title: In pursuit of change: youth response to intensive goal setting embedded in a serious video game.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes has increased in prevalence among youth, paralleling the increase in pediatric obesity. Helping youth achieve energy balance by changing diet and physical activity behaviors should decrease the risk for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Goal setting and goal review are critical components of behavior change. Theory-informed video games that emphasize development and refinement of goal setting and goal review skills provide a method for achieving energy balance in an informative, entertaining format. This article reports alpha-testing results of early versions of theory-informed goal setting and reviews components of two diabetes and obesity prevention video games for preadolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two episodes each of two video games were alpha tested with 9- to 11-year-old youth from multiple ethnic groups. Alpha testing included observed game play followed by a scripted interview. The staff was trained in observation and interview techniques prior to data collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although some difficulties were encountered, alpha testers generally understood goal setting and review components and comprehended they were setting personal goals. Although goal setting and review involved multiple steps, youth were generally able to complete them quickly, with minimal difficulty. Few technical issues arose; however, several usability and comprehension problems were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Theory-informed video games may be an effective medium for promoting youth diabetes and obesity prevention. Alpha testing helps identify problems likely to have a negative effect on functionality, usability, and comprehension during development, thereby providing an opportunity to correct these issues prior to final production.
authors.affiliation: U.S Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. dit@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Debbe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baranowski
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buday
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baranowski
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juliano
authors.forename: McKee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frazior
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilsdon
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jago