title: Seated bilateral leg exercise effects on hemiparetic lower extremity function in chronic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing (BATRAC) improves hemiparetic upper extremity (UE) function in stroke. It is unknown whether a similar exercise for the hemiparetic lower extremity (LE) is effective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors sought to test whether the BATRAC strategy would transfer to the legs by improving LE motor function following ten 30-minute sessions of bilateral leg training with rhythmic auditory cueing (BLETRAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four chronic stroke participants, recruited from the community, were randomized to either the BLETRAC or the BATRAC intervention. Assessments were performed before (week 0) and after (week 6) training as well as 3 months later (week 18). Change in the Fugl-Meyer LE and UE subscales served as primary outcomes. Timed 10-m walk, movement parameters during treadmill walking, and a repetitive aiming task for both feet and hands were the secondary outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following an intention-to-treat approach, data from 21 subjects were analyzed. After training, improvements in the Fugl-Meyer LE and UE subscales tended to be better for the corresponding intervention group. The BLETRAC group also showed increases in step length during treadmill walking and performance in the repetitive foot and hand aiming tasks. No differences between the intervention groups were found at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This exploratory trial demonstrates that transfer of the BATRAC approach to the legs is feasible. Transient improvements of limb motor function in chronic stroke participants were induced by targeted exercise (BATRAC for the UE and BLETRAC for the LE). It may be that further periods of training would increase and maintain effects.
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom. l.johannsen@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johannsen
authors.forename: Alan Miles
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wing
authors.forename: Trudy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pelton
authors.forename: Kizito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitaka
authors.forename: Doerte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zietz
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brittle
authors.forename: Paulette
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Vliet
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riddoch
authors.forename: Cath
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sackley
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McManus
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003463:Cues; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking