HIV reservoirs, latency, and reactivation: prospects for eradication.
Current antiretroviral therapy effectively suppresses but does not eradicate HIV-1 infection. During therapy patients maintain a persistent low-level viremia requiring lifelong adherence to antiretroviral therapies. This viremia may arise from latently infected reservoirs such as resting memory CD4+ T-cells or sanctuary sites where drug penetration is suboptimal. Understanding the mechanisms of HIV latency will help efforts to eradicate the infection. This review examines the dynamics of persistent viremia, viral reservoirs, the mechanisms behind viral latency, and methods to purge the viral reservoirs. This article forms part of a special issue of Antiviral Research marking the 25th anniversary of antiretroviral drug discovery and development, vol. 85, issue 1, 2010.
Dahl
Viktor
V
Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden.
Josefsson
Lina
L
Palmer
Sarah
S
D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D014775:Virus Activation; D017735:Virus Latency