Transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 is stabilizing in Europe.
The SPREAD Programme investigated prospectively the time trend from September 2002 through December 2005 of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among 2793 patients in 20 European countries and in Israel with newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The overall prevalence of TDR was 8.4% (225 of 2687 patients; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.4%-9.5%), the prevalence of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance was 4.7% (125 of 2687 patients; 95% CI, 3.9%-5.5%), the prevalence of nonucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance was 2.3% (62 of 2687 patients; 95% CI, 1.8%-2.9%), and the prevalence of protease inhibitor (PI) resistance was 2.9% (79 of 2687 patients; 95% CI, 2.4%-3.6%). There was no time trend in the overall TDR or in NRTI resistance, but there was a statistically significant decrease in PI resistance (P = .04) and in NNRTI resistance after an initial increase (P = .02). We found that TDR appears to be stabilizing in Europe, consistent with recent reports of decreasing drug resistance and improved viral suppression in patients treated for HIV-1 infection.
Vercauteren
Jurgen
J
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Wensing
Annemarie M J
AM
van de Vijver
David A M C
DA
Albert
Jan
J
Balotta
Claudia
C
Hamouda
Osamah
O
Kücherer
Claudia
C
Struck
Daniel
D
Schmit
Jean-Claude
JC
Asjö
Birgitta
B
Bruckova
Marie
M
Camacho
Ricardo J
RJ
Clotet
Bonaventura
B
Coughlan
Suzie
S
Grossman
Zehava
Z
Horban
Andrzej
A
Korn
Klaus
K
Kostrikis
Leondios
L
Nielsen
Claus
C
Paraskevis
Dimitrios
D
Poljak
Mario
M
Puchhammer-Stöckl
Elisabeth
E
Riva
Chiara
C
Ruiz
Lidia
L
Salminen
Mika
M
Schuurman
Rob
R
Sonnerborg
Anders
A
Stanekova
Danica
D
Stanojevic
Maja
M
Vandamme
Anne-Mieke
AM
Boucher
Charles A B
CA
D000328:Adult; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors