title: The role of eNOS in vascular permeability in ENU-induced gliomas.
abstract: Brain edema in gliomas is an epiphenomenon related to blood-brain-barrier (BBB) breakdown in which endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a key role. When induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), eNOS synthesizes nitric oxide that increases vascular permeability. We investigated the relationship between eNOS, VEGF and BBB dysfunction in experimental gliomas.Tumors were produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by transplacentary administration of Ethylnitrosourea (ENU). Immunoexpression of eNOS and VEGF(165) was studied to identify locations of vascular permeability. BBB permeability was evaluated using gadolinium and intravital dyes and BBB integrity by endothelial barrier antigen (EBA), glucose transporter-1 (GluT-1) and occludin immunostaining. Low grade gliomas displayed constitutive eNOS expression in endothelial cells and in VEGF-positive astrocytes surrounding vessels. Malignant gliomas overexpressed eNOS in aberrant vessels and displayed numerous adjacent reactive astrocytes positive for VEGF. Huge dilated vessels inside tumors and glomeruloid vessels on the periphery of the tumor showed strong immunopositivity for eNOS and a lack of occludin and EBA staining in several vascular sections. BBB dysfunction on these aberrant vessels caused increased permeability as shown by Gadolinium contrast enhancement and intravital dye extravasation.These findings support the central role of eNOS in intra- and peritumoral edema in ENU-induced gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, LaNCE, Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bulnes
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Argandoña
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bengoetxea
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Leis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ortuzar
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Lafuente
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea; D005682:Gadolinium; D005910:Glioma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D037121:Plant Lectins; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D037121:Plant Lectins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C044589:epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen; C034981:tomato lectin; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D005682:Gadolinium; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea