title: Health related quality of life assessment in metastatic disease of the spine: a systematic review.
abstract: METHODS
  Systematic literature review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the available literature on health related quality of life (HRQOL) assessment in metastatic disease of the spine and identify the optimal functional outcome scales to be used in developing a disease-specific tool.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is a lack of consensus in the use of HRQOL measures in patients with metastatic spine disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Science Citation Index (ISI), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the PsycINFO, the Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), Cochrane Reviews and Global Health databases for clinical studies addressing metastatic spine disease from 1966 through 2008. The validity of outcome tools was established by linkage analysis with the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty-one clinical studies met inclusion criteria including 10,347 patients. Only 5 moderate grade and 1 high grade study were identified. Thirty- four studies used a patient self-assessment instrument to assess health status. None of the instruments were validated for metastatic spine patients. The most commonly used Pi-by-no tools were SF-36, SIP 5, and the ADL. None of the studies defined health related quality of life (HRQOL) or justified the choice of instrument. The most commonly used cancer-specific tools were ECOG, EORTC QCQ-C30, and EUROQOL 5D. Based on frequency of citation and on correlation with the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health, the ECOG and SF36 were judged as most valid and reliable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A systematic review of the available evidence suggests that valid and reliable health related quality of life measures exist for the assessment of oncology patients; however, a disease-specific tool for metastatic spine disease awaits development. Until such time as a disease-specific tool is available, we recommend that the ECOG and SF-36 be considered for use in studies addressing the outcome assessment of patients with metastatic spine disease.
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Street
authors.forename: Sigurd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berven
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ryken
mesh_terms: D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000556:secondary*