Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the key cellular organelle involved in protein homoeostasis. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a fundamental cellular process triggered by ER stress because of lack of ATP or primary ER dysfunction. The UPR is activated and dysregulated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The UPR has been shown to be involved in both normal physiologic functions and the cellular response to a host of pathologic states. This article reviews the pathways by which the UPR unfolds and its potential role in the development and progression of NAFLD.
Kapoor
Ashwani
A
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1200 East Broad Street, MCV Box 980341, Richmond, VA 23298-0341, USA.
Sanyal
Arun J
AJ
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017510:Protein Folding; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response