Optimal mycophenolic acid and mycophenolic acid glucuronide levels at the early period after kidney transplantation are the key contributors to improving long-term outcomes.
BACKGROUND
Suboptimal mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its metabolite MPA glucuronide (MPAG) levels are associated with significant increased incidences of graft loss. This study assessed the influence of MPA and MPAG C(0) levels on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values and histopathologic changes in protocol biopsies of kidney allograft recipients.


METHODS
This prospective study of 42 low-risk patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil, prednisone, and a low or normal cyclosporine dose included histological assessment, according to the Banff'97 classification, of protocol biopsies before and at 3, 12, and 36 months after transplantation, as well as GFR at 1, 3, 12, 36, and 60 months and MPA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, MPAG (HPLC/UV) C(0) levels at 7 days as well as at 1, 3, 12, and 36 months.


RESULTS
We observed nonlinear, significant correlations between MPA, MPAG C(0) levels and subclinical rejection episodes (SCR) according to chronic interstitial changes (ci), chronic tubulitis (ct), arteriolar hyalinization (ah) and chronic allograph nephropathy (CAN) indices in protocol biopsies. MPA C(0) levels below 1.0 to 1.5 microg/mL at day 7 were associated with an increased risk of SCR (P < .03), ci > or = 2 (P < .05), CAN > or = 2 (P < .04), and ah > or = 2 (P < .07). MPAG C(0) levels above 100 to 150 microg/mL at day 7 were associated with a decreased risk of ct > or = 2 (P < .01), ci > or = 2 (P < .04), or CAN > or = 2 (P < .04). We also observed a significant linear positive correlation between MPA C(0) level and a significant negative correlation between MPAG C(0) level at 1 month with GFR.


CONCLUSIONS
Optimal MPA and MPAG exposure in the early posttransplant period may improve renal graft outcomes.
Baczkowska
T
T
Department of Transplantation Medicine and Nephrology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland. tbaczkowska@wp.pl
Sadowska
A
A
Perkowska-Ptasinska
A
A
Lewandowski
Z
Z
Cieciura
T
T
Pazik
J
J
Wazna
E
E
Kozinska
O Przybyl
OP
Nowacka Cieciura
E
E
Chmura
A
A
Durlik
M
M
D001706:Biopsy; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
D020719:Glucuronides; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C113145:mycophenolic acid glucuronide; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D011241:Prednisone