title: Fissurectomy combined with botulinum toxin A injection for medically resistant chronic anal fissures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemical sphincterotomy, the use of pharmacological agents to reduce anal sphincter resting pressure, has become more and more popular in the treatment of chronic anal fissures (CAFs). It offers the possibility to avoid a lateral internal sphincterotomy and its associated risk of incontinence. In our hospital, patient with a chronic anal fissure are consecutively treated with isosorbide dinitrate 1% ointment, applied 6 times a day for 8 weeks, followed by diltiazem 2% ointment, applied 2 times a day for 8 weeks and Botulin Toxin A injections (Dysport; Ipsen, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands) in the internal anal sphincter. In a previous study (1), we describe high healing rates with this regime. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the combination of fissurectomy and Botulin Toxin A in the treatment of CAFs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients (10 male patients, median age 48 years) with persistent symptoms of chronic anal fissures after following the above mentioned treatment, were enrolled in this study. Fissurectomy was combined with Botulinum Toxin A (80 U of Dysport) under regional anaesthesia in day care. Results After 12 weeks 19/21 CAFs (90%) had healed. Median follow-up was 16 (9-30) months. No recurrences were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fissurectomy in combination with Botulinum Toxin A injection in the internal anal sphincter is an effective treatment for medically resistant CAFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Klaase
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003672:Defecation; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A