Validating the children's medicines use questionnaire (CMUQ) in Australia.
OBJECTIVE
To pilot test the validity and reliability of the English version of the Children's Medicines Questionnaire (CMUQ) and to explore the attitudes of Australian caregivers towards the use of medicines in children.


METHODS
Survey of Australian parents and primary care givers of children 0-15 years.


METHODS
The questionnaire was translated from Finnish to English then back-translated to ensure semantic equivalence. A total of 153 parents/main caregiver of a child aged 0-15 years were recruited via convenience sampling. Construct validity of the attitudinal section of the CMUQ was performed using exploratory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient as a marker of internal consistency. Three focus groups were conducted to explore participants' attitudes towards medicating children and to triangulate quantitative data.


METHODS
Construct validity and internal reliability of the CMUQ.


RESULTS
Factor analysis generated a parsimonious four factor solution explaining 50% of variance in the data. The four subscales representing the four factor solution each returned a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient >0.6, indicating good internal consistency. Participants in focus groups were satisfied with the structure and content of the questionnaire. There were 5 emergent themes through focus group discussions with parents and primary care givers of children, regarding the perception of medicines use in children. These included, 'concerns about the negative effects of medicines', 'medicines are useful, necessary and safe in treating illnesses in children', 'the body's natural processes are sufficient in fighting illness', 'over the counter medicines are effective and useful in treating illness', 'perception of alternative medicines use in children'.


CONCLUSIONS
The CMUQ is a valid and reliable tool to measure parents' medicine use for their children in an Australian sample. Although small modifications should be made, this instrument will be valuable in informing the development of medicines information for this cohort in the future.
Halim
Michelle
M
Discipline of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Sydney, Room N371, Building A15, Science Road, Camperdown Campus, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Vincent
Heather
H
Saini
Bandana
B
Hämeen-Anttila
Katri
K
Vainio
Kirsti
K
Moles
Rebekah
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging; D001315:Australia; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003258:Consumer Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012646:Self Administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D055553:Prescription Drugs