title: Ingestion of diet soda before a glucose load augments glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine the effect of artificial sweeteners on glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, 22 healthy volunteers (mean age 18.5 +/- 4.2 years) underwent two 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests with frequent measurements of glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 for 180 min. Subjects drank 240 ml of diet soda or carbonated water, in randomized order, 10 min prior to the glucose load.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glucose excursions were similar after ingestion of carbonated water and diet soda. Serum insulin levels tended to be higher after diet soda, without statistical significance. GLP-1 peak and area under the curve (AUC) were significantly higher with diet soda (AUC 24.0 +/- 15.2 pmol/l per 180 min) versus carbonated water (AUC 16.2 +/- 9.0 pmol/l per 180 min; P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Artificial sweeteners synergize with glucose to enhance GLP-1 release in humans. This increase in GLP-1 secretion may be mediated via stimulation of sweet-taste receptors on L-cells by artificial sweetener.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. brownrebecca@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Kristina I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Rother
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D002254:Carbonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013395:Sucrose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013843:Thiazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; D007328:Insulin; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013843:Thiazines; D013395:Sucrose; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; C026285:trichlorosucrose; D005947:Glucose; C006362:acetosulfame