title: Combinatorial materials research applied to the development of new surface coatings XIII: an investigation of polysiloxane antimicrobial coatings containing tethered quaternary ammonium salt groups.
abstract: High-throughput biological assays were used to develop structure - antimicrobial relationships for polysiloxane coatings containing chemically bound (tethered) quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) moieties. The QAS-functional polysiloxanes were derived from solution blends of a silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, a trimethoxysilane-functional QAS (QAS-TMS), and methylacetoxysilane. Since the QAS moieties provide antimicrobial activity through interaction with the microorganism cell wall, most of the compositional variables that were investigated were associated with the chemical structure of the QAS-TMS. Twenty different QAS-TMS were synthesized for the study and the antimicrobial activity of sixty unique polysiloxane coatings derived from these QAS-TMS determined toward Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Candida albicans . The results of the study showed that essentially all of the compositional variables significantly influenced antimicrobial activity. Surface characterization of these moisture-cured coatings using atomic force microscopy as well as water contact angle and water contact angle hysteresis measurements indicated that the compositional variables significantly affected coating surface morphology and surface chemistry. Overall, compositional variables that produced heterogeneous surface morphologies provided the highest antimicrobial activity suggesting that the antimicrobial activity was primarily derived from the relationship between coating chemical composition and self-assembly of QAS moieties at the coating/air interface. Using data modeling software, a narrow region of the compositional space was identified that provided broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1805 Research Park Drive, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA.
authors.forename: Partha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gubbins
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Christianson
authors.forename: Shane J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Stafslien
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Lyndsi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanderwal
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bahr
authors.forename: Bret J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Chisholm
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D020650:Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010316:Particle Size; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012492:Salts; D012833:Siloxanes