title: Insulin sensitization of human preadipocytes through glucocorticoid hormone induction of forkhead transcription factors.
abstract: Glucocorticoids are synthesized locally in adipose tissue and contribute to metabolic disease through the facilitation of adipose tissue expansion. Here we report that exposure of human primary preadipocytes to glucocorticoids increases their sensitivity to insulin and enhances their subsequent response to stimuli that promote differentiation. This effect was observed in primary human preadipocytes but not in immortalized 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes or in fully differentiated primary human adipocytes. Stimulation of insulin signaling was mediated through induction of insulin receptor (IR), IR substrate protein 1 (IRS1), IRS2, and the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide-3-3-kinase, which led to enhanced insulin-mediated activation of Akt. Although induction of IRS2 was direct, induction of IR and IRS1 by glucocorticoids occurred subsequent to primary induction of the forkhead family transcription factors FoxO1A and FoxO3A. These results reveal a new role for glucocorticoids in preparing preadipocytes for differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Julianna J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: Adèle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boudreau
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Houssein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdou Salem
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrigan
authors.forename: AnneMarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mears
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorisky
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atlas
authors.forename: Robert J G
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Haché
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt