title: Assessment of survival of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Infantis and Enterococcus faecalis artificially inoculated into experimental waste or compost.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate survival of pathogenic strains, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Infantis and a sanitation indicator Enterococcus faecalis in composts at different stages of the composting process and during storage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The studied pathogenic and indicator strains, originally isolated from compost, were inoculated into compost samples from the various stages of the composting process. During incubation, indigenous microflora diversity was monitored with DGGE analysis. After 90 days of incubation, strain survival was observed in compost sampled before the beginning of the cooling phase, and DGGE analysis demonstrated an increase of microbial diversity up to the cooling phase. However, inoculated strains were not detected in composts after 30, 60 or 90 days of incubation in compost sampled after the start of the cooling phase. Microbial diversity also became stable, and DGGE profiles reached a maximum number of bands at this stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strain survival was not observed in stabilized composts. The cooling phase seems to be the turning point for pathogen survival and at this stage the indigenous microflora appeared to play a significant role in suppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The importance of indigenous microflora in the survival of pathogens in four different composts was demonstrated. Stabilized composts were recommended for spreading on land.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire REVV, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Jules Guyot, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paniel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rousseaux
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gourland
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poitrenaud
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guzzo
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors