title: Postoperative pain relief after surgical removal of impacted third molars: a single-blind, randomized, controlled study to compare levobupivacaine and mepivacaine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of 0.75% levobupivacaine with that of 3% mepivacaine for pain control after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two subjects (23 females and 19 males, mean age 23.5 +/- 4) underwent surgical removal of third molars in two separate sessions. Within each patient, levobupivacaine was used to anesthetize one extraction side and for the other side, mepivacaine. Onset of anesthesia, duration of surgery, lip numbness, timing of pain appearance and analgesic consumption were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in onset of anesthesia, duration of surgical procedure, and lower lip numbness between the two groups (P > .05). Timing of pain appearance and of first drug consumption was significantly lower in the mepivacaine group (P < .05). Patients with levobupivacaine anesthesia had significantly lower visual analog (VAS) pain scores at 1 and 2 hours postoperatively than those with mepivacaine anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levobupivacaine is a valid alternative to traditional local anesthetics for surgical removal of lower third molars. It presents better pain relief when compared to mepivacaine in the immediate postoperative period as evidenced by lower VAS scores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry and Surgery, University of Bari, Italy. v.crincoli@doc.uniba.it
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Crincoli
authors.forename: Maria Beatrice
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Di Bisceglie
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massaro
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Favia
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brienza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008046:Lip / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000187:drug effects; D008619:Mepivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery*; D009407:Nerve Block; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008619:Mepivacaine; D007052:Ibuprofen; D002045:Bupivacaine