Effect of high frequency ultrasonic agitation on the bond strength of self-etching adhesives.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of high frequency ultrasonic agitation on the microtensile bond strengths of different self-etching adhesives.


METHODS
Thirty-six human molars were wet ground occlusally until dentin was exposed. The one-step self-etching adhesives Clearfil S3 Bond, G-Bond, and Futurabond NR were tested in this study. In the control groups, bonding procedures were performed according to the manufacturers' instructions. In the experimental groups, bonding materials were applied with a 1 MHz therapeutic ultrasonic device on the dentin surfaces. The composite crown was built up incrementally to a height of 5 mm. Each tooth was serially sectioned into rectangular beams, and the specimens were subjected to microtensile testing. Failure modes were observed under a stereomicroscope and classified. Randomly selected specimens from each group were observed with SEM.


RESULTS
Two-factor ANOVA indicated that both the adhesive system and the ultrasonic agitation effect influenced bond strength (p < 0.05). The bond strength of G-Bond adhesive to dentin was higher after ultrasonic agitation (p < 0.05), whereas ultrasonic agitation of Futurabond and S3 Bond did not affect bond strength values (p > 0.05). Failure after the test was commonly due to adhesive failure in the dentin.


CONCLUSIONS
High-frequency ultrasonic agitation of self-etching adhesives during their application may enhance their bonding performance.
Bagis
Bora
B
Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Kanuni Kampüsü, Trabzon, Turkey. bbagis@yahoo.com
Turkaslan
Suha
S
Vallittu
Pekka K
PK
Lassila
Lippo V J
LV
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000388:Air; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003442:Crowns; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014732:Vibration; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
C112828:Clearfil AP-X; C505694:Clearfil S3 Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C498353:G-Bond; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C512545:futurabond NR; D014867:Water