Immunomodulation of caprine lentiviral infection by interleukin-16.
Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by a variety of cells including lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and eosinophils. We have shown in our previous studies increased expression of IL-16 mRNA and protein in caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV)-infected goats blood. In this study, we determined the immunomodulatory effects of IL-16 in vitro using cells derived from CAEV infected and uninfected goats. Human recombinant IL-16 (rhIL-16) significantly increased chemotaxis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both control and CAEV-infected goats. Pretreatment of PBMC with anti-goat CD4 monoclonal antibody inhibited IL-16-induced chemotaxis of PBMC of control and infected goats suggesting that IL-16 exerts its action in goats primarily by binding to CD4. The CAEV proviral DNA was less in caprine monocytes treated with rhIL-16 infected in vitro with CAEV. These data suggest inhibitory effect of IL-16 on viral integration. Flow cytometric studies indicated a trend toward IL-16-induced increased expression of lymphocyte activation markers. Combined with our previously reported data, these experiments suggest that increased IL-16 expression during CAEV infection may inhibit viral integration.
Nimmanapalli
R
R
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing & Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, United States. ramadevi.nimmanapalli@gmail.com
Sharmila
C
C
Reddy
P G
PG
D000818:Animals; D016088:Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006041:Goats / Q000276:immunology; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007249:Inflammation; D019410:Interleukin-16 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016180:Lentivirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016662:Virus Integration
D015704:CD4 Antigens; D004279:DNA, Viral; D019410:Interleukin-16; D012333:RNA, Messenger