title: Early discharge of patients with venous thromboembolism: implications regarding therapy.
abstract: The purpose of this investigation is to show trends in the duration of hospitalization of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The number of patients discharged from short-stay non-Federal hospitals throughout the United States with a primary diagnostic code for PE or DVT from 1979 through 2005 was obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. By 2005, 13% of patients with PE were discharged in 1 to 2 days, 30% in 3 to 4 days, 26% in 5 to 6 days, and 31% in > or =7 days. Regarding DVT, by 2005, 26% of patients with DVT were discharged in 1 to 2 days, 34% were discharged in 3 to 4 days, 20% were discharged in 5 to 6 days, and 19% were discharged in > or =7 days. The data indicate that large proportions of patients with a primary diagnosis of PE and of DVT are being discharged before adequate heparin can be administered and before warfarin can become antithrombotic. Others have reported an increased mortality among patients with PE discharged in < or =4 days. If patients are to be discharged before adequate heparin can be administered, outpatient treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for at least 5 days and until the international normalized ratio (INR) is > or =2.0 for 24 hours is recommended or extended outpatient treatment with LMWH may be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Venous Thromboembolism Research Unit St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland Hospital, 44405 Woodward Ave., Pontiac, MI 48341-5023, USA. steinp@trinity-health.org
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Russell D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matta
authors.forename: Abdo Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Yaekoub
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017046:Cost Savings; D000077425:Fondaparinux; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D018579:Patient Selection; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014859:Warfarin; D006493:Heparin; D000077425:Fondaparinux