Epidemiologic studies of styrene and cancer: a review of the literature.
OBJECTIVE
To review the epidemiologic literature on styrene and cancer.


METHODS
We reviewed studies of workers exposed to styrene in manufacturing and polymerization, in the reinforced plastics industry, and in styrene-butadiene rubber production. We also reviewed studies of workers monitored for styrene exposure, studies of environmental exposure, community-based case-control studies of lymphoma and leukemia, and studies of DNA adducts. Studies of workers in the reinforced plastics industry were considered more informative because of higher worker exposure and less confounding by other carcinogens.


RESULTS
We found no consistent increased risk of any cancer among workers exposed to styrene. A study of reinforced plastic workers reported an association between average estimated styrene exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL, P = 0.05) but no trend with increasing duration of exposure. Other studies of styrene exposure and NHL found no increased risk. In two US studies of reinforced plastic workers, esophageal cancer mortality was increased, but these findings were generated in a background of multiple comparisons. Results for other cancers were unremarkable.


CONCLUSIONS
The available epidemiologic evidence does not support a causal relationship between styrene exposure and any type of human cancer.
Boffetta
Paolo
P
International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France.
Adami
Hans Olov
HO
Cole
Philip
P
Trichopoulos
Dimitrios
D
Mandel
Jack S
JS
D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D013343:Styrenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
D013343:Styrenes