title: Escalating doses of donor lymphocytes for incipient graft rejection following SCT for thalassemia.
abstract: Mixed chimerism (MC) and secondary graft failure are frequent events following SCT for thalassemia. There is limited information regarding the outcome of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) to prevent rejection, mainly from case reports describing only successful cases. We describe a series of seven children affected by beta-thalassemia treated with escalating doses of DLI for level 2-3 MC (donor<90%) following myeloablative SCT from a matched family donor. The infusions were safe and no acute or chronic GVHD were documented; five patients experienced neutropenia and thrombocytopenia resolving spontaneously. DLI was successful in converting to full donor chimerism two patients stratified in the low-risk class (Pesaro class II). Conversely, for five high-risk patients, DLI was not effective in preventing secondary graft failure. This limited series suggests that escalating doses of DLI are safe in thalassemia patients post myeloablative therapy but efficacy may be jeopardized by rapidly growing anti-donor alloimmunity in high-risk patients. We suggest giving escalating doses of donor T cells to attempt a graft-versus-thalassemia as soon as level 2-3 MC is detected.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Frugnoli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cappelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biral
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noè
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Evangelio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fossati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciceri
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Roncarolo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marktel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019653:Myeloablative Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018183:Transplantation Chimera; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D019653:Myeloablative Agonists