title: Maternal protein restriction during early lactation induces changes on neutrophil activation and TNF-alpha production of adult offspring.
abstract: Maternal nutritional environmental in early life has been often associated with long term effects on the immune response in adulthood. The effects of maternal protein deprivation during early lactation on neutrophil-mediated innate immunity were investigated in adult rats, offspring of dams fed with a protein-free diet during the first days of lactation (PD), and compared to controls (22% protein diet). Inflamed PD animals showed an inhibited neutrophil migration and an impaired recruitment of leukocytes from bone marrow pool to circulation. In resting conditions, blood neutrophils from PD present reduced phagocytic activity, increased production of O(2) (-) and NO, basal iNOS expression and constitutive NF-kappaB activation. Moreover, PD rats also show high circulating levels of TNF-alpha and increased expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in the spleen and liver. The data indicate that maternal nutritional stress can interfere on the innate immune response in adulthood, imprinting permanent alterations on cytokine production and neutrophil activation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87 fds,Vila Izabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Erica P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Garcia-Souza
authors.forename: Aníbal S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barja-Fidalgo
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat