CO(2) insufflation for potentially difficult colonoscopies: efficacy when used by less experienced colonoscopists.
OBJECTIVE
To clarify the effectiveness of CO(2) insufflation in potentially difficult colonoscopy cases, particularly in relation to the experience level of colonoscopists.


METHODS
One hundred twenty potentially difficult cases were included in this study, which involved females with a low body mass index and patients with earlier abdominal and/or pelvic open surgery or previously diagnosed left-side colon diverticulosis. Patients receiving colonoscopy examinations without sedation using a pediatric variable-stiffness colonoscope were divided into two groups based on either CO(2) or standard air insufflation. Both insufflation procedures were also evaluated according to the experience level of the respective colonoscopists who were divided into an experienced colonoscopist (EC) group and a less experienced colonoscopist (LEC) group. Study measurements included a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) for patient pain during and after colonoscopy examinations, in addition to insertion to the cecum and withdrawal times.


RESULTS
Examination times did not differ, however, VAS scores in the CO(2) group were significantly better than in the air group (P < 0.001, two-way ANOVA) from immediately after the procedure and up to 2 h later. There were no significant differences between either insufflation method in the EC group (P = 0.29), however, VAS scores for CO(2) insufflation were significantly better than air insufflation in the LEC group (P = 0.023) immediately after colonoscopies and up to 4 h afterwards.


CONCLUSIONS
CO(2) insufflation reduced patient pain after colonoscopy in potentially difficult cases when performed by LECs.
Uraoka
Toshio
T
Department of Endoscopy, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. turaoka@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
Kato
Jun
J
Kuriyama
Motoaki
M
Hori
Keisuke
K
Ishikawa
Shin
S
Harada
Keita
K
Takemoto
Koji
K
Hiraoka
Sakiko
S
Fujita
Hideyuki
H
Horii
Joichiro
J
Saito
Yutaka
Y
Yamamoto
Kazuhide
K
D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D000368:Aged; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007327:Insufflation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D002245:Carbon Dioxide