title: Effect of antler extract on corticosteroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deer antler, traditionally used as a tonic and valuable drug in oriental medicine, has been considered to possess bone-strengthening activity and effectively used in bone diseases therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to investigate therapeutic effect of antler extract on avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) induced by corticosteroids in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were intragluteally injected with dexamethasone at 50mg/kg twice per week for 6 weeks to induce ANFH. Then the rats were treated with antler extract by oral gavage at 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800 mg/kg once per day for 60 days. The concentration of hydroxyproline and hexosamine in serum was measured and the ultrastructure of femoral head was examined. In vitro, effect of the drug-containing serum of antler extract on proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts were investigated by MIT assay, ALP activity assay and cell cycle analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After treatment with antler extract, the degree of necrosis induced by dexamethasone was significantly reduced, hydroxyproline was significantly decreased, and hexosamine and the ratio of hexosamine/hydroxyproline were significantly increased. The drug-containing serum of antler extract promotes osteoblastic proliferation through regulation of cell cycle progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that antler extract has a positive curative effect on ANFH by promoting osteoblastic proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, PR China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qingbo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Gongchang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000999:Antlers / Q000737:chemistry*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003670:Deer; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000633:toxicity*; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000097:blood; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008419:Materia Medica; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006595:Hexosamines; D008419:Materia Medica; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D003907:Dexamethasone; D006909:Hydroxyproline