title: Exploration of beneficial and deleterious effects of inflammation in stroke: dynamics of inflammation cells.
abstract: The inflammatory process during stroke consists of activation of resident brain microglia and recruitment of leucocytes, namely neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. During inflammation, microglial cells, neutrophils and macrophages secrete inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and phagocytize dead cells. The recruitment of blood cells (neutrophils and macrophages) is mediated by the leucocyte-endothelium interactions and more specifically by cell adhesion molecules. A mathematical model is proposed to represent the dynamics of various brain cells and of immune cells (neutrophils and macrophages). This model is based on a set of six ordinary differential equations and explores the beneficial and deleterious effects of inflammation, respectively phagocytosis by immune cells and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide (NO). The results of our simulations are qualitatively consistent with those observed in experiments in vivo and would suggest that the increase of phagocytosis could contribute to the increase of the percentage of living cells. The inhibition of the production of cytokines and NO and the blocking of neutrophil and macrophage infiltration into the brain parenchyma led also to the improvement of brain cell survival. This approach may help to explore the respective contributions of the beneficial and deleterious roles of the inflammatory process in stroke, and to study various therapeutic strategies in order to reduce stroke damage.
authors.affiliation: Faculté de Médecine Laënnec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France. tl@upcl.univ-lyon1.fr
authors.forename: Taïssia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lelekov-Boissard
authors.forename: Guillemette
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chapuisat
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Boissel
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grenier
authors.forename: Marie-Aimée
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dronne
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D020521:Stroke / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines