A test of the relations between avoidance of panic-related situations and substance use, substance dependence, and depression among subclinical panickers.
The hypotheses that among subclinical panickers, avoidance of panic-related situations would be associated with elevated substance use levels and increased likelihood of lifetime diagnoses of substance dependence and major depressive disorder (MDD) were tested. Findings confirmed that panic-related avoidance was associated with an elevated likelihood of lifetime diagnoses of nicotine and alcohol dependence as well as MDD, but not drug dependence. Panic avoidance was also related to relatively greater daily levels of cigarette and alcohol use.
Bunaciu
Liviu
L
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. lbunaciu@uark.edu
Feldner
Matthew T
MT
Blumenthal
Heidemarie
H
Babson
Kimberly A
KA
Schmidt
Norman B
NB
Sachs-Ericsson
Natalie
N
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications