title: Depression and comorbid panic in primary care patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comorbid panic symptoms may complicate depression treatment. However, most research focuses on specialty care, and the evidence in primary care is mixed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from a randomized trial investigating Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Treatment, a longitudinal effectiveness study comparing 3 SSRIs for the treatment of depression in primary care (n = 573). Depression at month 6 was measured using the Symptom Checklist-20; remission was defined as a score < or = 0.5; partial response was defined as > or = 50% improvement but not to a level of < or = 0.5. Nonresponse, the referent level for all analyses, was defined as patients who do not meet either of these criteria. Panic symptoms (yes/no) were measured using a screening question.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of remission vs. nonresponse [OR=1.06 (95% confidence interval 0.67, 1.67)] or partial response vs. nonresponse [OR=0.92 (95% CI 0.54, 1.57)] were similar among patients with baseline panic symptoms, adjusting for baseline depression severity. However, patients with persistent panic symptoms were less likely to experience remission (OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.18, 0.81), while the lower likelihood of partial response did not achieve statistical significance (0.66, 95% CI 0.33, 1.33). Results were similar using complete case, last observation carried forward, and multiple imputation methods, and were robust to varying the sensitivity and specificity of the panic screening question.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Panic symptoms that persist are associated with worse depression outcomes in the maintenance phase. Consequently, improvement in panic symptoms may be important for improved depression outcomes and primary care physicians should be attuned to the presence of panic symptoms when making treatment decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. ad65615@gsk.com
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: DeVeaugh-Geiss
authors.forename: Suzanne L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sleath
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kroenke
authors.forename: Bradley N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Gaynes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D017374:Paroxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D020280:Sertraline