title: Assessment of the Student Sight Savers Program methods for glaucoma screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess methods used for glaucoma screening in the Student Sight Savers Program (SSSP), an initiative of the Friends of the Congressional Glaucoma Caucus Foundation that has screened individuals for glaucoma in the United States since 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, case-control, clinic-based study (total N = 70). Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and age- and sex-matched controls with no evidence of glaucoma or other ocular disease were evaluated with the SSSP screening method. Primary outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive power for both low- and high-prevalence populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity and specificity values of the individual tests were 48.6% and 68.6% for family history of glaucoma, 22.1% and 78.6% for intraocular pressure (IOP), and 58.1% and 98.6% for frequency doubling technology (FDT) visual field (P = 0.03, chi-square). Specificity of FDT was significantly better than IOP (P < 0.001) and the questionnaire (P < 0.01) by z-test. When analyzing the overall screening criteria (positive screen was >or= 1 positive in the three tests), the sensitivity increased to 88.6% with reduction in specificity to 57.1%. The positive predictive power (PPP) for high-prevalence population was low for the overall screening criteria (15.4%) and highest for FDT as an individual (34.0%) or combined (41.0% to 45.3%) test. The medical student education and community awareness aspects of the program were not assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of different methods used in the SSSP, FDT was the best single screening test, demonstrating high specificity but only moderate sensitivity. Use of multiple screening criteria resulted in slightly increased sensitivity and PPP over FDT, but decreased specificity.
authors.affiliation: Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.
authors.forename: Sarwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salim
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Netland
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aldridge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields