title: Efficacy of annual colonoscopic surveillance in individuals with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Individuals with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC; Lynch syndrome) have a high risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated the efficacy of annual surveillance colonoscopies to detect adenomas and CRCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, multicenter cohort study, 1126 individuals underwent 3474 colonoscopies. We considered individuals from 3 groups of HNPCC families: those with a pathogenic germline mutation in a mismatch repair gene (MUT group), those without a mutation but with microsatellite instability (MSI group), and those who fulfilled the Amsterdam criteria without microsatellite instability (MSS group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compliance to annual intervals was good, with 81% of colonoscopies completed within 15 months. Ninety-nine CRC events were observed in 90 patients. Seventeen CRCs (17%) were detected through symptoms (8 before baseline colonoscopy, 8 at intervals >15 months to the preceding colonoscopy, and 1 interval cancer). Only 2 of 43 CRCs detected by follow-up colonoscopy were regionally advanced. Tumor stages were significantly lower among CRCs detected by follow-up colonoscopies compared with CRCs detected by symptoms (P = .01). Cumulative CRC risk at the age of 60 years was similar in the MUT and MSI groups (23.0% combined; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.8%-31.2%) but considerably lower in the MSS group (1.8%; 95% CI, 0.0%-5.1%). Adenomas at baseline colonoscopy predicted an earlier occurrence of subsequent adenoma (hazard ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7-4.0) and CRC (hazard ratio, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.7-8.5), providing information about interindividual heterogeneity of adenomas and kinetics of CRC formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Annual colonoscopic surveillance is recommended for individuals with HNPCC. Less intense surveillance might be appropriate for MSS families.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. christoph.engel@imise.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rahner
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schulmann
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holinski-Feder
authors.forename: Timm O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Goecke
authors.forename: Hans K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Schackert
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kloor
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Steinke
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vogelsang
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Möslein
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Görgens
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dechant
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Knebel Doeberitz
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rüschoff
authors.forename: Nicolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Friedrichs
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Büttner
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loeffler
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Propping
authors.forename: Wolff
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schmiegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index