title: Commercial runner peanut cultivars in the United States: tocopherol composition.
abstract: Tocopherols in commercially grown normal, mid- and high-oleic Runner peanuts from 2005 and 2006 were quantified to give accurate vitamin E contents. Tocopherols were extracted from raw peanuts by a direct solvent extraction procedure using 10% ethyl acetate in hexanes that provided percent recoveries of 105.4, 101.2, 103.9, and 102.8 for alpha-tocopherol (T), beta-T, gamma-T, and delta-T, respectively. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were noted in total tocopherol levels in normal- (22.4 mg/100 g), mid- (23.9 mg/100 g), and high-oleic (22.4 mg/100 g) Runner peanuts. alpha-T levels did vary significantly among the Runner cultivars classified by their oleic acid content (mid, 11.7 mg/100 g; normal, 10.9 mg/100 g; high, 9.8 mg/100 g). Cultivar effects were highly significant (P < 0.001) for alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-T and total tocopherol contents, whereas production year effects were highly significant for alpha- and beta-T levels. Year x cultivar interactions were not significant (P > 0.05). Cluster analysis segregated the cultivars into two major groups represented by lower alpha-T and higher gamma-T levels (cluster A) and high alpha-T and low gamma-T levels (cluster B) (P < 0.05). The mean alpha-T level in Runner peanuts (151 samples) was 10.5 +/- 1.5 mg/100 g, which is 26.7% greater than the imputed value for peanuts, all types (NBD 16087) provided by the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602-7610, USA.
authors.forename: Eui-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Yue-Zhong
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Pegg
authors.forename: R Dixon
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Ronald R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Eitenmiller
mesh_terms: D010367:Arachis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D024505:Tocopherols