The incidence and risk of developing a second primary esophageal cancer in patients with oral and pharyngeal carcinoma: a population-based study in Taiwan over a 25 year period.
BACKGROUND
The incidence of oral and pharyngeal (including oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx) carcinoma increases rapidly in Asia and South Pacific because of betel quid chewing. Thus far, large-scale epidemiological studies are not available yet to stratify these patients by their risks of developing a second primary cancer in the digestive tract including esophagus, stomach, colon, and rectum.


METHODS
A population-based study was conducted using the database from the Taiwan National Cancer Registry for the period 1979-2003. We quantified standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and cumulative incidence of second primary cancers among 33,787 patients with initial diagnoses of oral and pharyngeal carcinoma.


RESULTS
Among these four digestive tract organs, the esophagus was the only site of second cancer with excess risk in patients with oral and pharyngeal carcinoma. The incidence and risk of developing a second primary esophageal cancer differed by the site of the primary index tumor, most frequently seen in hypopharyngeal cancer (71/4,218 = 1.68%, SIR = 22.76, 95% CI 17.77-28.70), followed by oropharyngeal cancer (30/3,403 = 0.88%, SIR = 14.29, 95% CI 9.64-20.39) and the least in oral cavity cancer (99/26,166 = 0.38%, SIR = 5.57, 95% CI 4.53-6.78). In addition, the risk was extraordinarily high for patients with a follow-up interval <or= 1 year and those with first primary cancer diagnosed at age <or=50. These patients may justify more close surveillance.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study represents the first population-based study in Asia attempting to stratify the patients of oral and pharyngeal carcinoma by their risk of developing a second esophageal cancer. It helps identify patients at high risk and tailor the application of intense follow-up surveillance to the estimated risk in each individual case.
Lee
Kuan-Der
KD
Department of Hematology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China. kdlee@adm.cgmh.org.tw
Lu
Chang-Hsien
CH
Chen
Ping-Tsung
PT
Chan
Chunghuang Hubert
CH
Lin
Jen-Tsun
JT
Huang
Cih-En
CE
Chen
Chih-Cheng
CC
Chen
Min-Chi
MC
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044382:Population Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult