title: Cooperation between non-kin in animal societies.
abstract: Explanations of cooperation between non-kin in animal societies often suggest that individuals exchange resources or services and that cooperation is maintained by reciprocity. But do cooperative interactions between unrelated individuals in non-human animals really resemble exchanges or are they a consequence of simpler mechanisms? Firm evidence of reciprocity in animal societies is rare and many examples of cooperation between non-kin probably represent cases of intra-specific mutualism or manipulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB3 9EJ, UK. thcb@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clutton-Brock
mesh_terms: D000533:Altruism; D000818:Animals; D032763:Behavior Control; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D056084:Genetic Fitness; D008954:Models, Biological; D011235:Predatory Behavior