Infection with different hiv subtypes is associated with CD4 activation-associated dysfunction and apoptosis.
Determination of HIV-1 subtype may be important in the management of HIV-infected individuals, particularly with regard to deciding the CD4 cell count at which to initiate antiretroviral therapy. Non-B subtypes, A and D, are prevalent in Uganda, and individuals infected with subtype D seem to have faster disease progression compared with those infected with subtype A. We examined the level of apoptosis in CD4+ T cells in a study cohort of volunteers infected with subtypes A and D infection. Although the levels of apoptosis in the activated CD4+ cells significantly decreased with viral suppression, CD4+ apoptosis in individuals infected with subtype D were found to be significantly higher compared with those infected with subtype A before antiretroviral treatment. Surface expression of PD-1 on CD4 cells in subtype D was substantially higher compared with that in subtype A (P = 0.03). This difference was not observed in the CD8 population (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that the infecting HIV subtypes exert an independent influence on the disease outcome in response to antiretroviral treatment.
California Department of Health Services, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
Stephanie
S
Bousheri
Candace
C
Burke
Isaac
I
Ssewanyana
Richard
R
Harrigan
Jeffrey
J
Martin
Peter
P
Hunt
David R
DR
Bangsberg
Huyen
H
Cao
D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014454:Uganda
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor