Bioactive compounds and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Korean white lotus cultivars.
In traditional Korean medicine, lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) roots have been used as an antidiabetic and an antiproliferative remedy. However, scientific publications on lotus properties are very limited. Therefore, it was decided to investigate the Korean white lotus cultivars in order to find out their bioactivity. It was found that all lotus cultivars (Inchisa, Muan, Garam, and Chungyang) possess high amounts of bioactive compounds: total phenols, between 7.95 +/- 0.8 and 4.21 +/- 0.3 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight (DW); ascorbic acid, between 15.8 +/- 1.1 and 22.3 +/- 1.7 mg of ascorbic acid/g DW; and amino acids, between 15.05 +/- 0.82% and 16.62 +/- 0.90% DW. The highest contents of polyphenols (7.95 +/- 0.8 mg of GAE/g DW) and the highest levels of antioxidant [by 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assays, 54.27 +/- 6.1 and 21.98 +/- 2.5 microM Trolox equivalents/g DW, respectively] and antiproliferative activities on both human cancer cell lines (Calu-6 for human pulmonary carcinoma and SMU-601 for human gastric carcinoma, 59.75 +/- 3.99% and 71.21 +/- 2.79% cell viability, respectively) were found in the Chungyang cultivar. Fluorometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can be applied as rapid methods for determination of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols. The correlation between the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity was high. In conclusion, all Korean white lotus cultivars are valuable medicinal foods, and in order to receive the best results a combination of lotus cultivars has to be consumed.
Department of Horticultural Science, Mokpo National University, Muan, Kyeongnam, Poland.
Yong-Seo
YS
Park
Korsak
K
Towantakavanit
Teresa
T
Kowalska
Soon-Teck
ST
Jung
Kyung-Sik
KS
Ham
Buk-Gu
BG
Heo
Ja-Yong
JY
Cho
Jae-Gill
JG
Yun
Hyun-Ju
HJ
Kim
Shela
S
Gorinstein
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005470:Fluorometry; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D031653:Nelumbo / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018517:Plant Roots; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy
D000596:Amino Acids; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005707:Gallic Acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid