title: Self-change strategies in smokers and former smokers: Spanish adaptation of the SCS-CS and SCS-FS.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to validate and adapt the Self-Change Strategies in Current Smokers (SCS-CS) and the Self-Change Strategies in Former Smokers (SCS-FS) (Christie & Etter, 2005) to the Spanish population. We also wished to analyze the differences in the self-change strategies used as a function of gender. Participants were 370 subjects (190 smokers and 180 former smokers) who were recruited by means of the "snowball" method. The alpha coefficients for the SCS-CS and the SCS-FS were .86 and .87, respectively. Both scales present satisfactory psychometric properties, so they are shown to be useful instruments to use in the Spanish population. The SCS-CS score showed that male smokers used more self-change strategies than females (46.6 vs. 11.9, p < .01), specifically, more cognitive strategies. In the SCS-CS, men scored higher than women (49 vs. 12.08, p < .01), in both the group of cognitive and behavioral strategies. The psychological mechanisms used to control the smoking habit are the same in men as in women, but the men tend to use a larger number of strategies. Treatments to quit smoking do not need to be substantially different, but they should be more intensive in the case of women smokers.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Miguel Hernández, Departamento de Psicología de la Salud (Edificio Altamira), Avda. de la Universidad, s/n. 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain. jcarballo@umh.es
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Carballo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Secades-Villa
authors.forename: José Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fernández-Hermida
authors.forename: Olaya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: García-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Ma Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bobes-Bascarán
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating