title: Profiles of the biosynthesis and metabolism of pyridine nucleotides in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.).
abstract: As part of a research program on nucleotide metabolism in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.), profiles of pyridine (nicotinamide) metabolism were examined based on the in situ metabolic fate of radio-labelled precursors and the in vitro activities of enzymes. In potato tubers, [(3)H]quinolinic acid, which is an intermediate of de novo pyridine nucleotide synthesis, and [(14)C]nicotinamide, a catabolite of NAD, were utilised for pyridine nucleotide synthesis. The in situ tracer experiments and in vitro enzyme assays suggest the operation of multiple pyridine nucleotide cycles. In addition to the previously proposed cycle consisting of seven metabolites, we found a new cycle that includes newly discovered nicotinamide riboside deaminase which is also functional in potato tubers. This cycle bypasses nicotinamide and nicotinic acid; it is NAD --> nicotinamide mononucleotide --> nicotinamide riboside --> nicotinic acid riboside --> nicotinic acid mononucleotide --> nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide --> NAD. Degradation of the pyridine ring was extremely low in potato tubers. Nicotinic acid glucoside is formed from nicotinic acid in potato tubers. Comparative studies of [carboxyl-(14)C]nicotinic acid metabolism indicate that nicotinic acid is converted to nicotinic acid glucoside in all organs of potato plants. Trigonelline synthesis from [carboxyl-(14)C]nicotinic acid was also found. Conversion was greater in green parts of plants, such as leaves and stem, than in underground parts of potato plants. Nicotinic acid utilised for the biosynthesis of these conjugates seems to be derived not only from the pyridine nucleotide cycle, but also from the de novo synthesis of nicotinic acid mononucleotide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Riko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katahira
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashihara
mesh_terms: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009243:NAD / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D035281:Plant Tubers / Q000201:enzymology; D017378:Quinolinic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009711:Nucleotides; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D009243:NAD; D014316:Tritium; D009536:Niacinamide; C018348:nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide; D017378:Quinolinic Acid