title: HIV/hepatitis B virus co-infection: current challenges and new strategies.
abstract: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which affects 7%-10% of HIV-infected patients, is associated with an increased frequency of AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related clinical endpoints, such as end-stage liver diseases including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Broad access to a very efficient antiviral therapy containing nucleos(t)ide analogues with dual activity against HBV and HIV reverse transcriptases has initiated a transition in the paradigm of HBV control in the context of HIV-induced immunosuppression. The control of viral replication is not currently such a problem, but preventing the emergence of HBV polymerase and surface gene mutants after prolonged exposure to nucleos(t)ides and their consequences in terms of HBV vaccine escape are the next long-term challenges. Another challenge is the prevention of end-stage liver disease in an ageing population, in whom non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis, although used more frequently as a substitute for liver biopsy, are not the panacea. Finally, access to prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment of HBV infection remains a major issue in developing countries, including most regions of Africa and Asia, where HBV is endemic and the epidemic of HIV infection is still thriving.
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR-S, Paris, France. karine.lacombe@sat.aphp.fr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lacombe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bottero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemoine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Girard
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001208:Asia; D019090:Case Management; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D048550:Hepatic Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents