Relationship of thrombus healing to underlying plaque morphology in sudden coronary death.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess differences in thrombus healing between ruptured and eroded plaques, given the natural difference in lesion substrate and that thrombi might exist days to weeks before the presentation of sudden coronary death.


BACKGROUND
Although the ability to distinguish ruptures and erosions remains a major clinical challenge, in-hospital patients dying with acute myocardial infarction establish that erosions account for 25% of all deaths, where women experience a higher incidence compared with men.


METHODS
Coronary lesions with thrombi (ruptures, n = 65; erosions, n = 50) received in consultation from the Medical Examiner's Office from 111 sudden death victims were studied. Thrombus healing was classified as early (<1 day) or late stage characterized in phases of lytic (1 to 3 days), infiltrating (4 to 7 days), or healing (>7 days). Morphometric analysis included vessel dimensions, necrotic core size, and macrophage density.


RESULTS
Late-stage thrombi were identified in 79 of 115 (69%) culprit plaques. Women more frequently had erosion with a greater prevalence of late-stage thrombi (44 of 50, 88%) than ruptures (35 of 65, 54%, p < 0.0001). The internal elastic lamina area and percent stenosis were significantly smaller in erosions compared with ruptures (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.02), where plaque burden was greater (p = 0.008). Although macrophage infiltration in erosions was significantly less than ruptures (p = 0.03), there was no established relationship with thrombus organization. Other parameters of thrombus length and occlusive versus nonocclusive showed no association with healing.


CONCLUSIONS
Approximately two-thirds of coronary thrombi in sudden coronary deaths are organizing, particularly in young individuals-especially women, who perhaps might require a different strategy of treatment.
Kramer
Miranda C A
MC
Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Rittersma
Saskia Z H
SZ
de Winter
Robbert J
RJ
Ladich
Elena R
ER
Fowler
David R
DR
Liang
You-Hui
YH
Kutys
Robert
R
Carter-Monroe
Naima
N
Kolodgie
Frank D
FD
van der Wal
Allard C
AC
Virmani
Renu
R
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors