title: CALCULATIONS OF BIOELECTRIC POTENTIALS : IV. SOME EFFECTS OF CALCIUM ON POTENTIALS IN NITELLA.
abstract: In Nitella the substitution of KCl for NaCl changes the P.D. in a negative direction. In some cases this change is lessened by adding solid CaCl(2) to the solution of KCl. This may be due to lessening the partition coefficient of KCl or to decreasing the solubility of an organic substance which sensitizes the cell to the action of KCl. Little or no correlation exists between this effect of calcium and its ordinary antagonistic action in producing a balanced solution which preserves the life of the cell indefinitely. CaCl(2) is negative to NaCl but positive to KCl. The effects of mixtures of KCl, NaCl, and CaCl(2) are discussed. The concentration effect of a mixture of KCl + CaCl(2) shows certain peculiarities due to action currents: these resemble those found with pure KCl. These studies and others on Nitella, Valonia, and Halicystis indicate that mobilities and partition coefficients are variable and can be brought under experimental control.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Osterhout
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hill