title: Analysis of genetic variability and whole genome linkage of whole-brain, subcortical, and ependymal hyperintense white matter volume.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cerebral volume of T2-hyperintense white matter (HWM) is an important neuroimaging marker of cerebral integrity. Pathophysiology studies identified that subcortical and ependymal HWM are produced by 2 different mechanisms but shared a common risk factor: high arterial pulse pressure. Recent studies have demonstrated high heritability of the whole-brain HMW volume and reported significant and suggestive evidence of genetic linkage. We performed heritability and whole-genome linkage analysis to replicate previous reported findings and to study shared genetic variance, and possible overlap for specific loci, between subcortical and ependymal HWM volumes in a population of healthy Mexican Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The volumes of subcortical and ependymal HWM regions were measured from high-resolution (1 mm(3)), 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images acquired for 459 (283 females, 176 males) active participants in the San Antonio Family Heart Study. Subjects ranged in age from 19 to 85 years of age (47.9+/-13.5 years) and were part of 49 families (9.4+/-8.5 individuals per family).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The volumes of whole-brain, subcortical, and ependymal HWM were highly heritable (h(2)=0.72, 0.66, and 0.73, respectively). The subcortical and ependymal HWM volumes shared 21% of genetic variability indicating significant pleiotropy. Genomewide linkage analysis showed only a suggestive bivariate linkage for subcortical and ependymal HWM volumes (log of odds=2.12) on chromosome 1 at 288 cM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We replicated previous findings of high heritability for the whole-brain HWM volume. We also showed that subcortical and ependymal volume shared a significant portion of genetic variability and the bivarate linkage analysis produced a suggestive linkage near the locus previously identified in a study of whole-brain HWM volume and arterial pulse pressure.
authors.affiliation: Research Imaging Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA. kochunov@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kochunov
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glahn
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Ravindranath
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duggirala
authors.forename: Rene L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Olvera
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almasy
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blangero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015170:Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D004805:Ependyma / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D056784:Leukoencephalopathies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers