title: The risk of alar necrosis associated with dermal filler injection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injection of dermal fillers is one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures. Serious complications from fillers are rare but potentially devastating to patients and physicians. Skin necrosis, such as nasal alar necrosis, is one of the most feared serious complications of dermal fillers, but there is a paucity of literature on the incidence of such events, as well as potential treatment options.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a review of the literature and three cases of nasal alar necrosis after dermal filler injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasal alar necrosis associated with dermal filler injection is a rare event. Proper technique and recognition of risk factors may reduce the incidence of this complication. Physicians should be aware of early intervention and treatment options should impending necrosis become apparent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33140, USA. lgrunebaum@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Lisa Danielle
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Grunebaum
authors.forename: Inja
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bogdan Allemann
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dayan
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandy
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baumann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001414:Bacitracin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047070:Bandages, Hydrocolloid; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003094:Collagen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D003646:Debridement; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004890:Erythema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D009666:Nose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D012060:Rejuvenation; D012307:Risk Factors; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014221:Triamcinolone / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D001414:Bacitracin; D014221:Triamcinolone; D003094:Collagen; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase