title: Metastasis-inducing S100A4 protein is associated with the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between metastasis-inducing protein S100A4 and disease activity in patients with RA, and to demonstrate the effect of TNF-alpha blocking therapy on plasma levels of S100A4 in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of the S100A4 protein were analysed in 40 anti-TNF-alpha naive patients with active RA. Of the 40 patients, 25 were treated with adalimumab and monitored over time. The conformational form of S100A4 was analysed using size-exclusion gel chromatography. TNF-alpha mRNA expression and protein synthesis were analysed by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline levels of S100A4 were significantly correlated with disease activity in RA patients (r = 0.41; P < 0.01). After 12 weeks of treatment with adalimumab, there was an obvious shift in the conformations of S100A4 from the multimeric to the dimeric forms, whereas the total levels of the S100A4 protein remained unchanged. This suggests that the bioactive (multimer) S100A4 may decline in response to successful treatment with adalimumab. In addition, we showed significant up-regulation of TNF-alpha mRNA (P < 0.01), and protein release to the cell culture medium of monocytes stimulated with the S100A4 multimer compared with those treated with the dimer and to the unstimulated monocytes (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to show that the levels of the S100A4 protein are correlated with RA disease activity. Furthermore, only the bioactive form, but not the total amount of S100A4, decreases after successful TNF-alpha blocking therapy in patients with RA. These data support an important role for the S100A4 multimer in the pathogenesis of RA.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology Connective Tissue Research Laboratory, Na Slupi 4, 12850 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oslejsková
authors.forename: Mariam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grigorian
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hulejová
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vencovsky
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pavelka
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klingelhöfer
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neidhart
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brabcová
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suchy
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Senolt
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C077591:S100A4 protein, human; D000068879:Adalimumab