title: Analysis of enzyme production by submerged culture of Aspergillus oryzae using whole barley.
abstract: We have reported on high enzyme production by submerged culture of Aspergillus kawachii using barley with the husk (whole barley). To elucidate the mechanism underlying this high enzyme production, we performed a detailed analysis. Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 was submerged-cultured using whole barley and milled whole barley. Enzyme production was analyzed in terms of changes in medium components and gene expression levels. When whole barley was used, high production of glucoamylase and alpha-amylase and high gene expression levels of these enzymes were observed. Low ammonium concentrations were maintained with nitrate ion uptake continuing into the late stage using whole barley. These findings suggest that the sustainability of nitrogen metabolism is related to high enzyme production, and that a mechanism other than that associated with the conventional amylase expression system is involved in this relationship.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratories of Brewing Technology, Asahi Breweries, Ltd., Moriya, Ibaraki, Japan. susumu.masuda@asahibeer.co.jp
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D001709:Biotechnology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D046508:Culture Techniques; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D001467:Hordeum / Q000378:metabolism*; D007101:Immersion; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase