title: Resident peritoneal macrophages and mast cells are important cellular sites of COX-1 and COX-2 activity during acute peritoneal inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclooxygenases (COXs) play important roles during inflammation. While reports on COX-2 function in inflammation preceded those on COX-1, it is now well established that both isoforms participate in this process. During inflammation, COX expression was reported in inflammatory leukocytes, but much less is known about their presence in tissue- resident leukocytes. The aim was thus to verify the expression and activity of the COX isoforms in resident peritoneal mast cells and macrophages during acute peritonitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Zymosan peritoneal inflammation was induced in C57BL/6J mice and COX-1 and COX-2 expression was evaluated by RT-PCR (mRNA level) and immunocytochemistry (protein level). COX activity was assessed by a specific assay and prostaglandin production by ELISA. Furthermore, some mice were selectively depleted of either peritoneal mast cells or macrophages and then COX activity was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study revealed that both COXs are expressed/active at the peak of inflammation, but COX-2 predominates during resolution. The expressions of the COXs were detectable in both populations of resident peritoneal leukocytes. In peritoneal macrophages both isoforms were active even during the late phases of peritonitis and the cells significantly contributed to PGE(2) and PGD(2) synthesis. The most striking observation was that resident macrophages are critical for PGD(2) production during the resolution of inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study documents that both COX isoforms participate in all stages of acute inflammation and that tissue-resident leukocytes, especially macrophages, are important sites of COX-1/COX-2 expression and prostaglandin synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Immunobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060 Kraków, Poland. ela.kolaczkowska@uj.edu.pl
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kolaczkowska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldys
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kozakiewicz
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lelito
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Plytycz
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Rooijen
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arnold
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015054:Zymosan / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015054:Zymosan; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496512:Ptgs1 protein, mouse; D015232:Dinoprostone; D015230:Prostaglandin D2