title: Serum levels of platelet-derived growth factor BB homodimers are increased in male children with autism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The neurobiological basis of autism remains poorly understood. To examine the role played by serum cytokines in brain development, we hypothesized that Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) may be associated with pathophysiology of autism. In this study, we screened serum levels of these growth factors in young male subjects with autism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured serum levels of PDGF subtypes and VEGF in the 31 male children with autism (6-19 years old) and 31 healthy age- and gender-matched subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of PDGF-BB in male children with autism (N=31, 5624.5+/-1651.8 pg/mL [mean+/-SD]) were significantly higher (two-tailed Student's t-test: p=0.0188) than those of normal control subjects (N=31, 4758.2+/-1521.5 pg/mL [mean+/-SD]). There was a significant and positive correlation (Pearson's r=0.5320, p=0.0010) between the serum levels of PDGF-BB and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) domain C scores, which represent stereotyped patterns of behavior in the children with autism. However, there were no marked or significant correlations between serum PDGF-BB levels and clinical variables, including the other ADI-R scores and Intellectual Quotient (IQ) scores by WAIS-R. There were no significant change and correlations with clinical variables in serum PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB, and VEGF levels in the children with autism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased levels of serum PDGF-BB homodimers might be implicated in the pathophysiology of autism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajizuka
authors.forename: Taishi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyachi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shinmura
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Kenji J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yasuhide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujii
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Nori
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000077214:Becaplermin; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D044967:Serum / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000077214:Becaplermin