title: The zymocidial activity of Tetrapisispora phaffii in the control of Hanseniaspora uvarum during the early stages of winemaking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The yeast strain Tetrapisispora phaffii DBVPG 6706 (formerly Kluyveromyces phaffii) secretes a killer toxin (Kpkt) that has antimicrobial activity against apiculate yeasts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the killer activity of Kpkt towards Hanseniaspora uvarum under winemaking conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The zymocidial activity of Kpkt on H. uvarum was assayed in microfermentation trials inoculated with free and immobilized T. phaffii cells. The microbial evolution and fermentation profiles of the wines were evaluated to determine the effects of Kpkt on apiculate yeasts, in comparison with SO(2). The results indicate that the fungicidal activity of Kpkt against H. uvarum is stable for at least 14 days in wine, and the zymocin can control the proliferation of apiculate yeasts. The analytical composition of wines with the inoculum of T. phaffii immobilized cells did not differ from the wines with SO(2). In contrast to wines without this control of apiculate yeasts, an increase in ethyl acetate was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tetrapisispora phaffii is an excellent candidate for the biological control of undesired proliferation of apiculate yeasts during the first steps of fermentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tetrapisispora phaffii cells in an immobilized form can be used as a biocontrol agent to reduce the need for SO(2) addition.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento SAIFET, Sez. Microbiologia Alimentare, Industriale e Ambientale, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Comitini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciani
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000898:Antibiosis; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005285:Fermentation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D055321:Hanseniaspora / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D055646:Killer Factors, Yeast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D055646:Killer Factors, Yeast; C058975:zymocin; C007650:ethyl acetate