title: Development of a colloidal gold-based lateral-flow immunoassay for the rapid simultaneous detection of clenbuterol and ractopamine in swine urine.
abstract: A multianalyte lateral-flow immunochromatographic technique using colloidal gold-labeled polyclonal antibodies was developed for the rapid simultaneous detection of clenbuterol and ractopamine. The assay procedure could be accomplished within 5 min, and the results of this qualitative one-step assay were evaluated visually according to whether test lines appeared or not. When applied to the swine urines, the detection limit and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of the test strip under an optical density scanner were calculated to be 0.1 +/- 0.01 ng mL(-1) and 0.1 +/- 0.01 ng mL(-1), 0.56 +/- 0.08 ng mL(-1), and 0.71 +/- 0.06 ng mL(-1), respectively, the cut-off levels with the naked eye of 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 ng mL(-1) for clenbuterol and ractopamine were observed. Parallel analysis of swine urine samples with clenbuterol and ractopamine showed comparable results obtained from the multianalyte lateral-flow test strip and GC-MS. Therefore, the described multianalyte lateral-flow test strip can be used as a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective on-site screening technique for the simultaneous determination of clenbuterol and ractopamine residues in swine urine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio-safety and Food Science, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China. zmzcjlu@cjlu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Ming-Zhou
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Min-Zi
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zong-Lun
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jie-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Mei-Ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D017979:Gold Colloid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine*; D011934:Reagent Strips; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D017979:Gold Colloid; D010627:Phenethylamines; D011934:Reagent Strips; C060897:ractopamine; D002976:Clenbuterol