Cilostazol reduces restenosis after carotid artery stenting.
BACKGROUND
Although carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been proposed as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy in cerebral revascularization, restenosis remains an unsolved issue. Cilostazol is a unique antiplatelet drug that has vasodilatory effects and inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation. We investigated whether cilostazol reduces restenosis after CAS.


METHODS
A database of 113 consecutive CAS procedures between April 2002 and December 2007 was assessed retrospectively. All patients received aspirin (100 mg/d) and another antiplatelet drug such as cilostazol (200 mg/d), ticlopidine (200 mg/d), or clopidogrel (75 mg/d) at least 3 days before CAS. Two antiplatelet drugs were continued for 2 to 3 months after CAS and reduced to one thereafter. Patients were evaluated at 3 and 6 months and at 6-month intervals thereafter with duplex ultrasound (DUS) imaging. Angiography was used for confirmation when stenosis was suspected as >50% with DUS imaging.


RESULTS
We were able to monitor 97 patients for a 12-month period. The overall combined rate of stroke, myocardial infarction, and death was 3.1% at 30 days and 4.1% at 1 year. In-stent recurrent stenosis was documented in 11 patients (11%); in 10 patients (9.7%), this occurred <or=12 months of CAS. In-stent restenosis was significantly reduced in the cilostazol (+) group (0% vs 15.7% [11 of 70], P = .03). Patient characteristics were similar between the cilostazol (+) and cilostazol (-) groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Although this study was retrospective and nonrandomized, the results suggest that cilostazol administration improves long-term patency after CAS due to its inhibitory effect on smooth muscle cell growth.
Takigawa
Tomoji
T
Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. t-tomojy@mx2.harmonix.ne.jp
Matsumaru
Yuji
Y
Hayakawa
Mikito
M
Nemoto
Shigeru
S
Matsumura
Akira
A
D000368:Aged; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D000077407:Cilostazol; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex
D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000077407:Cilostazol