Marine omega-3 fatty acid intake: associations with cardiometabolic risk and response to weight loss intervention in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study.
OBJECTIVE
To examine usual marine omega-3 fatty acid (mO-3FA) intake in individuals with diabetes; its association with adiposity, lipid, and glucose control; and its changes with behavioral lifestyle intervention for weight loss.


METHODS
Cross-sectional and 1-year longitudinal analyses were performed on 2,397 Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) participants. Look AHEAD is a cardiovascular outcome trial evaluating the effects of intensive lifestyle intervention for weight loss in overweight/obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.


RESULTS
Baseline mO-3FA intake was 162 +/- 138 mg/day. It was inversely associated with triglycerides (beta = -0.41, P < 0.001) and weakly with HDL (beta = 4.14, P = 0.050), after multiple covariate adjustment. One-year mO-3FA and fried/sandwich fish intake decreased with intensive lifestyle intervention (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
mO-3FA intake in Look AHEAD participants was low but associated favorably with lipids. These results encourage investigation on the potential benefits of increasing mO-3FA intake in lifestyle interventions for weight loss in individuals with diabetes.
Belalcazar
L Maria
LM
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA. lmbelalc@utmb.edu
Reboussin
David M
DM
Haffner
Steven M
SM
Reeves
Rebecca S
RS
Schwenke
Dawn C
DC
Hoogeveen
Ron C
RC
Pi-Sunyer
F Xavier
FX
Ballantyne
Christie M
CM
D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000187:drug effects; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides