Effect of parathion-methyl on Amazonian fish and freshwater invertebrates: a comparison of sensitivity with temperate data.
Parathion-methyl is an organophosphorous insecticide that is widely used in agricultural production sites in the Amazon. The use of this pesticide might pose a potential risk for the biodiversity and abundance of fish and invertebrate species inhabiting aquatic ecosystems adjacent to the agricultural fields. Due to a lack of toxicity data for Amazonian species, safe environmental concentrations used to predict the ecological risks of parathion-methyl in the Amazon are based on tests performed with temperate species, although it is unknown whether the sensitivity of temperate species is representative for those of Amazonian endemic species. To address this issue, the acute toxic effect (LC(50)-96 h) of parathion-methyl was assessed on seven fish and five freshwater invertebrate species endemic to the Amazon. These data were used to compare their pesticide sensitivity with toxicity data for temperate species collected from the literature. The interspecies sensitivity was compared using the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) concept. The results of this study suggest that Amazonian species are no more, or less, sensitive to parathion-methyl than their temperate counterparts, with LC(50) values ranging from 2900 to 7270 microg/L for fish and from 0.3 to 319 microg/L for freshwater arthropods. Consequently, this evaluation supports the initial use of toxicity data of temperate fish and freshwater invertebrate species for assessing the effects of parathion-methyl on Amazonian freshwater ecosystems.
Rico
Andreu
A
Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Andreu.Rico@wur.nl
Geber-Corrêa
Rachel
R
Campos
Paola S
PS
Garcia
Marcos V B
MV
Waichman
Andrea V
AV
van den Brink
Paul J
PJ
D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D005399:Fishes; D005618:Fresh Water; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000187:drug effects*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008743:Methyl Parathion / Q000633:toxicity*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D007306:Insecticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008743:Methyl Parathion