title: High incidence of zinc deficiency among Filipino children with compensated and decompensated liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of zinc in the nutrition and growth of children with chronic liver disease is poorly defined. The present study determined the serum zinc levels of children with compensated liver disease (CLD) and decompensated liver disease (DLD) and compared this with healthy children. Zinc levels were also correlated with the severity of liver disease as measured by Child-Pugh scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised of 60 children 0-10 years of age with chronic liver disease, defined as CLD (n = 30) if the Child-Pugh score was < 6, and DLD (n = 30) if the Child-Pugh score was > or = 6. Thirty healthy children 0-10 years served as controls. Serum zinc levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 90 patients included 30 with CLD (mean age: 4.54 years: 21 boys; mean Child-Pugh score: 5.83), 30 with DLD (mean age: 1.39 years; 17 boys; mean Child-Pugh score: 9.53) and 30 healthy children (mean age: 4.6; 16 boys). Zinc levels of patients with CLD were significantly lower compared with the healthy controls (Mean [standard deviation]: 68.07 [31.55]vs 89.9 [25.9]microg/dL, P = 0.000), but significantly higher compared to the patients with DLD (48.8 [26.8]microg/dL). Correlation studies showed that the higher the Child-Pugh score, the lower the zinc levels (r = -0.460)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with chronic liver disease, whether in a compensated or decompensated state, had lower serum zinc levels compared with the healthy controls. As the severity of liver disease worsened, the zinc levels decreased. The study suggests that zinc supplementation should constitute part of the micronutrient intake of children with chronic liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Perlina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Umusig-Quitain
authors.forename: Germana V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Gregorio
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015032:Zinc