Newly formed cystic lesions for the development of pneumomediastinum in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.
BACKGROUND
Pneumocystis jirovecii, formerly named Pneumocystis carinii, is one of the most common opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients.


METHODS
We encountered two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema in HIV-infected patients being treated for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.


CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians should be aware that cystic lesions and bronchiectasis can develop in spite of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment for P. jirovecii pneumonia. The newly formed bronchiectasis and cyst formation that were noted in follow up high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) but were not visible on HRCT at admission could be risk factors for the development of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema in HIV-patients.
Cho
Ju-Yeon
JY
Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea. bconfident@hanmail.net
Kim
Dong-Min
DM
Kwon
Yong Eun
YE
Yoon
Sung Ho
SH
Lee
Seung Il
SI
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D045363:Pneumocystis carinii; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole