title: Reproductive outcomes in male childhood cancer survivors: a linked cancer-birth registry analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the risk of reproductive and infant outcomes between male childhood cancer survivors and a population-based comparison group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four US regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cancer registries identified males younger than 20 years diagnosed with cancer from 1973 to 2000. Linked birth certificates identified first subsequent live offspring (N = 470). Comparison subjects were identified from remaining birth certificates, frequency-matched on year and age at fatherhood, and race/ethnicity (N = 4150).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cancer diagnosis before age 20 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy and infant outcomes identified from birth certificates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with infants born to unaffected males, offspring of cancer survivors had a borderline risk of having a birth weight less than 2500 g (relative risk, 1.43 [95% confidence interval, 0.99-2.05]) that was associated most strongly with younger age at cancer diagnosis and exposure to any chemotherapy (1.96 [1.22-3.17]) or radiotherapy (1.95 [1.14-3.35]). However, they were not at risk of being born prematurely, being small for gestational age, having malformations, or having an altered male to female ratio. Overall, female partners of male survivors were not more likely to have maternal complications recorded on birth records vs the comparison group. However, preeclampsia was associated with some cancers, especially central nervous system tumors (relative risk, 3.36 [95% confidence interval, 1.63-6.90]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most pregnancies resulting in live births among partners of male childhood cancer survivors were not at significantly greater risk of complications vs comparison subjects. However, there remains the possibility that prior cancer therapy may affect male germ cells with some effects on progeny and on female partners.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA. ericchow@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamineni
authors.forename: Janet R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Daling
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: Geraldine P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Mineau
authors.forename: Merlin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hamre
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Severson
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drews-Botsch
authors.forename: Beth A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D018812:Paternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents