title: Online real-time reconstruction of adaptive TSENSE with commodity CPU/GPU hardware.
abstract: Adaptive temporal sensitivity encoding (TSENSE) has been suggested as a robust parallel imaging method suitable for MR guidance of interventional procedures. However, in practice, the reconstruction of adaptive TSENSE images obtained with large coil arrays leads to long reconstruction times and latencies and thus hampers its use for applications such as MR-guided thermotherapy or cardiovascular catheterization. Here, we demonstrate a real-time reconstruction pipeline for adaptive TSENSE with low image latencies and high frame rates on affordable commodity personal computer hardware. For typical image sizes used in interventional imaging (128 x 96, 16 channels, sensitivity encoding (SENSE) factor 2-4), the pipeline is able to reconstruct adaptive TSENSE images with image latencies below 90 ms at frame rates of up to 40 images/s, rendering the MR performance in practice limited by the constraints of the MR acquisition. Its performance is demonstrated by the online reconstruction of in vivo MR images for rapid temperature mapping of the kidney and for cardiac catheterization.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular and Functional Imaging: From Physiology to Therapy, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roujol
authors.forename: Baudouin Denis
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: de Senneville
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vahala
authors.forename: Thomas Sangild
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Chrit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moonen
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ries
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003199:Computer Systems; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009862:Online Systems; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*