title: Gender attitudes, sexual violence, and HIV/AIDS risks among men and women in Cape Town, South Africa.
abstract: This study examined gender attitudes and sexual violence-supportive beliefs (rape myths) in a sample of South African men and women at risk for HIV transmission. Over 40% of women and 16% of men had been sexually assaulted, and more than one in five men openly admitted to having perpetrated sexual assault. Traditional attitudes toward women's social and gender roles, as well as rape myths, were endorsed by a significant minority of both men and women. Multivariate analyses showed that for men, sexual assault history and rape myth acceptance, along with alcohol and other drug use history, were significantly related to cumulative risks for HIV infection. In contrast, although we found that women were at substantial risk for sexually transmitted infection (STI), including HIV, women's risks were only related to lower levels of education and alcohol use history. We speculate that women's risks for STI/HIV are the product of partner characteristics and male-dominated relationships, suggesting the critical importance of intervening with men to reduce women's risks for sexual assault and STI/HIV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, 406 Babbidge Road, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. seth.k@uconn.edu
authors.forename: Seth C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kalichman
authors.forename: Leickness C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Simbayi
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Demetria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: Chauncey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cherry
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jooste
authors.forename: Vuyisile
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mathiti
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000635:transmission*; D001290:Attitude; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000635:transmission*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000635:transmission; D013019:South Africa; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data