title: Comparison of the efficacy of melatonin and 1400W on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury: a role for inhibiting iNOS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the roles of melatonin (a powerful antioxidant, iNOS inhibitor, and a scavenger of peroxynitrite) and 1400W (a strong and selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide) on renal dysfunction and injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of rat kidney, since oxidative and nitrosative injury are believed to be the major causes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of sham-operated, I/R, I/R + Melatonin and I/R + 1400W. Rats were given either melatonin (10 mg/kg) or 1400W (10 mg/kg) in the I/R + Melatonin and I/R + 1400W groups respectively at 6 h prior to ischemia and at the beginning of reperfusion via intraperitoneal route. I/R injury was induced by 60 min of bilateral renal ischemia followed by 6 h of reperfusion. After reperfusion, kidneys and blood were obtained for histopathologic and biochemical evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Melatonin and 1400W had an ameliorative effect on both oxidative and nitrosative stress in the kidneys against renal I/R injury in rats. In addition, melatonin significantly reduced elevated nitro-oxidative stress product, restored decreased antioxidant enzymes and attenuated histological alterations when compared with 1400W.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both Melatonin and 1400W were efficient in ameliorating experimental I/R injury of the kidneys. Moreover, melatonin was more effective than 1400W possibly through inhibiting iNOS as well as scavenging free oxygen radicals and peroxynitrite.
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Surgery, 06018 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nail
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ersoz
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guven
authors.forename: Tuncer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cayci
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oztas
authors.forename: Emin Ozgur
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Akgul
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.forename: Sadettin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cetiner
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D000975:Antioxidants; D001596:Benzylamines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C104820:N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D008550:Melatonin