title: Visualization of subcellular NAD pools and intra-organellar protein localization by poly-ADP-ribose formation.
abstract: Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) use NAD(+) as substrate to generate polymers of ADP-ribose. We targeted the catalytic domain of human PARP1 as molecular NAD(+) detector into cellular organelles. Immunochemical detection of polymers demonstrated distinct subcellular NAD(+) pools in mitochondria, peroxisomes and, surprisingly, in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. Polymers did not accumulate within the mitochondrial intermembrane space or the cytosol. We demonstrate the suitability of this compartment-specific NAD(+) and poly-ADP-ribose turnover to establish intra-organellar protein localization. For overexpressed proteins, genetically endowed with PARP activity, detection of polymers indicates segregation from the cytosol and consequently intra-organellar residence. In mitochondria, polymer build-up reveals matrix localization of the PARP fusion protein. Compared to presently used fusion tags for subcellular protein localization, these are substantial improvements in resolution. We thus established a novel molecular tool applicable for studies of subcellular NAD metabolism and protein localization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dölle
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niere
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lohndal
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009243:NAD / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D009243:NAD; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases