title: [Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defects in adult patients: our initial experience].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated our initial experience with percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defects (VSD) in adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percutaneous closure of VSDs in adult patients was launched in 2007 in our center. This study included the first five patients (3 women, 2 men; mean age 32.6 years; range 17 to 44 years) with a perimembranous (n=4) or muscular (n=1) VSD. Before percutaneous intervention, all the patients were assessed by transthoracic (TTE) and, when necessary, transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography, heart catheterization, and ventriculography. Percutaneous closure was performed under fluoroscopy and TEE or TTE guidance using the Amplatzer device (perimembranous asymmetric VSD occluder in perimembranous VSDs and muscular VSD occluder in muscular VSD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean VSD diameter was 7.4 mm (range 5 to 11 mm) by echocardiography, and 8.2 mm (range 6 to 11 mm) by ventriculography. The mean left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was 47.2 mm, and the mean distance between the VSD and the aorta was 5.6 mm. Percutaneous closure was successful in all the patients. Ventriculography obtained immediately after the procedure showed minimal passage from the interventricular septum in three patients, but there was no passage on control TTE examination on the first day after the procedure. Aortic, tricuspid, and mitral valves showed normal function. No rhythm problems were seen. All the patients were discharged within one or two days after the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous closure of VSDs has become a good alternative to surgical repair in recent years, with high success rates and low morbidity. The results of percutaneous closure of VSDs are also successful in adult patients.
authors.affiliation: Izmir Atatürk Eğitim ve Araştirma Hastanesi Kardiyoloji Kliniği, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oktay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ergene
authors.forename: Nihan Kahya
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.forename: Zehra Ilke
authors.initials: ZI
authors.lastname: Akyildiz
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nazli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D004452:Echocardiography; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult