title: UBE2S elongates ubiquitin chains on APC/C substrates to promote mitotic exit.
abstract: The anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C), a ubiquitin ligase, is the target of the spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC), and it ubiquitylates protein substrates whose degradation regulates progress through mitosis. The identity of the ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzymes that work with the APC/C is unclear. In an RNA interference (RNAi) screen for factors that modify release from drug-induced SAC activation, we identified the E2 enzyme UBE2S as an APC/C auxiliary factor that promotes mitotic exit. UBE2S is dispensable in a normal mitosis, but its depletion prolongs drug-induced mitotic arrest and suppresses mitotic slippage. In vitro, UBE2S elongates ubiquitin chains initiated by the E2 enzymes UBCH10 and UBCH5, enhancing the degradation of APC/C substrates by the proteasome. Indeed, following release from SAC-induced mitotic arrest, UBE2S-depleted cells neither degrade crucial APC/C substrates, nor silence this checkpoint, whereas bypassing the SAC through BUBR1 depletion or Aurora-B inhibition negates the requirement for UBE2S. Thus, UBE2S functions with the APC/C in a two-step mechanism to control substrate ubiquitylation that is essential for mitotic exit after prolonged SAC activation, providing a new model for APC/C function in human cells.
authors.affiliation: University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology and The Medical Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OXZ, UK.
authors.forename: Mathew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Garnett
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mansfeld
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godwin
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsusaka
authors.forename: Jiahua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Jonathon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pines
authors.forename: Ashok R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Venkitaraman
mesh_terms: D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008938:Mitosis; D034622:RNA Interference; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome