title: An exploratory analysis of the suitability of diets fed to a flightless insectivore, the North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli), in New Zealand.
abstract: The ingredients and the macro- and micro-nutrient contents of diets that are fed to captive kiwi at seven New Zealand holding facilities were subject to analysis. The nutrient compositions were compared across facilities and with an estimate of the nutrient composition of the diets of wild kiwi based on the intake of various dietary ingredients reported in the literature. A total of 20 ingredients were used, the number and proportion of these ingredients varied greatly between facilities. Six of the diets were based primarily on meat and three comprised a mixture of meat and cat biscuits. Just one included a proprietary insectivore mix. Nutrient content varied greatly between the seven diets, organic matter ranging from 91.8 to 95.6%, crude protein from 41.9 to 62.9%, and crude fat from 9.0 to 28.7% of dry matter content. Large variations were found in the total content and profile of amino acids and of fatty acids of the diets. The nutrient content of all seven diets differed from that of the natural diet of wild kiwi. Hence, the presence of nutrient deficiencies in the current formulations cannot be excluded.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. m.potter@massey.ac.nz
authors.forename: Murray A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Wouter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.forename: Roger G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Lentle
authors.forename: Donald V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Charlotte J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Minson
authors.forename: Nicola B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Pindur
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D009753:Nutritive Value; D046108:Palaeognathae / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008903:Minerals