title: The FTO gene rs9939609 obesity-risk allele and loss of control over eating.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with rs9939609 FTO variant alleles (homozygous = AA and heterozygous = AT) are predisposed to greater adiposity than are those with 2 wild-type alleles (TT).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Because FTO is highly expressed in hypothalamic regions that are important for appetite, FTO genotype may affect energy balance by influencing eating behavior. Loss of control (LOC) eating, a behavior commonly reported by overweight youth, predicts excessive weight gain in children. However, the relation between FTO genotype and LOC eating has not been previously examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred eighty-nine youth aged 6-19 y were genotyped for rs9939609, underwent body-composition measurements, and were interviewed to determine the presence or absence of LOC eating. A subset (n = 190) participated in a lunch buffet test meal designed to model an LOC eating episode. Subjects with AA and AT genotypes were grouped together for comparison with wild-type TT subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with at least one A allele (67.7%) had significantly greater body mass indexes, body mass index z scores (P < 0.01), and fat mass (P < 0.05). Of the AA/AT subjects, 34.7% reported LOC compared with 18.2% of the TT subjects (P = 0.002). Although total energy intake at the test meal did not differ significantly by genotype (P = 0.61), AA/AT subjects consumed a greater percentage of energy from fat than did the TT subjects (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children and adolescents with 1 or 2 FTO rs9939609 obesity-risk alleles report more frequent LOC eating episodes and select foods higher in fat at a buffet meal. Both LOC eating and more frequent selection of energy-dense, palatable foods may be mechanisms through which variant FTO alleles lead to excess body weight.
authors.affiliation: Unit on Growth and Obesity, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanofsky-Kraff
authors.forename: Joan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Kavitha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anandalingam
authors.forename: Lauren B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Shomaker
authors.forename: Kelli M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Columbo
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wolkoff
authors.forename: Merel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozlosky
authors.forename: Camden
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ranzenhofer
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Roza
authors.forename: Susan Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Yanovski
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yanovski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; D002648:Child; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; C526492:FTO protein, human