title: Malodor as a trigger of stress and negative mood in neighbors of industrial hog operations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated malodor and air pollutants near industrial hog operations as environmental stressors and negative mood triggers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data from 101 nonsmoking adults in 16 neighborhoods within 1.5 miles of at least 1 industrial hog operation in eastern North Carolina. Participants rated malodor intensity, stress, and mood for 2 weeks while air pollutants were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reported malodor was associated with stress and 4 mood states; odds ratios (ORs) for a 1-unit change on the 0-to-8 odor scale ranged from 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16, 1.50) to 1.81 (95% CI = 1.63, 2.00). ORs for stress and feeling nervous or anxious were 1.18 (95% CI = 1.08, 1.30) and 1.12 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.22), respectively, for a 1 ppb change in hydrogen sulfide and 1.06 (95% CI = 1.00, 1.11) and 1.10 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.17), respectively, for a 1 microg/m(3) change in semivolatile particulate matter less than 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hog odor, hydrogen sulfide, and semivolatile PM(10) are related to stress and negative mood in disproportionately low-income communities near industrial hog operations in eastern North Carolina. Malodor should be considered in studies of health impacts of environmental injustice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA. ravery@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Rachel Avery
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wing
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Brownley
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009341:Negativism; D009657:North Carolina; D009812:Odorants; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants