title: Skeletal muscle lipogenic protein expression is not different between lean and obese individuals: a potential factor in ceramide accumulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skeletal muscle lipid content is increased in obesity. Recent evidence suggests that fatty acid (FA) storage as triacylglycerol (TAG) represents a metabolically safe pool compared to the more bioactive diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the expression of lipogenic proteins and ceramide and DAG content in skeletal muscle of lean and obese humans. We hypothesized that lipogenic protein expression would be increased in obese to facilitate the storage of excess FA as TAG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen lean (BMI < or = 26 kg/m(2)) and 15 obese (BMI > 29 kg/m(2)) women participated in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in the expression of any lipogenic (stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, stearoyl retinol binding protein-1c, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1) or sphingolipid proteins measured between lean and obese humans. Total ceramide was increased in muscle from obese humans (lean vs. obese, 529.4 +/- 54.8 vs. 672.4 +/- 57.4 nmol/g; P < 0.05), but there was no difference in total DAG content (lean vs. obese, 2244.1 +/- 278.2 vs. 1941.4 +/- 165.0 nmol/g). Content of protein phosphatase 2A, a ceramide target, was increased in muscle of obese humans (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that in muscle of obese humans there is an insufficient lipogenic response to the lipid oversupply, allowing more FA to be stored as reactive lipid species, particularly ceramide, potentially contributing to subsequent metabolic complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Science and Nutrition Building, Room 203, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1. athrush@uoguelph.ca
authors.forename: A Brianne
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Thrush
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Brindley
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chabowski
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Heigenhauser
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dyck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001823:Body Composition / Q000235:genetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism*; D051048:Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D004075:Diglycerides; C464645:GPATCH1 protein, human; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014280:Triglycerides; C494881:DGAT1 protein, human; D051048:Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4