title: Expression and regulation of vitamin D3 upregulated protein 1 (VDUP1) is conserved in mammalian and insect brain.
abstract: Originally characterized as a cell-cycle inhibitor induced by vitamin D(3), the tumor suppressor vitamin-D(3) upregulated protein 1 (VDUP1) has increasingly been shown to play major physiological roles in cell differentiation and glucose metabolism. Here we show evolutionarily conserved expression patterns of VDUP1 in Drosophila and rat nervous systems, including subcellular localization--cytoplasmic enrichment in neurons and nuclear expression in glia. These anatomical correlates suggested conservation of VDUP1 regulation, which was investigated both functionally and through promoter studies. Characterization of orthologous vdup1 cis-regulatory regions identified evolutionarily conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) with similarities to neural enhancers, including basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Neurogenin/Math/atonal and Mash/achaete-scute family members. E-boxes (CANNTG), the binding sites for bHLH proteins, were associated with these CSBs as well, including E-boxes known to mediate glucose-dependent upregulation of VDUP1 in nonneuronal cells. Hyperglycemia-induced upregulation of VDUP1 was observed in brain tumor cells and in the Drosophila nervous system, which resulted in developmental arrest. Taken together, these data demonstrate evolutionary conservation of VDUP1 regulation and function, and suggest an expanding role for VDUP1 in nervous system development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Levendusky
authors.forename: Jacilyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Basle
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Neil V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Mandalaywala
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Dearborn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005910:Glioma; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C493796:TXNIP protein, rat; C547180:VDUP1 protein, Drosophila; D004247:DNA