C-reactive protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is associated with markers of airway inflammation after lung transplantation.
BACKGROUND
C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase marker of systemic inflammation, may also be a local regulator of the pulmonary immune system. Its role in lung transplantation (LT), however, is unclear. We hypothesized that CRP in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid might be associated with airway inflammation or remodeling. Therefore, it could play a role in the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).


METHODS
A total of 100 LT recipients who had undergone transplantation between August 2001 and August 2005 were included in the current cross-sectional study. Patients who were evaluated at 90 days after LT were categorized as either stable (n = 36), colonized (n = 25), or suffering from infection (n = 16) or acute rejection (n = 23). BAL CRP, cell differentials, and interleukin (IL), IL8, transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels, as well as blood leukocytosis, plasma CRP, and forced expiratory value in 1 second (FEV(1); % predicted) were compared between groups. We analyzed the correlation of BAL CRP with inflammatory or remodeling markers and FEV(1).


RESULTS
Compared with stable LT recipients, BAL CRP was significantly increased in patients with infection or acute rejection (P < .0001), but not in those with colonization. Generally, BAL CRP levels positively correlated with BAL total cell count, neutrophilia, and IL8 levels, as well as with plasma CRP levels (P < .0001). An inverse correlation was observed with BAL macrophages (P < .01), VEGF (P < .0001), and FEV(1) (P < .0001). Only a trend for a positive, respectively inverse correlation was seen for BAL IL6 and TGFbeta.


CONCLUSIONS
The current data corroborate a possible role for CRP in airway inflammation after LT. Its importance for BOS should therefore be further elucidated.
Lung Transplantation Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospital Gasthuisberg, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
R
R
Vos
B M
BM
Vanaudenaerde
S I
SI
De Vleeschauwer
A
A
Willems-Widyastuti
L J
LJ
Dupont
D E
DE
Van Raemdonck
G M
GM
Verleden
D000328:Adult; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D015415:Biomarkers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D002097:C-Reactive Protein