title: Fasting plasma levels of nesfatin-1 in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the nutrient-related fluctuation of nesfatin-1 level in normal humans.
abstract: The novel satiety factor nesfatin-1 has been shown to decrease food intake and body weight in rodents after i.c.v. injection. However, no further developments regarding the true patho-physiological relevance of nesfatin-1 in obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1 DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) have been reported. A recent study by Stengel et al. demonstrated that a down-regulation of NUCB2 mRNA in gastric endocrine cells was observed after 24-h fasting. They raised the possibility that nesfatin/NUCB2 gene expression may be regulated by nutritional status, suggesting that nesfatin-1 in the stomach might play a role in satiety. In the present study, fasting levels in plasma nesfatin-1, insulin and glucose were measured and analyzed in healthy subjects and in patients with T1 DM and T2 DM. Plasma nesfatin-1 levels were measured 6 times before and after oral glucose ingestion in healthy subjects. No sex differences in plasma nesfatin-1 were found. The mean fasting plasma nesfatin-1 levels were slightly but not significantly higher in T1 DM patients compared to healthy subjects. However, fasting plasma nesfatin-1 levels were significantly lower in T2 DM patients compared to healthy subjects and T1 DM patients. Plasma nesfatin-1 did not change acutely, although a small rise in circulating nesfatin-1 occurred within 30 min after the beginning of an oral glucose ingestion (from a mean basal value of 0.99+/-0.23 ng/ml to a maximum of 1.08+/-0.24 ng/ml). No significant difference in plasma nesfatin-1 before and after an oral glucose was observed. In conclusion, we showed that fasting nesfatin-1 was significantly lower in T2 DM patients compared to healthy subjects and T1 DM patients. The significance of this result is unclear but the reduction in fasting nesfatin-1 may be one of the appetite-related hormones involved in diabetic hyperphagia. In addition, neither glucose nor saline ingestions affected plasma nesfatin-1, suggesting that gastric chemosensation is not sufficient for the nesfatin-1 response under the present conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Qingdao University School of Medicine, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Chun
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong-Zai
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Zheng-Yao
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000080866:Nucleobindins; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C000630650:NUCB2 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000080866:Nucleobindins; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D005947:Glucose