title: Amyloid-beta(1-42), total tau, and phosphorylated tau as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To improve ante mortem diagnostic accuracy of Alzheimer disease (AD), measurement of the biomarkers amyloid-beta(1-42) (Abeta42), total tau (Tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine(181) (pTau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been proposed. We have used these markers and evaluated their performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2001 to January 2007, we assessed Abeta42, Tau, and pTau by commercial ELISAs in CSF from 248 consecutive AD patients and 131 patients with subjective memory complaints attending our outpatient memory clinic. Diagnoses were made blind to the results of the biomarker assays. We assessed sensitivity and specificity and analyzed trends over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interassay CVs from analysis of pools of surplus CSF specimens were mean 11.3% (SD 4.9%) for Abeta42; 9.3% (1.5%) for Tau, and 9.4% (2.5%) for pTau, respectively (n = 7-18). To achieve 85% sensitivity, cutoff values were 550 (95% CI 531-570) ng/L for Abeta42; 375 (325-405) ng/L for Tau, and 52 (48-56) ng/L for pTau. Corresponding specificities were 83% (95% CI 76%-89%) for Abeta42, 78% (70%-85%) for Tau, and 68% (60%-77%) for pTau. Logistic regression to investigate the simultaneous impact of the 3 CSF biomarkers on the diagnosis yielded a sensitivity of 93.5% and specificity of 82.7%, at a discrimination line of Abeta42 = 373 + 0.82 x Tau. The area under the ROC curves of Tau and pTau showed significant fluctuation over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSF biomarkers Abeta42 and Tau can be used as a diagnostic aid in AD. pTau did not have additional value over these 2 markers. Cutoff values, sensitivities, specificities, and discrimination lines depend on the patient groups studied and laboratory experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cees
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Nicolaas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Verwey
authors.forename: Wiesje M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: van der Flier
authors.forename: Femke H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Bouwman
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: Evert J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Elk
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheltens
authors.forename: Marinus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Blankenstein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins