title: Crassostrea virginica grazing on toxic and non-toxic diatoms.
abstract: Despite high abundances of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. over Louisiana oyster beds (Crassostrea virginica; eastern oyster) there have been no documented cases of amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) in the state. Two possible explanations are that oysters do not readily feed on long pointed chains of Pseudo-nitzschia cells or they discriminate against toxic cells while grazing. To test these hypotheses, short-term grazing experiments were conducted with several diatoms, including the domoic acid (DA)-producing Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries (1.31+/-0.057 pg DA cell(-1)) and the non-toxic Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, Thalassiosira weissflogii, and Ditylum brightwellii. Grazing rates on the small centric species T. weissflogii were significantly higher than on the larger and pointier D. brightwellii and either Pseudo-nitzschia species. Grazing on toxic P. multiseries and non-toxic P. delicatissima was not significantly different. Pseudofeces production was higher and feces production was occasionally lower in oysters fed Pseudo-nitzschia spp. than in oysters fed the other two diatoms. Our data demonstrate lower filtration rates of C. virginica on Pseudo-nitzschia spp. relative to the other diatoms tested and comparable filtration on toxic and non-toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. These findings suggest that eastern oysters do not discriminate amongst food types due to DA content.
authors.affiliation: Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, Cocodrie, LA 70344, USA. athessen@mbl.edu
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Thessen
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Soniat
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dortch
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Doucette
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D018533:Biomass; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000502:physiology*; D017377:Diatoms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D009498:Neurotoxins; C012301:domoic acid; D007608:Kainic Acid