title: Carotid artery atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients with a functional LDL receptor-related protein 6 gene variant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rare (611C) and common (1062V) variants of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 (LRP6) display reduced activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling. The rare gene variant was associated with hypertension, metabolic abnormalities, and early coronary artery disease. We investigated whether the common 1062V LRP6 variant was related to carotid artery atherosclerosis (CAA) in hypertensive patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retrospective study of 334 hypertensive patients (<65 years old) who underwent carotid artery ultrasonography. Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, glomerular filtration rate, and smoking habit were evaluated. CAA was defined by the presence of atherosclerotic plaques (focal intima-media thickness ≥ 1.3 mm). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the independent effect of 1062V allele. The relationship between LRP6 genotypes and LRP6 gene expression in carotid plaques was also investigated. No difference was observed between genotypes in clinical variables except for a slightly higher fasting glucose in 1062V carriers. The 1062V LRP6 variant was an independent risk factor for CAA in both unadjusted (OR 2.08, 95%CI 1.27-3.41, p=0.003) and adjusted models (OR 1.92, 95%CI 1.09-3.39, p=0.02). LRP6 was expressed in carotid atherosclerotic plaques at significantly lower levels (p=0.015) in 1062V carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beside the role of established risk factors, 1062V variant of LRP6 and CAA are strongly associated in hypertensive patients, making LRP6 a novel relevant candidate gene for atherosclerosis in the presence of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, "Hypertension Excellence Centre" of the European Society of Hypertension, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy. r.sarzani@univpm.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarzani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bordicchia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Battistoni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagliariccio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carbonari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dessì-Fulgheri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rappelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D026502:LDL-Receptor Related Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016015:Logistic Models; D060488:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D026502:LDL-Receptor Related Proteins; C555475:LRP6 protein, human; D060488:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin