title: Infusion of hypertonic saline/starch during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces fluid overload and may impact cardiac function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peri-operative fluid accumulation resulting in myocardial and pulmonary tissue edema is one possible mechanism behind post-operative cardiopulmonary dysfunction. This study aimed to confirm an improvement of cardiopulmonary function by reducing fluid loading during an open-heart surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine elective CABG patients were randomized to an intraoperative infusion of hypertonic saline/hydroxyethyl starch (HSH group) or Ringer's solution (CT group). Both groups received 1 ml/kg/h of the study solution for 4 h after baseline values were obtained (PICCO transpulmonary thermodilution technique). Net fluid balance (NFB), hemodynamic and laboratory parameters were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NFB was four times higher in the CT group compared with the HSH group during the first 6 h post-operatively. The total fluid gain until the next morning was lower in the HSH group, 2993.9 (938.6) ml, compared with the CT group, 4298.7 (1059.3) ml (P<0.001). Normalized values (i.e., %-changes from the baseline) of the cardiac index and the global end diastolic volume index increased post-operatively in both groups. Both parameters were significantly higher at 6 h in the HSH group compared with CT group (P=0.002 and 0.005, respectively). Normalized values of the intrathoracic blood volume index were lower in the HSH group at 6 h post-operatively when compared with the CT group. The PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio decreased similarly in both groups early post-operatively, but recovery tended to be more rapid in the HSH group. Although serum-sodium and serum-chloride levels were significantly higher in the HSH group, the acid-base parameters remained similar and within the normal range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An intraoperative infusion of HSH during cardiac surgery contributes to reduced fluid loading and an improvement in the post-operative cardiac performance. No adverse effects of the HSH infusion were observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Heart Disease, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Kvalheim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farstad
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Steien
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mongstad
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Borge
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kvitting
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Husby
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012996:Solutions; D013916:Thrombelastography
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D012996:Solutions