title: Generation of mesenchymal stromal cells from HOXB4-expressing human embryonic stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  HOXB4 transcription factor plays an important role in embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. Overexpression of HOXB4 in murine and human embryonic stem cells (ESC) has been used to generate hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) via the embryoid body formation method.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used FuGENE 6-based transfection of YPL2-HOXB4 vector to generate HOXB4-expressing colonies from human ESC line H9 and investigated the potential of these cells for differentiation into primitive CD34(+) hematopoietic cells, via co-culture methodology with OP9 murine bone marrow stromal cells. Expression of HOXB4 in transfected human ESC colonies and their derivatives was verified using immunocytochemistry and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Utilizing OP9 stromal cell co-culture methodology, we generated CD34(+) cells from HOXB4-expressing H9 human ESC at a frequency similar to, and not higher than, non-transfected human ESC. However, we observed that some colonies of HOXB4-expressing human ESC not co-cultured on OP9 cells, differentiated into mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) while preserving their HOXB4 expression. These HOXB4-expressing MSC expressed CD29, CD73, CD44, CD90, CD105 and HLA-class I, were negative for the expression of CD34, CD45, CD54, CD71, CD106 and HLA-DR, and could be differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our specific experimental system we observed that overexpression of HOXB4 in human ESC did not improve the generation of CD34(+) hematopoietic cells via OP9 co-culture methodology. Furthermore, we could generate MSC from human ESC over-expressing HOXB4.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Yi-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Peiman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hematti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C090460:HOXB4 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors