Petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (Linn.) enhances bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and facilitates osteoblastogenesis.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of the petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis on the proliferation rate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the differentiation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts (osteoblastogenesis) and extracellular matrix calcification. This study also aimed to determine the additive effect of osteogenic media and Cissus quadrangularis on proliferation, differentiation and calcification.


METHODS
MSCs were cultured in media with or without Cissus quadrangularis for 4 weeks and were then stained for alkaline phosphatase. Extracellular matrix calcification was confirmed by Von Kossa staining. marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultures in control media and osteogenic media supplemented with Cissus quadrangularis extract (100, 200, 300 microg/mL) were also subjected to a cell proliferation assay (MTT).


RESULTS
Treatment with 100, 200 or 300 microg/mL petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis enhanced the differentiation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells into ALP-positive osteoblasts and increased extracellular matrix calcification. Treatment with 300 microg/mL petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis also enhanced the proliferation rate of the marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cells grown in osteogenic media containing Cissus quadrangularis exhibited higher proliferation, differentiation and calcification rates than did control cells.


CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that Cissus quadrangularis stimulates osteoblastogenesis and can be used as preventive/ alternative natural medicine for bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Bhagath Kumar
BK
Potu
Kumar M R
KM
Bhat
Muddanna S
MS
Rao
Gopalan Kutty
GK
Nampurath
Mallikarjuna Rao
MR
Chamallamudi
Soubhagya Ranjan
SR
Nayak
Manjunatha S
MS
Muttigi
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D032422:Cissus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D023421:Models, Animal; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D010936:Plant Extracts; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase