title: Modeling the Arabidopsis seed shape by a cardioid: efficacy of the adjustment with a scale change with factor equal to the Golden Ratio and analysis of seed shape in ethylene mutants.
abstract: A new model for the description of Arabidopsis seed shape based on the comparison of the outline of its longitudinal section with a transformed cardioid is presented. The transformation consists of scaling the horizontal axis by a factor equal to the Golden Ratio. The elongated cardioid approximates the shape of the Arabidopsis seed with more accuracy than other figures. The length to width ratio in wild-type Columbia Arabidopsis dry seeds is close to the Golden Ratio and decreases over the course of imbibition. Dry seeds of etr1-1 mutants presented a reduced length to width ratio. Application of the new model based on the cardioid allows for comparison of shape between wild-type and mutant genotypes, revealing other general alterations in the seeds in ethylene signaling pathway mutants (etr1-1).
authors.affiliation: IRNASA - CSIC, Apartado 257, 37080 Salamanca, Spain. ecervant@usal.es
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cervantes
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Javier Martín
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ardanuy
authors.forename: Juana G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: de Diego
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tocino
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005838:Genotype; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D012639:Seeds / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; C036216:ethylene