title: Low-temperature exfoliated graphenes: vacuum-promoted exfoliation and electrochemical energy storage.
abstract: A preheated high-temperature environment is believed to be critical for a chemical-exfoliation-based production of graphenes starting from graphite oxide, a belief that is based on not only experimental but also theoretical viewpoints. A novel exfoliation approach is reported in this study, and the exfoliation process is realized at a very low temperature, which is far below the proposed critical exfoliation temperature, by introducing a high vacuum to the exfoliation process. Owing to unique surface chemistry, low-temperature exfoliated graphenes demonstrate an excellent energy storage performance, and the electrochemical capacitance is much higher than that of the high-temperature exfoliated ones. The low-temperature exfoliation approach presents us with a possibility for a mass production of graphenes at low cost and great potentials in energy storage applications of graphene-based materials.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Dai-Ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yan-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Cong-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xue-Cheng
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Cheng-Meng
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peng-Xiang
authors.initials: PX
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Quan-Hong
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Yang