title: Organization of cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in sex steroid synthesis: PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS IN LIPID MEMBRANES.
abstract: Mounting evidence underscores the importance of protein-protein interactions in the functional regulation of drug-metabolizing P450s, but few studies have been conducted in membrane environments, and none have examined P450s catalyzing sex steroid synthesis. Here we report specific protein-protein interactions for full-length, human, wild type steroidogenic cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes: 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450c17, CYP17) and aromatase (P450arom, CYP19), as well as their electron donor NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)(3) in live cells, coupled with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies on phosphatidyl choline +/- cholesterol (mammalian) biomimetic membranes were used to investigate steroidogenic P450 interactions. The FRET results in living cells demonstrated that both P450c17 and P450arom homodimerize but do not heterodimerize, although they each heterodimerize with CPR. The lack of heteroassociation between P450c17 and P450arom was confirmed by QCM, wherein neither enzyme bound a membrane saturated with the other. In contrast, the CPR bound readily to either P450c17- or P450arom-saturated surfaces. Interestingly, N-terminally modified P450arom was stably incorporated and gave similar results to the wild type, although saturation was achieved with much less protein, suggesting that the putative transmembrane domain is not required for membrane association but for orientation. In fact, all of the proteins were remarkably stable in the membrane, such that high resolution AFM images were obtained, further supporting the formation of P450c17, P450arom, and CPR homodimers and oligomers in lipid bilayers. This unique combination of in vivo and in vitro studies has provided strong evidence for homodimerization and perhaps some higher order interactions for both P450c17 and P450arom.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Slavica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Praporski
authors.forename: Su May
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Ann D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: C Jo
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Corbin
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mechler
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Conley
authors.forename: Lisandra L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D001141:Aromatase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C527701:enhanced cyan fluorescent protein; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D001141:Aromatase; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase