title: [Protective effects and machanism of muskone on pheochromocytoma cell injure induced by glutamate].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the mechanism of glutamate (Glu)-induced PC12 cell apoptosis and the protective effect of muscone.
  
  
  METHODS
  PC12 cells were randomly divided into six groups: normal group (Normal), model group injured by glutamate (Glu), nimodipine group (Nim) and muskone groups (Mus) of high, middle and low doses. The PC12 cells were pretreated with or without different concentrations of muskone for 30 min and then exposed to glutamate. MTT assay for cell survival, flow cytometric detection of apoptotic cells, DCF assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and flow cytometric assay was performed to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cell.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PC12 cell damage, the concentrations of [Ca2+], and apoptosis induced by Glu were decreased after being administrated with paeoniflorin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Muskone inhibited Glu-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. The mechanism is related to inhibiting intracellular Ca2+ overload and maintaining mitochondral membrance potential.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Research Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China. sunrong107@163.com
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zuoping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003516:Cycloparaffins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D003516:Cycloparaffins; D020011:Protective Agents; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002118:Calcium; C031021:muscone