title: Daily on line haemodiafiltration promotes catch-up growth in children on chronic dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In children, growth can be used as a measurable parameter of adequate nutrition and dialysis dose. Despite daily administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), growth retardation remains a frequent problem in children on chronic dialysis. Therefore, we performed an observational prospective non-randomized study of children on in-centre daily on line haemodiafiltration (D-OL-HDF) dialysis with the aim of promoting growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean age at the start of the study was 8 years and 3 months, and all children had been receiving rhGH treatment for >12 months before enrolment. Mean follow-up time on D-OL-HDF was 20.5 +/- 8 months (range, 11-39 months). Renal residual function was either <3 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or anuric. Vascular access was a fistula (13/15) or a central venous catheter (2/15). Dialysis was delivered daily, six days a week in 3 hourly sessions (18 h/week), in a predilution OL-HDF mode, allowing a high convective volume (18 to 27 L/m(2) body surface area per session), Kt/V(urea) on line measured at least 1.4 per session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean growth velocity increased from 3.8 +/- 1.1 cm/year at inclusion to 14.3 +/- 3.8 cm/year during the first year of D-OL-HDF, resulting in a change in height standard deviation score (SDS) over the follow-up period from -1.5 +/- 0.3 SDS to +0.2 +/- 1.1 SDS. Increase in body mass was also noted without impaired control of blood pressure. Time-average deviation for urea (TAD(urea)) was low at 2.5 +/- 0.4 as was TAD(bicarbonate) due to the normal pre and post dialysis bicarbonate levels, respectively, 23.6 +/- 0.5 mmol/L and 26.6 +/- 0.5 mmol/L. The absence of any dietary restrictions permitted a mean protein diet intake (PDI) of 2.5 +/- 0.2 g/kg/day (PDI measured from a 3-day diet survey), contrasting with a mean normalized protein nitrogen appearance (nPNA) of 1.53 +/- 0.12 g/kg/day (nPNA calculated from urea dialytic kinetic). A low C-reactive protein was noted in 13/15 children, and mean beta(2) microglobulin was low, 15.3 +/- 0.3.3 mg/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily OL-HDF promotes catch-up growth in children despite on chronic dialysis. This catch-up growth if continued, should allow the children to reach their mid-parental target height in the future. It could be speculated that the improved response to rhGH is the result of several combined factors conducting to less malnutrition and to less cachexia.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Children's Unit, University Hospital Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France. Michel.Fischbach@chru-strasbourg.fr
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischbach
authors.forename: Joelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Terzic
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menouer
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dheu
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seuge
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zalosczic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017583:Hemodiafiltration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000150:complications; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D013006:Growth Hormone