title: The adjunctive use of power Doppler imaging in the preoperative assessment of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the adjunctive use of power Doppler imaging (PDI) could provide prognostic utility in the treatment of prostate cancer, as an accurate prediction of the clinical behaviour of prostate cancer is important to determine appropriate treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Most centres rely on a digital rectal examination or transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) to assess the clinical stage of patients. In 2002, we began using a standardized form to evaluate TRUS findings and PDI findings. We compared preoperative clinical findings with those from pathological analysis of 620 radical prostatectomy specimens from 2002 to 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (sd) patient age was 58 (6.6) years with a mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 7.0 (4.5) ng/mL. Of the 620 specimens 157 (25.3%) had evidence of extracapsular extension on pathological evaluation; 443 (71.5%) men had a hypervascular lesion seen on TRUS, while 177 (28.5%) patients had none. There was no difference in preoperative PSA level, grade or stage of tumour. Furthermore, rates of biochemical recurrence or secondary treatment did not differ based on PDI findings. As a tool to help locate prostate tumours, PDI improved the specificity of TRUS but did not improve the overall accuracy or sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDI provides little prognostic utility to assess risk in prostate cancer. However, PDI might improve the specificity of TRUS in identifying prostate tumours and could have a role in image guidance for focal therapy of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, Hellen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA. meisenberg@urology.ucsf.edu <meisenberg@urology.ucsf.edu>
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Katsuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinohara
mesh_terms: D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen