title: Race differences in emotional adaptation of family caregivers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compares black and white caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) on two general measures of negative and positive emotion (depressive symptoms, positive mood) and two caregiving specific measures of negative and positive emotion (caregiver burden, caregiver satisfaction). We hypothesized that black caregivers would exhibit lower levels of negative emotion and higher levels of positive emotion over time than whites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred ninety-six caregivers were recruited from the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center in Chicago, Illinois, as part of a longitudinal study of persons with AD. The analyses for this report are based on data from 307 caregivers who were interviewed quarterly over approximately 4 years from 1999 to 2002, an average of nine observations per person.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that black caregivers reported fewer depressive symptoms over time than whites ( beta = -0.14, p < 0.01) but this finding was only for those caregivers living with the care recipient with AD. No race differences were found for measures of positive emotion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data add to the growing body of evidence that blacks have better emotional outcomes when exposed to the stress of providing informal care to a disabled family member.
authors.affiliation: Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3227, USA. kimberly_skarupski@rush.edu
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Skarupski
authors.forename: Judy J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: Julia L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bienias
authors.forename: Denis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000339:Affect; D000544:Alzheimer Disease; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002641:Chicago; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001741:Black or African American