title: A mechanism-based classification of dermatologic reactions to biologic agents used in the treatment of cutaneous disease: Part 2.
abstract: Biologic therapies are an efficacious new method of controlling a number of chronic conditions. Data regarding these medications continues to emerge, giving clinicians a greater understanding of their side effects profiles. The biologic agents used in dermatology, particularly the tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, have a number of varied dermatologic side effects. In this two-part article, we perform a review of literature regarding cutaneous side effects of infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, rituximab, efalizumab, and alefacept. In this second part, we discuss injection site reactions, infusion reactions, vasculitis, drug-induced lupus erythematosus, psoriasiform lesions, rebound phenomenon, eczema, atopic dermatitis, and hypersensitivity reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bremmer
authors.forename: April
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gaspari
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000077944:Alefacept; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000068800:Etanercept; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069285:Infliximab; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069283:Rituximab; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000069283:Rituximab; D000069285:Infliximab; D000077944:Alefacept; D000068879:Adalimumab; D000068800:Etanercept; C472181:efalizumab