title: Delayed application of condoms with safer and unsafe sex: factors associated with HIV risk in a community sample of gay and bisexual men.
abstract: While condom use remains one of the most effective measures to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV, decreasing attention appears to be given to its importance and techniques of effective use relative to potential biomedical technologies. This paper focuses on delayed condom application (DCA), one practice which has been implicated in HIV transmission among gay and bisexual men. It examines the prevalence of the practice within a gay community and explores factors associated with condom use among those who practice only safer sex and those who report at least some unprotected anal sex. Data were taken from an anonymous, cross-sectional study of a self-identified sample of gay and bisexual men (N=5080). Among 2614 men who responded to relevant questions, multivariate polytomous logistic regressions were used to identify variables associated with DCA. Nearly, half of the men reported delayed condom application for insertive anal intercourse in the previous 12 months. While the majority of this group also reported episodes of unprotected anal sex, more than 25% of those who reported delayed application only reported safer sexual practices. Most socio-demographic variables found to be associated with unsafe sex in other studies were not associated with DCA. Negative condom use experiences such as tearing, splitting and slippage were associated with delayed application among the two groups. DCA, which may be considered by men as an effective harm reduction strategy requires attention. Interventions to address this behavior need to consider the physical issues of condom use along with the complex array of social, structural, psychological, and interpersonal issues.
authors.affiliation: Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. dan.allman@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Allman
authors.forename: Kunyong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aguinaldo
authors.forename: Liviana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calzavara
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burchell
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Remis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology / Q000635:transmission*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D021841:Safe Sex / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data