Do telephones overcome geographical barriers to general practice out-of-hours services? Mixed-methods study of parents with young children.
OBJECTIVE
To examine if telephones overcome geographical barriers to accessing primary care out-of-hours by parents of young children.


METHODS
Mixed methods including quantitative analysis of 5697 calls about children aged 0-4 years, 30 hours of observation at primary care centres, eight interviews with parents and a review of 80 telephone call recordings.


RESULTS
Call rates for children (0-4 years) decreased with increasing distance: the 20% of people who lived furthest from a primary care centre made fewer calls, 570 per 1000 patients/year (95% CI 558 to 582) than the 20% living closest, 652 (95% CI 644 to 661). Overall, call rates decreased with increasing rurality. Qualitative analysis suggested that this geographical variation was linked to familiarity with the system (notably previous contact with health services) and the availability of services, legitimacy of demand (particularly for children) and negotiation about mode of care.


CONCLUSIONS
People already disadvantaged by their distance from facilities or socioeconomic circumstances may continue to be at a disadvantage when services are provided by telephone.
School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. j.c.turnbull@soton.ac.uk
Joanne
J
Turnbull
Catherine
C
Pope
David
D
Martin
Valerie
V
Lattimer
D039602:After-Hours Care / Q000379:methods*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D019370:Observation; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D036301:Qualitative Research; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013689:Telephone; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data