title: Impact of substance use on the physical health of patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the impact of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis on metabolic profile and cardiovascular risk in bipolar patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Naturalistic, cross-sectional, multicenter Spanish study. Current use of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis was determined based on patient self-reports. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute criteria, and cardiovascular risk using the Framingham and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 46.6 years, 49% were male. Substance use: 51% tobacco, 13% alcohol and 12.5% cannabis. Patients who reported consuming any substance were significantly younger and a higher proportion was male. After controlling for confounding factors, tobacco was a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) (unstandardized linear regression coefficient 3.47, 95% confidence interval 1.85-5.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substance use, mainly tobacco, was common in bipolar patients. Tobacco use negatively impacted CHD risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. albert@uniovi.es
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Garcia-Portilla
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Saiz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benabarre
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Florez
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bascaran
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bousoño
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bobes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism