title: The species sensitivity distribution approach compared to a microcosm study: a case study with the fungicide fluazinam.
abstract: We assessed the sensitivity of freshwater organisms (invertebrates and algae) to the fungicide Shirlan (active ingredient fluazinam) in single-species laboratory tests and in microcosms. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves were constructed by means of acute toxicity data for 14 invertebrate species, since algae were much less sensitive. The EC(10)-based SSD gave a median HC(5) value of 0.6microgL(-1) and a 90% confidence interval of 0.1-1.9 microgL(-1). The EC(50)-based SSD gave a median HC(5) value of 3.9 microgL(-1) (90% confidence interval: 0.9-9.9 microgL(-1)). The microcosms were treated four times with Shirlan (concentration range: 0.4-250 microgL(-1)). Responses of the microcosm communities were followed. The 2 microgL(-1) treatment was the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC(microcosm)). The 10 microgL(-1) treatment resulted in short-term effects on a few zooplankton taxa. Clear effects were observed at 50 and 250 microgL(-1). The responses in the microcosms were in line with the toxicity data for the tested lab species. The median EC(10)-based HC(5) and the lower limit EC(50)-based HC(5) were lower, and the median EC(50)-based HC(5) was slightly higher than the NOEC(microcosm). This is consistent with other studies that compared SSDs with responses in model ecosystems that received repeated applications of pesticides.
authors.affiliation: Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. rene.vanwijngaarden@wur.nl
authors.forename: R P A
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: van Wijngaarden
authors.forename: G H P
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Arts
authors.forename: J D M
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Belgers
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boonstra
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Roessink
authors.forename: A F W
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Schroer
authors.forename: T C M
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Brock
mesh_terms: D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects*; D056145:Freshwater Biology; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015048:Zooplankton / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C075780:fluazinam