title: Forecasting the future economic burden of current adolescent overweight: an estimate of the coronary heart disease policy model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We predicted the future economic burden attributable to high rates of current adolescent overweight.
  
  
  METHODS
  We constructed models to simulate the costs of excess obesity and associated diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD) among adults aged 35-64 years in the US population in 2020 to 2050.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current adolescent overweight is projected to result in 161 million life-years complicated by obesity, diabetes, or CHD and 1.5 million life-years lost. The cumulative excess attributable total costs are estimated at $254 billion: $208 billion because of lost productivity from earlier death or morbidity and $46 billion from direct medical costs. Currently available therapies for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, used according to guidelines, if applied in the future, would result in modest reductions in excess mortality (decreased to 1.1 million life-years lost) but increase total excess costs by another $7 billion (increased to $261 billion total).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current adolescent overweight will likely lead to large future economic and health burdens, especially lost productivity from premature death and disability. Application of currently available medical treatments will not greatly reduce these future burdens of increased adult obesity.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Medicine, University of California, 3333 California St, Suite 420, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. lightwoodj@pharmacy.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lightwood
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bibbins-Domingo
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coxson
authors.forename: Y Claire
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D014481:United States