title: Enhancement of taxane-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by gossypol in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gossypol is a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from cotton plant (Gossypium species) which has shown potent inhibitory effect on cell growth of many types of cancers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the interaction of gossypol with some conventional drugs known to be effective in the treatment of breast cancer, like taxanes, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, cisplatin and vinorelbine, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The XTT viability assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of various cytotoxic agents alone and in combination with gossypol in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The combination effect analysis of Chou and Talalay was used to identify the most synergistic drug combinations. The possible synergistic effects of the combination of drugs on apoptosis were also evaluated by using two different apoptosis assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified strong synergistic cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of gossypol with taxanes among all other studied cytotoxic drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides proof that gossypol combined with taxanes may have potential as a novel future treatment for breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Tulay Aktas Oncology Hospital, School of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Atmaca
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uzunoglu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Sanli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uslu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006072:Gossypol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D043823:Taxoids / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D043823:Taxoids; D006072:Gossypol