title: Recurrent glioblastoma of childhood treated with bevacizumab: case report and molecular features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is uncommon, accounting for 7.2% of the central nervous system tumors in childhood. Their clinical behaviors are almost as aggressive as those in adults, and the 5-year overall survival rate is poor.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a case of a 13-year-old boy with GBM. Fourteen months after surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy, the patient showed local recurrence. No response to subsequent bevacizumab treatment was observed. To determine correlations of molecular alterations with clinical outcomes in this case, we examined the expressions of Ki-67, MMP-9, MGMT, VEGF, Ras, and p-AKT using biopsies before and after recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood glioblastomas show a distinct biological behavior and probably a different molecular pathogenesis in comparison to the adult ones. Understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for the formation and progression of the tumors is critical for identification of novel therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Glioma Therapy Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Baoshi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sonya Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077204:Temozolomide
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide