Forces and moments on posterior teeth generated by incisor intrusion biomechanics.
OBJECTIVE
To comparatively evaluate the extrusive forces and torquing moments on the posterior dentition generated during anterior intrusion with different intrusion techniques in the maxillary and mandibular dental arch.


METHODS
Seven wire specimens were used for each of the following intrusive arches: Utility arch 0.016 x 0.016' Blue Elgiloy, Utility arch 0.017 x 0.025' TMA and Burstone Intrusion arch 0.017 x 0.025' TMA. The wires were inserted on bracketed dental arches constructed on maxillary Frasaco models, segmented mesially to the maxillary canines. Simulated intrusion from 0.0-3.0 mm was performed on the Orthodontic Measurement and Simulation System (OMSS). The forces and moments were recorded in all three planes of space at 0.1 mm increments and the values at 3.0 mm for all wires were used for all statistical evaluations. The data were analyzed, separately for the forces and moments, by means of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with forces and moments serving as the dependent variables and intrusion technique and jaw (maxilla or mandible) as the independent variable. Post hoc multiple comparisons were performed using the Tukey test at .05 error rate.


RESULTS
The 0.016 x 0.016' Blue Elgiloy utility arch exerted the highest posterior extrusive forces, 15% higher than the 0.017 x 0.025' TMA utility and 40% higher in comparison with the 0.017 x 0.025' TMA Burstone intrusion arch.The lowest posterior moment in the sagittal plane was generated by the 0.017 x 0.025' TMA Burstone intrusion arch. The 0.016 x 0.016' Blue Elgiloy utility arch exerted 15% higher posterior moments and the 0.017 x 0.025' TMA utility 25% higher. Forces and moments were consistently larger for the mandible compared to the maxilla for the same intrusion technique.


CONCLUSIONS
The upper Burstone 0.017 x 0.025' TMA intrusion arch exerted the lowest forces/moments on posterior teeth. The highest forces were generated by the 0.016 x 0.016-inch Blue Elgiloy utility arch and the highest moments by the lower 0.017 x 0.025-inch TMA utility arch.
Sifakakis
I
I
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Pandis
N
N
Makou
M
M
Eliades
T
T
Bourauel
C
C
D001641:Bicuspid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008954:Models, Biological; D003765:Models, Dental; D008963:Molar / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects; D009969:Orthodontic Wires / Q000009:adverse effects; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019415:Torque