title: The impact of powered and manual toothbrushing on incipient gingival recession.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare clinical effects of manual and powered toothbrushes on sites of localized gingival recession over 12 months. To evaluate patterns and the extent of toothbrush bristle wear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal, single-blind, randomized, parallel group clinical trial compared the effects of one manual and one powered toothbrush on incipient lesions of localized gingival recession. Toothbrush wear was evaluated concurrently by wear index and wear rating.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients were recruited and randomized to two groups with 52 (26 per group) attending the final visit at month 12. There were no differences between groups for full-mouth plaque index, pocket depth or bleeding on probing at baseline and month 12. There were no differences at target sites for clinical attachment level, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index, width of keratinized gingiva or maximal height of recession. There were no differences between the wear of the brushes as measured by wear index or wear rating.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no progression of gingival recession in subjects using either toothbrush over 12 months. There was no difference in the overall wear of the powered and manual toothbrushes over successive 3-month periods.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK. g.i.mccracken@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Giles I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: McCracken
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heasman
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stacey
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Jager
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Heasman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D018450:Disease Progression; D004867:Equipment Design; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013499:Surface Properties; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014100:Toothpastes