title: Turning the process-dissociation procedure inside-out: a new technique for understanding the relation between conscious and unconscious influences.
abstract: While there is now general agreement that memory gives rise to both conscious and unconscious influences, there remains disagreement concerning the process architecture underlying these distinct influences. Do they arise from independent underlying systems (e.g., Jacoby, 1991) or from systems that are interactive (e.g., Joordens & Merikle, 1993)? In the current paper we present a novel "inside-out" technique that can be used with the process-dissociation paradigm to arrive at more concrete conclusions concerning this central question and demonstrate this technique via a meta-analysis of currently published findings. Our results suggest that the data presented in these studies vary in ways most consistent with the assumption that conscious and unconscious influences behave independently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Ontario, Canada. joordens@utsc.utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joordens
authors.forename: Daryl E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Spalek
authors.forename: Dwayne E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Paré
mesh_terms: D003243:Consciousness; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory; D008960:Models, Psychological; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D014473:Unconscious, Psychology