title: Localization of white-matter lesions and effect of vascular risk factors in late-onset major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies suggest that patients with late-onset major depression (MD) have an increased load of cerebral white-matter lesions (WMLs) compared with age-matched controls. Vascular risk factors such as hypertension and smoking may confound such findings. Our aim was to investigate the association between the localization and load of WMLs in late-onset MD with respect to vascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 22 consecutive patients with late-onset first-episode MD and 22 age- and gender-matched controls using whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The localization, number and volume of WMLs were compared between patients and controls, while testing the effect of vascular risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among subjects with one or more WMLs, patients displayed a significantly higher WML density in two white-matter tracts: the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and the right frontal projections of the corpus callosum. These tracts are part of circuitries essential for cognitive and emotional functions. Analyses revealed no significant difference in the total number and volume of WMLs between groups. Patients and controls showed no difference in vascular risk factors, except for smoking. Lesion load was highly correlated with smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that lesion localization rather than lesion load differs between patients with late-onset MD and controls. Increased lesion density in regions associated with cognitive and emotional functions may be crucial in late-onset MD, and vascular risk factors such as smoking may play an important role in the pathophysiology of late-onset MD, consistent with the vascular depression hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark. rbdalby@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Dalby
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chakravarty
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahdidan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Jonsdottir
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tehrani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ostergaard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Videbech
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000473:pathology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000473:pathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents