Motorcyclists' reactions to safety helmet law: a qualitative study.
BACKGROUND
Extensive body of the literature reveals that proper use of helmets is an effective way to reduce the severity of injuries and fatalities among motorcyclists. However, many motorcyclists do not use safety helmet properly. This study aimed to empirically explore reactions of motorcyclists to the safety helmet laws, in Iran.


METHODS
Qualitative data were collected via four focus groups and 11 in-depth interviews. Participants were 28 male motorcyclists who never used a safety helmet during rides, and 4 male police officers. All transcripts, codes and categories were read for several times to exhaust identifiable major themes. During this process data were reduced from text to codes and themes.


RESULTS
Five major themes emerged from the data analyses, including themes related to the following: (1) circumventing or dodging police officers; (2) simulating a helmet wearing behavior; (3) accepting the probability of receiving a ticket; (4) taking advantage of the police neglect and carelessness; and (5) using a cheap or convenient helmet.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest certain levels of reckless driving among the participating motorcyclists in this study. They also point to a system of law enforcement that operates haphazardly and fails to consistently penalize those who deviate from it. Further studies are needed to investigate how "risks" are perceived and relate to "reactions", and how a 'culture of masculinity' may encourage risk tolerance and a disposition toward lawlessness and carelessness among male motorcyclists. Also, there is a need for the development and implementation of multidimensional interventions that would offer socio-culturally sensitive educational and motivational messages to the motorcyclists and the in-service traffic-enforcement officers in Iran.
Department of Health Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. f_zamani@modares.ac.ir
Fereshteh
F
Zamani-Alavijeh
Shamsaddin
S
Niknami
Eesa
E
Mohammadi
Ali
A
Montazeri
Fazlollah
F
Ghofranipour
Fazlollah
F
Ahmadi
Shahrzad Hejazi
SH
Bazargan
D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D017144:Focus Groups; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007492:Iran; D035846:Law Enforcement / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D037141:Mandatory Programs; D008571:Men / Q000523:psychology*; D009049:Motorcycles / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D016495:Police / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires