New oral drugs for multiple sclerosis.
Disease-modifying treatments are now available in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), and their beneficial effects have been shown in several clinical studies. However, as these treatments are only partially effective in halting the MS disease process and are frequently associated with side effects and suboptimal patient adherence, new oral therapeutic approaches are warranted. This review focuses on advances in current and novel oral treatment approaches for MS. Several pivotal reports have provided promising results for new oral therapies evaluating the safety and efficacy of new agents including fingolimod, fumaric acid, cladribine, teriflunomide and laquinimod.
Gasperini
Claudio
C
Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy. c.gasperini@libero.it
Ruggieri
S
S
D017338:Cladribine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003437:Crotonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D005650:Fumarates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009570:Nitriles; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015363:Quinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014052:Toluidines / Q000627:therapeutic use
D003437:Crotonates; D005650:Fumarates; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D015363:Quinolones; D014052:Toluidines; C527525:teriflunomide; D017338:Cladribine; C032005:fumaric acid; C476223:laquinimod; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D013110:Sphingosine