title: When energy balance is maintained, exercise does not induce negative fat balance in lean sedentary, obese sedentary, or lean endurance-trained individuals.
abstract: Fat oxidation during exercise is increased by endurance training, and evidence suggests that fat oxidation during exercise is impaired in obesity. Thus the primary aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of exercise on 24-h fat oxidation and fat balance in lean sedentary [LS, n = 10, body mass index (BMI) = 22.5 +/- 6.5 kg/m(2)], lean endurance-trained (LT, n = 10, BMI = 21.2 +/- 1.2 kg/m(2)), and obese sedentary (OS, n = 7, BMI = 35.5 +/- 4.4 kg/m(2)) men and women. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured under sedentary (control; CON) and exercise (EX) conditions while maintaining energy balance. During EX, subjects performed 1 h of stationary cycling at 55% of aerobic capacity. Twenty-four-hour fat oxidation did not differ on the CON or EX day in LS (43 +/- 9 vs. 29 +/- 7 g/day, respectively), LT (53 +/- 8 vs. 42 +/- 5 g/day), or OS (58 +/- 7 vs. 80 +/- 9 g/day). However, 24-h fat balance was significantly more positive on EX compared with CON (P < 0.01). Twenty-four-hour glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) profiles were similar on the EX and CON days, but after consumption of the first meal, FFA concentrations remained below fasting levels for the remainder of the day. These data suggest that when exercise is performed with energy replacement (i.e., energy balance is maintained), 24-h fat oxidation does not increase and in fact, may be slightly decreased. It appears that the state of energy balance is an underappreciated factor determining the impact of exercise on fat oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80045, USA. Ed.melanson@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Edward L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Melanson
authors.forename: Wendolyn S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Gozansky
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Maclean
authors.forename: Gary K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Grunwald
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002151:Calorimetry; D004032:Diet; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D018579:Patient Selection; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007328:Insulin; D005990:Glycerol