title: Antimicrobial efficiency of titanium dioxide-coated surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Development and evaluation of an antimicrobially active titanium dioxide coating.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For this purpose, titanium dioxide coatings were applied to glass slides by using a sol-gel method and then exposed to a light source. The antimicrobial efficiency was determined by a count reduction test for selected test strains (Aspergillus niger, Bacillus atrophaeus, Kocuria rhizophila), which were homogenously sprayed onto surface. The bacterial count of K. rhizophila was reduced by up to 3.3 log(10) on titanium dioxide samples within 4 h of UV-A light exposure. Experiments with spore formers did not lead to any significant log reduction. A further aspect of this work was to evaluate the effect of selected parameters (relative humidity, inoculation density, radiation intensity) on the antimicrobial efficiency to gain knowledge for further optimization procedures. At a high relative humidity (85% r.h.), increased inactivation was observed for K. rhizophila (up to 5.2 log(10)). Furthermore, a dependency of the antimicrobial effect on the radiation intensity and the inoculation density was identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antimicrobial surfaces and coatings based on titanium dioxide have the potential to effectively inactivate vegetative micro-organisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge about the antimicrobial efficiency of titanium dioxide was gained. This is a prerequisite for industrial applications to improve hygiene, food quality and safety.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany. peter.muranyi@ivv.fraunhofer.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muranyi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schraml
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wunderlich
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects*; D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium