title: Robotic radical prostatectomy in east Asia: development, surgical results and challenges.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The shift toward robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has reshaped the surgical approach for localized prostate cancer in America and many parts of Europe. Its impact on Asia, however, has been somewhat delayed and less widespread compared with western countries. We reviewed and surveyed the evolving trends in robotic prostatectomy in east Asia and describe how the influence of cancer demography, financial reimbursement models, refinements in robotic technology and robotic surgical training will alter the future direction of the procedure in this region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are about 50 systems installed in east Asia. Numerous centers have reported successful implementation of robotic prostatectomy program, with transfusion rate of 7-26.4%. Margin positivity for T2 disease ranges from 9.8 to 24%, whereas continence rates range from 75 to 94% over 3-6 months. Significant increase in number of prostatectomy has been observed in some centers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outlook for robotic prostatectomy in east Asia remains rosy despite the obstacles in financial reimbursement, patient volume and surgical skill development. Future robotic systems with smaller footprint, leaner instrument arms and lower costs will help to accelerate its integration into more Asian hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong. sidneyyip@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Sidney Kh
authors.initials: SKh
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Hong Gee
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Sim
mesh_terms: D005202:Asia, Eastern; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012371:Robotics; D016896:Treatment Outcome