Actions of ferulic acid and vitamin E on prevention of hypercholesterolemia and atherogenic lesion formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
This study was carried out to investigate whether dietary vitamin E and ferulic acid (FA) can exert possible interactions on preventions of hypercholesterolemia and atherogenic lesion formation in C57BL/65 apolipoprotein E-deficient (apo E(-/-)) mice. Four-week-old male apo E(-/-) mice were randomly divided into three groups and given one of three types of Western diets with various amounts of vitamin E (0.02%, 0%, or 0.2%) for 15 weeks. FA was added to vitamin E-free Western diet and vitamin E-rich Western diet at the 0.02% level. The plasma total cholesterol concentration was significantly lowered when FA was added to the vitamin E-free and vitamin E-rich Western diet as compared to the normal vitamin E Western diet (0.02% vitamin E), and this was accompanied with a decreased hepatic acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. The hepatic and erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels were significantly lowered when FA was added to the vitamin E-rich Western diet, which was attributable to increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and paraoxonase. Accordingly, vitamin E and/or FA are beneficial for prevention of hypercholesterolemia and atherogenesis in apo E(-/-) mice. In particular, dietary FA exhibited an anti-atherosclerotic property, and this effect was synergistically enhanced with the vitamin E supplement.
Kwon
Eun-Young
EY
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Cho
Yun-Young
YY
Do
Gyeong-Min
GM
Kim
Hye-Jin
HJ
Jeon
Seon-Min
SM
Park
Yong-Bok
YB
Lee
Mi-Kyung
MK
Min
Tae Sun
TS
Choi
Myung-Sook
MS
D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004032:Diet; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D013858:Thiobarbiturates / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013858:Thiobarbiturates; D014810:Vitamin E; C004999:ferulic acid; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase; C029684:thiobarbituric acid