Caffeine increases the linearity of the visual BOLD response.
Although the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal used in most functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies has been shown to exhibit nonlinear characteristics, most analyses assume that the BOLD signal responds in a linear fashion to stimulus. This assumption of linearity can lead to errors in the estimation of the BOLD response, especially for rapid event-related fMRI studies. In this study, we used a rapid event-related design and Volterra kernel analysis to assess the effect of a 200 mg oral dose of caffeine on the linearity of the visual BOLD response. The caffeine dose significantly (p<0.02) increased the linearity of the BOLD response in a sample of 11 healthy volunteers studied on a 3 T MRI system. In addition, the agreement between nonlinear and linear estimates of the hemodynamic response function was significantly increased (p=0.013) with the caffeine dose. These findings indicate that differences in caffeine usage should be considered as a potential source of bias in the analysis of rapid event-related fMRI studies.
Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0677, La Jolla, CA 92093-0677, USA. ttliu@ucsd.edu
Thomas T
TT
Liu
Joy
J
Liau
D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D055815:Young Adult
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002110:Caffeine