Do pre-employment influences explain the association between psychosocial factors at work and coronary heart disease? The Whitehall II study.
OBJECTIVE
To examine whether the association between psychosocial factors at work and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) is explained by pre-employment factors, such as family history of CHD, education, paternal education and social class, number of siblings and height.


METHODS
A prospective cohort study of 6435 British men aged 35-55 years at phase 1 (1985-1988) and free from prevalent CHD at phase 2 (1989-1990) was conducted. Psychosocial factors at work were assessed at phases 1 and 2 and mean scores across the two phases were used to determine long-term exposure. Selected pre-employment factors were assessed at phase 1. Follow-up for coronary death, first non-fatal myocardial infarction or definite angina between phase 2 and 1999 was based on clinical records (250 events, follow-up 8.7 years).


RESULTS
The selected pre-employment factors were associated with risk for CHD: HRs (95% CI) were 1.33 (1.03 to 1.73) for family history of CHD, 1.18 (1.05 to 1.32) for each quartile decrease in height and 1.16 (0.99 to 1.35) for each category increase in number of siblings. Psychosocial work factors also predicted CHD: 1.72 (1.08 to 2.74) for low job control and 1.72 (1.10 to 2.67) for low organisational justice. Adjustment for pre-employment factors changed these associations by 4.1% or less.


CONCLUSIONS
In this occupational cohort of British men, the association between psychosocial factors at work and CHD was largely independent of family history of CHD, education, paternal educational attainment and social class, number of siblings and height.
Hintsa
Taina
T
Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 9, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland. taina.hintsa@helsinkifigi
Shipley
Martin J
MJ
Gimeno
David
D
Elovainio
Marko
M
Chandola
Tarani
T
Jokela
Markus
M
Keltikangas-Järvinen
Liisa
L
Vahtera
Jussi
J
Marmot
Michael G
MG
Kivimäki
Mika
M
D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005192:Family Health; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology