title: The amyloid-beta25-35 injection into the CA1 region of the neonatal rat hippocampus impairs the long-term memory because of an increase of nitric oxide.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the amyloid-beta (Abeta) aggregation but it is unclear when this process begins. Previously, we showed that amyloid-beta(25-35) (Abeta(25-35)) increases the nitric oxide (NO) pathways and causes neurodegenerative effects in rats. The excessive increase of NO during brain development can promote a persistent oxidative stress, but the role of the Abeta(25-35) in the neonatal age and its effects over the long term is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate if the Abeta(25-35) injection on postnatal day 7 causes loss in spatial memory by NO pathways in adult rats. Our results showed that neonatal-Abeta(25-35) injection into the hippocampus (Hp) causes significant impairments in the spatial memory after 90 days. The NO levels were found increased and argynophilic in the Hp. Other evidence of neuronal damage was an increase of the immunoreactivity for 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and the glial-fibrilar acid protein (GFAP) in the Hp of the Abeta(25-35) group. In contrast, these effects were blocked by the administration of L-NAME (inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) before the injection of Abeta(25-35). The L-NAME plus Abeta(25-35) group showed a better performance in the spatial memory compared to the Abeta(25-35) group. In addition in this group we found a decrease of NO, 3-NT and neurodegeneration in the Hp compared to the Abeta(25-35) group. This finding is a novel result about the role of Abeta(25-35) during the neonatal stage that enhances the NO production, which appears to impair the spatial memory in adult rats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Jesús
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mendieta
authors.forename: Minerva
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calvillo
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zenteno
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.forename: Ilhuicamina Daniel
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Limón
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D018782:Maze Learning; D008568:Memory; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013037:Spatial Behavior; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35); D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester