title: Effects of liposome clodronate on renal leukocyte populations and renal fibrosis in murine obstructive nephropathy.
abstract: Although liposome-encapsulated clodronate has been used as a means to deplete macrophages from certain tissues, target leukocyte subtypes within the kidney are not clearly known under normal and pathologic conditions. The present study was therefore conducted to examine the effects of liposome clodronate on renal infiltrating cell type following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and tried to correlate these changes to the mechanisms of early development of renal fibrosis. Renal infiltrating leukocyte subtypes and counts were determined by using multicolor flow cytometric analysis of cell suspensions from obstructed kidneys. UUO for 5 days elicited renal tubular apoptosis and renal fibrosis and showed 4-fold increase in renal leukocytes including monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and T-cells. Repeated administration of liposome clodronate selectively depleted F4/80+ monocytes/macrophages and F4/80+ dendritic cells but not F4/80(-) dendritic cells or other cell types in both obstructed and non-obstructed kidneys. Tubular apoptosis and renal fibrosis were also significantly attenuated by liposome clodronate. Increased gene expression of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta observed in obstructed kidneys were markedly attenuated by depletion of renal mononuclear phagocytes. These findings suggest that F4/80+ monocytes/macrophages and/or F4/80+ dendritic cells play a pivotal role in the development of obstruction-induced tubular apoptosis and renal fibrosis, possibly through TNF-alpha and TGF-beta dependent mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamoto
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Yasukatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwao
authors.forename: Tokihito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yukimura
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D004002:Clodronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005355:Fibrosis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008081:Liposomes; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D004002:Clodronic Acid