title: External ear reconstruction in hemifacial microsomia.
abstract: Restoration of a missing external ear is important for the child/adult with craniofacial deformities to achieve balance and harmony of the face and head. Ear reconstruction is not an isolated requirement, however. For 2 reasons, we believe that external ear reconstruction is an integral part of craniofacial reconstruction: (1) the auricle is located, not in the face mask, but just outside the face mask, and projects onto the posterior part of the temporal bone; and (2) isolated microtia may be an early clinical marker of hemifacial microsomia. This is the first English-language article describing the specific requirement for external ear reconstruction in hemifacial microsomia. It may also be the first article to describe the long-term follow-up of 2-stage ear reconstruction in hemifacial microsomia. After reviewing the long-term results, we offer recommendations on the management of microtia in hemifacial microsomia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan. kleenexmd@aol.com
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yorozuya-Shibazaki
mesh_terms: D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D002648:Child; D004431:Ear, External / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000601:surgery*; D005205:Fascia / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult