Regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion by branched N-glycosylation of N-cadherin extracellular EC2 and EC3 domains.
The effects of altering N-cadherin N-glycosylation on several cadherin-mediated cellular behaviors were investigated using small interfering RNA and site-directed mutagenesis. In HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, small interfering RNA-directed knockdown of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), a glycosyltransferase up-regulated by oncogene signaling, caused decreased expression of N-linked beta(1,6)-branched glycans expressed on N-cadherin, resulting in enhanced N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, but had no effect on N-cadherin expression on the cell surface. This effect on adhesion was accompanied by decreased cell migration and invasion, opposite of the effects observed when GnT-V was overexpressed in these cells (Guo, H. B., Lee, I., Kamar, M., and Pierce, M. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 52412-52424). A detailed study using site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that three of the eight putative N-glycosylation sites in the N-cadherin sequence showed N-glycan expression. Moreover, all three of these sites, located in the extracellular domains EC2 and EC3, were shown by leucoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin binding to express at least some beta(1,6)-branched glycans, products of GnT-V activity. Deletion of these sites had no effect on cadherin levels on the cell surface but led to increased stabilization of cell-cell contacts, cell-cell adhesion- mediated intracellular signaling, and reduced cell migration. We show for the first time that these deletions had little effect on formation of the N-cadherin-catenin complex but instead resulted in increased N-cadherin cis-dimerization. Branched N-glycan expression at three sites in the EC2 and -3 domains regulates N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contact formation, outside-in signaling, and cell migration and is probably a significant contributor to the increase in the migratory/invasive phenotype of cancer cells that results when GnT-V activity is up-regulated by oncogene signaling.
Guo
Hua-Bei
HB
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. hbguo@uga.edu
Johnson
Heather
H
Randolph
Matthew
M
Pierce
Michael
M
D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
D015820:Cadherins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases