title: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for removal of a calcified intra-renal artillery shell fragment.
abstract: Residual metallic fragments after intra-abdominal penetrating injuries due to fragments of artillery shells are generally inert, although they may rarely re-activate. The authors present a case where such a fragment presented as a renal stone 17 years after injury. The literature was reviewed and the initial difficulties with the radiological diagnosis, as well as treatment approaches and post-operative findings are discussed in the light of existing reports. An additional challenge arose as the authors working in a tertiary endourology centre attempted to remain as minimally invasive as possible, but were limited by the very nature of the foreign body.
authors.affiliation: Endourology & Stone Services, Barts and The London NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naeem
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buchholz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D011859:Radiography; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000150:complications*