title: Selective effects of PPARgamma agonists and antagonists on human pre-adipocyte differentiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone (RTZ) acts by activating peroxisome proliferator and activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), an effect accompanied in vivo in humans by an increase in fat storage. We hypothesized that this effect concerns PPARgamma(1) and PPARgamma(2) differently and is dependant on the origin of the adipose cells (subcutaneous or visceral). To this aim, the effect of RTZ, the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 and lentiviral vectors expressing interfering RNA were evaluated on human pre-adipocyte models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two models were investigated: the human pre-adipose cell line Chub-S7 and primary pre-adipocytes derived from subcutaneous and visceral biopsies of adipose tissue (AT) obtained from obese patients. Cells were used to perform oil-red O staining, gene expression measurements and lentiviral infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both models, RTZ was found to stimulate the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature cells. This was accompanied by significant increases in both the PPARgamma(1) and PPARgamma(2) gene expression, with a relatively stronger stimulation of PPARgamma(2). In contrast, RTZ failed to stimulate differentiation processes when cells were incubated in the presence of GW9662. This effect was similar to the effect observed using interfering RNA against PPARgamma(2). It was accompanied by an abrogation of the RTZ-induced PPARgamma(2) gene expression, whereas the level of PPARgamma(1) was not affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the GW9662 treatment and interfering RNA against PPARgamma(2) are able to abrogate RTZ-induced differentiation without a significant change of PPARgamma(1) gene expression. These results are consistent with previous results obtained in animal models and suggest that in humans PPARgamma(2) may also be the key isoform involved in fat storage.
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leyvraz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verdumo
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Calmes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paroz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Darimont
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Pralong
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giusti
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D000328:Adult; D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C457499:2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide; D000813:Anilides; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone