[Cross-talk between heart and kidney--mechanisms and management of the cardiorenal syndrome from a nephrologists view].
Renal dysfunction represents a frequent comorbidity in patients with in chronic heart failure and is not only a strong predictor of mortality, but also causally linked to the development and progression of CHF. Mechanisms involved in the cross-talk between the kidney and the heart include the up-regulated sympathetic nerve system, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, vasopressin release and decreased activity of arterial baroreceptors and natriuretic peptides resulting in abnormal salt and water retention. The main therapeutic goals for patients with the so-called cardiorenal syndrome is the normalization of volume status while avoiding overdiuresis and renal dysfunction as well as the implementation of an evidence-based pharmacologic treatment to improve patient outcome. If these two goals are not achieved with conventional therapy, renal replacement therapy should be discussed in an interdisciplinary approach. All current renal replacement techniques have proved to be useful in controlling hypervolemia and ameliorating functional cardiac parameters and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Nevertheless, the influence of renal replacement therapy on long-term survival of affected patients has not been addressed in large controlled studies.
Farese
Stefan
S
Universitätsklinik für Nephrologie und Hypertonie, Inselspital, Bern. Stefan.Farese@insel.ch
D015897:Comorbidity; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy