title: Does point-of-care testing lead to the same or better adherence to medication? A randomised controlled trial: the PoCT in General Practice Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical effectiveness of point-of-care testing (PoCT) with that of pathology laboratory testing, as measured by patients' adherence to medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre, cluster randomised controlled trial using non-inferiority analysis. Medication adherence was assessed twice (in April 2006 and January 2007) by a self-administered questionnaire using the five-item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5).
  
  
  METHODS
  53 Australian general practices in urban, rural and remote areas across three Australian states, September 2005 to February 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  4968 patients with established type 1 or type 2 diabetes, established hyperlipidaemia, or requiring anticoagulant therapy were recruited to the study. Of these, 4381 were included in the analysis (2585 in the intervention group and 1796 in the control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention group (3010 patients in 30 practices) had blood and urine samples tested using PoCT devices within their general practices. The control group (1958 patients in 23 practices) had samples tested by their usual pathology laboratories.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proportion of questionnaire responses indicating medication adherence overall and by condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PoCT was non-inferior to pathology laboratory testing in relation to the proportion of questionnaire responses indicating medication adherence (39.3% v 37.0%) (difference, 2.3% [90% CL, - 0.1%, 4.6%]; P < 0.001). Non-inferiority could also be concluded separately for patients with diabetes (38.5% v 37.3%) (difference, 1.2% [90% CL, -2.5%, 5.0%]; P = 0.01); hyperlipidaemia (38.3% v 37.3%) (difference, 1.0% [90% CL, -1.5%, 3.5%]; P < 0.001) and for patients requiring anticoagulant therapy (44.5% v 41.4%) (difference, 3.1% [90% CL, -2.1%, 8.3%]; P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Having access to immediate test results through PoCT is associated with the same or better medication adherence compared with having test results provided by a pathology laboratory. PoCT used in general practice can provide general practitioners and patients with timely and complete clinical information, facilitating important self-management behaviours such as medication adherence.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN 12605000272695.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Angela.Gialamas@unisa.edu.au
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gialamas
authors.forename: Lisa N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Yelland
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Kristyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Willson
authors.forename: Caroline O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Laurence
authors.forename: Tanya K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Bubner
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tideman
authors.forename: Justin J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Beilby
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants