title: Up-regulation of survivin by the E2A-HLF chimera is indispensable for the survival of t(17;19)-positive leukemia cells.
abstract: The E2A-HLF fusion transcription factor generated by t(17;19)(q22;p13) translocation is found in a small subset of pro-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) and promotes leukemogenesis by substituting for the antiapoptotic function of cytokines. Here we show that t(17;19)+ ALL cells express Survivin at high levels and that a dominant negative mutant of E2A-HLF suppresses Survivin expression. Forced expression of E2A-HLF in t(17;19)(-) leukemia cells up-regulated Survivin expression, suggesting that Survivin is a downstream target of E2A-HLF. Analysis using a counterflow centrifugal elutriator revealed that t(17;19)+ ALL cells express Survivin throughout the cell cycle. Reporter assays revealed that E2A-HLF induces survivin expression at the transcriptional level likely through indirect down-regulation of a cell cycle-dependent cis element in the promoter region. Down-regulation of Survivin function by a dominant negative mutant of Survivin or reduction of Survivin expression induced massive apoptosis throughout the cell cycle in t(17;19)+ cells mainly through caspase-independent pathways involving translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus. AIF knockdown conferred resistance to apoptosis caused by down-regulation of Survivin function. These data indicated that reversal of AIF translocation by Survivin, which is induced by E2A-HLF throughout the cell cycle, is one of the key mechanisms in the protection of t(17;19)+ leukemia cells from apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuya
authors.forename: Hidemitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aki
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inukai
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Altura
authors.forename: Kenich
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arisaka
authors.forename: A Thomas
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Look
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inaba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D015452:Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D054448:Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077022:Survivin; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D020169:Caspases; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; C490671:HLF protein, human; C407909:TCF3 protein, human