Conjugation of substituted naphthalimides to polyamines as cytotoxic agents targeting the Akt/mTOR signal pathway.
Though several naphthalimide derivatives have exhibited antitumor activity in clinical trials, some issues such as toxicity prompted further structural modifications on the naphthalimide backbone. A series of naphthalimides conjugated with polyamines were synthesized to harness the polyamine transporter (PAT) for drug delivery, which was beneficial for the tumor cell selectivity. Bioevaluation in human hepatoma HepG2 cells treated with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) or spermidine (Spd), human hepatoma Bel-7402 and normal QSG-7701 hepatocyte confirmed the PAT recognition and cell selectivity. In addition, the novel naphthalimide polyamine conjugate kills cells via apoptosis, and the Akt/mTOR signal pathway was first identified as the upstream cellular target through the apoptotic mechanism research. The presence of DFMO or Spd only either elevated or attenuated the cell apoptosis, but did not change the signal pathway. Collectively, the proper polyamine recognition element (i.e., homospermidine) mediated effective drug delivery via the PAT, and helped the proper cytotoxic goods (i.e., diverse naphthalimides) exert antitumor properties.
Tian
Zhi-yong
ZY
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China.
Xie
Song-qiang
SQ
Mei
Zi-hou
ZH
Zhao
Jin
J
Gao
Wen-yuan
WY
Wang
Chao-jie
CJ
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000518:Eflornithine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053644:Naphthalimides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011073:Polyamines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013095:Spermidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D053644:Naphthalimides; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011073:Polyamines; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D013095:Spermidine; D000518:Eflornithine