title: Detailed cytogenetic and array analysis of pediatric primitive sarcomas reveals a recurrent CIC-DUX4 fusion gene event.
abstract: Pediatric undifferentiated soft tissue sarcomas (USTS) are a diagnostically challenging group of neoplasms. Recently, a subcategory of USTS with primitive round cell morphology and a t(4;19)(q35;q13) rearrangement has been defined. The present study applied high-throughput array comparative genomic hybridization together with spectral karyotyping, four-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to a series of three pediatric USTS. Two of these had primitive round cell morphology with CD99 positivity; the third had a spindled and myxoid appearance. By genomic analyses, both primitive round cell sarcomas had t(4;19)(q35;q13) [corrected] rearrangements in addition to several imbalances throughout the genome. Four-color FISH and in silico analyses of the breakpoint region at 19q13 identified the potential involvement of the candidate oncogene CIC. By RT-PCR, fusion transcripts involving CIC (19q13) and DUX4 (4q35) were confirmed to be present in both primitive round cell sarcomas, further defining the breakpoints seen by genomic analysis. Described here are two tumors belonging to the rare category of CIC-DUX4-positive primitive sarcomas, with detailed cytogenetic and genomic information regarding this novel subclass of pediatric malignancy. Molecular and cytogenetic techniques for the detection of the CIC-DUX4 fusion gene are described, to aid in recognition and diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Maisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: Cassandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chilton-MacNeill
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shago
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Squire
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zielenska
authors.forename: Gino R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Somers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D032681:Spectral Karyotyping; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: C498610:CIC protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C121257:DUX4L1 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D012097:Repressor Proteins