title: Combination of ARAD microfibre filtration and LAMP methodology for simple, rapid and cost-effective detection of human pathogenic Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in drinking water.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we report a new, simple methodology for the monitoring of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in drinking water samples, ranging from 10- to 1000-l, which combines a new ARAD microfibre filtration of the (oo)cysts from drinking water and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of a human pathogenic Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium meleagridis and Giardia duodenalis Assemblage A and B specific DNA sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the evaluation of the new concentration and detection technique, spiked reagent and matrix water samples plus blank samples were filtered and tested. In total, 27 samples have been investigated. The results clearly demonstrate that the methodology of using a new ARAD filter, which passed through 1000 l of drinking water with high turbidity (2 NTU), and followed by the LAMP assay was able to detect at least one (oo)cyst in 10 l of drinking water based on a 1000-l sample, taken over a 24-h period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The described protozoa detection methodology is sensitive, rapid and cost-effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This effective procedure will be useful for small waterworks to achieve continuous monitoring and is also of value for screening catchments to identify those that require further treatment and more detailed microscopic counts.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Environmental Health, Department of Water Hygiene, Budapest, Hungary. plujud@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Plutzer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Törökné
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karanis
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005374:Filtration / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D033661:Oocysts; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D014867:Water