title: [Gestational surrogacy].
abstract: After defining surrogate pregnancy and distinguishing cases in which the surrogate mother simply bears the child from those in which she is also the egg donor, the authors summarize foreign legislation in this area, together with the task force subs auditions and the literature. They list arguments for and against removing the current coup ban on surrogate motherhood. Arguments for include:--infertility due to the lack of a uterus, either congenitally or following hysterectomy, or to functional destruction of the uterus, repeated failure of in vitro fertilization, and the existence of a disorder that would threatening the future mother's life if she became pregnant;--perception of this infertility and the resulting suffering as an injustice;--the lack of alternative solutions;--the difficulties of adoption, and the fact that the adopted child does not carry the genes of the adopting parents;--the current recourse to surrogate mothers abroad, which is costly and discriminatory and leaves the child in a difficult legal situation on its return to France;--the generally satisfactory observed outcomes. Arguments against include:--the ban on financial exploitation of the human body;--possible exploitation of the surrogate mother;--the risk of undermining the symbolic value of maternity;--psychological and physical risks for the surrogate mother;--psychological and physical risks for the child;--risks for the surrogate mother's couple and her other children;--risks for the infertile couple;--the risk of abuse; and--financial issues. Two particular cases are envisaged: that in which the surrogate mother is also the biological mother, and that in which the surrogate mother is a member of the family. The French National Academy of Medicine considers that surrogate pregnancy is not only a medical matter but one that raises questions for society as a whole and should be dealt with principally by the legislator. In contrast, the Academy considers that it is within its remit to consider the possible complications that might ensue if this practice were to be legalized. The Academy points out that the long-term mental and physical risks are poorly assessed and recommends that, if surrogate pregnancy were to be legalized, the risks should be strictly evaluated, both objectively and transparently, and the practice should be strictly controlled.
authors.affiliation: L'Académie nationale de médecine.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Henrion
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergoignan-Esper
mesh_terms: D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D033001:Directed Tissue Donation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011639:Public Opinion; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000941:ethics*; D013533:Gestational Carriers / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States