title: Proline and glycinebetaine confer cadmium tolerance on tobacco bright yellow-2 cells by increasing ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzyme activities.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) stress significantly decreased membrane integrity and impaired the ascorbate (ASC)-glutathione (GSH) cycle in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells. Exogenous application of proline and glycinebetaine (betaine) significantly restored the membrane integrity and increased the activities of ASC-GSH cycle enzymes under Cd stress without maintenance of the rich ASC or GSH pools. Moreover, proline offered more efficient protection against Cd stress than betaine.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Japan.
authors.forename: Mohammad Muzahidul
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Md Anamul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hoque
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okuma
authors.forename: Rayhanur
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jannat
authors.forename: Mst Nasrin Akhter
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Banu
authors.forename: Md Sarwar
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jahan
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D001622:Betaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011392:Proline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D001622:Betaine; D011392:Proline; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid