title: Dexamethasone inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated gastric epithelial cell migration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cell migration (restitution) occurs in the early phase of gastric ulcer healing. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is overexpressed at the ulcer margin and plays a physiologic role in gastric ulcer healing. Dexamethasone, which is a potent corticosteroid, delays rat gastric ulcer healing. We evaluated whether dexamethasone inhibited TNF-alpha-stimulated gastric epithelial cell migration using a rat normal gastric epithelial cell line (RGM-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  An artificial wound model was employed to measure cell migration. Western blot was performed to evaluate the possible mechanisms. Intracellular prostaglandin E2 level was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-alpha treatment (10 ng/mL) for 12-48 hours significantly increased RGM-1 cell migration, and TNF-alpha treatment increased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein expression 8 hours later and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis 12 hours later compared with control (p < 0.05). Dexamethasone (10(-6) M) significantly inhibited the stimulatory effect of TNF-alpha on RGM-1 cell migration, which was associated with a significant decrease in COX-2 expression and PGE2 level in cells (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-alpha plays a regulatory role in rat gastric epithelial cell migration and dexamethasone inhibited TNF-alpha-stimulated cell migration, which was associated with a decrease in COX-2 expression and PGE2 formation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. jcluo@vghtpe.gov.tw
authors.forename: Jiing-Chyuan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Chi-Hin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Ka-Man
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Kuo-Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hsiang
authors.forename: Ching-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Tseng-Shing
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Full-Young
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Han-Chieh
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chin-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Perng
authors.forename: Shou-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000032:analysis; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D003907:Dexamethasone; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone