title: Validation of a survey instrument to evaluate students' learning during community-based advanced pharmacy practice experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and validate a preceptor/student self-report survey instrument to distinguish between different advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) models based on pharmaceutical care competencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey instrument's psychometric properties and differential impacts of 3 community-based APPE models were evaluated retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five dimensions characterized APPE learning: importance of 14 pharmaceutical care competencies; agreement with pharmaceutical care procedures in practice; gains in perceived pharmaceutical care abilities; and learning climate and preceptor support. Most of the survey instrument scales detected student/preceptor differences as well as differences in APPE model structures. A streamlined, 30-item short form was validated against the full 78-item survey instrument.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that APPE learning can be quantified to: (1) identify high-risk students, (2) train new or continuing preceptors, (3) promote skills-training for select pharmaceutical care competencies, (4) add clarity and structure to APPE learning objectives, and (5) provide students and preceptors with common frameworks for negotiating the APPE experience.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3. rokassam@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Rosemin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kassam
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D003162:Competency-Based Education / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D003625:Data Collection; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D017145:Models, Educational; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011231:Preceptorship / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012650:Self Disclosure; D013339:Students, Pharmacy