title: Audio-recorded guided imagery treatment reduces functional abdominal pain in children: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to develop and to test a home-based, guided imagery treatment protocol, using audio and video recordings, that is easy for health care professionals and patients to use, is inexpensive, and is applicable to a wide range of health care settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four children, 6 to 15 years of age, with a physician diagnosis of functional abdominal pain were assigned randomly to receive 2 months of standard medical care with or without home-based, guided imagery treatment. Children who received only standard medical care initially received guided imagery treatment after 2 months. Children were monitored for 6 months after completion of guided imagery treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All treatment materials were reported to be self-explanatory, enjoyable, and easy to understand and to use. The compliance rate was 98.5%. In an intention-to-treat analysis, 63.1% of children in the guided imagery treatment group were treatment responders, compared with 26.7% in the standard medical care-only group (P = .03; number needed to treat: 3). Per-protocol analysis showed similar results (73.3% vs 28.6% responders). When the children in the standard medical care group also received guided imagery treatment, 61.5% became treatment responders. Treatment effects were maintained for 6 months (62.5% responders).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Guided imagery treatment plus medical care was superior to standard medical care only for the treatment of abdominal pain, and treatment effects were sustained over a long period.
authors.affiliation: Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. tilburg@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Miranda A L
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Tilburg
authors.forename: Denesh K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chitkara
authors.forename: Olafur S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Palsson
authors.forename: Marsha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Nanette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blois-Martin
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulshen
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Whitehead
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D013637:Tape Recording