Thoracoscopic removal of mediastinal parathyroid glands: a critical appraisal of an emerging technique.
OBJECTIVE
To retrospectively evaluate the feasibility of thoracoscopic removal of mediastinal parathyroids.


BACKGROUND
Mediastinal exploration to resect ectopic parathyroid(s) is needed in approximately 2% of cases in hyperparathyroidism. Recent advances in thoracoscopic surgery allow for a minimally invasive treatment.


METHODS
From 1999 through 2007, 13 patients affected by primary hyperparathyroidism (11 females, mean age 60 years, range: 22-88) underwent thoracoscopic removal of mediastinal parathyroids. Scintigraphy produced positive results in 11 of 13 cases, computed tomography scan in 9 of 10, parathyroid hormone venous sampling in 10 of 10 patients, and magnetic resonance imaging in 5 of 7. Right thoracoscopic access was used in 9 patients, left in 4. Postoperative outcome was analyzed.


RESULTS
Thoracoscopy enabled retrieval of mediastinal parathyroids in 10 of 13 (78%) cases. Mean operating time was 92 minutes (range: 50-240). One procedure (8%) was converted. No perioperative deaths/major complications occurred. Mild complications occurred in 2 of 13 (15%) patients (pneumothorax/pneumonia, transient recurrent nerve palsy). Mean hospital stay was 4.7 days (range: 2-15). At a mean follow-up of 73 months (range: 16-105), parathyroid hormone and calcium venous concentrations were high in 3 patients. Unsuccessful procedures were related to doubtful or non-concordant preoperative localization.


CONCLUSIONS
The thoracoscopic approach for mediastinal parathyroidectomy is feasible and safe. An accurate preoperative work-up should be standardized to avoid useless procedures. In case of negative preoperative localization of the abnormal gland, thoracoscopy should not be adopted as a diagnostic tool.
Department of Surgery, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. b.randone@wanadoo.fr
Bruto
B
Randone
Renato
R
Costi
Olivier
O
Scatton
Yvonne
Y
Fulla
Xavier
X
Bertagna
Olivier
O
Soubrane
Philippe
P
Bonnichon
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002828:Choristoma / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008477:Mediastinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010280:Parathyroid Glands; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult