title: Adiposity indicators and dementia over 32 years in Sweden.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High midlife and late-life adiposity may increase risk for dementia. Late-life decrease in body mass index (BMI) or body weight within several years of a dementia diagnosis has also been reported. Differences in study designs and analyses may provide different pictures of this relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two years of longitudinal body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) data, from the Prospective Population Study of Women in Sweden, were related to dementia. A representative sample of 1,462 nondemented women was followed from 1968 at ages 38-60 years, and subsequently in 1974, 1980, 1992, and 2000, using neuropsychiatric, anthropometric, clinical, and other measurements. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated incident dementia risk by baseline factors. Logistic regression models including measures at each examination were related to dementia among surviving participants 32 years later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While Cox models showed no association between baseline anthropometric factors and dementia risk, logistic models showed that a midlife WHR greater than 0.80 increased risk for dementia approximately twofold (odds ratio 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.00-4.94, p = 0.049) among surviving participants. Evidence for reverse causality was observed for body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in years preceding dementia diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among survivors to age 70, high midlife waist-to-hip ratio may increase odds of dementia. Traditional Cox models do not evidence this relationship. Changing anthropometric parameters in years preceding dementia onset indicate the dynamic nature of this seemingly simple relationship. There are midlife and late-life implications for dementia prevention, and analytical considerations related to identifying risk factors for dementia.
authors.affiliation: Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. deborah.gustafson@neuro.gu.se
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bäckman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waern
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ostling
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zandi
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mielke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Skoog
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio / Q000639:trends