title: Chemotherapy-associated toxicity in a large cohort of elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to examine the risks for short-term (< or =3 months) and long-term (>3 months) chemotherapy-associated toxicities in a large population-based cohort of patients with non-small cell lung cancer from 1991 to 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  The population consisted of 41,361 men and 30,804 women > or =65 years identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare-linked database. The incidence of 50 toxicity-associated end points was calculated for 14 chemotherapy agents. Short- and long-term toxicities with a > or =2-fold increase in incidence compared with the no-chemotherapy group were defined as chemotherapy-associated toxicities. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of toxicity were calculated for the four most common chemotherapy agents for non-small cell lung cancer: cisplatin/carboplatin, paclitaxel, vinorelbine/vinblastine, and gemcitabine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common short-term toxicities (9.2-60%) included acute anemia, nausea, and neutropenia. The most common long-term toxicities (15-37%) included acute anemia, respiratory failure, pulmonary fibrosis, dehydration, neutropenia, nausea, and fever. Multivariate analysis for selected chemotherapies demonstrated that after adjusting for other risk factors and confounders, some short-term toxicities became nonsignificant; however, almost all long-term toxicities remained significant. Long-term toxicity increased over time and was more likely in women, minority populations, those with fewer baseline comorbidities, and across disease stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of various chemotherapy agents for non-small cell lung was associated with a number of short- and long-term toxicities. The projected survival benefits of chemotherapy must be weighed against the risk of long-term toxicities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. dale.s.hardy@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Janice N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Cormier
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Chih-Chin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Xianglin L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000556:secondary; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D018426:SEER Program; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077235:Vinorelbine; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D014747:Vinblastine; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D000077235:Vinorelbine; D000093542:Gemcitabine