title: Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis to evaluate relative hydration status.
abstract: The objective was to present our clinical experience with bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA). Forty-six patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) without oedema, 21 oedematous nephrotic children and 15 in remission from nephrotic syndrome were studied. The age range was 2-14 years. Data were obtained with the vector bioelectric impedance analysis method (Piccoli's RXc graph with 95% confidence ellipses) and compared with normal paediatric values. The mean vector position differs significantly among the groups of evaluated patients (Hotelling T(2) test, p < 0.05). Mean vector position along the 45 degrees direction (major axis of ellipses) indicates a progressive increase in body fluid volume from patients with CKD stage IV to stages II-III to patients in remission from nephrotic syndrome to oedematous subjects. We observed a progressive vector lengthening in children with severe renal disease (separate 95% confidence ellipse). This pattern indicates relative dehydration. BIVA represents a useful clinical tool that is able to detect changes in hydration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliera-University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozzetto
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piccoli
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montini
mesh_terms: D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003681:Dehydration / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance