title: Hippocampal correlates of pain in healthy elderly adults: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few neuroimaging investigations of pain in elderly adults have focused on the hippocampus, a brain structure involved in nociceptive processing that is also subject to involution associated with dementing disorders. The goal of this pilot study was to examine MRI- and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-derived hippocampal correlates of pain in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subset of 20 nondemented older adults was drawn from the Einstein Aging Study, a community-based sample from the Bronx, NY. Pain was measured on 3 time scales: 1) acute pain right now (pain severity); 2) pain over the past 4 weeks (Short Form-36 Bodily Pain); 3) chronic pain over the past 3 months (Total Pain Index). Hippocampal data included volume data normalized to midsagittal area and N-acetylaspartate to creatine ratios (NAA/Cr).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smaller hippocampal volume was associated with higher ratings on the Short Form-36 Bodily Pain (r(s) = 0.52, p = 0.02) and a nonsignificant trend was noted for higher ratings of acute pain severity (r(s) = -0.44, p = 0.06). Lower levels of hippocampal NAA/Cr were associated with higher acute pain severity (r(s) = -0.45, p = 0.05). Individuals with chronic pain had a nonsignificant trend for smaller hippocampal volumes (t = 2.00, p = 0.06) and lower levels of hippocampal NAA/Cr (t = 1.71, p = 0.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older adults who report more severe acute or chronic pain have smaller hippocampal volumes and lower levels of hippocampal N-acetylaspartate/creatine, a marker of neuronal integrity. Future studies should consider the role of the hippocampus and other brain structures in the development and experience of pain in healthy elderly and individuals with Alzheimer disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. molly.zimmerman@einstein.yu.edu
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hetherington
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lipton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baigi
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lipton
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects