title: The effect of regular training on plasma cytokines response in healthy and diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of regular swimming exercise on plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and of IL-6 cytokines in healthy and diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, carried out from March 2008 to March 2009 in the Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz, Iran, 40 Wistar rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): control-sedentary, control-exercised, diabetic-sedentary, and diabetic-exercised. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). The exercise protocol consisted of swimming (one hour/day, and 5 days/week) for 8 weeks. The plasma cytokines were measured by using specific kits and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings of this study showed that the mean difference of IL-6 was significant among the groups, and that regular swimming increased the plasma levels of IL-6 to 9-times in healthy rats and to 23-times in diabetic ones (p=0.000, F (3,31)=54.79). However, there were no significant differences in IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha levels among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to findings of this study, regular exercise causes an increase in plasma levels of IL-6, and this enhancement is much higher in diabetics rather than healthy rats. Thus, by increasing direct absorption of blood glucose by skeletal muscle, IL-6 can have a beneficial role in continuing the activities of diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. bonyadir@tbzmed.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonyadi
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Badalzadeh
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.forename: Shahindokht
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poozesh
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salehi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D013311:Streptozocin; D013550:Swimming; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013311:Streptozocin