Effect of antibiotic prescribing strategies and an information leaflet on longer-term reconsultation for acute lower respiratory tract infection.
BACKGROUND
Limited evidence suggests that delayed prescribing may influence future consultation behaviour.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of antibiotic prescribing strategy on reconsultation in the year following presentation with acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).


METHODS
Balanced factorial randomised trial.


METHODS
Primary care.


METHODS
Eight hundred and seven subjects, aged>or=3 years, had acute illness presenting with cough as the main symptom, plus at least one symptom or sign from sputum, chest pain, dyspnoea or wheeze. The subjects were randomised to one of three prescribing strategies (antibiotics, delayed antibiotic, no antibiotic) and a leaflet. Prior antibiotic use and reconsultation were assessed by medical record review.


RESULTS
Patients who had been prescribed antibiotic for cough in the previous 2 years were much more likely to reconsult (incidence rate ratio [IRR]=2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.62 to 4.01) and use of a delayed prescription strategy is associated with reduced reconsultation in this group. In those with prior antibiotic exposure, there was a 34% reduction in consultation rate in the no antibiotic group (IRR=0.66, 0.30 to 1.44, P=0.295) and a 78% reduction for the delayed antibiotic group (IRR=0.22, 0.10 to 0.49, P<0.001) when compared with those given immediate antibiotics. This effect was not observed in patients who had not been prescribed antibiotics in the previous 2 years; there was no reduction in consultations in the no antibiotic group (IRR=1.23, 0.79 to 1.92, P=0.358) or the delayed antibiotic group (1.19, 0.78 to 1.80, P=0.426). There was an increase in consultation rate with an information leaflet (IRR=1.27, 0.86 to 1.87, P=0.229). Past attendance with cough, or past attendance with other respiratory illness and smoking, also predicted reconsultation with cough.


CONCLUSIONS
Delayed antibiotic prescribing for LRTI appears effective in modifying reconsultation behaviour, particularly in those with a prior history of antibiotic prescription for LRTI.
Moore
Michael
M
Division of Community Clinical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton. mvm198@soton.ac.uk
Little
Paul
P
Rumsby
Kate
K
Kelly
Jo
J
Watson
Louise
L
Warner
Greg
G
Fahey
Tom
T
Williamson
Ian
I
D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003371:Cough / Q000188:drug therapy; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents