title: Effect of forced swimming stress on count, motility and fertilization capacity of the sperm in adult rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether 50 days of forced swimming stress applied to adult male rats affects count, motility and fertilization capacity of sperm.
  
  
  METHODS
  It is a prospective study designed in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total 30 adult male wistar rats were used in this study. All rats were divided into two equal groups (n = 15): (1) control group and (2) experimental group. Animals of the experimental group were submitted to force swimming stress for 3 min in water at 32 degrees C daily for 50 days. Then, all male rats were sacrificed, the right epididymides were removed and sperm concentration and motility were determined. The sperm suspension was added to the ova. Fertilization capacity was assessed by counting two-cell embryos 24-26 h after completion of fertilization in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are reported as mean +/- SD and percentage. The difference between the control and experimental groups was determined by the unpaired t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean and standard deviation of sperm concentration in the control and experimental groups were 60.8 +/- 9.3 10 6 /ml and 20.4 +/- 5.3 10 6 /ml, respectively. There was a statistical difference of P < 0.05 between the two groups in terms of sperm concentration. The percentage of motility in the experimental group was significantly different ( P < 0.05). The same results were obtained in case of fertility ( P < 0.05). Stress caused by forced swimming was observed by a significant increase in the latency of the pain response in the hot-plate test ( P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that forced swimming stress in time course equal or more than spermatogenesis period, i.e. 48-50 days in the rat will be significantly effective to reduce the number and motility of sperms as well as the fertilization capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory of Cell Culture, Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Physiology Research Center, Joundishapour University; Apadana Clinical Research Center, Private Hospital of Apadana, Ahwaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghasem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saki
authors.forename: Fakher
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahim
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alizadeh