title: [Dose reduction and image quality in MDCT of the upper abdomen: potential of an adaptive post-processing filter].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of a 2D non-linear adaptive post-processing filter (2D-NLAF) on image quality in dose-reduced multi-detector CT (MDCT) of the upper abdomen.
  
  
  METHODS
  MDCT of the upper abdomen was simulated on a 64-slice scanner using a multi-modal anthropomorphic phantom (CIRS, Norfolk, USA). While keeping the collimation (64 x 0.6 mm) and pitch (p = 1) unchanged, the tube current (100 - 500 mAs) and tube potential (80 - 140 kVp) were varied to perform MDCT as high dose (CTDI > 20), middle dose (CTDI 10 - 20) and low dose (CTDI < 10) level protocols. Four independent blinded radiologists evaluated axial images with a thickness of 7 and 3 mm with respect to the presentation of "mesenteric low contrast lesions", "liver veins", "liver cysts", "renal cysts" and "big vessels". The subjective image quality of original data and post-processed images using a 2D-NLAF (SharpViewCT, Linköping, Sweden) was graded on a 5-point scale (from "1" not visible to "5" excellent) and statistically analyzed. The effective dose (E) was estimated using commercial software (CT-EXPO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all protocol groups, 2D-NLAF led to a significant improvement in subjective image quality for all examined lesions (p < 0.01), particularly at the protocols of middle dose (E: 5 - 8 mSv) and low dose level (E: 1 - 5 mSv). A maximum effect was seen in middle dose protocols for "low contrast lesions" (score "3.3" with filter versus "2.5" without) and "liver veins" ("4.5" versus "3.9").
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phantom study indicates a potential dose reduction of up to 50 % in MDCT of the upper abdomen by use of a 2D-NLAF, which should be further examined in clinical trails.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf. Patric.Kroepil@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kröpil
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lanzman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Röhlen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Godehardt
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mödder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohnen
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001027:Aortography / Q000295:instrumentation; D016477:Artifacts; D003560:Cysts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004867:Equipment Design; D006503:Hepatic Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008643:Mesentery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D015588:Observer Variation; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*