title: The pituitary-adrenal axis in adult thalassaemic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously described in young thalassaemic patients an altered cortisol and ACTH responsiveness suggesting an impaired adrenocortical reserve. Owing to iron overload, a worsening of adrenal function should be expected in adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 124 adults with beta-thalassaemia, urinary free cortisol (UFC) and plasma ACTH levels were determined and compared with those measured in 150 controls. In 45 patients, cortisol was measured in response to: i) tetracosactide 1 microg as an i.v. bolus (low-dose test, LDT) and ii) tetracosactide 250 microg infused i.v. over 8 h (high-dose test, HDT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  UFC and serum cortisol were within the reference range in all patients. Conversely, basal plasma ACTH values were above the upper limit of the normal range in 19 patients. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean values of UFC, basal serum cortisol and plasma ACTH between patients and controls. A subnormal cortisol response to the LDT was registered in 18 out of 56 patients. Three of these patients also displayed a subnormal response to the HDT, together with elevated baseline plasma ACTH levels. In the LDT, a positive correlation was found between basal and peak cortisol values (P<0.0001). The latter were negatively correlated with basal ACTH values in both LDT (P<0.0001) and HDT (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adult thalassaemic patients often present a subtle impairment of adrenocortical function. This may become clinically relevant in case of major stressful events. Thus, we recommend an assessment of adrenocortical function in all adult thalassaemic patients.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ospedale San Luca IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scacchi
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Danesi
authors.forename: Agnese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valassi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pecori Giraldi
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Radaelli
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ambrogio
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mirra
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zanaboni
authors.forename: Maria D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cappellini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cavagnini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone