title: Determinants of vaccine immunity in the cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children living in Switzerland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at increased risk of infections caused by vaccine preventable pathogens, and specific immunization recommendations have been issued.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective national multicenter study assessed how these recommendations are followed in Switzerland and how immunization history correlates with vaccine immunity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 87 HIV-infected children (mean age: 11.1 years) followed in the 5 Swiss university hospitals and 1 regional hospital, most (76%) had CD4 T cells >25%, were receiving highly active antiretroviral treatment (79%) and had undetectable viral load (60%). Immunization coverage was lower than in the general population and many lacked serum antibodies to vaccine-preventable pathogens, including measles (54%), varicella (39%), and hepatitis B (65%). The presence of vaccine antibodies correlated most significantly with having an up-to-date immunization history (P<0.05). An up-to-date immunization history was not related to age, immunologic stage, or viremia but to the referral medical center.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All pediatricians in charge of HIV-infected children are urged to identify missing immunizations in this high-risk population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Geneva Medical School and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Klara M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Posfay-Barbe
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aebi
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cheseaux
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kind
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rudin
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nadal
authors.forename: Claire-Anne
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Siegrist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014612:Vaccines