title: [Chances and limitations of patients' advance decisions at the end of life].
abstract: Death by "natural" causes is not appreciated in Western industrialized countries because it may be regarded as an obstacle against performance and consumption. In addition, life-saving therapies for patients with an infaust prognosis are often rather expensive and therefore classified as "futile". Utilitarian measures for the individual's quality of life (QALY's), which are allegedly objective, veil the fact that they can only reflect the parameters that have been considered during their construction. Caused by fear of a life in the nursing home, which is partially intensified by the media, many ethicists and lawyers propagate anticipating models of retaining patients' autonomy at the end of life. Apart from general considerations published by the former National Ethics Council in 2005, the German Parliament in 2009 will have to discuss three different bills concerning patients' advance decisions to refuse medical treatment. The illusion of "autonomous dying" is not a convincing model for the end of life debate.
authors.affiliation: Fachgebiet Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. awb@uni-hd.de
authors.forename: Axel W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D024362:Advance Directive Adherence / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D016223:Advance Directives / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D001293:Attitude to Death; D017041:Ethics Committees / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007872:Legal Guardians / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D016224:Living Wills / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D018447:Medical Futility / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D016743:Mental Competency / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012297:Right to Die / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D017236:Suicide, Assisted / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence