title: Characterizing the noncancer toxicity of mixtures using concepts from the TTC and quantitative models of uncertainty in mixture toxicity.
abstract: This article explores the use of an approach for setting default values for the noncancer toxicity, developed as part of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC), for the evaluation of the chronic noncarcinogenic effects of certain chemical mixtures. Individuals are exposed to many mixtures where there are little or no toxicological data on some or all of the mixture components. The approach developed in the TTC can provide a basis for conservative estimates of the toxicity of the mixture components when compound-specific data are not available. The application of this approach to multiple chemicals in a mixture, however, has implications for the statistical assumptions made in developing component-based estimates of mixtures. Specifically, conservative assumptions that are appropriate for one compound may become overly conservative when applied to all components of a mixture. This overestimation can be investigated by modeling the uncertainty in toxicity standards. In this article the approach is applied to both hypothetical and actual examples of chemical mixtures and the potential for overestimation is investigated. The results indicate that the use of the approach leads to conservative estimates of mixture toxicity and therefore its use is most appropriate for screening assessments of mixtures.
authors.affiliation: The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology & Environmental Research & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674, USA. pprice@dow.com
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Heli M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hollnagel
authors.forename: Jack M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zabik
mesh_terms: D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000633:toxicity; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D035501:Uncertainty; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical