title: Regional variation and adherence to guidelines for drug treatment of asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the utilization of antiasthmatic drugs in Sweden and to explore regional variations in drug utilization and adherence to guidelines for rational drug prescribing of antiasthmatics and their rationale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on antiasthmatic drugs dispensed between July 2005 and December 2008 to all Swedish citizens aged between 18 and 44 years were obtained from the Swedish National Prescribed Drug Register. The period prevalence was determined by analyzing the number of users/1000 inhabitants, and the incidence by analyzing the number of new users after an 18-month drug-free wash-out period. Three drug-related indicators were used to assess the adherence to guidelines. All measures were analyzed by gender and region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 161,000 patients were dispensed antiasthmatics in 2007, corresponding to a prevalence of 4 and 6% among men and women, respectively; the incidence rates were 2 and 3%, respectively. The total drug utilization and adherence to guidelines varied between regions. The total drug expenditures of antiastmatics were 258 million SEK (28 million euro), with fixed dose combinations accounting for 46% of the expenditure. No relation was found between models for allocating prescribing budgets or clear Drug and Therapeutics Committee recommendations and adherence to guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are large regional variations in the utilization of antiasthmatics between Swedish regions, with substantial room for improvement in the adherence to guidelines. New methods of influencing physician behavior may be needed in the future to enhance adherence.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. marianne.heibert.arnlind@ki.se
authors.forename: Marianne Heibert
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Arnlind
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wettermark
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nokela
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hjemdahl
authors.forename: Clas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rehnberg
authors.forename: Eva Wikström
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Jonsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005252:Fees, Pharmaceutical; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009313:National Health Programs; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012042:Registries; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D055553:Prescription Drugs