title: New defensins from hard and soft ticks: similarities, differences, and phylogenetic analyses.
abstract: Despite the importance of ticks as vectors of disease very little is known about their immune system. Antimicrobial peptides, including defensins (phylogenetically ancient antibacterial peptides) are major components of innate immunity in ticks that have been shown to provide protection against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoan parasites. With the aim of studying the evolution of the genes involved in tick defense, we identified the preprodefensin genes from four Ornithodoros tick species (O. papillipes: isoforms A, B, and D; O. tartakovskyi and O. puertoricensis: isoforms A and B; O. rostratus: isoform A) and from two Dermacentor tick species (D. reticulatus and D. marginatus: one isoform) not previously described. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Ornithodoros defensin isoforms (A, B, C, and D) form 4 separate clades, while hard tick defensins are divided into several branches based on particular tick species.
authors.affiliation: University of South Bohemia, Branisovská 31, Ceské Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. terezam@paru.cas.cz
authors.forename: Tereza
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chrudimská
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chrudimský
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golovchenko
authors.forename: Nataliia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rudenko
authors.forename: Libor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grubhoffer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D023082:Defensins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D013987:Ticks / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D023082:Defensins