title: Efficiency of a skeletonized distal jet appliance supported by miniscrew anchorage for noncompliance maxillary molar distalization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional anchorage appliances rely exclusively on intraoral anchorage for noncompliance molar distalization. The partial coverage of the palate, in particular, often results in compromised oral hygiene. An innovative alternative combines a skeletonized distal jet appliance with 2 paramedian miniscrews for additional anchorage. The objectives of this study were to investigate the suitability of the skeletonized distal jet for translatory molar distalization and to check the quality of the supporting anchorage setup.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two paramedian miniscrews (length, 8-9 mm; diameter, 1.6 mm) were placed into the anterior area of the palate in 10 patients. Skeletonized distal jet appliances fitted with composite to the first premolars and the collars of the miniscrews were used for bilateral molar distalization, and the coil springs were activated with a distalization force of 200 cN on each side.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study confirmed the suitability of the appliance for translatory molar distalization (3.92 +/- 0.53 mm) with slight mesial inward rotation (on average, 8.35 degrees +/- 7.66 degrees and 7.88 degrees +/- 5.50 degrees ). The forces acting reciprocally on the anchorage setup were largely absorbed by the anchorage unit involving 2 anchorage teeth and 2 miniscrews. Significant anchorage loss, in the form of first premolar mesialization of 0.72 +/- 0.78 mm, was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The skeletonized distal jet appliance supported by additional miniscrew anchorage allows translatory molar distalization. Although the anchorage design combining 2 miniscrews at a paramedian location and the periodontium of 2 anchorage teeth does not offer the quality of stationary anchorage, it achieves greater molar distalization in total sagittal movement than conventional anchorage designs with an acrylic button.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany. Kinzinger@kfo-homburg.de
authors.forename: Gero S M
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kinzinger
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gülden
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yildizhan
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Diedrich
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D001863:Bone Screws; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology*; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010159:Palate / Q000473:pathology; D012399:Rotation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials