title: The human glucocorticoid receptor: molecular basis of biologic function.
abstract: The characterization of the subfamily of steroid hormone receptors has enhanced our understanding of how a set of hormonally derived lipophilic ligands controls cellular and molecular functions to influence development and help achieve homeostasis. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the first member of this subfamily, is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein, which functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes. The effector domains of the GR mediate transcriptional activation by recruiting coregulatory multi-subunit complexes that remodel chromatin, target initiation sites, and stabilize the RNA-polymerase II machinery for repeated rounds of transcription of target genes. This review summarizes the basic aspects of the structure and actions of the human (h) GR, and the molecular basis of its biologic functions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nicolas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
authors.forename: Zoi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Galata
authors.forename: Tomoshige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kino
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chrousos
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Charmandari
mesh_terms: D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid