Functional analysis of FSP27 protein regions for lipid droplet localization, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and dimerization with CIDEA.
The adipocyte-specific protein FSP27, also known as CIDEC, is one of three cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) proteins. The first known function for CIDEs was promotion of apoptosis upon ectopic expression in mammalian cells. Recent studies in endogenous settings demonstrated key roles for CIDEs in energy metabolism. FSP27 is a lipid droplet-associated protein whose heterologous expression enhances formation of enlarged lipid droplets and is required for unilocular lipid droplets typical of white adipocytes in vivo. Here, we delineate relationships between apoptotic function and lipid droplet localization of FSP27. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of FSP27 induces enlarged lipid droplets in multiple human cell lines, which is indicative that its mechanism involves ubiquitously present, rather than adipocyte-specific, cellular machinery. Furthermore, promotion of lipid droplet formation in HeLa cells via culture in exogenous oleic acid offsets FSP27-mediated apoptosis. Using transient cotransfections and analysis of lipid droplets in HeLa cells stably expressing FSP27, we show that FSP27 does not protect lipid droplets from action of ATGL lipase. Domain mapping with eGFP-FSP27 deletion constructs indicates that lipid droplet localization of FSP27 requires amino acids 174-192 of its CIDE C domain. The apoptotic mechanism of FSP27, which we show involves caspase-9 and mitochondrial cytochrome c, also requires this 19-amino acid region. Interaction assays determine the FSP27 CIDE C domain complexes with CIDEA, and Western blot reveals that FSP27 protein levels are reduced by coexpression of CIDEA. Overall, our findings demonstrate the function of the FSP27 CIDE C domain and/or regions thereof for apoptosis, lipid droplet localization, and CIDEA interaction.
Liu
Kun
K
Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, The University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA.
Zhou
Shengli
S
Kim
Ji-Young
JY
Tillison
Kristin
K
Majors
David
D
Rearick
David
D
Lee
Jun Ho
JH
Fernandez-Boyanapalli
Ruby F
RF
Barricklow
Katherine
K
Houston
M Sue
MS
Smas
Cynthia M
CM
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019556:COS Cells; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D019281:Dimerization; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008049:Lipase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D000217:Acyltransferases
D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D020169:Caspases; D045304:Cytochromes c; D008049:Lipase; C502539:CIDEA protein, human; C494794:PNPLA2 protein, human; D000217:Acyltransferases