title: Effects of serial anesthesia using ketamine or ketamine/medetomidine on hematology and serum biochemistry values in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed at determining the cumulative effect of daily anesthesia, using two drug regimens, over hematological and biochemical parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were obtained from rhesus monkeys 20 minutes after intramuscular administration of ketamine or ketamine/medetomidine combination for three consecutive days and results were evaluated to determine their effect on hematological and serum biochemistry values. Statistical significance of drug, day, and interaction of these two variables were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drug effect resulted in a dramatic increase of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase values. Day effect resulted in decreases of RBC, HCT, Hgb, and alkaline phosphatase but an increase of other biochemical parameters evaluated. The drug/day interaction effect was found to be -significant for RBC, platelets, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatine kinase values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study suggest a cumulative effect of serial anesthesia and should be an important consideration when interpreting hematology and serum biochemistry in rhesus macaques.
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. luislugo@ln.amedd.army.mil
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lugo-Roman
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rico
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sturdivant
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burks
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Settle
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007649:Ketamine; D003404:Creatinine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D020926:Medetomidine