title: Thermal esophageal lesions after radiofrequency catheter ablation of left atrial arrhythmias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with left atrial arrhythmias may cause esophageal damage because of the close proximity between the posterior wall of the left atrium and the esophagus. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence, endoscopic characterization, and endoluminal temperature dependency of esophageal thermal lesions after catheter ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 185 consecutive patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation or left atrial macro-re-entrant tachycardia who underwent left atrial radiofrequency catheter ablation were scheduled for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. During the ablation procedure, a non-fluoroscopic three-dimensional system for catheter orientation, computed tomography (CT) image integration, and activation mapping was used. The esophagus was intubated with a temperature probe for visualization within the three-dimensional image and for real-time intraluminal temperature monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 27 (14.6%) asymptomatic ulcer-like or hemorrhagic esophageal thermal lesions with a diameter of 2-16 mm were observed. Esophageal lesions did not occur below an intraluminal esophageal temperature of 41 degrees C. The maximal temperature in the esophagus was significantly higher in patients with thermal lesions than in patients without lesions (42.6+/-1.7 degrees C vs. 41.4+/-1.7 degrees C, P=0.003). For every 1 degrees C increase in endoluminal temperature, the odds of an esophageal lesion increased by a factor of 1.36 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.74, P=0.012). No progression of the lesions was observed during follow-up endoscopies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Localized esophageal ulcer-like lesion is a frequent event after left atrial catheter ablation and can be found in patients whose intraluminal temperature has reached at least 41 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Park-Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. ulrich.halm@parkkrankenhaus-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Halm
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zachäus
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piorkowski
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Knigge
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hindricks
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Husser
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D002056:Burns / Q000209:etiology*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013612:Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D013696:Temperature; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed