Work stress and driving anger in Japan.
We investigated the relationship between work stress arising from effort-reward imbalance at work (ERI) and driving anger in a community sample of workers in Nagoya, a mid-sized city in Japan. We hypothesised that ERI would exert a positive effect on driving anger via its influence on trait anger. The study also pioneered the use of the Driving Anger Scale (DAS) in a non-western country and explored cultural differences in the experience of anger on the road. A random sample of 215 (N = 138, 64% females; N = 77, 36% males) full-time Japanese workers was obtained through random selection of one participant per household in three randomly selected suburbs (response rate 71% of each eligible participant approached). Participants completed a confidential self-report questionnaire. Japanese motorists reported significantly higher levels of ERI than all comparative western samples, and lower total driving anger and anger on all DAS subscales compared with American and Australian samples. British and Japanese drivers did not differ significantly on total driving anger. The findings indicate that Japanese may possess a different acceptance and expression of anger on the road. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses supported our hypothesis. Stress experienced in the workplace originating from a perceived disparity in extrinsic efforts and rewards was associated with increased enduring feelings of anger in employees, and through this anger an elevated level of aggressive feelings on the road. Stress from ERI may spill over into other domains, and changes at work are necessary to alleviate the impact on the individual, organisation and economy.
McLinton
Sarven S
SS
Work & Stress Research Group, Centre for Applied Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
Dollard
Maureen F
MF
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000786:Anger; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D017132:Workplace; D055815:Young Adult