title: Urinary fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for detecting urothelial carcinoma in Taiwanese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cytogenetic marker detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH; UroVysion, Vysis, Inc., Abbott Laboratories, Des Plaines, IL, USA) in the diagnosis of bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UC) in Taiwanese patients, as FISH has been used in Western countries for detecting UC, but there are limited results in Asian populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed polyploidy of chromosome 3, 7, 17 and aneuploidy of chromosome 21, using uroepithelial cells collected at the first void or by instrumental extraction of urine, for bladder cancer, and shedding cells from the upper tract flushed by normal saline via ureteric catheterization or ureterorenoscopy. The criteria for positive tumour cells included three or more positive staining in two or more chromosomes showing polyploidy or <50% staining of the chromosome 9p21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 32 patients with bladder UC and 12 with upper tract UC were assessed. The overall sensitivity for bladder cancer by UroVysion was 96.8%. The sensitivity of the cytology test was 36% for UC of the bladder. The sensitivity for UroVysion in upper tract UC was 12/12 but the specificity was three of nine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary report shows that UroVysion was a sensitive screening method for UC of the bladder and upper urinary tract.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kun-Lung
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Hun-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Kwai-Fong
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Ying-Hsun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chun-Te
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cheng-Keng
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Shuen-Kuei
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: See-Tong
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Pang
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D011123:Polyploidy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013624:Taiwan; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D019459:Urothelium
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers