title: Isolation of lytic bacteriophage against Vibrio harveyi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The isolation of lytic bacteriophage of Vibrio harveyi with potential for phage therapy of bacterial pathogens of phyllosoma larvae from the tropical rock lobster Panulirus ornatus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Water samples from discharge channels and grow-out ponds of a prawn farm in northeastern Australia were enriched for 24 h in a broth containing four V. harveyi strains. The bacteriophage-enriched filtrates were spotted onto bacterial lawns demonstrating that the bacteriophage host range for the samples included strains of V. harveyi, Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio rotiferianus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio proteolyticus. Bacteriophage were isolated from eight enriched samples through triple plaque purification. The host range of purified phage included V. harveyi, V. campbellii, V. rotiferianus and V. parahaemolyticus. Transmission electron microscope examination revealed that six purified phage belonged to the family Siphoviridae, whilst two belonged to the family Myoviridae. The Myoviridae appeared to induce bacteriocin production in a limited number of host bacterial strains, suggesting that they were lysogenic rather than lytic. A purified Siphoviridae phage could delay the entry of a broth culture of V. harveyi strain 12 into exponential growth, but could not prevent the overall growth of the bacterial strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacteriophage with lytic activity against V. harveyi were isolated from prawn farm samples. Purified phage of the family Siphoviridae had a clear lytic ability and no apparent transducing properties, indicating they are appropriate for phage therapy. Phage resistance is potentially a major constraint to the use of phage therapy in aquaculture as bacteria are not completely eliminated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phage therapy is emerging as a potential antibacterial agent that can be used to control pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture systems. The development of phage therapy for aquaculture requires initial isolation and determination of the bacteriophage host range, with subsequent creation of suitable phage cocktails.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crothers-Stomps
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Høj
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bourne
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Owens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001315:Australia; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D058507:Host Specificity; D017900:Myoviridae / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014733:Vibrio / Q000821:virology*