Consumption of diets with different type of fat influences triacylglycerols-rich lipoproteins particle number and size during the postprandial state.
OBJECTIVE
Previous evidence suggests that dietary fat could influence the composition and size of triacylglycerols-rich lipoproteins (TRL). In a controlled intervention study on healthy subjects, we evaluated the influence of 3 dietary interventions, with different types of fat on postprandial TRL particle size and number.


RESULTS
Volunteers followed three different diets for four weeks each, according to a randomized crossover design. Western diet: 15% protein, 47% carbohydrates (CHO), 38% fat (22% saturated fatty acid (SFA)); Mediterranean diet: 15% protein, 47% CHO, 38% fat (24% monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)); high CHO enriched with ALNA diet: 15% protein, 55% CHO, <30% fat (8% polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)). After a 12-h fast, volunteers consumed a breakfast with 1g fat and 7 mg cholesterol per kg body weight and a fat composition similar to that consumed in each of the diets: Butter meal: 35% SFA; Olive oil meal: 36% MUFA; Walnut meal: 16% PUFA, 4% α-linolenic acid. Tryglicerides (TG) in TRL (large and small TRL) were determined by ultracentrifugation and size and number of lipoprotein particles were measured with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at different time points. The olive oil meal reduced the number of total TRL postprandial particles compared with the other meals (P=0.002). Moreover, the olive oil meal also increased the TRL particle size compared with the walnut meal (P=0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Our data showed that short-term intake of the Mediterranean diet and the acute intake of an olive oil meal lead to the formation of a reduced number and higher-size TRL particle compared with other fat sources. These novel findings have implications for understanding the postprandial lipoprotein mechanisms, and could favour the lower cardiovascular risk in Mediterranean countries.
Perez-Martinez
P
P
Reina Sofia University Hospital, Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. pablopermar@yahoo.es
Ordovas
J M
JM
Garcia-Rios
A
A
Delgado-Lista
J
J
Delgado-Casado
N
N
Cruz-Teno
C
C
Camargo
A
A
Yubero-Serrano
E M
EM
Rodriguez
F
F
Perez-Jimenez
F
F
Lopez-Miranda
J
J
D015992:Body Mass Index; D002079:Butter; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D031324:Juglans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010316:Particle Size; D010938:Plant Oils; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D014461:Ultracentrifugation; D055815:Young Adult
D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D002079:Butter