title: Mathematics anxiety affects counting but not subitizing during visual enumeration.
abstract: Individuals with mathematics anxiety have been found to differ from their non-anxious peers on measures of higher-level mathematical processes, but not simple arithmetic. The current paper examines differences between mathematics anxious and non-mathematics anxious individuals in more basic numerical processing using a visual enumeration task. This task allows for the assessment of two systems of basic number processing: subitizing and counting. Mathematics anxious individuals, relative to non-mathematics anxious individuals, showed a deficit in the counting but not in the subitizing range. Furthermore, working memory was found to mediate this group difference. These findings demonstrate that the problems associated with mathematics anxiety exist at a level more basic than would be predicted from the extant literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. eamalone@artsmail.uwaterloo.ca
authors.forename: Erin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: Evan F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Risko
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fugelsang
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003210:Concept Formation; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011340:Problem Solving; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult