title: Update on management of caustic and foreign body ingestion in children.
abstract: The following recommendations for management of caustic and foreign body ingestion in children have been developed following a multicentre study performed by the Italian Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP). They are principally addressed to medical professionals involved in casualty. Because there is paucity of good quality clinical trials in children on this topic, many of the recommendations are currently extrapolated from adult experiences or based on experts opinions. The document represents a level 2 to 5 degree of evidence (according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence), gathered from clinical experience, recent studies, and expert reports discussed during a consensus conference of the Endoscopic Section of the Italian Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition. This working group comprises paediatricians, endoscopists, paediatric surgeons, toxicologists, and ENT surgeons, who are all actively involved in the management of these children. Recommendations are intended to serve as an aid to clinical judgement, not to replace it and therefore do not provide answers to every clinical question; nor does adherence to them ensure a successful outcome in every case. The ultimate decision on the clinical management of an individual patient will always depend on the specific clinical circumstances of the patient, and on the clinical judgement of the health care team.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Surgery Unit, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Betalli
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bini
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bacis
authors.forename: Osvaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Borrelli
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cutrone
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dall'oglio
authors.forename: Gian Luigi
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: d'Angelis
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Falchetti
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: Piergiorgio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gamba
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gandullia
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: Fillippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torroni
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Angelis