title: Removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater by electrochemical oxidation using cylindrical flow reactor and optimization of treatment conditions.
abstract: This paper examines the use of electrooxidation for treatment of wastewater obtained from a pharmaceutical industry. The wastewater primarily contained Gentamicin and Dexamethasone. With NaCl as supporting electrolyte, the effluent was treated in a cylindrical flow reactor in continuous (single pass) mode under various current densities (2-5 A/dm2) and flow rates (10-40 L/h). By cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis, the optimum condition for maximum redox reaction was determined. The efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and power consumption were studied for different operating conditions. From the results it was observed that maximum COD reduction of about 85.56% was obtained at a flow rate of 10 L/h with an applied current density of 4 A/dm2. FT-IR spectra studies showed that during electrooxidation, the intensities of characteristic functional groups such as N-H, O-H were reduced and some new peaks also started to appear. Probable theory, reaction mechanism and modeling were proposed for the oxidation of pharmaceutical effluent. The experimental results demonstrated that electrooxidation treatment was very effective and capable of elevating the quality of treated wastewater to the reuse standard prescribed for pharmaceutical industries.
authors.affiliation: Pollution Control Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. akbabu_2001@yahoo.com
authors.forename: B Ramesh
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venkatesan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kanimozhi
authors.forename: C Ahmed
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Basha
mesh_terms: D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000737:chemistry; D004345:Drug Industry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000737:chemistry; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D007220:Industrial Waste; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D003907:Dexamethasone