title: Status epilepticus induces cardiac myofilament damage and increased susceptibility to arrhythmias in rats.
abstract: Status epilepticus (SE) is a seizure or series of seizures that persist for >30 min and often results in mortality. Death rarely occurs during or immediately following seizure activity, but usually within 30 days. Although ventricular arrhythmias have been implicated in SE-related mortality, the effects of this prolonged seizure activity on the cardiac function and susceptibility to arrhythmias have not been directly investigated. We evaluated myocardial damage, alterations in cardiac electrical activity, and susceptibility to experimentally induced arrhythmias produced by SE in rats. SE resulted in seizure-related increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and the first derivative of pressure, as well as modest, diffuse myocyte damage assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining. Ten to twelve days following seizures, electrocardiographic recordings showed arrhythmogenic alterations in cardiac electrical activity, denoted by prolonged QT interval corrected for heart rate and QT dispersion. Finally, SE increased susceptibility to experimentally induced (intravenous aconitine) cardiac arrhythmias. These data suggest that SE produces tachycardic ischemia following the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in cardiac myofilament damage, arrhythmogenic alterations in cardiac electrical activity, and increased susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 East Rm. 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Cameron S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poelzing
authors.forename: Jason G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bealer
mesh_terms: D000157:Aconitine; D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010862:Pilocarpine; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019210:Troponin I; D010862:Pilocarpine; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D000157:Aconitine