title: Motor and social development in 6-month-old children with congenital heart defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the development of children with varying severity of congenital heart defect (CHD) differs from that of children without CHD at age 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 236 children with CHD were compared with 61 032 children from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Diagnostic and treatment information was retrieved from a nationwide CHD registry. Four groups of CHD were distinguished: mild (n = 92), moderate (n = 50), severe (n = 70), and CHD with comorbidity (n = 24). At child age 6 months, the children's mothers reported on motor and social development by using the Mother and Child Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for confounders (ie, birth weight), severe CHD increased the odds of gross motor impairment (odds ratio [OR], 3.78; 95% CI, 1.97-7.25) and fine motor impairment (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 0.96-4.33). CHD with co-morbidity (eg, intestinal malformations) increased the odds of gross motor impairment (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 0.95-9.51), fine motor impairment (OR, 5.47; 95% CI, 2.03-14.74), and social impairment (OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.40-8.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased odds of motor impairment are present already in infancy in severe CHD and CHD with comorbidity. CHD with comorbidity increases the odds of social impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatics and Health Behavior, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Post Box 4404,Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway. ragnhild.eek.brandlistuen@fhi.no
authors.forename: Ragnhild Eek
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Brandlistuen
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stene-Larsen
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holmstrom
authors.forename: Markus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Landolt
authors.forename: Leif T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Eskedal
authors.forename: Margarete E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Vollrath
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012917:Social Adjustment