title: Evaluation of the late effects of CNS prophylactic treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the late changes seen in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) survivors to assess neurotoxicity following prophylactic treatment with cranial irradiation (CRT) and/or intrathecal (ITMTX) and systemic MTX.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on two groups of patients. The first group consisted of 30 children who received CRT and ITMTX, and the second group was comprised of 15 children treated only with ITMTX. All patients were ALL survivors treated between 1994 and 2002. Radiotherapy was performed using two opposite fields for a total dose of 18 Gy. The children were examined from 6 to 12 years after treatment. All children underwent a physical and neurological examination and MRI/MRS studies. (1)H-MR spectra were acquired from frontal and occipital regions of the brain. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for following metabolite ratios: NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, and mI/Cr.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of the 45 children (11%) presented with white matter changes upon MRI examination. All children with MRI abnormalities received CRT. In 13 (31%) children, changes in (1)H-MRS metabolite ratios were seen. We observed decreased NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios. MR spectroscopy showed a significant reduction (P < .05) of the mean NAA/Cr ratio in children given CRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRS is a sensitive detector of late metabolic changes after prophylactic treatment for ALL in childhood. It is able to detect metabolic effects of treatment in patients even when no morphologic changes are visible upon MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Center of Oncology Maria Skłodowska Curie Memorial Institute-Branch, Gliwice, Poland. bertaf@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Kornelia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ficek
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blamek
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Syguła
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miszczyk
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sońta-Jakimczyk
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tarnawski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000628:therapy*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline; D008727:Methotrexate