title: Neural activation underlying acute grief in women after the loss of an unborn child.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The traumatic loss of an unborn child by induced termination of pregnancy because of fetal malformation is a major life event that causes intense maternal grief. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that the same neural structures involved in the experience of physical pain are involved in the experience of social pain and loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate neural activation patterns related to acute grief, the authors conducted a functional MRI study of 12 post-termination women and 12 noninduced women who delivered a healthy child. Brain activation was measured while participants viewed pictures of happy baby, happy adult, and neutral adult faces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to comparison women, post-termination women showed greater activation in the middle and posterior cingulate gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus, the middle temporal gyrus, the thalamus, and the brainstem in response to viewing happy baby faces. Functional connectivity between the cingulate gyrus and the thalamus during the processing of happy baby faces was significantly stronger in post-termination women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, acute grief after the loss of an unborn child was closely related to the activation of the physical pain network encompassing the cingulate gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus, the thalamus, and the brainstem. To the authors' knowledge, the stronger functional thalamocingulate connectivity in post-termination women is the first in vivo demonstration of an involvement of the neural maternal attachment network in grief after the loss of an unborn child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 11, Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kersting
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ohrmann
authors.forename: Anya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kroker
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samberg
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kugel
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koelkebeck
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinhard
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heindel
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arolt
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suslow
mesh_terms: D000025:Abortion, Eugenic / Q000523:psychology; D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000523:psychology*; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D006117:Grief; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009769:Object Attachment; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D013788:Thalamus / Q000502:physiology