title: Exercise, sex, menstrual cycle phase, and 17beta-estradiol influence metabolism-related genes in human skeletal muscle.
abstract: Higher fat and lower carbohydrate and amino acid oxidation are observed in women compared with men during endurance exercise. We hypothesized that the observed sex difference is due to estrogen and that menstrual cycle phase or supplementation of men with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) would coordinately influence the mRNA content of genes involved in lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle. Twelve men and twelve women had muscle biopsies taken before and immediately after 90 min of cycling at 65% peak oxygen consumption (Vo(2peak)). Women were studied in the midfollicular (Fol) and midluteal (Lut) phases, and men were studied after 8 days of E(2) or placebo supplementation. Targeted RT-PCR was used to compare mRNA content for genes involved in transcriptional regulation and lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism. Sex was the greatest predictor of substrate metabolism gene content. Sex affected the mRNA content of FATm, FABPc, SREBP-1c, mtGPAT, PPARdelta, PPARalpha, CPTI, TFP-alpha, GLUT4, HKII, PFK, and BCOADK (P < 0.05). E(2) administration significantly (P < 0.05) affected the mRNA content of PGC-1alpha, PPARalpha, PPARdelta, TFP-alpha, CPTI, SREBP-1c, mtGPAT, GLUT4, GS-1, and AST. Acute exercise increased the mRNA abundance for PGC-1alpha, HSL, FABPc, CPTI, GLUT4, HKII, and AST (P < 0.05). Menstrual cycle had a small effect on PPARdelta, GP, and glycogenin mRNA content. Overall, women have greater mRNA content for several genes involved in lipid metabolism, which is partially due to an effect of E(2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: Ming-hua H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: Mazen J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hamadeh
authors.forename: Changhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tarnopolsky
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D050261:Glycogenolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004958:Estradiol; D005947:Glucose