Bone health in HIV infection.
BACKGROUND
Osteoporosis is among the chronic problems emerging as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive population ages.


METHODS
We reviewed the English language bibliography using Pubmed 2.0, Web of Science and Embase for relevant abstracts and articles.


RESULTS
The prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture is increased in the HIV-positive population.


RESULTS
The pathogenesis is multifactorial; there is some evidence that HIV infection is an independent risk factor and that highly active antiretroviral therapy has adverse skeletal effects.


CONCLUSIONS
Physicians should routinely review the bone health of all HIV patients.


CONCLUSIONS
More studies of the mechanisms of bone loss, the skeletal effects of antiretroviral therapy and the therapeutic outcome of bone-protective therapy in HIV-positive individuals are needed.
Pollock
Emily
E
Clinical School of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Klotsas
Angelos-Emmanouil
AE
Compston
Juliet
J
Gkrania-Klotsas
Effrossyni
E
D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates