title: Filgrastim and antibiotics treatment reduces neutropenia severity in solid cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neutropenia has a detrimental effect on cancer patients' quality of life, also possibly resulting in a reduction in the chemotherapy dose which could lead to an increment in the size of a cancer. The main danger associated with neutropenia is the risk of bacterial, fungal or viral infection, which may lead to patient death. Treatment including granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSF, filgrastim) so as to increase the body immunity is given to neutropenic patients with no infection i.e., absence of fever. However, when infection is present, antibiotics such as ceftazidime, imipenem and vancomycin need to be used.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to find the association between neutropenia severity and treatment with filgrastim (Neupogen) alone or in combination with antibiotics in solid cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an observational retrospective study on 117 cases suffering from neutropenia after chemotherapy administration. The patients were admitted to a government hospital for cancer treatment between the years 2003-2006. The types of data collected were categorical and not normally distributed, covering demography, chemotherapy, severity of neutropenia (classified on absolute neutrophil count into mild, moderate and severe) and treatment of neutropenia, either filgrastim (Neupogen) alone or in combination with antibiotics. Statistical tests used were the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority (69.2%) of the patients were treated with filgrastim (81) alone, only 30.8% receiving the combination. Significant associations between both treatments and neutropenia severity. Both Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests showed P= 0.001. Logistic regression showed that filgrastim is the major treatment for severe neutropenic patients since the result showed an infinity (E) and P= 0.001 for filgrastim alone more than its combination with antibiotic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of filgrastim is highly associated with treatment of severe neutropenia in solid cancer patients who received chemotherapy. So filgrastim is considered as the drug of choice in the presence of severe neutropenic cases.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Discipline, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. bassamsunny@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Bassam Abdul Rasool
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Zuraidah Binti Mohd
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Yusoff
authors.forename: Saad Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Othman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D000069585:Filgrastim; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000069585:Filgrastim