title: Simulating the dissipation of two herbicides using micro paddy lysimeters.
abstract: A set of packed micro paddy lysimeters, placed in a greenhouse, was used to simulate the dissipation of two herbicides, simetryn and thiobencarb, in a controlled environment. Data from a field monitoring study in 2003, including the soil condition and water balances, were used in the simulation. The herbicides were applied and monitored over a period of 21 d. The water balances under two water management scenarios, intermittent irrigation management (AI) and continuous irrigation management (CI), were simulated. In the AI scenario, the pattern of herbicide dissipation in the surface water of the field were simulated, following the first-order kinetics. In the CI scenario, similarity was observed in most lysimeter and field concentrations, but there were differences in some data points. Dissipation curves of both herbicides in the surface water of the two simulated scenarios were not significantly different (P>0.05) from the field data except for intercept of the thiobencarb curve in the CI scenario. The distribution of simetryn and thiobencarb in the soil profile after simulation were also similar to the field data. The highest concentrations of both herbicides were found on the topsoil layer at 0-2.5 cm depth. Only a small amount of herbicides moved down to the deeper soil layers. Micro paddy lysimeters are thus a good alternative for the dissipation study of pesticides in the paddy environment.
authors.affiliation: Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Dang Thi Tuyet
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Nhung
authors.forename: Thai Khanh
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Phong
authors.forename: Hirozumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwafune
authors.forename: Dang Quoc
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Thuyet
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000378:metabolism*; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C033807:simetryn; C037925:benthiocarb