Discrimination between docking and fusion of liposomes reconstituted with neuronal SNARE-proteins using FCS.
Neuronal exocytosis is mediated by the SNARE proteins synaptobrevin 2/VAMP, syntaxin 1A, and SNAP-25A. While it is well-established that these proteins mediate membrane fusion after reconstitution in artificial membranes, it has so far been difficult to monitor intermediate stages of the reaction. Using a confocal two-photon setup, we applied fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) and fluorescence lifetime analysis to discriminate between docking and fusion of liposomes. We show that liposome populations that are either non-interacting, or are undergoing docking and fusion, as well as multiple interactions can be quantitatively discriminated without the need for immobilizing the lipid bilayers. When liposomes containing a stabilized syntaxin 1A/SNAP-25A complex were mixed with liposomes containing synaptobrevin 2, we observed that rapid docking precedes fusion. Accordingly, docked intermediates accumulated in the initial phase of the reaction. Furthermore, rapid formation of multiple docked states was observed with on average four liposomes interacting with each other. When liposomes of different sizes were compared, only the rate of lipid mixing depended on the liposome size but not the rate of docking. Our results show that under appropriate conditions a docked state, mediated by trans-SNARE interactions, can be isolated that constitutes an intermediate in the fusion pathway.
Department of Neurobiology, AG Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Single-Molecule Detection, Max Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Anna
A
Cypionka
Alexander
A
Stein
Javier Matias
JM
Hernandez
Hendrik
H
Hippchen
Reinhard
R
Jahn
Peter J
PJ
Walla
D000818:Animals; D007700:Kinetics; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013997:Time Factors
D008081:Liposomes; D050600:SNARE Proteins