title: Can we personalize treatment for kidney diseases?
abstract: The idea of individualizing therapies to obtain optimal clinical results is not new but has only recently been applied to kidney diseases. Nonetheless, kidney disorders present a variety of opportunities to personalize medicine. Here, the heterogeneity of kidney disorders is reviewed to provide a rationale for pursuing personalized medicine. Data on adjusting therapy on the basis of pharmacogenetics/genomics and pharmacodynamics are summarized to demonstrate where the field is, and biomarker studies that reflect the future of personalized medicine are discussed. The goal of this review is to demonstrate that we can personalize therapy for kidney diseases but that considerable investment in new research will be required for personalized medicine to be routinely used in nephrology clinics.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus 43210, OH 43210, USA. rovin.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: Brad H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rovin
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Birmingham
mesh_terms: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000032:analysis; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000032:analysis; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000188:drug therapy; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine