Optimal palatal configuration for miniscrew applications.
OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that palatal bone is not able to support titanium miniscrews (11 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter) when subjected to forces normally generated during orthodontic treatment.


METHODS
The miniscrew-palatal bone system was modeled and analyzed using the commercial finite element method software ANSYS Multiphysics 10.0; tests were done in both a state of total osseointegration and in the absence of it. Calculations were carried out in both cases in configurations where the miniscrew was inserted into two different palatal regions: in the first it was anchored in one layer of cortical bone and in the underlying trabecular bone; in the second, two layers of cortical bone and the trabecular bone in between were involved. Two different loads were taken into account, 240 gf and 480 gf, both of which are within the normal range for orthodontic treatment, and applied to the miniscrew heads.


RESULTS
The results demonstrated that the miniscrew inserted into the palate can be anchored to bone and loaded within normal orthodontic force range without exceeding the stress levels that lead to bone fracture. The osseointegrated system was characterized by a lower level of stress than the nonosseointegrated one, but anchorage within the second layer of cortical bone markedly reduced the stress on the trabecular bone, thereby improving the stability of the implant, also in the absence of osseointegration.


CONCLUSIONS
The hypothesis is rejected. Miniscrews loaded within the normal orthodontic force range do not exceed the stress levels that lead to bone fracture.
Lombardo
Luca
L
Department of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Gracco
Antonio
A
Zampini
Francesco
F
Stefanoni
Filippo
F
Mollica
Francesco
F
D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001863:Bone Screws; D003198:Computer Simulation; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology; D008954:Models, Biological; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010159:Palate / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014025:Titanium
D014025:Titanium