title: Chronic kidney disease among men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse potential association of various clinical characteristics of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) among men presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to BPH of varying severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the data of 2741 consecutive patients who presented to our clinic with LUTS secondary to BPH. For our analysis, CKD was defined by an elevated serum creatinine level or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to address associations of CKD with various clinical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 2741 patients, 161 (5.9%) were initially classified as having CKD (serum creatinine > or =133 micromol/L). In multivariate analysis, peak flow rate (P = 0.001) and a history of hypertension and/or diabetes (both P < 0.001) were significantly associated with CKD, whereas age, body mass index, prostate-specific antigen level, prostate volume, postvoid residual, or International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were not. When individual symptoms from the IPSS were analysed, only weak stream (P = 0.041) and hesitancy (P = 0.048), both obstruction-related, were significantly associated with CKD status in age and comorbidity-adjusted analyses. The results of secondary analysis with CKD defined as an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that decreased peak flow rate and a history of hypertension and/or diabetes are significantly associated with CKD in men seeking management for LUTS from BPH of varying severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Seung Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Seok-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Young Kwon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Dong Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae Yup
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jeong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Cheil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seok Heun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Sang Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D053448:Prostatism / Q000209:etiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014556:Urine
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen