title: Inhaled anesthetic potency in aged Alzheimer mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of elderly patients with frank or incipient Alzheimer's disease (AD) requiring surgery is growing as the population ages. General anesthesia may exacerbate symptoms of and the pathology underlying AD, so minimizing anesthetic exposure may be important. This requires knowledge of whether the continuing AD pathogenesis alters anesthetic potency.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the induction potency and emergence time for isoflurane, halothane, and sevoflurane using the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration for loss of righting reflex as an end point in 12- to 14-mo-old triple transgenic Alzheimer (3xTgAD) mice and wild type C57BL6 controls. 3xTgAD mice model AD by harboring three distinct mutations: the APP(Swe), Tau, and PS1 human transgenes, each of which has been associated with familial forms of human AD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3xTgAD mice exhibited mild resistance (from 8% to 30%) to volatile anesthetics but displayed indistinguishable emergence patterns from all three inhaled anesthetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that the genetic vulnerabilities and neuropathology associated with AD produce a small but significant decrease in sensitivity to the hypnotic actions of three inhaled anesthetics. Emergence times were not altered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Breanna M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Caltagarone
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Laferla
authors.forename: Roderic G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Eckenhoff
authors.forename: Max B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kelz
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D006221:Halothane