title: G and P types of circulating rotavirus strains in the United States during 1996-2005: nine years of prevaccine data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rotavirus vaccine was recommended for routine use among US infants in 2006. To provide prevaccine data, we conducted strain surveillance for 9 consecutive seasons during 1996-2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction genotyping and nucleotide sequencing, we determined P/G genotypes of >3100 rotavirus strains collected in up to 12 cities each year from different US regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most prevalent strain globally, P[8] G1, was the most prevalent each year in the United States (overall, 78.5% of strains; range, 60.0%-93.9%), and 9.2% of the samples were P[4] G2, 3.6% were P[8] G9, 1.7% were P[8] G3, and 0.8% were P[8] G4. Genotype P[6] G9, which emerged in 1995, was detected continuously for several seasons (from 1996-1997 to 2000-2001, 0.2%-5.4%) but was not identified in the subsequent 4 seasons. Single or a few detections of rare genotypes (eg, P[6] G12, P[9] G6, and P[9] G3) were observed during several rotavirus seasons at frequencies of 0.5%-1.7% and, overall, comprised 0.6% of all the samples from the entire surveillance period. Several globally common strains in addition to G1, especially G2 and G9, circulated at high prevalence (33%-62%) in some cities during certain years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost 85% of strains during 1996-2005 had either a G or P antigen that is present in both RotaTeq (Merck) and Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline). Monitoring of strains after introduction of rotavirus vaccines is important.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Atlanta, Georgia. jrg4@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Jon R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gentsch
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: Elizabeth N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Teel
authors.forename: Tara K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kerin
authors.forename: Molly M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Mathew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Esona
authors.forename: Dixie D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Brittany P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Bielfelt-Krall
authors.forename: Krisztian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banyai
authors.forename: Baoming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cortese
authors.forename: Roger I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: Umesh D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Parashar
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines