title: Machine-smoking studies of cigarette filter color to estimate tar yield by visual assessment and through the use of a colorimeter.
abstract: This paper explores using the intensity of the stain on the end of the filter ("filter color") as a vehicle for estimating cigarette tar yield, both by instrument reading of the filter color and by visual comparison to a template. The correlation of machine-measured tar yield to filter color measured with a colorimeter was reasonably strong and was relatively unaffected by different puff volumes or different tobacco moistures. However, the correlation of filter color to machine-measured nicotine yield was affected by the moisture content of the cigarette. Filter color, as measured by a colorimeter, was generally comparable to filter extraction of either nicotine or solanesol in its correlation to machine-smoked tar yields. It was found that the color of the tar stain changes over time. Panelists could generally correctly order the filters from machine-smoked cigarettes by tar yield using the intensity of the tar stain. However, there was considerable variation in the panelist-to-panelist tar yield estimates. The wide person-to-person variation in tar yield estimates, and other factors discussed in the text could severely limit the usefulness and practicality of this approach for visually estimating the tar yield of machine-smoked cigarettes.
authors.affiliation: Altria Client Services Inc., 601 E. Jackson Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA. Michael.J.Morton@altria.com
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Heather B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Hjorth
authors.forename: Jennifer H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D003124:Colorimetry; D005374:Filtration; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D019370:Observation; D012907:Smoking; D013638:Tars / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D013638:Tars; C024746:tobacco tar; D009538:Nicotine