title: Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for crossed-fused ectopic kidney.
abstract: A 25-year-old female presented with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection and end stage renal failure. Voiding cystourethrography revealed bilateral Grade IV vesicoureteral reflux with left to right crossed ectopia. A computed tomography scan showed fusion of both kidneys with the left kidney situated at the lower and anterior part of the right orthotopic moiety. A retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy with a right side ureterectomy was carried out.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Pranjal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Suhag
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel