Declining mortality in American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) following natural West Nile virus infection.
The American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) is known to suffer 100% mortality from infection with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus (WNV). Following the initial detection of WNV in North America in 1999, we measured prevalence of WNV-reactive antibodies ("seroprevalence") in free-ranging American and fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) of central New Jersey after each transmission season through 2005. In 2002, seroprevalence in American crow juveniles increased to 14% from the 5% of the previous year, potentially indicating increased survival in this species. Using the annual seroprevalence measurements and the number of human West Nile neuroinvasive disease cases as a surrogate for WNV transmission intensity, we developed a model to estimate the annual WNV-associated mortality rates among both of these crow species. Our model supports the hypothesis that mortality is changing over time; the WNV-associated mortality rate declined over time by 1.5% for American crow and by 1.1% for fish crow. The probability that the trend in mortality was negative was 90% for the American crow and 60% for the fish crow.
Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. lreed@rci.rutgers.edu
Lisa M
LM
Reed
Michael A
MA
Johansson
Nicholas
N
Panella
Robert
R
McLean
Terry
T
Creekmore
Rose
R
Puelle
Nicholas
N
Komar
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D046368:Crows; D008954:Models, Biological; D009515:New Jersey / Q000453:epidemiology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D014902:West Nile virus
D000914:Antibodies, Viral