title: Partial least squares path modelling for relations between baseline factors and treatment outcomes in periodontal regeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some clinical outcome variables in periodontal research are mathematically coupled, and it is not feasible to include all the mathematically coupled variables in an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis. The simplest solution to this problem is to drop at least one of the mathematically coupled variables. However, this solution is not satisfactory when the mathematically coupled variables have distinctive clinical implications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Partial least squares (PLS) methods were used to analyse data from a study on guided tissue regeneration. Relationships between characteristics of baseline lesions and treatment outcomes after 1 year were analysed using PLS, and the results were compared with those from OLS regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PLS analysis suggested that there were multiple dimensions in the characteristics of baseline lesion: vertical dimension was positively associated with probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, whilst horizontal dimension was negatively associated with the outcome. Baseline gingival recession had a negative association with PPD reduction but a small positive one with CAL gain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLS analysis provides new insights into the relationships between baseline characteristics of infrabony defects and periodontal treatment outcomes. The hypothesis of multiple dimensions in baseline lesions needs to be validated by further analysis of different datasets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. y.k.tu@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: Yu-Kang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gilthorpe
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D' Aiuto
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woolston
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Clerehugh
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000145:classification; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000145:classification; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D015233:Models, Statistical; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome