title: Unexpected persistent left superior vena cava and absent right superior vena cava in situs solitus patient.
abstract: We, herein, report a patient with persistent left superior vena cava with enlarged coronary sinus and absent right superior vena cava. This anomaly, diagnosed intraoperatively during the third open-heart surgery in the course of transesophageal echocardiography examination, was not mentioned during the patient's previous two cardiac operations. Challenges in intraoperative management and implications for subsequent treatments are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida 33139, USA. EGologorsky@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gologorsky
authors.forename: Francisco Igor B
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: Enisa M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Radhika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Govindaswamy
authors.forename: Tomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Salerno
mesh_terms: D054326:Coronary Sinus / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012857:Situs Inversus / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging