Angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis.
Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vessels. A number of soluble and cell-bound factors may stimulate neovascularization. The perpetuation of angiogenesis involving numerous soluble and cell surface-bound mediators has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These angiogenic mediators, among others, include growth factors, primarily vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, various chemokines, matrix components, cell adhesion molecules, proteases and others. Among the several potential angiogenesis inhibitors, targeting of VEGF, HIF-1, angiogenic chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the alpha(V)beta(3) integrin may attenuate the action of angiogenic mediators and thus synovial angiogenesis. In addition, some naturally produced or synthetic compounds including angiostatin, endostatin, paclitaxel, fumagillin analogues, 2-methoxyestradiol and thalidomide may be included in the management of RA.
Szekanecz
Zoltán
Z
Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Sciences Center, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary. szekanecz.zoltan@med.unideb.hu
Besenyei
Timea
T
Paragh
György
G
Koch
Alisa E
AE
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A