Soy food consumption and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Soybean products have been suggested to have a chemo preventive effect against prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive meta-analysis on the extent of the possible association between soy-based food consumption and the risk of prostate cancer. Five cohort studies and 8 case-control studies were identified using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Korea Medical Database, KoreaMed, Korean studies Information Service System, Japana Centra Revuo Medicina, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and a manual search. Summary odds ratios (ORs) comparing high versus low categories of soybean consumptions were calculated on the basis of the random effect model. We analyzed the associations based on the different types of soybean consumptions. The summary ORs (95% CI) for total soy foods were 0.69 (CI = 0.57-0.84) and 0.75 (CI = 0.62-0.89) for nonfermented soy foods. Among individual soy foods, only tofu yielded a significant value of 0.73 (CI = 0.57-0.92). Consumption of soybean milk, miso, or natto did not significantly reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Genistein and daidzein were associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. This systematic review suggests that soy food consumption could lower the risk of prostate cancer. This conclusion, however, should be interpreted with caution because various biases can affect the results of a meta-analysis.
Hwang
Ye Won
YW
Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Kim
Soo Young
SY
Jee
Sun Ha
SH
Kim
Youn Nam
YN
Nam
Chung Mo
CM
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019833:Genistein / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D045730:Soy Foods / Q000032:analysis
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D007529:Isoflavones; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein