title: Telehealth in clinical supervision: a comparison of supervision formats.
abstract: Nine counselling psychology students were enrolled in a 12-week pilot practicum (i.e. a work placement) for either one hour of course credit (six students) or three hours (three students). Group supervision was provided both in-person and by videoconferencing. Each trainee completed a measure evaluating their satisfaction with supervision (Supervisory Satisfaction Questionnaire, SSQ) and the supervisory relationship (Supervisory Working Alliance Inventory-Trainee Version, SWAI-T). The student's self-efficacy was also tracked during the semester (Counselling Self-Estimate Inventory, COSE). Trainees rated their satisfaction with videoconferencing similarly to the in-person format. The supervisory relationship also did not appear to be affected by the videoconferencing format. The COSE scores indicated that the students increased in counsellor self-efficacy by the end of the semester. Trainees reported that their supervisory needs were met and believed that videoconferencing was a viable format for supervision, although such a format still needed to be augmented by in-person contact. Providing better access to supervision and professional support using technology is one step towards improving health care in rural areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0017, USA. jeff.reese@uky.edu
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Reese
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aldarondo
authors.forename: Charlotte R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Seong-Jik
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011231:Preceptorship / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D011584:Psychology / Q000193:education*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D049269:Videoconferencing / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult