title: Biolabeling with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid derivatives: the 2,4-D tag.
abstract: Many bioanalytic and diagnostic procedures rely on labels with which the molecule of interest can be tracked in or discriminated from accompanying like substances. Herein, we describe a new labeling and detection system based on derivatives of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and anti-2,4-D antibodies. The 2,4-D system is highly sensitive with a K(D) of 7 x 10(-11) M for the hapten-antibody pair, can be used on a large variety of biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, is not hampered by endogenous backgrounds because 2,4-D is a xenobiotic, and is robust because 2,4-D is a very stable compound that withstands the conditions of most reactions usually performed on biomolecules. With this unique blend of properties, the 2,4-D system compares favorably with its rivals digoxigenin (DIG)/anti-DIG and biotin/(strept)avidin and provides an interesting and powerful tool in biomolecular labeling.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 22, 23845 Borstel, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bade
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Röckendorf
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franek
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Gorris
authors.forename: Buko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Olivier
authors.forename: Klaus-Jürgen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Schaper
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frey
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000588:Amines / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D003856:Deoxyuracil Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004777:Environment; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D051379:Mice; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003856:Deoxyuracil Nucleotides; D011506:Proteins; C027078:deoxyuridine triphosphate; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004247:DNA