Genome evolution and adaptation in a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli.
The relationship between rates of genomic evolution and organismal adaptation remains uncertain, despite considerable interest. The feasibility of obtaining genome sequences from experimentally evolving populations offers the opportunity to investigate this relationship with new precision. Here we sequence genomes sampled through 40,000 generations from a laboratory population of Escherichia coli. Although adaptation decelerated sharply, genomic evolution was nearly constant for 20,000 generations. Such clock-like regularity is usually viewed as the signature of neutral evolution, but several lines of evidence indicate that almost all of these mutations were beneficial. This same population later evolved an elevated mutation rate and accumulated hundreds of additional mutations dominated by a neutral signature. Thus, the coupling between genomic and adaptive evolution is complex and can be counterintuitive even in a constant environment. In particular, beneficial substitutions were surprisingly uniform over time, whereas neutral substitutions were highly variable.
Barrick
Jeffrey E
JE
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
Yu
Dong Su
DS
Yoon
Sung Ho
SH
Jeong
Haeyoung
H
Oh
Tae Kwang
TK
Schneider
Dominique
D
Lenski
Richard E
RE
Kim
Jihyun F
JF
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D056084:Genetic Fitness; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D013997:Time Factors