Statin use in rheumatoid arthritis in relation to actual cardiovascular risk: evidence for substantial undertreatment of lipid-associated cardiovascular risk?
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is partially attributed to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, which can be identified and managed based on risk stratification algorithms (Framingham Risk Score, National Cholesterol Education Program, Systematic Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation and Reynolds Risk Score). We aimed to (a) identify the proportion of at risk patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) requiring statin therapy identified by conventional risk calculators, and (b) assess whether patients at risk were receiving statins.


METHODS
Patients at high CVD risk (excluding patients with established CVD or diabetes) were identified from a cohort of 400 well characterised patients with RA, by applying risk calculators with or without a x1.5 multiplier in specific patient subgroups. Actual statin use versus numbers eligible for statins was also calculated.


RESULTS
The percentage of patients identified as being at risk ranged significantly depending on the method, from 1.6% (for 20% threshold global CVD risk) to 15.5% (for CVD and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality) to 21.8% (for 10% global CVD risk) and 25.9% (for 5% CVD mortality), with the majority of them (58.1% to 94.8%) not receiving statins. The application of a 1.5 multiplier identified 17% to 78% more at risk patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Depending on the risk stratification method, 2% to 26% of patients with RA without CVD have sufficiently high risk to require statin therapy, yet most of them remain untreated. To address this issue, we would recommend annual systematic screening using the nationally applicable risk calculator, combined with regular audit of whether treatment targets have been achieved.
Toms
Tracey E
TE
Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Pensnett Road, Dudley, West Midlands, UK.
Panoulas
Vasileios F
VF
Douglas
Karen M J
KM
Griffiths
Helen
H
Sattar
Naveed
N
Smith
Jaqueline P
JP
Symmons
Deborah P M
DP
Nightingale
Peter
P
Metsios
George S
GS
Kitas
George D
GD
D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection
D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors