title: Bone health in HIV infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis is among the chronic problems emerging as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive population ages.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the English language bibliography using Pubmed 2.0, Web of Science and Embase for relevant abstracts and articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture is increased in the HIV-positive population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pathogenesis is multifactorial; there is some evidence that HIV infection is an independent risk factor and that highly active antiretroviral therapy has adverse skeletal effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians should routinely review the bone health of all HIV patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More studies of the mechanisms of bone loss, the skeletal effects of antiretroviral therapy and the therapeutic outcome of bone-protective therapy in HIV-positive individuals are needed.
authors.affiliation: Clinical School of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Angelos-Emmanouil
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Klotsas
authors.forename: Juliet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Compston
authors.forename: Effrossyni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gkrania-Klotsas
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates