title: The role of therapist self-disclosure in psychotherapy: a qualitative review.
abstract: Over 90% of therapists self-disclose to clients (Mathews, 1989; Pope, Tabachnick, & Keith-Spiegel, 1987; Edwards & Murdock, 1994), however, the implications of therapist self-disclosure are unclear, with highly divergent results from one study to the next. The goal of this paper was to review the empirical literature relevant to therapist self-disclosure, and provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the factors that affect, and are affected by, therapist self-disclosure. Findings are organized into an integrated model examining the who, what, when, why, and how of therapist self-disclosure. In addition, training implications and suggestions for future research are provided.
authors.affiliation: University of Memphis, Department of Psychology, 202 Psychology Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-6400, USA. jenhenretty@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Henretty
authors.forename: Heidi M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Levitt
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations / Q000941:ethics*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012650:Self Disclosure