title: Comparison of gadofluorine-M and Gd-DTPA for noninvasive staging of atherosclerotic plaque stability using MRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammation and neovascularization play critical roles in the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. Whole-body quantitative assessment of these plaque features may improve patient risk-stratification for life-threatening thromboembolic events and direct appropriate intervention. In this report, we determined the utility of the MR contrast agent gadofluorine-M (GdF) for staging plaque stability and compared this to the conventional agent Gd-DTPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five control and 7 atherosclerotic rabbits were sequentially imaged after administration of Gd-DTPA (0.2 mmol/kg) and GdF (0.1 mmol/kg) using a T(1)-weighted pulse sequence on a 3-T MRI scanner. Diseased aortic wall could be distinguished from normal wall based on wall-to-muscle contrast-to-noise values after GdF administration. RAM-11 (macrophages) and CD-31 (endothelial cells) immunostaining of MR-matched histological sections revealed that GdF accumulation was related to the degree of inflammation at the surface of plaques and the extent of core neovascularization. Importantly, an MR measure of GdF accumulation at both 1 and 24 hours after injection but not Gd-DTPA at peak enhancement was shown to correlate with a quantitative histological morphology index related to these 2 plaque features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GdF-enhanced MRI of atherosclerotic plaques allows noninvasive quantitative information about plaque composition to be acquired at multiple time points after injection (within 1 and up to 24 hours after injection). This dramatically widens the imaging window for assessing plaque stability that is currently attainable with clinically approved MR agents, therefore opening the possibility of whole-body (including coronary) detection of unstable plaques in the future and potentially improved mitigation of cataclysmic cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. jronald@imaging.robarts.ca
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ronald
authors.forename: Yuanxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Andre J-L
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Belisle
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Kem A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hegele
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Misselwitz
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Rutt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007267:Injections; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C517961:gadofluorine M; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA