Health disparities and children in immigrant families: a research agenda.
Children in immigrant families now comprise 1 in 5 children in the United States. Eighty percent of them are US citizens, and 53% live in mixed-citizenship families. Their families are among the poorest, least educated, least insured, and least able to access health care. Nonetheless, these children demonstrate better-than-expected health status, a finding termed "the immigrant paradox" and one suggesting that cultural health behaviors among immigrant families might be protective in some areas of health. In this article the strength of the immigrant paradox, the effect of acculturation on health, and the relationships of acculturation, enculturation, language, and literacy skills to health disparities are reviewed. The current public policy issues that affect the health disparities of children of immigrant families are presented, and a research agenda for improving our knowledge about children in immigrant families to develop effective interventions and public policies that will reduce their health disparities is set forth.
Mendoza
Fernando S
FS
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, 770 Welch Rd, Suite 100, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. fmendoza@stanford.edu
D000069:Acculturation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006291:Health Policy; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019303:Multilingualism; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States