title: The culture of academic medicine: faculty perceptions of the lack of alignment between individual and institutional values.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Energized, talented faculty are essential to achieving the missions of academic medical centers (AMCs) in education, research and health care. The alignment of individuals' values with workplace experiences are linked to meaningfulness of work and productivity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine faculty values and their alignment with institutional values.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative hypothesis-generating interview study to understand the professional experiences of faculty and organizational approach in five AMCs that were nationally representative in regional and organizational characteristics. Analysis was inductive and data driven.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using stratified, purposeful sampling, we interviewed 96 male and female faculty at different career stages (early career, plateaued, senior faculty and those who had left academic medicine) and diverse specialties (generalists, medical and surgical subspecialists, and research scientists).
  
  
  METHODS
  Dominant themes that emerged from the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Faculty described values relating to excellence in clinical care, community service (including care for the underserved and disadvantaged), teaching, intellectual rigor/freedom and discovery, all values that mirror the stated missions of AMCs. However, many faculty also described behaviors that led them to conclude that their AMCs, in practice, undervalued excellence in clinical care, and their social and educational missions. Themes were seen across gender, career stage, race and discipline, except that female leaders appeared more likely than male leaders to identify incongruence of individual values and organizational practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study of five diverse medical schools, faculty values were well aligned with stated institutional missions; however, many perceived that institutional behaviors were not always aligned with individual faculty values.
authors.affiliation: Women's Studies Research Center, Brandeis University, Mailstop 088, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA. lpololi@brandeis.edu
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pololi
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel / Q000208:ethnology*; D002322:Career Mobility; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D016134:Organizational Policy; D012577:Schools, Medical; D012945:Social Values / Q000208:ethnology*