title: Diarrheal illness among women, infants, and children (WIC) program participants in Miami, Florida: implications for nutrition education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess risk factors for diarrheal illness among clients of a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinic in Miami, FL.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey with questions about demographics, food safety practices, and diarrheal illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  WIC clinic operated by the Miami-Dade County Health Department in Florida. WIC is a national program for nutritionally at-risk, low-income young children and pregnant or postpartum women.
  
  
  METHODS
  WIC female clients at least 18 years of age who are able to read and speak English (n = 299).
  
  
  METHODS
  Diarrheal illness, defined as having at least 3 loose stools for 2 or more consecutive days during the previous 30 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Food safety behaviors significantly associated with diarrheal illness included not washing hands before preparing meals (P = .048) and baby bottles (P = .045) or after changing diapers (P = .009) and not washing all items that touched raw meat before preparing the next food item (P = .023). In general, pregnant women reported less frequent hand washing and had a lower food safety score than nonpregnant women (P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that interventions to improve food handling practices such as proper hand washing are needed for WIC clients, particularly pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Florida International University, Stempel School of Public Health, Miami, FL 33136, USA. edavila1@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Evelyn P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Davila
authors.forename: Mary Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Trepka
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Fatma G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Huffman
authors.forename: Zisca
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D053198:Child Nutrition Sciences / Q000193:education; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011632:Public Assistance; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult