Use of spent dialysate analysis to estimate blood levels of uraemic solutes without blood sampling: urea.
BACKGROUND
Urea kinetic modelling-based methods are widely used to assess dialysis efficacy. However, they require blood sampling and are susceptible to a number of errors, mainly from the calculated parameters (particularly V). Spent dialysate determinations have been used and have been shown to be reliable and simple to use. In this study, we associated dialysate-based and clearance determinations along with Kt/V to estimate blood urea levels.


METHODS
Urea kinetic modelling, continuous sampling of spent dialysate and ionic dialysance were determined in 18 stable dialysis patients during 126 dialysis sessions. Mean blood urea levels were estimated as follows: mean urea level = spent dialysate - urea mass/(dialysance T). Blood urea levels before and after dialysis were calculated based on the same determinations and extended formulae.


RESULTS
Estimated mean urea level was significantly correlated with measured mean blood urea level (R(2) = 0.957; P < 0.0001), and Bland and Altman analysis showed significant agreement between estimated and measured levels. Estimated and measured blood urea levels were also correlated before and after dialysis (R(2) = 0.972 , P < 0.0001 and R(2) = 0.903 , P < 0.0001, respectively), with good agreement for both blood urea before and after dialysis and their respective estimates.


CONCLUSIONS
Blood urea levels may be reliably estimated from the total mass of urea removed in the dialysate and the dialysance measured during dialysis. Coupling both measurements allows a precise monitoring of dialysis efficacy and a specific evaluation of the patient's urea metabolism status. Technical dysfunctions and patient variations may be easily identified using this approach without blood sampling.
RD -Néphrologie and Groupe Rein et HTA, EA3127, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique IURC-UM1, 104, rue de la Galéra, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, 34090 Montpellier, France.
Alain
A
Ficheux
Nathalie
N
Gayrard
Ilan
I
Szwarc
Stéphan
S
Soullier
Johanna
J
Bismuth-Mondolfo
Philippe
P
Brunet
Marie-Françoise
MF
Servel
Angel
A
Argilés
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood*
D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions; D014508:Urea