title: The clinical efficacy of topical methyl-aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy in moderate to severe actinic keratoses of the face and scalp.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since actinic keratoses (AKs) often appear in areas with field cancerization, photodynamic therapy (PDT) may have significant advantages over the standard treatment options.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Clinical efficacy of PDT with topical methyl aminolevulinate (MAL-PDT) in field cancerization was evaluated with respect to the number of AKs and photodamage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 14 patients with 223 AKs on the face or scalp were treated with MAL-PDT. Two treatments with a 3-monthly interval were given. At baseline, before the second treatment and 3 months after the end of therapy, the number of AKs were counted and photodamage was assessed with respect to skin roughness, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, scarring, atrophy, telangiectasia and wrinkling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete clearance was reached in patients with a moderate degree of actinic damage, whereas a severe degree of field cancerization demonstrated only partial clearance. The global score for photodamage improved significantly. After the follow-up period, none of the patients reaching clearance had developed relapsing or new AKs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MAL-PDT induces a high clearance rate of AKs, dependent on the degree of field cancerization, with a good improvement in photodamage and prevention of developing new AKs. Thus, more PDT sessions are needed in patients with a severe degree of field cancerization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. M.Kleinpenning@derma.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Marloes M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kleinpenning
authors.forename: Peter C M
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van de Kerkhof
authors.forename: Rianne M J P
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gerritsen
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012536:Scalp Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C475457:methyl 5-aminolevulinate; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid