title: Clinical and dosimetric risk factors of acute esophagitis in patients treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the clinical and dosimetric risk factors of acute esophagitis (AE) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred two NSCLC patients treated with 3D-CRT were retrospectively analyzed. Forty of these 102 patients analyzed were treated with concurrent chemotherapy (CCT). The median biologic effective dose of radiotherapy was 72.0 Gy. AE was scored according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. The clinical and dosimetric factors associated with grade 2 or worse AE were analyzed using univariate and multivariate binary logistic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no grade 4 or 5 AE observed in the 102 patients analyzed. Thirty-four of 102 patients (33.3%) developed grade 2 or 3 AE. Univariate analysis showed that clinical factors, such as lymph nodes stage (N 0/1 vs. N 2/3), pretreatment weight loss > or =5%, CCT, and the use of late-course hyperfractionated radiotherapy were significantly associated with grade 2 and 3 AE. Dose volume parameters of esophagus including mean esophageal dose, maximal esophageal dose, rV15, rV20, rV25, rV30, rV35, rV40, rV45, rV50, rV55, rV60 were also associated with AE. On multivariate forward step-wise logistic analysis, CCT, lymph nodes stage, and rV55 emerged as the statistically most significant factors of AE with OR parameters of 8.911, 4.832, and 1.083, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCT, lymphatic status, and rV55 were strong predictors of grade 2 or worse AE in NSCLC treated with 3D-CRT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Zi-cheng
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bao-sheng
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Zhong-tang
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong-sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong-fu
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jin-ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index