title: Craniofacial venous malformations: magnetic resonance imaging features that predict treatment outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Craniofacial venous malformations (VMs) are challenging lesions. Treatment is not routinely indicated unless the benefit and loss have been weighed properly. Therefore it is crucial to predict clinical outcome before treatment. This study was performed to retrospectively determine whether pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are predictive of outcome in patients who undergo sclerotherapy for craniofacial VMs.
  
  
  METHODS
  MRI findings and clinical results of percutaneous sclerotherapy with ethanol and bleomycin A(5) in 69 patients with craniofacial VMs were retrospectively reviewed. Lesions were categorized with MRI based on margins; 51 were limited VMs, and 18 were infiltrating VMs. We performed t test analysis to assess the difference in the number of sclerotherapy sessions between the 2 groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate differences in symptom improvement and satisfaction level between the groups. The difference in complication rates was assessed by chi(2) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The better response to treatment was among the patients with limited VMs. The number of sclerotherapy sessions was 1.9 +/- 1.2 for limited VMs and 3.6 +/- 1.5 for infiltrating VMs, with a significant difference between the groups (P = .0001). The patients with limited VMs were significantly more likely to have better symptom improvement (P = .0001) and a higher satisfaction level (P = .0001). The complication rates of the limited and infiltrating VMs were 18.2% (18/99) and 32.8% (21/64), respectively. A significant difference was found between the groups (P = .033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The feature of lesion margin on MRI before sclerotherapy is an important predictor of treatment outcome for craniofacial VMs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: YunBo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: XiaoXi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: XiaoJie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: MingHua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005145:Face / Q000098:blood supply; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012886:Skull / Q000098:blood supply; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities; D055815:Young Adult