title: Treating type 2 diabetes: incretin mimetics and enhancers.
abstract: As a consequence of excess abdominal adiposity and genetic predisposition, type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease, often diagnosed after metabolic dysfunction has taken hold of multiple organ systems. Insulin deficiency, insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis resulting from beta-cell dysfunction characterize the disease. Current treatment goals are often unmet due to insufficient treatment modalities. Even when combined, these treatment modalities are frequently limited by safety, tolerability, weight gain, edema and gastrointestinal intolerance. Recently, new therapeutic classes have become available for treatment. This review will examine the new therapeutic classes of incretin mimetics and enhancers in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine E Nori
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Janosz
authors.forename: Kerstyn C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Zalesin
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McCullough
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C042807:DPP4 protein, human