title: New advances in the second-line treatment of small cell lung cancer.
abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the U.K., with small cell histology accounting for 15%-20% of cases. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is initially a chemosensitive disease, but relapse is common, and in this group of patients it remains a rapidly lethal disease with a particularly poor prognosis. The choice of second-line chemotherapy for patients with relapsed SCLC has been an area of difficulty for oncologists, and until recently there was no randomized evidence for its use over best supportive care (BSC). Topotecan is currently the only drug licensed in Europe and the U.S. for this indication, having been shown in a phase III trial to lead to longer overall survival and better quality of life than with BSC. In this article, we review the current evidence for the use of second-line cytotoxic therapy and also the emerging role of novel agents and targeted therapies in this setting. In particular, we explore the role of the Bcl-2 protein family, which are key regulators of mitochondrial apoptosis and are implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies. SCLC overexpresses antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family in approximately 80% of cases. Several Bcl-2 inhibitors, including obatoclax, are currently entering clinical trials in SCLC and are an exciting area of drug development in the relapsed setting.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: Jane L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scullin
authors.forename: Dean A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fennell
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011788:Quality of Life; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate; D019772:Topotecan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D019772:Topotecan