title: Matrix metalloproteinases: discrete elevations in essential hypertension and hypertensive end-stage renal disease.
abstract: The contribution of inflammation to hypertension and target organ damage is under investigation. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes are inflammatory mediators that may contribute to hypertension and its target organ consequences. Here we probe MMPs as inflammatory mediators in hypertension, by studying all three MMP classes in uncomplicated hypertension as well hypertension with profound renal damage, such as hypertensive end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We assayed plasma levels of five MMPs: one collagenase (MMP-1), two gelatinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), and two stromelysins (MMP-3, MMP-10). In hypertension, MMP-9 was elevated versus normotensive controls. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) in all three subject groups positively correlated with MMP-9. In hypertensive-ESRD, MMP-2 and MMP-10 were elevated compared to both hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Several correlations occurred across MMPs, suggesting coordinate biosynthetic control. Our results suggest discrete patterns of MMP overexpression in hypertension, with MMP-9 elevated early, and MMP-2 and MMP-10 linked to target organ damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Friese
authors.forename: Fangwen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Srikrishna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khandrika
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Geert W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Schmid-Schönbein
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000097:blood; D053506:Matrix Metalloproteinase 10 / Q000097:blood; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000097:blood; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C511768:MMP3 protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; C511770:MMP10 protein, human; D053506:Matrix Metalloproteinase 10; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1