Antioxidant strategy to rescue synaptosomes from oxidative damage and energy failure in neurotoxic models in rats: protective role of S-allylcysteine.
The functional preservation of nerve endings since the early stages of toxicity in a given damaging insult-either acute or chronic-by means of antioxidant and neuroprotective agents is a primary need to design therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders, with particular emphasis on those diseases with excitotoxic and depleted energy metabolism components. S-allylcysteine (SAC), a well-known antioxidant agent, was tested as a post-treatment in different in vitro and in vivo neurotoxic models. Quinolinic acid (QUIN) was used as a typical excitotoxic/pro-oxidant inducer, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) was employed as a mitochondrial function inhibitor, and their combination (QUIN + 3-NP) was also evaluated in in vitro studies. For in vitro purposes, increasing concentrations of SAC (10-100 microM) were added to isolated brain synaptosomes at different times (1, 3 and 6 h) after the incubation with toxins (100 microM QUIN, 1 mM 3-NP or the combination of QUIN (21 microM) + 3-NP (166 microM). Thirty minutes later, lipid peroxidation (LP) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) were evaluated. For in vivo studies, SAC (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was given to QUIN- or 3-NP-striatally lesioned rats for 7 consecutive days (starting 120 min post-lesion). LP and MD were evaluated 7 days post-lesion in isolated striatal synaptosomes. Circling behavior was also assessed. Our results describe a differential pattern of protection achieved by SAC, mostly expressed in the 3-NP toxic model, in which nerve ending protection was found within the first hours (1 and 3) after the toxic insult started, supporting the concept that the ongoing oxidative damage and energy depletion can be treated during the first stages of neurotoxic events.
Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, CP 14269, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
Diana
D
Elinos-Calderón
Yolanda
Y
Robledo-Arratia
Verónica
V
Pérez-De La Cruz
Perla D
PD
Maldonado
Sonia
S
Galván-Arzate
José
J
Pedraza-Chaverrí
Abel
A
Santamaría
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries; D003545:Cysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011422:Propionates; D017378:Quinolinic Acid; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011422:Propionates; C065299:S-allylcysteine; D017378:Quinolinic Acid; D003545:Cysteine; C015392:3-nitropropionic acid