title: Stress response symptoms in adolescents during the first year after a parent's cancer diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work aims to prospectively study stress response symptoms (SRS) in adolescents during the first year after a parent's cancer diagnosis and factors associated with SRS. Additionally, SRS in these adolescents were compared to SRS in adolescents whose parents were diagnosed 1-5 years (reference group) previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine adolescents, 37 ill parents, and 37 spouses completed questionnaires within 4 months after diagnosis (T1) and six (T2) and 12 months (T3) later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinically elevated SRS were found in 29% of adolescents at T1, 16% at T2, and 14% at T3. In contrast, in the reference group, we found 29% clinically elevated SRS. Daughters seemed more at risk than sons. Adolescents' age, patient's gender, and intensity and duration of treatment did not significantly affect SRS. Adolescents with more SRS reported having more emotional/behavioral problems. Parents observed fewer problems in those adolescents. Initial SRS affected later SRS and emotional problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings illustrate that adolescent children of cancer patients may have clinically elevated SRS that are associated with emotional and behavioral problems. The prevalence of such problems may be underestimated by the parents.
authors.affiliation: Wenckebach Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands. g.a.huizinga@wenckebach.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Gea A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Huizinga
authors.forename: Annemieke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Winette T A
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.forename: Harald J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Stacey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gazendam-Donofrio
authors.forename: Josette E H M
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hoekstra-Weebers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors