title: Economic burden of asthma: implications for outcomes and cost-effectiveness analyses.
abstract: Asthma is a disease of chronic airway inflammation. It is of importance to clinicians and health systems because the hospitalization and death rate due to asthma have increased since 1980. Cost of illness studies have estimated that the total cost of asthma (direct and indirect costs) exceed USD 10 billion annually, in the USA. Since 1985, the proportion of asthma costs in hospitals have decreased and the proportion of costs due to asthma medications have increased. However, approximately half of direct medical costs of asthma are due to hospitalizations. The mean direct cost of asthma per year per patient has been estimated to be approximately USD 1,100. As the implementation of national and international guidelines continues, future costs for asthma will likely come from the treatment and management of the disease. Adequate assessments of treatment and cost-effectiveness analysis are important. Recommendations promoting the use of cost-effective anti-inflammatory medications are crucial to efficiently managing asthma.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy,1703 E. Mabel, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Malone@pharmacy.arizona.edu
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Armstrong