title: Identification, isolation and characterization of HCN4-positive pacemaking cells derived from murine embryonic stem cells during cardiac differentiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Development of biological pacemaker is a potential treatment for bradyarrhythmias. Pacemaker cells could be extracted from differentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells based on their specific cell marker hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN)4. The goal of this study was to develop a method of identification, isolation, and characterization of pacemaking cells derived from differentiated ES cells with GFP driven by HCN4 promoter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening and southern blot analysis revealed that HCN4p-EGFP trans-gene was stably integrated into the chromosome of mouse AB1 ES cells. RT-PCR and immunostaining results showed similar expression of the specific cardiac pacemaker markers of the HCN4p-EGFP ES cells and its parental AB1 ES cell lines. Although HCN4p-EGFP trans-gene may have slight effect on the general mesodermal differentiation, it had no effect on the pluripotency of ES cells, on the transcription of cardiac specific factors and cardiac contractile proteins, and on the capability of ES cells to differentiate into pacemaker cells. Electrophysiological study indicated that HCN4p-GFP-positive cells revealed the spontaneous action potential, which was slowed by the treatment with 2 mM Cs(+), and expressed the hyperpolarization-activeted cation current I(f) encoded by HCN4 gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By the approach of using stable transfectant of HCN4p-EGFP gene, the identification, isolation, and characterization of ES cell-derived pacemaking cells could be carried out.
authors.affiliation: Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Udin
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bahrudin
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miake
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Igawa
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirayoshi
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hisatome
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D002469:Cell Separation; D054815:Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000166:cytology*; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D051379:Mice; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D054815:Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels; D017931:DNA Primers; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins