title: Clinical methodologies for achieving primary dental implant stability: the effects of alveolar bone density.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors conducted a literature review to determine the effects of local alveolar bone density on clinical techniques designed to achieve primary implant stability.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reviewed articles in the literature that addressed attaining primary stability of dental implants. They combined their findings with their own clinical experiences to produce the information provided in this article.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors present practical information regarding bone density to delineate for clinicians instances in which modifications of the drilling protocol are needed. They also correlate measures to enhance primary stability with the alveolar bone density at the implantation site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To enhance primary implant stability, modifications of the drilling protocol are necessary in different bone densities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York City, NY, USA. DocSamurai@si.rr.com
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Greenstein
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Greenstein
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D015519:Bone Density; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D016348:Osseointegration
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants