title: Repellent activity of plant-derived compounds against Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs.
abstract: Repellence responses of Amblyomma cajennense nymphs to callicarpenal, intermedeol, Hyptis suaveolens essential oil, extract of Melia azedarach, Cymbopogon nardus, Spiranthera odoratissima, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Ageratum conyzoides, Mentha pulegium, Ruta graveolens, and Memora nodosa were studied. Among these the extract of C. nardus stood out because of the long-lasting repellence, maintaining, in the highest concentration, 35h of protection against 90% of the nymphs. The essential oil of H. suaveolens and the extracts of C. ambrosioides and A. conyzoides showed good repellence index (66%) when applied in high concentrations. However, greater protection could be obtained at higher concentrations but with a shorter repellence time. Callicarpenal, intermedeol, extract of M. Pulegium, and M. nodosa leaves showed moderate repellence in high concentrations. Extracts from M. azedarach, R. graveolens, S. odoratissima, and M. nodosa roots showed little or no repellent effect. These results show that some plant extracts may represent a promising alternative in the control of infestations by A. cajennense.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II Samambaia, Caixa Postal 131, 74001-970 Goiânia, GO, Brazil. sfsoares@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sara Fernandes
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Lígia Miranda Ferreira
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Sousa Braga
authors.forename: Lorena Lopes
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Carla Cristina Braz
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Louly
authors.forename: Leonice Manrique Faustino
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tresvenzol
authors.forename: José Realino
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.forename: Pedro Henrique
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ferri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D031743:Cymbopogon / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000254:growth & development*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts