title: A multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and differentiation of Bluetongue virus and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serogroups.
abstract: Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes disease in domestic and wild ruminants and results in significant economic loss. The closely related Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) has been associated with bluetongue-like disease in cattle. Although U.S. EHDV strains have not been experimentally proven to cause disease in cattle, there is serologic evidence of infection in cattle. Therefore, rapid diagnosis and differentiation of BTV and EHDV is required. The genetic sequence information and bioinformatic analysis necessary to design a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the early detection of indigenous and exotic BTV and EHDV is described. This sequence data foundation focused on 2 conserved target genes: one that is highly expressed in infected mammalian cells, and the other is highly expressed in infected insect cells. The analysis of all BTV and EHDV prototype strains indicated that a complex primer design was necessary for both a virus group-comprehensive and virus group-specific gene amplification diagnostic test. This information has been used as the basis for the development of a rapid multiplex BTV-EHDV real-time RT-PCR that detects all known serotypes of both viruses and distinguishes between BTV and EHDV serogroups. The sensitivity of this rapid, single-tube, real-time RT-PCR assay is sufficient for diagnostic application, without the contamination problems associated with standard gel-based RT-PCR, especially nested RT-PCR tests.
authors.affiliation: USDA, ARS, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, Department 3354, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. william.wilson@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hindson
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: O'Hearn
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tellgren-Roth
authors.forename: Clinton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Pejman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Naraghi-Arani
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Mecham
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lenhoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001819:Bluetongue / Q000453:epidemiology; D001820:Bluetongue virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers; D005784:Gene Amplification; D018164:Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Epizootic / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012088:Reoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012703:Serotyping; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers