title: Increased growth inhibitory effects on human cancer cells and anti-inflammatory potency of shogaols from Zingiber officinale relative to gingerols.
abstract: Ginger, the rhizome of the plant Zingiber officinale , has received extensive attention because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. Most researchers have considered gingerols as the active principles and have paid little attention to shogaols, the dehydration products of corresponding gingerols during storage or thermal processing. In this study, we have purified and identified eight major components, including three major gingerols and corresponding shogaols, from ginger extract and compared their anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Our results showed that shogaols ([6], [8], and [10]) had much stronger growth inhibitory effects than gingerols ([6], [8], and [10]) on H-1299 human lung cancer cells and HCT-116 human colon cancer cells, especially when comparing [6]-shogaol with [6]-gingerol (IC50 of approximately 8 versus approximately 150 microM). In addition, we found that [6]-shogaol had much stronger inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid release and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis than [6]-gingerol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8020, USA. ssang@nccu.edu
authors.forename: Shengmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.forename: Jungil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chung S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Min-Hsiung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Badmaev
authors.forename: Chi-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C040115:shogaol; C007845:gingerol