title: Phonological development in very-low-birthweight children: an exploratory study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Very-low-birthweight (VLBW; birthweight<1500 g and/or gestational age <32 wks) children are at risk for speech problems. However, there are few studies on speech development in VLBW children at an early age. The aim of this study was to investigate phonological development in 2-year-old VLBW children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty VLBW children without major neurosensory impairment (7 males, 13 females; mean birthweight 971 g, SD 315; mean gestational age 28 wks, SD 1.81) and 20 term children (7 males, 13 females; mean birthweight 3503 g, SD 416; mean gestational age 40 wks, SD 1.26) were compared on measures of phonological development derived from 20-minute spontaneous speech samples of standardized mother-child play interaction as well as on standardized tests of cognitive and psychomotor development, language, and behaviour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VLBW children had significantly fewer acquired consonants (median 9, p=0.02) and a significantly lower phonological mean length of utterance (pMLU; median 4.1, p<0.01) than term children (median acquired consonants 10, median pMLU 5.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence for poor phonological development in even healthy VLBW children, compared with term-matched children, independent of their cognitive, psychomotor, and language development, and their behavioural functioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. i.vanderspek@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Inge L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: van Noort-van der Spek
authors.forename: Marie-Christine J P
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Franken
authors.forename: Marjan H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wieringa
authors.forename: Nynke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weisglas-Kuperus
mesh_terms: D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D002663:Child Language; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010700:Phonetics; D010988:Play and Playthings; D013060:Speech; D013068:Speech Production Measurement