Octanoate and decanoate induce apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
The effect of octanoate and decanoate, respectively, eight- and 10-carbon medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), on apoptotic signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with various concentrations of octanoate or decanoate. Cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins were investigated. Results indicated that both octanoate and decanoate decreased viability, increased apoptosis, and increased reactive oxygen species production. Immunoblotting analysis showed an increase in the levels of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by octanoate and decanoate. Concomitantly, we observed that pro-caspase-3 was decreased, resulting in the induced accumulation of the cleaved form of caspase-3 by both octanoate and decanoate. In addition, both octanoate and decanoate increased the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax with an accompanied decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. These results show that octanoate and decanoate mediate adipocyte apoptosis via a caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MCFAs thus decrease adipocyte number by initiating the apoptotic process in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Department of Animal & Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2771, USA.
Jeong-Yeh
JY
Yang
Srujana
S
Rayalam
Mary Anne
MA
Della-Fera
Suresh
S
Ambati
Clifton A
CA
Baile
D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002210:Caprylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D003651:Decanoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D002210:Caprylates; D003651:Decanoates; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D045304:Cytochromes c; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3