title: A phase II trial of erlotinib monotherapy in pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who do not possess active EGFR mutations: Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group trial 0705.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Efficacy of gefitinib therapy strongly depends on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutation status in Asian patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Recently, the survival advantage of erlotinib, another tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was not affected by EGFR mutation status in a phase III trial, indicating that patients with EGFR-wild-type (EGFR-wt) tumors might also benefit from this tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of erlotinib in Japanese patients with EGFR-wt tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary end point was an objective response. Patients with EGFR-wt tumors previously receiving one to three chemotherapy regimens were enrolled in this trial. The mutation status was assessed using the peptide nucleic acid-locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction clamp method. Erlotinib was administered (150 mg/d) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients were enrolled between January and December 2008. Objective response was observed in one patient (3.3%), and the disease became stable in 18 patients (60.0%). Skin rash was the most common side effect. Grades 3-4 adverse events included pulmonary embolism, keratitis, and anemia. Two other patients developed interstitial lung disease (grades 1 and 2). Nevertheless, all these events were reversible, resulting in no treatment-related deaths. With a median follow-up time of 10.7 months, the median survival time and median progression-free survival times were 9.2 and 2.1 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first prospective biomarker study showing that erlotinib therapy for pretreated patients with EGFR-wt tumors seems to have a modest activity with no irreversible toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiura
authors.forename: Nagio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takigawa
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harita
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuyama
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: Haruhito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bessho
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Mitsune
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors