title: Evaluation of combined antibacterial effects of eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and carvacrol against E. coli with an improved method.
abstract: In this study, the antibacterial activities of eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, carvacrol, and their combinations against E. coli were investigated separately. First, broth macro-dilution assay was adopted to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the 4 components. Second, the combination testing was performed using chequerboard method. Finally, the combined effects were evaluated with an improved method, which was based on the indices of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) and Effect of the Combination (EC) jointly. The results indicated that MICs of the 4 components were 1600, 400, 400, and 400 mg/L, respectively; treatments with cinnamaldehyde/eugenol, thymol/eugenol, carvacrol/eugenol, and thymol/carvacrol revealed synergistic effects according to the 2 indices. By means of combination, MICs of eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and carvacrol decreased to 400, 100, 100, and 100 mg/L, respectively. Consequently, the negative impacts of unpleasant smell of these 4 components could be minimized, making it possible to add them to foods as preservatives. In addition, this improved evaluation method provided a more accurate and comprehensive way to evaluate combined effects.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ, Haidian District, Beijing, China. peiruisong@gmail.com
authors.forename: Rui-Song
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Bao-Ping
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D005054:Eugenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005520:Food Preservatives; D039821:Monoterpenes; D005054:Eugenol; D000171:Acrolein; C012843:cinnamaldehyde