title: Minimally invasive management of biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted this prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous catheter drainage as a minimally invasive treatment in the management of symptomatic bile leak following biliary injuries associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty two patients with symptomatic bile leak following laparoscopic cholecystectomy underwent percutaneous drainage of the bile collection under ultrasound control. In patients with jaundice and in those with persistent drainage, endoscopic retrograde cholecysto-pancreatography (ERCP) was performed immediately for diagnostic and for therapeutic intervention when appropriate. In other patients, ERCP was performed 4-6 weeks after the discharge from the hospital to document the healing of the leaking site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients with jaundice were initially treated by a combination of endoscopic plus percutaneous drainage. One of them required surgical treatment following diagnosis of a major duct injury. The other 17 were treated by percutaneous drainage initially and for 14 of them it was definitive treatment. Three patients required sphincterotomy as additional treatment for stopping the leak. There were no complications related to the percutaneous drainage procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients with bile leakage can be managed successfully by percutaneous drainage. If biliary output does not decrease, endoscopy is needed. In patients with jaundice endoscopic diagnostic and therapeutic procedures should be performed immediately.
authors.affiliation: The University Clinical Center, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. zerem@inet.ba
authors.forename: Enver
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zerem
authors.forename: Safet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omerović
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007565:Jaundice / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; D055815:Young Adult