title: Early, active, and specific localization of herpes simplex virus type 1 gM to nuclear membranes.
abstract: Thirteen different glycoproteins are incorporated into mature herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) virions. Five of them play important roles during entry, while others intervene during egress of the virus. Although HSV-1 gM is not essential in cell culture, its deletion reduces viral yields and promotes syncytium formation. Furthermore, gM is conserved among herpesviruses, is essential for several of them, and can redirect the gD and gH/gL viral glycoproteins from the cell surface to the trans-Golgi network, where gM presumably modulates final capsid envelopment. Late in infection, gM reaches the nuclear envelope and decorates perinuclear virions. This process seemingly requires U(L)31 and U(L)34 and occurs when several markers of the trans-Golgi network have relocalized to the nucleus. However, the precise mechanism of gM nuclear targeting is unclear. We now report that gM is quickly and specifically targeted to nuclear membranes in a virus-dependent manner. This occurs prior to the HSV-1-induced reorganization of the trans-Golgi network and before gM enters the secretory pathway. The presence of a high-mannose glycosylation pattern on gM further corroborated these findings. While gM was targeted to the inner nuclear membrane early in infection, its partners gD, gH, gN, VP22, U(L)31, and U(L)34 did not colocalize with gM. These data suggest that nuclear gM fulfills an early nuclear function that is independent of its known interaction partners and its function in viral egress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Claus-Henning
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sodeik
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lippé
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000378:metabolism*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D021601:trans-Golgi Network / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C081689:UL10 protein, Human herpesvirus 1; D014764:Viral Proteins