title: Air pollution, obesity, genes and cellular adhesion molecules.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Particulate matter has been associated with acute cardiovascular outcomes, but our understanding of the mechanism is incomplete. We examined the association between particulate matter and cell adhesion molecules. We also investigated the modifying effect of genotype and phenotype variation to gain insight into the relevant biological pathways for this association.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used mixed regression models to examine the association of PM(2.5) (particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in diameter) and black carbon with serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1), markers of endothelial function and inflammation, in a longitudinal study of 809 participants in the Normative Ageing Study (1819 total observations). We also examined whether this association was modified by genotype, obesity or diabetes status. Genes selected for analyses were either related to oxidative stress, endothelial function, lipid metabolism or metal processing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Black carbon during the 2 days prior to blood draw was significantly associated with increased sVCAM-1 (4.5% increase per 1 microg/m(3), 95% CI 1.1 to 8.0). Neither pollutant was associated with sICAM-1. Larger effects of black carbon on sVCAM were seen in subjects with obesity (p=0.007) and who were GSTM1 null (p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Black carbon is associated with markers of endothelial function and inflammation. Genes related to oxidative defence may modify this association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. jmadriga@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madrigano
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baccarelli
authors.forename: Robert O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sparrow
authors.forename: Pantel S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Vokonas
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D010641:Phenotype; D012044:Regression Analysis; D053260:Soot / Q000633:toxicity*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D052638:Particulate Matter; D053260:Soot; C076668:AOC3 protein, human