title: Development of a quantitative Real-Time TaqMan PCR assay for determination of the minimal dose of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain 116 required to induce pneumonia in SPF pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A triplex real-time PCR assay to quantify Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in specimens from live and dead pigs was developed and validated. The minimal dose of Myc. hyopneumoniae required to induce pneumonia in specific pathogen-free pigs was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This TaqMan test simultaneously detected three genes encoding the proteins P46, P97 and P102. All Myc. hyopneumoniae strains analysed were detected, including strains isolated in three countries (France, England and Switzerland) and from several pig farms (n = 33), and the test was specific. The estimated detection thresholds were 1.3 genome equivalents (microl(-1)) for the targets defined in p97 and p102 genes and 13 genome equivalents (microl(-1)) for the segment defined in the p46 gene. This test was used to quantify Myc. hyopneumoniae in specimens sampled from experimentally infected pigs. In live pigs, c. 10(7), 10(8) and 10(10) genome equivalents (ml(-1)) of Myc. hyopneumoniae were detected in the nasal cavities, tonsils and trachea samples, respectively. In dead pigs, 10(8)-10(10) genome equivalents (ml(-1)) of Myc. hyopneumoniae were detected in the lung tissue with pneumonia. The estimated minimal dose of Myc. hyopneumoniae required to induce pneumonia was 10(5) colour-changing units (CCU) per pig (corresponding to 10(8) mycoplasmas).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The triplex RT-PCR test was validated and can be used for testing samples taken on the pig farms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This test should be a very useful tool in pig herds to control enzootic pneumonia or healthy carrier pigs and to study the dynamics of Myc. hyopneumoniae infections.
authors.affiliation: Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Unité de Mycoplasmologie-Bactériologie, Ploufragan, France. c.marois@ploufragan.afssa.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marois
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dory
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fablet
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Madec
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobisch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D045705:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D045729:Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins