title: Glycemia prediction in critically ill patients using an adaptive modeling approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Strict blood glucose control by applying nurse-driven protocols is common nowadays in intensive care units (ICUs). Implementation of a predictive control system can potentially reduce the workload for medical staff but requires a model for accurately predicting the glycemia signal within a certain time horizon.
  
  
  METHODS
  GlucoDay (A. Menarini Diagnostics, Italy) data coming from 19 critically ill patients (from a surgical ICU) are used to estimate the initial ICU "minimal" model (based on data of the first 24 hours) and to reestimate the model as new measurements are obtained. The reestimation is performed every hour or every 4 hours. For both approaches the optimal size of the data set for each reestimation is determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prediction error that is obtained when applying the 1-hour reestimation strategy is significantly smaller than when the model is reestimated only every 4 hours (p < 0.001). The optimal size of the data set to be considered in each reestimation process of the ICU minimal model is found to be 4 hours. The obtained average "mean percentage error" is 7.6% (SD 3.1%) and 14.6% (SD 7.0%) when the model is reestimated every hour and 4 hours, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of the ICU minimal model in the appropriate reestimation process results in clinically acceptable prediction errors. Therefore, the model is able to predict glycemia trends of patients admitted to the surgical ICU and can potentially be used in a predictive control system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT-SCD), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium. tom.vanherpe@esat.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Tom Van
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Herpe
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haverbeke
authors.forename: Bart De
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Moor
authors.forename: Greet Van
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: den Berghe