title: The influence of clinical characteristics, laboratory and inflammatory markers on 'high on-treatment platelet reactivity' as measured with different platelet function tests.
abstract: High on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity (HCPR) and high on-aspirin platelet reactivity (HAPR) are independently associated with an increased risk of atherothrombotic events. However, despite this positive correlation, the definitions of both HCPR and HAPR vary largely throughout studies and between different platelet function assays. The aim of the present study was to explore clinical and laboratory parameters that are associated with HCPR and HAPR as measured with different platelet function tests. 530 clopidogrel and aspirin pre-treated patients undergoing elective PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) were enrolled. Platelet function measurements were performed with: optical aggregometry, the VerifyNow device and PFA-100 cartridges (including the novel INNOVANCE P2Y assay). HCPR as measured with Adenosin-Di-Phospate-induced (ADP) aggregation based tests was associated with clinical factors such as older age, female gender and Diabetes mellitus (DM). The VerifyNow P2Y12 assay was significantly influenced by haemoglobin and haematocrit levels. HAPR as measured with aggregation based tests was significantly influenced by the presence of malignancy, BMI (Body-Mass Index), older age and increased levels of hsCRP (high sensitivity c-reactive proteine). The PFA-100 COL/EPI (collagen-epinephrine) and COL/ADP (collagen-ADP) cartridges were significantly influenced by monocyte count, hs-CRP, MPV (mean platelet volume), vWF-antigen (von Willebrand factor) and vWF-activity. HCPR as measured with the novel INNOVANCE P2Y cartridge was associated with clinical determinants such as BMI, female gender, impaired LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction), renal failure and dosing of clopidogrel. Laboratory markers that were associated with HCPR as measured with INNOVANCE P2Y were platelet count, white blood cells (WBC), hsCRP and fibrinogen. Both HCPR and HAPR are highly dependent on the type of platelet function assay. Each platelet function assay, in turn, is significantly influenced by distinct clinical and laboratory variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ellen H A M
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Elsenberg
authors.forename: Jochem W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van Werkum
authors.forename: Ruud M A
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: van de Wal
authors.forename: A Carla
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Zomer
authors.forename: Heleen J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bouman
authors.forename: Freek W A
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Verheugt
authors.forename: Jurriën M ten
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Christian M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hackeng
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin