title: PAI-1 and D-dimer in type 2 diabetic women with asymptomatic macrovascular disease assessed by carotid Doppler.
abstract: Asymptomatic diabetic patients with different degrees of macrovascular complications can present different hemostatic changes. At this study, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and D-dimer were evaluated in 12 women without diabetes and 64 type 2 diabetic women. All patients were classified into 3 different categories according to the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) assessed by Doppler: 25 with <1 mm (normal), 15 with >1 mm and without plaque (intermediate), and 24 with stenosis lower than 50% of the vessel lumen (plaque). The results showed increased plasma D-dimer in type 2 diabetic women with carotid plaque when compared to the other groups. High levels of PAI-1 were observed in all the 3 groups of diabetic women when compared to women without diabetes. Our results suggest that high levels of PAI-1 in type 2 diabetic women are only associated with diabetes and are not associated with macrovascular progression; however, it seems that D-dimer plasma levels are associated with carotid plaque.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Letícia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Pedro Wesley
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Rosário
authors.forename: Michelle Aparecida Ribeiro
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Marinez Oliveira
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Ana Paula Salles
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Maria das Graças Moura
authors.initials: Md
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; C036309:fibrin fragment D