title: Cysteine proteinase inhibitor Act d 4 is a functional allergen contributing to the clinical symptoms of kiwifruit allergy.
abstract: Kiwifruit has become a frequent cause of fruit allergy in the recent years. The molecular basis of type I hypersensitivity to kiwifruit is attributed to 11 IUIS allergens, with Act d 1, Act d 2 and Act d 5 characterized in extenso. Evaluation of the allergenic properties of Act d 4, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor from green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) was performed in this study. Identity of the purified glycoprotein was determined by Edman degradation and by mass fingerprint whereby more than 90% of the primary structure of the mature kiwifruit cystatin was confirmed. Using MALDI TOF analysis, molecular masses of 10902.5 and 11055.2 Da were detected for Act d 4, respectively. Positive skin prick reactivity with Act d 4 was induced in three kiwifruit allergic patients, as well as the upregulation of CD63 and CD203c molecules in the basophile activation assay. The IgE reactivity was detected in dot blot analysis while Western blot analysis was negative using sera from six kiwifruit patients, suggesting the presence of conformational IgE epitopes on the Act d 4 molecule. As activator of effector cells in type I hypersensitivity Act d 4 is a functional allergen contributing to the clinical symptoms of kiwifruit allergy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Milica M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milovanovic
authors.forename: Lidija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burazer
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vuckovic
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoffmann-Sommergruber
authors.forename: Andre C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Knulst
authors.forename: Buko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Ratko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jankov
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gavrovic-Jankulovic
mesh_terms: D029042:Actinidia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001491:Basophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D015891:Cystatins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C550604:Act d 4 allergen, Actinidia deliciosa; D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D015891:Cystatins; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037102:Lectins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D007073:Immunoglobulin E