title: Chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils and various extracts of Juniperus phoenicea L. (Cupressacees).
abstract: GC-FID and GC-MS analysis of essential oils of Juniperus phoenicea resulted in the identification of 30 compounds, representing more than 98% of the total composition. alpha-pinene (55.7% and 80.7%), delta-3-carene (10.7% and 4.5%), and gamma-cadinene (2.9% and 5.1%) were the main components, respectively, in leaves and berries essential oil. Extracts of J. phoenicea were obtained by different extraction solvents: methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane and evaluated composition for polyphenols (gallic acid equivalent 52 to 217 g/kg), tannins (catechin equivalent 6.5 to 60.2 g/kg), antocyanins (cyanidin equivalent 84 to 373 mg/kg), and flavonoids (quercetin equivalent 6.4 to 29.3 g/kg). The samples (essential oils and extracts) were subjected to a screening for their antioxidant activity by using DPPH and ABTS assays; antimicrobial activity was tested with 6 bacteria (3 Gram-positive and 3 Gram-negative), 1 yeast, and 2 fungi. The strongest antioxidant activity was obtained by the methanolic extract (IC(50)= 6.5 +/- 0.3 mg/L). Flavonoids are likely to contribute to the antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Correlations were studied between chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Matériaux, IPEST, BP51, La Marsa 2070, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Monia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ennajar
authors.forename: Jalloul
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bouajila
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lebrihi
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.forename: Manef
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abderraba
authors.forename: Aly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raies
authors.forename: Mehrez
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romdhane
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057168:Distillation; D005410:Flame Ionization; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D018653:Juniperus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols; D013045:Species Specificity; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis; D015003:Yeasts / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D013634:Tannins