title: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for gender selection in the USA.
abstract: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for gender selection for non-medical reasons has been considered an unethical procedure by several authors and agencies in the Western society on the basis that it could disrupt the sex ratio, that it discriminates against women and that it leads to disposal of normal embryos of the non-desired gender. In this study, the analysis of a large series of PGD procedures for gender selection from a wide geographical area in the USA shows that, in general, there is no deviation in preference towards any specific gender except for a preference of males in some ethnic populations of Chinese, Indian and Middle Eastern origin that represent a small percentage of the US population. In cases where only normal embryos of the non-desired gender are available, 45.5% of the couples elect to cancel the transfer, while 54.5% of them are open to have embryos transferred of the non-desired gender, this fact being strongly linked to cultural and ethnic background of the parents. In addition this study adds some evidence to the proposition that, in couples with previous children of a given gender, there is no biological predisposition towards producing embryos of that same gender. Based on these facts, it seems that objections to gender selection formulated by ethics committees and scientific societies are not well founded.
authors.affiliation: Reprogenetics LLC, 3 Regent St, suite 301, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA. pere.colls@reprogenetics.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colls
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olivera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weier
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goodall
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomkin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munné
mesh_terms: D026689:Ethical Analysis; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000941:ethics*; D011287:Prejudice; D012743:Sex Preselection / Q000941:ethics*; D012744:Sex Ratio; D014481:United States