G and P types of circulating rotavirus strains in the United States during 1996-2005: nine years of prevaccine data.
BACKGROUND
Rotavirus vaccine was recommended for routine use among US infants in 2006. To provide prevaccine data, we conducted strain surveillance for 9 consecutive seasons during 1996-2005.


METHODS
Using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction genotyping and nucleotide sequencing, we determined P/G genotypes of >3100 rotavirus strains collected in up to 12 cities each year from different US regions.


RESULTS
The most prevalent strain globally, P[8] G1, was the most prevalent each year in the United States (overall, 78.5% of strains; range, 60.0%-93.9%), and 9.2% of the samples were P[4] G2, 3.6% were P[8] G9, 1.7% were P[8] G3, and 0.8% were P[8] G4. Genotype P[6] G9, which emerged in 1995, was detected continuously for several seasons (from 1996-1997 to 2000-2001, 0.2%-5.4%) but was not identified in the subsequent 4 seasons. Single or a few detections of rare genotypes (eg, P[6] G12, P[9] G6, and P[9] G3) were observed during several rotavirus seasons at frequencies of 0.5%-1.7% and, overall, comprised 0.6% of all the samples from the entire surveillance period. Several globally common strains in addition to G1, especially G2 and G9, circulated at high prevalence (33%-62%) in some cities during certain years.


CONCLUSIONS
Almost 85% of strains during 1996-2005 had either a G or P antigen that is present in both RotaTeq (Merck) and Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline). Monitoring of strains after introduction of rotavirus vaccines is important.
Gentsch
Jon R
JR
Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Atlanta, Georgia. jrg4@cdc.gov
Hull
Jennifer J
JJ
Teel
Elizabeth N
EN
Kerin
Tara K
TK
Freeman
Molly M
MM
Esona
Mathew D
MD
Griffin
Dixie D
DD
Bielfelt-Krall
Brittany P
BP
Banyai
Krisztian
K
Jiang
Baoming
B
Cortese
Margaret M
MM
Glass
Roger I
RI
Parashar
Umesh D
UD
D002675:Child, Preschool; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines