title: Radiation-induced damage to microstructure of parotid gland: evaluation using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the radiation-induced damage to the microstructure of the parotid gland using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the parotid gland was performed before radiotherapy (RT) and during the RT period or < or =3 weeks after RT completion for 12 head-and-neck cancer patients using a 1.5-T scanner with a microscopy coil. The maximal cross-sectional area of the gland was evaluated, and changes in the internal architecture of the gland were assessed both visually and quantitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Magnetic resonance images were obtained at a median parotid gland dose of 36 Gy (range, 11-64). According to the quantitative analysis, the maximal cross-sectional area of the gland was reduced, the width of the main duct was narrowed, and the intensity ratio of the main duct lumen to background was significantly decreased after RT (p <.0001). According to the visual assessment, the width of the main duct tended to narrow and the contrast of the duct lumen tended to be decreased, but no significant differences were noted. The visibility of the duct branches was unclear in 10 patients (p = .039), and the septum became dense in 11 patients (p = .006) after RT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive method of evaluating radiation-induced changes to the internal architecture of the parotid gland. Morphologic changes in the irradiated parotid gland were demonstrated during the RT course even when a relatively small dose was delivered to the gland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan. tkan@grape.med.tottori-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kodani
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Michimoto
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology