title: Reduction of basal forebrain cholinergic system parallels cognitive impairment in patients at high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Neuropathological studies suggest that the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) is affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there is no in vivo evidence of early damage to this system in subjects at high risk of developing AD. Here, we found that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients exhibited significant volume reduction of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM) using recently developed probabilistic maps of the BFCS space. In addition, volumes of different magnocellular compartments varied significantly with regional gray matter atrophy in regions known to be affected by AD and were found to correlate with cognitive decline in MCI patients. Bilateral reductions of the horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca (Ch3) and frontal lobe (medial frontal, orbital, subcallosal gyrus, anterior cingulate, and middle frontal gyrus) were significantly associated with a global decline in cognitive status, whereas volume reduction of the posterior compartment of Ch4 (NbM) and temporal lobe (including hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala) were associated with impaired delayed recall in MCI patients. These findings establish, for the first time, a link between degeneration of specific cholinergic compartments of the BFCS and cognitive-related deficits in subjects at high risk of developing AD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grothe
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zaborszky
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atienza
authors.forename: Eulogio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gil-Neciga
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Romero
authors.forename: Stefan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Teipel
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amunts
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suarez-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cantero
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics; D001931:Brain Mapping; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000473:pathology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D018678:Cholinergic Agents