Epidemiology and clinical features of community-acquired, healthcare-associated and nosocomial bloodstream infections in tertiary-care and community hospitals.
Classification of bloodstream infections (BSIs) as community-acquired (CA), healthcare-associated (HCA) and hospital-acquired (HA) has been proposed. The epidemiology and clinical features of BSI according to that classification in tertiary-care (TH) and community (CH) hospitals were investigated in a prospective cohort of 821 BSI episodes from 15 hospitals (ten TH and five CH hospitals) in Andalucía, Spain. Eighteen percent were CA, 24% were HCA and 58% were HA. The incidence of CA and HCA BSI was higher in CH than in TH (CA: 3.9 episodes per 1000 admissions vs. 2.2, p <0.01; HCA: 5.0 vs. 2.9, p <0.01), whereas the incidence of HA BSI was lower (7.7 vs. 8.7, p <0.01). In CA and HCA BSI, the respiratory tract was more frequently the source in CH than in TH (CA: 30% vs. 15%; HCA: 20% vs. 9%, p ≤0.03). In HCA BSI, chronic renal insufficiency and tunnelled catheters were less frequent in CH than in TH (11% vs. 26% and 7% vs. 19%, p ≤0.03), although chronic ulcers were more frequent (22% vs. 8%, p 0.008). BSIs as a result of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa were very rare in CA episodes, although extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLEC) caused a similar proportion of all BSIs in CA, HCA and HA episodes. Multivariate analysis revealed no significant difference in mortality rates in CH and TH. HCA infections should be considered as a separate class of BSI in both TH and CH, although differences between hospitals must be considered. CA BSIs were not caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, except for ESBLEC.
Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain. jesusrodriguez@medynet.com
J
J
Rodríguez-Baño
M D
MD
López-Prieto
M M
MM
Portillo
P
P
Retamar
C
C
Natera
E
E
Nuño
M
M
Herrero
A
A
del Arco
A
A
Muñoz
F
F
Téllez
M
M
Torres-Tortosa
A
A
Martín-Aspas
A
A
Arroyo
A
A
Ruiz
R
R
Moya
J E
JE
Corzo
L
L
León
J A
JA
Pérez-López
D000368:Aged; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology