title: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) and risk of congestive heart failure in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammation may be a causative factor in congestive heart failure (CHF). Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) is an inflammation marker associated with vascular risk. One previous study showed an association of Lp-PLA(2) activity with CHF risk, but there were only 94 CHF cases and Lp-PLA(2) antigen, which is available clinically in the United States, was not measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured baseline Lp-PLA(2) antigen and activity in 3991 men and women without baseline CHF or cardiovascular disease who were participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a prospective observational study of adults 65 years or older. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, clinic site, race, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, smoking status, pack-years, and diabetes were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for incident CHF. Further models adjusted for coronary disease events during follow-up and C-reactive protein. Eight hundred twenty-nine participants developed CHF during 12.1 years. Adjusted hazard ratios for CHF with Lp-PLA(2) in the fourth compared with the first quartile were 1.44 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.79) for Lp-PLA(2) antigen and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.32) for activity. Adjustment for incident coronary disease attenuated the hazard ratio for Lp-PLA(2) antigen to 1.26 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.57), adjustment for C-reactive protein had minimal impact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lp-PLA(2) antigen was associated with risk of future CHF in older people, independent of CHF and coronary risk factors, and partly mediated by coronary disease events. Further clinical and basic research is needed to better understand the role of Lp-PLA(2) in CHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Takeki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Cam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Nancy Swords
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Jenny
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: Jeanenne J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Psaty
authors.forename: Curt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Furberg
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cushman
mesh_terms: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase