title: Cortisol and alpha amylase reactivity and timing of puberty: vulnerabilities for antisocial behaviour in young adolescents.
abstract: The theoretical framework proposed that cortisol and saliva alpha amylase (sAA) reactivitiy are vulnerabilities for antisocial behaviour. These indices of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic-adrenal-medulary (SAM) components of the stress system, respectively, were considered vulnerabilities that also interact with the putative stressful transition of timing of puberty to predispose adolescents toward antisocial behaviour. The sample consisted of 8- to-13-year-old boys and girls (N=135) and a parent. For boys, timing of puberty moderated the association between cortisol and sAA reactivity and antisocial behaviour. Higher cortisol reactivity in later timing boys was related to a composite index of antisocial behaviour and rule-breaking behaviour problems. In contrast, lower sAA reactivity and earlier timing of puberty in boys was related to rule breaking and conduct disorder symptoms. The interaction between timing of puberty and HPA or SAM regulation and timing of puberty in boys suggests that reproductive, neuroendocrine mechanisms may be involved in the extensively documented adverse consequences of off-time pubertal development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 314 Health and Human Development East, University Park, PA 16802, USA. esusman@psu.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Susman
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dockray
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.forename: Keeva T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Blades
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Randazzo
authors.forename: Jodi A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: Lorah D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Dorn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011627:Puberty / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D055291:Salivary alpha-Amylases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D055291:Salivary alpha-Amylases; D006854:Hydrocortisone