Androgen replacement therapy in Turner syndrome: a pilot study.
BACKGROUND
Women with Turner syndrome (TS) have reduced levels of androgens due to ovarian failure.


OBJECTIVE
Morbidity associated with TS, such as bone fragility, metabolic changes, obesity, neurocognitive profile, and sexual problems may partly relate to androgen insufficiency and improve on androgen replacement therapy (ART).


OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of androgens on morbidity in TS.


METHODS
Fourteen TS women (aged 17-27 yr) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover pilot. The study was conducted in a hospital outpatient clinic between December 2001 and July 2004.


METHODS
TS patients were on estrogen/progestin replacement therapy. Subjects received oral 1.5 mg methyl testosterone (ART) or placebo for 1 yr and the alternative for another year.


METHODS
The study compared body composition as a primary outcome, and physiology, biochemistry, visceral fat, cognition, and quality of life (QOL) as secondary outcomes.


RESULTS
ART as compared with placebo reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It improved bone mineral density, increased lean body mass, and decreased fat mass. ART improved attention, reaction time, and verbal memory and had no effect on executive functions and spatial cognition. Patients reported improved QOL, including general health, coping with stress, and sexual desire.


CONCLUSIONS
Androgen insufficiency plays a role in TS-impaired body composition, neurocognition, and QOL, and these aspects improve with ART, which was safe and effective when given for 1 yr.
Zuckerman-Levin
Nehama
N
Pediatric Endocrinology, Meyer Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 9602, Haifa 31096, Israel. zuckerln@netvision.net.il
Frolova-Bishara
Tatiana
T
Militianu
Daniela
D
Levin
Moshe
M
Aharon-Peretz
Judith
J
Hochberg
Ze'ev
Z
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008777:Methyltestosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D019529:Sexuality; D045165:Testosterone Congeners / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
D000728:Androgens; D008055:Lipids; D045165:Testosterone Congeners; D008777:Methyltestosterone