title: Patients with a history of hyperemesis gravidarum have similar symptoms during egg stimulation and develop ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the symptoms and outcomes of ovarian stimulation in patients with a history of hyperemesis gravidarum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in an ongoing study on hyperemesis gravidarum that reported ovarian stimulation for gestational surrogacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of medical records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy history, symptoms, estradiol level and mature oocyte number in cases, and nausea and vomiting level reported in surrogate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three cases in their early thirties with a history of hyperemesis gravidarum presented with severe nausea and vomiting during ovarian stimulation and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Gestational carriers reported normal nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This series provides lessons for in vitro fertilization for cases with a history of hyperemesis gravidarum and their gestational carriers as well as insight into the cause of hyperemesis gravidarum and its potential role in fertility. A link between hyperemesis gravidarum and an evolutionary advantage of increased fertility suggests a novel theory to explain the selection for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. mfejzo@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Marlena S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fejzo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: T Murphy
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Goodwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006939:Hyperemesis Gravidarum / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D016471:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D011247:Pregnancy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013533:Gestational Carriers; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology