Time course of attentional bias in anxiety: emotion and gender specificity.
Anxiety is characterized by cognitive biases, including attentional bias to emotional (especially threatening) stimuli. Accounts differ on the time course of attention to threat, but the literature generally confounds emotional valence and arousal and overlooks gender effects, both addressed in the present study. Nonpatients high in self-reported anxious apprehension, anxious arousal, or neither completed an emotion-word Stroop task during event-related potential (ERP) recording. Hypotheses differentiated time course of preferential attention to emotional stimuli. Individuals high in anxious apprehension and anxious arousal showed distinct early ERP evidence of preferential processing of emotionally arousing stimuli along with some evidence for gender differences in processing. Healthy controls showed gender differences at both early and later processing stages. The conjunction of valence, arousal, and gender is critical in the time course of attentional bias.
Sass
Sarah M
SM
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Heller
Wendy
W
Stewart
Jennifer L
JL
Silton
Rebecca Levin
RL
Edgar
J Christopher
JC
Fisher
Joscelyn E
JE
Miller
Gregory A
GA
D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult