title: Analysis of changes in the viability and gene expression profiles of human mesenchymal stromal cells over time.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because of their ability to differentiate and widespread availability, human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) are often used as a clinical therapeutic tool. However, the factors that determine the quality and viability of hMSC are not well understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the viability of hMSC over time using flow cytometry analysis (FACS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine if morphologic changes occurred in hMSC. In addition, we conducted gene expression prof ling using an Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FACS analysis revealed that 83% and 76% of the cells were viable in sterilized phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. TEM data revealed that the total number of cells with healthy chromatins or a few cytosolic vacuoles was significantly reduced over time. We then conducted gene expression profiling using a microarray, which revealed changes in the expression of 2949 functional genes. Specifically, among the total of 50,000 gene probes evaluated, the expression levels of apoptosis and stress-related genes were significantly increased over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that the viability of hMSC decreases after disassociation from the culture dish and time is an essential factor when considering hMSC as a potential source for stem cell-based direct transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wooyoung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Man Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Soo Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Young Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Kiho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jeong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sangdun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Gwang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002469:Cell Separation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology