title: MRI detection of new microbleeds in patients with ischemic stroke: five-year cohort follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the development of cerebral microbleeds in patients with ischemic stroke. We studied the incidence of new microbleeds in a cohort of patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack screened for microbleeds at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one surviving patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack were followed up after a mean interval of 5.5 years with repeat MRI and clinical assessment. Predictors of new microbleeds were tested in logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of patients with microbleeds at baseline, 50% had new microbleeds at follow-up compared with 8% of those without baseline microbleeds (P=0.047). The presence of microbleeds at baseline predicted new microbleeds (OR, 12; 95% CI, 1.02 to 141.34; P=0.048), as did mean systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.28 per unit increase; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.33; P<0.001). One patient had a stroke (intracerebral hemorrhage) during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack are at risk of developing new microbleeds over 5.5 years, despite most surviving patients remaining clinically stable. Systolic blood pressure is the strongest predictor of microbleed development; better control of hypertension may help prevent new microbleed formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
authors.forename: Simone M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gregoire
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kallis
authors.forename: H Rolf
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jäger
authors.forename: Tarek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Yousry
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Werring
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*