Time course of changes in ocular wavefront aberration after instillation of 0.5% timolol gel-forming solution.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the influence of 0.5% timolol gel-forming solution on ocular wavefront aberrations.


METHODS
In 17 normal volunteers, ocular aberration was assessed before and 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 6 h and 12 h after instillation of timolol gel-forming solution. Ocular aberration was sequentially measured over a period of 10 s, and the root-mean-square (RMS) of the second-, third-, fourth- and total higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were determined. From the time course of changes in total HOAs in 10 s, the stability index (SI) and fluctuation index (FI) were calculated. The authors also investigated sequential changes in specific Zernike components such as vertical coma, horizontal coma and spherical aberration.


RESULTS
No significant changes in second-order RMS were observed (p=0.452, repeated-measures ANOVA). Topical instillation significantly increased HOAs such as third-, fourth- and total higher-order RMS (p=0.023, p=0.007 and p=0.003, respectively). Multiple comparison analysis revealed significant increases in HOAs 5 min after instillation (p=0.005 for third-, p=0.001 for fourth- and p<0.001 for total higher-order RMS, Dunnett post hoc test). FI increased significantly 5 min after instillation (p=0.013), but SI did not change significantly. With respect to sequential changes in specific components, significant changes were observed in vertical coma (p=0.004, repeated-measures ANOVA) and horizontal coma (p=0.005), but not in spherical aberration.


CONCLUSIONS
Instillation of timolol gel-forming solution significantly degrades optical quality of the eye for approximately 5 min by increasing HOAs, which may cause blurred vision.
Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan. thiraoka@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
Takahiro
T
Hiraoka
Masakazu
M
Daito
Fumiki
F
Okamoto
Takahiro
T
Kiuchi
Yoko
Y
Hirohara
Toshifumi
T
Mihashi
Tetsuro
T
Oshika
D000287:Administration, Topical; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D057108:Corneal Wavefront Aberration / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D055815:Young Adult
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D005782:Gels; D013999:Timolol