title: Lethality of home-style dehydrator processes against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and salmonella serovars in the manufacture of ground-and-formed beef jerky and the potential for using a pathogen surrogate in process validation.
abstract: Ground-and-formed beef jerky can be made easily at home with ground beef and kits that include spice, cure, and jerky-forming equipment. Ground beef poses inherent risks of illness due to Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella contamination, making adequate pathogen lethality important in jerky manufacturing. We evaluated the effectiveness of drying regimes at eliminating E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in seasoned ground-and-formed beef jerky manufactured with three home-style dehydrators and one small commercial unit. Inoculated jerky strips were dried for up to 12 or 24 h in a home-style or the commercial unit, respectively, with target drying temperatures ranging from 51.7 degrees C (125 degrees F) to 71.1 degrees C (160 degrees F). Pathogen lethality varied with seasoning, temperature, and drying time (n = 288 samples). Lethality against E. coli O157:H7 ranged from 1.5 log CFU (Jerky Xpress, 57.2 degrees C [135 degrees F], 4 h) to 6.4 log CFU (Gardenmaster, 68.3 degrees C [155 degrees F], 12 h), and varied with seasoning. Lethality against Salmonella ranged from 1.7 log CFU (Jerky Xpress, 57.2 degrees C [135 degrees F], 4 h) to 6.0 log CFU (Gardenmaster, 68.3 degrees C [155 degrees F], 12 h), and also varied with seasoning. There was a > or =5-log CFU reduction in both pathogens in 0, 10, and 27 % of samples at 4, 8, and 12 h, respectively. Heating jerky for 10 min at 135 degrees C (275 degrees F) 4 or 6 h postdrying increased lethality, on average, 2.99 log CFU for Salmonella and 3.02 log CFU for E. coli O157:H7. The use of a lactic acid bacterium culture (Pediococcus spp.) as a pathogen surrogate accurately predicted safety in 28 % of samples containing E. coli O157:H7 and 78% of Salmonella-inoculated samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Drive Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Borowski
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ingham
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ingham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003890:Desiccation / Q000379:methods*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000254:growth & development*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors