In vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of ProTaper universal rotary retreatment system for gutta-percha removal with or without a solvent.
BACKGROUND
Effective removal of gutta-percha in endodontic retreatment is a significant factor to ensure a favorable outcome from failed procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a nickel-titanium rotary instrument system with or without a solvent versus stainless steel hand files for gutta-percha removal.


METHODS
Forty extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared and filled. They were divided into 4 groups: Gates-Glidden and K-files, Gates-Glidden and K-files with chloroform, ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment system, and ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment system with chloroform. The operating time was recorded. The teeth were longitudinally sectioned and photographed. The images were analyzed and the filling remnants were quantified by using the IMAGE TOOL software.


RESULTS
With Kruskall-Wallis test, statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the techniques in regard to the amount of the endodontic filling remnants (P < .05); however, the ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment system was faster than the hand files (P < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
All of the techniques proved helpful for the removal of endodontic filling material, and they were similar in material remaining after retreatment, but the ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment system without chloroform was faster.
Takahashi
Cristiane Midori
CM
Department of Endodontics, Centre for Dental Research São Leopoldo Mandic, Sao Paulo, Brazil. cris_mtakahashi@yahoo.com.br
Cunha
Rodrigo Sanches
RS
de Martin
Alexandre Sigrist
AS
Fontana
Carlos Eduardo
CE
Silveira
Cláudia Fernandes M
CF
da Silveira Bueno
Carlos Eduardo
CE
D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004867:Equipment Design; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D023861:Photography, Dental; D019233:Retreatment; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012984:Software; D012997:Solvents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000737:chemistry
D003722:Dental Alloys; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012997:Solvents; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C074417:Endo-Fill; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D002725:Chloroform; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D014025:Titanium