Effect of cigarette smoking on the development of murine chronic pigeon breeder's lung. The difference between a short-term and a long-term exposure.
Previous reports suggested that cigarette smoke had a protective effect of on the development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). However, smoking rate in chronic pigeon breeder's lung (PBL) seemed to be high in our clinical experiences. We developed a murine model of PBL by intranasal instillation with pigeon dropping extracts (PDE) for 4 weeks (short-term exposure) and 17 weeks (long-term exposure) to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke on disease processes. In this model, lung inflammation associated with the production of anti-PDE antibodies and antigen dependent lymphocyte proliferation was induced. Long-term exposure to PDE without cigarette smoking resulted in an increase in lung weight/body weight ratio, total cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and content of hydroxyproline in the lung compared to shortterm exposure. After a short-term exposure, cigarette smoke lessened the lymphocytosis in BAL fluid, and lymphocyte proliferation. On the other hand, after a long-term exposure cigarette smoke increased lung hydroxyproline. These results suggest that a short-term cigarette smoking attenuates lung inflammation, but a long-term cigarette smoking enhances lung inflammation with fibrosis.
Department of Integrated Pulmonology, Graduate School, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Masashi
M
Furuiye
Shuji
S
Miyake
Yasunari
Y
Miyazaki
Yoshio
Y
Ohtani
Naohiko
N
Inase
Takeshi
T
Umino
Yasuyuki
Y
Yoshizawa
D000818:Animals; D001716:Bird Fancier's Lung / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000032:analysis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D006909:Hydroxyproline