title: Emergency cervical cerclage: predictors of success.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document predictors of success of emergency cervical cerclage.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective cohort study of 8 years at a university hospital. Emergency cerclage was defined as when the membranes were at or beyond the external os and was only performed where evidence of infection or labour were absent. Outcomes used were interval between cerclage and delivery, gestation at delivery; a 'good outcome' was defined as delivery after 32 weeks and healthy at discharge. Predictive factors for a successful pregnancy outcome were analysed using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five emergency cerclages were performed, including 11 twin pregnancies. Twenty-one (47%) had a 'good outcome', including two twin pregnancies; 20 (44%) pregnancies reached 36 weeks. In 79.2% of 'poor outcomes' chorioamnionitis was found. Prolapsed membranes, advanced cervical dilatation, maternal symptoms and equivocal markers of infection were associated with a poor outcome, but not consistently enough to dictate management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the poor natural history of an open external os, emergency cerclage appears beneficial. That this might apply to twin pregnancies has implications for their management. Although success is indeed partly predictable, it can still be achieved even when there is advanced dilatation, prolapse, bleeding or discomfort.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Fetal Medicine Unit, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. dr_m_gupta@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Emary
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Impey
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D023802:Cerclage, Cervical / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D047929:Term Birth / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome