Relative hypotension and image guidance: tools for training in sinus surgery.
OBJECTIVE
To quantify the safety and efficiency of Postgraduate-Year II head-and-neck-surgery residents who perform endoscopic sinus surgery, to observe any changes that accompanied accrued experience, and to measure and correlate blood loss and temporal efficiency with anesthesia-induced relative hypotension.


METHODS
Retrospective study.


METHODS
University of California, San Diego, Medical Center.


METHODS
One hundred two patients with chronic rhinosinusitis operated on between July 1, 2005, and June 30, 2006, by 3 Postgraduate-Year II head-and-neck-surgery residents.


METHODS
Endoscopic sinus surgery.


METHODS
Operative times, blood loss, case complexity, and anesthetic components were recorded and analyzed.


RESULTS
One hundred two patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without polyposis received operative management. Mean operative time, with the inclusion of injection (10 minutes) and image guidance setup (5 minutes), was 77 minutes. Estimated blood loss averaged 42 mL for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and 58 mL for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. The mean intraoperative blood pressure was 101/65 mm Hg. No major complications occurred.


CONCLUSIONS
Endoscopic sinus surgery may be safely performed by Postgraduate-Year II head-and-neck-surgery residents by means of hypotensive anesthesia techniques and image guidance. Outcome analysis demonstrates minimal blood loss, efficient operative times, and no significant complications.
Crawley
Brianna K
BK
Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Barkdull
Gregory C
GC
Dent
Stephen
S
Bishop
Michael
M
Davidson
Terence M
TM
D002908:Chronic Disease; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome