title: Endophthalmitis after vitrectomy and vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification: incidence and visual outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the incidence of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy and after combined vitrectomy and phacoemulsification surgery and to report the results of treatment in such cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective, noncomparative, interventional study based at a tertiary ophthalmology center in Kuwait. Cases of vitrectomy only and combined vitrectomy with phacoemulsification surgery performed during the period from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2007, were included. Patients undergoing vitrectomy for traumatic etiologies and endophthalmitis were excluded. Patients who developed endophthalmitis after vitrectomy were identified and their records were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients developed endophthalmitis among 2965 cases of all vitrectomy procedures, resulting in an incidence of 0.20%. The incidence of endophthalmitis was 0.12% for cases undergoing vitrectomy (3 out of 2564 cases) and 0.75% for cases undergoing combined vitrectomy and phacoemulsification surgery (3 out of 401 cases), respectively. Three cases were culture positive. Four cases ended up with final visual acuity of perception of hand movements or worse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incidence of endophthalmitis in our series was higher than in other studies. The visual results were poor in 4 out of 6 cases. Earlier diagnosis and more aggressive approach may be needed to improve the results of treatment in these cases.
authors.affiliation: Al Bahar Ophthalmology Center, Kuwait City - Kuwait. vbwani@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Vivek B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Wani
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al Sabti
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Al Kandari
authors.forename: Seemant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raizada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents