Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease.
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells. These cells establish a barrier between sometimes hostile external environments and the internal milieu. However, mucosae are also responsible for nutrient absorption and waste secretion, which require a selectively permeable barrier. These functions place the mucosal epithelium at the centre of interactions between the mucosal immune system and luminal contents, including dietary antigens and microbial products. Recent advances have uncovered mechanisms by which the intestinal mucosal barrier is regulated in response to physiological and immunological stimuli. Here I discuss these discoveries along with evidence that this regulation shapes mucosal immune responses in the gut and, when dysfunctional, may contribute to disease.
Turner
Jerrold R
JR
Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland, MC 1089, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. jturner@bsd.uchicago.edu
D000818:Animals; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D008565:Membrane Proteins