Complementary medicinal chemistry-driven strategies toward new antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial lead drug candidates.
Trypanosomiases and Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases that affect the less developed countries. For this reason, they did not and still do not have high visibility in Western societies. The name neglected diseases also refers to the fact that they often received little interest at the level of public investment, research and development. The drug discovery scenario, however, is changing dramatically. After a period in which different socioeconomic factors have prevented massive research efforts in this field, such efforts have increased considerably in the very recent years, with significant scientific advancements. In this context, we have embarked on a new drug discovery project devoted to identification of new small molecules for the treatment of trypanosomal and leishmanial diseases. Two complementary approaches have been pursued and are reported here. The first deals with a structure-based drug design, and a privileged structure-guided synthesis of quinazoline compounds able to modulate trypanothione reductase activity was accomplished. In the second, a combinatorial library, built on a natural product-based strategy, was synthesized. Using whole parasite assays, different quinones have been identified as promising lead compounds. A combination of both approaches to hopefully overcome some of the challenges of anti-trypanosomatid drug discovery has eventually been proposed.
Cavalli
Andrea
A
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Lizzi
Federica
F
Bongarzone
Salvatore
S
Belluti
Federica
F
Piazzi
Lorna
L
Bolognesi
Maria Laura
ML
D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D020650:Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques; D015195:Drug Design; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006801:Humans; D007891:Leishmania / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology
D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D011799:Quinazolines; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents