title: Failure of cervical ripening with prostaglandin-E2 can it be predicted?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors predicting failure of cervical ripening with prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, cohort study of all women admitted for preinduction cervical ripening and failed to respond to PGE(2) in comparison with randomly selected control group of women who underwent successful preinduction cervical ripening with PGE(2) in a 3:1 ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 488 women were included, of them, 122 in the study group and 366 in the control group. A comparison between the two groups has revealed that maternal age above 30 years (OR = 2.7, 95%-CI 1.3-5.6), nulliparity (OR = 4.1, 95%-CI 1.7-10.0), prepregnancy BMI above 25 kg/m(2) (OR = 3.5, 95%-CI 1.7-7.1), cervical dilatation of 1 cm (OR = 9.1, 95%-CI 3.5-13.4), cervical effacement of 50% or less admission (OR = 5.0, 95%-CI 2.2-8.8), and gestational age of 37 weeks or less (OR = 2.9, 95%-CI 1.3-6.6), are independent and significant predictors of cervical ripening failure with PGE(2), and account for almost 50% of the variation in ripening outcome (R(2) = 0.47). No association was found between the risk of cervical ripening failure and the indication for ripening, rupture of membranes, weight gain during pregnancy, weight before labor, diabetes or preeclampsia during pregnancy, and the newborn weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Characterization of women who have a high probability for cervical ripening failure with PGE(2) will help to improve consultation and may help choosing the optimal method for labor induction in these cases.
authors.affiliation: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Perinatal Division, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah-Tiqva, Israel.
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Melamed
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben-Haroush
authors.forename: Shay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hod
authors.forename: Yariv
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yogev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D020070:Cervical Ripening / Q000187:drug effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D015232:Dinoprostone