title: Feruloylated arabinoxylans are oxidatively cross-linked by extracellular maize peroxidase but not by horseradish peroxidase.
abstract: Covalent cross-linking of soluble extracellular arabinoxylans in living maize cultures, which models the cross-linking of wall-bound arabinoxylans, is due to oxidation of feruloyl esters to oligoferuloyl esters and ethers. The oxidizing system responsible could be H2O2/peroxidase, O2/laccase, or reactive oxygen species acting non-enzymically. To distinguish these possibilities, we studied arabinoxylan cross-linking in vivo and in vitro. In living cultures, exogenous, soluble, extracellular, feruloylated [pentosyl-3H]arabinoxylans underwent cross-linking, beginning abruptly 8 d after sub-culture. Cross-linking was suppressed by iodide, an H2O2 scavenger, indicating dependence on endogenous H2O2. However, exogenous H2O2 did not cause precocious cross-linking, despite the constant presence of endogenous peroxidases, suggesting that younger cultures contained natural cross-linking inhibitors. Dialysed culture-filtrates cross-linked [3H]arabinoxylans in vitro only if H2O2 was also added, indicating a peroxidase requirement. This cross-linking was highly ionic-strength-dependent. The peroxidases responsible were heat-labile, although relatively heat-stable peroxidases (assayed on o-dianisidine) were also present. Surprisingly, added horseradish peroxidase, even after heat-denaturation, blocked the arabinoxylan-cross-linking action of maize peroxidases, suggesting that the horseradish protein was a competing substrate for [3H]arabinoxylan coupling. In conclusion, we show for the first time that cross-linking of extracellular arabinoxylan in living maize cultures is an action of apoplastic peroxidases, some of whose unusual properties we report.
authors.affiliation: The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK.
authors.forename: Sally J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Burr
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fry
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014990:Xylans / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003373:Coumaric Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014990:Xylans; C085118:arabinoxylan; C004999:ferulic acid; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D010544:Peroxidases