title: Serum anti-GAGA4 IgM antibodies differentiate relapsing remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis from primary progressive multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases.
abstract: The serum level of IgM antibodies against Glc(alpha1,4)Glc(alpha) (GAGA4) is higher in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) compared to other neurological disease (OND) patients and healthy controls (HC). Detecting the level of anti-GAGA4 antibody by enzyme immunoassay and total IgM, we confirmed that anti-GAGA4 IgM can differentiate RRMS from OND patients and HC. Moreover, secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and RRMS patients have similar levels of anti-GAGA4 demonstrating the biomarker's presence throughout the disease. Interestingly, the anti-GAGA4 assay may also differentiate between primary progressive MS (PPMS) and RRMS/SPMS patients, since nearly all PPMS patients were negative for the assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brettschneider
authors.forename: Troy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Jaskowski
authors.forename: Hayrettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tumani
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdul
authors.forename: Dee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Husebye
authors.forename: Haniah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seraj
authors.forename: Harry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fire
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yarden
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dotan
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques / Q000379:methods; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C033620:glucose tetrasaccharide; D005947:Glucose