Updating phylogeny of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup m in India: dispersal of modern human in South Asian corridor.
To construct maternal phylogeny and prehistoric dispersals of modern human being in the Indian sub continent, a diverse subset of 641 complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes belonging to macrohaplogroup M was chosen from a total collection of 2,783 control-region sequences, sampled from 26 selected tribal populations of India. On the basis of complete mtDNA sequencing, we identified 12 new haplogroups--M53 to M64; redefined/ascertained and characterized haplogroups M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M8'C'Z, M9, M10, M11, M12-G, D, M18, M30, M33, M35, M37, M38, M39, M40, M41, M43, M45 and M49, which were previously described by control and/or coding-region polymorphisms. Our results indicate that the mtDNA lineages reported in the present study (except East Asian lineages M8'C'Z, M9, M10, M11, M12-G, D) are restricted to Indian region.The deep rooted lineages of macrohaplogroup 'M' suggest in-situ origin of these haplogroups in India. Most of these deep rooting lineages are represented by multiple ethnic/linguist groups of India. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) shows substantial subdivisions among the tribes of India (Fst = 0.16164). The current Indian mtDNA gene pool was shaped by the initial settlers and was galvanized by minor events of gene flow from the east and west to the restricted zones. Northeast Indian mtDNA pool harbors region specific lineages, other Indian lineages and East Asian lineages. We also suggest the establishment of an East Asian gene in North East India through admixture rather than replacement.
Chandrasekar
Adimoolam
A
Anthropological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Bogadi, Mysore, India.
Kumar
Satish
S
Sreenath
Jwalapuram
J
Sarkar
Bishwa Nath
BN
Urade
Bhaskar Pralhad
BP
Mallick
Sujit
S
Bandopadhyay
Syam Sundar
SS
Barua
Pinuma
P
Barik
Subihra Sankar
SS
Basu
Debasish
D
Kiran
Uttaravalli
U
Gangopadhyay
Prodyot
P
Sahani
Ramesh
R
Prasad
Bhagavatula Venkata Ravi
BV
Gangopadhyay
Shampa
S
Lakshmi
Gandikota Rama
GR
Ravuri
Rajasekhara Reddy
RR
Padmaja
Koneru
K
Venugopal
Pulamaghatta N
PN
Sharma
Madhu Bala
MB
Rao
Vadlamudi Raghavendra
VR
D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D003062:Codon; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D051456:Gene Flow; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population / Q000379:methods*; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D013997:Time Factors
D003062:Codon; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial