title: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging for evaluation of pediatric recurrent cholesteatomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficiency of diffusion-weighted MR imaging (MRI) vs. high resolution CT in predicting recurrent or residual cholesteatoma in children who underwent prior middle ear surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients (4 with 2 recurrences) aged 5-17 years (mean 11.4) previously surgically treated for a cholesteatoma of the middle ear, were included for follow-up with systematic CT scan and MRI, between 2005 and 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  CT scan was performed on a Siemens Somaton 64 (0.5/0.2 mm slices reformatted in 0.5/0.3 mm images), parallel and perpendicular to the lateral semi-circular canal for each ear (100 mmx100 mm FOV). MRI was undertaken on a Siemens Avanto 1.5 T unit, with an adapted protocol for young children. Diagnosis of recurrent cholesteatoma was based on the evidence of a hyperintense image at B1000 on diffusion-weighted images. Results of CT scan and MRI were compared with operative diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients had a positive MRI, among which 8 had cholesteatoma confirmed during revision surgery. In the 12 negative MRI cases, 5 were positive on revision surgery. None of these lesions was over 3mm. Two of them were diagnosed on the CT scan. CT scan alone had a positive predictive value of 75%, and a negative predictive value of 58%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diffusion-weighted MRI is associated with a high positive predictive value for the detection of recurrent cholesteatoma. CT scan remains the first choice imaging technique. In case of doubtful CT scan, diffusion-weighted MRI could confirm a recurrence or, when negative, avoid second-look surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de Valence, 179 bd du Maréchal Juin, 26000 Valence, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Plouin-Gaudon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bossard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fuchsmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayari-Khalfallah
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Froehlich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed