Antioxidants rescue photoreceptors in rd1 mice: Relationship with thiol metabolism.
We have previously shown that the use of a combination of antioxidants delayed the degeneration process in rd1 mouse retina. In an effort to understand the mechanism of action of these substances (zeaxanthin, lutein, alpha-lipoic acid, glutathione, and Lycium barbarum extract) the changes in the levels of several proteins and oxidative stress markers in the rd1 retina have been studied. The treatment increased glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione levels and decreased cystine concentrations in rd1 retinas. Considering all the results obtained from treated and untreated animals, a high correlation was present between glutathione concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity, and there was a negative correlation between glutathione retinal concentration and number of TUNEL-positive cells. No difference was observed between the numbers of nNOS- and NADPH-diaphorase-positive cells in treated and untreated rd1 mice. Thiol contents and thiol-dependent peroxide metabolism seem to be directly related to the survival of photoreceptors in rd1 mouse retina.
Department of Physiology, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
María
M
Miranda
Emma
E
Arnal
Satpal
S
Ahuja
Raquel
R
Alvarez-Nölting
Rosa
R
López-Pedrajas
Per
P
Ekström
Francisco
F
Bosch-Morell
Theo
T
van Veen
Francisco J
FJ
Romero
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054707:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D032305:Lycium; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration
D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D054707:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6; D005978:Glutathione