Effects of dairy products on intracellular calcium and blood pressure in adults with essential hypertension.
BACKGROUND
Consumption of dairy foods has been associated with lower blood pressure in certain populations.


OBJECTIVE
This study examined the effects of dairy foods on blood pressure (BP) and intracellular calcium ((Ca)(i)) and the dependence of BP changes on changes in (Ca)(i).


METHODS
Twenty-three stage 1 hypertensive adults were fed the following 3 experimental diets (5 wk each) in a randomized cross-over design study; a dairy-rich, high fruits and vegetables diet (D-FandV; 30% fat, 7% saturated fat (SFA), 3.4 servings/d dairy), a high fruits and vegetables diet (FandV; 30% fat, 7% SFA, 0.4 servings/d dairy), and an average Western diet (control; 36% fat, 15% SFA, 0.4 servings/d dairy). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP, calcium regulatory hormones, and erythrocyte (Ca)(i) were determined.


RESULTS
SBP and DBP were significantly reduced by approximately 2 mm Hg following both D-F&V and F&V diets vs. the control (P < 0.05). The D-F&V diet significantly lowered 1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD compared with the F&V and control diets (P < 0.01). Serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and renin activity were unchanged. The D-F&V diet lowered (Ca)(i) vs. the other two diets (P < 0.01), and this change correlated with the fall in DBP (r = 0.52, P < 0.05). Subjects who responded to the D-F&V diet by significantly reducing (Ca)(i) exhibited significantly greater net decreases in DBP on the D-F&V vs. the F&V (-2.8 +/- 1.0 mm Hg) and control diets (-5.4 +/-1.0 mm Hg; diet x group interaction, P < 0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
Consumption of dairy foods beneficially affects (Ca)(i), resulting in improved BP in a subgroup defined by (Ca)(i) response.
Hilpert
Kirsten F
KF
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
West
Sheila G
SG
Bagshaw
Deborah M
DM
Fishell
Valerie
V
Barnhart
Linda
L
Lefevre
Michael
M
Most
Marlene M
MM
Zemel
Michael B
MB
Chow
Mosuk
M
Hinderliter
Alan L
AL
Kris-Etherton
Penny M
PM
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium