title: Pleiotrophin induces neurite outgrowth and up-regulates growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 mRNA through the ALK/GSK3beta/beta-catenin signaling in developing mouse neurons.
abstract: Pleiotrophin (PTN) is highly expressed in the nervous system during embryogenesis; however, little is known about its functional role in neural development. By using whole mount in situ hybridization, we observed that the expression pattern of PTN was similar to that of Wnt3a; PTN mRNA was abundant in the nervous tissue along the dorsal midline and in the forelimb and hindlimb buds of embryonic mice (E8.5-E12.5). Treatment with recombinant PTN (100ng/ml) induced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), nuclear localization of beta-catenin and up-regulation of growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 mRNA in cultured embryonic mouse (E14.5) neurons. Furthermore, recombinant PTN enhanced neurite outgrowth from cortical explants embedded in Matrigel. These PTN-induced biochemical changes and neurite outgrowth were attenuated by the co-treatment with anti-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) antibodies, but not with anti-protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)zeta antibodies. These findings imply that ALK is involved in the PTN signaling on neural development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Morphology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komuta
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sango
mesh_terms: D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051177:Catenins / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D019922:GAP-43 Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D051177:Catenins; D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C066845:pleiotrophin; C000626174:Alk protein, mouse; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3