title: Consumption of a legume-enriched, low-glycemic index diet is associated with biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation among men at risk for colorectal cancer.
abstract: The Legume Inflammation Feeding Experiment is, to our knowledge, the first randomized crossover feeding trial testing the effects of a legume-enriched, low-glycemic index (GI) diet among men characterized for colorectal adenomas and insulin resistance (IR) status. This study was designed to test the effects of a legume-enriched diet compared with a healthy American (HA) diet under weight-stable conditions. The primary objective was to assess effects on C-reactive protein (CRP) and C-peptide levels. The secondary objective was to assess changes by IR status or history of adenomas. A total of 64 men who completed a colonoscopy within the previous 2 y consumed 2 diets in random order each for 4 wk separated by a washout period. The diets were a legume-enriched (250 g/d), low-GI (GI 38) diet and a high-GI (GI 69) HA diet. We measured fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, CRP, and soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors I and II (sTNFRI/II) at the beginning and end of the diet periods. Participants who consumed both the legume and HA diets had favorably improved CRP (-20.2 and -18.3%) and sTNFRI (-3.7 and -4.4%) concentrations, respectively. The sTNFRII concentrations declined marginally during the legume diet period (-3.8%; P = 0.060) and significantly during the HA diet period (-5.1%; P < 0.001). Fasting glucose increased significantly during both the legume (+1.8%) and HA (-2.2%) diet periods. Only the changes in glucose differed between the diet periods. Serum C-peptide and plasma insulin levels did not change in participants consuming either diet. Healthful dietary changes can improve biomarkers of IR and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16870, USA. tjh9@psu.edu
authors.forename: Terryl J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Zhiying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagshaw
authors.forename: Penny M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kris-Etherton
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ulbrecht
authors.forename: Carla K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bobe
authors.forename: Nancy H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Colburn
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lanza
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D007887:Fabaceae; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers