title: Effects of contrast media on the hepato-pancreato-biliary system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of high osmolarity contrast media (HOCM) and iso-osmolar contrast media (CM) application, with or without pressure, on hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty rats were divided into six equal groups as follows: Group 1: (0.9% NaCl, control), Group 2: (diatrizoate meglumine Na, ionic HOCM, Urographin), Group 3: (iodixanol, iso-osmolar non-ionic CM, Visipaque); each of which was applied without pressure, whereas the animals of the remaining three groups (1p, 2p, 3p) were subjected to the same CM with pressure. We performed a duodenal puncture and introduced a catheter into the ampulla. After the catheterization, 0.2 mL CM or 0.9% NaCl was injected with or without pressure. Blood samples were taken for biochemical evaluations. The histopathological examinations of liver, common bile duct, and pancreas were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the six groups for blood amylase, alanine aminotransferases, aspartate aminotransferases, bilirubin levels (P > 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transaminase levels were higher (P < 0.05) in the Urographin groups (2, 2p) than the Visipaque groups (3, 3p), or control groups (1, 1p). Hepatocyte necrosis, portal area inflammation, and Kupffer's cell hyperplasia were higher (P < 0.05) in the study groups than the control group. However, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between HOCM (2, 2p) and iso-osmolar CM (3, 3p) groups. Bile duct proliferation and regeneration in the Urographin groups (2, 2p) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the Visipaque groups (3, 3p) or the control groups (1, 1p). Although CM caused minor damage to the pancreas, there were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the groups. Application of the CM with pressure did not cause additional damage to the HPB system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iso-osmolar, non-ionic CM could be more reliable than the ionic HOCM, whereas the application of pressure during the CM application had no effect on the HPB system.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey. otopcu@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Topcu
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.forename: Isilay
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nadir
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arici
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyuncu
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aydin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000187:drug effects*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects*; D011312:Pressure; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012307:Risk Factors; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine; C044834:iodixanol