[Investigation of a family cluster of influenza A/H1N1 infections in Germany, 2009].
BACKGROUND
On May 3, 2009, a first case of influenza A/H1N1 infection occurred in the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. In order to stop the possible spread of the virus and to study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the infection, an investigation was launched by the local health authorities and the RKI.


METHODS
Standardised questionnaires were used to assess demographic and clinical data. Specimens were collected from case patients and close contacts and were analysed for influenza A/H1N1 using real-time PCR.


RESULTS
The index patient showed fever and coughing 3.5 days after returning from a holiday in Mexico. The local health authorities were informed on May 3, and measures were rapidly implemented. These measures included a trace-back of possible contact persons, isolation of the case and close contacts, prophylactic treatment with Oseltamivir. Virological investigations showed that the case shedded viral genome up until the last day of antiviral therapy. Viral genome was also detected in the spouse and the son of the patient. Both showed no symptoms under a prophylactic treatment with antiviral medication. No viral genome was detected in three other family members, and in six other contact persons outside of the family.


CONCLUSIONS
The spread of the virus was contained due to the fast response of the local health authorities. Two secondary cases occurred in the family. These cases remained asymptomatic, possibly due to antiviral prophylaxis. Epidemiological and virological results suggest that the influenza A/H1N1 virus has a longer incubation period and that viral shedding may probably be prolonged when compared with seasonal influenza.
Faber
M
M
Robert Koch-Institut, Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Berlin.
Christiansen
H
H
Kohlstock
C
C
Oppermann
H
H
Irmscher
H-M
HM
Willer
H
H
Schweiger
B
B
Dupke
S
S
Klee
S
S
Grunow
R
R
Haas
W
W
Buchholz
U
U
Süss
T
T
Krause
G
G
Jansen
A
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014195:Travel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult