title: Correlates of forced sex among populations of men who have sex with men in Thailand.
abstract: Although forced sex is a correlate of HIV infection, its prevalence and associated risks are not well described among men who have sex with men (MSM) in developing-country settings. Between March and October 2005, we assessed the prevalence of forced sex and correlates among populations of MSM (this includes general MSM, male sex workers, and male-to-female transgender persons) in Thailand using a community-based sample. Participants were enrolled from venues around Bangkok, Chiangmai, and Phuket using venue day-time sampling. Handheld computer-assisted self-interviewing was used to collect demographic and behavioral data and logistic regression evaluated factors associated with forced sex, defined as ever being forced to have sexual intercourse against one's will. Of the 2,049 participants (M age, 24.8 years), a history of forced sex was reported by 376 (18.4%) men and, of these, most were forced by someone they knew (83.8%), forced more than once (67.3%), and had first occurrence during adolescence (55.1%). In multivariate analysis, having a history of forced sex was significantly associated with being recruited in Phuket, classification as general MSM or transgender (versus classification as male sex worker), drug use, increased number of male sexual partners, and buying sex. The findings in our assessment were consistent with assessments from Western countries. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of the relationships between forced sex correlates found in our assessment and HIV acquisition and transmission risks.
authors.affiliation: Thailand Ministry of Public Health-U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Guadamuz
authors.forename: Wipas
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wimonsate
authors.forename: Anchalee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varangrat
authors.forename: Praphan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Phanuphak
authors.forename: Rapeepun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jommaroeng
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mock
authors.forename: Jordan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tappero
authors.forename: Frits
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Griensven
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D011477:Sex Work / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012747:Sexual Partners; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000523:psychology