Morbid obesity exposes the association between PNPLA3 I148M (rs738409) and indices of hepatic injury in individuals of European descent.
BACKGROUND
The PNPLA3 I148M variant (rs738409) is robustly associated with hepatic steatosis. Intriguingly, initial findings in cohorts with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg m(-2) also suggested that it is associated with elevated liver enzymes but not with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the PNPLA3 variant alters the susceptibility of morbidly obese subjects to develop liver injury and metabolic sequelae.


METHODS
The study was carried out in 678 obese Italians (mean BMI = 41 kg m(-2)) who were genotyped for the I148M variant. All participants provided fasting blood samples and then underwent oral glucose tolerance tests.


METHODS
Indices of liver injury (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST)), glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were measured.


RESULTS
Markers of hepatic injury such as ALT and AST were significantly higher in carriers of the 148M allele (P = 2.2 x 10(-5) and 0.001, respectively). In all, 50% of 148M risk allele homozygotes had pathological levels of ALT (>40 U l(-1)) compared with 25% of 148I allele homozygotes (P = 0.005). Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were similar in all three genotypes.


CONCLUSIONS
Obese Southern Europeans carrying the 148M allele have increased indices of liver damage uncoupled from proxy measures of insulin resistance.
Romeo
S
S
Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. sr517@medschl.cam.ac.uk
Sentinelli
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Dash
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Yeo
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Savage
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Leonetti
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Capoccia
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Incani
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Maglio
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Iacovino
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O'Rahilly
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Baroni
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D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007558:Italy; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D000217:Acyltransferases; D054512:Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent
D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D015415:Biomarkers; D008049:Lipase; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C533682:PNPLA3 protein, human; D000217:Acyltransferases; D054512:Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent