title: 4. Cervical radicular pain.
abstract: Cervical radicular pain is defined as pain perceived as arising in the arm caused by irritation of a cervical spinal nerve or its roots. Approximately 1 person in 1,000 suffers from cervical radicular pain. In the absence of a gold standard, the diagnosis is based on a combination of history, clinical examination, and (potentially) complementary examination. Medical imaging may show abnormalities, but those findings may not correlate with the patient's pain. Electrophysiologic testing may be requested when nerve damage is suspected but will not provide quantitative/qualitative information about the pain. The presumed causative level may be confirmed by means of selective diagnostic blocks. Conservative treatment typically consists of medication and physical therapy. There are no studies assessing the effectiveness of different types of medication specifically in patients suffering cervical radicular pain. Cochrane reviews did not find sufficient proof of efficacy for either education or cervical traction. When conservative treatment fails, interventional treatment may be considered. For subacute cervical radicular pain, the available evidence on efficacy and safety supports a recommendation (2B+) of interlaminar cervical epidural corticosteroid administration. A recent negative randomized controlled trial of transforaminal cervical epidural corticosteroid administration, coupled with an increasing number of reports of serious adverse events, warrants a negative recommendation (2B-). Pulsed radiofrequency treatment adjacent to the cervical dorsal root ganglion is a recommended treatment for chronic cervical radicular pain (1B+). When its effect is insufficient or of short duration, conventional radiofrequency treatment is recommended (2B+). In selected patients with cervical radicular pain, refractory to other treatment options, spinal cord stimulation may be considered. This treatment should be performed in specialized centers, preferentially study related.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium. jan.van.zundert@zol.be
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Zundert
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huntoon
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patijn
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lataster
authors.forename: Nagy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mekhail
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Kleef
mesh_terms: D002985:Clinical Protocols / Q000592:standards*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*