title: Mitigating contrast-induced acute kidney injury associated with cardiac catheterization.
abstract: Contrast-induced nephropathy, also referred to as contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI), is among the most common causes of AKI, especially in patients with underlying chronic kidney disease. In addition to the increased cost engendered by the development of CIAKI, several studies have suggested the occurrence of AKI after cardiac procedures is associated with an increase in both morbidity and mortality. This increase in morbidity and mortality occurs after both intravenous and intra-arterial studies. This review focuses on relevant proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, and current prophylactic strategies, which may reduce the incidence of CIAKI during cardiac angiographic imaging studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nunag
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brogan
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garrick
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003287:Contrast Media; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D000111:Acetylcysteine