title: Endothelial progenitor cells in subclinical hypothyroidism: the effect of thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, and possibly CV disease. However, its management remains controversial. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), expressing both endothelial and stem cell markers, are known to offer a novel CV risk marker.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to ascertain whether EPC count or function is reduced in SCH and whether it improves with T(4) therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  EPC were studied in peripheral blood by fluorescence-activated cell sorter and following in vitro cultures before and after T(4) together with CV risk factors in 20 SCH and healthy controls (HC).
  
  
  METHODS
  EPC count was measured at baseline and after T(4) replacement in SCH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPC count was significantly reduced in SCH compared to HC: median (range)-CD133+/VEGFR-2+, 0.09 (0.02-0.44) vs. 0.47 (0.17-2.12), P < 0.001; CD34+/VEGFR-2+, 0.10 (0.04-0.46) vs. 0.39 (0.11-2.13), P < 0.001; whereas EPC function was similar. There was a significant positive correlation between CD133+/VEGFR-2+ with free T(4) levels (r = 0.38; P = 0.02); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (r = 0.51; P = 0.001); and negative correlation with TSH concentrations (r = -0.64; P < 0.001). After adjustment for conventional CV risk factors, SCH predicted lower EPC count, beta coefficient/P value: CD133+/VEGFR-2+ (-0.77/<0.001), and CD34+/VEGFR-2+ (-0.71/<0.001). In SCH participants, EPC count increased and was similar to HC after T(4); CD133+/VEGFR-2+, 0.32 (0.03-0.94) vs. 0.09 (0.02-0.44), P < 0.001; and CD34+/VEGFR-2+, 0.26 (0.06-0.88) vs. 0.10 (0.04-0.46), P < 0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCH predicted lower EPC count, which improved with T(4) treatment, independent of other CV risk factors, providing additional evidence that T(4) replacement may improve CV risk in SCH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead NE9 6SX, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S K Abdul
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shakoor
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aldibbiat
authors.forename: Lorna E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ingoe
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Latika
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sibal
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Home
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Razvi
authors.forename: Jolanta U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006023:Glycoproteins; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D013974:Thyroxine