title: Pneumococcal pneumonia: potential for diagnosis through a urinary metabolic profile.
abstract: Pneumonia, an infection of the lower respiratory tract, is caused by any of a number of different microbial organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) causes a significant number of deaths worldwide, and is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. However, the pathogen(s) responsible for CAP can be difficult to identify, often leading to delays in appropriate antimicrobial therapies. In the present study, we use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantitatively measure the profile of metabolites excreted in the urine of patients with pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and other microbes. We found that the urinary metabolomic profile for pneumococcal pneumonia was significantly different from the profiles for viral and other bacterial forms of pneumonia. These data demonstrate that urinary metabolomic profiles may be useful for the effective diagnosis of CAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Slupsky
authors.forename: Kathryn N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Rankin
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: Patrick G P
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGeer
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kunimoto
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: Richard N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Fedorak
authors.forename: Darryl J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Adamko
authors.forename: Erik J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Saude
authors.forename: Sirish L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Marrie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000652:urine; D013045:Species Specificity; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*