title: Clinical significance of alanine aminotransferase levels and the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers and the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) have not been fully elucidated among hemodialysis (HD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four anti-HCV antibody- and HCV RNA-positive and 154 anti-HCV antibody-negative HD patients who were retrospectively observed for at least 3 years were analyzed. We investigated the factors associated with thrombocytopenia (< 1.3 x 10(5)/microL) and decreased platelet count (PLT) (more than 20% decrease during the follow-up period), which were considered to be indicators of hepatic fibrosis. In addition, another 16 HD patients with HCV who received 300 mg/day UDCA orally for at least 6 months were investigated. Changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and PLT were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the 60.3-months mean follow-up period, HCV infection was independently associated with both thrombocytopenia [odds ratio (OR) 2.589] and decreased PLT (OR 2.339) in 238 HD patients. In 84 HD patients with HCV, the average ALT levels (> or = 15 IU/L) during the follow-up period was associated with thrombocytopenia (OR 3.882) and decreased PLT (OR 4.470). In addition, ALT, AST and GGT significantly decreased at 6 months after starting UDCA, but PLT did not change in 16 HD patients with HCV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that HCV infection is a risk for thrombocytopenia which should be associated with hepatic fibrosis in HD patients. In addition, the clinical course of ALT levels predicts the progression of thrombocytopenia, and UDCA may effectively lower ALT levels in HD patients with HCV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Disease, Health Research Course, Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uto
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oketani
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nosaki
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Manei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oku
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sogabe
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moriuchi
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ido
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsubouchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D000410:Alanine Transaminase