title: Technical transformation of biodefense vaccines.
abstract: Biodefense vaccines are developed against a diverse group of pathogens. Vaccines were developed for some of these pathogens a long time ago but they are facing new challenges to move beyond the old manufacturing technologies. New vaccines to be developed against other pathogens have to determine whether to follow traditional vaccination strategies or to seek new approaches. Advances in basic immunology and recombinant DNA technology have fundamentally transformed the process of formulating a vaccine concept, optimizing protective antigens, and selecting the most effective vaccine delivery approach for candidate biodefense vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. shan.lu@umassmed.edu
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shixia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001694:Biological Warfare / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000639:trends*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA