title: Effects of metoclopramide on gastric motility measured by short-term bio-impedance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the accuracy of short-term bio-impedance as a means of measuring gastric motility.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated differences in the short-term electrical bio-impedance signal from the gastric region in the following conditions: (1) fasting state, (2) after the administration of metoclopramide (a drug that induces an increase in gastric motility) and (3) after food ingestion in 23 healthy volunteers. We recorded the real component of the electrical impedance signal from the gastric region for 1000 s. We performed a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on this data and then compared the signal among the fasting, medicated, and postprandial conditions using the median of the area under the curve, the relative area under the curve and the main peak activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median of the area under the curve of the frequency range in the region between 2-8 cycles per minute (cpm) decreased from 4.7 cpm in the fasting condition to 4.0 cpm in the medicated state (t = 3.32, P = 0.004). This concurred with the decrease seen in the relative area under the FFT curve in the region from 4 to 8 cpm from 38.3% to 26.6% (t = 2.81, P = 0.012) and the increase in area in the region from 2 to 4 cpm from 22.4% to 27.7%, respectively (t = -2.5, P = 0.022). Finally the main peak position also decreased in the region from 2 to 8 cpm. Main peak activity in the fasting state was 4.72 cpm and declined to 3.45 cpm in the medicated state (t = 2.47, P = 0.025). There was a decrease from the fasting state to the postprandial state at 3.02 cpm (t = 4.0, P = 0.0013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term electrical bio-impedance can assess gastric motility changes in individuals experiencing gastric stress by analyzing the area medians and relative areas under the FFT curve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Science and Labor Research, DCS-Campus León, University of Guanajuato, Av Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León Gto, Mexico. huertafranco@hotmail.com
authors.forename: María-Raquel
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Huerta-Franco
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vargas-Luna
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Capaccione
authors.forename: Etna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yañez-Roldán
authors.forename: Ulises
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hernández-Ledezma
authors.forename: Ismael
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morales-Mata
authors.forename: Teodoro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Córdova-Fraga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D008787:Metoclopramide