title: A refrigeration temperature of 4 degrees C does not prevent static growth of Yersinia pestis in heart infusion broth.
abstract: Multiple barriers such as inspections, testing, and proper storage conditions are used to minimize the risk of contaminated food. Knowledge of which barriers, such as refrigeration, are effective in preventing pathogen growth and persistence, can help direct the focus of efforts during food sampling. In this study, the doubling times were evaluated for 10 strains of Yersinia pestis of different genetic background cultured in heart infusion broth (HIB) kept at 4 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C under static conditions. Nine out of the 10 strains were able to grow at 4 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C. Apparent doubling times for 7 of the strains ranged from 41 to 50 h. Strain Harbin and strain D1 had apparent doubling times of 65 and 35 h, respectively, and strain O19 Ca-6 did not grow at all. Analysis of variance showed that the averaged growth data (colony forming units per mL) between strains that grew were not significantly different. The data presented here demonstrate that refrigeration alone is not an effective barrier to prevent static growth of Y. pestis in HIB. These findings provide the preliminary impetus to investigate Y. pestis growth in a variety of food matrices that may provide a similar environment as HIB.
authors.affiliation: Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center, Food and Drug Administration Winchester, MA 01890, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Torosian
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doran
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Margolin
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D012034:Refrigeration; D013997:Time Factors; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media