Upgrading root physiology for stress tolerance by ectomycorrhizas: insights from metabolite and transcriptional profiling into reprogramming for stress anticipation.
Ectomycorrhizas (EMs) alleviate stress tolerance of host plants, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. To elucidate the basis of EM-induced physiological changes and their involvement in stress adaptation, we investigated metabolic and transcriptional profiles in EM and non-EM roots of gray poplar (Populus x canescens) in the presence and absence of osmotic stress imposed by excess salinity. Colonization with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus increased root cell volumes, a response associated with carbohydrate accumulation. The stress-related hormones abscisic acid and salicylic acid were increased, whereas jasmonic acid and auxin were decreased in EM compared with non-EM roots. Auxin-responsive reporter plants showed that auxin decreased in the vascular system. The phytohormone changes in EMs are in contrast to those in arbuscular mycorrhizas, suggesting that EMs and arbuscular mycorrhizas recruit different signaling pathways to influence plant stress responses. Transcriptome analyses on a whole genome poplar microarray revealed activation of genes related to abiotic and biotic stress responses as well as of genes involved in vesicle trafficking and suppression of auxin-related pathways. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicated EM-related genes whose transcript abundances were independent of salt stress and a set of salt stress-related genes that were common to EM non-salt-stressed and non-EM salt-stressed plants. Salt-exposed EM roots showed stronger accumulation of myoinositol, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid and higher K(+)-to-Na(+) ratio than stressed non-EM roots. In conclusion, EMs activated stress-related genes and signaling pathways, apparently leading to priming of pathways conferring abiotic stress tolerance.
Luo
Zhi-Bin
ZB
College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
Janz
Dennis
D
Jiang
Xiangning
X
Göbel
Cornelia
C
Wildhagen
Henning
H
Tan
Yupeng
Y
Rennenberg
Heinz
H
Feussner
Ivo
I
Polle
Andrea
A
D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000502:physiology; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D032107:Populus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D054712:Salinity; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D020156:Salicylic Acid