title: An fMRI study of auditory hallucinations in patients with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate behavioral and brain activation in nonpsychotic hallucinating individuals. Auditory hallucinations are reported by patients with epilepsy, although less frequent than visual hallucinations are. If behavioral and neuronal activation patterns in hallucinating patients with epilepsy are found to be similar to what has been found in hallucinating patients with schizophrenia, this would support a unique neuronal representation for auditory hallucinations cutting across diagnostic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from six epilepsy patients experiencing auditory hallucinations compared with six healthy control subjects. The participants had to report which of two simultaneously presented simple speech sounds they perceived on each trial, using a dichotic stimulus presentation mode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the patients failed to show an expected right ear advantage on the task, and they also showed significantly reduced activation in temporal, frontal, and cingulate cortex areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are discussed in relation to a view that neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging indices of auditory hallucinations may be orthogonal to diagnostic category and not unique to patients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Human Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. m.s.korsnes@psykologi.uio.no
authors.forename: Maria Stylianou
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Korsnes
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hugdahl
authors.forename: Merethe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nygård
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bjørnaes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004007:Dichotic Listening Tests; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen