Shuttle swim test for water polo players: validity and reliability.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study, carried out on elite water polo players, was to examine: 1) the relationship between the shuttle swim test (SST) and the performance during official water polo games, and 2) the SST reliability.


METHODS
Sixteen male players of the Italian National Water Polo Team (age: 27.9 + or - 2.1 years, body mass: 88.5 + or - 10.3 kg, height: 186.6 + or - 6.9 cm) performed the SST, consisting of two sets of seven repetitions from 40 to 10 m (total of 120 m for each set) at a maximal intensity with 90 s of rest between sets. During the SST, average swimming speed, blood lactate concentration and heart rate were recorded. Direct validity of the SST was evaluated by comparing the average swimming speed with the total distance covered (TD) and the distance covered at high intensity swimming (above 1.8 m x s(-1), HIS) during three official water polo games. SST reliability was assessed by testing the same athletes one week apart.


RESULTS
Average swimming speed during the SST was significantly correlated with TD (r=0.67, P<0.01) and HIS (r=0.74, P<0.004). The mean average speed during SST showed high reliability (TE=0.4%; CI 95%: 0.2% to 1.0% ). The T1 vs. T2 difference in mean average speed was not significant.


CONCLUSIONS
Present findings demonstrate the validity and reliability of the SST for evaluation of the swimming fitness of water polo players.
Melchiorri
G
G
Motor Science Department, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy. gmelchiorri@libero.it
Manzi
V
V
Padua
E
E
Sardella
F
F
Bonifazi
M
M
D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*
D007773:Lactates