title: Long-term myocardial adaptations after cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure: a randomized six-year evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess exercise capacity and left ventricular function using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among patients with chronic heart failure randomized to a residential rehabilitation programme at baseline and six years after participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residential cardiac rehabilitation centre and community hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One month of intensive exercise and risk reduction therapy including educational sessions, a low-fat diet, and 2 hours of individually prescribed exercise daily. Control subjects received usual care. Subjects were evaluated at baseline, after completing the one-month residential programme and six years later.
  
  
  METHODS
  From an original study group of 50, 16 patients (8 exercise, 8 controls) with chronic heart failure were alive and available for evaluation after six years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiopulmonary exercise test responses and ventricular size and function using MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak Vo(2) was 20.0 and 12.4% higher after the rehabilitation programme and six years later, respectively, whereas minimal changes were observed among controls. Left ventricular mass and volumes tended to decrease among subjects in the exercise group, whereas left ventricular mass and volumes tended to increase among control subjects after six years. Ejection fraction increased approximately 20% in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six years after participation in a concentrated residential rehabilitation programme, exercise capacity was preserved and no significant changes were observed in ventricular size or function. These findings provide further support for exercise rehabilitation in chronic heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Kantonsspital, Chur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Wilhard
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kottman
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lüchinger
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dubach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D013318:Stroke Volume; D017741:Survivors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left