title: Mastication and swallowing: 2. control.
abstract: In recent years, it has become clear that the neural mechanisms controlling chewing and swallowing emanate from centres in the brainstem. However, these activities may be modulated by conscious processes and by feedback from peripheral nerves.This review relates this knowledge to clinical dentistry and, in particular, to the possible relationship between craniomandibular dysfunctions and impaired control of the masticatory system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dentists should understand the neuromuscular control of the masticatory apparatus as this can be relevant to the general health of patients as well as to craniomandibular disorders involving the jaw muscles and joints.
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Dental Sciences,The Dental School, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee DD1 4HN.
authors.forename: Samuel W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cadden
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orchardson
mesh_terms: D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D056966:Excitation Contraction Coupling; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D006801:Humans; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex; D014278:Trigeminal Nuclei / Q000502:physiology*