title: BMP-7 blocks the cyclosporine-A-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The nephrotoxic side effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) are partly due to induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), possibly through upregulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-7) has been reported to protect against and reverse renal injury via its renotropic and antifibrotic effects. We therefore designed a method to investigate the mechanism by which BMP-7 inhibits CSA-induced EMT in cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells and whether BMP-7 can antagonize CsA-induced profibrogenic effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured HK-2 cells were treated with CsA or a combination of CsA and BMP-7 for 72 h. Morphological changes were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), E-cadherin, collagen type I and CTGF was analyzed by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and Western blot. Additionally, the effect of CTGF silencing on CsA-mediated gene expression was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CsA-induced EMT was associated with decreased expression of E-cadherin, increased expression of alpha-SMA, collagen type I and CTGF, and loss of epithelial morphology. BMP-7 inhibited these effects in a dose-dependent manner. Using siRNA, CTGF knock-down also attenuated EMT-associated phenotypic changes induced by CsA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that BMP-7 can block CsA-induced EMT by downregulating the expression of CTGF, a downstream mediator of EMT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Dewen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D016572:Cyclosporine