title: Utility of preoperative distractive stress radiograph for beginners to extent of medial release in total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the preoperative distractive stress radiographs in order to quantify and predict the extent of medial release according to the degree of varus deformity in primary total knee arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 120 varus, osteoarthritic knee joints (75 patients). The association of the angle on the distractive stress radiograph with extent of medial release was analyzed. The extent of medial release was classified into the following 4 groups according to the stage: release of the deep medial collateral ligament (group 1), release of the posterior oblique ligament and/or semimembranous tendon (group 2), release of the posterior capsule (group 3) and release of the superficial medial collateral ligament (group 4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean femorotibial angle on the preoperative distractive stress radiograph was valgus 2.4 degrees (group 1), valgus 0.8 degrees (group 2), varus 2.1 degrees (group 3) and varus 2.7 degrees (group 4). The extent of medial release increased with increasing degree of varus deformity seen on the preoperative distractive stress radiograph.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preoperative distractive stress radiograph was useful for predicting the extent of medial release when performing primary total knee arthroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Ang
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sung Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Beom Koo
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joon Yub
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016916:Joint Deformities, Acquired / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D017888:Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography