title: Platelet protein disulfide isomerase is localized in the dense tubular system and does not become surface expressed after activation.
abstract: Evidence is accumulating that circulating tissue factor (TF) contributes to the initiation of coagulation and the formation of fibrin. The majority of circulating TF is cryptic, and it has been suggested that close vicinity with anionic phospholipids on the cell surface increases the active conformation of TF. Two recent papers have shown that encryption of TF and initiation of coagulation are facilitated by the enzyme protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), possibly on the surface of activated platelets or endothelial cells. In this brief report, we demonstrate that the majority of PDI in platelets is intracellular where it is exclusively located in the dense tubular system. On activation, PDI remains confined to the intracellular stores of the dense tubular system and is neither released nor targeted to the cell surface. Similar results were obtained in endothelium where PDI remains exclusively localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, both at steady state and after thrombin stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Cell Microscopy Center, UMCU, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherland.
authors.forename: Hezder E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: van Nispen Tot Pannerden
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Harry F G
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Heijnen
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000201:enzymology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases