title: Impact of resident well-being and empathy on assessments of faculty physicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Teaching effectiveness is an important criterion for promoting clinician-educators. However, the relationship between residents' psychological characteristics and their assessments of faculty physicians is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether residents' well-being and empathy influenced their assessments of faculty physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 1,191 assessments of 356 faculty physicians by 209 internal medicine residents at a large academic medical center from 2007 to 2008. A repeated measures design with multivariate generalized estimating equations was used to evaluate associations between resident well-being and empathy, and residents' assessments of faculty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resident surveys included standardized measures of quality of life, burnout, depression, and empathy. Residents assessed faculty members' teaching performance with a validated 16-item instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  149 residents (71%) provided well-being, empathy, and assessment data. In multivariate models, faculty assessments from the previous year were the strongest predictor of current resident-of-faculty assessment scores. Residents' Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE) scores were also associated with faculty assessments (beta = 0.0063, 95% CI = 0.0018-0.0108; p = .0061). On this 140-point, 20-item scale, a 10-point increase in empathy correlated with a 0.063-point increase in residents' assessments of faculty on a 5-point scale. There were no significant associations between residents' assessments of faculty and quality of life, burnout, or depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that residents' well-being does not influence their assessments of faculty physicians, thus supporting the trustworthiness of these assessments as a criterion for promoting clinician-educators. However, the association between residents' empathy and resident-of-faculty assessments suggests that faculty assessments may be modestly influenced by residents' intrinsic characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. Beckman.Thomas@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.forename: Darcy A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Tait D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Shanafelt
authors.forename: Colin P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003625:Data Collection / Q000592:standards; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000592:standards*; D004645:Empathy; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards*