title: Transfer of plasmid-mediated CTX-M-9 from Salmonella enterica serotype Virchow to Enterobacteriaceae in human flora-associated rats treated with cefixime.
abstract: Food animals are a potential source of CTX-M resistance genes for humans. We evaluated the transfer of the bla(CTX-M-9) gene from an animal strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Virchow to Enterobacteriaceae of the human intestinal flora by using human flora-associated (HFA) rats with and without cefixime treatment. In the absence of antibiotic, no transconjugant enterobacteria were found in the feces of HFA rats. However, the transfer rate was high if Escherichia coli J5 recipient strains were coinoculated orally with Salmonella. S. enterica serotype Virchow persisted in the rat fecal flora both during and after treatment with therapeutic doses of cefixime. The drug did not increase the transfer rate, and E. coli J5 transconjugants were eliminated from the flora before the end of cefixime treatment. No cefixime was recovered in the rat feces. In the presence of recipient strains, the bla(CTX-M-9) resistance gene was transferred from a strain of animal origin to the human intestinal flora, although transconjugant colonization was transient. Antibiotic use enhanced the persistence of donor strains, increasing the resistance gene pool and the risk of its spread.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Research and Investigation of Veterinary Drugs and Disinfectants, Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Unit, AFSSA Fougères, BP 90203, La Haute Marche, 35133 Javené, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perrin-Guyomard
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Delmas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chatre
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laurentie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020682:Cefixime / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D003470:Culture Media; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000235:genetics*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D020682:Cefixime; C412613:CTX-M-9 protein, E coli; D001618:beta-Lactamases