title: Elementary student self efficacy scale development and validation focused on student learning, peer relations, and resisting drug use.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of a child self efficacy scale for learning, peer interactions, and resisting pressure to use drugs, to use in an elementary school drug prevention education program based on social cognitive theory. A diverse cohort of 392 4th and 5th grade students completed the 20-item self efficacy scale and social support and social skills instruments. The results provide evidence for a valid and reliable 3-factor self efficacy scale. Subscale internal consistency reliability was good to excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.75, 0.83, 0.91). Construct validity was supported by correlations between each subscale and social skills, social support, and demographic data. The scale has potential as a tool to measure self efficacy in children related to learning, peer interactions, and resisting peer pressure to use drugs and to help shape drug education programs.
authors.affiliation: School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. carl@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Carl I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Fertman
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Primack
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012574:Schools; D020377:Self Efficacy; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*