Brd4 marks select genes on mitotic chromatin and directs postmitotic transcription.
On entry into mitosis, many transcription factors dissociate from chromatin, resulting in global transcriptional shutdown. During mitosis, some genes are marked to ensure the inheritance of their expression in the next generation of cells. The nature of mitotic gene marking, however, has been obscure. Brd4 is a double bromodomain protein that localizes to chromosomes during mitosis and is implicated in holding mitotic memory. In interphase, Brd4 interacts with P-TEFb and functions as a global transcriptional coactivator. We found that throughout mitosis, Brd4 remained bound to the transcription start sites of many M/G1 genes that are programmed to be expressed at the end of, or immediately after mitosis. In contrast, Brd4 did not bind to genes that are expressed at later phases of cell cycle. Brd4 binding to M/G1 genes increased at telophase, the end phase of mitosis, coinciding with increased acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in these genes. Increased Brd4 binding was accompanied by the recruitment of P-TEFb and de novo M/G1 gene transcription, the events impaired in Brd4 knockdown cells. In sum, Brd4 marks M/G1 genes for transcriptional memory during mitosis, and upon exiting mitosis, this mark acts as a signal for initiating their prompt transcription in daughter cells.
Dey
Anup
A
Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Nishiyama
Akira
A
Karpova
Tatiana
T
McNally
James
J
Ozato
Keiko
K
D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004257:DNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics*; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042925:Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013692:Telophase / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D050257:Tubulin Modulators / Q000378:metabolism; D000092468:Bromodomain Containing Proteins
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004257:DNA Polymerase II; D006657:Histones; D015739:Nocodazole; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D042925:Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050257:Tubulin Modulators; C490844:Brd2 protein, mouse; D000092468:Bromodomain Containing Proteins; C486694:Brd4 protein, mouse