title: Differential expression profiling between atypical teratoid/rhabdoid and medulloblastoma tumor in vitro and in vivo using microarray analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) and medulloblastoma (MB) are the most malignant primary brain tumors in early childhood. AT/RT is frequently misdiagnosed as primitive neuroectodermal tumor/medulloblastoma. The biological features and clinical outcomes of AT/RT and MB are extremely different. In this study, we used microarray as a platform to distinguish these two tumors with the definitive diagnostic marker as well as the profiling of expression genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to clarify the pathogenesis and find the biological markers for AT/RT, we established a derivative AT/RT primary cell culture. The differential profiling between AT/RT and MB were analyzed by using microarray method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the use of the microarray method, we demonstrated that 15 genes were significantly changed (at least 5-fold in upregulation and 1/5-fold in downregulation) between AT/RT and MB in tissues and cell lines. The quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses further confirmed that mRNA expression levels of SERPINI1 and osteopontin were highly expressed in AT/RT cells and tissues than those in MB. Importantly, our microarray result suggested that AT/RT presents the stemness-like pattern and expression profiling of embryonic stem cells as well as high mRNA expressions of Oct-4, Nanog, Sox-2, and c-Myc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated the differential gene expression profiling between AT/RT and MB. Based on the microarray findings, AT/RTs present embryonic stem-like gene recapitulation and further provide novel insights into their underlying biology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. uf004693@mail2000.com.tw
authors.forename: Hsin-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Chung-Lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Yi-Yen
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Guang-Yuh
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Lung-Kuo
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Kai-Hsi
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chi-Shuan
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yi-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shih-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Ing-Chan
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Tai-Tong
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018335:Rhabdoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013724:Teratoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger