title: Clinical grading of oral mucosa by curve-fitting of corrected autofluorescence using diffuse reflectance spectra.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laser-induced autofluorescence (LIAF) and diffuse reflectance (DR) were collectively used in this clinical study to improve early oral cancer diagnosis and tissue grading.
  
  
  METHODS
  LIAF and DR emission from oral mucosa were recorded on a fiber-optic spectrometer by illumination with a 404-nm diode laser and tungsten halogen lamp in 36 healthy volunteers and 40 lesions of 20 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Absorption dips in LIAF spectra at 545 and 575 nm resulting from changes in oxygenated hemoglobin were corrected using DR spectra of the same site. These corrected spectra were curve-fitted using Gaussian spectral functions to determine constituent emission peaks and their relative contribution. The Gaussian peak intensity and area ratios F500/F635 and F500/F685 were found to be useful indicators of tissue transformation. The diagnostic capability of various ratios in differentiating healthy, hyperplastic, dysplastic, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were examined using discrimination scatterplots.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LIAF/DR technique, in conjunction with curve-fitting, differentiates different grades of dysplasia and SCC in this clinical trial and proves its potential for early detection of oral cavity cancer and tissue grading.
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Laboratory, Centre for Earth Science Studies, Trivandrum, India.
authors.forename: Rupananda Jayachandra
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mallia
authors.forename: Narayanan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Subhash
authors.forename: Anitha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: Rejnish
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Shiny Sara
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sebastian
authors.forename: Jayaprakash
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madhavan
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D016011:Normal Distribution; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods