title: Dedifferentiation of human articular chondrocytes is associated with alterations in expression patterns of GDF-5 and its receptors.
abstract: Human articular chondrocytes are expanded in monolayer culture in order to obtain sufficient cells for matrix-associated cartilage transplantation. During this proliferation process, the cells change their shape as well as their expression profile. These changes resemble those that occur during embryogenesis, when the limb anlagen form the interzone that later develops the joint cleft. We analysed the expression profile of genes that are reportedly important for these changes during embryogenesis within the dedifferentiation process of adult articular chondrocytes. We found GDF-5, BMPR-Ib and connexin 43 up-regulated, as well as a down-regulation of BMPR-Ia and noggin. Connexin 32 could not be detected in either native cartilage or in dedifferentiated cells. The newly synthesized proteins were detected by immunofluorescence. There is evidence from our results that dedifferentiated chondrocytes resemble the cells from the interzone in developing synovial joints.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Joint and Cartilage Waehringer Guertel, Vienna, Austria. werner.schlegel@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schlegel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eckl
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Freudenthaler
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Vilmos
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vécsei
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marlovits
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018031:Connexin 43; D017931:DNA Primers; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C525893:GDF5 protein, human