title: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms Gln27Glu, Arg16Gly in patients with heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms Gln27Glu, Arg16Gly and Thr164Ile were suggested to have an effect in heart failure. We evaluated these polymorphisms relative to clinical characteristics and prognosis of alarge cohort of patients with heart failure of different etiologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 501 patients with heart failure of different etiologies. Mean age was 58 years (standard deviation 14.4 years), 298 (60%) were men. Polymorphisms were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the mean follow-up of 12.6 months (standard deviation 10.3 months), 188 (38%) patients died. Distribution of genotypes of polymorphism Arg16Gly was different relative to body mass index (chi2 = 9.797;p = 0.04). Overall the probability of survival was not significantly predicted by genotypes of Gln27Glu, Arg16Gly, or Thr164Ile. Allele and haplotype analysis also did not disclose any significant difference regarding mortality. Exploratory analysis through classification trees pointed towards a potential association between the Gln27Glu polymorphism and mortality in older individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study sample, we were not able to demonstrate an overall influence of polymorphisms Gln27Glu and Arg16Gly of beta-2 receptor gene on prognosis. Nevertheless, Gln27Glu polymorphism may have a potential predictive value in older individuals.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. alfredo.mansur@incor.usp.br
authors.forename: Alfredo José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.forename: Rosana Seleri
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Fontes
authors.forename: Regina Airoldi
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Canzi
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Airlane Pereira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Alencar
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos Pedroso
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.forename: Alexandre Costa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2