title: Hospitalisation and resource utilisation in patients with schizophrenia following initiation of risperidone long-acting therapy in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine hospitalisation rates and resource utilisation following initiation of risperidone long-acting therapy (RLAT) among US veterans with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Encounter data were analysed from the Ohio Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System. Adult patients (schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder) with ≥1 medical or hospital visits with a diagnosis code of 295.xx, continuous enrolment from January 2003 through January 2006, and ≥4 injections of RLAT were selected. Analyses compared psychiatric-related resource utilisation pre- and post-exposure to RLAT; each patient served as his/her own control. The pre-exposure and post-exposure periods defined were equal in duration (e.g., a 6-month post-exposure period was matched with a 6-month pre-exposure period). Descriptive and comparative analyses (paired t tests, McNemar's test) were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (n=106) were 51.9 years old (+/-10.2), male (93%), white (73%) and received on average 14 RLAT doses (+/-9.7; range, 4-47 injections) over 309 days (+/-196; range, 42-737 days). Most experienced a psychiatric-related hospitalisation prior to initiation; less than half experienced hospitalisation after initiation (75% vs. 42%; p<0.001). Relative to pre-initiation, fewer psychiatric-related hospitalisations (mean [SD] change, -0.8 [2.0]; p<0.001), shorter length of stay (-25 [63.6] days; p<0.001), fewer inpatient days/month (-3.1 [7.2] days) and one (2.8) additional outpatient visit/month (p<0.001) occurred post-initiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of a control group in this pre-/post comparison may have resulted in exposure to a regression to the mean effect. Also, this study evaluated only one cohort of patients in a VA healthcare setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VA patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder treated with RLAT experienced fewer hospitalisations and psychiatric-related inpatient days following RLAT initiation. Further studies utilising a control group and in non-VA populations are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Services, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Brecksville, OH, USA. matthew.fuller@va.gov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shermock
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Secic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dirani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vallow
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flanders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009820:Ohio; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D058014:Veterans Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D018967:Risperidone