title: Evidence for IL-6 promoter nuclear activation in U937 cells stimulated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium porins.
abstract: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine and plays an active role in inflammatory and immune responses, contributing to a multitude of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In this study, we address the molecular mechanism of IL-6 transcriptional induction and propose a correlation between activated NF-kappaB localization and IL-6 expression. In particular, we detected, by ChIP assay, that occupation of the IL-6 gene promoter site is dependent on activated NF-kappaB. In fact, after porin stimulation, the NF-kappaB p65 subunit is activated, translocates to the nucleus and binds to the IL-6 promoter sequence.Elucidation of the host signaling pathways and identification of the transcription factors that contribute to IL-6 expression, may aid in the understanding of host susceptibility to gram-negative infections and in identifying new therapeutic strategies in a variety of infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Emiliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Finamore
authors.forename: Mariateresa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vitiello
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Isanto
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galdiero
authors.forename: Annarita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falanga
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kampanaraki
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raieta
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galdiero
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics*; D016384:Consensus Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D003720:Densitometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018272:Porins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018272:Porins; D012333:RNA, Messenger