Soft tissue morphology of Jordanian adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To determine soft tissue cephalometric norms of a sample of Jordanian adolescents and to compare them with those of North Americans.


METHODS
Forty-one subjects aged 14 to 17 years were selected from a larger random and representative sample of 320 adolescents attending 12 schools in the capital of Jordan, Amman. Seven reference lines were identified and traced according to definitions by Holdaway and Ricketts, and 2 angular and 12 linear measurements were analyzed.


RESULTS
Significant differences were found between males and females in measurements of soft tissue facial angle, H angle, subnasale to H line, basic upper lip thickness, upper lip thickness and labrale inferius and superius to E line (P < .05). Males had a more prominent upper lip in relation to the overall soft tissue profile, while the lips of females were considerably more retrusive in relation to the nose and chin. Jordanian norms were similar to those of North Americans, with only two exceptions: the H angle and skeletal convexity which were 5.4 degrees and 3.2 mm greater in Jordanians, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Jordanian soft tissue norms were similar to American norms with the exception of the former having a more prominent upper lip position in relation to the overall soft tissue profile.
Hamdan
Ahmad Mohammad
AM
Department of Orthodontics & Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. hamdanama@hotmail.com
D000293:Adolescent; D018912:Arabs / Q000208:ethnology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009656:North America; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014716:Vertical Dimension