Successful implementation of a national HLA-B*5701 genetic testing service in Canada.
Abacavir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that is used in combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. It is currently recommended as a preferred or an alternative NRTI in antiretroviral-naïve patients. The major toxicity of abacavir is a hypersensitivity reaction (HSR), which occurs in approximately 5% of treated patients. There is a strong association between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*5701 allele and abacavir HSR, which has allowed for rapid acceptance of genetic screening for HLA-B*5701 in clinical use. Canadian clinicians working in hospital centers with HLA typing capacity opted to launch a pilot project in 2006 to offer the screening test as standard of care to HIV-infected patients. Currently, more than 11,000 HLA-B*5701 tests have been performed, among which 6.3% are positive. Continued efforts have been made to ensure that testing is available to all HIV-infected patients to widen the patients' therapeutic options. HLA-B*5701 screening shows clinical use and preliminary data suggest cost-effectiveness.
Lalonde
R G
RG
Immunodeficiency Service, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. richard.lalonde@muhc.mcgill.ca
Thomas
R
R
Rachlis
A
A
Gill
M J
MJ
Roger
M
M
Angel
J B
JB
Smith
G
G
Higgins
N
N
Trottier
B
B
D000483:Alleles; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002170:Canada; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000191:economics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000099227:Abacavir
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D015235:HLA-B Antigens; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D000099227:Abacavir; C484830:HLA-B*57:01 antigen