Time course of attentional bias in anxiety: emotion and gender specificity.
Anxiety is characterized by cognitive biases, including attentional bias to emotional (especially threatening) stimuli. Accounts differ on the time course of attention to threat, but the literature generally confounds emotional valence and arousal and overlooks gender effects, both addressed in the present study. Nonpatients high in self-reported anxious apprehension, anxious arousal, or neither completed an emotion-word Stroop task during event-related potential (ERP) recording. Hypotheses differentiated time course of preferential attention to emotional stimuli. Individuals high in anxious apprehension and anxious arousal showed distinct early ERP evidence of preferential processing of emotionally arousing stimuli along with some evidence for gender differences in processing. Healthy controls showed gender differences at both early and later processing stages. The conjunction of valence, arousal, and gender is critical in the time course of attentional bias.
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Sarah M
SM
Sass
Wendy
W
Heller
Jennifer L
JL
Stewart
Rebecca Levin
RL
Silton
J Christopher
JC
Edgar
Joscelyn E
JE
Fisher
Gregory A
GA
Miller
D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult