title: The key role of segmented filamentous bacteria in the coordinated maturation of gut helper T cell responses.
abstract: Microbiota-induced cytokine responses participate in gut homeostasis, but the cytokine balance at steady-state and the role of individual bacterial species in setting the balance remain elusive. Herein, systematic analysis of gnotobiotic mice indicated that colonization by a whole mouse microbiota orchestrated a broad spectrum of proinflammatory T helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and regulatory T cell responses whereas most tested complex microbiota and individual bacteria failed to efficiently stimulate intestinal T cell responses. This function appeared the prerogative of a restricted number of bacteria, the prototype of which is the segmented filamentous bacterium, a nonculturable Clostridia-related species, which could largely recapitulate the coordinated maturation of T cell responses induced by the whole mouse microbiota. This bacterium, already known as a potent inducer of mucosal IgA, likely plays a unique role in the postnatal maturation of gut immune functions. Changes in the infant flora may thus influence the development of host immune responses.
authors.affiliation: INRA, U910, Unité Ecologie et Physiologie du Système Digestif, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France. valerie.gaboriau-routhiau@inserm.fr
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gaboriau-Routhiau
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rakotobe
authors.forename: Emelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lécuyer
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Annaïg
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bridonneau
authors.forename: Violaine
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rochet
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pisi
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Paepe
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brandi
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eberl
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Snel
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cerf-Bensussan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000276:immunology; D003013:Clostridium / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020381:Interleukin-17