title: Investigation of mRNA quadruplex formation in Escherichia coli.
abstract: The protocol presented here allows for the investigation of the formation of unusual nucleic acid structures in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of bacteria by correlating gene expression levels to the in vitro stability of the respective structure. In particular, we describe the introduction of G-quadruplex forming sequences close to the ribosome-binding site (RBS) on the mRNA of a reporter gene and the subsequent read-out of the expression levels. Insertion of a stable secondary structure results in the cloaking of RBS and eventually reduced gene expression levels. The structures and stability of the introduced sequences are further characterized by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and thermal melting experiments. The extent of inhibition is then correlated to the stability of the respective quadruplex structure, allowing judgement of whether factors other than thermodynamic stability affect the formation of a given quadruplex sequence in vivo. Measuring gene expression levels takes 2 d including cloning; CD experiments take 5 hours per experiment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) and the Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wieland
authors.forename: Jörg S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hartig
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D001665:Binding Sites; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D054856:G-Quadruplexes; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D020871:RNA Stability; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins