title: Social support after stillbirth for prevention of maternal depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study how social support is associated with ensuing maternal depression following stillbirth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a population-based national postal questionnaire. Setting. Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 314 (83%) of all 380 Swedish-speaking women who gave birth to singleton stillborn infants in Sweden during 1991, identified through the Swedish Medical Birth Register.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postal questionnaires addressing maternal social support and demographics were completed three years following the stillbirth. The association between support-related factors and later maternal depression was assessed using multivariable regression models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adjusted analyses, a father's refusal to talk about a stillborn baby with the mother was associated with an almost five-fold risk of later maternal depressive symptoms [adjusted risk ratio (RR) 4.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-14.5]. The mother's belief that she could talk with the infant's father about the child was associated with a reduced risk (adjusted RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.1-0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unwillingness of the father to discuss a stillborn infant with the mother was related to subsequent maternal depressive symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. psurkan@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Surkan
authors.forename: Ingela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rådestad
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cnattingius
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steineck
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Dickman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D012944:Social Support; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult