Adiponectin: serum levels, promoter polymorphism, and associations with birth size and cardiometabolic outcome in young adults born large for gestational age.
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether the -11391G>A polymorphism in the regulatory region of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) is associated with birth size, postnatal growth, adiponectinemia, and cardiometabolic risk in adult life.


METHODS
Case-control study nested within a prospective cohort of 2063 community subjects born in 1978/1979 and followed since birth to date.


METHODS
ADIPOQ -11391G>A genotype-phenotype associations were evaluated in 116 subjects born large for gestational age (LGA) and 392 gender-matched controls at birth (birth size), at 8-10 years (catch-down growth), and at 23-25 years of age (cardiometabolic profile).


RESULTS
The -11391A variant allele frequency was higher in LGA subjects (P=0.04). AA genotype was associated with augmented probability of being born LGA (odds ratio=4.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.16-16.7; P=0.03). This polymorphism was associated neither with body composition nor with postnatal growth pattern. At the age of 23-25 years, the -11391A variant allele was associated with higher serum adiponectin levels (GG: 10.7+/-6.2 versus GA: 12.2+/-6.5 versus AA: 14.2+/-6.8 microg/ml; P<0.01). Subjects born LGA presented higher body mass index (BMI; P=0.01), abdominal circumference (P=0.04), blood pressure (P=0.04), and homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance (P=0.01) than adequate for gestational age. Symmetry at birth did not influence these variables. The occurrence of catch-down of weight was associated with lower BMI and abdominal circumference (P<0.001) at 23-25 years.


CONCLUSIONS
The -11391A ADIPOQ gene variant was associated with increased chance of being born LGA and with higher adiponectin levels in early adult life.
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Ana Carolina
AC
Bueno
Aniette R
AR
Espiñeira
Fábio L
FL
Fernandes-Rosa
Roberto Molina
RM
de Souza
Margaret
M
de Castro
Ayrton Custódio
AC
Moreira
Heloísa
H
Bettiol
Marco Antonio
MA
Barbieri
Sonir R
SR
Antonini
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose