title: Endoscopic endonasal surgery in the management of selected malignant naso-ethmoidal tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to report the cases of three patients with sinonasal malignant tumors who underwent en bloc tumor resection using endoscopic endonasal approaches, and to discuss the advantages and limitations of endoscopic endonasal tumor resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with malignant naso-ethmoidal tumors underwent en bloc resection with endoscopic endonasal approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In very carefully selected cases of naso-ethmoidal malignant tumors that were preoperatively evaluated on endoscopic findings and magnetic resonance imaging to be limited to within the nasal cavity and/or ethmoid sinus and to have some safe margins between the tumor and skull base and/or lamina papyracea, tumors were resected en bloc using endoscopic endonasal approaches. A case of cerebrospinal fluid leakage was safely managed with the endoscopic approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In selected T1-T2 naso-ethmoidal malignant tumors with some safe margins, endoscopic endonasal surgery may offer a satisfactory alternative to external procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University Daisan Hospital, 4-11-1 Izumihoncho, Komae-City, Tokyo, Japan. ent3@jikei.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iino
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.forename: Takakuni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*