title: Tailoring messages to individual differences in monitoring-blunting styles to increase fruit and vegetable intake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether messages matched to individuals' monitoring-blunting coping styles (MBCS) are more effective in increasing fruit and vegetable intake than mismatched messages. MBCS refers to the tendency to either attend to and amplify, or distract oneself from and minimize threatening information.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomly assigned messages were tailored to resonate with either monitors or blunters and delivered at baseline, 1 week, 2 months, and 3 months later. Surveys were conducted at baseline and 2 and 4 months later.
  
  
  METHODS
  531 callers to a cancer information hotline who did not meet the 5 A Day guideline.
  
  
  METHODS
  A brief telephone-delivered message and 3 mailings of booklets and promotional items encouraging fruit and vegetable intake, tailored for either monitors or blunters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fruit and vegetable intake 2 and 4 months post-baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hierarchical regression modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Messages matched to MBCS were more effective than mismatched messages, particularly for the monitor message, in increasing intake at 2 months but not at 4 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These minimal interventions influenced fruit and vegetable intake. MBCS may be a promising target for developing tailored messages aimed at increasing intake, although additional research is needed to verify the robustness of these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. ppiehota@rti.org
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williams-Piehota
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Latimer
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Katulak
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Stephanie A N
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Silvera
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mowad
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salovey
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005638:Fruit; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D014675:Vegetables