title: Tumor and stromal pathways mediating refractoriness/resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies.
abstract: Identification and characterization of VEGF as an important regulator of angiogenesis, and FDA approval of the first anti-angiogenic drugs, has enabled significant advances in the therapy of cancer and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. However, similar to other therapies, inherent/acquired resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs may occur in patients, leading to disease recurrence. Recent studies in several experimental models suggest that tumor and non-tumor (stromal) cell types may be involved in the reduced responsiveness to the treatments. The present review examines the role of tumor- as well as stromal cell-derived pathways involved in tumor growth and in refractoriness to anti-VEGF therapies.
authors.affiliation: Genentech, Incorporated, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Yongping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Napoleone
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferrara
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A