title: Urethrocutaneous fistula after hypospadias repair: outcome of three types of closure techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcomes of three surgical techniques for the closure of urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) after hypospadias repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients (mean age 6.5 years) who underwent UCF closure between June 1998 and February 2008 were divided in to three groups depending on fistula size; group I had <2 mm and (n = 17, 33.4%), group II had 2-4 mm (n = 21, 41.2%) and group III had >4 mm or multiple fistulas (n = 13, 25.4%). Group I patients were treated by excision and simple closure. Patients in group II and III were treated with flip flap technique along with the wrapping of repaired area with scrotal dartos flap and tunneled tunica vaginalis flap (TVF), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean surgical time was 45 min (range 30-55), 60 min (range 50-75) and 80 min (range 60-100) in three techniques, respectively. The mean follow-up was 3.5 years (range 6 months-10 years). No patient had recurrence of fistula in group III, while 2 (9.5%) and 4 (25.4%) patients in groups II and I, respectively, had recurrent UCF. No postoperative complications were encountered in the testis or the scrotum. No patient had torsion or deviation of penis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple fistula closure carries a higher risk of recurrence even in small sized fistulas. The application of scrotal dartos or TVF for wrapping the repaired area gives excellent results and they are easy to harvest with no harmful effects on the scrotum or testis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology , SGPGIMS, Lucknow, UP, India.
authors.forename: Kaliyaperumal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muruganandham
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandhani
authors.forename: Aneesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Anant
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D017577:Cutaneous Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*