title: Maternal endothelin-1 and cyclic guanosine monophosphate concentrations in pregnancies complicated by pregravid and gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pregnancy complicated by diabetes is associated with increased risk of unfavorable obstetric outcomes. A common abnormality in diabetes is endothelial dysfunction resulting in an altered pattern of vasoactive substance production by the endothelial cells. The aim of study was to assess serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in pregnant women with pregravid (PGDM) or gestational diabetes (GDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  At the time of delivery, serum ET-1, cGMP, glycated hemoglobin (A1c), fructosamine and non-fasting glucose were measured in 19 PGDM, 23 GDM and 18 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ET-1 and cGMP were similar in all groups. In GDM there was a positive association between A1c and ET-1 (r = 0.437; p < 0.05) and cGMP (r = 0.542; p < 0.02). In the controls, but not in PGDM and GDM, we found a positive correlation between ET-1 and cGMP (r = 0.634; p < 0.005). In women with diabetes, an optimal (A1c <6%) or inadequate (A1c >6%) metabolic control of diabetes did not influence ET-1 or cGMP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In women with PGDM and GDM, serum ET-1 and cGMP were similar to the levels observed in healthy pregnant women. However, the physiological balance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator substances might be defective in pregnancies complicated by diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department for Fetomaternal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swiderski
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Celewicz
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miazgowski
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ogonowski
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000097:blood*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000097:blood*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D019332:Endothelin-1; D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin