title: Outcome of surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a special reference to postoperative morbidity and mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze short-term surgical outcomes and to validate our strategies, including preoperative management and selection of operative procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surgically treated 146 consecutive patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma with a management strategy consisting of preoperative biliary drainage, portal vein embolization, and selection of operative procedure based on tumor extension and hepatic reserve. Major hepatectomy was conducted in 126 patients, and caudate lobectomy or hilar bile duct resection in 20 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 5-year survival rate was 35.5%, with overall in-hospital mortality and morbidity rates of 3.4 and 44%, respectively. Hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin >5 mg/dL, persisted for >7 postoperative days) and liver abscess were the most frequent complications. Five among 9 patients with liver failure (total bilirubin >10 mg/dL) encountered in-hospital mortality. Four out of 5 mortality patients had suffered circulatory impairment of the remnant liver due to other complications. Multivariate analysis revealed that operative time is a single independent significant predictive factor (odds ratio, 1.005; 95% confidence interval, 1.000-1.010, P = 0.04) for postoperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aggressive resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, performed in accordance with strict management strategy, achieved acceptably low mortality. Prolonged operative time was a risk for morbidity following hepatobiliary resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. satto@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shichinohe
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuchikawa
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome