title: A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral lapatinib administered once or twice daily in patients with solid malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study determined the range of tolerable doses, clinical safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary evidence of clinical activity following once or twice daily administration of lapatinib in patients with solid malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cancer patients (n = 81) received oral doses of lapatinib ranging from 175 to 1,800 mg once daily or 500 to 900 mg twice daily. Clinical assessments of safety and antitumor activity were recorded and blood was sampled for pharmacokinetic assessments. The effect of a low-fat meal on lapatinib pharmacokinetics was assessed in a subset of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lapatinib was well tolerated, such that dose escalation was limited at 1,800 mg once daily only by pill burden. Twice-daily dosing was implemented to further explore tolerability, and was limited by diarrhea to 500 mg twice daily. The most commonly reported adverse events with once-daily dosing were diarrhea (48%), nausea (40%), rash (40%), and fatigue (38%) and with twice-daily dosing were diarrhea (85%), rash (54%), and nausea (34%). Lapatinib serum concentrations accumulated upon repeated dosing, increasing nearly in proportion with dose, and were significantly increased when dosed with food or administered twice daily. One patient with head and neck cancer achieved a confirmed complete response and 22 patients had stable disease of >or=8 weeks including three patients with stable disease of >10 months (renal, lung, and salivary gland cancers).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lapatinib was well tolerated following once and twice daily administration. Systemic exposure to lapatinib was dependent on the dose, duration and frequency of dosing, and prandial state. Clinical activity was observed.
authors.affiliation: The Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA. Howard.Burris@scresearch.net
authors.forename: Howard A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Burris
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Suzanne F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Versola
authors.forename: Niki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Lini
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pandite
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilding
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077341:Lapatinib; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000077341:Lapatinib; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases