title: Effects of acute diuresis stress on egr-1 (zif268) mRNA levels in brain regions associated with motivated behavior.
abstract: Stressors evoke a well-studied physiological stress-response, namely, an immediate systemic release of catecholamines from the adrenals followed shortly afterwards by the release of adrenal steroids. The intensity of that response can often be inferred by the amount of adrenal steroids released into the circulatory system. It is still unclear however how the intensity and duration of the stressor affect a number of brain regions, including those in the motivational system. The present study sought to determine whether a brief stressor, such as an isotonic saline injection, activated the brain's motivational system in mesolimbic regions compared with a more intense stressor exemplified by pharmacological challenges caused by the administration of a diuretic. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were either injected (s.c.) with isotonic saline or 5mg of the diuretic, furosemide. Controls did not receive any injections. Animals were sacrificed at 30, 60, 120, and 240 min after injection and trunk blood and brains were collected. Serum corticosterone and aldosterone levels were assessed through radioimmunoassay and mesolimbic brain activity was determined through in situ hybridization of mRNA expression of the immediate-early gene egr-1 in the caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens. While both adrenal steroids demonstrated an initial peak in both stress groups, levels were higher and longer lasting in rats treated with furosemide. Interestingly, egr-1 mRNA levels were significantly higher only in the furosemide-treated group compared with controls. These findings suggest that a selective activation of motivational circuits occurs under thirst and salt-appetite-induced conditions such as those caused by diuresis.
authors.affiliation: Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Chetan V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Aher
authors.forename: Caroline C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Duwaerts
authors.forename: Keith T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Akama
authors.forename: Louis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Lucas
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004231:Diuresis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000633:toxicity; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005665:Furosemide / Q000633:toxicity; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011699:Putamen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486110:Egr1 protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000450:Aldosterone; D005665:Furosemide; D003345:Corticosterone