title: Effectiveness and impact of hepatitis B virus vaccination of children with at least one parent born in a hepatitis B virus endemic country: an early assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness and impact of the Dutch childhood hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination policy targeted at children with at least one parent born in a HBV endemic country.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Dutch vaccination registration database was used to determine vaccine coverage for HBV and DTP-IPV-Hib in the target population. HBV notifications were used to estimate the impact. The HBV incidence was determined in children aged 0-4 years and born after (2003-7) and before (1990-2002) the introduction of the HBV vaccination programme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HBV vaccine coverage in the target population was 89.6% (96,186/107,338) in the period 2003-5. There were 37 notified acute infections in the pre-vaccination birth cohort 1990-2002 (incidence 2.9/10(6) person-years), compared with one in the post-vaccination birth cohort 2003-7 (incidence 0.3/10(6) person-years). The incidence rate ratio for the 2003-7 birth cohort compared with the 1990-2002 birth cohort was 0.12 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.87; p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper shows that the incidence of HBV notifications in children born after the introduction of targeted childhood HBV vaccinations is lower compared with the incidence in children born before the start of this vaccination programme. Although this is consistent with a good HBV vaccine coverage, the interpretation is hampered by a change in case definition for notification in 1999. The results are of importance to policy makers in both The Netherlands and other countries that have a targeted HBV vaccination programme.
authors.affiliation: RIVM, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hontelez
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hahné
authors.forename: Femke H D
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Koedijk
authors.forename: Hester E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: de Melker
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018563:Disease Notification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010290:Parents; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015995:Prevalence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012042:Registries; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: C513012:DTP-IPV-Hib vaccine; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D017778:Vaccines, Combined