title: Dysregulated coherence of subjective and cardiac emotional activation in adolescents with internalizing and externalizing problems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective emotion regulation should be reflected in greater coherence between physiological and subjective aspects of emotional responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Youths with normative to clinical levels of internalizing problems (IP) and externalizing problems (EP) watched emotionally evocative film-clips while having heart rate (HR) recorded, and reported subjective feelings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hierarchical linear modeling revealed weaker coherence between HR and negative feelings in youths, especially boys, with more EP. Youths with IP showed coherence between HR and negative feelings that did not match the affect portrayed in the eliciting stimuli, but atypical positive emotions: they felt happier when they had slower HR. Youths without problems predominantly showed normative emotional coherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Youths with EP and IP experience atypical patterns of activation across physiological and experiential emotion systems which could undermine emotion regulation in evocative situations.
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA. pdhastings@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hastings
authors.forename: Jacob N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Nuselovici
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klimes-Dougan
authors.forename: Kimberly T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kendziora
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Usher
authors.forename: Moon-ho R
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zahn-Waxler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D001601:Bereavement; D002648:Child; D019260:Expressed Emotion / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors