title: Execution and outcome differences between passes to the left and right made by first-grade rugby union players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine bilateral ball-passing skills whilst running amongst first-grade rugby union footballers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within-group design
  
  
  METHODS
  NSW Rugby Training facilities, Moore Park, Sydney.
  
  
  METHODS
  One international player used as a case study and twenty, first grade rugby union players.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-speed film was first used to capture the performance of an international rugby player in a reactive test situation. Next the reactive test situation was set up with four video cameras recording the passes that twenty first-grade rugby players threw left or right as directed, towards distant targets. Each pass was assessed for distance, accuracy and head turn towards the target. Reaction Time, Movement Time and Total Time of each pass were also considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amongst the twenty first-grade rugby union players, most of the passes to the non-preferred side were forward passes - 57% vs 15% forward passes on the preferred side. For passes to the non-preferred side there was a greater chance of the combination of longer Reaction Time and shorter Movement Time that led to the ball being released before it was sufficiently around the body for the pass to be legal. Non-preferred side passes also travelled less distance than passes to the preferred side (13.5m vs 15.4m). Forward passes to either side were accompanied by less head turn, and had shorter movement time, than legal passes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simply using greater effort to achieve more head turn could increase the risk of injury. Research on specific training of the balance and coordination components of ball-passing on the run is needed to obtain greater equality between sides of this nominally bilateral rugby skill.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, PO Box 170 Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. spav6420@mail.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pavely
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Di Francesco
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larkham
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Maher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D005538:Football; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009517:New South Wales; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011930:Reaction Time; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult