title: HIV-1 Vif-mediated ubiquitination/degradation of APOBEC3G involves four critical lysine residues in its C-terminal domain.
abstract: During coevolution with the host, HIV-1 developed the ability to hijack the cellular ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway to counteract the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G (A3G), a host cytidine deaminase that can block HIV-1 replication. Abrogation of A3G function involves the HIV-1 Vif protein, which binds A3G and serves as an adapter molecule to recruit A3G to a Cullin5-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Structure-guided mutagenesis of A3G focused on the 14 most surface-exposed Lys residues allowed us to identify four Lys residues (Lys-297, 301, 303, and 334) that are required for Vif-mediated A3G ubiquitination and degradation. Substitution of Arg for these residues confers Vif resistance and restores A3G's antiviral activity in the presence of Vif. In our model, the critical four Lys residues cluster at the C terminus, opposite to the known N-terminal Vif-interaction region in the protein. Thus, spatial constraints imposed by the E3 ligase complex may be an important determinant in Vif-dependent A3G ubiquitination.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan. iwataniy@nnh.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwatani
authors.forename: Denise S B
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshii
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Judith G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gronenborn
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sugiura
mesh_terms: D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D002460:Cell Line; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D054875:Ubiquitination; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514847:vif protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D008239:Lysine