title: Simultaneous determination of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 in seawater samples using a purge and trap gas-chromatographic system.
abstract: We have optimized the analytical parameters of a homemade instrument for the simultaneous measurement of the chlorofluorocarbons CCl(2)F(2) (CFC-12), CCl(3)F (CFC-11) and C(2)Cl(3)F(3) (CFC-113) in seawater. Seawater samples are flame sealed into 60 ml glass ampoules avoiding any contact with the atmosphere and stored in cold, dark condition until analysis. In the laboratory, after cracking the ampoule in an enclosed chamber filled with ultra-pure nitrogen, the seawater sample is transferred to a stripping chamber, where ultra-pure nitrogen is used to purge the dissolved CFCs from the seawater. The extracted gases are then cryogenically trapped, subsequently the trap is isolated and heated and the CFCs are transferred by a carrier gas stream into a precolumn and then are separated on a gaschromatographic packed column. To separate adequately CFC-12 from N(2)O, during the early part of the chromatographic run, the gas stream passes through a molecular sieve, which is then isolated and backflushed. The CFCs are detected on an electron capture detector ((63)Ni ECD). After a careful choice of the experimental conditions, the performances of the system were evaluated. The detection limits for seawater samples are: 0.0081 pmol kg(-1) for CFC-12, 0.0073 pmol kg(-1) for CFC-11 and 0.0043 pmol kg(-1) for CFC-113. The reproducibility of replicate samples lies within 5% for the three CFCs. The system has been successfully employed for CFC measurements in seawater samples collected in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) in the framework of the Italian Antarctic research project.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. massolo@chimica.unige.it
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Massolo
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rivaro
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frache
mesh_terms: D064227:Chlorofluorocarbons, Ethane; D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D064227:Chlorofluorocarbons, Ethane; D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane; C007786:1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane; C005848:trichlorofluoromethane; C007782:dichlorodifluoromethane