title: A selective eradication of human nonhereditary breast cancer cells by phenanthridine-derived polyADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  PARP-1 (polyADP-ribose polymerase-1) is known to be activated in response to DNA damage, and activated PARP-1 promotes DNA repair. However, a recently disclosed alternative mechanism of PARP-1 activation by phosphorylated externally regulated kinase (ERK) implicates PARP-1 in a vast number of signal-transduction networks in the cell. Here, PARP-1 activation was examined for its possible effects on cell proliferation in both normal and malignant cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro (cell cultures) and in vivo (xenotransplants) experiments were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phenanthridine-derived PARP inhibitors interfered with cell proliferation by causing G2/M arrest in both normal (human epithelial cells MCF10A and mouse embryonic fibroblasts) and human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA231. However, whereas the normal cells were only transiently arrested, G2/M arrest in the malignant breast cancer cells was permanent and was accompanied by a massive cell death. In accordance, treatment with a phenanthridine-derived PARP inhibitor prevented the development of MCF-7 and MDA231 xenotransplants in female nude mice. Quiescent cells (neurons and cardiomyocytes) are not impaired by these PARP inhibitors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results outline a new therapeutic approach for a selective eradication of abundant nonhereditary human breast cancers.
authors.affiliation: The Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute and Dept, of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel. dana.rozen@gmail.com
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inbar-Rozensal
authors.forename: Asher
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castiel
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Visochek
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castel
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dantzer
authors.forename: Shai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izraeli
authors.forename: Malka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen-Armon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010617:Phenanthridines; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1