title: Double P2X2/P2X3 purinergic receptor knockout mice do not taste NaCl or the artificial sweetener SC45647.
abstract: The P2X ionotropic purinergic receptors, P2X2 and P2X3, are essential for transmission of taste information from taste buds to the gustatory nerves. Mice lacking both P2X2 and P2X3 purinergic receptors (P2X2/P2X3(Dbl-/-)) exhibit no taste-evoked activity in the chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves when stimulated with taste stimuli from any of the 5 classical taste quality groups (salt, sweet, sour, bitter, and umami) nor do the mice show taste preferences for sweet or umami, or avoidance of bitter substances (Finger et al. 2005. ATP signaling is crucial for communication from taste buds to gustatory nerves. Science. 310[5753]:1495-1499). Here, we compare the ability of P2X2/P2X3(Dbl-/-) mice and P2X2/P2X3(Dbl+/+) wild-type (WT) mice to detect NaCl in brief-access tests and conditioned aversion paradigms. Brief-access testing with NaCl revealed that whereas WT mice decrease licking at 300 mM and above, the P2X2/P2X3(Dbl-/-) mice do not show any change in lick rates. In conditioned aversion tests, P2X2/P2X3(Dbl-/-) mice did not develop a learned aversion to NaCl or the artificial sweetener SC45647, both of which are easily avoided by conditioned WT mice. The inability of P2X2/P2X3(Dbl-/-) mice to show avoidance of these taste stimuli was not due to an inability to learn the task because both WT and P2X2/P2X3(Dbl-/-) mice learned to avoid a combination of SC45647 and amyl acetate (an odor cue). These data suggest that P2X2/P2X3(Dbl-/-) mice are unable to respond to NaCl or SC45647 as taste stimuli, mirroring the lack of gustatory nerve responses to these substances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
authors.forename: Meghan C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Eddy
authors.forename: Benjamin K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Eschle
authors.forename: Jennell
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrows
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hallock
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Finger
authors.forename: Eugene R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Delay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D006146:Guanidines / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; D058477:Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; C546402:P2rx2 protein, mouse; C546409:P2rx3 protein, mouse; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; D058477:Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; C099860:SC 45647; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D012965:Sodium Chloride