Serotonergic mechanisms on breathing modulation in the rat locus coeruleus.
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a noradrenergic nucleus that plays an important role in the ventilatory response to hypercapnia. This nucleus is densely innervated by serotonergic fibers and contains high density of serotonin (5-HT) receptors, including 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2). We assessed the possible modulation of respiratory response to hypercapnia by 5-HT, through 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2) receptors, in the LC. To this end, we determined the concentrations of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in the LC after hypercapnic exposure. Pulmonary ventilation (VE: , plethysmograph) was measured before and after unilateral microinjection (100 nL) of WAY-100635 (5-HT(1A) antagonist, 5.6 and 56 mM), 8-OHDPAT (5-HT(1A/7) agonist, 7 and 15 mM), Ketanserin (5-HT(2A) antagonist, 3.7 and 37 mM), or (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetaminehydrochloride (DOI; 5-HT(2A) agonist, 6.7 and 67 mM) into the LC, followed by a 60-min period of 7% CO(2) exposure. Hypercapnia increased 5-HTIAA levels and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio within the LC. WAY-100635 and 8-OHDPAT intra-LC decreased the hypercapnic ventilatory response due to a lower tidal volume. Ketanserin increased CO(2) drive to breathing and DOI caused the opposite response, both acting on tidal volume. The current results provide evidence of increased 5-HT release during hypercapnia in the LC and that 5-HT presents an inhibitory modulation of the stimulatory role of LC on hypercapnic ventilatory response, acting through postsynaptic 5-HT(2A) receptors in this nucleus. In addition, hypercapnic responses seem to be also regulated by presynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors in the LC.
de Souza Moreno
Vanessa
V
Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, São Paulo State University-UNESP FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
Bícego
Kênia C
KC
Szawka
Raphael E
RE
Anselmo-Franci
Janete A
JA
Gargaglioni
Luciane H
LH
D017371:8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000378:metabolism; D019329:Idazoxan / Q000494:pharmacology; D007650:Ketanserin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008125:Locus Coeruleus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A / Q000378:metabolism; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A / Q000378:metabolism; D012119:Respiration; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D058825:Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists; D058829:Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists; D058826:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists; D058830:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology
D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000662:Amphetamines; D010879:Piperazines; D011725:Pyridines; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; D058825:Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists; D058829:Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists; D058826:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists; D058830:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A; D012701:Serotonin; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; C090413:N-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide; D017371:8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin; D007650:Ketanserin; C015952:4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine; D019329:Idazoxan