The key role of segmented filamentous bacteria in the coordinated maturation of gut helper T cell responses.
Microbiota-induced cytokine responses participate in gut homeostasis, but the cytokine balance at steady-state and the role of individual bacterial species in setting the balance remain elusive. Herein, systematic analysis of gnotobiotic mice indicated that colonization by a whole mouse microbiota orchestrated a broad spectrum of proinflammatory T helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and regulatory T cell responses whereas most tested complex microbiota and individual bacteria failed to efficiently stimulate intestinal T cell responses. This function appeared the prerogative of a restricted number of bacteria, the prototype of which is the segmented filamentous bacterium, a nonculturable Clostridia-related species, which could largely recapitulate the coordinated maturation of T cell responses induced by the whole mouse microbiota. This bacterium, already known as a potent inducer of mucosal IgA, likely plays a unique role in the postnatal maturation of gut immune functions. Changes in the infant flora may thus influence the development of host immune responses.
Gaboriau-Routhiau
Valérie
V
INRA, U910, Unité Ecologie et Physiologie du Système Digestif, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France. valerie.gaboriau-routhiau@inserm.fr
Rakotobe
Sabine
S
Lécuyer
Emelyne
E
Mulder
Imke
I
Lan
Annaïg
A
Bridonneau
Chantal
C
Rochet
Violaine
V
Pisi
Annamaria
A
De Paepe
Marianne
M
Brandi
Giovanni
G
Eberl
Gérard
G
Snel
Johannes
J
Kelly
Denise
D
Cerf-Bensussan
Nadine
N
D000818:Animals; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000276:immunology; D003013:Clostridium / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
D016207:Cytokines; D020381:Interleukin-17