title: Gene expression profile of mouse masseter muscle after repetitive electrical stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine gene expression profile changes in the mouse masseter muscle tissue after repetitive electrical stimulation by using a DNA microarray technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine male ICR mice aged 10 weeks were used. Each anesthetized mouse was secured on a platform in a supine position and the masseter muscle tissues on both sides were exposed. Bipolar electrodes were set on the right masseteric fascia to electrically stimulate the masseter muscle (8 V, 10 Hz, 20 ms) for 30 min. After cessation of stimulation bilateral masseter muscle tissues were sampled at 0 h (n=3), 1h (n=3), 2h (n=3). Total RNA was isolated from the homogenized muscle tissues and purified mRNA samples (50 microg) were processed and hybridized with microarray slides. Probe arrays were then scanned and analyzed to calculate the signal density. Gene expression profiles were compared at each time point between the right (stimulation side) and left (control side) masseter. When the gene expression levels were different more than 2-fold, the difference was regarded as positive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 6400 genes assessed, 1733 genes were up-regulated and 515 genes were down-regulated in the stimulation side at least once during the experimental time course. These up- or down-regulated genes were associated with autoimmune/inflammatory disease (28/114), cardiovascular disease (17/61), neuroscience (12/50), apoptosis (27/93), diabetes/obesity (9/28), signal transduction (66/250) and others. 28 genes were up-regulated and 25 genes were down-regulated at all time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dramatic gene expression changes were induced by the repetitive electrical muscle stimulation in mouse masseter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sonoyama
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Glenn T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Takuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuboki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012313:RNA