title: Mind the gap: Opportunities for improving end-of-life care for patients with advanced heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with advanced heart failure (HF) experience progressive symptoms, decreased quality of life, and more frequent hospitalizations as they approach the end of life (EOL). Understanding patient perspectives and preferences regarding EOL issues is necessary to identify key opportunities for improving care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify, from the patient's perspective, the major opportunities for improving EOL care for patients hospitalized because of advanced HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of patient perspectives regarding EOL care was administered via interview of 106 hospitalized patients who had advanced HF in five tertiary care centres across Canada. The study compared which aspects of EOL care patients rated as 'extremely important' and their level of satisfaction with these aspects of EOL care to identify key opportunities for improvement of care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The greatest opportunities for improvement in EOL care were reducing the emotional and physical burden on family, having an adequate plan of care following discharge, effective symptom relief and opportunities for honest communication. The three most important issues ranked by patients were avoidance of life support if there was no hope for a meaningful recovery, communication of information by the doctor and avoidance of burden for the family.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advanced care planning that seamlessly bridges hospital and home must be standard care for patients who have advanced HF. Components must include coordination of care, caregiver support, comprehensive symptom management, and effective communication regarding HF and EOL issues.
authors.affiliation: McMaster University, School of Nursing, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada. strachan@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rocker
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dodek
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Heyland
mesh_terms: D032722:Advance Care Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D024362:Advance Directive Adherence; D016223:Advance Directives; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D016638:Critical Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards