title: The effect of atypical antipsychotics on pituitary gland volume in patients with first-episode psychosis: a longitudinal MRI study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pituitary volume is currently measured as a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hyperactivity in patients with psychosis despite suggestions of susceptibility to antipsychotics. Qualifying and quantifying the effect of atypical antipsychotics on the volume of the pituitary gland will determine whether this measure is valid as a future estimate of HPA-axis activation in psychotic populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the qualitative and quantitative effect of atypical antipsychotic medications on pituitary gland volume in a first-episode psychosis population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pituitary volume was measured from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images in a group of 43 first-episode psychosis patients, the majority of whom were neuroleptic-naïve, at baseline and after 3months of treatment, to determine whether change in pituitary volume was correlated with cumulative dose of atypical antipsychotic medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant baseline difference in pituitary volume between subjects and controls, or between neuroleptic-naïve and neuroleptic-treated subjects. Over the follow-up period there was a negative correlation between percentage change in pituitary volume and cumulative 3-month dose of atypical antipsychotic (r=-0.37), i.e. volume increases were associated with lower doses and volume decreases with higher doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atypical antipsychotic medications may reduce pituitary gland volume in a dose-dependent manner suggesting that atypical antipsychotic medication may support affected individuals to cope with stress associated with emerging psychotic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
authors.forename: John-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Nicolo
authors.forename: Gregor E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Belinda A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Velakoulis
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Markulev
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: McGorry
authors.forename: Tina-Marie
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Proffitt
authors.forename: Mirabel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McConchie
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pantelis
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents