title: Same or different? Clarifying the relationship of need for cognition to personality and intelligence.
abstract: Need for cognition (NFC) refers to an individual's tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive processing. So far, little attention has been paid to a systematic evaluation of the distinctiveness of NFC from traits with similar conceptualization and from intelligence. The present research contributes to filling this gap by examining the relation of NFC to well-established personality concepts (Study 1) and to a comprehensive measure of intelligence in a sample with broad educational backgrounds (Study 2). We observed NFC to be positively correlated with openness, emotional stability, and traits indicating goal orientation. Using confirmatory factor analysis and event-related potentials, incremental validity of NFC and openness to ideas was demonstrated, showing that NFC is more predictive of drive-related and goal-oriented behavior and attentional resource allocation. Regarding intelligence, NFC was more associated with fluid than with crystallized aspects of intelligence. Altogether, the results provide strong support for the conceptual autonomy of NFC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany. monika.fleischhauer@mailbox.tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fleischhauer
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enge
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brocke
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ullrich
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strobel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D007361:Intelligence Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult