title: Hemagglutinin receptor binding avidity drives influenza A virus antigenic drift.
abstract: Rapid antigenic evolution in the influenza A virus hemagglutinin precludes effective vaccination with existing vaccines. To understand this phenomenon, we passaged virus in mice immunized with influenza vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies selected mutants with single-amino acid hemagglutinin substitutions that increased virus binding to cell surface glycan receptors. Passaging these high-avidity binding mutants in naïve mice, but not immune mice, selected for additional hemagglutinin substitutions that decreased cellular receptor binding avidity. Analyzing a panel of monoclonal antibody hemagglutinin escape mutants revealed a positive correlation between receptor binding avidity and escape from polyclonal antibodies. We propose that in response to variation in neutralizing antibody pressure between individuals, influenza A virus evolves by adjusting receptor binding avidity via amino acid substitutions throughout the hemagglutinin globular domain, many of which simultaneously alter antigenicity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hensley
authors.forename: Suman R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Adam L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Loren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Heather D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Hickman
authors.forename: Akila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jayaraman
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sasisekharan
authors.forename: Jack R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bennink
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yewdell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000940:Antigenic Variation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009154:Mutation; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D012692:Serial Passage
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C543345:H1N1 virus hemagglutinin; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D011991:Receptors, Virus