title: Wholegrain vs. refined wheat bread and pasta. Effect on postprandial glycemia, appetite, and subsequent ad libitum energy intake in young healthy adults.
abstract: Wholegrain foods have received much attention in recent years, and have been proposed to play a role in energy regulation through lowering of postprandial glycemia and appetite. This randomized crossover single meal study in 16 young adults was conducted to test the effect of iso-caloric meals based on wholemeal wheat breads and pasta in comparison to similar refined wheat products on postprandial glycemia, appetite and ad libitum energy intake (EI). Test meals (50 g carbohydrates; 2MJ) consisted of refined wheat bread (RWB), wholegrain wheat bread (WWB), refined wheat pasta (RWP) and wholegrain wheat pasta (WWP) and were served after an overnight fast. Appetite ratings and blood glucose were assessed for 180 min after which an ad libitum lunch meal was served and EI measured. The 180 min glucose responses were similar for wholemeal and refined products, but pasta meals gave significantly lower glucose responses. Only RWP had a lower glycemic index compared to RWB. WWB, but not WWP, resulted in increased satiety and reduced hunger compared to RWB. Ad libitum EI did not differ. In conclusion, the results show that wholemeal breads increased satiety measures compared to their refined counterparts; however no significant effect on subsequent EI was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. mekr@life.ku.dk
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: Morten G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riboldi
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petronio
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bügel
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toubro
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tetens
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001939:Bread; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003718:Denmark; D002523:Edible Grain; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects; D014908:Triticum; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose