Restriction of feline retroviruses: lessons from cat APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases and TRIM5alpha proteins.
The interplay between viral and cellular factors determines the outcome of an initial contact between a given virus and its natural host or upon encounter of a novel host. Thus, the potential of inducing disease as well as crossing host species barriers are the consequences of the molecular interactions between the parasite and its susceptible, tolerant or resistant host. Cellular restriction factors, for instance APOBEC3 and TRIM5 proteins, targeting defined pathogens or groups of pathogens as well as viral genes counter-acting these cellular defense systems are of prime importance in this respect and may even represent novel targets for prevention and therapy of virus infections. Due to the importance of host-encoded antiviral restriction and viral counter-defense for pathogenicity and host tropism, the responsible molecular factors and mechanisms are currently under intense investigation. In this review we will introduce host restriction and retroviral counter-defense systems with a special emphasis on the cat and its naturally occurring exogenous retroviruses which is a valid model for human disease, a model that will contribute to increase our basic understanding and potential applications of these important aspects of host-virus interaction.
Münk
Carsten
C
Clinic for Gasteroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Hechler
Torsten
T
Chareza
Sarah
S
Löchelt
Martin
M
D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D002415:Cats / Q000821:virology; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D016089:Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / Q000502:physiology; D017969:Lentiviruses, Feline / Q000502:physiology; D005256:Leukemia Virus, Feline / Q000502:physiology; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016662:Virus Integration / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase