title: Nurses' attitudes to mental illness: a comparison of a sample of nurses from five European countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mental health problems are of serious concern across Europe. A major barrier to the realisation of good mental health and well-being is stigma and discrimination. To date there is limited knowledge or understanding of mental health nurses' attitudes towards mental illness and individuals experiencing mental health problems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe and compare attitudes towards mental illness and those experiencing mental health problems across a sample of registered nurses working in mental health settings from five European countries and the factors associated with these attitudes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 72 inpatient wards and units and five community facilities in Finland, Lithuania, Ireland, Italy and Portugal.
  
  
  METHODS
  810 registered nurses working in mental health settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were collected using The Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale, which is a 40-item self-report questionnaire. The data were analysed using quantitative methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses' attitudes were mainly positive. Attitudes differed across countries, with Portuguese nurses' attitudes being significantly more positive and Lithuanian nurses' attitudes being significantly more negative than others'. Positive attitudes were associated with being female and having a senior position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though European mental health nurses' attitudes to mental illness and people with mental health problems differ significantly across some countries, they are largely similar. The differences observed could be related to wider social, cultural and organisational circumstances of nursing practice.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Care Sciences, St George's, University of London and Kingston University, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK. m.chamber@sgul.kingston.ac.uk
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: Veslemøy
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guise
authors.forename: Maritta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Välimäki
authors.forename: Maria Antónia Rebelo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Botelho
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Vida
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Staniuliené
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanotti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel / Q000208:ethnology*; D001318:Authoritarianism; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D007558:Italy; D008097:Lithuania; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000451:nursing*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing; D011174:Portugal; D011287:Prejudice; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration; D012737:Sex Factors; D013240:Stereotyping; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires