title: Treatment response in depressed adolescents with and without co-morbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), fluoxetine (FLX) and the combination of fluoxetine with cognitive-behavioral therapy (COMB) had superior improvement trajectories compared to pill placebo (PBO), whereas cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was not significantly different from PBO. Because attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-exist, we examined whether ADHD moderated these outcomes in TADS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 439 adolescents with MDD, 12-17 years old, were randomized to FLX, CBT, COMB, or PBO. Random coefficients regression models examined depression improvement in 377 depressed youths without ADHD and 62 with ADHD, including 20 who were treated with a psychostimulant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the ADHD group, the improvement trajectories of the three active treatments were similar, all with rates of improvement greater than PBO. For those without ADHD, only COMB had a rate of improvement that was superior to PBO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-morbid ADHD moderated treatment of MDD. CBT alone or FLX alone may offer benefits similar to COMB in the treatment of MDD in youths with co-morbid MDD and ADHD, whereas monotherapy may not match the benefits of COMB for those without ADHD. The ADHD subgroup analysis presented in this paper is exploratory in nature because of the small number of youths with ADHD in the sample.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  www.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00006286. The TADS protocol and all of the TADS manuals are available on the Internet at https://trialweb.dcri.duke.edu/tads/index.html .
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska, USA. ckratoch@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kratochvil
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Madaan
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Puumala
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walkup
authors.forename: Hayden
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kepley
authors.forename: Benedetto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vitiello
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: March
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors