title: A comparative study of leukaemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-1alpha intracellular content in a human keratinocyte cell line after exposure to cosmetic fragrances and sodium dodecyl sulphate.
abstract: According to European laws animal testing in cosmetic industry will be prohibited in a few years and it will be replaced by alternative methods based on cell and tissue culture. Many ingredients of cosmetic formulations are potentially causes of skin inflammation and sensibilization. Since cytotoxicity is known, among other factors, to trigger irritation, in an alternative model for evaluation of skin irritation, it can be considered also the precocious release of inflammatory mediators, i.e. cytokines, originating mainly from keratinocytes. In this in vitro study we have analysed some parameters directly or indirectly related to irritation/inflammation, in NCTC 2544 human keratinocytes during short-time exposure to some potential irritants cosmetic fragrances, included in the European Laws 2003/15/EEC. IIC50 was extrapolated by MTT and NRU viability indexes after exposure of cell ultures to Geraniol Limonene and Benzylic Alcohol for 1, 3 and 6h. NCTC cells were then exposed to sub-toxic doses of selected compounds and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expressions were analysed as early proinflammatory cytokines. To our knowledge our findings demonstrated for the first time that NCTC cells synthesize and modulate LIF after exposure to selected irritating stimuli. Moreover, our results give evidence on LIF role as in vitro precocious endpoint for the assessment of the risk in cosmetic field, because its response under irritation stimuli is very quick and comparable to IL-1alpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy. aleparodi1978@libero.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parodi
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanguineti
authors.forename: Mariafrancesca
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Penco
authors.forename: Maria Adelaide
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pronzato
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scanarotti
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bassi
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D019905:Benzyl Alcohol / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077222:Limonene; D010476:Perfume / Q000633:toxicity*; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests / Q000379:methods; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D013729:Terpenes / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D015415:Biomarkers; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D010476:Perfume; D013729:Terpenes; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D000077222:Limonene; C007836:geraniol; D019905:Benzyl Alcohol