title: Delirium in advanced cancer leading to distress in patients and family caregivers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information is limited about the experiences of delirium among patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers, which makes designing interventions to relieve delirium-related distress difficult. To better understand the experience and thus permit the design of effective interventions, we collected and analyzed data from patients with advanced cancer who had recovered from delirium and their family caregivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phenomenological interviews were conducted separately with 37 caregivers and 34 patients. One investigator reviewed verbatim transcripts of the audio-taped interviews to identify themes, which the research team confirmed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients and all caregivers had vivid memories of the experience; their descriptions were consistent. Most also attributed the confusion to pain medication. Caregivers had concerns about how best to help patients, patients' imminent deaths, and their own well-being.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main finding that delirium leads to distress for both patients and caregivers indicates the importance of recognizing, treating, and, if possible, preventing delirium in this population. Concerns about pain medications also indicate the need to educate patients and caregivers about symptom management. Caregivers also need emotional support.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Marlene Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Ellen A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: Guddi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003693:Delirium / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*