title: Scaphocephaly: Part I: indices for scaphocephalic frontal and occipital morphology evaluation: long-term results.
abstract: Scaphocephaly is the most frequent craniosynostosis. Many correction techniques have been proposed. Their relevance is not completely appreciated by means of the Cranial Index, which cannot differentiate specifically the anterior and posterior modifications.The aim of this study was to propose a new fronto-occipital morphologic evaluation technique and its validation in normal and scaphocephalic patients, operated or nonoperated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two evaluation measures (indices) were developed for frontal and occipital deformities, traced over a standard skull radiograph. It was initially applied in 16 normal skull radiographs. Forty-two scaphocephalies were evaluated before and after linear perisutural craniectomy technique. Short- and long-term evaluations were performed in the 42 operated cases, with a follow-up period of 10 or more years.The created indices were named Frontal Sagittal Index (FSI) and Occipital Sagittal Index (OSI). They are proportional measures between 2 cranial lengths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference was found for the FSI and the OSI between scaphocephalies and normal skulls. A significant difference was also found between indices before and after surgery, whether it was short- or long-term follow-up. No significant differences were found between the indices for the short- and long-term follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FSI and the OSI were more precise measuring methods than the Cranial Index for the scaphocephaly anterior posterior morphologic evaluation and follow-up. There was also a stability of the results in the long-term follow-up with the technique used. We recommend these indices for the presurgical and result evaluation rather than the Cephalic Index.
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Carlos J Bello Hospital, Venezuelan Red Cross, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antúnez
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marchac
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Renier
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome