title: Finite element model of the patched human carotid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hemodynamic effects of carotid artery patching are not well known. Our objective was to develop a fluid-solid finite element model of the endarterectomized and patched carotid artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hyperelastic materials parameters were determined from studies of 8 cadaveric carotids. Blood flow characteristics were based on intraoperative data from a patient undergoing endarterectomy. Wall shear stress, cyclic strain and effective stress were computed as hemodynamic parameters with known association with endothelial injury, neointimal hyperplasia and atherogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low wall shear stress, high cyclic strain and high effective stress were identified diffusely in the carotid bulb, at the margins around the patch and in the flow divider.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endarterectomy and polytetrafluoroethylene patching produce considerable abnormalities in the hemodynamics of the repaired carotid. Advanced mechanical modeling can be used to evaluate different carotid revascularization approaches to obtain optimized biomechanical and hemodynamic results for the care of patients with carotid bifurcation disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Mechanics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
authors.forename: Alexey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kamenskiy
authors.forename: Iraklis I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Pipinos
authors.forename: Anastasia S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Desyatova
authors.forename: Yuriy E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Salkovskiy
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu Kossovich
authors.forename: Irina V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Kirillova
authors.forename: Leo A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bockeria
authors.forename: Konstantin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Morozov
authors.forename: Vasiliy O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Polyaev
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Yuris A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Dzenis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002102:Cadaver; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004548:Elasticity; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex
chemical_list: D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene