A proline-based neuraminidase inhibitor: DFT studies on the zwitterion conformation, stability and formation.
The designs of potent neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are an efficient way to deal with the recent "2009 H1N1" influenza epidemic. In this work, density functional calculations were employed to study the conformation, stability and formation of the zwitterions of 5-[(1R,2S)-1-(acetylamino)-2-methoxy-2-methylpentyl]-4-[(1Z)-1-propenyl]-(4S,5R)-d-proline (BL), a proline-based NA inhibitor. Compared to proline, the zwitterion stability of BL is enhanced by 1.76 kcal mol(-1) due to the introduction of functional groups. However, the zwitterion of BL will not represent a local minimum on the potential energy surface until the number of water molecules increases up to two (n = 2). With the addition of two and three water molecules, the energy differences between the zwitterions and corresponding canonical isomers were calculated at 3.13 and -1.54 kcal mol(-1), respectively. The zwitterions of BL are mainly stabilized by the H-bonds with the water molecules, especially in the case of three water molecules where the carboxyl-O atoms are largely coordination-saturated by three H-bonds of medium strengths, causing the zwitterion stability even superior to the canonical isomer. With the presence of two and three water molecules, the energy barriers for the conversion processes from the canonical isomers to the zwitterions are equal to 4.96 and 3.13 kcal mol(-1), respectively. It indicated that the zwitterion formation is facile to take place with addition of two molecules and further facilitated by more water molecules. Besides, the zwitterion formation of BL is finished in a single step, different from other NA inhibitors. Owing to the above advantages, BL is a good NA inhibitor candidate and more attention should be paid to explorations of BL-based drugs.
Yang
Zhi-Wei
ZW
Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Wu
Xiao-Min
XM
Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Zhou
Li-Jun
LJ
Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Yang
Gang
G
Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.|Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
D000081:Acetamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004355:Drug Stability; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000201:enzymology; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D011789:Quantum Theory; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
C000589457:5-(1-(acetylamino)-2-methoxy-2-methylpentyl)-4-(1-propenyl)proline; D000081:Acetamides; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D011392:Proline; D009439:Neuraminidase