Downregulation of MIP-1alpha/CCL3 with praziquantel treatment in Schistosoma haematobium and HIV-1 co-infected individuals in a rural community in Zimbabwe.
BACKGROUND
Chemokines have been reported to play an important role in granulomatous inflammation during Schistosoma mansoni infection. However there is less information on their role in Schistosoma haematobium infection, or on the effect of concurrent HIV-1 infection, as a potential modifying influence.


METHODS
To determine levels of MIP-1alpha/CCL3 chemokine in plasma of S. haematobium and HIV-1 co-infected and uninfected individuals in a rural black Zimbabwean community.A cohort was established of HIV-1 and schistosomiasis infection and co-infection comprising 379 participants. Outcome measures consisted of HIV-1 and schistosomiasis status and levels of MIP-1alpha/CCL3 in plasma at baseline and three months post treatment. An association was established between MIP-1alpha/CCL3 plasma levels with HIV-1 and S. haematobium infections.


RESULTS
A total of 379 adults formed the established cohort comprising 76 (20%) men and 303 (80%) women. Mean age was 33.25, range 17 - 62 years. The median MIP-1alpha/CCL3 plasma concentration was significantly higher in S. haematobium infected compared with uninfected individuals (p = 0.029). In contrast, there was no difference in the median MIP-1alpha/CCL3 levels between HIV-1 positive and negative individuals (p = 0.631). MIP-1alpha/CCL3 concentration in plasma was significantly reduced at three months after treatment with praziquantel (p = 000).


CONCLUSIONS
The results of our study show that the MIP-1alpha/CCL3 levels were positively associated with S. haematobium egg counts at baseline but not with HIV-1 infection status. MIP-1alpha/CCL3 levels were significantly reduced at three months post treatment with praziquantel. We therefore conclude that MIP-1alpha/CCL3 is produced during infection with S haematobium. S. haematobium infection is associated with increased MIP-1alpha/CCL3 levels in an egg intensity-dependent manner and treatment of S. haematobium is associated with a reduction in MIP-1alpha/CCL3.
Zinyama-Gutsire
Rbl
R
Biochemistry Department, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. gutsirerbl@yahoo.com
Gomo
E
E
Kallestrup
P
P
Erikstrup
C
C
Ullum
H
H
Butterworth
A E
AE
Munyati
S
S
Mduluza
T
T
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D011223:Praziquantel / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012424:Rural Population; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D055815:Young Adult; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology
D000871:Anthelmintics; C515429:CCL3 protein, human; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D011223:Praziquantel