title: Association of physical examination with pulmonary artery  catheter parameters in acute lung injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correlate physical examination findings, central venous pressure, fluid output, and central venous oxygen saturation with pulmonary artery catheter parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the multicenter Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial of the National Institutes of Health Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred thirteen patients with acute lung injury randomized to treatment with a pulmonary artery catheter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlation of physical examination findings (capillary refill time >2 secs, knee mottling, or cool extremities), central venous pressure, fluid output, and central venous oxygen saturation with parameters from a pulmonary artery catheter.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined association of baseline physical examination findings and on-study parameters of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation with cardiac index <2.5 L/min/m2 and mixed venous oxygen saturation <60%. We determined correlation of baseline central venous oxygen saturation and mixed venous oxygen saturation and predictive value of a low central venous oxygen saturation for a low mixed venous oxygen saturation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of cardiac index <2.5 and mixed venous oxygen saturation <60% was 8.1% and 15.5%, respectively. Baseline presence of all three physical examination findings had low sensitivity (12% and 8%), high specificity (98% and 99%), low positive predictive value (40% and 56%), but high negative predictive value (93% and 86%) for cardiac index <2.5 and mixed venous oxygen saturation <60%, respectively. Central venous oxygen saturation <70% predicted a mixed venous oxygen saturation <60% with a sensitivity 84%,specificity 70%, positive predictive value 31%, and negative predictive value of 96%. Low cardiac index correlated with cool extremities, high central venous pressure, and low 24-hr fluid output; and low mixed venous oxygen saturation correlated with knee mottling and high central venous pressure, but these correlations were not found to be clinically useful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this subset of patients with acute lung injury, there is a high prior probability that cardiac index and mixed venous oxygen saturation are normal and physical examination findings of ineffective circulation are not useful for predicting low cardiac index or mixed venous oxygen saturation. Central venous oxygen saturation <70% does not accurately predict mixed venous oxygen saturation <60%, but a central venous oxygen saturation >or=70% may be useful to exclude mixed venous oxygen saturation <60%.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care, Intermountain Medical Center and the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. colin.grissom@imail.org
authors.forename: Colin K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Grissom
authors.forename: Alan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Lanken
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ancukiewicz
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Orme
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schoenfeld
authors.forename: B Taylor
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz; D002496:Central Venous Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003422:Critical Care; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010808:Physical Examination; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen