title: High-throughput screening of dioxins in sediment and soil using selective pressurized liquid extraction with immunochemical detection.
abstract: A high-throughput screening method using selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for monitoring dioxins in sediment and soil is described. SPLE conditions were developed by extracting sediment or soil together with alumina, 10% AgNO3 in silica, and sulfuric acid impregnated silica (acid silica) using dichloromethane (DCM) as the solvent at 100 degrees C and 2000 psi. Post-extraction cleanups were not required for ELISA. Two reference sediments (National Institute of Standards and Technology SRM 1944 and Wellington Laboratories WMS01) were analyzed by the SPLE-ELISA method. The ELISA utilized a polyclonal antibody and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as the calibrant. Recoveries of ELISA-derived TCDD equivalents (EQ) relative to the expected gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS) derived dioxin toxic equivalent (TEQ) values were 116+/-11% for SRM 1944 and 102+/-13% for WMS01. ELISA TCDD EQs were consistent with the dioxin TEQs as measured by GC/HRMS for 25 soil/sediment samples from seven different contaminated sites. The ELISA had an approximate method detection limit of 10 pg g(-1) with a precision of 2.6-29% based on the relative percentage difference (%RPD) for duplicate samples. Estimated sample throughput for the SPLE-ELISA was three times or more than that of the GC/HRMS method employing PLE with a multi-column cleanup.
authors.affiliation: Battelle, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, OH 43201-2693, USA. chuangj@battelle.org
authors.forename: Jane C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Jeanette M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Van Emon
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schrock
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D057230:Limit of Detection; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D004147:Dioxins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants