A novel water delivery system for administering volatile chemicals while minimizing chemical waste in rodent toxicity studies.
Rodent toxicity studies typically use water bottles to administer test chemicals via drinking water. However, water bottles provide inconsistent exposure of volatile chemicals due to varying headspace, and lead to excessive waste of test material. To refine drinking water toxicity studies in rodents by enhancing sample quality and consistency, and minimizing waste, we designed and implemented a novel water delivery system that keeps the water chilled, headspace free and protected from light. Materials used were resistant to chemical interaction. In this gravity-fed system, a 6-L Teflon water bag, stored in a polystyrene cooler on the cage rack, was connected to a stainless steel manifold delivering water to five cages via specialized drinking valves. Due to the absence of headspace in the water bag, this system allows consistent exposure of volatile chemicals. In addition, small diameter tubing throughout the system reduces the amount of test material residing in the system and minimizes chemical waste.
McDonald
A
A
Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, ORD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
Killough
P
P
Puckett
E
E
Best
D S
DS
Simmons
J E
JE
Pressman
J G
JG
Narotsky
M G
MG
D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D006256:Hazardous Waste / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007756:Laboratory Animal Science / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014835:Volatilization; D014881:Water Supply; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*
D006256:Hazardous Waste; D015262:Xenobiotics