title: Indeterminate rapid HIV-1 test results among antenatal and postnatal mothers.
abstract: The sensitivity and specificity of rapid HIV-1 tests may be altered during pregnancy and postpartum. We conducted a study to determine the prevalence and correlates of false-positive Abbott Determine and false-negative Uni-Gold rapid HIV-1 test results among antenatal and postnatal mothers attending a primary care clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Mothers were tested for HIV-1 using Abbott Determine and non-reactive results were considered HIV-1 antibody negative. Reactive samples by Determine were re-tested by Uni-Gold. Vironostika HIV-1 and Uni-FORM II Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to confirm samples that had positive Abbott Determine and negative Uni-Gold. Among 2311 women who accepted HIV-1 testing, 1238 (54%) were tested antenatally and 1073 (46%) were tested postnatally. Of tested women, 274 (12%) women were reactive by Abbott Determine and on retesting with Uni-Gold 30 (11%) had indeterminate results. The prevalence of indeterminate results was significantly higher in antenatal women than in postnatal women (2% versus 1%, P = 0.03). In conclusion, indeterminate rapid HIV-1 test results are more common in the antenatal period and appropriate safeguards to confirm HIV-1 infection status should be implemented in antenatal programmes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Kenya. daniel.matemo@uonbi.ac.ke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matemo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kinuthia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farquhar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: John-Stewart
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kiarie
mesh_terms: D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic