title: Bioequivalence study of two tablet formulations of ramipril in healthy volunteers.
abstract: This study was conducted in order to assess the bioequivalence of a test and reference tablet formulation containing 10 mg of ramipril ((1S,5S,7S)-8-[(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenyl-propyl]amino]propanoyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.3.0] octane-7-carboxylic acid, CAS 87333-19-5). Forty healthy male and female volunteers were treated in a single-centre randomised, single-dose, open-label, 2-way crossover study, with a washout period of 35 days between treatments. Plasma samples were collected up to 168 h post-dosing for the determination of ramipril and its active metabolite, ramiprilat, by LC-MS/MS. The evaluation of bioequivalence was based on the following pharmacokinetic parameters that were calculated by standard non-compartmental methods: the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUCt) and that extrapolated to infinity (AUC) and the maximum observed concentration (Cmax). The 90% confidence interval of the ratios (test/reference) (obtained by analysis of variance, ANOVA) were 0.83-1.20 for Cmax of ramipril, 0.90-1.10 for Cmax of ramiprilat, 0.95-1.23 for AUC(0-48) of ramipril, 0.97-1.11 for AUC(0-168) of ramiprilat, 0.96-1.23 for AUC of ramipril and 0.98-1.15 for AUC of ramiprilat, i.e. within the predefined acceptable range for the conclusion of bioequivalence. Tmax of the test formulation was 0.67 +/- 0.33 h for ramipril and 2.28 +/- 0.74 h for ramiprilat; Tmax of the reference formulation was 0.71 +/- 0.32 h for ramipril and 2.40 +/- 0.88 for ramiprilat. The ramipril and ramiprilat Tmax values estimated for the test and the reference formulations were not significantly different (p-value > 0.05). The study indicated that the test and reference formulations containing 10 mg of ramipril were equivalent in terms of both the rate and extent of bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Centre of Excellence on Aging, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy. allegrinia@gmail.com
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allegrini
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nuzzo
authors.forename: Mirco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zucchelli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavella-Scaringi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pavone
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toniato
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mezzetti
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martinotti
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017257:Ramipril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013607:Tablets; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D013607:Tablets; D017257:Ramipril