[Pulmonary and pleural tuberculosis in the elderly].
With the increase of the proportion of the elderly in the total population more cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are observed in this age group as well. Symptoms of TB are unspecific, often less apparent in the elderly, and may therefore cause a delay in the diagnostic process. A history of TB and comorbidities are more common in elder as compared to younger TB patients. The tuberculin skin test is less frequently positive. The interferon-gamma-release assay is complementary and together with clinical, radiologic, and bacteriologic test results helpful for the diagnosis or the exclusion of an active or latent TB infection. Medical treatment of TB in the elderly follows the established guidelines in the same way as for younger patients. The likelihood of drug-induced side effects and interactions with concomitant medications, however, is increased. Comorbidity and age-related immunosuppression may lead to a delay in the healing process. Higher age, comorbidity, and immunosuppression are predictors of an increased TB mortality. Even in a low-incidence country like Germany, TB should be recognized as an explanation for clinical symptoms particularly in the elderly patient group in order to allow an early diagnosis and therapy and thus a reduction of mortality and prevention of a further spread of this disease.
Internistisch-Pneumologische Praxis, Leipzig, Germany. gerhard.hoheisel@t-online.de
Gerhard
G
Hoheisel
Anne
A
Hagert-Winkler
Jörg
J
Winkler
Thomas
T
Kahn
Arne C
AC
Rodloff
Hubert
H
Wirtz
Adrian
A
Gillissen
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014396:Tuberculosis, Pleural / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology
D000995:Antitubercular Agents