Role of oxidative damage in toxicity of particulates.
Particulates are small particles of solid or liquid suspended in liquid or air. In vitro studies show that particles generate reactive oxygen species, deplete endogenous antioxidants, alter mitochondrial function and produce oxidative damage to lipids and DNA. Surface area, reactivity and chemical composition play important roles in the oxidative potential of particulates. Studies in animal models indicate that particles from combustion processes (generated by combustion of wood or diesel oil), silicate, titanium dioxide and nanoparticles (C60 fullerenes and carbon nanotubes) produce elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products and oxidatively damaged DNA. Biomonitoring studies in humans have shown associations between exposure to air pollution and wood smoke particulates and oxidative damage to DNA, deoxynucleotides and lipids measured in leukocytes, plasma, urine and/or exhaled breath. The results indicate that oxidative stress and elevated levels of oxidatively altered biomolecules are important intermediate endpoints that may be useful markers in hazard characterization of particulates.
Møller
Peter
P
Department of Public Health, Section of Environment Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. p.moller@pubhealth.ku.dk
Jacobsen
Nicklas R
NR
Folkmann
Janne K
JK
Danielsen
Pernille H
PH
Mikkelsen
Lone
L
Hemmingsen
Jette G
JG
Vesterdal
Lise K
LK
Forchhammer
Lykke
L
Wallin
Håkan
H
Loft
Steffen
S
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000145:classification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
D000975:Antioxidants; D052638:Particulate Matter