title: Detection of urine and blood clenbuterol following short-term oral administration in the horse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pharmacokinetics of clenbuterol in equine urine and blood was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine and blood samples were collected following 3-day multiple oral administrations. The samples were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and further confirmed by solid phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary clenbuterol was detectable until day 14 after the last dose. The urinary excretion of clenbuterol was characterized by a biphasic pattern. The half-lives of the bi-exponential elimination (t(1/2alpha) and t(1/2beta)) for urinary clenbuterol were about 12.1 and 48 hours. After a single oral administration (4 microg/kg) of clenbuterol, the half-life of serum clenbuterol was approximately 11.4 hours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D002976:Clenbuterol