Antiretroviral treatment initiation among HIV-infected pregnant women with low CD4(+) cell counts in Gaborone, Botswana.
BACKGROUND
Botswana has the most comprehensive public program in Africa for providing antiretroviral therapy to treat HIV and prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Botswana guidelines prioritize CD4(+) cell count testing during pregnancy and initiation of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) for women who qualify for treatment. We analyzed rates of HIV testing, CD4 cell count testing, and HAART initiation during pregnancy.


METHODS
From October 2007 through June 2008, we reviewed obstetric and laboratory records of women at Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana.


RESULTS
We recorded information from 3056 women. Of 2675 women eligible for the PMTCT program, 2623 (98%) had a documented HIV status, of whom 793 (30%) were HIV infected. Among women who were treatment naive at pregnancy conception, 397 (59%) had recorded CD4(+) cell counts, of whom 62 (16%) had a CD4(+) cell count <200 cells per cubic millimeter. Among this subset, 23 (37%) initiated HAART during pregnancy, 26 (42%) received zidovudine prophylaxis, and 13 (21%) received no therapy.


CONCLUSIONS
We observed low rates of CD4(+) cell count testing and HAART initiation during pregnancy. Antenatal clinics should prioritize CD4(+) cell count testing and referral of women who qualify for HAART to maximize benefits of maternal treatment and PMTCT.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Jennifer Y
JY
Chen
Anthony C
AC
Ogwu
Petr
P
Svab
Shahin
S
Lockman
Howard J
HJ
Moffat
Tendani
T
Gaolathe
Shana
S
Moilwa
Ketil
K
Størdal
Scott
S
Dryden-Peterson
Claire
C
Moffat
Joseph
J
Makhema
M
M
Essex
Roger L
RL
Shapiro
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001902:Botswana; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents