Influence of bone and dental implant parameters on stress distribution in the mandible: a finite element study.
OBJECTIVE
The complicated relationships between mandibular bone components and dental implants have attracted the attention of structural mechanics researchers as well as dental practitioners. Using the finite element method, the present study evaluated various bone and implant parameters for their influence on the distribution of von Mises stresses within the mandible.


METHODS
Various parameters were considered, including Young's modulus of cancellous bone, which varies from 1 to 4 GPa, and that of cortical bone, which is between 7 and 20 GPa. Implant length (7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 mm), implant diameter (3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.5 mm), and cortical bone thickness (0.3 to 2.1 mm) were also considered as parameters. Assumptions made in the analysis were: modeling of the complex material and geometric properties of the bone and implant using two-dimensional triangular and quadrilateral plane strain elements, 50% osseointegration between bone and implant, and linear relationships between the stress value and Young's modulus of both cancellous and cortical bone at any specific point.


RESULTS
An increase in Young's modulus and a decrease in the cortical bone thickness resulted in elevated stresses within both cancellous and cortical bone. Increases in the implant length led to greater surface contact between the bone and implant, thereby reducing the magnitude of stress.


CONCLUSIONS
The applied masticatory force was demonstrated to be the most influential, in terms of differences between minimum and maximum stress values, versus all other parameters. Therefore loading should be considered of vital importance when planning implant placement.
Guan
Hong
H
Structural Engineering and Mechanics, Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia. h.guan@griffith.edu.au
van Staden
Rudi
R
Loo
Yew-Chaye
YC
Johnson
Newell
N
Ivanovski
Saso
S
Meredith
Neil
N
D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001732:Bite Force; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
D015921:Dental Implants