title: Insulin resistance is not coupled with defective insulin secretion in primary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increased frequency of both impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), thus we sought to investigate insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in a large series of pHPT patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-two consecutive pHPT patients without known DM were investigated [age (mean +/- sd) 59.3 +/- 13.6 years, body mass index (BMI) 25.7 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2); serum calcium 2.8 +/- 0.25 mmol/l; PTH 203.2 +/- 145.4 ng/l]. Sixty-one control subjects were matched, according to the degree of glucose tolerance, in a 2 : 1 patient:control ratio. Fasting- and oral glucose tolerance test-derived estimates of insulin sensitivity and secretion were determined by means of the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) composite.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the QUICKI and ISI composite were lower in pHPT patients than control subjects (P < 0.03 and P < 0.05, respectively) after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure and BMI. Conversely, all insulin secretion estimates were significantly increased in pHPT patients than in control subjects (P < 0.04 and P < 0.03, respectively) and after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure and BMI. Log serum calcium levels were negatively associated with the QUICKI and log ISI composite (R = -0.30, P = 0.001; R = -0.23, P = 0.020, respectively) in pHPT patients. Serum calcium levels significantly and independently contributed to impaired insulin sensitivity in multivariate analysis (QUICKI as dependent variable: beta = -0.31, P = 0.004, R(2) = 0.15; log ISI composite as dependent variable: beta = -0.29, P = 0.005, R(2) = 0.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirms a reduction in both basal and stimulated insulin sensitivity in primary hyperparathyroidism, in spite of increased insulin secretion. Moreover, our data show for the first time a significant relationship between hypercalcaemia and insulin sensitivity in this condition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy. francesco.tassone@gmail.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tassone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Procopio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gianotti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Visconti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terzolo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borretta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D049950:Hyperparathyroidism, Primary / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin