title: Acute administration of leptin produces anxiolytic-like effects: a comparison with fluoxetine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our previous studies in rats have shown that the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin induces antidepressant-like effects with a behavioral profile similar to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants. Acute SSRI treatment causes paradoxical anxiogenic responses, although chronic treatment has therapeutic effects on anxiety. However, the role of leptin in anxiety remains to be established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The scope of this study was to investigate the acute effects of leptin on anxiety-related behaviors in comparison with the SSRI antidepressant fluoxetine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal injection of leptin or fluoxetine. Thirty minutes after injection, mice were subjected to the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) for evaluating antidepressant activity. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM), social interaction, and open field tests 30 min following drug treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While leptin and fluoxetine showed similar antidepressant-like behavioral effects in the TST and FST, they differed in the behavioral assays for anxiety. Open arm exploration in the EPM was increased by leptin but decreased by fluoxetine. Analysis of social interaction revealed that distinct social behavioral components were modulated by leptin and fluoxetine. The total time of active social behaviors was increased by leptin but reduced by fluoxetine. In addition, self-grooming, a non-social behavior, was suppressed by leptin treatment. Neither leptin nor fluoxetine produced significant effects in the open field test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to anxiogenic-like effects induced by acute fluoxetine, leptin elicits anxiolytic-like effects after acute administration. These results suggest that leptin has both antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jacob C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.forename: Jamaur
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bronner
authors.forename: Chung Sub
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012919:Social Behavior; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D020738:Leptin; D005473:Fluoxetine