title: Adding an electrocardiogram to the pre-participation examination in competitive athletes: a systematic review.
abstract: No matter how rare, the death of young athletes is a tragedy. Can it be prevented? The European experience suggests that adding the electrocardiogram (ECG) to the standard medical and family history and physical examination can decrease cardiac deaths by 90%. However, there has not been a randomized trial to demonstrate such a reduction. While there are obvious differences between the European and American experiences with athletes including very differing causes of athletic deaths, some would highlight the European emphasis on public welfare vs the protection of personal rights in the USA. Even the authors of this systematic review have differing interpretation of the data: some of us view screening as a hopeless battle against Bayes, while others feel that the ECG can save lives. What we all agree on is that the USA should implement the American Heart Association 12-point screening recommendations and that, before ECG screening is mandated, we need to gather more data and optimize ECG criteria for screening young athletes.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fonda
authors.forename: Vy-Van
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Teferi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitiku
authors.forename: Jeremiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: James V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Euan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: Victor F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Froelicher
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D056352:Athletes; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004562:Electrocardiography; D008403:Mass Screening