title: Combined internal and external Le Fort III distraction osteogenesis--the "elusive vector".
abstract: This article describes a modified surgical technique using both internal and external distractors for distraction osteogenesis at the Le Fort III level. This technique optimizes vector control, superior to single-device techniques, resulting in excellent control and, ultimately, a functional occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom. craniofacial@orh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Steven Arthur
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Byren
authors.forename: Peter Frederick
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Carls
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McKnight
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saeed
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome