title: Glycans on influenza hemagglutinin affect receptor binding and immune response.
abstract: Recent cases of avian influenza H5N1 and the swine-origin 2009 H1N1 have caused a great concern that a global disaster like the 1918 influenza pandemic may occur again. Viral transmission begins with a critical interaction between hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein, which is on the viral coat of influenza, and sialic acid (SA) containing glycans, which are on the host cell surface. To elucidate the role of HA glycosylation in this important interaction, various defined HA glycoforms were prepared, and their binding affinity and specificity were studied by using a synthetic SA microarray. Truncation of the N-glycan structures on HA increased SA binding affinities while decreasing specificity toward disparate SA ligands. The contribution of each monosaccharide and sulfate group within SA ligand structures to HA binding energy was quantitatively dissected. It was found that the sulfate group adds nearly 100-fold (2.04 kcal/mol) in binding energy to fully glycosylated HA, and so does the biantennary glycan to the monoglycosylated HA glycoform. Antibodies raised against HA protein bearing only a single N-linked GlcNAc at each glycosylation site showed better binding affinity and neutralization activity against influenza subtypes than the fully glycosylated HAs elicited. Thus, removal of structurally nonessential glycans on viral surface glycoproteins may be a very effective and general approach for vaccine design against influenza and other human viruses.
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Juine-Ruey
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yung-Chieh
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Che-Hsiung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Yu-Fu
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Shih-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chin-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kay-Hooi
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Ting-Jen
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yih-Shyun E
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jia-Tsrong
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: Chung-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Che
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Chi-Huey
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D054794:Glycomics; D006031:Glycosylation; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011991:Receptors, Virus