title: Trial-generated profiles for implantation of electrical devices in outpatients with heart failure: real-world prevalence and 1-year outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Randomized controlled trials have generated strong evidence on the efficacy of electrical device therapy in selected patients with heart failure (HF). The enrolment criteria of these three trials generated patient profiles that helped to shape current guidelines on chronic heart failure (CHF) treatment and sudden cardiac death (SCD) prevention. We investigated the prevalence of trial-generated profiles for implantable defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy candidacy among HF outpatients; we explored differences between real-world and trial populations and we evaluated 1-year survival without device treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed Italian Network on Congestive Heart Failure (IN-CHF) registry patients (n = 4977) enrolled in a period (1995-2000) roughly concurrent with the MADIT-II and SCD-HeFT trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding device eligibility, 14.5% IN-CHF patients at entry satisfied MADIT-II criteria, 6.8% satisfied CARE-HF criteria and as many as 47.9% fulfilled SCD-HeFT criteria. One-year overall mortality among non-implanted patients was 1.5 to 2-fold higher in each of these subgroups than in control arms of the corresponding trials. Among registry patients, different trial-profile combinations were associated with a wide range of 1-year outcomes (mortality, 8-35%; SCD/total mortality ratio, 0.35-0.57). Despite clear differences between registry and trial patients in pharmacological therapy (and clinical characteristics), none of the main drug classes independently predicted 1-year mortality in any of the IN-CHF subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As many as half the IN-CHF outpatients fulfilled current criteria for device implantation. Various subgroups had higher 1-year mortality than patients in trial control arms - a finding that may not be entirely attributable to differences in drug therapy (especially beta blockers).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. centro_studi@anmco.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boriani
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rapezzi
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Diemberger
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gonzini
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorini
authors.forename: Donata
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lucci
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sinagra
authors.forename: Robin M T
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Pasquale
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tavazzi
authors.forename: Aldo P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Maggioni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents