title: Antifungal prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy.
abstract: In recent years, several reports have underlined the increasing role of fungal infections as a cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized non-haematological patients. For this reason, and also in light of the high mortality rate associated with these infections, chemoprophylaxis has been advocated for surgical patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs). The available evidence suggests that the triazoles fluconazole and itraconazole are able to decrease Candida colonization and possibly infection compared with placebo, but this result has only been obtained in high-risk patients undergoing repeated surgical procedures for tertiary peritonitis. Consequently, triazole antifungal prophylaxis should be used with caution, and only in patients at high risk of invasive candidiasis, including high-risk surgical and ICU patients. A pre-emptive approach, defined as initiating antifungal treatment without confirmation of fungal infection, seems to be effective and safe.
authors.affiliation: University of Genova, San Martino University Hospital, Infectious Disease Unit, Genoa, Italy. viscolic@unige.it
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viscoli
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D003422:Critical Care; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents