title: Absence of diabetic retinopathy in a patient who has had diabetes mellitus for 69 years, and inadequate glycemic control: case presentation.
abstract: The main risk factors for the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are chronic hyperglycemia, disease duration and systemic blood pressure. So far chronic hyperglycemia is the strongest evidence concerning the risk of developing DR. However there are some patients with poor metabolic control who never develop this diabetic complication. We present a case of a 73-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus, diagnosed 69 years ago. The patient is 73 years old, with no evidence of DR, despite poor glycemic control and several risk factors for DR. This case suggests the presence of a possible protection factor, which could be genetic.
authors.affiliation: Ophtalmology and otorhinolaryngology Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. estevesjf@terra.com.br.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esteves
authors.forename: Carolina Maurente
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: da Rosa
authors.forename: Caroline Kaercher
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Luiz Eduardo
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Osowski
authors.forename: Stéfano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milano
authors.forename: Luís Henrique
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Canani