title: Psychological distress among male patients and male spouses: what do oncologists need to know?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the current study was to strengthen the knowledge of oncologists concerning psychological distress and social support among married and unmarried male cancer patients and healthy male spouses of female cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of men were recruited from three major cancer centers in Israel: 185 married colon and rectal cancer patients, 54 single (unmarried) colon and rectal cancer patients, and 153 male spouses of female cancer patients. Participants were evaluated on four standardized instruments measuring psychological distress, coping, and social support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 42.6% of the participants reported on a clinical level of psychological distress, with the highest rates (61.1%) among the single (unmarried) patients. Distress was negatively correlated to Karnofsky score and coping variables among all study groups. Distress was significantly and negatively correlated to social support variables among the spouses and married patients but not among the single patient groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social support received by male cancer patients from friends and family may be mediated by spouse support. As a result, single male patients are at higher risk for psychological distress. Male spouses were also found to have high rates of distress. These two groups need special attention by oncologists.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychology Section, The School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv-Yafo, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goldzweig
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Graz University Hospital, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andritsch
authors.affiliation: Digestive Tract Tumors Unit, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.affiliation: The GI Oncology Unit, The Institute of Oncology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach-Tivka, Israel.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.affiliation: Oncology Unit, The Institute of Oncology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Walach
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Oncology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach-Tivka, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.affiliation: Department of Psycho-Oncology, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: rnlobel@bezeqint.net.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baider
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000193:education; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*