title: Feedback preferences and impressions of waiting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Three experiments examined the effects of various feedback displays on user preference, apparent waiting durations, waiting time reasonableness, and other user experience measures.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  User interface guidelines advocate keeping users informed about system status; however, the duration estimation literature shows that focusing on temporal information makes the wait seem longer. How can designers reconcile these issues?
  
  
  METHODS
  In three experiments, students chose movies from a simulated movie database and then were shown feedback displays (static, sequential dots, constant-rate progress bars, or variable-rate progress bars) for different durations. Users judged how reasonable the wait was and how long it lasted and then ranked their preference for the dialogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pattern of preference results was different from duration-related judgments. Users preferred feedback that provided more information. On the other hand, when judging duration, users perceived simpler interfaces as being most reasonable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different types of feedback are required for reducing perceived wait and increasing preference. Ratings of wait time reasonableness were consistent with the attentional gate theory of prospective timing; attention-demanding activity caused the wait to seem less reasonable. Preference, on the other hand, requires keeping users informed about the progress of operations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Users prefer more feedback rather than less, even if it makes the wait seem less reasonable. However, the constant progress bar performed at the top of both reasonableness and preference, keeping users informed without increasing arousal or focusing attention on temporal stimuli. Other options are also discussed to make duration perceptions more reasonable.
authors.affiliation: Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA. russ.branaghan@asu.edu
authors.forename: Russell J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Branaghan
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D013998:Time Perception; D014584:User-Computer Interface