title: An injury risk curve for the hip for use in frontal impact crash testing.
abstract: To facilitate the assessment of hip injury risk in frontal motor-vehicle crashes, an injury risk curve that relates peak force transmitted to the hip to the probability of hip fracture was developed by using survival analysis to fit a lognormal distribution to a recently published dataset of hip fracture forces. This distribution was parameterized to account for the effect of subject stature, which was the only subject characteristic found to significantly affect hip fracture force (X(2)(1)=6.03, p=0.014). The distribution was further parameterized to account for the effects of hip flexion and abduction from a standard driving posture on hip fracture force using relationships between mean hip fracture force and hip flexion/abduction reported in the literature. The resulting parametric distribution was used to define relationships between force applied to the hip and the risk of hip fracture for the statures associated with the small female, midsize male, and large male crash-test dummies, thus allowing these dummies to assess hip fracture/dislocation risk in frontal crashes, provided that such dummies are sufficiently biofidelic. For the midsize male crash test dummy, a 50% risk of hip fracture was associated with a force of 6.00kN. For the small female and large male dummies, a 50% risk of hip fracture was associated with forces of 4.46 and 6.73kN, respectively.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Transportation Research Institute, 2901 Baxter Road Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2150, USA. jrupp@umich.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.forename: Carol A C
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Flannagan
authors.forename: Shashi M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kuppa
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D003198:Computer Simulation; D025981:Hip Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors