title: Integrated analysis of copy number alterations and gene expression: a bivariate assessment of equally directed abnormalities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The analysis of a number of different genetic features like copy number (CN) variation, gene expression (GE) or loss of heterocygosity has considerably increased in recent years, as well as the number of available datasets. This is particularly due to the success of microarray technology. Thus, to understand mechanisms of disease pathogenesis on a molecular basis, e.g. in cancer research, the challenge of analyzing such different data types in an integrated way has become increasingly important. In order to tackle this problem, we propose a new procedure for an integrated analysis of two different data types that searches for genes and genetic regions which for both inputs display strong equally directed deviations from the reference median. We employ this approach, based on a modified correlation coefficient and an explorative Wilcoxon test, to find DNA regions of such abnormalities in GE and CN (e.g. underexpressed genes accompanied by a loss of DNA material).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In an application to acute myeloid leukemia, our procedure is able to identify various regions on different chromosomes with characteristic abnormalities in GE and CN data and shows a higher sensitivity to differences in abnormalities than standard approaches. While the results support various findings of previous studies, some new interesting DNA regions can be identified. In a simulation study, our procedure also shows more reliable results than standard approaches.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Code and data available as R packages edira and ediraAMLdata from http://www.statistik.tu-dortmund.de/~schaefer/
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  martin.schaefer@udo.edu
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Research Center 475, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany. martin.schaefer@udo.edu
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schwender
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merk
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haferlach
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ickstadt
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dugas
mesh_terms: D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity