title: ABC triblock surface active block copolymer with grafted ethoxylated fluoroalkyl amphiphilic side chains for marine antifouling/fouling-release applications.
abstract: An amphiphilic triblock surface-active block copolymer (SABC) possessing ethoxylated fluoroalkyl side chains was synthesized through the chemical modification of a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polyisoprene polymer precursor. Bilayer coatings on glass slides consisting of a thin layer of the amphiphilic SABC spray coated on a thick layer of a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS) thermoplastic elastomer were prepared for biofouling assays with the green alga Ulva and the diatom Navicula. Dynamic water contact angle analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the surfaces. Additionally, the effect of the Young's modulus of the coating on the release properties of sporelings (young plants) of the green alga Ulva was examined through the use of two different SEBS thermoplastic elastomers possessing modulus values of an order of magnitude in difference. The amphiphilic SABC was found to reduce the settlement density of zoospores of Ulva as well as the strength of attachment of sporelings. The attachment strength of the sporelings was further reduced for the amphiphilic SABC on the "low"-modulus SEBS base layer. The weaker adhesion of diatoms, relative to a PDMS standard, further highlights the antifouling potential of this amphiphilic triblock hybrid copolymer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Bard Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Craig J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Weinman
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.forename: Daewon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Marvin Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Sitaraman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: Harihara S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dimitriou
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Maureen E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Callow
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Callow
authors.forename: Dale L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Handlin
authors.forename: Carl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ober
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D057219:Biofouling; D017377:Diatoms / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D013170:Spores / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D044445:Ulva / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D011108:Polymers; D011137:Polystyrenes; D014867:Water; D020959:Polyethylene