Knowledge of residual curarization: an Italian survey.
BACKGROUND
The use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) is widespread in anesthetic practice; little is known about the current use of these drugs in Italy. This survey was conducted to obtain information about the most commonly used clinical tests and the train-of-four (TOF) ratios that are considered as being reliable for assessing recovery from neuromuscular blockade at the end of anesthesia and the estimated occurrence rates of post-operative paralysis in Italian hospitals.


METHODS
The questionnaire was given to Italian anesthesiologists attending the 62nd National Congress of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Therapy. Collected data were stratified by age and the total number of surgical procedures performed in the hospitals concerned.


RESULTS
Seven hundred and fifty-four correctly compiled questionnaires were collected (response rate 88.7%). Seventy three percent of the respondents only used clinical tests for monitoring the level of neuromuscular blockade. The main clinical tests cited for the evaluation of residual paralysis were keeping the head lifted up for 5 s, protruding the tongue and opening the eyes. TOF was used by 35% of the respondents on a routine basis. Only 24% of the interviewed anesthesiologists reported that before extubation, a TOF ratio of at least 0.9 should be reached.


CONCLUSIONS
Most Italian anesthetists assess the recovery from neuromuscular blockade only by clinical signs. There is poor awareness about the inability of such techniques to indicate even a significant amount of residual neuromuscular block. A more extensive use of quantitative instrumental monitoring is required for the more rational use of NMBAs.
Di Marco
P
P
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. pierangelo.dimarco@uniroma1.it
Della Rocca
G
G
Iannuccelli
F
F
Pompei
L
L
Reale
C
C
Pietropaoli
P
P
D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000776:Anesthesiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade / Q000009:adverse effects; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents