title: Effect of a multimodal high intensity exercise intervention in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of a multimodal group exercise intervention, as an adjunct to conventional care, on fatigue, physical capacity, general wellbeing, physical activity, and quality of life in patients with cancer who were undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy or treatment for advanced disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two university hospitals in Copenhagen, Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  269 patients with cancer; 73 men, 196 women, mean age 47 years (range 20-65) representing 21 diagnoses. Main exclusion criteria were brain or bone metastases. 235 patients completed follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Supervised exercise comprising high intensity cardiovascular and resistance training, relaxation and body awareness training, massage, nine hours weekly for six weeks in addition to conventional care, compared with conventional care.
  
  
  METHODS
  European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (MOS SF-36), Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, muscular strength (one repetition maximum), maximum oxygen consumption (Vo(2)max). Statistical methods The general linear model was used for continuous outcome while analysis of associates between categorical outcomes was performed as analysis of marginal homogeneity in contingency tables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted for baseline score, disease, and demographic covariates, the intervention group showed an estimated improvement at six weeks for the primary outcome, fatigue, of -6.6 points (95% confidence interval -12.3 to -0.9, P=0.02; effect size=0.33, 0.04 to 0.61). Significant effects were seen on vitality (effect size 0.55, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.82), physical functioning (0.37, 0.09 to 0.65), role physical (0.37, 0.10 to 0.64), role emotional (0.32, 0.05 to 0.59), and mental health (0.28, 0.02 to 0.56) scores. Improvement was noted in physical capacity: estimated mean difference between groups for maximum oxygen consumption was 0.16 l/min (95% CI 0.1 to 0.2, P<0.0001) and for muscular strength (leg press) was 29.7 kg (23.4 to 34.9, P<0.0001). No significant effect was seen on global health status/quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A supervised multimodal exercise intervention including high and low intensity components was feasible and could safely be used in patients with various cancers who were receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or treatment for advanced disease. The intervention reduced fatigue and improved vitality, aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and physical and functional activity, and emotional wellbeing, but not quality of life.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled trials ISRCTN05322922.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. la@ucsf.dk
authors.forename: Lis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adamsen
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quist
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Jørn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herrstedt
authors.forename: Dorte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kronborg
authors.forename: Marie T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Baadsgaard
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vistisen
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Midtgaard
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stage
authors.forename: Morten T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kronborg
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rørth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult