title: A comparative study of pregnancy outcomes and menstrual irregularities in northern Indian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect the menstruation, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes of the affected subjects. There is very little data on this aspect of the disease in Indian patients. Our aim was to study the menstrual, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes in these patients in comparison with patients of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and also to study the effect of cyclophosphamide therapy on menstrual cycles in patients with SLE. Four hundred and twenty patients of SLE (210) and RA (210) were interviewed using a standard questionnaire and available medical records used. After disease-onset, the chances of adverse pregnancy outcomes were significantly more in patients with SLE compared to RA [OR = 5.17 (2.13-12.52); p ≤ 0.001]. Compared to the National average in India, the average number of living children is lesser in patients with RA (2.39 ± 1.39, p = 0.002), but more so in patients with SLE (1.44 ± 1.35, p = 0.001). A younger age at diagnosis and cyclophosphamide therapy was found to be independently associated with menstrual irregularities after disease-onset. We conclude that pregnancy outcome in patients with SLE in India is worse in comparison to patients with RA. Average family size of patients with SLE and RA is less when compared to National average in India. Patients with SLE are more prone for menstrual irregularities, especially those who receive cyclophosphamide treatment.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Services, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India. guptarajiva@hotmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deepanjali
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dadhwal
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide