title: When is electrical cortical stimulation more likely to produce afterdischarges?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study when afterdischarges (ADs) are more likely to occur during cortical stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 6250 electrical stimulation trials in 13 patients with subdural electrodes, studying whether AD occurrence during a trial was influenced by electrode pair stimulated or AD occurrence during the previous trial. In total 545 electrodes were stimulated, 119 frontal (pre-perirolandic), 289 perirolandic, 36 parietal (post-perirolandic), 95 temporal, and 6 occipital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the same electrode pair was stimulated as the prior trial, 19% produced ADs compared to 5% of trials when a different electrodes pair was stimulated (p<0.0001). When trials showed ADs, and the next trial stimulated the same electrode pair, ADs occurred in 46% of cases, compared to 13% of trials following trials without ADs (p<0.0001). AD probability decreased with increased inter-trial interval length only when the prior trial was at the same electrode pair and had produced an AD (p=0.001). AD probability increased with stimulation duration, whether the trial followed a trial with (p<0.001) or without (p<0.0001) an AD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADs were more likely to occur when an electrode pair showed ADs and was stimulated again, especially when stimulating after short inter-trial intervals or for longer duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When ADs occur, waiting about a minute before resuming stimulation might lessen the likelihood of AD recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287-7247, USA.
authors.forename: Hyang Woon
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: W R S
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Crone
authors.forename: Diana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Miglioretti
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lesser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult