title: Moderate consumption of red wine, but not gin, decreases erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity: a randomised cross-over trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have shown that moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, a disease related to oxidative stress. However, the effects of different alcoholic beverages on antioxidant status are not fully known. Our aim was therefore to compare the effects of a moderate intake of an alcoholic beverage with high polyphenol content (red wine) and another without polyphenol content (gin) on plasma antioxidant vitamins, lipid profile and oxidability of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty healthy men (mean age, 38 years) were included in a randomised cross-over trial. After a 15-day washout period, subjects received 30 g/ethanol/d as either wine or gin for 28 days. Diet and exercise were monitored. Before and after each intervention, we measured serum vitamins, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities, lipid profile, oxidized LDL and LDL resistance to ex-vivo oxidative stress. Compared to gin intervention, wine intake reduced plasma SOD activity [-8.1 U/gHb (95% confidence interval, CI, -138 to -25; P=0.009)] and MDA levels [-11.9 nmol/L (CI, -21.4 to-2.5; P=0.020)]. Lag phase time of LDL oxidation analysis also increased 11.0 min (CI, 1.2-20.8; P=0.032) after wine, compared to gin, whereas no differences were observed between the two interventions in oxidation rate of LDL particles. Peroxide concentration in LDL particles also decreased after wine [-0.18 nmol/mL (CI, -0.3 to-0.08;P=0.020)], as did plasma oxidized LDL concentrations [-11.0 U/L (CI,-17.3 to -6.1; P=0.009)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to gin, red wine intake has greater antioxidant effects, probably due to its high polyphenolic content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. restruch@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sacanella
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiva-Blanch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antúnez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casals
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deulofeu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rotilio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andres-Lacueva
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Gaetano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urbano-Marquez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D014815:Vitamins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase