title: Dissolution of a new explosive formulation containing TNT and HMX: comparison with octol.
abstract: GIM (Greener Insensitive Material) is a new explosive formulation made of HMX (51.5%), TNT (40.7%), and a binder, ETPE (7.8%), which is currently investigated by the Canadian Department of National Defense for a wider use by the Army. In the present study, dissolution of GIM in water was measured and compared to the dissolution of octol (HMX/TNT: 70/30). Although the presence of ETPE did not prevent completely TNT and HMX from dissolving, GIM appeared to dissolve more slowly than octol. The ETPE was shown to prevent the formulation particles from collapsing and to retard the dissolution of both TNT and HMX by limiting their exposure to water. In both octol and GIM, the dissolution rate of the particles was governed by the compound(s) that are slower to dissolve, i.e. HMX in octol, and HMX and ETPE in GIM. A model based on Fick's diffusion law allowed fitting well the dissolution data of octol but was less appropriate to fit the data of GIM likely due to a physical rearrangement of the solid upon dissolution. The present findings demonstrate that ETPE in GIM decreases the risks of explosives leakage from particles of the new formulation and should facilitate the collecting of non-exploded GIM particles in training sites.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. Fanny.Monteil@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monteil-Rivera
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deschamps
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ampleman
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thiboutot
authors.forename: Jalal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hawari
mesh_terms: D001392:Azocines / Q000737:chemistry*; D053834:Explosive Agents; D007700:Kinetics; D012995:Solubility; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001392:Azocines; D053834:Explosive Agents; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; C007950:octogen