title: Ethyl pyruvate enhances intra-resuscitation hemodynamics in prolonged ventricular fibrillation arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As the duration of untreated cardiac arrest increases, the effectiveness of standard therapies declines, and may be more harmful than helpful. We investigated the hemodynamic, metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of Ringer's ethyl pyruvate solution (REPS) versus Ringer's solution (RS) in the acute model of prolonged porcine arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen mixed-breed swine were induced into ventricular fibrillation (VF) and left untreated for 8min. CPR was begun using a mechanical chest compression device at a rate of 100 per minute. At the onset of CPR, animals were randomly assigned to treatment with either 25mL/kg of RS or 25mL/kg of REPS containing 40mg/kg of ethyl pyruvate, infused over 5min in blinded fashion. CPR continued with administration of a drug cocktail at 2min and the first rescue shock was delivered at minute 13 of VF. Animals having ROSC were supported with standardized care for 2h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups had 100% ROSC and 100% 2-h survival. The REPS group exhibited higher median CPP (27.3mmHg) than the control group (16.5mmHg) by 3min of CPR, which continued throughout the duration of CPR (p=0.02). The median time to hypotension following ROSC was 9.64min in the REPS group and 7.25min in controls (p=0.04) and there was a non-significant trend of decreased use of vasopressors for the duration of resuscitation. There was no difference in systemic or cerebral metabolism between groups. There were non-significant trends of decreased IL-6, increased Il-10 and decreased mesenteric bacterial colony growth in those treated with REPS when compared to RS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of REPS with CPR significantly improved intra- and post-resuscitation hemodynamics in this swine model of prolonged cardiac arrest, but did not definitely change the metabolic or inflammatory profile during the acute resuscitation period.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Emergency Medicine, 230 McKee Place, Suite 400, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States. suffolettobp@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Suffoletto
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Salcido
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Logue
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Caprio
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Menegazzi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate; D013552:Swine; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; C439503:Ringer's ethyl pyruvate