title: Cognitive and daily functioning in older adults with vegetative symptoms of depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In primary care 50-95% of patients with depression present with vegetative symptoms (VS). Based on the extant literature, older adults showing VS (but no dysphoria) may show functional impairment but this hypothesis has not been empirically tested. The goal of this study was to examine neurocognitive and daily functioning of elderly patients showing exclusively VS in comparison with patients presenting with VS and dysphoria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred and eighty-seven primary care patients received measures of neurocognition and daily functioning. Neurocognition was measured with the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS). Three groups were compared: (1) patients with two or more VS of depression without dysphoria (VS - D), (2) patients with at least one VS and dysphoria (VS + D), and (3) comparison patients without multiple VS or dysphoria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly one third of the sample (31%) fell into the VS - D group, whereas 15% fell into the VS + D group. Both VS groups showed poorer neurocognition and activities of daily living than comparisons. Only one subtest of the RBANS (i.e., picture naming) showed a significant difference between VS + D and VS - D, and there was no significant difference on daily functioning. VS - D patients reported less frequent past history of depression and endorsed less anxiety compared to VS + D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients presenting with clusters of VS with or without dysphoria show poorer neurocognitive and functional performance. Relative poorer cognition and daily functioning in VS - D are potential harbingers of further decline and consistent with under-reporting of sadness in older age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA. sergio-paradiso@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paradiso
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: Jatin G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoth
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mold
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001070:Appetitive Behavior; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis