title: Detection of experimentally induced pulmonary granuloma inflammation in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reporter mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Among different chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays an important role in inflammatory disorders of lung. In response to stimuli, MCP-1 increases its transcription as an immediate early gene. In this paper, we describe the MCP-1-enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) transgenic mouse in which EGFP expression is driven by human MCP-1 promoter and mimics the MCP-1 expression in situ. Thus, the MCP-1 reporter mouse model is designed to facilitate a better understanding of its role in various diseases. We employed this mouse model in a pulmonary granulomatous inflammation model using intratracheal instillation of Sephadex (SDX) beads and compared the EGFP reporter expression to endogenous MCP-1 expression through the course of inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the temporal pattern of SDX-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The changes in tissue fluorescence, gene, and protein expressions for both MCP-1 and EGFP were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SDX instillation caused massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in BALF and lung tissue at the end of day 3. There was an increase of fluorescence in SDX-treated lung and BALF cells. By using lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation model, increase of fluorescence was found in bone marrow Gr-1(+) cells with high Mac-1 expression. MCP-1 and EGFP gene expression and MCP-1 protein level were increased after day 1, peaked at day 3, and declined toward basal levels at day 5. In contrast, EGFP protein level peaked after day 3 and remained elevated after day 5. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the MCP-1 and EGFP expression primarily at alveolar macrophages, macrophages infiltrating the granulomatous lesions and in bronchiolar epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By using a pulmonary granuloma model, we showed that EGFP transgene reporter expression in MCP-1-EGFP mouse was correlated to the endogenous MCP-1 induction. The establishment of this mouse model will provide a valuable tool for monitoring the activation of monocytes/macrophages and facilitate the studies on the roles of MCP-1 gene in various inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Subbiah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajasekaran
authors.forename: Vivia Yu-Ying
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Mei-Ru
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Alex Liang-Tung
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ching-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Chin-Tu
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kurt Ming-Chao
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D015769:Granuloma, Respiratory Tract / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins