title: Automutanolysin disrupts clinical isolates of cariogenic streptococci in biofilms and planktonic cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dental caries remains one of the most common chronic infectious diseases throughout the world. The formation of dental plaque is one of the caries risk factors. As a consequence, the removal of plaque may reduce the incidence of caries development. We identified an autolysin produced by Streptococcus mutans named auto-mutanolysin (Aml). Aml selectively lyses S. mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. The specificity towards these cariogenic bacteria suggests that Aml may be used to prevent dental caries. Here, with the aim towards therapeutic application, we investigated the lytic activity of Aml against clinical isolates of S. mutans and S. sobrinus using planktonic cells and biofilms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Planktonic cell suspensions and biofilms of clinically isolated streptococci were treated with Aml in the absence or the presence of Triton X-100. The lytic activity of Aml was monitored as the change in turbidity. The disruption of biofilms was evaluated by detecting the released DNA by polymerase chain reaction and observing the alteration of optical density of treated biofilms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Triton X-100 enhances the lytic ability of Aml. Using planktonic cells, Aml had various lysis levels against clinical strains. Repeated Aml treatment showed disruption of the biofilm using the representative clinical strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that Aml has an ability to lyse planktonic and biofilm cells of clinically isolated mutans streptococci in the presence of Triton X-100. These results suggest the possibility of using Aml as an alternative or additional approach for caries prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thanyasrisung
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsuzawa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kozai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugai
mesh_terms: D001433:Bacteriolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D009238:N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009238:N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase