Antiproliferation properties of grain sorghum dry distiller's grain lipids in Caco-2 cells.
Antiproliferative properties of lipids extracted from grain sorghum (GS) dry distiller's grain (DDG) were analyzed to determine the feasibility of developing GS coproducts as a source for human health dietary ingredients. The lipid extract of GS-DDG was delivered to human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cells by solubilizing 0-1000 microg/mL of GS-DDG lipids in 100 microg/mL increments with micelles. A significant reduction in cell viability (25-50%) resulted at treatment levels of 400-1000 microg/mL GS-DDG lipids (p < 0.05). Alternatively, total protein levels of cells treated with 400, 500, and 600 microg/mL of GS-DDG lipid were not significantly different from the control, indicating cell growth during the treatment period. Total cell counts for the control were not significantly different from the GS-DDG lipid treated cells, but dead cell counts increased by approximately 10% for the latter sample with a concomitant increase of the intercellular protein lactate dehydrogenase leakage (30-40%) in the medium. Preliminary analysis by the fluorescence-activated cell method (FACs) demonstrated that nonviable cells were in either the early apoptotic, late apoptotic, or necrotic stage post-treatment with 400, 500, and 600 microg/mL GS-DDG lipids. Physiochemical characterization of the GS-DDG lipids used for the antiproliferation study showed the presence of vitamin E (predominantly gamma-tocopherol), triacylglycerides (predominantly linoleic acid), policosanols, aldehydes, and sterols (predominantly campesterol and stigmasterol), each of which or as synergistic/additive group of constituents may be responsible for the antiproliferative effect.
Department of Food Science and Technology, 143 Filley Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0919, USA.
Richard
R
Zbasnik
Timothy
T
Carr
Curtis
C
Weller
Keum Taek
KT
Hwang
Lijun
L
Wang
Susan
S
Cuppett
Vicki
V
Schlegel
D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045868:Sorghum / Q000737:chemistry*
D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts