title: Volatiles from a mite-infested spruce clone and their effects on pine weevil behavior.
abstract: Induced responses by Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings to feeding damage by two mite species were studied by analyzing the volatiles emitted during infestation. Four specimens of a Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) clone were infested with mites of Nalepella sp., another four with Oligonychus ununguis, and four were kept mite-free as controls. After a year of infestation, spruce volatiles were collected, analyzed, and identified using SPME-GC-MS. In addition, enantiomers of chiral limonene and linalool were separated by two-dimensional GC. Methyl salicylate (MeSA), (-)-linalool, (E)-beta-farnesene, and (E,E)-alpha-farnesene were the main volatiles induced by both species of mites, albeit in different proportions. The ability of the main compounds emitted by the mite-infested spruces to attract or repel the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.), was tested. (E)-beta-farnesene was found to be attractive in the absence of spruce odor, whereas methyl salicylate had a deterrent effect in combination with attractive spruce odor. The other tested compounds had no significant effects on the behavior of the weevils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Ecological Chemistry Group, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kännaste
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nordenhem
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nordlander
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Borg-Karlson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008925:Mites / Q000502:physiology*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028222:Picea / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000469:parasitology*; D010935:Plant Diseases; D014835:Volatilization; D048889:Weevils / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals