title: Quantitative evaluation of cone-beam computed tomography in target volume definition for offline image-guided radiation therapy of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantitatively evaluate cone-beam CT (CBCT) in target volume definition in an offline image guidance environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients each with five helical CTs (HCT) and eight CBCTs were included. A single physician manually delineated prostate and seminal vesicles (SVs) on each CT. The clinical target volume (CTV) was prostate for low risk group (G1), plus SVs for intermediate risk group (G2). The internal target volumes (ITVs) on CBCT (ITV(CBCT)) were constructed and compared with ITV(HCT). The following comparisons were performed: CTV and ITV in HCT and CBCT; similarity of ITVs using overlap index (OI); surface differences between ITVs; quality assurance of ITV(CBCT) using CTV from weekly CBCT; and dosimetric evaluations of ITV(HCT) coverage on plans from ITV(CBCT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistical significant difference of CTV or ITV. The ITV OIs were 91%/88% for G1/G2 patients. They improved significantly with 1-2mm margins. Therefore, the ITVs were mostly within 2mm. The CTVs from weekly CBCT had >95% overlap with ITV(CBCT). The ITV dose differences (D(95), and D(mean)) were <0.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is feasible to use CBCT for target definition in offline image guidance, thereby eliminating the separate helical CT scan process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Weihu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiuwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome