title: In-vitro interaction of L-dopa with bacterial adhesins of Helicobacter pylori: an explanation for clinicial differences in bioavailability?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent investigations on the pharmacokinetics of levodopa (L-dopa) indicated that the presence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with Parkinson's disease, orally treated with L-dopa, influences the absorption of this compound, which consequently leads to decreased plasma levels. Therefore this work aims to study a potential in-vitro interaction of L-dopa with H. pylori and its surface adhesins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Solutions containing L-dopa of different concentrations were incubated with H. pylori at different bacterial densities and time intervals. Free L-dopa was quantified from the incubation supernatants by HPLC. A flow cytometric assay with fluorescence labelled H. pylori was used to investigate the influence of L-dopa on the bacterial adhesion of H. pylori: FITC-labelled bacteria were pre-incubated with L-dopa, followed by incubation with gastric epithelial cells (AGS cells) and FACS quantification of adhering bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluation of time- and concentration-dependent incubation experiments indicated a significant decrease in L-dopa concentrations when coming into contact with H. pylori. The reduction in L-dopa concentrations was determined as 47 to 12%, referred to the initial starting concentration, with time-dependency and dependency of the H. pylori density. FITC-labelled H. pylori, pre-incubated with differing L-dopa concentrations, were shown to have a significantly reduced bacterial adhesion to AGS cells, with a maximum reduction of 22 +/- 9%. These results demonstrate a direct interaction of L-dopa with the outer membrane proteins of H. pylori responsible for the adhesion to gastric epithelial cells. By this interaction the unbound L-dopa concentration in bacterial suspension was strongly reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests a potential in-vitro interaction of L-dopa with H. pylori adhesins, confirming the clinical changes found in pharmacokinetics of L-dopa therapy by H. pylori-positive patients with Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niehues
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hensel
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001682:Biological Availability; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D007980:Levodopa