title: Gene expression profiling integrated into network modelling reveals heterogeneity in the mechanisms of BRCA1 tumorigenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gene expression profiling has distinguished sporadic breast tumour classes with genetic and clinical differences. Less is known about the molecular classification of familial breast tumours, which are generally considered to be less heterogeneous. Here, we describe molecular signatures that define BRCA1 subclasses depending on the expression of the gene encoding for oestrogen receptor, ESR1.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, we have used the Oncochip v2, a cancer-related cDNA microarray to analyze 14 BRCA1-associated breast tumours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Signatures were found to be molecularly associated with different biological processes and transcriptional regulatory programs. The signature of ESR1-positive tumours was mainly linked to cell proliferation and regulated by ER, whereas the signature of ESR1-negative tumours was mainly linked to the immune response and possibly regulated by transcription factors of the REL/NFkappaB family. These signatures were then verified in an independent series of familial and sporadic breast tumours, which revealed a possible prognostic value for each subclass. Over-expression of immune response genes seems to be a common feature of ER-negative sporadic and familial breast cancer and may be associated with good prognosis. Interestingly, the ESR1-negative tumours were substratified into two groups presenting slight differences in the magnitude of the expression of immune response transcripts and REL/NFkappaB transcription factors, which could be dependent on the type of BRCA1 germline mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reveals the molecular complexity of BRCA1 breast tumours, which are found to display similarities to sporadic tumours, and suggests possible prognostic implications.
authors.affiliation: Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO) and CIBERER, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández-Ramires
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Solé
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Cecco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Llort
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cazorla
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bonifaci
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caldés
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gariboldi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pierotti
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pujana
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benítez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osorio
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B