Effect of H(2)SO(4) and HCl in the anode purging solution for the electrokinetic-Fenton remediation of soil contaminated with phenanthrene.
The Electrokinetic-Fenton (EK-Fenton) process is a powerful technology to remediate organic-contaminated soil. The behavior of salts and acids introduced for the pH control has significant influence on the H(2)O(2) stabilization and destruction of organic contaminants. In this study, the effects of the type and concentration of acids, which were introduced at the anode, were investigated for the treatment of clayey soil contaminated with phenanthrene. In experiments with H(2)SO(4) as the anode solution, H(2)O(2) concentration in the anode reservoir decreased due to reaction between reduced species of sulfate and H(2)O(2), as time elapsed. By contrast, HCl as an electrolyte in the anode reservoir did not decrease the H(2)O(2) concentration in the anode reservoir. The reaction between the reduced species of sulfate and H(2)O(2) hindered the stabilization of H(2)O(2) in the soil and anode reservoir. In experiments with HCl for pH control, Cl(.), and Cl(2)(. -), which could be generated with mineral catalyzed Fenton-like reaction, did not significantly hinder H(2)O(2) stabilization. H(2)O(2) transportation with electro-osmotic flow and mineral catalyzed Fenton-like reaction on the soil surface resulted in the simultaneous transport and degradation of phenanthrene, which are dependent of the advancement rate of the acid front and electro-osmotic flow toward the cathode according to HCl and H(2)SO(4) concentrations in the anode purging solution.
Kim
Jung-Hwan
JH
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Aansan, Kyunggi-do, South Korea. genkjh@hanyang.ac.kr
Kim
Jong Yun
JY
Kim
Soo-Sam
SS
D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000032:analysis; D000077215:Clay; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D009995:Osmosis; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012996:Solutions; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C045076:Fenton's reagent; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012996:Solutions; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; C033158:sulfuric acid; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D000077215:Clay