title: The PRaCTICaL study of nurse led, intensive care follow-up programmes for improving long term outcomes from critical illness: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that nurse led follow-up programmes are effective and cost effective in improving quality of life after discharge from intensive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pragmatic, non-blinded, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three UK hospitals (two teaching hospitals and one district general hospital).
  
  
  METHODS
  286 patients aged >or=18 years were recruited after discharge from intensive care between September 2006 and October 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nurse led intensive care follow-up programmes versus standard care. Main outcome measure(s) Health related quality of life (measured with the SF-36 questionnaire) at 12 months after randomisation. A cost effectiveness analysis was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  286 patients were recruited and 192 completed one year follow-up. At 12 months, there was no evidence of a difference in the SF-36 physical component score (mean 42.0 (SD 10.6) v 40.8 (SD 11.9), effect size 1.1 (95% CI -1.9 to 4.2), P=0.46) or the SF-36 mental component score (effect size 0.4 (-3.0 to 3.7), P=0.83). There were no statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes or subgroup analyses. Follow-up programmes were significantly more costly than standard care and are unlikely to be considered cost effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A nurse led intensive care follow-up programme showed no evidence of being effective or cost effective in improving patients' quality of life in the year after discharge from intensive care. Further work should focus on the roles of early physical rehabilitation, delirium, cognitive dysfunction, and relatives in recovery from critical illness. Intensive care units should review their follow-up programmes in light of these results.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN 24294750.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto. brian.cuthbertson@sunnybrook.ca
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Cuthbertson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rattray
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gager
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roughton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Breeman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norrie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jenkinson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Waldmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003422:Critical Care / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000191:economics / Q000451:nursing*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006767:Hospitals, District; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000191:economics; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult