title: Neurodevelopment in 1-year-old Japanese infants after congenital heart surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of persistent neurodevelopmental sequelae in 1-year-old infants after open heart surgery for congenital heart disease, using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development second edition (BSID-II). A secondary objective was to confirm the applicability and usefulness of the BSID-II in Japanese infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine infants who underwent repair of a ventricular septal defect before 6 months of age and 108 normal Japanese infants at 1 year of age were assessed using the BSID-II.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal infants, scores on the Mental Development Index and the Psychomotor Development Index components of the BSID-II ranged from borderline retardation to very superior following a normal distribution similar to those obtained for US controls. No problems were encountered, either in translation or in following the instructions when the BSID-II was used to evaluate the 1-year-old Japanese infants. On the other hand, the mean scores on the Mental Development Index and the Psychomotor Development Index were significantly lower in Japanese patients than in normal Japanese infants, particularly for gross motor development (P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that a longer intensive care unit stay was associated with impaired cognitive development at 1 year of age (P= 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurodevelopmental functions in 1-year-old infants with congenital heart disease were lower than those in normal infants, especially for gross motor function using the BSID-II. One risk factor that correlated with neurodevelopmental sequelae was the length of intensive care unit stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan. tmtzk@hsp.ncvc.go.jp
authors.forename: Tachiyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: Mie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Fukiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ichida
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshikosi
authors.forename: Michie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Miu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hagino
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kagisaki
authors.forename: Toshikatsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagihara
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution