title: Analysis of POPs in human samples reveal a contribution of brominated dioxin of up to 15% of the total dioxin TEQ.
abstract: Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) were analyzed in both human adipose tissue and plasma from nine individuals, from the Swedish general population, using high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). In addition, several other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were determined in the same samples, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). Polybrominated dibenzofurans were detected in all of the human adipose tissue samples confirming their presence in the Swedish population. The highest concentration was found for 2,3,7,8-TeBDF, ranging from 0.27 to 2.4 pg g(-1) lipid, followed by 1,2,3,7,8-PeBDF, 0.23-0.89pgg(-1) lipid, 2,3,4,7,8-PeBDF, 0.44-0.54 pg g(-1) lipid, and 2,7/2,8-DiBDF, 0.19-0.30 pg g(-1) lipid. No PBDDs could be detected above the limit of detection (<0.02-<0.21 pg g(-1) lipid) in any of the samples. The levels of PCDD/Fs were in the range 1.79-31.5pg toxic equivalents (TEQ)g(-1) lipid, and PBDEs were found in the 1.16-7.46 ng g(-1) lipid range. The measured chlorinated dioxins indicate decreasing human concentrations in Sweden. The toxicity equivalents (TEQ) for PBDD/Fs (0.2-0.8 pg TEQg(-1) lipid) were found to contribute 1-15% of the total dioxin TEQ of the chlorinated dioxins and furans (5-18 pg TEQg(-1) lipid) depending on the individual. Also PBDEs concentrations are decreasing compared to 1997-2000, but most noteworthy a shift in BDE pattern where BDE#47 is surpassed by BDE#153. The levels of PFCs are in the same range as the highest levels of the traditional POPs (sum of 60 PCBs) based on volume. These findings illustrate the importance of continuous monitoring of brominated compounds in both human and the environment.
authors.affiliation: MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Orebro University, SE70182 Orebro, Sweden. ingrid.ericson@oru.se
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ericson Jogsten
authors.forename: Jessika
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagberg
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: Bert van
authors.initials: Bv
authors.lastname: Bavel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D001966:Bromine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011108:Polymers; C016068:polychlorodibenzofuran; C023614:dibenzofuran; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D001966:Bromine