title: 6-Shogaol inhibits monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation--an in vivo and in vitro study.
abstract: Gout is a rheumatic disease that is manifestated by an intense inflammation secondary to monosodium urate crystal deposition in joints. In the present study, we assessed the effect of 6-shogaol (isolated active principle from ginger) on monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice; an experimental model for gouty arthritis and compared it with that of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin. Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-alpha were determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice. The levels of beta-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) in vitro. The levels of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory mediator tumour necrosis factor-alpha and paw volume were increased significantly and the activities of anti-oxidant status were in turn decreased in monosodium urate crystal-induced mice, whereas these changes were reverted to near normal levels upon 6-shogaol administration. In vitro, 6-shogaol reduced the level of beta-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes in concentration dependent manner when compared to control cells. The present results clearly indicated that 6-shogaol exerted a strong anti-inflammatory effect and can be regarded as useful tool for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.
authors.affiliation: School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Evan Prince
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Sabina
authors.forename: Mahaboobkhan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rasool
authors.forename: Lazar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: Panneerselvam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ezilrani
authors.forename: Haridas
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Indu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003460:Crystallization; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D002396:Catechols; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014527:Uric Acid; C040115:shogaol; D007213:Indomethacin