Evaluation of the upper airway in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
OBJECTIVE
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients may be associated with the presence of upper airway obstruction caused by chronic infection and nasal polyposis that may also contribute to OSAS severity. Our objective was to identify the profile of findings in CF and OSAS patients by performing upper airway examinations.


METHODS
Observational, cross-sectional study involving 63 children and adolescents between the ages of 2 and 14 with CF. All patients answered a questionnaire and underwent a standard otolaryngology examination, including an endoscopic nasal and nocturnal polysomnography. OSAS diagnosis was confirmed if the obstructive apnea index was >or=1.


RESULTS
OSAS was identified in 35 (55.6%) patients. The upper airway findings were evaluated using multiple correspondence factorial analysis. The OSAS group presented with overjet >2mm, enlarged pharyngeal pillars, palatine tonsils and pharyngeal tonsils hypertrophy, ogival hard palates and characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis.


CONCLUSIONS
Bone and soft tissue structural alterations of the upper airway and chronic rhinosinusitis were associated with the OSAS group patients.
Ramos
Regina Terse Trindade
RT
Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Bahia, Brazil. reginaterse@yahoo.com
Salles
Cristina
C
Gregório
Paloma Baiardi
PB
Barros
Alessandro Tunes
AT
Santana
Angélica
A
Araújo-Filho
José Bouzas
JB
Acosta
Angelina Xavier
AX
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010159:Palate / Q000503:physiopathology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000503:physiopathology; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric