title: The effect of combined bleaching techniques on oral microbiota.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 10% and 37% carbamide peroxide during dental bleaching in three different modes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This five-week double-blind randomized controlled trial included 32 volunteers assigned to four groups (n = 8). Each group received bleaching agents or placebo as an in-office and at-home treatment. The dental bleaching techniques were: In-office bleaching (37% carbamide peroxide: CP37); at-home bleaching (10% carbamide peroxide: CP10) and the association of both (CP37 and CP10). Saliva samples were collected right before (baseline), right after, 12 hours after, and seven days after the treatment. Counts of total microorganisms, Streptococci, and Mutans streptococci were carried out. Friedman test (alpha = 0.05) was used to compare the microorganism counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of the all oral microorganisms remained stable during all experiment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No bleaching agent (CP37, CP10 or the combination of both) was able to reduce the oral microorganisms tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dentistry School, UNICAMP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franz-Montan
authors.forename: Juliana C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ramacciato
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Gisele M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Marchi
authors.forename: Pedro L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Rosalen
authors.forename: Francisco C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Groppo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010545:Peroxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea