title: Effects of human papillomavirus type 16 E5 deletion mutants on epithelial morphology: functional characterization of each transmembrane domain.
abstract: Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is the cause of cervical cancer. The HPV genome encodes three transforming proteins, E5, E6 and E7. E6 and E7 are the main transforming proteins of HPV, while the role of E5 is still poorly understood. Using three dimensional organotypic raft cultures we show that HaCaT human keratinocytes expressing HPV-16 E5 form a very perturbed epithelium, with simultaneous hyperkeratinization of some cells and defective differentiation of other cells. The basal layer is disturbed and many cells invade the collagen matrix. Many cells among the differentiated layers show characteristics of basal cells: progression through the cell cycle, expression of cytokeratin 14, lack of cytokeratin 1 and production of matrix metalloproteases (MMP). Using deletion mutants which encompass the three hydrophobic domains of E5, we have assigned the ability to promote invasion of the matrix to the first hydrophobic domain, and the capacity to induce MMP9 to the C-terminal four amino acids. We also show that invasion and production of MMP9 can be dissociated, as mutants that are still capable of invasion do not produce MMP9 and vice versa.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathological Sciences, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barbaresi
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cortese
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: G Hossein
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ashrafi
authors.forename: Sheila V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: M Saveria
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Campo
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053547:Keratin-14 / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: D053547:Keratin-14; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; C054859:oncogene protein E5, Human papillomavirus type 16; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins