title: Inhibition of invasion and migration of salivary gland adenocarcinoma cells by 5'-nitro-indirubinoxime (5'-NIO).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  5'-Nitro-indirubinoxime (5'-NIO) is a derivative of the bis-indole indirubin that exhibits anticancer activities. The present study investigated the anti-invasive action of 5'-NIO in salivary gland ductal adenocarcinoma, SGT cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The wound-scratch, migration, and invasion assays were applied to determine the effect of 5'-NIO on the migration capacity and invasiveness of SGT cells. Reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to evaluate the impacts of 5'-NIO on the expression of beta1 integrin and matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 (gelatinase-A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase-B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The viability of SGT cells was decreased by 5'-NIO in a dose-dependent manner, but not significant at the concentrations of 0.5 and 1 microM. Under the concentrations showing little cytotoxic effect, 5'-NIO exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the invasion and migration of SGT cells. Furthermore, 5'-NIO suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of beta1 integrin and MMP-2 and MMP-9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these results suggest that 5'-NIO, even at low concentrations, may effectively inhibit the invasion and migration of SGT cells by suppressing beta1 integrin-mediated signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea. Jhyoon@chosun.ac.kr
authors.forename: Ji-Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Soo-A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang-Gun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jung-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000235:genetics; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010091:Oximes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C534713:5'-nitroindirubinoxime; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D019012:Integrin beta1; D010091:Oximes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9