title: Effects of maternal surgical weight loss in mothers on intergenerational transmission of obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  By studying cardiometabolic risk factors in children born after maternal biliopancreatic diversion bariatric surgery (AMS) compared with those in children born before maternal surgery (BMS), we tested the hypothesis that significant maternal weight loss may modify obesity-related factors transmitted via the intrauterine environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometry and fasting blood levels were studied in 49 mothers who had lost 36 +/- 1.8% body weight sustained for 12 +/- 0.8 yr and their 111 children (54 BMS and 57 AMS) aged 2.5-26 yr.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMS children had lower birth weight (2.9 +/- 0.1 AMS vs. 3.3 +/- 0.1 kg BMS, P = 0.003) associated with a reduced prevalence of macrosomia (1.8 AMS vs. 14.8% BMS, P = 0.03) with no difference in underweight. At the time of follow-up, AMS children exhibited 3-fold lower prevalence of severe obesity (11 vs. 35%, P = 0.004), greater insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index 3.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.8 +/- 0.5, P = 0.02), improved lipid profile (cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 2.96 +/- 0.11 vs 3.40 +/- 0.18, P = 0.03; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 1.50 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.35 +/- 0.05 mmol/liter, P = 0.04), lower C-reactive protein (0.88 +/- 0.17 vs. 2.00 +/- 0.34 microg/ml, P = 0.004), and leptin (11.5 +/- 1.5 vs.19.7 +/- 2.5 ng/ml, P = 0.005) and increased ghrelin (1.28 +/- 0.06 vs.1.03 +/- 0.06 ng/ml, P = 0.005) than BMS offspring (AMS vs. BMS, respectively, for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This unique study of children aged 2.5-26 yr born before and after maternal antiobesity surgery demonstrated improvements in cardiometabolic markers sustained into adolescence, attributable to an improved intrauterine environment.
authors.affiliation: Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cianflone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biron
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Hould
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lebel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marceau
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lescelleur
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Biertho
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simard
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kral
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marceau
mesh_terms: D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000235:genetics*; D049628:Body Size / Q000235:genetics; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014599:Uterus / Q000502:physiology; D015431:Weight Loss