title: Immunotherapy of cancer.
abstract: Major advances have been made in the field of immunology in the past two decades. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling the immune system has opened the door to many innovative and promising new cancer therapies that manipulate the immune response. For instance, toll-like receptor agonists have been shown to boost immune responses toward tumors. Also, a wide array of cell-based immunotherapies utilizing T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells have been established. Furthermore, a rapidly expanding repertoire of monoclonal antibodies is being developed to treat tumors, and many of the available antibodies have demonstrated impressive clinical responses. Here, we examine some of these immunotherapeutic approaches currently in use or testing to treat cancer, and we examine available evidence with regards to mechanism and efficacy of these treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA. hossein.borghaei@fccc.edu
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Borghaei
authors.forename: Mitchell R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kerry S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000819:agonists
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors