title: Testing for sexually transmitted infections and blood borne viruses on admission to Western Australian prisons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prison populations are known to be at high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood borne viruses (BBVs). In accordance with State health guidelines, the Western Australian Department of Correctional Services' policy is to offer testing for STIs and BBVs to all new prison entrants. This audit was undertaken to assess the completeness and timeliness of STI and BBV testing among recent prison entrants in Western Australia, and estimate the prevalence of STIs and BBVs on admission to prison.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective audit of prison medical records was conducted among 946 individuals admitted to prison in Western Australia after the 1st January 2005, and discharged between the 1st January and 31st December 2007 inclusive. Quota sampling was used to ensure adequate sampling of females, juveniles, and individuals from regional prisons. Main outcomes of interest were the proportion of prisoners undergoing STI and BBV testing, and the prevalence of STIs and BBVs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately half the sample underwent testing for the STIs chlamydia and gonorrhoea, and almost 40% underwent testing for at least one BBV. Completeness of chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing was significantly higher among juveniles (84.1%) compared with adults (39.8%; p < 0.001), and Aboriginal prisoners (58.3%) compared with non-Aboriginal prisoners (40.4%; p < 0.001). Completeness of BBV testing was significantly higher among adults (46.5%) compared with juveniles (15.8%; p < 0.001) and males (43.3%) compared with females (33.1%; p = 0.001). Among prisoners who underwent testing, 7.3% had a positive chlamydia test result and 24.8% had a positive hepatitis C test result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The documented coverage of STI and BBV testing among prisoners in Western Australia is not comprehensive, and varies significantly by age, gender and Aboriginality. Given the high prevalence of STIs and BBVs among prisoners, increased test coverage is required to ensure optimal use of the opportunity that prison admission presents for the treatment and control of STIs and BBVs among this high risk group.
authors.affiliation: Australian Biosecurity CRC, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia. Rochelle.Watkins@curtin.edu.au
authors.forename: Rochelle E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Donna B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: Crystal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Connelly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult