title: Cytokines (TH1 and TH2) in patients with advanced cervical cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation: correlation with treatment response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Host factors are critical in regulating tumor growth, and cytokines that modulate immunological control may be of importance in cervical cancer. To study this, the cytokines were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in women with cervical cancer, before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation, and assessed their correlation with therapeutic response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients with advanced cervical cancer and 90 healthy controls were enrolled, and human papillomavirus status was determined. Cytokines were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in pretreatment samples after chemotherapy, brachyradiation, and after follow-up. Response to therapy was assessed during and after therapy and after 1 and 3 years of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment levels of type 1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) showed significant decrease, whereas type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) showed significant increase in patients versus controls. After chemotherapy, a mild increase in type 1 cytokine levels was observed in complete responders versus partial/nonresponders, which became highly significant after completion of therapy and remained significant during follow-up. A slight decrease in type 2 cytokine levels was seen in complete responders versus partial/nonresponders, which remained insignificant for IL-10 even after chemoradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This important finding suggests that pretreatment type 1 cytokine levels and the extent of their change during treatment can predict the therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in advanced cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. dralpanasharma@gmail.com
authors.forename: Alpana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Medha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajappa
authors.forename: Abhigyan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Satyam
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines