title: Olfactory ensheathing cells reduce duration of autonomic dysreflexia in rats with high spinal cord injury.
abstract: Autonomic dysreflexia is a common complication in high spinal cord injury and can result in serious consequences and death. Here we have examined the effect of acute transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells on cardiovascular functions in rats. After T4 transection, radio-telemetric recording in conscious animals was used to study blood pressure and heart rate at rest and during autonomic dysreflexia for up to 8 weeks post-injury. Olfactory ensheathing cells from syngeneic rats were transplanted at the injury site; control animals received culture medium only. At the study end point, we examined morphometric features of sympathetic preganglionic neurons above and below the injury. T4 transection resulted in a fall in resting mean arterial pressure and an increase in resting heart rate. Colorectal distension, used to trigger autonomic dysreflexia, caused episodic hypertension and bradycardia. Although the cell transplantation had no effect on resting cardiovascular parameters, it led to a significantly faster recovery from hypertension, with the recovery time shortened by approximately 25%. The transection resulted in an increase in soma size of sympathetic preganglionic neurons above and below the injury. OEC transplantation normalised this change below the injury and increased dendritic length of preganglionic neurons above the injury, compared to controls. It has been proposed that changes in sympathetic preganglionic neurons following spinal cord transection may be related to the development of autonomic dysreflexia. Our results suggest that olfactory ensheathing cells may alter the morphology of these neurons, and hence modify their activity in the neuronal networks responsible for the dysreflexic reaction.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. kandur@email.cz
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kalincík
authors.forename: Eun A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Féron
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Ratneswary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sutharsan
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mackay-Sim
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carrive
authors.forename: Phil M E
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Waite
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D020211:Autonomic Dysreflexia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001339:Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000503:physiopathology; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000473:pathology; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014404:Tubulin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase