Bio-released gold ions modulate expression of neuroprotective and hematopoietic factors after brain injury.
The discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) provides new therapeutic strategies for brain injury by means of endogenous cell renewal. In the injured mouse brain, bio-liberated gold ions from gold implants mediate anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects and activation of NSCs. This paper investigates the neuroprotective effects of gold following brain injury in mice. We show for the first time that endogenous NSCs express macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) as part of their post-injury activation and that gold implants increase this response. Also, gold increases expression of neurotrophin (NT)-4, transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-beta 3), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and metallothionein I+II (MT-I+II) post-injury. This paper shows that gold ions modulate neurotrophic factors after injury and that hematopoietic factor M-CSF is expressed in activated NSCs.
Section of Neuroprotection, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mie Østergaard
MØ
Pedersen
Agnete
A
Larsen
Meredin
M
Stoltenberg
Milena
M
Penkowa
D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D006046:Gold; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D008668:Metallothionein