title: Calcium aluminate, RGD-modified calcium aluminate, and beta-tricalcium phosphate implants in a calvarial defect.
abstract: Calcium aluminate (CaAl), arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-modified CaAl, and beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) implants were studied in a rat calvarial critical-sized defect model. The rates of newly formed bone and osteointegration were measured using 3 different methods: radiography, micro-computed tomography, and histologic examination. After 4 weeks, there was no new bone formed and no signs of osteointegration into the skull bone in the CaAl or arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-modified CaAl groups, and thick fibrous capsules were visible around the whole circumference of the implants in both groups. In the beta-TCP group, neovascularization of the implant was observed, which is consistent with the early phase of new bone formation. In addition, in the beta-TCP group, signs of implant integration into the host tissue were evident at 4 weeks. There was no soft tissue reaction around the beta-TCP implant. These observations suggest that more specific adhesion peptides may be needed to activate the bioinert CaAl implant and promote bone formation in the craniofacial skeleton.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Natasa D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Miljkovic
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Shelby L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hott
authors.forename: Brian F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Disalle
authors.forename: Ellen S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gawalt
authors.forename: Darren M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: Kacey G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Marra
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D009842:Oligopeptides; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; C035219:calcium aluminate; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid