title: Modified neoadjuvant short-course radiation therapy in uT3 rectal carcinoma: low local recurrence rate with unchanged overall survival and frequent morbidity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of a modified neoadjuvant short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) in uT3 rectal carcinoma, which, despite local R0 resectability, carries a greater risk of local recurrence than less invasive carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients with uT3 rectal carcinoma < or =10 cm above the anal verge received a modified 8 x 3 Gy pre-operative SCRT. Radiation-associated and peri-operative complications were recorded, and the patients were followed up for long-term oncological outcome and morbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study group, there were no severe adverse radiation-associated effects; the rate of peri-operative morbidity was 54.0% and that of in-hospital mortality is 4.8%. The probability (Kaplan-Meier estimate) of local recurrence was 3.9% with a probability of metachronic distant metastases of 26.8% (5-year rates). We found the probability of 5-year disease-free survival to be 70.5% and that of 5-year overall survival, 59.5%. Long-term complications were reported for 31.7% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to the literature-modified 8 x 3 Gy neoadjuvant SCRT and surgery in uT3, rectal carcinoma was associated with low local recurrence but frequent peri-operative complications. The decisive prognostic factor, distant metastasis, was unaffected. Difficulties included overestimation of tumour invasion depth by endosonography. Possible clinical consequences of the results are discussed.
authors.affiliation: An-Institut für Qualitätssicherung in der operativen Medizin an der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Germany. rainer.kube@med.ovgu.de
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kube
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ptok
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fahlke
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mroczkowski
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lippert
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ziegenhardt
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gastinger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors