title: The prevalence of common mental disorders and PTSD in the UK military: using data from a clinical interview-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mental health of the Armed Forces is an important issue of both academic and public interest. The aims of this study are to: a) assess the prevalence and risk factors for common mental disorders and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, during the main fighting period of the Iraq War (TELIC 1) and later deployments to Iraq or elsewhere and enlistment status (regular or reserve), and b) compare the prevalence of depression, PTSD symptoms and suicidal ideation in regular and reserve UK Army personnel who deployed to Iraq with their US counterparts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were drawn from a large UK military health study using a standard two phase survey technique stratified by deployment status and engagement type. Participants undertook a structured telephone interview including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and a short measure of PTSD (Primary Care PTSD, PC-PTSD). The response rate was 76% (821 participants).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The weighted prevalence of common mental disorders and PTSD symptoms was 27.2% and 4.8%, respectively. The most common diagnoses were alcohol abuse (18.0%) and neurotic disorders (13.5%). There was no health effect of deploying for regular personnel, but an increased risk of PTSD for reservists who deployed to Iraq and other recent deployments compared to reservists who did not deploy. The prevalence of depression, PTSD symptoms and subjective poor health were similar between regular US and UK Iraq combatants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common mental disorders in the UK military are alcohol abuse and neurotic disorders. The prevalence of PTSD symptoms remains low in the UK military, but reservists are at greater risk of psychiatric injury than regular personnel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, King's Centre for Military Health Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RJ, UK. A.Iversen@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Staden
authors.forename: Jamie Hacker
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Tess
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Roberto J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rona
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hotopf
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wessely
authors.forename: Nicola T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Fear
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology