title: Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity is associated with gastroesophageal disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Mexico, more than 80% of the population is infected with Helicobacter pylori. The frequency of H. pylori detection in the oral cavity is unknown, as its relationship with gastroesophageal pathology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To detect the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity in Mexican population by PCR and to determine its association with gastroesophageal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were divided into two groups with different clinic conditions from whom gastric biopsy, dental plaque, and saliva samples were taken and analyzed. The first group comprised of hospitalized patients, the majority of whom were diagnosed with gastroesophageal disease, while the second group was selected from a dental clinic (ambulatory population) the majority of whom appeared to be healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H. pylori was detected in gastric biopsy, dental plaque and saliva samples by PCR using a set of specific primers for the signal sequence of the vacuolating cytotoxin gene; detection of H. pylori in general was higher in gastric biopsy and dental plaque samples than in saliva samples. Detection of H. pylori in the oral cavity is significantly (P = 0.0001) associated with patients presenting gastroesophageal disease, while healthy subjects and those with other non-gastric disease do not present with H. pylori in their oral cavity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H. pylori detection in the oral cavity is associated to gastroesophageal disease. In addition, it is suggested that all patients presenting gastric symptoms and H. pylori detection in the oral cavity would begin bacterial treatment immediately.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. marosari@servidor.unam.mx
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morales-Espinosa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Presas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Valencia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flores-Hernandez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delgado-Sapien
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mendez-Sanchez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Quezada
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Pérez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leon-Aguilar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Guerrero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cravioto
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial