title: Improved procedure for protein binder analysis in mural painting by LC-ESI/Q-q-TOF mass spectrometry: detection of different milk species by casein proteotypic peptides.
abstract: Diagnostic techniques applied to the field of cultural heritage represent a very important aspect of scientific investigation. Recently, proteomic approaches based on mass spectrometry coupled with traditional spectroscopic methods have been used for painting analysis, generating promising results for binder's protein identification. In the present work, an improved procedure based on LC-ESI/Q-q-TOF tandem mass spectrometry for the identification of protein binders has been developed for the molecular characterization of samples from an early-twentieth-century mural painting from the St. Dimitar Cathedral in Vidin, Bulgaria. The proteomic investigation has led to the identification of both egg white and egg yolk proteins, according to traditional old recipes for tempera paintings. In addition, beyond the egg components, the presence of caseins was also revealed, thus suggesting the use of milk as binding medium, fixative or stabilising agent. Furthermore, for the first time, the capability to discriminate the milk origin on the basis of alpha casein proteotypic peptides is reported, that are diagnostic for a given species, thus opening interesting perspectives in art and archaeological fields.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy. angela.chambery@unina2.it
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chambery
authors.forename: Antimo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Maro
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanges
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Severino
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarantino
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lamberti
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parente
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arcari
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004527:Egg Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D006041:Goats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D012756:Sheep; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D004527:Egg Proteins; D011506:Proteins