title: The multifaceted career of Louis Borsch.
abstract: John Louis Borsch Jr, MD (1873-1929), was an ophthalmologist from Philadelphia who spent most of his career in France. During his lifetime he was probably best known as the inventor of the first fused bifocal lens, which was marketed very successfully as the Kryptok lens. He may be better known today for performing cataract surgery on Mary Cassatt (1844-1926), the American Impressionist artist, and on James Joyce (1882-1941), the Irish author. Little known, but remarkable, is his thesis for his second medical degree, Le Traitement Chirurgical de l'Astigmie (The Surgical Treatment of Astigmatism).
authors.affiliation: University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43623-3081, USA. jamesravin@bex.net
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ravin
mesh_terms: D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000266:history*; D005602:France; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000266:history*; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States