title: Multidisciplinary management of Hunter syndrome.
abstract: Hunter syndrome is a rare, X-linked disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase. In the absence of sufficient enzyme activity, glycosaminoglycans accumulate in the lysosomes of many tissues and organs and contribute to the multisystem, progressive pathologies seen in Hunter syndrome. The nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems can be involved in individuals with Hunter syndrome. Although the management of some clinical problems associated with the disease may seem routine, the management is typically complex and requires the physician to be aware of the special issues surrounding the patient with Hunter syndrome, and a multidisciplinary approach should be taken. Subspecialties such as otorhinolaryngology, neurosurgery, orthopedics, cardiology, anesthesiology, pulmonology, and neurodevelopment will all have a role in management, as will specialty areas such as physiotherapy, audiology, and others. The important management topics are discussed in this review, and the use of enzyme-replacement therapy with recombinant human iduronate-2-sulfatase as a specific treatment for Hunter syndrome is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7487, USA. muenzer@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muenzer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Escolar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giugliani
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Guffon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harmatz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kamin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kampmann
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Koseoglu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Molter
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Muñoz Rojas
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ogilvie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parini
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ramaswami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scarpa
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wraith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D056947:Enzyme Replacement Therapy; D005838:Genotype; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007066:Iduronate Sulfatase / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008297:Male; D016532:Mucopolysaccharidosis II / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010641:Phenotype; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007066:Iduronate Sulfatase; C517982:idursulfase