title: p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase and hematologic malignancies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling has been implicated in responses ranging from apoptosis to cell cycle, induction of expression of cytokine genes, and differentiation. This plethora of activators conveys the complexity of the p38 pathway. This complexity is further complicated by the observation that the downstream effects of p38 MAPK activation may be different depending on types of stimuli, cell types, and various p38 MAPK isoforms involved.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This review focuses on the recent advancement of the p38 MAPK isoforms as well as the roles of p38 MAPK in hematologic malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of pertinent published literature and work in our laboratory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In some hematologic malignancies, activation of p38 plays a key role in promoting or inhibiting proliferation and also in increasing resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The importance of different p38 isoforms in various cellular functions has been acknowledged recently. Further understanding of these isoforms will allow the design of more specific inhibitors to target particular isoforms to maximize the treatment effect and minimize the side effects for treating hematopoietic malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital and The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Yongdong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Chung-Che Jeff
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000201:enzymology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases