title: [The history and development of new nine-needle].
abstract: This paper introduces the old nine-needle including its name, shape, function, manipulation and origination, as well as systematically introduces the new nine-needle as a new product which has been developed under the guidance of modern science and technology based on the old nine-needle since 1949. As a new tool, the new nine-needle provide much more choice for acupuncture treatment and obtained satisfied clinical effect. During the development of research and clinical practice on the new nine-needle, its theory has been consummated successively. Combining various kinds of needles for treatment is not only paying attention to the specificity of one kind of needles, but also emphasizing the whole function of all kinds of needles, which makes the new nine-needle formed the characteristic and distinct theory of its own.
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture and Moxibustion Institute of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China.
authors.forename: Tian-Sheng
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cong-Ni
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Shi-Fei
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Xin-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lai-Xi
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000266:history / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002681:China; D049690:History, Ancient; D009339:Needles