title: Virologic survey of dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of viral detection in conjunctival samples from client-owned domestic dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis and to identify signalment, historical, and clinical findings positively associated with viral detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis and a control population of 30 dogs without ocular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete physical and ophthalmic examinations were performed for each dog. Conjunctival swab specimens were analyzed by use of virus isolation and PCR assays for the following viruses: canine adenovirus-2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1), canine parainfuenza virus, canine respiratory coronavirus, infuenza A virus, and West Nile virus. Signalment, clinical, and historical information was recorded and compared between study groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Viruses were detected by either virus isolation or PCR methods significantly more frequently in conjunctival samples from dogs with conjunctivitis (7/30 [23.3%]) than dogs without conjunctivitis (0/30 [0%]). Canine herpesvirus-1 was isolated from 2 conjunctival samples and detected by use of PCR assay in 5 conjunctival samples. Canine adenovirus-2 was isolated from 1 conjunctival sample and detected by use of PCR assay in 2 conjunctiva samples. Sexually intact dogs and frequent exposure to dogs outside the household were positively associated with viral detection in the conjunctivitis group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that CHV-1 and CAV-2 are common etiologic agents of conjunctivitis in domestic dogs. Risk factors for viral conjunctivitis in dogs reflected increased exposure to other dogs and opportunities for contact with infectious secretions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ec132@cornell.edu
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ledbetter
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hornbuckle
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dubovi
mesh_terms: D006516:Adenoviruses, Canine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D003236:Conjunctivitis, Viral / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D002184:Herpesvirus 1, Canid / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000662:veterinary*