title: Sorption characteristics of atrazine and imazethapyr in soils of new zealand: importance of independently determined sorption data.
abstract: We investigated sorption characteristics of two commonly used herbicides, atrazine and imazethapyr, in 101 soils with allophanic and non-allophanic clays of New Zealand using the batch equilibration technique. Soil properties, such as organic carbon (OC) content, texture, pH, amount and type of clay, and cation-exchange capacity (CEC), were tested against the sorption coefficients (Kd) of these herbicides. There was a wide variation in the sorption affinities of the soils, as the Kd values of atrazine and imazethapyr ranged from 0.7 to 52.1 and from 0.1 to 11.3 L kg(-1), respectively. For atrazine, the sorption affinities for the allophanic set of soils (mean Kd of 8.5 L kg(-1)) were greater than for the non-allophanic set of soils (mean Kd of 7.5 L kg(-1)). However, no effect of allophanic status was found for imazethapyr sorption (mean Kd of 0.82 and 0.76 L kg(-1) for allophanic and non-allophanic, respectively). None of the measured soil properties could alone explain adequately the sorption behavior of the herbicides. The variation of OC soil sorption coefficients, Koc, was also larger for atrazine (mean Koc of 126.9 L kg(-1)) than for imazethapyr (mean Koc of 13.2 L kg(-1)). The prediction equations for atrazine and imazethapyr developed overseas failed to provide the acceptable values of sorption coefficients for the soils of New Zealand. The study highlights the danger of using sorption coefficient data from the literature for practical assessments of the herbicide leaching in New Zealand soils.
authors.affiliation: AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, East Street, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand. shriaz93@yahoo.co.nz
authors.forename: Riaz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Anis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D001280:Atrazine / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077215:Clay; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry*; D009520:New Zealand; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D006540:Herbicides; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D012987:Soil; C093630:imazethapyr; D001280:Atrazine; D000077215:Clay