Antioxidants and vitamins in clinical conditions.
Various reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be produced from normal biochemical, essential metabolic processes or from external sources as exposure to a variety of agents presented in the environment. Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and DNA are all capable of reacting with ROS and can be implicated in etiology of various human disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, lung diseases etc.). In the organism damage by ROS is counteracted with natural antioxidants (glutathione peroxidases, superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione, ubiquinol, uric acid, and essential minerals) and nutritional antioxidants from diet (i.e. vitamins E, C, carotenoids). Possible mechanisms of nutritional depletion and side effects of high intake are in the article described.
Zadák
Z
Z
Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. zadak@fnhk.cz
Hyspler
R
R
Tichá
A
A
Hronek
M
M
Fikrová
P
P
Rathouská
J
J
Hrnciariková
D
D
Stetina
R
R
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014815:Vitamins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014815:Vitamins; D002118:Calcium