title: Fluoride release and cariostatic potential of orthodontic adhesives with and without daily fluoride rinsing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we aimed to evaluate the fluoride-release profiles and caries lesion development in an enamel model with brackets cemented with 4 orthodontic adhesives with and without daily fluoride exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four orthodontic adhesives (Ketac Cem mu, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany; Fuji Ortho LC, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; Light-Bond, Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill; and Transbond XT, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were used. Brackets were bonded on bovine enamel with each adhesive (n = 10) and subjected to alternate cycles of demineralizing (pH 4.55) and remineralizing (pH 6.8) solutions. Unbracketed enamel samples served as a reference. Five samples from each group were immersed in a fluoride mouth rinse (250 ppm fluoride) for 1 minute each day (test groups). Fluoride release was measured at regular intervals over 28 days. The mineral distribution of peribracket enamel after 28 days was quantified by transversal microradiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluoride-release profiles of Ketac Cem mu, Fuji Ortho LC, and Light-Bond were high for the first 24 hours and reached a constant level after 2 weeks. Fuji Ortho LC released significantly more fluoride than did the other adhesives in both the control and test groups (P <0.01, repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni test). Enamel bonded with Fuji Ortho LC had significantly shallower lesions and less mineral loss (P <0.01, 2-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bonding of orthodontic brackets with Fuji Ortho LC resulted in less peribracket enamel demineralization with and without daily fluoride rinsing, mainly due to its better fluoride-release profile. In contrast, Transbond XT and Light-Bond offered few cariostatic effects to the enamel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. mervchin@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mervyn Y H
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sandham
authors.forename: Elena N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Rumachik
authors.forename: Jan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ruben
authors.forename: Marie-Charlotte D N J M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Huysmans
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002417:Cattle; D002484:Cementation; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008852:Microradiography; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000209:etiology; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; C095451:Fuji Ortho LC; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D009067:Mouthwashes; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; C429652:Reliance Light Bond; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; C040235:Ketac-cem; D005459:Fluorides; D015034:Zinc Oxide