title: Antimicrobial effect of MTAD, Tetraclean, Cloreximid, and sodium hypochlorite on three common endodontic pathogens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial action of BioPure MTAD (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN), Tetraclean, Cloreximid (a mixture of Chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate and Cetrimide), and 5.25% NaOCl (Ogna Laboratori Farmaceutici, Milano, Italy) against selected endodontic pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia).
  
  
  METHODS
  The agar plate diffusion procedure was used to observe the antimibrobial activity of irrigants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis revealed significant effects of the different irrigants on the bacteria colonies. Treatment with 5.25% NaOCl induced a larger zone of microbial inhibition in Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Tukey HSD post-test, P = 0.0001) when compare to MTAD, Tetraclean and CHX. Anyway, MTAD and Tetraclean were more effective to inhibit bacterial growth compared to CHX (P < 0.0001, Tukey HSD post-test). Furthermore, post hoc analysis revealed that MTAD and Tetraclean induced the largest zone of microbial inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis cultured under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, when compared with 2% CHX and NaOCl (P < 0.0001, Tukey HSD post-test). The control group showed no microbial inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  5.25% NaOCl showed a high antimicrobial activity against anaerobic bacteria. MTAD and Tetraclean showed a high action against both, strictly anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Chlorexidine + Cetrimide (Cloreximid) showed the lowest antibacterial activity against both, facultative and strictly anaerobic bacteria tested.
authors.affiliation: Departmentof Periodontology, Endodontology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Dental School, University of Brescia, Italy. lucianogiardino@libero.it
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giardino
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savoldi
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ambu
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rimondini
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palezona
authors.forename: Eugenio A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Debbia
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis; D018713:Prevotella intermedia; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; C547319:Cloreximid; D004338:Drug Combinations; C475043:MTAD (intracanal irrigant); D011136:Polysorbates; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D019343:Citric Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D004318:Doxycycline; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D000077286:Cetrimonium