title: Recent trends and challenges in complex organ manufacturing.
abstract: Presently, there is a recognized and imperative need for bioartificial organs. The technological advances in transgenosis, tissue engineering, and rapid prototyping have led to the development of spatially complex tissues. An ideal artificial organ should provide nutrient transport system, mechanical stable architecture, and synergetic multicellular organization in one construct. The multinozzle rapid prototyping technique simultaneously assembles vascular systems including hierarchical multicellular structures in an automated and reproducible manner and offers an effective way for treating organ failures. In this article, a brief overview of the recent trends and outstanding challenges in organ manufacturing is provided. From the viewpoint of disciplinary crossing, integration, and development, future directions in the coming years were pointed out.
authors.affiliation: Center of Organ Manufacturing & Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yongnian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Renji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000825:Animal Structures / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*