Three-dimensional imaging and quantification of both solitary cells and metastases in whole mouse liver by magnetic resonance imaging.
The metastatic cell population, ranging from solitary cells to actively growing metastases, is heterogeneous and unlikely to respond uniformly to treatment. However, quantification of the entire experimental metastatic cell population in whole organs is complicated by requirements of an imaging modality with the large field of view and high spatial resolution necessary to detect both single cells and metastases in the same organ. Thus, it is difficult to assess differential responses of these distinct metastatic populations to therapy. Here, we develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique capable of quantifying the full population of metastatic cells in a secondary organ. B16F1 mouse melanoma cells were labeled with micron-sized iron oxide particles (MPIO) and injected into mouse liver via the mesenteric vein. Livers were removed immediately or at day 9 or 11, following doxorubicin or vehicle control treatment, and imaged using a 3T clinical magnetic resonance scanner and custom-built gradient coil. Both metastases (>200 microm) and MPIO-labeled single cells were detected and quantified from MR images as areas of hyperintensity or hypointensity (signal voids), respectively. We found that 1mg/kg doxorubicin treatment inhibited metastasis growth (n = 11 per group; P = 0.02, t test) but did not decrease the solitary metastatic cell population in the same livers (P > 0.05). Thus, the technique presented here is capable of quickly quantifying the majority of the metastatic cell population, including both growing metastases and solitary cells, in whole liver by MRI and can identify differential responses of growing metastases and solitary cells to therapy.
Townson
Jason L
JL
University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Ramadan
Soha S
SS
Simedrea
Carmen
C
Rutt
Brian K
BK
MacDonald
Ian C
IC
Foster
Paula J
PJ
Chambers
Ann F
AF
D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003287:Contrast Media; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011379:Prognosis
D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; D004317:Doxorubicin