title: [Visual self-assessment with the ACTO test during follow-up of AMD patients after intravitreal injections].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monthly controls are necessary after injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to enable timely recognition of a renewed decrease in vision. However, these monthly control intervals are not realistic for many older patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and outpatient clinics often reach their logistical limits because of inadequate funding for the additional medical work. Against this background, we conceived the ACTO self-test as a novel screening method for patients to discover unnoticed visual changes outside the routinely scheduled ophthalmic examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  The paper version of the ACTO self-test consists of a reading chart gradated in decimal steps as well as six questions regarding the quality of the Amsler grid. The patient uses a self-screening test to examine each eye separately and then transfers the results to a table. Along with the self-examination, the Action Eyesight Service Center is available to the patient by phone to motivate the patient and schedule a new appointment if improved test results occur. If decreased values or suspected decreased visual function occur, these are verified immediately by the referring physician.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is a good correlation between the steps of the ACTO self-test and standard visual acuity at 4 m (r(2)=0.9). Altogether, 1,444 patients were followed by phone and 745 participated in repeated regular audits, for a total of 3,003 phone contacts. The treating physician was informed about decreased visual acuity or increased Amsler distortion in the ACTO test in 137 cases, and immediate verification was done. We had 699 dropouts; the reasons were decreased visual acuity below the limits of the ACTO test in 39%, additional monthly examinations by the local ophthalmologist in 29%, and a desire for no more telephone follow-up (despite initial written consent) in 32%. Decreased vision when reading or an increased score on the Amsler test within the ACTO screening test was observed in 18% of AMD patients during the maintenance phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monthly screening by the ACTO screening test in combination with phone audits offers a new way to test visual acuity, with the Amsler score helping to detect changes in visual function. For patients with visual changes, confirmation by the ophthalmic physician can be achieved in time. Self-assessment cannot replace qualified ophthalmologic examination, but monthly self-controls enhance safety, reduce the number of physician contacts, and improve the detection of visual changes, with the option of immediate ophthalmic retreatment.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik Köln, Merheim & ACTO e.V, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, 51109 Köln.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cordes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ender
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schrage
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A