title: Differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) to quantitatively monitor early symbiosis- and pathogenesis-induced changes of the Medicago truncatula root proteome.
abstract: Symbiosis- and pathogenesis-related early protein induction patterns in the model legume Medicago truncatula were analysed with two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Two symbiotic soil microorganisms (Glomus intraradices, Sinorhizobium meliloti) were used in single infections and in combination with a secondary pathogenic infection by the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches. Proteomic analyses performed 6 and 24h after inoculations led to identification of 87 differentially induced proteins which likely represent the M. truncatula root 'interactome'. A set of proteins involved in a primary antioxidant defense reaction was detected during all associations investigated. Symbiosis-related protein induction includes a typical factor of early symbiosis-specific signalling (CaM-2), two Ran-binding proteins of nucleocytoplasmic signalling, and a set of energy-related enzymes together with proteins involved in symbiosis-initiated C- and N-fixation. Pathogen-associated protein induction consists of mainly PR proteins, Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitors, a lectin, and proteins related to primary carbohydrate metabolism and phytoalexin synthesis. Absence of PR proteins and decreased pathogen-induced protein patterns during mixed symbiotic and pathogenic infections indicate bioprotective effects due to symbiotic co-infection. Several 14-3-3 proteins were found as predominant proteins during mixed infections. With respect to hormone-regulation, A. euteiches infection led to induction of ABA-related pathways, while auxin-related pathways are induced during symbiosis.
authors.affiliation: University of Bielefeld, Dept. 7, Proteome and Metabolome Research, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schenkluhn
authors.forename: Natalija
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hohnjec
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niehaus
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Colditz
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D044744:Aphanomyces / Q000502:physiology; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D055137:Glomeromycota / Q000502:physiology; D046913:Medicago truncatula / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D016962:Sinorhizobium meliloti / Q000502:physiology; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; C053376:pathogenesis-related proteins, plant