Improving locoregional hyperthermia delivery using the 3-D controlled AMC-8 phased array hyperthermia system: a preclinical study.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is preclinical evaluation of our newly developed regional hyperthermia system providing 3-D SAR control: the AMC-8 phased array consisting of two rings, each with four 70 MHz waveguides. It was designed to achieve higher tumour temperatures and improve the clinical effectiveness of locoregional hyperthermia.


METHODS
The performance of the AMC-8 system was evaluated with simulations and measurements aiming at heating a centrally located target region in rectangular (30 x 30 x 110 cm) and elliptical (36 x 24 x 80 cm) homogeneous tissue equivalent phantoms. Three properties were evaluated and compared to its predecessor, the 2-D AMC-4 single ring four waveguide array: (1) spatial control and (2) size of the SAR focus, (3) the ratio between maximum SAR outside the target region and SAR in the focus. Distance and phase difference between the two rings were varied.


RESULTS
(1) Phase steering provides 3-D SAR control for the AMC-8 system. (2) The SAR focus is more elongated compared to the AMC-4 system, yielding a lower SAR level in the focus when using the same total power. This is counter-balanced by (3) a superficial SAR deposition which is half of that in the AMC-4 system, yielding a more favourable ratio between normal tissue and target SAR and allowing higher total power and up to 30% more SAR in the focus for 3 cm ring distance.


CONCLUSIONS
The AMC-8 system is capable of 3-D SAR control and its SAR distribution is more favourable than for the 2-D AMC-4 system. This result promises improvement in clinical tumour temperatures.
Crezee
J
J
Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. h.crezee@amc.uva.nl
Van Haaren
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PM
Westendorp
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De Greef
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M
Kok
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HP
Wiersma
J
J
Van Stam
G
G
Sijbrands
J
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Zum Vörde Sive Vörding
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P
Van Dijk
J D P
JD
Hulshof
M C C M
MC
Bel
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A
D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods