title: Human papillomavirus 16 E7 inactivator of retinoblastoma family proteins complements human cytomegalovirus lacking UL97 protein kinase.
abstract: Several different families of DNA viruses encode proteins that inactivate the cellular retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRb), which normally functions to bind E2F transcription factors and restrict expression of genes necessary for cellular processes including DNA replication. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL97, a protein kinase functionally orthologous to cellular cyclin-dependent kinases, phosphorylates pRb on inactivating residues during HCMV infection. To assess if such phosphorylation is biologically relevant, we tested whether the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein, which inactivates pRb family proteins by direct binding and destabilization, could substitute for UL97 during HCMV infection. In the absence of UL97, expression of wild-type E7 protein, but not a mutant E7 unable to bind pRb family proteins, restored E2F-responsive cellular gene expression, late viral gene expression, and viral DNA synthesis to levels normally observed during wild-type virus infection of quiescent cells. UL97-null mutants exhibited more pronounced defects in virus production and DNA synthesis in quiescent cells as compared to serum-fed, cycling cells. E7 expression substantially enhanced infectious virus production in quiescent cells, but did not complement the defects observed during UL97-null virus infection of cycling cells. Thus, a primary role of UL97 is to inactivate pRb family proteins during infection of quiescent cells, and this inactivation likely abets virus replication by induction of cellular E2F-responsive genes. Our findings have implications for human cytomegalovirus disease and for drugs that target UL97.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and Infectious Diseases Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jeremy.kamil@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jeremy P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kamil
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jurak
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Münger
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Kalejta
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Coen
mesh_terms: D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006801:Humans; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000378:metabolism*; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; C059731:oncogene protein E7, Human papillomavirus type 16; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C075365:ganciclovir kinase