title: Calculated flame temperature (CFT) modeling of fuel mixture lower flammability limits.
abstract: Heat loss can affect experimental flammability limits, and it becomes indispensable to quantify flammability limits when apparatus quenching effect becomes significant. In this research, the lower flammability limits of binary hydrocarbon mixtures are predicted using calculated flame temperature (CFT) modeling, which is based on the principle of energy conservation. Specifically, the hydrocarbon mixture lower flammability limit is quantitatively correlated to its final flame temperature at non-adiabatic conditions. The modeling predictions are compared with experimental observations to verify the validity of CFT modeling, and the minor deviations between them indicated that CFT modeling can represent experimental measurements very well. Moreover, the CFT modeling results and Le Chatelier's Law predictions are also compared, and the agreement between them indicates that CFT modeling provides a theoretical justification for the Le Chatelier's Law.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3122, United States.
authors.forename: Fuman
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: M Sam
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mannan
mesh_terms: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons