title: Kinetics of hyperpolarized 13C1-pyruvate transport and metabolism in living human breast cancer cells.
abstract: Metabolic fluxes can serve as specific biomarkers for detecting malignant transformations, tumor progression, and response to microenvironmental changes and treatment procedures. We present noninvasive hyperpolarized (13)C NMR investigations on the metabolic flux of pyruvate to lactate, in a well-controlled injection/perfusion system using T47D human breast cancer cells. Initial rates of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion were obtained by fitting the hyperpolarized (13)C and ancillary (31)P NMR data to a model, yielding both kinetic parameters and mechanistic insight into this conversion. Transport was found to be the rate-limiting process for the conversion of extracellular pyruvate to lactate with K(m) = 2.14 +/- 0.03 mM, typical of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), and a V(max) = 27.6 +/- 1.1 fmolxmin(-1).cell(-1), in agreement with the high expression level of this transporter. Modulation of the environment to hypoxic conditions as well as suppression of cells' perfusion enhanced the rate of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion, presumably by up-regulation of the MCT1. Conversely, the addition of quercetin, a flavonoidal MCT1 inhibitor, markedly reduces the apparent rate of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion. These results suggest that hyperpolarized (13)C(1)-pyruvate may be a useful magnetic resonance biomarker of MCT regulation and malignant transformations in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Talia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Galit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eliyahu
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frydman
authors.forename: Hadassa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Degani
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002470:Cell Survival; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D011794:Quercetin