title: Functional genomic screens identify CINP as a genome maintenance protein.
abstract: The DNA damage response (DDR) has a critical role in maintaining genome integrity and serves as a barrier to tumorigenesis by promoting cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. The DDR is activated not only by genotoxic agents that induce DNA damage, but also during aberrant cell-division cycles caused by activated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressors. Here we use RNAi and cDNA overexpression screens in human cells to identify genes that, when deregulated, lead to activation of the DDR. The RNAi screen identified 73 genes that, when silenced in at least two cell types, cause DDR activation. Silencing several of these genes also caused an increased frequency of micronuclei, a marker of genetically unstable cells. The cDNA screen identified 97 genes that when overexpressed induce DDR activation in the absence of any exogenous genotoxic agent, with an overrepresentation of genes linked to cancer. Secondary RNAi screens identified CDK2-interacting protein (CINP) as a cell-cycle checkpoint protein. CINP interacts with ATR-interacting protein and regulates ATR-dependent signaling, resistance to replication stress, and G2 checkpoint integrity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Courtney A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lovejoy
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bansbach
authors.forename: Gloria G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Glick
authors.forename: Runxiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Bianca M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Sirbu
authors.forename: Laura C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Titus
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cortez
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015894:Genome, Human; D023281:Genomics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: C521194:ATRIP protein, human; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C510853:CINP protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases