Domain 3 of hepatitis C virus core protein is sufficient for intracellular lipid accumulation.
BACKGROUND
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide, with steatosis, or "fatty liver," being a frequent histologic finding. In previous work, we identified sequence polymorphisms within domain 3 (d3) of genotype 3 HCV core protein that correlated with steatosis and in vitro lipid accumulation. In this study, we investigated the sufficiency of d3 to promote lipid accumulation, the role of HCV genotype in d3 lipid accumulation, and the subcellular distribution of d3.


METHODS
Stable cell lines expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions with isolates of HCV genotype 3 core steatosis-associated d3 (d3S), non-steatosis-associated d3 (d3NS), and genotype 1 d3 (d3G1) were analyzed by means of immunofluorescence, oil red O (ORO) staining, and triglyceride quantitation.


RESULTS
Cells that expressed d3S had statistically significantly more ORO than did cells expressing d3NS or d3G1 (P=.02 and <.001, respectively), as well as higher triglyceride levels P =.03 and .003, respectively). Immunofluorescence analysis showed that d3 does not colocalize to lipid droplets but partially colocalizes to the Golgi apparatus.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that HCV core d3 is sufficient to mediate the accumulation of lipid by means of a mechanism that is independent of domains 1 and 2. Our results also suggest that altered lipid trafficking may be involved.
Jhaveri
Ravi
R
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. ravi.jhaveri@duke.edu
Qiang
Guan
G
Diehl
Anna Mae
AM
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D018936:Hepatitis C Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D018936:Hepatitis C Antigens; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins