title: Examining the effectiveness of traditional audiological assessments for nursing home residents with dementia-related behaviors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is currently estimated that the resident population of individuals over the age of 65 living in nursing homes will double by 2020. Nearly one-third of all nursing home residents have difficulty seeing or hearing, 46% have some form of dementia, and 30-84% of those with dementia in nursing homes show some form of agitation. Nursing home residents who do not receive appropriate audiological services may experience social isolation, cognitive decline and decreased mobility.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effectiveness of standard audiological testing procedures for nursing home residents and to discuss the purpose of adapting assessment procedures that can lead to more effective audiological assessments for this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart analyses. A 33-item coding form was used to complete descriptive analysis of original audiological data and demographic data for 307 nursing home residents for a study to examine the effects of auditory stimulation on dementia-related behavior problems exhibited by nursing home residents through audiotape exposure to environmental sounds or soothing voice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although 77% (n = 235) of the 307 residents were considered compliant for the testing process and 74% (n = 288) tolerated putting on headphones, audiological assessment using air conduction testing could be completed in both ears on 32% (n = 100) of the residents. In fact, only 5% (n = 16) of the 307 residents were able to complete a full traditional audiometric assessment protocol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proper identification of hearing impairment through effective and appropriate audiological assessment is crucial for preserving and enhancing quality-of-life in nursing home residents. This study served as an introduction to the problem of using traditional behavioral testing for hearing assessment of nursing home residents. Much work needs to be done to establish best practices for audiometric assessment in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Alabama, College of Arts and Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0226, USA. cburkhalter@as.ua.edu
authors.forename: Carmen L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Burkhalter
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Denell C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Skaar
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crittenden
authors.forename: Louis D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Burgio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies