title: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis.
abstract: Mitochondrial dysfunction is both a cause and target of reactive oxygen species during ischemia-reperfusion, drug, and toxicant injury. After injury, renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) recover mitochondrial function by increasing the expression of the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha). The goal of this study was to determine whether 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor agonists increase mitochondrial biogenesis and accelerate the recovery of mitochondrial function. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the presence of 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor mRNA in RPTC. The 5-HT2 receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI; 3-10 microM) increased PGC-1alpha levels, expression of mitochondrial proteins ATP synthase beta and NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1beta subcomplex 8 (NDUFB8), MitoTracker Red staining intensity, cellular respiration, and ATP levels through a 5-HT receptor and PGC-1alpha-dependent pathway. Similar effects were observed with the 5-HT2 agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine and were blocked by the 5-HT2 antagonist 8-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy) propyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decan-4-one (AMI-193). In addition, DOI accelerated the recovery of mitochondrial function after oxidant-induced injury in RPTC. This is the first report to demonstrate 5-HT receptor-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, and we suggest that 5-HT-agonists may be effective in the treatment of mitochondrial and cell injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Rasbach
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: Tamilselvan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jayavelu
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Rick G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Schnellmann
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011817:Rabbits; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D010879:Piperazines; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D014157:Transcription Factors; C111264:peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1; C003338:spiramide; C015952:4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine; C015068:1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine