title: Pediatric pleural effusions: etiological evaluation in 492 patients over 29 years.
abstract: Pediatric pleural effusions present a changing profile over time, both in terms of etiological subgroups and causative microorganisms in parapneumonic effusions. This retrospective study aimed to review pediatric pleural effusions in a large cohort over a 29-year period, with special emphasis on the etiological subgroups and microbiological causes of parapneumonic effusions. The medical records of 492 pediatric patients were reviewed for a comparison of subgroups of pleural effusions and microbiological causes of parapneumonic effusions between three decades. Parapneumonic effusions (381 patients) made up 77.4% of the group. Tuberculous pleurisy decreased, but malignant effusions doubled in number over time. A causative microorganism was identified in 34.6% overall, with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae being the two most common. Relative frequency of S. aureus decreased, whereas pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae were more frequent in recent years.
authors.affiliation: Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: G Eda
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Utine
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ozçelik
authors.forename: Nural
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiper
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doğru
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yalçn
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cobanoğlu
authors.forename: Sevgi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pekcan
authors.forename: Ateş
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.forename: A Bülent
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Cengiz
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceyhan
authors.forename: Gülten
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seçmeer
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Göçmen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013997:Time Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult