title: [Communication of needs in laryngectomized patients: Pictorrino].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design, create and validate a pictogram, called Pictorrino, as a tool to obtain direct and simple communication with laryngectomized patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective sample of 10 laryngectomized patients within the first postoperative week, their principal needs and demands were evaluated, and were confirmed in a retrospective second sample of 10 laryngectomized patients who attended reviews in the outpatient clinic. Thereafter, pictograms were created to state such needs in as clear a fashion as possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A pictogram was designed and validated, named and registered as Pictorrino, consisting of a board, which showed these pictograms on one of its sides, and a visual analogue scale of pain, with the aim of enabling the patient to express the demand or need at every moment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With Pictorrino we have achieved a multicultural tool that allows a more direct communication with laryngectomized patients.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España. aorduna.hflr@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: Antonio Javier
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Orduña Beuzón
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vicente Bardón
authors.forename: Ana Luisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Martínez Gago
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plaza Mayor
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires