title: Central oxytocin is involved in restoring impaired gastric motility following chronic repeated stress in mice.
abstract: Accumulation of continuous life stress (chronic stress) often causes gastric symptoms. The development of gastric symptoms may depend on how humans adapt to the stressful events in their daily lives. Although acute stress delays gastric emptying and alters upper gastrointestinal motility in rodents, the effects of chronic stress on gastric motility and its adaptation mechanism remains unclear. Central oxytocin has been shown to have antistress effects. We studied whether central oxytocin is involved in mediating the adaptation mechanism following chronic repeated stress. Mice were loaded with acute and chronic stress (repeated stress for five consecutive days), and solid gastric emptying and postprandial gastric motility were compared between acute and chronic repeated stress. Expression of oxytocin and CRF mRNA in the hypothalamus was studied following acute and chronic repeated stress. Delayed gastric emptying during acute stress (43.1 +/- 7.8%; n = 6, P < 0.05) was completely restored to normal levels (72.1 +/- 2.4%; n = 6) following chronic repeated stress. Impaired gastric motility induced by acute stress was also restored following chronic repeated stress. Intracerebroventricular injection of oxytocin (0.1 and 0.5 microg) restored the impaired gastric emptying and motility induced by acute stress. The restored gastric emptying and motility following chronic repeated stress were antagonized by intracerebroventricular injection of oxytocin antagonists. Oxytocin mRNA expression in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus was significantly increased following chronic repeated stress. In contrast, increased CRF mRNA expression in the SON and PVN in response to acute stress was significantly reduced following chronic repeated stress. Our study suggests the novel finding that the upregulation of central oxytocin expression is involved in mediating the adaptation mechanism following chronic repeated stress in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin and Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Reji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Babygirija
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Toku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000502:physiology*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010121:Oxytocin; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone