title: Fever in the test tube--towards a human(e) pyrogen test.
abstract: The human whole blood IL-1 test exploits the reaction of monocytes/macrophages for the detection of pyrogens: human whole blood taken from healthy volunteers is incubated in the presence of the test sample in any form, be it a solution, a powder or even solid material. Pyrogenic contaminations initiate the release of the "endogenous pyrogen" Interleukin-1beta determined by ELISA after incubation. In order to understand any differences between the pyrogenic activity in this test and the existing live rabbit test (species differences versus aberrant response of the particular blood sample), the rabbit whole blood test was developed. This approach could also help to avoid the use of putatively infectious human blood for pyrogen testing in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fennrich
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crameri
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Jungi
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Montag
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hartung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D005334:Fever / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000494:pharmacology; D009181:Mycoses / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D011749:Pyrogens / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D011749:Pyrogens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C060166:pentaglobulin