Generating diversity: Mechanisms regulating the differentiation of autonomic neuron phenotypes.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons innervate a wide range of target tissues. The subpopulation of neurons innervating each target tissue can express unique combinations of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, ion channels and receptors, which together comprise the chemical phenotype of the neurons. The target-specific chemical phenotype shown by autonomic postganglionic neurons arises during development. In this review, we examine the different mechanisms that generate such a diversity of neuronal phenotypes from the pool of apparently homogenous neural crest progenitor cells that form the sympathetic ganglia. There is evidence that the final chemical phenotype of autonomic postganglionic neurons is generated by both signals at the level of the cell body that trigger cell-autonomous programs, as well as signals from the target tissues they innervate.
Cane
K N
KN
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Anderson
C R
CR
D000818:Animals; D001338:Autonomic Fibers, Postganglionic / Q000166:cytology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000166:cytology*; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000166:cytology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000502:physiology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000196:embryology
D007473:Ion Channels; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D014157:Transcription Factors