title: Single lung transplantation and fatal fat embolism acquired from the donor: management and literature review.
abstract: Fat embolism (FE) is a consequence of skeletal trauma that occurs in more than 90% of cases of severe trauma. However, most of these emboli are clinically insignificant. We report the case of a 59-yr-old man with massive progressive fibrosis who died from widespread FE after a single-lung transplantation (SLT). The lung donor was a 22-yr-old woman who died from traumatic cerebral injury. She had sustained a closed fracture of the tibia, fibula and pelvis. The PaO(2)/FiO(2) before procurement was 452 mmHg. A left SLT using cardiopulmonary bypass was performed. In the immediate postoperative period, profound pulmonary edema in the transplanted lung developed, with overinflation of the native lung and systemic hypotension. Severe Primary Graft Dysfunction (PGD) was suspected and nitric oxide (NO) and independent lung ventilation (ILV) initiated. Over the next 24 h the patient's condition deteriorated and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initiated. The patient died 45 h after transplantation as cardiovascular and respiratory function continued to decline and massive thoracic bleeding secondary to coagulopathy appeared. Post-mortem examination revealed both massive FE in the non-transplanted donor lung and in the allograft lung. Only two previous cases of donor-acquired FE and PGD after lung transplantation (LT) have been reported. Occult pulmonary FE in a traumatized donor should be considered a cause of PGD.
authors.affiliation: Service of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. martalopez@humv.es
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Sánchez
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Antoñán
authors.forename: Félix P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Arce-Mateos
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez-Román
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quesada-Suescun
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zurbano-Goñi
mesh_terms: D046148:Donor Selection; D004620:Embolism, Fat / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055031:Primary Graft Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult