title: Interleukin-19 protects mice from innate-mediated colonic inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from the chronic dysregulation of the mucosal immune system and the aberrant activation of both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. We used two complementary models of colonic inflammation to examine the roles of interleukin (IL)-19 in colonic inflammation and thus its possible role in IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using gene-targeting, we generated IL-19-deficient mice. To study the activation of the innate immune response during colonic inflammation we characterized an innate immune-mediated model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). DSS can induce not only acute colitis but also chronic colitis. In addition to the acute DSS-induced colitis model, we used a chronic DSS-induced colitis model that is associated with the activation of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines as well as innate immune response in the colon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that IL-19-deficient mice are more susceptible to experimental acute colitis induced by DSS, and this increased susceptibility is correlated with the accumulation of macrophages and the increased production of IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and KC. Additionally, cytokine production in IL-19-deficient macrophages was enhanced on stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through reduced phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. Moreover, our results clearly demonstrate that IL-19 is required for B-cell infiltration during chronic DSS-induced colitis, which may be mediated by IL-13 and IL-6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding that IL-19 drives pathogenic innate immune responses in the colon suggests that the selective targeting of IL-19 may be an effective therapeutic approach in the treatment of human IBD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan. azuma@vet.osakafu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasu-Taka
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwamura
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Yancopoulos
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Hidemitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karow
authors.forename: Tadayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D007378:Interleukins; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C498891:Il19 protein, mouse; D007378:Interleukins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D016264:Dextran Sulfate