Hyperpolarized MR imaging: neurologic applications of hyperpolarized metabolism.
Hyperpolarization is the general term for a method of enhancing the spin-polarization difference of populations of nuclei in a magnetic field. No less than 5 distinct techniques (dynamic nuclear polarization [DNP]; parahydrogen-induced polarization-parahydrogen and synthesis allow dramatically enhanced nuclear alignment [PHIP-PASADENA]; xenon/helium polarization transfer; Brute Force; (1)H hyperpolarized water) are currently under exhaustive investigation as means of amplifying the intrinsically (a few parts per million) weak signal intensity used in conventional MR neuroimaging and spectroscopy. HD-MR imaging in vivo is a metabolic imaging tool causing much of the interest in HD-MR imaging. The most successful to date has been DNP, in which carbon-13 ((13)C) pyruvic acid has shown many. PHIP-PASADENA with (13)C succinate has shown HD-MR metabolism in vivo in tumor-bearing mice of several types, entering the Krebs-tricarboxylic acid cycle for ultrafast detection with (13)C MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, and chemical shift imaging. We will discuss 5 promising preclinical studies: (13)C succinate PHIP in brain tumor; (13)C ethylpyruvate DNP and (13)C acetate; DNP in rodent brain; (13)C succinate PHIP versus gadolinium imaging of stroke; and (1)H hyperpolarized imaging. Recent developments in clinical (13)C neurospectroscopy encourage us to overcome the remaining barriers to clinical HD-MR imaging.
Ross
B D
BD
Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA. Bdross.hmri@gmail.com
Bhattacharya
P
P
Wagner
S
S
Tran
T
T
Sailasuta
N
N
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
D003287:Contrast Media