title: Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combination chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment for extensive stage small celI lung cancer (SCLC) over the last 30 years even though it only gives a short prolongation in median survival time. The main goal for these patients should be palliation with the aim of improving their quality of life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of chemotherapy in extensive SCLC compared with best supportive care (BSC) or placebo treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE (1966 to July 2008), EMBASE (1974 to week 31, 2008), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, Issue 3, 2008). Experts in the field were contacted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials in which any chemotherapy treatment was compared with placebo or BSC in patients with extensive SCLC, as first or second therapy at relapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. We resolved disagreements by discussion. Additional information was obtained from one study author.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two studies were included for first-line chemotherapy. A total of 65 patients were randomised to receive either placebo or ifosfamide. Ifosfamide gave an extra mean survival of 78.5 days compared with placebo. Partial tumour response was greater with the active treatment. Toxicity was only seen in the chemotherapy group.Two studies were included for second-line chemotherapy at relapse. A total of 531 patients were randomised to receive either methotrexate-doxorubicin or symptomatic treatment, or to receive oral topotecan versus BSC. The methotrexate-doxorubicin treatment gave a median survival of 63 days longer than in the symptomatic treatment group, and 21 days longer for patients allocated to receive four or eight cycles of first-line chemotherapy, respectively.Treatment with topotecan gave a median survival of 84 days longer than in the BSC group (log-rank P = 0.01). The adjusted hazard ratio for overall survival was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.87). Partial or complete response in the methotrexate-doxorubicin group was 22.3%. Five patients (7%, 95% CI, 2.33 to 15.67) showed a partial response with topotecan. Toxicity was worst in the chemotherapy group. Quality of life was better in the topotecan group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemotherapeutic treatment prolongs survival in comparison with placebo in patients with advanced SCLC. Nevertheless, the impact of first-line chemotherapy on quality of life and in patients with poor prognosis is unknown. Well-designed, controlled trials are needed to further evaluate the risks and benefits of different chemotherapeutic schedules in patients with advanced SCLC.
authors.affiliation: Atención Primaria área 11, Conselleria Valenciana, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pelayo Alvarez
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gallego Rubio
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bonfill Cosp
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agra Varela
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis