title: Incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the treatment of choice for benign gallbladder disease. Gallbladder cancers have been found following LC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the survival outcome and prognosis of incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed after LC.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2002 to December 2007, 3,145 patients underwent LC at the Department of Surgery, Korea University Medical Center. Of these, 33 patients (1.05%) were diagnosed with gallbladder cancer after LC. Clinicopathological characteristics were retrospectively reviewed in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 33 patients studied, 9 were men and 24 were women. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy alone was performed in 26 patients, and additional radical surgery was performed in 7 others. Regarding tumor staging, there were 2 Tis, 6 T1a, 4 T1b, 17 T2, and 4 T3 tumors. Male patients had a significantly higher incidence of moderately and poorly differentiated tumors (P < 0.001), T2 and T3 tumors (P = 0.02), additional second operations (P = 0.046), and recurrence (P = 0.016). The cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 87.2, 73.1, and 47.0%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that significant prognostic factors for poorer survival were male gender (P = 0.026), age older than 65 years (P = 0.013), the presence of inflammation (P = 0.009), moderately or poorly differentiated tumor (P < 0.001), nonpolypoid gross type (P = 0.003), and pT stage (P < 0.001). Tumor differentiation was a significantly independent predictor of poor prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male patients exhibited aggressive tumor characteristics. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an adequate treatment for pT1 tumors. For pT2 and pT3 patients, additional radical surgery might be needed to achieve a tumor-free surgical margin, along with lymph node dissection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Gurodong, Guro-gu, Seoul, Korea. csbroad@hanmail.net
authors.forename: Sae Byeol
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyung Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chung Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Wan Bae
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae-Jin
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Sung Ock
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Young Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis