title: Evidence for sympathetic origins of hypertension in juvenile offspring of obese rats.
abstract: Maternal obesity in rodents is associated with increased adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension in adult offspring. In this study we investigated the influence of maternal obesity in the rat on blood pressure and blood pressure regulatory pathways in juvenile and adult offspring. Obesity was induced before pregnancy in female Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding a highly palatable energy-dense diet. In juvenile animals (30 days of age), before the onset of obesity and hyperleptinemia, basal nighttime mean arterial pressure was significantly raised in the offspring of obese dams (OffOb) relative to offspring of controls (OffCon; mean arterial pressure, males: OffOb, 121.8+/-0.6 mm Hg versus OffCon, 115.0+/-0.5 mm Hg, n=6, P<0.01; females: OffOb, 125.4+/-0.4 mm Hg versus OffCon, 114.4+/-0.5 mm Hg, n=6, P<0.001), as was the mean arterial pressure response to restraint stress (P<0.01). The pressor response to a leptin challenge was enhanced in OffOb rats (Deltamean arterial pressure: OffOb, 9.7+/-0.8 mm Hg versus OffCon, 5.3+/-1.3 mm Hg; n=8; P<0.05). Renal tissue norepinephrine content (P<0.001) and renin expression (P<0.05) were markedly raised. Analysis of heart rate variability revealed an increased low:high frequency ratio in OffOb versus OffCon rats (P<0.05). At 90 days, hypertension in OffOb rats persisted and was abolished by alpha1- and beta-adrenergic blockade, and cardiovascular responses to phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside indicated altered baroreceptor function. The exaggerated pressor response to leptin in OffOb rats was maintained. Hypertension in the offspring of obese rats may arise from persistent sympathoexcitatory hyperresponsiveness acquired in early stages of development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproduction and Endocrinology, King's College London, 10th Floor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK. anne-maj.samuelsson@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anne-Maj
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Igosheva
authors.forename: Shona L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Joaquim M C
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pombo
authors.forename: Clive W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Coen
authors.forename: Lucilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poston
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017704:Baroreflex; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006973:Hypertension / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012083:Renin / Q000235:genetics; D012737:Sex Factors; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D012083:Renin; D009638:Norepinephrine