title: Global goods movement and the local burden of childhood asthma in southern California.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As part of a community-based participatory research effort, we estimated the preventable burden of childhood asthma associated with air pollution in the southern California communities of Long Beach and Riverside.
  
  
  METHODS
  We calculated attributable fractions for 2 air pollution reduction scenarios to include assessment of the newly recognized health effects associated with residential proximity to major roads and impact from ship emissions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 1600 (9%) of all childhood asthma cases in Long Beach and 690 (6%) in Riverside were attributed to traffic proximity. Ship emissions accounted for 1400 (21%) bronchitis episodes and, in more modest proportions, health care visits for asthma. Considerably greater reductions in asthma morbidity could be obtained by reducing nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations to levels found in clean coastal communities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both Long Beach and Riverside have heavy automobile traffic corridors as well as truck traffic and regional pollution originating in the Los Angeles-Long Beach port complex, the largest in the United States. Community-based quantitative risk analyses can improve our understanding of health problems and help promote public health in transportation planning.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), in Barcelona, Spain. l.perez@unibas.ch
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Nino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Künzli
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Avol
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hricko
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lurmann
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gilliland
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McConnell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003132:Commerce; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D006801:Humans; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D010126:Ozone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014186:Transportation; D014505:Urban Population; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D010126:Ozone