title: Long-term survival and quality of life after transfusion-associated pulmonary edema in critically ill medical patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) and transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) commonly complicate transfusion in critically ill patients. Prior outcome studies of TACO and TRALI have focused on short-term morbidity and mortality, but the long-term survival and quality of life (QOL) of these patients remain unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a nested case-control study, we compared survival and QOL between critically ill medical patients who developed pulmonary edema after transfusion (TRALI or TACO) and medical critically ill transfused controls, matched by age, gender, and admission diagnostic group. QOL in survivors was assessed with a 36-item short form health survey 1 year after initial hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hospital, 1-year, and 2-year mortality among the 74 TRALI cases and 74 matched controls were 43.2% vs 24.3% (P = .020), 63.8% vs 46.4% (P = .037) and 74.3% vs 54.3% (P = .031), whereas among the 51 TACO cases and 51 matched controls these values were 7.8% vs 11.8% (P = .727), 38.0% vs 28.0% (P = .371), and 44.9% vs 38.8% (P = .512). When adjusted for age and baseline severity of illness in a Cox proportional hazard analysis, the development of TRALI remained associated with decreased survival (hazard ratio 1.86; 95% CI, 1.19-2.93; P = .006). Both TRALI (P = .006, P = .03) and TACO (P = .03, P = .049) were associated with prolonged ICU and hospital lengths of stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In critically ill medical patients, development of TRALI, but not TACO, is independently associated with decreased long-term survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Old Marion Hall, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. li.guangxi@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Guangxi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojicic
authors.forename: Martin K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Reriani
authors.forename: Evans R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Fernández Pérez
authors.forename: Lokendra
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kashyap
authors.forename: Camille M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Van Buskirk
authors.forename: Ognjen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gajic
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007902:Length of Stay; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011788:Quality of Life; D017741:Survivors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction