title: LDHC: the ultimate testis-specific gene.
abstract: Lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) was, to the best of our knowledge, the first testis-specific isozyme discovered in male germ cells. In fact, this was accomplished shortly before "isozymes or isoenzymes" became a field of study. LDHC was detected initially in human spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells of the testes by gel electrophoresis. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize LDHC first in early-pachytene primary spermatocytes, with an apparent increase in quantity after meiosis, to its final localization in and on the principal piece of the sperm tail. After several decades of biologic, biochemical, and genetic investigations, we now know that the lactate dehydrogenase isozymes are ubiquitous in vertebrates, developmentally regulated, tissue and cell specific, and multifunctional. Here, we will review the history of LDHC and the work that demonstrates clearly that it is required for sperm to accomplish their ultimate goal, fertilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. erv@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Eddy
authors.forename: Chongwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Odet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000201:enzymology*; D013737:Testis / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C409673:lactate dehydrogenase C4