title: Discoidin domain receptor-1 deficiency attenuates atherosclerotic calcification and smooth muscle cell-mediated mineralization.
abstract: Intimal calcification is a feature of advanced atherosclerotic disease that predicts a two- to eightfold increase in the risk of coronary events. Type I collagen promotes vascular smooth muscle cell-mediated calcification, although the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. The discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a collagen receptor that is emerging as a critical mediator of atherosclerosis. To determine whether DDR1 is involved in intimal calcification, we fed male Ddr1(-/-);Ldlr(-/-) and Ddr1(+/+);Ldlr(-/-) mice an atherogenic diet for 6, 12, or 24 weeks. DDR1 deficiency significantly reduced the calcium content of the aortic arch, and microcomputed tomography demonstrated a significant decrease in hydroxyapatite deposition after 24 weeks of atherogenic diet. Reduced calcification was correlated with decreases in macrophage accumulation and tumor necrosis factor alpha staining, suggesting that the reduction in calcification was in part due to decreased inflammation. The chondrogenic markers type II collagen, type X collagen, and Sox-9 were expressed within the mineralized foci. An in vitro assay performed with vascular smooth muscle cells revealed that DDR1 was required for cell-mediated calcification of the matrix, and Ddr1(+/+) smooth muscle cells expressed more alkaline phosphatase activity, whereas Ddr1(-/-) smooth muscle cells expressed elevated levels of mRNA for nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1, an inhibitor of tissue mineralization. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DDR1 mediates an important mechanism for atherosclerotic calcification.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trcka
authors.forename: Siming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Mei Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Speer
authors.forename: Cecilia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Giachelli
authors.forename: Michelle P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bendeck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000473:pathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D000070819:Discoidin Domain Receptor 1; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C083249:Ddr1 protein, mouse; D000070819:Discoidin Domain Receptor 1; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases