Renal biopsy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: indications and nature of the lesions.
OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of non diabetic renal disease (NDRD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus varies widely depending on the selection criteria and the populations being studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal biopsies performed on type 2 diabetic patients for suspicion of NDRD and to correlate the pathological with the clinical and laboratory findings.


METHODS
We selected and reviewed biopsies performed on type 2 diabetics for clinically suspected NDRD from January 2006 to December 2008 at a single hospital. Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed in relation to the histopathology findings. Patients were grouped into either group I with isolated DGS or group II with NDRD on top of DGS.


RESULTS
Thirty-one biopsies were performed on type 2 diabetic patients; Seventeen patients (54.8%) were males. Mean age was 50.68 (11.29) years. The mean duration of diabetes was 9.33 (3.6) years. Renal biopsy showed that among the studied group 14 patients (45.2%) showed NDRD on top of DGS. Crescentic glomerulonephritis was the commonest finding seen in 3 cases (21.4% of group II cases) followed by acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and hypertensive changes each was seen in 2 cases (14.4%). Other findings included IgA nephropathy, primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, rhabdomyolysis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis each of them was seen in one case (7.1%). Group I had a significantly higher level of proteinuria 4.97 (2.08) gm/24 hrs urine than group II 2.72 (1.09) gm/24 hrs urine (P=.003). There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, duration of diabetes, gender, presence of hypertension, hematuria, serum creatinine or glomerular filtration rate.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study showed that crescentic glomerulonephritis is the commonest NDRD among diabetic patients. A higher level of proteinuria was reported among those with NDRD superimposed on DGS. So, Renal biopsy should be performed in diabetics when the clinical scenario is atypical.
Ghani
Amal Abdel
AA
Nephrology Unit, Mubarak Al Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait. amalhassan90@hotmail.com
Al Waheeb
Salah
S
Al Sahow
Ali
A
Hussain
Naser
N
D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D015995:Prevalence; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies