title: Derivation and validation of murine histologic alterations resembling asthma, with two proposed histologic grade parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective was to define murine histologic alterations resembling asthma in a BALB/c OVA model and to suggest grading criteria. Identified were six salient histologic findings in lungs with putative allergic inflammation: 1) bronchoarterial space inflammation; 2) peri-venular inflammation; 3) inflammation about amuscular blood vessels; 4) inter-alveolar space inflammation, not about capillaries; 5) pleural inflammation; and 6) eosinophils within the inflammatory aggregates. An initial study comprised six groups of twelve mice each: 1) stressed, control; 2) stressed, sensitized; 3) stressed, challenged; 4) not physically stressed, control; 5) not physically stressed, sensitized; 6) not physically stressed, challenged. A second study comprised four experimental groups of twenty mice each: 1) stressed, control; 2) stressed, challenged; 3) not physically stressed, control; 4) not physically stressed, challenged. A third study evaluated two grading criteria, 1) the proportion of non-tracheal respiratory passages with inflammatory aggregates and 2) mitoses in the largest two non-tracheal respiratory passages, in five groups of five mice each, evaluated at different times after the last exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first study suggested the six histological findings might reliably indicate the presence of alterations resembling asthma: whereas 82.4% of mice with a complete response had detectable interleukin (IL)-5, only 3.8% of mice without one did; whereas 77.8% of mice with a complete response were challenged mice, only 6.7% of mice without complete responses were. The second study revealed that the six histological findings provided a definition that was 97.4% sensitive and 100% specific. The third study found that the odds of a bronchial passage's having inflammation declined 1) when mitoses were present (OR = 0.73, 0.60 - 0.90), and 2) with one day increased time (OR = 0.75, 0.65 - 0.86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A definition of murine histologic alterations resembling asthma in the BALB/c OVA mouse was developed and validated. The definition will be of use in experiments involving this model to ensure that all mice said to have undergone an asthmatic attack did indeed reveal allergic pulmonary inflammation. Proposed grading criteria should be further evaluated with additional studies using physiologic measures of attack severity and increased airway resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA. mitchell.wachtel@ttuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Mitchell S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wachtel
authors.forename: Goutam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shome
authors.forename: Mhairi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McGlone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006652:Histological Techniques; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010047:Ovalbumin