title: A kilowatt pulsed 94 GHz electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer with high concentration sensitivity, high instantaneous bandwidth, and low dead time.
abstract: We describe a quasioptical 94 GHz kW pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer featuring pi/2 pulses as short as 5 ns and an instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz in nonresonant sample holders operating in induction mode and at low temperatures. Low power pulses can be as short as 200 ps and kilowatt pulses as short as 1.5 ns with timing resolution of a few hundred picoseconds. Phase and frequency can be changed on nanosecond time scales and complex high power pulse sequences can be run at repetition rates up to 80 kHz with low dead time. We demonstrate that the combination of high power pulses at high frequencies and nonresonant cavities can offer excellent concentration sensitivity for orientation selective pulsed electron double resonance (double electron-electron resonance), where we demonstrate measurements at 1 microM concentration levels.
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul A S
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cruickshank
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: Duncan A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wylde
authors.forename: Graham M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Smith