title: How to identify the asymptomatic high-risk patient?
abstract: Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity with ever-increasing prevalence. Early targeted initiation of preventive measures would be of great benefit and can provide a major opportunity in reducing mortality and morbidity. To this end, accurate identification of individuals who are still asymptomatic but at elevated risk is essential. However, traditional risk assessment fails to recognize a substantial proportion of patients at high risk while a large proportion of individuals are classified as having intermediate risk, leaving management uncertain. Additional strategies to further refine risk assessment are therefore highly needed. To this end, the use of biomarkers and noninvasive imaging modalities has been proposed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the different approaches that are available or under development to improve the identification of asymptomatic individuals at elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases events.
authors.forename: Joanne D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schuijf
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Achenbach
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Zoghbi
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boersma
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raggi
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Eike
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: Jagat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narula
authors.forename: Frans J Th
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Wackers
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poldermans
authors.forename: Jeroen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D002097:C-Reactive Protein