Factors Affecting the Fluxes of Potassium and Chloride Ions in Nitella translucens.
A more complete study of ionic concentrations and fluxes in the giant internodal cells of Nitella translucens has been made. The vacuolar concentrations were 76 mM K and 170 mM Cl. The content of the chloroplast layer was 135 mmicromoles K/cm(2) and 215 mmicromoles Cl/cm(2); in a layer 9 micro thick these correspond to concentrations of 150 mM K and 240 mM Cl. Such a high level of chloride requires active transport of chloride into the cytoplasm, either at the plasmalemma or at the membranes bounding the cytoplasmic particles; it cannot be achieved by active transport of chloride only at the tonoplast. With concentrations of 0.1 mM K and 1.3 mM Cl outside, the fluxes into the cytoplasm had mean values of 1.0 to 1.4 micromicromoles K/cm(2)sec. and 2.1 to 2.8 micromicromoles Cl/cm(2)sec.; the corresponding fluxes from the cytoplasm to the vacuole were about 110 micromicromoles K/cm(2)sec. and 175 micromicromoles Clcm(2)sec. The transfer of both potassium and chloride to the vacuole under different conditions appeared to be correlated with the uptake of chloride into the cytoplasm. It is suggested that two separate processes are involved in the active accumulation of salts in the vacuole-an active uptake of chloride in the cytoplasm and a subsequent transfer of salt to the vacuole. It may be that the second process involves the formation of small vesicles in the cytoplasm and their subsequent discharge into the central vacuole.
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Botany School, University of Cambridge, England.