Nutrient dietary patterns and gastric cancer risk in Italy.
BACKGROUND
There have been several studies on diet and gastric cancer, but only a few investigations have considered the role of dietary patterns.


METHODS
We investigated gastric cancer risk in relation to dietary patterns in a case-control study conducted in northern Italy between 1997 and 2007, including 230 patients with incident, histologically confirmed gastric cancer and 547 frequency-matched controls, admitted to the same hospitals as cases, with acute nonneoplastic conditions. Dietary habits were investigated through a validated food frequency questionnaire including 78 foods and beverages. We identified a posteriori dietary patterns on a selected set of 28 micro- and macro-nutrients through an exploratory principal component factor analysis. We estimated the odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using conditional logistic regression models on quartiles of factor scores.


RESULTS
We identified four major dietary patterns, named "animal products", "vitamins and fiber", "vegetable unsaturated fatty acids", and "starch-rich". We observed a positive association between gastric cancer risk and the "animal products" (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.34-3.40, for the highest versus the lowest score quartile) and the "starch-rich" (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.01-2.77) dietary patterns. The "vitamins and fiber" pattern (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37-0.99) was inversely associated with gastric cancer, whereas no significant association emerged with the "vegetable unsaturated fatty acids" pattern (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.56-1.42).


CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis suggests a protective effect against gastric cancer risk of dietary patterns rich in fruits and vegetables, and a positive association of dietary patterns rich in meats and animal fats and starchy foods.
Bertuccio
Paola
P
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy. paola.bertuccio@marionegri.it
Edefonti
Valeria
V
Bravi
Francesca
F
Ferraroni
Monica
M
Pelucchi
Claudio
C
Negri
Eva
E
Decarli
Adriano
A
La Vecchia
Carlo
C
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013213:Starch; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
D004041:Dietary Fats; D013213:Starch