title: Do neighborhood and home contexts help explain why low-income children miss opportunities to participate in activities outside of school?
abstract: In this study, children's participation (N = 1,420) in activities outside of elementary school was examined as a function of disparities in family income using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Child Development Supplement. Children's neighborhood and home environments were investigated as mechanisms linking income disparities and participation rates. Family income was positively associated with children's participation in activities, with the largest effect sizes evident for children at the lowest end of the income distribution. Affluence in the neighborhood and cognitive stimulation in the home were both important mediators of the association between income and participation, explaining from approximately one tenth to one half of the estimated associations between income and participation.
authors.affiliation: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Lynch School of Education, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA. dearinge@bc.edu
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dearing
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wimer
authors.forename: Sandra D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Simpkins
authors.forename: Terese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bouffard
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caronongan
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kreider
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D003071:Cognition; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011203:Poverty; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012574:Schools; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors