title: Bias analysis of the instrumental variable estimator as an estimator of the average causal effect.
abstract: Noncompliance is a common problem in drawing causal inference in randomized trials. The instrumental variable (IV) method estimates the average causal effect in randomized trials with noncompliance. However, the IV estimator generally yields a biased estimate under a non-null hypothesis, although it can yield an unbiased estimate under a null hypothesis. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the potential bias of the IV estimate quantitatively. This paper provides such a quantitative method, which is an extension of bias analysis for unmeasured confounders using the confounding risk difference in the context of observational studies. The proposed method will help investigators to provide a realistic picture of the potential bias of the IV estimate. It is illustrated using a field trial for coronary heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine and Behavioral Science, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan. chibay@med.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chiba
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D015984:Causality; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality; D003376:Counseling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016903:Drug Monitoring