Long chain saturated fatty acids increase haptoglobin gene expression in C57BL/6J mice adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 cells.
BACKGROUND
Dietary lipids are directly related to the composition of adipose tissue, aetiology of obesity and arousal of obesity-related pathologies, like chronic inflammation states. Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein secreted by the liver and white adipose tissue, and its blood levels vary according to the volume of fat in the body.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of diets enriched with large amounts of dietary fats, which differ in their fatty acid composition, on the haptoglobin gene expression by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice fed for 2 days or 8 weeks. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with fatty acids that are found in those types of dietary fats.


METHODS
Mice were treated acutely (for 2 days) or chronically (for 8 weeks) with diets enriched with soybean oil, fish oil, coconut oil or lard. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with six different fatty acids. Haptoglobin gene expression was quantified by northern blotting.


RESULTS
Both chronic and acute treatment with lard, which is rich in long chain saturated fatty acids, increased the haptoglobin mRNA expression in the retroperitoneal and epidydimal white adipose tissues. Chronic treatment with coconut oil, which is rich in medium chain saturated fatty acids, increased the haptoglobin expression in the epidydimal and subcutaneous depots. In 3T3-L1, palmitic acid increased the haptoglobin gene expression.


CONCLUSIONS
The type of lipids in the diet can differently modulate the white adipose tissue gene expression of haptoglobin, and saturated fatty acids play a major role in promoting a pro-inflammatory environment. This response is fat pad specific and dependant on the duration of treatment.
Department of Physiology, São Paulo Federal University, Campus São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. a.amadorbueno@londonmet.ac.uk
Allain Amador
AA
Bueno
Lila Missae
LM
Oyama
Caio Sussumu
CS
de Macedo Motoyama
Carolina Rodrigues
CR
da Silva Biz
Vera Lucia
VL
Silveira
Eliane Beraldi
EB
Ribeiro
Cláudia Maria
CM
Oller do Nascimento
D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D004032:Diet; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation
D005227:Fatty Acids; D006242:Haptoglobins; D007850:Lauric Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019308:Palmitic Acid