Ferulic acid inhibits oxidative stress and cell death induced by Ab oligomers: improved delivery by solid lipid nanoparticles.
Oxidative stress and dysfunctional mitochondria are among the earliest events in AD, triggering neurodegeneration. The use of natural antioxidants could be a neuroprotective strategy for blocking cell death. Here, the antioxidant action of ferulic acid (FA) on different paths leading to degeneration of recombinant beta-amyloid peptide (rAbeta42) treated cells was investigated. Further, to improve its delivery, a novel drug delivery system (DDS) was used. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), empty or containing ferulic acid (FA-SNL), were developed as DDS. The resulting particles had small colloidal size and highly negative surface charge in water. Using neuroblastoma cells and rAbeta42 oligomers, it was demonstrated that free and SLNs-loaded FA recover cell viability. FA treatment, in particular if loaded into SLNs, decreased ROS generation, restored mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) and reduced cytochrome c release and intrinsic pathway apoptosis activation. Further, FA modulated the expression of Peroxiredoxin, an anti-oxidative protein, and attenuated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 activated by Abeta oligomers.
Picone
Pasquale
P
Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM), CNR, via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
Bondi
Maria L
ML
Montana
Giovanna
G
Bruno
Andreina
A
Pitarresi
Giovanna
G
Giammona
Gaetano
G
Di Carlo
Marta
M
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D008055:Lipids; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D045304:Cytochromes c; C004999:ferulic acid