title: Design and development of an automated flow injection instrument for the determination of arsenic species in natural waters.
abstract: The design and development of an automated flow injection instrument for the determination of arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] in natural waters is described. The instrument incorporates solenoid activated self-priming micropumps and electronic switching valves for controlling the fluidics of the system and a miniature charge-coupled device spectrometer operating in a graphical programming environment. The limits of detection were found to be 0.79 and 0.98 microM for As(III) and As(V), respectively, with linear range of 1-50 microM. Spiked ultrapure water samples were analyzed and recoveries were found to be 97%-101% for As(III) and 95%-99% for As(V), respectively. Future directions in terms of automation, optimization, and field deployment are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, California Lutheran University, 60 West Olsen Road, Thousand Oaks, California 91360-2787, USA.
authors.forename: Grady
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hanrahan
authors.forename: Tina K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kantor
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cardenas
authors.forename: Darrell W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Guillaume
authors.forename: Crist S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Khachikian
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D001331:Automation; D002138:Calibration; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000379:methods*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055100:Optical Fibers; D012984:Software; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants; D014867:Water; D001151:Arsenic