title: Long-term impact of diabetes in patients hospitalized with ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) in combination with heart failure (HF) is associated with a high risk of death, but it is uncertain whether the prognosis differs in ischemic and non-ischemic HF groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand, three hundred and six patients with ischemic HF and 1315 patients with non-ischemic HF were followed for 6.8 years. Risk of all caue mortality was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 73 (+/- standard deviation 11) years. Two hundred and forty eight of 1306 (19%) patients with ischemic HF and 172/1315 (13%) patients with non-ischemic HF had DM (p for difference < 0.0001). Overall, 939/1306 (72%) patients in the ischemic HF group, and 835/1315 (64%) patients in the non-ischemic HF group died, respectively. Totally 191/248 (77%) DM patients with ischemic HF, and 127/172 (74%) DM patients with non-ischemic HF died. DM was associated with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 1.45 (1.22-1.73, p < 0.0001) if ischemic HF, and 1.50 (1.22-1.84, p < 0.0001) if non-ischemic HF (p for interaction = 0.4), compared to non-DM non-ischemic HF patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term prognosis of DM is equally adverse in ischemic and non-ischemic HF patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Denmark. ca@heart.dk
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weeke
authors.forename: Redi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pecini
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjaergaard
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hassager
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Køber
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torp-Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome