title: Scleral reinforcement through host tissue integration with biomimetic enzymatically degradable semi-interpenetrating polymer network.
abstract: Enzymatically degradable semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (edsIPNs) were explored for their biocompatibility and ability to promote new scleral tissue growth, as a means of reinforcing the posterior wall of the eye. The edsIPNs comprised thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid), customizable peptide crosslinkers cleavable by matrix metalloproteinases, and interpenetrating linear poly(acrylic acid)-graft-peptide chains to engage with cell surface receptors. Rheological studies revealed an increase in stiffness at body temperature; the complex shear modulus |G*| was 14.13 +/- 6.13 Pa at 22 degrees C and 63.18 +/- 12.24 Pa at 37 degrees C, compatible with injection at room temperature. Primary chick scleral fibroblasts and chondrocytes cultured on edsIPN increased by 15.1- and 11.1-fold, respectively, over 11 days; both exhibited delayed onset of exponential growth compared with the cells plated on tissue culture polystyrene. The edsIPN was delivered by retrobulbar injection (100 microL) to nine 2-week-old chicks to assess biocompatibility in vivo. Ocular axial dimensions were assessed using A-scan ultrasonography over 28 days, after which eyes were processed for histological analysis. Although edsIPN injections did not affect the rate of ocular elongation, the outer fibrous sclera showed significant thickening. The demonstration that injectable biomimetic edsIPNs stimulate scleral fibrous tissue growth represents proof-of-principle for a novel approach for scleral reinforcement and a potential therapy for high myopia.
authors.affiliation: Vision Science Group, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2020, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Samuel T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: Christine F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wildsoet
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007267:Injections; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects; D012212:Rheology / Q000187:drug effects; D012590:Sclera / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D000180:Acrylic Resins; D004798:Enzymes; D010455:Peptides