title: The privileged brain representation of first olfactory associations.
abstract: Authors, poets, and scientists have been fascinated by the strength of childhood olfactory memories. Indeed, in long-term memory, the first odor-to-object association was stronger than subsequent associations of the same odor with other objects. Here we tested the hypothesis that first odor associations enjoy a privileged brain representation. Because emotion impacts memory, we further asked whether the pleasantness of an odor would influence such a representation. On day 1, we associated the same visual objects initially with one, and subsequently with a second, set of pleasant and unpleasant olfactory and auditory stimuli. One week later, we presented the same visual objects and tested odor-associative memory concurrent with functional magnetic resonance brain imaging. We found that the power (% remembered) of early associations was enhanced when they were unpleasant, regardless of whether they were olfactory or auditory. Brain imaging, however, revealed a unique hippocampal activation for early olfactory but not auditory associations, regardless of whether they were pleasant or unpleasant. Activity within the hippocampus on day 1 predicted the olfactory but not auditory associations that would be remembered one week later. These findings confirmed the hypothesis of a privileged brain representation for first olfactory associations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. yaara.yeshurun@weizmann.ac.il
authors.forename: Yaara
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yeshurun
authors.forename: Hadas
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lapid
authors.forename: Yadin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dudai
authors.forename: Noam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sobel
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D001244:Association; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009812:Odorants; D055696:Olfactory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors