title: Quadrimodal treatment of high-risk T1 and T2 bladder cancer: transurethral tumor resection followed by concurrent radiochemotherapy and regional deep hyperthermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and effectiveness of treating high-risk T1 and T2 bladder cancer with transurethral resection (TUR-BT) followed by radiochemotherapy (RCT) combined with regional deep hyperthermia (RHT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2003 and 2007, 45 patients were enrolled. After TUR-BT patients received radiotherapy (RT) of the bladder and regional lymph nodes with 50.4 Gy, and a boost to the bladder of 5.4-9 Gy. RCT was applied to 43/45 patients. RHT was administered once weekly. Response was re-evaluated 6 weeks after RT by restaging-TUR. Toxicity was graded with the CTCAE, version 3.0. QoL was evaluated by a dedicated questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up was 34 months (range 12-60). The median number of hyperthermia treatments was 5 (range 1-7). Acute toxicity grades 3 and 4 occurred in 20% (9/45) and 9% (4/45), respectively. Late toxicity grades 3/4 were seen in 24% (11/45). Complete response rate was 96% (43/45). Local recurrence-free survival was 85%, overall survival was 80%, disease-specific survival was 88%, metastasis-free survival was 89%, and the bladder-preserving rate was 96% (43/45) at 3 years. Eighty percent (24/30) were at least mostly satisfied with their bladder function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quadrimodal treatment was feasible and well tolerated. Local control and bladder-preserving rates were encouraging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiooncology, University of Erlangen, Germany. michael.wittlinger@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wittlinger
authors.forename: Claus M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rödel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Steffen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fietkau
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Oliver J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Ott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000628:therapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*