Individualized magnetic resonance imaging-based neoadjuvant chemoradiation for middle and lower rectal carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
In most institutions neoadjuvant chemoradiation for middle and lower rectal carcinoma is currently given to patients with tumours of clinical stages II or III (cT3,4 and/or N1,2). The possibility of a reduction in the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation by an individualized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based indication for neoadjuvant chemoradiation was analysed.


METHODS
Assessment of the pathological and oncological principles indicating for neoadjuvant treatment was used to determine the prognostic importance of the distance between the tumour and the circumferential resection margin and pretherapeutic assessment using modern MRI.


RESULTS
Based on the results of pretreatment MRI scanning, a proposal is presented for the treatment of middle and lower rectal carcinoma with neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Adopting this proposal, the frequency of neoadjuvant chemoradiation decreased from 70% to 35% and the early and late adverse effects of this therapy were reduced. In contrast, the expected locoregional recurrence rate increased from 6% to 11% if all quality criteria were met and to 18% if not.


CONCLUSIONS
An MRI-based indication for neoadjuvant chemoradiation is justified only for centres with regular quality assurance of MRI, surgery, radiotherapy and pathology. The proposal needs confirmation by long-term follow up and by prospective studies with larger numbers of patients.
Hermanek
P
P
Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany. paul.hermanek@uk-erlangen.de
Hohenberger
W
W
Fietkau
R
R
Rödel
C
C
D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery