Carbon dioxide modifies the morphology and function of mesothelial cells and facilitates transepithelial neuroblastoma cell migration.
BACKGROUND
The response of mesothelial cells to surgical trauma and bacterial contamination is poorly defined. We have recently shown that CO(2) pneumoperitoneum increases systemic metastasis of neuroblastoma cells in a murine model. Thus, we hypothesized that CO(2) alters the morphology and function of mesothelial cells and facilitates transmesothelial tumor cell migration.


METHODS
Murine mesothelial cells were exposed to 100% CO(2) and 5% CO(2) as control. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations, as well as LPS-induced granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) production and mitochondrial activity (MTT assay) were measured. Transmesothelial migration of neuroblastoma cells (Neuro2a) was determined using a transwell chamber system.


RESULTS
CO(2) incubation was associated with a significant destruction of the microvillar formation in SEM. Migration studies showed that the barrier function of the mesothelial monolayer decreased. A significantly increased migration of neuroblastoma cells was identified after 100% CO(2) exposure (P < 0.05). Although the conversion of MTT as an indicator of mitochondrial activity was only slightly and not significantly reduced after CO(2) incubation, the release of G-CSF induced by LPS was completely blocked during the incubation with 100% CO(2) (P < 0.05). The capacity of G-CSF release recovered after the incubation.


CONCLUSIONS
We observed that peritoneal mesothelial cells lose their typical cell morphology by CO(2) incubation, which is accompanied by facilitated migration of neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, the synthesis of immunological factors is blocked, but this effect is not long lasting. These mechanisms may explain an increased metastasis rate of neuroblastoma cells after CO(2) pneumoperitoneum, which was recently observed in a murine model.
Yu
Yi
Y
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
Kuebler
Joachim
J
Groos
Stephanie
S
Metzelder
Martin
M
Kurpanik
Silvia
S
Ure
Benno Manfred
BM
Vieten
Gertrud
G
D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects
D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor