title: Palm vitamin E and glucosamine sulphate in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of oral palm vitamin E in reducing symptoms of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee compared to oral glucosamine sulphate.
  
  
  METHODS
  This open study was carried out at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between March 2006 and November 2007. Seventy-nine patients were recruited to receive either 1.5 g oral glucosamine sulphate or 400 mg oral palm vitamin E for 6 months. Symptoms were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index and visual analogue scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-four patients completed the trial (vitamin E n=33, glucosamine sulfate n=31). After 6 months of treatment, both groups showed a significant improvement in WOMAC scale and significant reduction in the VAS score during standing and walking. There was no significant difference in WOMAC scale and VAS score between the 2 groups. Except for mild allergic reaction and abdominal discomfort in one patient, there were no other serious adverse effects reported. Serum malondialdehyde was significantly higher in the glucosamine group compared to palm vitamin E treated group at the end of the study. Serum of vitamin E was significantly higher in the palm vitamin E group compared to glucosamine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding of this study suggests that oral palm vitamin E in a dose of 400 mg taken daily has a potential role in reducing symptoms of patients with OA of the knee. It may be just as effective as glucosamine sulphate in reducing the symptoms and free from serious side effects. Further study is required to ascertain the mechanism of action beside its antioxidant effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. hazla1971@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nor Hazla M
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Haflah
authors.forename: Kamsiah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaarin
authors.forename: Suhail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Masbah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; D005944:Glucosamine