title: Estimating the level of HIV prevention coverage, knowledge and protective behavior among injecting drug users: what does the 2008 UNGASS reporting round tell us?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The 2001 Declaration of Commitment from the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS (UNGASS) set the prevention of HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) as an important priority in the global fight against HIV/AIDS. This article examines data gathered to monitor the fulfillment of this commitment in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) where resources to develop an effective response to HIV are limited and where injecting drug use is reported to occur in 99 (of 147) countries, home to 75% of the estimated 15.9 million global IDU population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data relating to injecting drug use submitted by LMICs to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in the 2008 reporting round for monitoring the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS were reviewed. The quality of the data reported was assessed and country data were aggregated and compared to determine progress in HIV prevention efforts. For each indicator, the mean value weighted for the size of each country's IDU population was determined; regional estimates were also made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reporting was inconsistent between countries. Forty percent of LMIC (40/99), where injecting occurs, reported data for 1 or more of the 5 indicators pertinent to HIV prevention among IDUs. Many of the data reported were excluded from this analysis because the indicators used by countries were not consistent with those defined by UNAIDS Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group and could not be compared. Data from 32 of 99 countries met our inclusion criteria. These 32 countries account for approximately two-thirds (68%) of the total estimated IDU population in all LMICs.The IDU population weighted means are as follows: 36% of IDUs tested for HIV in the last year; 26% of IDUs reached with HIV prevention programs in the last year; 45% of IDUs with correct HIV prevention knowledge; 37% of IDUs used a condom at last sexual intercourse; and 63% of IDUs used a clean syringe at last injection. Marked variance was observed in the data reported between different regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from the 2008 United Nations General Assembly Special Session reporting round provide a baseline against which future progress might be measured. The data indicate a wide variation in HIV service coverage for IDUs and a wide divergence in HIV knowledge and risk behaviors among IDUs in different countries. Countries should be encouraged and assisted in monitoring and reporting on HIV prevention for IDUs.
authors.affiliation: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. b.mathers@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Bradley M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Degenhardt
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Toskin
authors.forename: Magomed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nashkhoev
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lyerla
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rugg
mesh_terms: D017280:Condoms; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D009313:National Health Programs; D015397:Program Evaluation; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*; D014480:United Nations