title: An unusual case of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis caused by uretero-vesico malakoplakia in a young male: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malakoplakia is an unusual chronic inflammatory disease. Malakoplakia of the bladder and ureter is quite rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case of a young male diagnosed as malakoplakia of urinary bladder and ureter. He presented with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. The patient underwent left ureterocystotomy. Again, he was admitted after a gap of ten years and with features of end stage renal disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This rare case of urinary bladder and ureter malakoplakia in a young male is presented, to stress upon the fact that though it is a chronic inflammatory disease, yet its outcome over the years is dismal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sri Venketeswar Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh-517507, India. rashmipatnayak2002@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patnayak
authors.forename: Mandyam Kumaraswamy
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Srinivasn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Amitabh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jena
authors.forename: Gangi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravisankar
authors.forename: Rambabu Satya
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dandu