title: Choosing the best operation for chronic subdural hematoma: a decision analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), a condition much more common in the elderly, presents an increasing challenge as the population ages. Treatment strategies for CSDH include bur-hole craniostomy (BHC), twist-drill craniostomy (TDC), and craniotomy. Decision analysis was used to organize existing data and develop recommendations for effective treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search was used to identify articles about treatment of CSDH. Direct assessment by health care professionals of the relative health impact of common complications and recurrences was used to generate utility values for treatment outcomes. Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analyses allowed comparisons across treatment strategies. A second simulation examined whether intraoperative irrigation or postoperative drainage affect the outcomes following BHC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On a scale from 0 to 1, the utility of BHC was found to be 0.9608, compared with 0.9202 for TDC (p = 0.001) and 0.9169 for craniotomy (p = 0.006). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these values. Craniotomy yielded fewer recurrences, but more frequent and more serious complications than did BHC. There were no significant differences for BHC with or without irrigation or postoperative drainage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bur-hole craniostomy is the most efficient choice for surgical drainage of uncomplicated CSDH. Bur-hole craniostomy balances a low recurrence rate with a low incidence of highly morbid complications. Decision analysis provides statistical and empirical guidance in the absence of well-controlled large trials and despite a confusing range of previously reported morbidity and recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. Bradley.Lega@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Bradley C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lega
authors.forename: Shabbar F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Danish
authors.forename: Neil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Seema S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sonnad
authors.forename: Sherman C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D020200:Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome