title: Novel Sinorhizobium meliloti quorum sensing positive and negative regulatory feedback mechanisms respond to phosphate availability.
abstract: The Sin quorum sensing system of Sinorhizobium meliloti depends upon at least three genes, sinR, sinI and expR, and N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as signals to regulate multiple processes in its free-living state in the rhizosphere and in the development towards symbiosis with its plant host. In this study, we have characterized novel mechanisms of transcription control through which the system regulates itself. At low AHL levels a positive feedback loop activates expression of sinI (AHL synthase), resulting in amplification of AHL levels. At high AHL levels, expression of sinI is reduced by a negative feedback loop. These feedback mechanisms are mediated by the LuxR-type regulators ExpR and SinR. Expression of sinR and expR is regulated by ExpR in the presence of AHLs. A novel ExpR binding site in the promoter of sinR is responsible for the reduction of expression of this gene. In addition, expression of sinR, upon which sinI expression is dependent, is induced by phoB during growth under phosphate-limiting conditions. This indicates that this response ensures quorum sensing in phosphate-restricted growth.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D054742:Acyl-Butyrolactones / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005246:Feedback; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D053038:Quorum Sensing; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016962:Sinorhizobium meliloti / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D054742:Acyl-Butyrolactones; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010710:Phosphates; C061278:PhoB protein, Bacteria; C076733:FlaD protein, Bacteria