title: Novel in vitro model for studying ureteric stent-induced cell injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a novel in vitro model for the study of bladder and kidney epithelial cell injury akin to stent movement, as ureteric stents are associated with urinary tract complications that can significantly add to patient morbidity. These sequelae may be linked to inflammation triggered by stent-mediated mechanical injury to the urinary tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  T24 bladder and A498 kidney cell line monolayers were damaged mechanically by segments of either Percuflex Plus (PP) or Triumph (triclosan-eluting) stents (both from Boston Scientific Corporation Inc. Natick, MA, USA) and the resulting expression profiles of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After control injury using the PP stent, supernatants of both cell lines had significantly increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor BB, and A498 cells also had increased tumour necrosis factor alpha. In almost all cases, the presence of triclosan within the media abrogated the pro-inflammatory cytokine increases, while its effects on growth factors varied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that stent-related symptoms in the bladder and kidney may be partially due to a local inflammatory response to epithelial damage caused by the presence and movement of the stent. Future stent design should take these inflammatory responses, with respect to physical injury, into consideration, using either more biocompatible materials or anti-inflammatory compounds such as triclosan.
authors.affiliation: Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Chelsea N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Elwood
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nadeau
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seney
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: Ben H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Denstedt
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cadieux
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines