title: THE EFFECT OF LIGHT INTENSITY, AREA, AND FLICKER FREQUENCY ON THE VISUAL REACTIONS OF THE HONEY BEE.
abstract: 1. For the phototropic reaction of bees, the stimulating effects of two illuminated fields differing in intensity and area become equal when the product of area and intensity is the same for both fields. 2. The effect of two areas differing in size and flicker frequency is the same for the bee, when the product of area and flicker frequency is equal for both fields. 3. If two patterns of the same character but varying in size and coarseness are presented to bees for free choice, a 1:1 ratio of choices is obtained when both patterns stimulate equal numbers of retinal elements alternately by transition from one state of excitation to another.
authors.affiliation: Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zerrahn-Wolf