Toxicological evaluation of diesel emissions on A549 cells.
To evaluate the health effects of diesel emissions (DE) using an in vitro experiment, A549 cells were exposed to emission from a diesel engine on an engine dynamo, using a culture-cell-exposure device. Three groups were set according to cell exposure to high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and/or nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)). The emissions of each group was dilution rate 1:100 and 1:10, and PM was 0.8mg/m(3) and/or NO(2) was 80ppm at dilution rate 1:10. After 1h, exposed cells were analyzed for cell viability and gene expression. Fifty percent of cell viability in the high-PM/high-NO(2) exposure group occurred at a dilution rate of 1:14, based on the concentration of CO(2). Heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression significantly increased at 1:100 dilution of the high-PM/high-NO(2) group and 1:100 and 1:10 dilutions of the high-PM/low-NO(2) group, compared to background air. By DNA microarray, all gene expressions at a dilution rate of 1:10 in each group were observed to be higher than those at 1:100, and some cancer-related genes up-regulated. We concluded that screening methods for evaluating health effects could be established using this cell-exposure system because the effects of DE on A549 cells were shown by cell viability and gene expression.
Tsukue
Naomi
N
Energy and Environment Research Division, Japan Automobile Research Institute, Japan. ntsukue@jari.or.jp
Okumura
Hiroki
H
Ito
Tsuyoshi
T
Sugiyama
Gen
G
Nakajima
Toru
T
D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D003470:Culture Media; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
D003470:Culture Media; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D009609:Nitrous Oxide