title: Clinical and laboratory profile of pediatric and adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in three public hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil, since type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that occurs mainly in the pediatric age group in the Brazilian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study with patients followed up in reference centers in São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Campinas (UNICAMP) and São Paulo (Conjunto Hospitalar do Mandaqui). Data about gender, age, diabetes duration, daily insulin dose, number of daily insulin injections, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and thirty-nine patients (131 females) were evaluated; mean age was 13.1+/-4.7 years and mean diabetes duration was 6.6+/-4.2 years. Daily insulin doses ranged from 0.1 to 1.78 units/kg/day (0.88+/-0.28), and 180 (74.7%) patients had two daily injections. HbA1c ranged from 4.6 to 17.9% (10.0+/-2.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the hospitals included in this study are excellence centers for the follow-up of patients with diabetes in three municipalities in the state of São Paulo, one of the most developed states in Brazil, blood glucose control evaluated according to HbA1c was not adequate. Findings confirm that, despite the efforts of all the professionals involved, great challenges still lie ahead.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura Pereira da Silva
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.forename: Adriane de A
authors.initials: Ade A
authors.lastname: Cardoso-Demartini
authors.forename: Raphael D R
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Liberatore Junior
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda Vanti Macedo
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Paulino
authors.forename: Sofia Helena Valente de
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lemos-Marini
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guerra-Júnior
authors.forename: Albertina Gomes
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin