title: Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale in Dutch cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The measurement of adjustment to cancer is relevant for research purposes and daily practice. In this study, the psychometric properties of the original five subscales and the two recently proposed summary scales of the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale were examined in Dutch cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 289 cancer patients were assessed with the Dutch version of the MAC scale and the Hospital and Anxiety Depression scale (HADS); 259 patients completed the MAC scale for a second time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 85.5% of the participants completed the full MAC scale. The internal consistency of the five subscales and the summary scales were mostly similar to the original versions. The test-retest reliability of the Fighting Spirit, Helplessness/Hopelessness, Anxious Preoccupation, Summary Positive Adjustment and Summary Negative Adjustment subscales were moderate and the test-retest reliability of the Fatalism and Avoidance subscales were low. Correlations between the original and the two summary scales of the MAC scale and the depression and anxiety subscales of the HADS indicated good convergent validity. The structure of the five original subscales as well as the structure of the two proposed summary scales was adequate as shown by construct validity using confirmatory factor analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Dutch version of the MAC scale is a feasible questionnaire and appeared to have comparable psychometric properties as demonstrated by studies in the UK. The psychometric properties of the summary scales and Fighting Spirit and Helplessness/Hopelessness subscales seem to be acceptable. This supports the cross-national usefulness of the MAC scale.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Care and Nursing Science, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. v.braeken@zw.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Anna P B M
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Braeken
authors.forename: Gertrudis I J M
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Kempen
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Ruud M A
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Houben
authors.forename: Francis C J M V
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Gils
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lechner
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000523:psychology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009426:Netherlands; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012803:Sick Role; D014175:Translating