title: A quantitative comparison of radiosurgical treatment  parameters in vestibular schwannomas: the Leksell Gamma  Knife Perfexion versus Model 4C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The world's first Gamma Knife Perfexion (PFX)was installed in Marseille in July 2006. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the PFX technology on the quality of dose planning for vestibular schwannomas (VS).
  
  
  METHODS
  When the PFX was first introduced, a comparative randomized prospective study of 200 patients was conducted.Seventy-eight of the 200 patients in that study had VS, of whom 38 were randomized to treatment with the Gamma Knife Model 4C (group 4C) and 40 were randomized to treatment with PFX (group P1). The authors also incorporated a matched group of 40 patients with VS consecutively treated with PFX after the initial learning curve period (group P2). Dose planning was compared and evaluated by measuring the conformity index (CI), selectivity index (SI), gradient index(GI), energy index (EI), unit isocenters (UI) and cochlear dose. Patients were also stratified into subgroups according to target volume (> or = 0.5 ml).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the whole population, CI, EI and cochlear dose were significantly better in group P2 (CI=0.917, EI=1.35,cochlear dose=3.55) than in group 4C (CI=0.864, EI=1.27,cochlear dose=5.10). In the subgroup of lesions > or = 0.5 ml, CI,GI, EI, UI and cochlear dose in group P2 (CI=0.929, GI=2.67, EI=1.37, UI=10.6, cochlear dose=3.55) were significantly better than in group 4C (CI=0.874, GI=2.85, EI=1.30, UI=14.5, cochlear dose=5.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The investigation of the dose planning capabilities of the PFX on a cohort of VS demonstrates a better conformity and energy distribution, with better cochlear sparing and without any particular drawback. In addition,there is an improvement in peripheral dose gradient in larger lesions. Further clinical studies will be required before drawing any conclusions about the clinical benefit achieved by these dose planning improvements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, CHU La Timone, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yomo
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carron
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Porcheron
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Régis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003051:Cochlea / Q000528:radiation effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000601:surgery*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*