title: Basis for immunization recommendations among countries of the worldHealth Organization European region.
abstract: Despite World Health Organization (WHO) goals to reduce the incidence of several vaccine preventable diseases across the European region, the adoption of new vaccines has been slower than expected. To identify factors that influence the decision to recommend new vaccines, especially hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae, type b (Hib) vaccines, we studied the factors used in immunization decision-making across this region. A structured questionnaire was sent to the Immunization Program Manager of each country with the option to return the completed survey by e-mail, fax or complete a web-based survey. Frequency distributions were explored for all survey items. Bivariate analysis was conducted to assess differences between countries by economic status. Of the 47 (89%) countries responding, the majority reported vaccine safety (91%), epidemiology of disease (85%), and the severity of disease prevented (74%) as very important factors when making immunization recommendations. Half of the countries reported the cost of disease burden and cost-effectiveness data were very important financial information when implementing vaccine recommendations. While no significant difference was seen by economic status in countries recommending hepatitis B vaccine (p = 0.1129), high economic status countries were significantly more likely to report Hib vaccine is part of the country's recommended schedule (p = 0.0011). Understanding the importance of the factors considered by countries when making national immunization recommendation decisions can aid public health experts in providing countries with information needed to support these decisions.
authors.affiliation: Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. andreae@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Margie C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Andreae
authors.forename: Kara E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lamarand
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Freed
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D007114:Immunization / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D014944:World Health Organization