title: Cleft palate in Pfeiffer syndrome.
abstract: The frequency of associated cleft palate is known to be high in some fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2)-mediated craniosynostosis syndromes, such as Apert syndrome. However, there is little information on the frequency of palatal clefts in the FGFR2-mediated disorder, that is, Pfeiffer syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of palatal clefts in patients with Pfeiffer syndrome. The records of patients with Pfeiffer syndrome managed in our craniofacial unit were reviewed. Only patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Pfeiffer syndrome were included. Diagnostic criteria were as follows: characteristic mutations in FGFR1 or FGFR2 or, in the absence of genetic testing, clinical findings consistent with Pfeiffer syndrome as determined by a clinical geneticist or our most experienced surgeon (J.B.M.). Only 2 clefts were noted in 25 patients (8%), including 1 with a submucous cleft and 1 with an overt palatal cleft. Many patients (87%) were described as having a high-arched and narrow palate, and 1 had a low, broad palate. Nine patients were noted to have choanal atresia or stenosis. Clefting of the palate does occur in Pfeiffer syndrome but at a low frequency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stoler
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Urmen
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mulliken
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Meara
authors.forename: Gary F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000168:Acrocephalosyndactylia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D002754:Choanal Atresia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010159:Palate / Q000002:abnormalities; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: C496348:FGFR1 protein, human; C496353:FGFR2 protein, human; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2