title: Serum levels of the interleukin-1 receptor family member ST2, cardiac structure and function, and long-term mortality in patients with acute dyspnea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ST2, a biomarker of cardiomyocyte stretch, powerfully predicts poor outcomes in patients with acute dyspnea, but nothing is known about associations between soluble ST2 (sST2) and cardiac structure and function, or whether sST2 retains prognostic meaning in the context of such measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-four dyspneic patients with and without decompensated heart failure had echocardiography during index admission and vital status was ascertained at 4 years. Echocardiographic and clinical correlates of sST2 as well as independent predictors of death at 4 years were identified. sST2 correlated with left ventricular end-systolic dimensions/volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction. sST2 was inversely associated with right ventricular fractional area change (rho=-0.18; P=0.046), higher right ventricular systolic pressure (rho=0.26; P=0.005), and right ventricular hypokinesis (P<0.001) and was correlated with tissue Doppler Ea wave peak velocity, but not to other indices of diastolic function. In multivariate regression, independent predictors of sST2 included right ventricular systolic pressure (t=2.29; P=0.002), left ventricular ejection fraction (t=-2.15; P=0.05) and dimensions (end systolic, t=2.57; end diastolic, t=2.98; both P<0.05), amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (t=3.31; P=0.009), heart rate (t=2.59; P=0.01), and presence of jugular venous distension (t=2.00; P=0.05). In a Cox proportional hazards model that included echocardiographic results and other biomarkers, sST2 independently predicted death at 4 years (hazard ratio=2.70; P=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among dyspneic patients with and without acute heart failure, sST2 concentrations are associated with prevalent cardiac abnormalities on echocardiography, a more decompensated hemodynamic profile and are associated with long-term mortality, independent of echocardiographic, clinical, or other biochemical markers of risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Ravi V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Annabel A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chen-Tournoux
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.forename: Roland R J
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: van Kimmenade
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Januzzi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface