title: Synthetic biology: ethical ramifications 2009.
abstract: During 2007 and 2008 synthetic biology moved from the manifesto stage to research programs. As of 2009, synthetic biology is ramifying; to ramify means to produce differentiated trajectories from previous determinations. From its inception, most of the players in synthetic biology agreed on the need for (a) rationalized design and construction of new biological parts, devices, and systems as well as (b) the re-design of natural biological systems for specified purposes, and that (c) the versatility of designed biological systems makes them suitable to address such challenges as renewable energy, the production of inexpensive drugs, and environmental remediation, as well as providing a catalyst for further growth of biotechnology. What is understood by these goals, however, is diverse. Those assorted understandings are currently contributing to different ramifications of synthetic biology. The Berkeley Human Practices Lab, led by Paul Rabinow, is currently devoting its efforts to documenting and analyzing these ramifications as they emerge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology and the Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, rabinow@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rabinow
authors.forename: Gaymon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bennett