title: Lack of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and predominance of Alloiococcus otitidis in middle ear fluids of children with otitis media with effusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and other bacterial pathogens in middle ear effusion samples obtained from children with otitis media with effusion (OME).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight children (mean age 7.03; standard deviation 2.18) with OME unresponsive to medical therapy were included in the study. All of the children underwent ventilation tube insertion under general anesthesia. Eighteen patients were bilaterally affected whereas 10 children had unilateral disease. The middle ear fluids (46 samples in total) were collected during ventilation tube insertion, and were evaluated subsequently for the presence of C. pneumoniae and other bacterial pathogens using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although all samples were negative for C. pneumoniae, bacterial DNA was detected in 21 of 46 samples. Overall 40% of the patients (4/10) with unilateral involvement, and 61% of the patients (11/18) with bilateral involvement were positive for bacterial DNA. In 6 patients with bilateral OME bilateral samples were positive, whereas 5 patients with bilateral OME showed only unilateral positivity. According to the results of DNA sequencing analysis, all of the positive samples harbored only one bacterial species. In 12 of 46 samples Alloiococcus otitidis DNA (26%), in 7 Haemophilus influenzae DNA (15%), in one Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA (2%) and in one Moraxella catarrhalis DNA (2%) were present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support that C. pneumoniae does not seem to have a role in OME in children whereas A. otitidis was found to be more frequent than the other common pathogens. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact pathogenetic role of these microorganisms in OME.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Bilim University, Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Turkey. guvencmg@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Melih Güven
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Güvenç
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Midilli
authors.forename: Ender
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Inci
authors.forename: Mert
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuşkucu
authors.forename: Rauf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tahamiler
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozergil
authors.forename: Sevgi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ergin
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ada
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Altaş
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial