title: Management of abnormal postvoid residual urine in children with dysfunctional voiding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of biofeedback therapy on the residual urine volume in children with dysfunctional voiding.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was conducted in children with dysfunctional voiding associated with abnormal postvoid residual urine (PVR) from June 2002 to 2007. The children were divided randomly into 2 groups. Group 1 was treated with standard urotherapy combined with biofeedback therapy and group 2 was treated with only standard urotherapy. The outcomes of uroflow-electromyography pattern, urinary tract infection (UTI), and PVR were recorded before and at the end of sixth month of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 94 patients were enrolled in this study. Groups 1 and 2 consisted of 62 and 32 patients, respectively. The voiding pattern became normal in 80.6% (50/62) and 56.2% (18/32) of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The PVR resolved in 40 of 62 (64.5%) patients in group 1 and in 11 of 32 (34.4%) children in group 2. Before the treatment, UTI was noted in 22.5% of patients (14/62) in group 1 and 21.8% of patients (7/32) in group 2. After the treatment, UTI was observed in 3.2% of patients (2/62) and in 9.3% (3/32) of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Although both treatment modalities changed the voiding pattern, rate of febrile UTI, and PVR positively, these outcomes were better in a combination group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of standard urotherapy with the biofeedback therapy improved the results significantly.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. ykibar@gata.edu.tr
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kibar
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piskin
authors.forename: Hasan C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Irkilata
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aydur
authors.forename: Faysal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gok
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dayanc
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016482:Urinalysis; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D014563:Urodynamics