title: The quality of single cone and laterally compacted gutta-percha fillings in small and curved root canals as evidenced by bidirectional radiographs and fluid transport measurements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the quality of root fillings in small and curved root canals using bidirectional radiographs and fluid transport (FT) measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Root canals in eighty 38 degrees -curved mesial roots of mandibular molars were prepared using a balanced force technique. Samples were divided into 4 groups of 20 each and obturated by either the cold lateral compaction (LC) or the single cone (SC) technique, using either epoxy resin-based or zinc oxide-eugenol sealers. Bidirectional (buccolingual and mesiodistal) radiographs were acquired from each root. The voids along the root filling were assessed. The FT along the root filling was measured using an FT monitoring device. The differences between the groups regarding FT and the bidirectional radiographic score were analyzed by means of a Kruskal-Wallis test. The correlation between the FT values and the radiographic scores were analyzed using a Spearman test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three groups of LC or SC fillings containing epoxy resin-based sealers exhibited similar radiographic scores and FT values (P > .05). The group of SC fillings that contained zinc oxide-eugenol sealer had worse radiographic scores than the other groups (P = .047). The bidirectional radiographic scores and the FT values for the 80 filled roots were strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.519; P = .00001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Root fillings of similar quality were confirmed in small and curved root canals filled using either a single cone or laterally compacted gutta-percha and epoxy resin-based sealers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.wu@acta.nl
authors.forename: Min-Kai
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Marius G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bud
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wesselink
mesh_terms: D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation / Q000592:standards; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D008334:Mandible; D008963:Molar; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; D006171:Gutta-Percha