title: Endometriosis-induced alterations in mouse metaphase II oocyte microtubules and chromosomal alignment: a possible cause of infertility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of peritoneal fluid (PF) of patients with endometriosis on the cytoskeleton of metaphase II oocytes and correlate the results with the stage of endometriosis and the duration of infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Center for reproductive medicine at a tertiary-care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with endometriosis (n=23) and tubal ligation/reversal (n=15).
  
  
  METHODS
  Peritoneal fluid obtained from 38 women (23 with endometriosis and 15 tubal ligation/reversal) after laparoscopy. Four hundred metaphase II oocytes were used: 165 frozen metaphase II oocytes were incubated in the PF of patients with endometriosis, 135 oocytes incubated in the PF of nonendometriosis patients (control subjects) and 100 oocytes incubated in human tubal fluid (HTF) media.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spindle abnormalities (microtubule and chromosomal) were evaluated by confocal imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the endometriosis group, the cytoskeleton had a higher frequency of abnormal meiotic spindle and chromosomal misalignment (score ≥3), indicating severe damage compared with the control groups. The proportions of abnormalities in microtubule and chromosome alterations in endometriosis (67.9% and 63.6%, respectively) were significantly higher than for oocytes incubated with PF of the nonendometriosis group (24.4% and 14.8%) as well as the HTF group (13% and 13%). Oocyte cytoskeleton damage positively correlated with the duration of infertility and the stage of endometriosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alteration of oocyte cytoskeleton might be one of the causes of poor oocyte quality in patients with endometriosis.
authors.affiliation: Ob-Gyn and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Gihan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Falcone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008677:Metaphase / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*