title: Elevated expression levels of testis-specific genes TEX101 and SPATA19 in basal cell carcinoma and their correlation with clinical and pathological features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is characterized by a low rate of metastasis, slow growth and strong stroma dependency, with significant morbidity and public health burden. Cancer-testis (CT) genes are specifically expressed in normal testis, fetal ovary and different types of cancers. Testis immune privileged status makes CT genes promising candidates as cancer markers, vaccines and immunotherapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To find new CT genes as cancer markers and candidate genes for immunotherapy and to correlate pathological and clinical features with their expression in patients with BCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  By means of digital differential display, seven testis-specific genes were selected. Their expression patterns were analysed in 78 BCC and 15 normal skin samples using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Pathological and clinical characteristics were determined using appropriate methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SPATA19, TEX101, ODF1, ODF2 and ODF3 were expressed in 56.6%, 38.2%, 2.6%, 17.4% and 2.6% of BCCs but not in normal skin samples. ODF4 and PASD1 were not expressed in any BCC samples. TEX101 and SPATA19 expression in high-risk BCCs was higher than in low-risk tumours (P < 0.001). SPATA19 expression was correlated with a history of cancer radiotherapy (P < 0.001). Significant associations were found between expression of TEX101 with nodular subtype, ODF2 with infiltrating subtype, and ODF1 with tumours located on the neck. Among gene expressors, 42.1% co-expressed two genes and 5.3% co-expressed three genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report five new CT antigens, of which SPATA19 and TEX101 may be possible targets for cancer immunotherapy and novel markers for early detection of BCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghafouri-Fard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moslehi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Faramarzi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taba Taba Vakili
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mobasheri
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Modarressi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D052138:Genes, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D013737:Testis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C515845:PASD1 protein, human; C475607:SPATA19 protein, human; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins