title: Quantifying the attachment strength of climbing plants: a new approach.
abstract: In order to grow vertically, it is essential for climbing plants to firmly attach to their supporting structures. In climbing plants, different strategies for permanent attachment can be distinguished. Besides twining stems and tendrils, many plants use attachment pads or attachment roots for this purpose. Using a novel custom-built tensile testing setup, the mechanical properties of different permanent attachment structures of self-clinging plant species were investigated, namely the attachment pads of Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), the attachment roots of ivy (Hedera helix) and the clustered attachment roots of trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans). Force-displacement measurements of individual attachment pads as well as of complete structures consisting of several pads or roots were conducted for both natural and laboratory growth conditions. The shapes of the curves and the maximum forces determined indicate clear differences in the detachment process for the different plants and structures tested. Based on these findings, it is argued that the attachment structures are displacement-optimized rather than force-optimized.
authors.affiliation: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Materialforschung und Institut für Zuverlässigkeit von Bauteilen und Systemen, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steinbrecher
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Danninger
authors.forename: Deane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Speck
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwaiger
mesh_terms: D029402:Bignoniaceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D018533:Biomass; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D035981:Hedera / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000502:physiology; D027844:Vitaceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology