Potent antifouling compounds produced by marine Streptomyces.
Biofouling causes huge economic loss and a recent global ban on organotin compounds as antifouling agents has increased the need for safe and effective antifouling compounds. Five structurally similar compounds were isolated from the crude extract of a marine Streptomyces strain obtained from deep-sea sediments. Antifouling activities of these five compounds and four other structurally-related compounds isolated from a North Sea Streptomyces strain against major fouling organisms were compared to probe structure-activity relationships of compounds. The functional moiety responsible for antifouling activity lies in the 2-furanone ring and that the lipophilicity of compounds substantially affects their antifouling activities. Based on these findings, a compound with a straight alkyl side-chain was synthesized and proved itself as a very effective non-toxic, anti-larval settlement agent against three major fouling organisms. The strong antifouling activity, relatively low toxicity, and simple structures of these compounds make them promising candidates for new antifouling additives.
Xu
Ying
Y
KAUST Global Academic Partnership Program, Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
He
Hongping
H
Schulz
Stefan
S
Liu
Xin
X
Fusetani
Nobushino
N
Xiong
Hairong
H
Xiao
Xiang
X
Qian
Pei-Yuan
PY
D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D045424:Complex Mixtures