title: FLAP inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
abstract: Leukotrienes are lipid inflammatory mediators that are implicated in asthma, COPD, arthritis, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Leukotriene synthesis requires 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP), which acts as a scaffolding protein for the assembly of other enzymes involved in the leukotriene synthetic pathway occurring at the nuclear envelope of leukocytes. By blocking the formation of both leukotriene B4 and the cysteinyl leukotrienes (ie, LTC4 , LTD4 and LTE4), FLAP inhibitors act as broad-spectrum leukotriene-modifier drugs that may have a wide range of therapeutic applications. FLAP inhibitors such as MK-886, MK-0591 and veliflapon (BAY-X-1005, DG-031) demonstrated promise in clinical trials with patients with inflammatory diseases in the mid 1990 s, but, unlike the 'lukast' class of cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonists, these compounds were not brought to market. The elucidation of the 3D structure of FLAP has enabled novel compound development, and several FLAP inhibitors including 2190914 (AM-103) and GSK-2190915 (both under development by GlaxoSmithKline plc) have entered phase II trials for the treatment of inflammatory disease, including asthma.
authors.affiliation: University of Southampton, III Division, The Sir Henry Wellcome Building, Mailpoint 825, Level F, South Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. A.P.Sampson@southampton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sampson
mesh_terms: D058927:5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Proteins; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D058927:5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Proteins; C548592:ALOX5AP protein, human; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015289:Leukotrienes; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins