title: The canine papillomavirus e5 protein signals from the endoplasmic reticulum.
abstract: The recently discovered Canis familiaris papillomavirus (PV) type 2 (CfPV2) provides a unique opportunity to study PV gene functions in vitro and in vivo. Unlike the previously characterized canine oral PV, CfPV2 contains an E5 open reading frame and is associated with progression to squamous cell carcinoma. In the current study, we have expressed and characterized the CfPV2-encoded E5 protein, a small, hydrophobic, 41-amino-acid polypeptide. We demonstrate that, similar to the E5 protein from high-risk human PV type 16, the CfPV2 E5 protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and that its expression decreases keratinocyte proliferation and cell life span. E5 expression also increases the percentage of cells in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle, with a concomitant decrease in the percentage of cells in S phase. To identify a potential mechanism for E5-mediated growth inhibition from the ER, we developed a real-time PCR method to quantify the splicing of XBP1 mRNA as a measure of ER stress. We found that the CfPV2 E5 protein induced ER stress and that this, as well as the observed growth inhibition, is tempered significantly by coexpression of the CfPV2 E6 and E7 genes. It is possible that the spatial/temporal regulation of E6/E7 gene expression during keratinocyte differentiation might therefore modulate E5 activity and ER stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Condjella
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suprynowicz
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Sawali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sudarshan
authors.forename: Yuhai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schlegel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019556:COS Cells; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs / Q000821:virology*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012326:RNA Splicing; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1; C000605543:XBP1 protein, human; C000605544:Xbp1 protein, mouse