Synovial tissue rank ligand expression and radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: observations from a proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial of cytokine blockade.
The objective of the study was to evaluate synovial tissue receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) as biomarkers of disease activity, progressive joint damage, and therapeutic response, during cytokine blockade in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with active RA entered a randomized open-label 12-month study of anakinra 100 mg/day, administered as monotherapy or in combination with pegsunercept 800 μg/kg twice weekly. Arthroscopic synovial tissue biopsies were obtained at baseline, at 4 weeks and at the final time point. Following immunohistochemical staining, RANKL and OPG expression was quantified using digital image analysis. Radiographic damage was evaluated using the van der Heijde modification of the Sharp scoring system. Twenty-two patients were randomized. Baseline expression of RANKL, but not OPG, correlated significantly with baseline CRP levels (r = 0.61, P < 0.01). While a significant reduction in OPG expression following treatment was observed in clinical responders at the final time point (P < 0.05 vs. baseline), RANKL levels did not change, and the RANKL:OPG ratio remained unaltered, even at the highest levels of clinical response. When potential predictors of radiographic outcome were evaluated, baseline RANKL expression correlated with erosive progression at 1 year (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). Distinct, though related, pathophysiologic processes mediate joint inflammation and destruction in RA. Elevated synovial tissue RANKL expression is associated with progressive joint erosion, and may be independent of the clinical response to targeted therapy. The potential therapeutic importance of modulating RANKL in RA is highlighted, if radiographic arrest is to be achieved.
Rooney
Terence
T
Department of Rheumatology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland. rooneyterence@gmail.com
Edwards
Carl K
CK
Gogarty
Martina
M
Greenan
Laura
L
Veale
Douglas J
DJ
FitzGerald
Oliver
O
Dayer
Jean-Michel
JM
Bresnihan
Barry
B
D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D018450:Disease Progression; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism*; D011859:Radiography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand