title: Socializing the human factors analysis and classification system: incorporating social psychological phenomena into a human factors error classification system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The presence of social psychological pressures on pilot decision making was assessed using qualitative analyses of critical incident interviews.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Social psychological phenomena have long been known to influence attitudes and behavior but have not been highlighted in accident investigation models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a critical incident method, 28 pilots who flew in Alaska were interviewed. The participants were asked to describe a situation involving weather when they were pilot in command and found their skills challenged. They were asked to describe the incident in detail but were not explicitly asked to identify social pressures. Pressures were extracted from transcripts in a bottom-up manner and then clustered into themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 28 pilots, 16 described social psychological pressures on their decision making, specifically, informational social influence, the foot-in-the-door persuasion technique, normalization of deviance, and impression management and self-consistency motives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe accident and incident investigations can benefit from explicit inclusion of common social psychological pressures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend specific ways of incorporating these pressures into theHuman Factors Analysis and Classification System.
authors.affiliation: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA. sbfpaletz@gmail.com
authors.forename: Susannah B F
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Paletz
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bearman
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orasanu
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holbrook
mesh_terms: D000060:Accidents, Aviation / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001359:Aviation / Q000379:methods*; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011593:Psychology, Social; D012931:Social Environment; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014887:Weather