Treatment of injectable soft tissue filler complications.
BACKGROUND
Increasing use of dermal fillers, especially with the U.S. introduction of long-term and permanent fillers, is expected to increase the number of complications seen after treatment with these materials.


OBJECTIVE
To provide physicians with an overview for treatment of dermal filler complications.


RESULTS
Complications of dermal filler use can be treated successfully based on a firm understanding of the mechanisms and limitations of filler action and wound healing. Complications can be classified as immediate, early, or delayed onset; available treatment options are presented.


CONCLUSIONS
Short- and long-term dermal fillers are increasingly becoming popular treatment options for signs of facial aging. Complications, although not common, can be treated effectively and excellent outcomes achieved.
Sclafani
Anthony P
AP
Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY 10003, USA. asclafani@nyee.edu
Fagien
Steven
S
D020341:Absorbable Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000799:Angioedema / Q000628:therapy; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004322:Drainage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004890:Erythema / Q000628:therapy; D005145:Face; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008405:Massage; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015595:Skin Aging; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase