title: FM19G11, a new hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) modulator, affects stem cell differentiation status.
abstract: The biology of the alpha subunits of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFalpha) has expanded from their role in angiogenesis to their current position in the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. The results reported in this article show the discovery of FM19G11, a novel chemical entity that inhibits HIFalpha proteins that repress target genes of the two alpha subunits, in various tumor cell lines as well as in adult and embryonic stem cell models from rodents and humans, respectively. FM19G11 inhibits at nanomolar range the transcriptional and protein expression of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Tgf-alpha undifferentiating factors, in adult rat and human embryonic stem cells, FM19G11 activity occurs in ependymal progenitor stem cells from rats (epSPC), a cell model reported for spinal cord regeneration, which allows the progression of oligodendrocyte cell differentiation in a hypoxic environment, has created interest in its characterization for pharmacological research. Experiments using small interfering RNA showed a significant depletion in Sox2 protein only in the case of HIF2alpha silencing, but not in HIF1alpha-mediated ablation. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation data, together with the significant presence of functional hypoxia response element consensus sequences in the promoter region of Sox2, strongly validated that this factor behaves as a target gene of HIF2alpha in epSPCs. FM19G11 causes a reduction of overall histone acetylation with significant repression of p300, a histone acetyltransferase required as a co-factor for HIF-transcription activation. Arrays carried out in the presence and absence of the inhibitor showed the predominant involvement of epigenetic-associated events mediated by the drug.
authors.affiliation: F.V. Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moreno-Manzano
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Jiménez
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Aceña-Bonilla
authors.forename: Santos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fustero-Lardíes
authors.forename: Slaven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erceg
authors.forename: Joaquin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dopazo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montaner
authors.forename: Miodrag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stojkovic
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Puelles
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation / Q000187:drug effects; D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D001549:Benzamides / Q000378:metabolism*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004805:Ependyma / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020218:Response Elements / Q000502:physiology; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D050880:p300-CBP Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D001549:Benzamides; D001565:Benzoates; D006657:Histones; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D050880:p300-CBP Transcription Factors; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C555528:FM19G11; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C497444:Hif1a protein, rat; C486780:NANOG protein, human; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; C527784:Sox2 protein, rat