title: The effects of experimentally induced rumination versus distraction on analogue posttraumatic stress symptoms.
abstract: Rumination has been suggested to be an important factor maintaining posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Using an analogue design, this study aimed to experimentally test the hypothesis that trauma-related rumination maintains PTSD symptoms. Fifty-one participants were first asked to give a detailed narrative of a negative life event and were then randomly assigned to a rumination or distraction condition. In line with the hypotheses, rumination about the event resulted in the maintenance of negative mood and intrusive memories immediately after the manipulation whereas distraction resulted in symptom reduction. However, this effect was reversed during a subsequent symptom provocation task, in which distraction led to a greater increase in some of the symptoms than rumination. Results are in line with the idea that rumination is involved in the maintenance of PTSD but may suggest a complex relationship between rumination and posttraumatic stress symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology,University ofAmsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. t.w.a.ehring@uva.nl
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ehring
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Isabell
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kläsener
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires