title: Repressive effects of resveratrol on androgen receptor transcriptional activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The chemopreventive effects of resveratrol (RSV) on prostate cancer have been well established; the androgen receptor (AR) plays pivotal roles in prostatic tumorigenesis. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms about the effects of RSV on AR have not been fully elucidated. A model system is needed to determine whether and how RSV represses AR transcriptional activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The AR cDNA was first cloned into the retroviral vector pOZ-N and then integrated into the genome of AR-negative HeLa cells to generate the AR(+) cells. The constitutively expressed AR was characterized by monitoring hormone-stimulated nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activation, with the AR(-) cells serving as controls. AR(+) cells were treated with RSV, and both AR protein levels and AR transcriptional activity were measured simultaneously. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to detect the effects of RSV on the recruitment of AR to its cognate element (ARE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AR in the AR (+) stable cell line functions in a manner similar to that of endogenously expressed AR. Using this model system we clearly demonstrated that RSV represses AR transcriptional activity independently of any effects on AR protein levels. However, neither the hormone-mediated nucleus translocation nor the AR/ARE interaction was affected by RSV treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated unambiguously that RSV regulates AR target gene expression, at least in part, by repressing AR transcriptional activity. Repressive effects of RSV on AR activity result from mechanisms other than the affects of AR nuclear translocation or DNA binding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Purification, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Han-chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Dianzheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol