The mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways: role in megakaryocyte differentiation.
Megakaryopoiesis is a process by which bone marrow progenitor cells develop into mature megakaryocytes (MKs), which in turn produce platelets required for normal hemostasis. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family comprises four main groups of proteins: extracellular signal-related kinases (ERKs) (ERK1/2 or p44/p42), ERK5, p38MAPKs (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) and c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs) (JNK 1, 2, 3). These intracellular signaling pathways play a pivotal role in many essential cellular processes including proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge on the role of MAPKs in MKs, specifically regarding differentiation in immortalized cell lines and primary MKs. A critical role of the MEK (MAPK kinase)-ERK1/2 pathway in MK development has been demonstrated although the details remain controversial. There is at present no functional evidence for a role of p38MAPKs whereas the role of JNKs and ERK5 in MK development is not known. Characterization of these molecular event cascades remains crucial for the understanding of the megakaryopoiesis process.
Séverin
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S
Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Ghevaert
C
C
Mazharian
A
A
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008533:Megakaryocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D034061:Thrombopoiesis; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases