title: ATG-induced expression of FOXP3 in human CD4(+) T cells in vitro is associated with T-cell activation and not the induction of FOXP3(+) T regulatory cells.
abstract: Several recent reports have suggested that in vitro exposure of CD4(+) T cells to rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG), which is commonly used to prevent and treat graft-versus-host disease and allograft rejection, is an effective method to induce CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs). We and others, however, have shown that FOXP3 is also expressed in activated T cells. We therefore investigated whether the induction of FOXP3 expression by rATG resulted in a stable population of suppressive Tregs. We found that exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or conventional T cells to rATG resulted in induction of transient rather than stable expression of CD25 and FOXP3. Furthermore, rATG-treated T effector cells acquired neither an immunosuppressive profile of cytokine production nor suppressive capacity, even at the time of maximal FOXP3 expression. These findings indicate that the notion that rATG can be used to induce Tregs in vitro for cellular therapy in vivo should be re-evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada. rbroady@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Raewyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Broady
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Megan K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Levings
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D011817:Rabbits; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D016207:Cytokines; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit