On to the road to degradation: atherosclerosis and the proteasome.
Protein metabolism is a central element of every living cell. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an integral part of the protein metabolism machinery mediating post-transcriptional processing and degradation of the majority of intracellular proteins. Over the past few years, remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of the role of the UPS in vascular biology and pathobiology, particularly atherosclerosis. This review reflects on the recent developments from the effects on endothelial cells and the initial stage of atherosclerosis to the effects on vascular smooth muscle and the progression stage of atherosclerosis and finally to the effects on cell viability and the complication stage of atherosclerosis. It will conclude with the integration of the available information in a synoptic view of the involvement of the UPS in atherosclerosis.
Herrmann
Joerg
J
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Lerman
Lilach O
LO
Lerman
Amir
A
D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000502:physiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase / Q000502:physiology
C482860:UCHL1 protein, human; D025801:Ubiquitin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; C465641:PSMA6 protein, human; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex