title: Levels of circulating pro-angiogenic cells predict cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circulating pro-angiogenic cells (PACs) contribute to vascular and myocardial regeneration. A low level of PACs is associated with worse outcome in patients with coronary heart disease. However, little is known about PACs in heart failure (HF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood was sampled at baseline in 111 patients with HF, 67 from 5 Italian Centers and 44 from Frankfurt, Germany. In cultured mononuclear cells from peripheral blood, PACs were counted as double-stained by tetramethylindocarbocyanine-labeled acetylated LDL and fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate-labeled lectin. Mean age of the patients was 62 years, 12 were females, 66 had ischemic etiology, 26 were in New York Heart Association Class >II. Cutoffs for PACs were assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves, to identify the optimal cutoffs for PAC level in predicting outcomes. Mean level of PACs was 35+/-29 (mean+/-SD) cells/mm(2), 2- to 3-fold lower than in age-matched healthy volunteers, but unrelated to severity of HF, age, or sex. Over 2.5 years, 12 cardiovascular deaths and 47 first hospitalizations for cardiovascular reasons were recorded. After adjustment for demographic and clinical variables, elevated creatinine and natriuretic peptides, and PACs <or=30.5/mm(2) were associated with a 2-fold higher risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization, as shown by survival curves and by Cox multivariable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of circulating PACs is an independent predictor of cardiovascular death and hospitalization in patients with chronic HF, it can be assessed in blood samples collected in a multicenter setting, and may offer an accessible tool to assess the role of vascular regeneration in patients with HF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balconi
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fiordaliso
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Assmus
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dimmeler
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarto
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carbonieri
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gualco
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campana
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Angelici
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: Salman Aa
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dejana
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorini
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zeiher
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Latini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers