Catching Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with pheromone-baited traps: optimal trap type, colour, height and distance to infestation.
BACKGROUND
Field trapping experiments were carried out to evaluate effective trap characteristics for maximising Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) catches in pheromone-baited traps in China.


RESULTS
Window-slot and cross-barrier traps had significantly higher catches than multiple-funnel traps. The colour of window-slot traps showed a significant effect on catches, with dark colours (black and red) being more effective than light colours, especially white and yellow. Window-slot traps at a 1.5-2.0 m level caught more beetles than those at either ground level (0-0.5 m) or at 3.5-4.0 m. Ips duplicatus can be attracted to pheromone-baited traps over a distance of > 100 m from the forest edge in an open grassy field. There was a strong diurnal pattern of flight activity, with catches on window-slot traps occurring during the daytime with one broad peak at mid- to late afternoon. The seasonal flight activity of I. duplicatus as monitored by pheromone-baited window-slot traps during 2007-2008 indicated that three major flight peaks occurred in early June, late June-early July and late July respectively, suggesting the existence of a potential second generation.


CONCLUSIONS
The optimal trap characteristics will improve the performance of pheromone-baited traps as a critical monitoring or mass-trapping tool to combat outbreaks of this pest species.
General Station of Forest Pest Management, State Forestry Administration, No. 58, Huanghe North Street, Shengyang 110034, People's Republic of China.
Guofa
G
Chen
Qing-He
QH
Zhang
Yanjun
Y
Wang
Guang-Tian
GT
Liu
Xiaoming
X
Zhou
Jingfu
J
Niu
Fredrik
F
Schlyter
D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010858:Pigmentation
D010675:Pheromones