title: Muscle-specific adaptations, impaired oxidative capacity and maintenance of contractile function characterize diet-induced obese mouse skeletal muscle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of diet-induced obesity on skeletal muscle function are largely unknown, particularly as it relates to changes in oxidative metabolism and morphology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to control fed mice, mice fed a high fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal: fat) for 8 weeks displayed increased body mass and insulin resistance without overt fasting hyperglycemia (i.e. pre-diabetic). Histological analysis revealed a greater oxidative potential in the HFD gastrocnemius/plantaris (increased IIA, reduced IIB fiber-type percentages) and soleus (increased I, IIA cross-sectional areas) muscles, but no change in fiber type percentages in tibialis anterior muscles compared to controls. Intramyocellular lipid levels were significantly increased relative to control in HFD gastrocnemius/plantaris, but were similar to control values in the HFD soleus. Using a novel, single muscle fiber approach, impairments in complete palmitate and glucose oxidation (72.8+/-6.6% and 61.8+/-9.1% of control, respectively; p<0.05) with HFD were detected. These reductions were consistent with measures made using intact extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles. Compared to controls, no difference in succinate dehydrogenase or citrate synthase enzyme activities were observed between groups in any muscle studied, however, short-chain fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenase (SCHAD) activity was elevated in the HFD soleus, but not tibialis anterior muscles. Despite these morphological and metabolic alterations, no significant difference in peak tetanic force or low-frequency fatigue rates were observed between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that HFD induces early adaptive responses that occur in a muscle-specific pattern, but are insufficient to prevent impairments in oxidative metabolism with continued high-fat feeding. Moreover, the morphological and metabolic changes which occur with 8 weeks of HFD do not significantly impact muscle contractile properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Karin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Shortreed
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Julianna H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Dili
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dhanani
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.forename: Rolando B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ceddia
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hawke
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D053180:Animal Nutrition Sciences; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008055:Lipids; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen