title: Childhood sexual abuse as a predictor of birth-related posttraumatic stress and postpartum posttraumatic stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the extent to which childbirth may function as a retraumatization of childhood sexual abuse, and may exacerbate postpartum posttraumatic stress reactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was obtained from a convenience sample of 837 women in mid-pregnancy, at 2 and 6 months following childbirth. Three groups were drawn from this sample: women who experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA), women survivors of trauma other than CSA, and women who reported no-trauma experiences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTSD subcategories of intrusion and arousal were increased in the CSA group following childbirth, although the overall PTSD score did not increase following childbirth in any of the groups CSA survivors scored higher at all data collection time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSA is a traumatic event that has greater negative long-term effects than other traumas in the population of pregnant women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identifying women who are survivors of CSA early in their pregnancy and establishing a risk assessment may significantly reduce delivery complications and consequently mitigate postpartum PTS outcomes.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Hacarmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lev-Wiesel
authors.forename: Shir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daphna-Tekoah
authors.forename: Mordechai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007557:Israel; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult