title: Low cardiac output predicts development of hepatorenal syndrome and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies suggest that cardiac dysfunction precedes development of the hepatorenal syndrome. In this follow-up study, we aimed to investigate the relation between cardiac and renal function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites and the impact of cardiac systolic function on survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with cirrhosis and ascites were included. Cardiac function was investigated by gated myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for assessment of cardiac index (CI) and cardiac volumes. The renal function was assessed by determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) and the patients were followed up for 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with a CI below 1.5 l/min/m(2) on MPI, GFR was lower (39 (SD 24) vs 63 (SD 23) ml/min, p = 0.03), RBF was lower (352 (SD 232) vs 561 (SD 229) ml/min, p = 0.06), and serum creatinine was higher (130 (SD 46) vs 78 (SD 29) mumol/l, p<0.01). The number of patients who developed hepatorenal syndrome type 1 within 3 months was higher in the group with low CI than in the high CI group (43% vs 5%, p = 0.04). Patients with the lowest CI (N = 8) had significantly poorer survival at 3, 9, and 12 months compared to those with a higher CI (N = 16), p<0.05. In contrast, the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score failed to predict mortality in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of renal failure and poor outcome in patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites seem to be related to a cardiac systolic dysfunction. Other parameters may be more important than MELD score to predict prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Gastroenterology 439, Hvidovre Hospital, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. aleksander.krag@hvh.regionh.dk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krag
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bendtsen
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Møller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006530:Hepatorenal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D016019:Survival Analysis