title: Cardiac risk assessment before the use of stimulant medications in children and youth: A joint position statement by the Canadian Paediatric Society, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society, and the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
abstract: Regulatory decisions and scientific statements regarding the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) raise questions about the safety of medications and the appropriate pretreatment evaluation to determine suitability for treatment with medication. This is particularly true in the setting of known structural or functional heart disease. The present paper reviews the available data, including peer-reviewed literature, data from the United States Food and Drug Administration Web site on reported adverse reactions in children using stimulant medication, and Health Canada data on the same problem. A consensus-based guideline on appropriate assessment is provided, based on input from members of the Canadian Paediatric Society, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society and the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, with specific expertise and knowledge in the areas of both ADHD and pediatric cardiology. The present statement advocates a thorough history and physical examination before starting stimulant medications, with an emphasis on the identification of risk factors for sudden death, but does not routinely recommend electrocardiographic screening or cardiac subspecialist consultation unless indicated by history or physical examination findings. A checklist for identifying children who are potentially at risk of sudden death (independent of ADHD or medications used to treat it) is provided. Although recommendations are based on the best evidence currently available, the committee further agrees that more research on this subject is necessary to optimize the approach to this common clinical scenario.
authors.affiliation: IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. andrew.warren@iwk.iwk.nshealth.ca
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bélanger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gow
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanatani
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lougheed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schachar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002170:Canada; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants