title: A novel microbial habitat of alkaline black liquor with very high pollution load: microbial diversity and the key members in application potentials.
abstract: A microbial community which developed naturally in alkaline black liquor was investigated by culture-based and culture-independent techniques. The community was effective in lowering pH, color, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of black liquor, and the community activities varied in different seasons. Both 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clone library and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analyses suggested that the seasonal bacterial communities had obvious differences in diversities and compositions. Clostridium species were suggested to be the key agents in black liquor treatment. Moreover, the isolates of the genera Halomonas and Bacillus were shown to be effective in treating very heavily polluted black liquor. The strains of Halomonas, Clostridium and especially Bacillus, might be the key producers of xylanase and CMCase in the community. The worldwide problem of black liquor treatment and renewable resource utilization would benefit from these microorganisms in application potentials.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Chunyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Haijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Cuiqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003013:Clostridium / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000378:metabolism; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D020632:Halomonas / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D004247:DNA; D010100:Oxygen