title: Twin preterm neonates with cardiac toxicity related to lopinavir/ritonavir therapy.
abstract: We report twin neonates who were born prematurely at 32 weeks of gestation to a mother with human immunodeficiency virus infection. One of the twins developed complete heart block and dilated cardiomyopathy related to lopinavir/ritonavir therapy, a boosted protease-inhibitor agent, while the other twin developed mild bradycardia. We recommend caution in the use of lopinavir/ritonavir in the immediate neonatal period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0371, USA.
authors.forename: Monica A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: Stella U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kalu
authors.forename: Arlen R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Foulks
authors.forename: Ashraf M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.forename: Sunil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Janak A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000139:chemically induced; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006327:Heart Block; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D061466:Lopinavir; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014427:Twins
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D061466:Lopinavir; D019438:Ritonavir