title: Psychosocial-spiritual factors in patients with functional dyspepsia: a comparative study with normal individuals having the same endoscopic features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to identify factors that are associated with dyspeptic symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) in a multivariate context.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic data, personal habits, stressful life events, and psychological distress were compared between functional dyspeptic patients with gastric reddish streaks and asymptomatic counterparts who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as part of a self-paid physical check-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 93 patients in the symptomatic group and 67 patients in the asymptomatic group. FD patients had a lower proportion of tea consumption (38 vs. 61%, P = 0.004), more were single (20 vs. 6%, P<0.05), less belief in religion (46 vs. 66%, P<0.05), a greater number (median+/-interquartile range, 3.0+/-2.0 vs. 2.0+/-2.0, P<0.001) and more severity (1.5+/-0.9 vs. 1.0+/-1.0, P<0.001) with regard to stressful life events, greater scores of symptom dimensions of somatization, depression, anxiety, and psychotism and general severity index of psychopathology as compared with asymptomatic counterparts. Only tea consumption [odds ratio (OR) = 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.15-0.72, P<0.01)], religion (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.19-0.91, P<0.05), number of stressful life events (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.28-5.88, P<0.01), and somatization (OR = 6.80, 95% CI = 1.21-38.08, P<0.05) remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FD with gastric reddish streaks exhibited increased somatization, more stressful life events, less belief in religion, and less tea consumption as compared with asymptomatic counterparts. The findings of the study suggest the importance of adopting a more comprehensive holistic bio-psycho-socio-spiritual model when dealing with FD patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, #201, Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan 11217, China. tschen@vghtpe.gov.tw
authors.forename: Tseng-Shing
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jiing-Chyuan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Full-Young
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000150:complications; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D013662:Tea