title: Analgesic (omega)-conotoxins CVIE and CVIF selectively and voltage-dependently block recombinant and native N-type calcium channels.
abstract: Neuronal (N)-type Ca(2+) channel-selective omega-conotoxins have emerged as potential new drugs for the treatment of chronic pain. In this study, two new omega-conotoxins, CVIE and CVIF, were discovered from a Conus catus cDNA library. Both conopeptides potently displaced (125)I-GVIA binding to rat brain membranes. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, CVIE and CVIF potently and selectively inhibited depolarization-activated Ba(2+) currents through recombinant N-type (alpha1(B-b)/alpha(2)delta1/beta(3)) Ca(2+) channels. Recovery from block increased with membrane hyperpolarization, indicating that CVIE and CVIF have a higher affinity for channels in the inactivated state. The link between inactivation and the reversibility of omega-conotoxin action was investigated by creating molecular diversity in beta subunits: N-type channels with beta(2a) subunits almost completely recovered from CVIE or CVIF block, whereas those with beta(3) subunits exhibited weak recovery, suggesting that reversibility of the omega-conotoxin block may depend on the type of beta-subunit isoform. In rat dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, neither peptide had an effect on low-voltage-activated T-type channels but potently and selectively inhibited high voltage-activated N-type Ca(2+) channels in a voltage-dependent manner. In rat spinal cord slices, both peptides reversibly inhibited excitatory monosynaptic transmission between primary afferents and dorsal horn superficial lamina neurons. Homology models of CVIE and CVIF suggest that omega-conotoxin/voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel interaction is dominated by ionic/electrostatic interactions. In the rat partial sciatic nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain, CVIE and CVIF (1 nM) significantly reduced allodynic behavior. These N-type Ca(2+) channel-selective omega-conotoxins are therefore useful as neurophysiological tools and as potential therapeutic agents to inhibit nociceptive pain pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N4N1 Canada. gberecki@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berecki
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Motin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haythornthwaite
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vink
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drinkwater
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moretta
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Alewood
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D052078:Conus Snail; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D014982:Xenopus laevis; D020960:omega-Conotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D020960:omega-Conotoxins