title: Somatic distress among Kosovar civilian war survivors: relationship to trauma exposure and the mediating role of experiential avoidance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study examined the prevalence and correlates of somatic distress (SD) in the aftermath of war, and the role of a process hypothesized to contribute to posttraumatic stress: experiential avoidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Civilian war survivors (n = 163) from Kosovo were assessed in structured interviews, reporting on average more than ten types of traumatic war exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One in eight (12.9%) of the participants meet criteria for SD, which was associated with greater psychological distress, experiential avoidance, and lower quality of life after accounting for the effects of war-related variables, demographic variables, as well as posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive episode. Experiential avoidance partially mediated the association between SD and psychological distress and quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that SD is prevalent among war-exposed civilians and that experiential avoidance may be a significant factor in understanding and treating traumatized people who are experiencing SD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. n.morina@uva.nl
authors.forename: Nexhmedin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morina
authors.forename: Julian D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Anne Katrin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Risch
authors.forename: Besim
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morina
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stangier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001364:Awareness; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D057566:Self Report; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D014857:Warfare; D015022:Yugoslavia