title: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome involving the skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurs in 10-25% of unselected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). About 52-78% of these cases involve cutaneous features.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence and incidence of new dermatological conditions within 6 months of patients starting HAART, and to specify the clinical and immunological features and time of onset in patients responding to HAART.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort analysis was performed of 59 treatment-naive patients started on HAART and followed up for 6 months by a clinician trained in dermatology. Medical records were reviewed for new dermatological conditions diagnosed clinically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 30 patients (50.8%) developed 45 new skin conditions at a median of 8 weeks (range 3-24 weeks) after starting HAART. The incidence rate was 104.5 cases per 100 patient-years. Diagnoses included seborrhoeic dermatitis (nine patients), anogenital herpes (seven patients), acne, tinea and folliculitis (six patients each), Kaposi's sarcoma, herpes zoster, genital warts and eczema (two patients each), and molluscum contagiosum, planar warts and pityriasis versicolor (one patient each). Significantly more women (23/38; 60.5%) than men (7/21; 33.3%) (P < 0.05) developed new skin lesions after starting HAART. Baseline median CD4 counts in those with and without IRIS were 60/microL and 62/microL, respectively, and in both groups, the counts increased to > 90/microL by week 12. Baseline median viral load was > 100,000 copies/mL and was < or = 32 copies/mL by week 12. In both groups, the majority of patients were in World Health Organization stages 3 and 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New skin lesions were very common in this cohort, with the majority being women and patients with very low baseline CD4 counts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Osei-Sekyere
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Karstaedt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013019:South Africa; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult