title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous sinus or orbital hemangiomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemangiomas are rare but highly vascular tumors that may develop in the cavernous sinus or orbit. These tumors pose diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenges to neurosurgeons during attempted removal. We analyzed our increasing experience using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight symptomatic patients with hemangiomas underwent SRS between 1988 and 2007. The presenting symptoms included headache, orbital pain, diplopia, ptosis, proptosis and impaired visual acuity. The hemangiomas were located in either the cavernous sinus (7 patients) or the orbit (1 patient). Four patients underwent SRS as primary treatment modality based on clinical and imaging criteria. Four patients had previous microsurgical partial excision or biopsy. The median target volume was 6.8 mL (range, 2.5-18 mL). The median prescription dose delivered to the margin was 14.5 Gy (range, 12.5-19 Gy). The dose to the optic nerve in all patients was less than 9 Gy (range, 4.5-9 Gy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up period after SRS was 80 months (range, 40-127 months). Six patients had symptomatic improvement; 2 patients reported persistent diplopia. Follow-up imaging revealed tumor regression in 7 patients and no change in tumor volume in 1 patient. All the patients improved after SRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our extended experience confirms that SRS is an effective management strategy for symptomatic intracavernous and intraorbital hemangiomas. Our study is the first long-term report on the safety and efficacy of SRS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, The Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Aftab A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niranjan
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kondziolka
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Flickinger
authors.forename: L Dade
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Lunsford
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016634:Radiosurgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult