title: Effects of a recombinant FVIIa analogue, NN1731, on blood loss and survival after liver trauma in the pig.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We considered whether haemorrhage after a liver trauma would be reduced by early administration of a pro-haemostatic agent and evaluated the effect of i.v. vs i.m. administration of the coagulation factor VIIa analogue NN1731 on haemorrhage after a liver trauma in the pig.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pharmacokinetics of i.v. and i.m. NN1731 was evaluated in eight minipigs, and the effects of dose and administration route of NN1731 (i.v. 180 microg kg(-1), n=6; i.m. 540 microg kg(-1), n=4, or 2000 microg kg(-1), n=6) vs vehicle (n=16) were studied on a liver laceration injury in pigs. To simulate a pre-hospital setting, the administration of NN1731 was delayed by 1 min for i.m. administration and 7 min for i.v. administration, at which time fluid resuscitation also began.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the minipigs, NN1731 exposure was similar after i.v. 180 microg kg(-1) and i.m. 540 microg kg(-1), with a bioavailability of approximately 35%. The injury and blood loss at 7 min was comparable between the four groups of pigs; however, after 60 min, the blood loss was lower in the i.v. treated animals: 1.3 (0.3) (i.v.) vs 2.2 (0.8) litres (i.m.(540), i.m.(2000), and vehicle) (P<0.001). Also, the survival time was increased: 117 (14) (i.v.) vs 84 (28) min (i.m.(540), i.m.(2000), and vehicle) (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After a liver trauma in the pig, i.v. administration of NN1731 reduced the bleeding and increased the survival time. In contrast, i.m. administration had no effect, presumably because reduced muscle perfusion during haemorrhage reduced the uptake of NN1731.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. morten.zaar@biology.au.dk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaar
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Secher
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vainer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ezban
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Agersø
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lomholt
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hermit
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lauritzen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005167:Factor VII / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015942:Factor VIIa / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; C519901:NN1731; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005167:Factor VII; C103587:recombinant FVIIa; D015942:Factor VIIa