title: The modern management of gout.
abstract: Gout is an inflammatory arthritis characterized by self-limiting but excruciatingly painful acute attacks. These are a consequence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals being deposited within articular or periarticular tissue. Chronic tophaceous gout can develop after years of acute intermittent gout. Recent discoveries, including the role of the inflammasome and intracellular events demonstrating that pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1 beta, -8 and TNF-alpha, promote neutrophil influx. Also, genetic advances with the identification of the URAT-1 transporter and genetic variation in SLC 2A9 as a key regulator of urate homoeostasis, have given us deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of gout, and also allow for more targeted treatments. Hopefully, new and emerging therapeutic options will reduce treatment-resistant gout in patients who are unresponsive or unable to take traditional urate lowering therapy. The development of new therapies may also increase patient numbers being treated in the specialist setting, which may have several secondary benefits.
authors.affiliation: Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Eastern Road, Brighton, BN2 5BE, UK.
authors.forename: Tom G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Rider
authors.forename: Kelsey M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003078:Colchicine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006073:Gout / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008019:Life Style; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006074:Gout Suppressants; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D003078:Colchicine