title: Hepatoprotective evaluation of Anogeissus latifolia: in vitro and in vivo studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of a hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of Anogeissus latifolia; in vitro in primary rat hepatocyte monolayer culture and in vivo in the liver of Wistar rats intoxicated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)).
  
  
  METHODS
  In the in vitro study, a primary hepatocyte monolayer culture was treated with CCl(4) and extract of Anogeissus latifolia. Hepatoprotective activity was demonstrated in the CCl(4) damaged primary monolayer culture. In the in vivo study, the hepatoprotective activity of a hydroalcoholic extract of Anogeissus latifolia was analyzed in liver injured CCl(4)-treated rats. Biochemical parameters including serum transaminases [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were analyzed. The biochemical findings were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro: primary hepatocyte monolayer cultures were treated with CCl(4) and extract of Anogeissus latifolia. A protective activity could be demonstrated in the CCl(4) damaged primary monolayer culture. In vivo: Hydroalcoholic extract of Anogeissus latifolia (300 mg/kg) was found to have protective activity in rats with CCl(4)-induced liver damage as judged from serum marker enzyme activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above findings lead to the conclusion that the hydroalcoholic extract of Anogeissus latifolia is hepatoprotective. Hence, we suggest that the inclusion of this plant in the management of liver disorders is justified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Nizam Institute of Pharmacy, Deshmukhi, Pochampally (Mandal), Near Ramoji Film City, Nalgonda 508284, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Hulikere Ananth
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.forename: Saleemullah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Karamkonda
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ravikumar
authors.forename: Mohammed Fazil
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Meesala Srinivasa
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Mandava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiranmai
authors.forename: Dachani Sudhershan
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Shaik Rasheed
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ahamed
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D002252:Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D029764:Combretaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase