title: Individual differences and reasoning: a study on personality traits.
abstract: Personality can play a crucial role in how people reason and decide. Identifying individual differences related to how we actively gather information and use evidence could lead to a better comprehension and predictability of human reasoning. Recent findings have shown that some personality traits are related to similar decision-making patterns showed by people with mental disorders. We performed research with the aim to investigate delusion-proneness, obsessive-like personality, anxiety (trait and state), and reasoning styles in individuals from the general population. We introduced personality trait and state anxiety scores in a regression model to explore specific associations with: (1) amount of data-gathered prior to making a decision; and (2) the use of confirmatory and disconfirmatory evidence. Results showed that all our independent variables were positively or negatively associated with the amount of data collected in order to make simple probabilistic decisions. Anxiety and obsessiveness were the only predictors of the weight attributed to evidence in favour or against a hypothesis. Findings were discussed in relation to theoretical assumptions, predictions, and clinical implications. Personality traits can predict peculiar ways to reason and decide that, in turn, could be involved to some extent in the formation and/or maintenance of psychological disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy. luca.bensi@unibo.it
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bensi
authors.forename: Fiorella
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giusberti
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nori
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gambetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009770:Obsessive Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013850:Thinking