title: Updating phylogeny of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup m in India: dispersal of modern human in South Asian corridor.
abstract: To construct maternal phylogeny and prehistoric dispersals of modern human being in the Indian sub continent, a diverse subset of 641 complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes belonging to macrohaplogroup M was chosen from a total collection of 2,783 control-region sequences, sampled from 26 selected tribal populations of India. On the basis of complete mtDNA sequencing, we identified 12 new haplogroups--M53 to M64; redefined/ascertained and characterized haplogroups M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M8'C'Z, M9, M10, M11, M12-G, D, M18, M30, M33, M35, M37, M38, M39, M40, M41, M43, M45 and M49, which were previously described by control and/or coding-region polymorphisms. Our results indicate that the mtDNA lineages reported in the present study (except East Asian lineages M8'C'Z, M9, M10, M11, M12-G, D) are restricted to Indian region.The deep rooted lineages of macrohaplogroup 'M' suggest in-situ origin of these haplogroups in India. Most of these deep rooting lineages are represented by multiple ethnic/linguist groups of India. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) shows substantial subdivisions among the tribes of India (Fst = 0.16164). The current Indian mtDNA gene pool was shaped by the initial settlers and was galvanized by minor events of gene flow from the east and west to the restricted zones. Northeast Indian mtDNA pool harbors region specific lineages, other Indian lineages and East Asian lineages. We also suggest the establishment of an East Asian gene in North East India through admixture rather than replacement.
authors.affiliation: Anthropological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Bogadi, Mysore, India.
authors.forename: Adimoolam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandrasekar
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Jwalapuram
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sreenath
authors.forename: Bishwa Nath
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Bhaskar Pralhad
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Urade
authors.forename: Sujit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mallick
authors.forename: Syam Sundar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bandopadhyay
authors.forename: Pinuma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barua
authors.forename: Subihra Sankar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Barik
authors.forename: Debasish
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Uttaravalli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kiran
authors.forename: Prodyot
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gangopadhyay
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sahani
authors.forename: Bhagavatula Venkata Ravi
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Shampa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gangopadhyay
authors.forename: Gandikota Rama
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lakshmi
authors.forename: Rajasekhara Reddy
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ravuri
authors.forename: Koneru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Padmaja
authors.forename: Pulamaghatta N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Venugopal
authors.forename: Madhu Bala
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Vadlamudi Raghavendra
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D003062:Codon; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D051456:Gene Flow; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population / Q000379:methods*; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial