title: Patterns of asymmetry in primary tooth emergence of Australian twins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study is part of a larger investigation of genetic and environmental influences on primary tooth emergence in Australian twins. Our aims were to describe patterns of emergence asymmetry, including directional and fluctuating components (DA, FA), and to test for a genetic basis to observed asymmetry.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consisted of 131 twin pairs. Using one randomly-selected twin from each pair, dental asymmetry was examined by analysing the number of days between emergence of antimeres (Delta), with dates of emergence provided through parental recording. Scatterplots were used for assessment of DA and FA, followed by paired t-tests to detect significant differences in mean Delta from zero (evidence of DA). FA was assessed by calculating means and variances of the absolute value of Delta. A range of intervals (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days) was used to define symmetrical emergence of antimeres.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although a trend in left-side advancement for tooth emergence was detected, this was not statistically significant. Relatively low levels of FA were noted through -out the primary dentition, with maxillary and mandibular lateral inisors displaying the highest values, but no evidence of a genetic influence on FA was noted. Around 50% of all antimeric pairs of primary teeth were found to emerge within 14 days of each other, although time differences of more than 50 days were noted in some cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies of dental asymmetry provide insights into the biological basis of lateralisation in humans and the results can also assist clinicians to discriminate between normal and abnormal developmental patterns.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mihailidis
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Woodroffe
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bockmann
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Townsend
mesh_terms: D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014078:Tooth Eruption / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic