title: Assessment of hip abductor muscle strength. A validity and reliability study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hip abductors are the most important muscles around the hip joint. It is therefore essential to assess their function in a valid and reliable way. Since the optimal body posture for the assessment of hip abductor strength is unknown, we tested the validity and reliability of unilateral hip abductor strength assessment in three different body positions. We hypothesized that the validity would be better in the side-lying position because of the consistent stabilization of the contralateral (untested) hip.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy subjects participated in two identical testing sessions. Unilateral isometric hip abductor muscle strength was measured, with use of a stabilized commercial dynamometer, with the subject in the side-lying, supine, and standing positions. Construct validity was based on concomitant recordings of gluteus medius electromyographic activity from the tested and contralateral hips. The body position permitting greater muscle activation and abductor strength on the tested hip, while minimizing muscle activation in the contralateral hip (that is, lower contralateral-to-tested electromyographic ratio), was considered the most valid. Coefficients of variation, the Bland and Altman limits of agreement, and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to determine test-retest reliability of hip abductor strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximal hip abductor strength was significantly higher in the side-lying position compared with the standing and supine positions (p < 0.05). The contralateral-to-tested electromyographic ratio for the side-lying position was significantly lower than that for the supine and the standing position (p < 0.01). Test-retest reliability of strength measurements in terms of coefficients of variation (3.7% for side-lying, 6.1% for supine, and 4.2% for standing) and limits of agreement (+/-6.9% for side-lying, +/-8.4% for supine, and +/-7.5% for standing) was better in the side-lying position. All intraclass correlation coefficients were high to moderate (0.90 for side-lying, 0.83 for supine, and 0.88 for standing).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The side-lying body position offers the most valid and reliable assessment of unilateral hip abductor strength.
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Schulthess Clinic, Lengghalde 2, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Katharina S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Widler
authors.forename: Julia F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Glatthorn
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bizzini
authors.forename: Franco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Impellizzeri
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Munzinger
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leunig
authors.forename: Nicola A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Maffiuletti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006615:Hip; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results