title: Nanoindentation methods to measure viscoelastic properties of single cells using sharp, flat, and buckling tips inside ESEM.
abstract: In this paper, methods to measure viscoelastic properties of time-dependent materials are proposed using sharp, flat, and buckling tips inside an environmental SEM. Single W303 yeast cells were employed in this study. Each of the tips was used to indent single cells in a nanoindentation test. Three loading histories were used: 1) a ramp loading history, in which a sharp indenter was used; 2) a step loading history, in which a flat indenter was implemented; and 3) a fast unloading history, in which a buckling nanoneedle was applied. Analysis of the viscoelastic properties of single cells was performed for each of the loading histories by choosing an appropriate theory between the correspondence principle and the functional equation. Results from each of the tests show good agreement, from which strong conclusion can be drawn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. ridzuan@robo.mein.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mohd Ridzuan
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D004548:Elasticity; D008846:Micromanipulation / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014783:Viscosity