Toll-like receptors in pregnancy disorders and placental dysfunction.
The Toll receptor was originally identified as a regulator of embryogenesis in Drosophila. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in mammals recognize infectious agents and other danger signals. Activation of TLRs on trophoblast influences immune cell recruitment, cytokine secretion, and decidual responses to invading pathogens during pregnancy. Importantly, biological effects of TLR signal transduction at multiple maternal-fetal interfaces may contribute to several pregnancy pathologies associated with placental dysfunction, including pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm labor. We herein discuss mechanisms by which TLRs regulate the maternal immune response during normal and abnormal gestation, and we highlight recent data that assign a role to TLRs in the pathophysiology of selected pregnancy-associated complications.
Riley
Joan K
JK
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4566 Scott Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. rileyj@wudosis.wustl.edu
Nelson
D Michael
DM
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003656:Decidua / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010922:Placenta Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000276:immunology
D016207:Cytokines; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors