title: Outpatient utilization of drugs acting on nervous system: a study from the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia & Herzegovina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyse the utilization patterns of drugs acting on the nervous system in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia & Herzegovina between 2002 and 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study aimed at analysing outpatient utilization of drugs reimbursed by the Health Insurance Fund, with a focus on the utilization of drugs acting on the nervous system. Anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose methodology was used to monitor drug utilization, and the drug utilization 90% (DU90%) method was used to assess drug prescribing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most highly used drug subgroups were psycholeptics and antiepileptics followed by the psychoanaleptics. Anxyolitics comprised the most prescribed pharmacological subgroup over the whole study period, but a decrease was observed in 2007 and 2008. Following updating of the list with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor drugs, particularly sertraline, antidepressant use increased fivefold in 2008 compared to 2006. Tramadol was the predominant opioid analgesics in terms of utilization, while the use of oral morphine was low. Diazepam was the most highly prescribed drug, followed by phenobarbital and carbamazepine. The list update with the new generation drugs was immediately reflected in the DU90% profile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed tendency toward increased total drug utilization observed in our study is comparable to worldwide trends. Implementation of new clinical guidelines for nervous diseases and updating of the list of reimbursable drugs with the addition of new ones contributed to the observed improvement in prescribing patterns in primary healthcare during the study period. The DU90% is shown to be a simple rough method for assessing prescribing quality. More stratified analyses should be performed on a routine basis to ensure a rational use of medicines and a cost-efficient use of limited healthcare resources.
authors.affiliation: Health Insurance Fund, Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Vanda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marković-Peković
authors.forename: Svjetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stoisavljević-Satara
authors.forename: Ranko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Skrbić
mesh_terms: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017522:Bosnia and Herzegovina; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000639:trends; D005252:Fees, Pharmaceutical / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014149:Tranquilizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D014149:Tranquilizing Agents