title: Economic impact of the introduction of an acellular pertussis vaccine in Canada: a 6-year analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Between July 1997 and April 1998, Canadian public health agencies switched from the whole cell vaccine to the acellular vaccine for pertussis immunization. The acellular vaccine provided better efficacy and fewer adverse events than the whole cell vaccine did.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the economic impact of replacing the whole cell vaccine with an acellular vaccine in Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision analytic model was developed comparing costs and outcomes of pertussis vaccination for Canadian children born in the years 1991-2004. Effectiveness was measured as number of avoided pertussis cases as well as the number of avoided hospital admissions. Incremental costs per avoided pertussis case and per avoided hospital admission were calculated for Ministry of Health (MoH) and societal (SOC) perspectives. Various one-way sensitivity analyses as well as a Monte Carlo simulation were performed by varying key model parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The switch in immunization programs resulted in an incremental cost to the MoH of CAD $108 per pertussis case avoided (CAD $0.96 per child-year). From the SOC perspective, there was a savings of CAD $184 per pertussis case avoided (CAD $0.13 per child-year). The one-way sensitivity analyses provided incremental cost-effective ratios (ICERs) ranging from an incremental cost of CAD $1034 per avoided pertussis case from the MoH perspective to a saving of CAD $1583 per avoided case from the SOC perspective. The Monte Carlo simulation confirmed the robustness of these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pertussis vaccination with AcE was cost-saving from the societal perspective and cost-effective from the Ministry of Health perspective.
authors.affiliation: PharmIdeas Research and Consulting Inc., 1175 North Service Road West, Suite 211, Oakville, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iskedjian
authors.forename: Gaston
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Serres
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Einarson
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine / Q000191:economics* / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D022282:Vaccines, Acellular / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010567:Pertussis Vaccine; D022282:Vaccines, Acellular