title: Aggressive surgical treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis has emerged, adequate control of drug-resistant tuberculosis has become increasingly important. We report on our experience using liberal adjuvant resectional surgery as part of aggressive treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 56 consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary resections for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis between January 2000 and June 2007. There were 42 males and 14 females (mean age, 46 years; range, 22-64 years). Isolates were resistant to a mean of 5.6 drugs (range, 2-10 drugs). Multi-drug regimens employing 3 to 7 drugs (mean, 4.6 drugs) were initiated in all patients. Indications for surgery were a high risk of relapse for 37 patients, persistent positive sputum for 18, and 1 with associated empyema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 56 patients underwent 61 pulmonary resections (3 completion pneumonectomies, 19 pneumonectomies, 33 lobectomies, and 6 segmentectomies). Bronchial stumps were reinforced with muscle flaps in 54 resections. Operative mortality and morbidity rates were 0% and 16%, respectively. All patients attained postoperative sputum-negative status. Relapse occurred in 5 patients; 3 were converted by a second resection, and 1 responded to augmentation of chemotherapy. Late death occurred for 2 patients without evidence of relapse. Among 54 survivors, 53 (98%) were considered cured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical treatment that complements medical treatment has proved safe and efficacious for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. In an era with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, an aggressive treatment approach to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis continues to be justified until a panacea for this refractory disease is available.
authors.affiliation: Section of Chest Surgery, Fukujuji Hospital, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan. yujishi@mvb.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsuragi
authors.forename: Hidefumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kariatsumari
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000601:surgery*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents