title: Noradrenaline induces IL-1ra and IL-1 type II receptor expression in primary glial cells and protects against IL-1beta-induced neurotoxicity.
abstract: The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) plays a key role in initiating an immune response within the central nervous system (CNS), and is thought to be a significant contributor to the neurodegenerative process. The actions of IL-1beta can be regulated by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), which prevents IL-1beta from acting on the IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI). Another negative regulator of the IL-1 system is the IL-1 type II receptor (IL-1RII); a decoy receptor that serves to sequester IL-1. Consequently, pharmacological strategies that tip the balance in favour of IL-1ra and IL-1RII may be of therapeutic benefit. Evidence suggests that the neurotransmitter noradrenaline elicits anti-inflammatory actions in the CNS, and consequently may play an endogenous neuroprotective role. Here we report that noradrenaline induces production of IL-1ra and IL-1RII from primary rat mixed glial cells. In contrast, noradrenaline did not alter IL-1beta expression, or expression of IL-1RI or the IL-1 type I receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcp); both of which are required for IL-1 signalling. Our results demonstrate that the ability of noradrenaline to induce IL-1ra and IL-1RII is mediated via beta-adrenoceptor activation and downstream activation of protein kinase A and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In parallel with its ability to increase IL-1ra and IL-1RII, noradrenaline prevented neurotoxicity in cortical primary neurons induced by conditioned medium from IL-1beta treated mixed glial cells. These data indicate that noradrenaline negatively regulates IL-1 system in glial cells and has neuroprotective properties in situations where IL-1 contributes to pathology.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Eoin N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: McNamee
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kilroy
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Connor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000633:toxicity*; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000378:metabolism; D053574:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D053574:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D009638:Norepinephrine