title: Comprehensive assessment of renal function and vessel morphology in potential living kidney donors: an MRI-based approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the feasibility of a single MR-based examination allowing for the comprehensive assessment of renal anatomy, function, and vascular status in candidates for kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy potential kidney donors (mean age: 47 +/- 14 [standard deviation] years, 3 men and 9 women) participated in the study, which was approved by the local ethics committee. MR-nephrography was performed using a navigator-gated T1-weighted saturation-recovery sequence (TrueFISP: TR/TE = 621.31 milliseconds/1.27 milliseconds, Flip angle = 70 degrees, TI = 300 milliseconds, BW = 977 Hz/Px, or TurboFLASH: TR/TE = 528 milliseconds/1.15 milliseconds, Flip angle = 8 degrees, TI = 300 milliseconds, BW = 600 Hz/Px). Images were acquired up to 60 minutes after the injection of 4 mL of gadobutrol. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was evaluated from the renal clearance of gadobutrol within the extra cellular fluid volume by exponential fitting of time-signal curves measured over the liver. MR-angiography was performed using a T1-weighted 3D-Flash sequence. The overall measuring time was 70 to 80 minutes. For each subject, GFR data were compared with the results of renal scintigraphy with Tc-labeled DTPA from the same day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kidney anatomy and vascular status were successfully assessed in all subjects. The results of MR-angiography were in excellent accordance with the surgical findings. MR-nephrography presented a good agreement to the scintigraphy (mean GFR from MR-nephrography = 117 +/- 24 mL/min per 1.73 m; mean GFR from scintigraphy = 116 +/- 26 mL/min per 1.73 m). The Bland-Altman-plot showed a mean difference in measurements pairs of -1 +/- 12 mL/min per 1.73 m. The absolute paired difference ranged between 0 and 22 mL/min per 1.73 m.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed the feasibility of the comprehensive assessment of renal anatomy, function, and vascular morphology, using 1 single MR examination. The proposed protocol may find immediate clinical application in the preoperative assessment of potential kidney donors.
authors.affiliation: Section of Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany. cristina.rossi@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boss
authors.forename: Ferruh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Artunc
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martirosian
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dittmann
authors.forename: Claus D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Claussen
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heyne
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.forename: Heinz-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schlemmer
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000473:pathology*