title: Household exposure to pesticides and bladder exstrophy in a newborn baby boy: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bladder exstrophy is a rare urogenital abnormality. Other urogenital malformations have been associated with exposure to hormonal pesticide disruptors during critical developmental periods. This is the first report in the literature to associate household exposure to pesticides with bladder exstrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the pediatric environmental history of a newborn baby boy with isolated bladder exstrophy. In this case the pediatric environmental history includes the constitutional, genealogical, genetic and environmental factors related to bladder exstrophy, which revealed a cockroach infestation in the parents' home and the daily use of bug spray to kill them. The mother used one bottle of spray every 2 days (1000cc) and more in the summer, when the problem was worse. During gestational weeks 0-12, the mother intensively used a domestic pesticide consisting of a mixture of pyrethroids (cyfenothrin 0.5%, and tetramethrin 0.31%) and pyriproxyfen (0.01%). She described repeated episodes of mild to moderate poisoning that are associated with the use of household pesticides. The mother is a housewife and the father works as a fumigator of fruit fields and he reported gastrointestinal symptoms associated with the use of occupational pesticides. However, he did not believe he carried traces of these products into the home and his wife washed his work clothes separately. The pyrethroids and pyriproxyfen were detected in a urine sample obtained from the child 4 months after he was born. No other risk factors were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A detailed and carefully conducted pediatric environmental history, which includes information about home pesticide use, should be carried out for all children with bladder exstrophy. Domestic exposure to pesticides during critical developmental periods may have deleterious effects for the fetus.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Sauco
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zambudio-Carmona
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ortega-García