title: Long-term surgical outcomes of temporal lobe epilepsy associated with low-grade brain tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor-related temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has a high likelihood of medical intractability and requires surgical treatment. The aims of this study were to analyze the long-term surgical outcomes of and to present appropriate surgical strategies for tumor-related TLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 87 consecutive patients diagnosed with tumor-related TLE were analyzed. The median age at surgery was 22 years. Sixteen patients had a tumor confined to the amygdala or the parahippocampal gyrus, and 10 of them received a tailored lesionectomy without hippocampectomy. The surgical outcome was evaluated based on 3 aspects: seizure control, tumor control, and discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The actuarial seizure and tumor control rates at the fifth year postoperatively were 79% and 90%, respectively. Seizure control was highly correlated with tumor control. The following factors were found to be significantly associated with poor seizure control: duration of epilepsy>10 years, presence of a remote focus on surface electroencephalography, and incomplete tumor removal. The actuarial AED maintenance rates were 47% at the second year and 11% at the fifth year. The median time to AED discontinuation was 22 months. A younger age at surgery was found to be significantly associated with an increased chance of AED discontinuation. Tailored resection focusing on the tumor resulted in a favorable outcome, even for tumors confined to the amygdala or the parahippocampal gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical treatment of tumor-related TLE resulted in long-term seizure control in the majority of patients. Maximal tumor removal can be recommended for tumor-related TLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Phi
authors.forename: Seung-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Kyu
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Su Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung-joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang Kun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ki Joong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chun Kee
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants