Krill oil supplementation increases plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in overweight and obese men and women.
Antarctic krill, also known as Euphausia superba, is a marine crustacean rich in both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We tested the hypothesis that krill oil would increase plasma concentrations of EPA and DHA without adversely affecting indicators of safety, tolerability, or selected metabolic parameters. In this randomized, double-blind parallel arm trial, overweight and obese men and women (N = 76) were randomly assigned to receive double-blind capsules containing 2 g/d of krill oil, menhaden oil, or control (olive) oil for 4 weeks. Results showed that plasma EPA and DHA concentrations increased significantly more (P < .001) in the krill oil (178.4 +/- 38.7 and 90.2 +/- 40.3 micromol/L, respectively) and menhaden oil (131.8 +/- 28.0 and 149.9 +/- 30.4 micromol/L, respectively) groups than in the control group (2.9 +/- 13.8 and -1.1 +/- 32.4 micromol/L, respectively). Systolic blood pressure declined significantly more (P < .05) in the menhaden oil (-2.2 +/- 2.0 mm Hg) group than in the control group (3.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg), and the response in the krill oil group (-0.8 +/- 1.4 mm Hg) did not differ from the other 2 treatments. Blood urea nitrogen declined in the krill oil group as compared with the menhaden oil group (P < .006). No significant differences for other safety variables were noted, including adverse events. In conclusion, 4 weeks of krill oil supplementation increased plasma EPA and DHA and was well tolerated, with no indication of adverse effects on safety parameters.
Maki
Kevin C
KC
Provident Clinical Research, Bloomington, IN 47403, USA; Provident Clinical Research, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, USA. kmaki@providentcrc.com
Reeves
Mathew S
MS
Farmer
Mildred
M
Griinari
Mikko
M
Berge
Kjetil
K
Vik
Hogne
H
Hubacher
Rachel
R
Rains
Tia M
TM
D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D033201:Euphausiacea / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D000069463:Olive Oil; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
D004041:Dietary Fats; D005395:Fish Oils; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; C033266:Menhaden oil; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid