title: Defining pathological variables to predict biochemical failure in patients with positive surgical margins at radical prostatectomy: implications for adjuvant radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the utility of estimated tumour volume, number of positive surgical margins (PSMs), and margin location for predicting biochemical failure in patients with PSM, in an attempt to better risk-stratify the heterogeneous group of patients at high risk of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed our database of 2410 patients who had RP, and isolated 423 with PSMs who had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir at undetectable levels. Kaplan-Meier curves were used for univariate survival analysis, with the log-rank test used to examine differences between survival curves. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess the independent main effect of estimated tumour volume, number of PSMs and margin location on biochemical-free survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing estimated tumour volume was directly associated with increasing risk of biochemical failure in patients with PSMs (P = 0.041). Patients with more than one PSM were at greater risk of biochemical failure than those with one PSM (P = 0.001). Margin location had no effect on biochemical-free survival in patients with PSMs. When incorporated into a multivariate Cox regression model including age, preoperative PSA level and pathological Gleason score, estimated tumour volume and number of PSMs remained independent predictors of biochemical recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coupled with other variables before and after RP, both estimated tumour volume and number of PSMs might serve to further discriminate those patients most likely to benefit from immediate adjuvant radiotherapy after RP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. matthew.resnick@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Canter
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Guzzo
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magerfleisch
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tomaszewski
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Brucker
authors.forename: Meredith R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bergey
authors.forename: Seema S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sonnad
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wein
authors.forename: S Bruce
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Malkowicz
mesh_terms: D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen