title: Age-dependent neuroectodermal differentiation capacity of human mesenchymal stromal cells: limitations for autologous cell replacement strategies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human adult bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) are reported to break germ layer commitment and differentiate into cells expressing neuroectodermal properties. Although it is of pivotal interest for cell replacement therapies for neurologic disorders, no data exist on the influence of the donor's age on this multipotent differentiation behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated various epigenetic neuroectodermal conversion protocols in adult hMSC derived from older donors (>45 versus 18-35 years of age) using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry. The protocols included single- and multi-step conversion-differentiation protocols combined with co-culture techniques. Furthermore, the age dependency of mesodermal differentiation potential and cell senescence were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The neuroectodermal differentiation potential of hMSC derived from old donors was completely lost, with no cells showing mature neuroectodermal phenotypes using single- and multi-step conversion-differentiation protocols and no improvement of neurogenesis by various co-culture conditions. Comparison of young versus old donor-derived hMSC showed fewer cells expressing early neuroectodermal marker proteins in the latter samples. qRT-PCR showed reduced expression of the proliferation marker KI67 and the neuroectodermal gene NES (nestin) in old donor-derived cells compared with young donor hMSC. Telomere length analysis showed no general cell aging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide evidence that only young donor-derived hMSC can be epigenetically differentiated in vitro into neuroectodermal cells, pointing towards senescence of multipotentiality of old donor-derived hMSC. There is thus an urgent need to develop better protocols for successful neuroectodermal differentiation of hMSC from old individuals as a prerequisite for autologous cell replacement strategies for neurologic diseases in elderly patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: Catrin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: List
authors.forename: Hans-Jörg
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Habisch
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vukicevic
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ehrhart-Bornstein
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fickert
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Storch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D064231:Nestin; D054258:Neural Plate / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C577484:NES protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin