title: The development of a cancer genetic-specific measure of coping: the GRACE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Generic measures of coping fail to capture the process of undergoing specific health processes such as cancer genetic risk assessment. The Genetic Risk Assessment Coping Evaluation (GRACE) has been developed to provide greater specificity of measurement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based upon previous research findings, the GRACE measures the degree of stress associated with 11 recognised sources of stress for individuals undergoing the early stages of cancer genetic risk assessment, and the use of up to eight coping strategies they may elicit. This paper reports preliminary data from the piloting of the GRACE within a randomised trial of a coping intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 265 participants who completed and returned their baseline questionnaire (prior to being informed of their level of genetic risk), 257 completed the GRACE. The most highly endorsed sources of stress involved concerns relating to family members, endorsed by over 60% of respondents, and concerns about how the participants would cope if found to be at increased risk (59%). Participants made use of multiple coping strategies across different sources of stress. The most frequently reported coping strategies were emotion-focused, which may reflect the stage of the assessment process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The completion rates for the matrix and specificity of responses provided suggest that the GRACE may be an acceptable measurement tool. Further data collection and validation is ongoing.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Counselling, Swansea Metropolitan University, Wales, UK. ceri.phelps@smu.ac.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brain
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D010174:Pamphlets; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D012306:Risk; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014852:Wales