title: Effective dose variation in pediatric computed tomography: dose reference levels in Greece.
abstract: Computed tomography provides high-resolution imaging of the human body. However, it contributes mainly to the doses on the population. Additionally, the fact that children are two to three times more sensitive to the x rays compared to the adults results in the increased need of taking action for the reduction of the dose regarding the computed tomography examinations. The first part of this paper presents the results of an investigation on the variation of doses to children while the second part compares those results with the European standards. This project took place in twelve hospitals distributed throughout the country. The weighted computed dose-index and the dose length product were calculated for four different age-categories (namely 0, 1, 5 and 10-year-old) and for the three most often examinations (brain, thorax and abdomen). Effective dose values were estimated using coefficients and patients' data. The measurements showed that only a few hospitals are taking into account the protocols regarding the age of the children. As a result, many patients receive high doses without this being necessary. Thus, reducing dose methods should be adapted in order to improve the optimization of this high dose modality.
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, Medical School, University of Athens, Mikras Asias, Goudi 11527 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yakoumakis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlatira
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gialousis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dimitriadis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Makri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Georgiou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001822:Body Burden; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014915:Whole-Body Counting / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult