title: Sharps injuries and other blood and body fluid exposures among home health care nurses and aides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We quantified risks of sharp medical device (sharps) injuries and other blood and body fluid exposures among home health care nurses and aides, identified risk factors, assessed the use of sharps with safety features, and evaluated underreporting in workplace-based surveillance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a questionnaire survey and workplace-based surveillance, collaborating with 9 home health care agencies and 2 labor unions from 2006 to 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 35% of nurses and 6.4% of aides had experienced at least 1 sharps injury during their home health care career; corresponding figures for other blood and body fluid exposures were 15.1% and 6.7%, respectively. Annual sharps injuries incidence rates were 5.1 per 100 full-time equivalent (FTE) nurses and 1.0 per 100 FTE aides. Medical procedures contributing to sharps injuries were injecting medications, administering fingersticks and heelsticks, and drawing blood. Other contributing factors were sharps disposal, contact with waste, and patient handling. Sharps with safety features frequently were not used. Underreporting of sharps injuries to the workplace-based surveillance system was estimated to be about 50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sharps injuries and other blood and body fluid exposures are serious hazards for home health care nurses and aides. Improvements in hazard intervention are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA. margaret_quinn@uml.edu
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Pia K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Markkanen
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Galligan
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kriebel
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chalupka
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sama
authors.forename: Angela K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Laramie
authors.forename: Letitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D001826:Body Fluids; D003152:Community Health Nursing; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D018576:Home Health Aides; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016602:Needlestick Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires