Diagnosing lung cancer in exhaled breath using gold nanoparticles.
Conventional diagnostic methods for lung cancer are unsuitable for widespread screening because they are expensive and occasionally miss tumours. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry studies have shown that several volatile organic compounds, which normally appear at levels of 1-20 ppb in healthy human breath, are elevated to levels between 10 and 100 ppb in lung cancer patients. Here we show that an array of sensors based on gold nanoparticles can rapidly distinguish the breath of lung cancer patients from the breath of healthy individuals in an atmosphere of high humidity. In combination with solid-phase microextraction, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to identify 42 volatile organic compounds that represent lung cancer biomarkers. Four of these were used to train and optimize the sensors, demonstrating good agreement between patient and simulated breath samples. Our results show that sensors based on gold nanoparticles could form the basis of an inexpensive and non-invasive diagnostic tool for lung cancer.
Peng
Gang
G
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
Tisch
Ulrike
U
Adams
Orna
O
Hakim
Meggie
M
Shehada
Nisrean
N
Broza
Yoav Y
YY
Billan
Salem
S
Abdah-Bortnyak
Roxolyana
R
Kuten
Abraham
A
Haick
Hossam
H
D000328:Adult; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D045853:Exhalation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006046:Gold; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
D006046:Gold