title: Rhizosphere microbial densities and trace metal tolerance of the nickel hyperaccumulator Alyssum serpyllifolium subsp. lusitanicum.
abstract: In this study we determine culturable microbial densities (total heterotrophs, ammonifiers, amylolytics and cellulolytics) and bacterial resistance to Co, Cr, and Ni in bulk and rhizosphere soils of three populations of the Ni-hyperaccumulator Alyssum serpyllifolium subsp. lusitanicum and the excluder Dactylis glomerata from ultramafic sites (two populations in Northeast (NE) Portugal (Samil (S), Morais (M)) and one population in Northwest (NW) Spain (Melide (L)). The relationship between bioavailable metal concentrations (H2O-soluble) and microbial densities were analysed. Significant differences in microbial densities and metal-resistance were observed between the two species and their three populations. The hyperaccumulator showed higher microbial densities (except cellulolytics) and a greater rhizosphere effect, but this was only observed in S and M populations. These populations of A. serpyllifolium also showed selective enrichment of Ni-tolerant bacteria at the rhizosphere where Ni solubility was enhanced (densities of Ni-resistant bacteria were positively correlated with H2O-soluble Ni). These rhizobacteria could solubilise Ni in the soil and potentially improve phytoextraction strategies.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, CSIC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. cbecerra@iiag.csic.es
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becerra-Castro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monterroso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Lestón
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prieto-Fernández
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Acea
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Kidd
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014131:Trace Elements; D009532:Nickel