title: Natriuretic peptides increase beta1-adrenoceptor signalling in failing hearts through phosphodiesterase 3 inhibition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whereas natriuretic peptides increase cGMP levels with beneficial cardiovascular effects through protein kinase G, we found an unexpected cardio-excitatory effect of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) through natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) stimulation in failing cardiac muscle and explored the mechanism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart failure was induced in male Wistar rats by coronary artery ligation. Contraction studies were performed in left ventricular muscle strips. Cyclic nucleotides were measured by radio- and enzyme immunoassay. Apoptosis was determined in isolated cardiomyocytes by Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining and phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB) and troponin I was measured by western blotting. Stimulation of NPR-B enhanced beta1-adrenoceptor (beta1-AR)-evoked contractile responses through cGMP-mediated inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3). CNP enhanced beta1-AR-mediated increase of cAMP levels to the same extent as the selective PDE3 inhibitor cilostamide and increased beta1-AR-stimulated protein kinase A activity, as demonstrated by increased PLB and troponin I phosphorylation. CNP promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis similar to inhibition of PDE3 by cilostamide, indicative of adverse effects of NPR-B signalling in failing hearts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An NPR-B-cGMP-PDE3 inhibitory pathway enhances beta(1)-AR-mediated responses and may in the long term be detrimental to the failing heart through mechanisms similar to those operating during treatment with PDE3 inhibitors or during chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1057 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway.
authors.forename: Eirik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Qvigstad
authors.forename: Lise R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Moltzau
authors.forename: Jan Magnus
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aronsen
authors.forename: Cam H T
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hougen
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sjaastad
authors.forename: Finn Olav
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Tor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skomedal
authors.forename: Jan-Bjørn
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Osnes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D058987:Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D058987:Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D015363:Quinolones; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type; C021294:cilostamide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D006152:Cyclic GMP