title: Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces vascular endothelial growth factor expression in endothelial cells.
abstract: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in this process. Conversely, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a biologically active sphingolipid known to play a key role in cancer progression by regulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration. In this study, the authors found that S1P increases the level of VEGF mRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and immortalized HUVECs (iHUVECs). Additionally, S1P was found to increase VEGF promoter activity in MS-1 mouse pancreatic islet endothelial cells. Furthermore, a pharmacological inhibitory study revealed that G(alpha i/o)-mediated phospholipase C, Akt, Erk, and p38 MAPK signaling are involved in this S1P-induced expression of VEGF. A component of AP1 transcription factor is important for S1P-induced VEGF expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that S1P enhances endothelial cell proliferation and migration by upregulating the expression of VEGF mRNA.
authors.affiliation: Functional Genomics Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Kyung-A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yun-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: In-Hoo
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Pann-Ghill
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008246:Lysophospholipids; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D013110:Sphingosine; D002118:Calcium