title: The course of inactive hepatitis B in hepatitis-C-coinfected patients treated with interferon and ribavirin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interferon (IFN) combined with ribavirin (RBV) is an effective therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. Those who are coinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), however, might suffer from HBV reactivation. The aim of this study was to assess HBV reactivation in HCV-coinfected inactive HBV carriers following IFN/RBV.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 HBV carriers with <or=4 log(10) copies/ml HBV DNA and with chronic hepatitis C were consecutively evaluated; 22 (16 men, median age 52 years and 11 with cirrhosis) received RBV associated to either standard IFN (n=14) or pegylated (PEG)-IFN-alpha2b (n=8) for 24 or 48 weeks, according to HCV genotype. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HBV DNA (lower limit of quantification 2,000 copies/ml) and HCV RNA (limit of detection 25 IU/ml) were evaluated every 3-6 months during the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine (41%) patients had a sustained virological response (SVR). In 3 patients (14%; 1 SVR and 2 non-responders) serum HBV DNA increased to >4 log(10) copies/ml (range 5.2-6.5 log(10) copies/ml); however, these patients had no ALT flare either on treatment (n=2) or off treatment (n=1). During follow-up, 8 (36%) treated patients and 4 controls lost serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg; annual rate 6.5% versus 6.9%; P-value non-significant), whereas 4 and 2 patients seroconverted to antibodies against HBsAg, respectively. Hepatocellular carcinoma developed in 1 patient with SVR and 1 non-responder under nucleoside therapy for HBV, both with cirrhosis. No patient clinically decompensated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inactive HBV carriers coinfected with HCV might achieve an SVR following IFN/RBV. Combination therapy carries a low risk of on- and off-treatment HBV reactivation and does not prevent HBsAg seroclearance.
authors.affiliation: Angela Maria and Antonio Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease, First Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Maggiore Hospital, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viganò
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aghemo
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iavarone
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rumi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agnelli
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lampertico
authors.forename: Maria Francesca
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Donato
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019259:Lamivudine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; C417083:peginterferon alfa-2b