title: Bone morphogenetic proteins in orthopaedic surgery.
abstract: Bone healing is a predictable process that has a high rate of success. For some patients, and in certain clinical settings, this process can be delayed or completely inhibited. This leads to significant morbidity and may also result in time lost from work, costs related to prolonged medical treatment, and continued pain at the site of nonunion or failed spinal fusion. Several growth factors, specifically BMP-2 and BMP-7, have been approved in several countries for specific indications. The use of these products and potential complications of their use are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: T William
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Axelrad
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Einhorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta