staining of different cell types. We applied this method to study subset-specific signalling related to cytokine production and DNA synthesis in T cells responding to specific antigens.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lanuti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuhrmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lachmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marchisio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miscia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D020126:Brefeldin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004261:DNA Replication; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000379:methods*; D007700:Kinetics; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D020126:Brefeldin A; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal