How do type 2 diabetes mellitus-related chronic complications impact direct medical cost in four major cities of urban China?
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct medical costs of type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without complications, and to determine the economic impact of complications on type 2 diabetic patients.


METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional study of prevalent type 2 diabetes carried out in four major cities of China. The study populations were 1530 outpatients and 524 inpatients from clinics or wards of a total of 20 hospitals, using a two-phase subject enrollment process, by face-to-face interview with a unique questionnaire.


RESULTS
The annual direct medical cost per patient was estimated to be 4800 Chinese Yuan (CNY) in median or 10,164 CNY in mean. There is a difference between annual direct medical costs for patients with or without complications (6056 vs. 3583 CNY; P < 0.001). It is also significantly different for the pay-out-of-pocket proportions (P = 0.015) between the patients with (44.6%) and without complications (40.4%). The direct medical cost varied significantly among the four cities (P < 0.001). Patients who simultaneously suffered microvascular and macrovascular diseases had higher direct medical cost (7600) than those with macrovascular (6000) (P = 0.012) and microvascular disease (5364) (P < 0.001), and those without both (3600) (P < 0.001). The correlation was statistically significant between the number of complications and direct medical costs (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The high economic burden raised by diabetes and its complications challenges the Chinese health-care system. It implicates an urgent need of intervention to prevent the development of long-term complications among the diabetic population, especially on the development of complications in high-cost body system.
Wang
Weibing
W
School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Fu
Chao Wei
CW
Pan
Chang Yu
CY
Chen
Weiqing
W
Zhan
Siyan
S
Luan
Rongsheng
R
Tan
Alison
A
Liu
Zhaolan
Z
Xu
Biao
B
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002947:Cities; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult