title: Correlation between natural cytotoxicity receptors and intracellular cytokine expression of peripheral blood NK cells in women with recurrent pregnancy losses and implantation failures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) are unique markers, which regulate NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production. We investigated whether women with recurrent pregnancy losses (RPLs) and implantation failures have aberrant correlation between NCRs and intracellular cytokine expression of NK cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood NK cells (CD56(dim) and CD56(bright)) were analyzed for NCRs (NKp46, NKp44 and NKp30) and cytokine expression (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10) using flow cytometry in RPL (n = 22), implantation failures (n = 23) or controls (n = 15).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In type 1 cytokine studies, CD56(bright)/NKp30(+) cells in controls (r = 0.696, P < 0.05) were positively correlated with CD56(bright)/IFN-gamma(+)/TNF-alpha(+) cells. CD56(bright)/NKp46(+) cells in implantation failures (r = -0.76, P < 0.01) were negatively correlated with CD56(bright)/IFN-gamma(+)/TNF-alpha(-) cells. RPL did not have any correlation. In type 2 cytokine studies, CD56(+)/NKp46(+) cells (r = 0.758, P < 0.01) and CD56(+)/NKp30(+) cells (r = 0.637, P < 0.05) were positively correlated with CD56(bright)/IL-4(+)/IL-10(+) cells in controls. CD56(+)/NKp30(+) cells in implantation failures (r = -0.778, P < 0.05) were negatively correlated with CD56(bright)/IL-10(+)/IL-4(+) cells. There were no correlations in RPL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrent pregnancy losses and implantation failures have lack of, or negative correlation between NCRs and intracellular cytokines expression. This observation suggests that excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in NK cells in RPL and implantation failures may be exerted through the NCRs or interruption of signal transduction processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan. a.fukuipon@mac.com
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ntrivalas
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Shunsaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizunuma
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gilman-Sachs
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beaman
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwak-Kim
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002469:Cell Separation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D055636:Receptors, Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D019002:CD56 Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D055636:Receptors, Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering