title: Connexin43 knockdown or overexpression modulates cell coupling in control and failing rabbit left ventricular myocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have shown that failing human and rabbit left ventricle (LV) exhibits downregulation and dephosphorylation of connexin43 (Cx43) and that Cx43 dephosphorylation in heart failure (HF) contributes to reduced cell coupling. However, the role of Cx43 downregulation per se in impaired coupling in HF is unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First, we used adenovirus (Ad) encoding a Cx43 siRNA sequence to knock down Cx43 protein levels in cultured control rabbit LV myocytes. Cells cultured for up to 48 h with intermittent pacing maintained Cx43 protein levels and phosphorylation status. Cell coupling in Cx43 knockdown myocyte pairs (by Lucifer Yellow dye transfer) was markedly reduced after 24 h infection (associated with approximately 40% Cx43 knockdown) and after 48 h (associated with approximately 70% Cx43 knockdown). The phosphorylation status, distribution of remaining Cx43 proteins, and levels of other cardiac connexins (Cx40 and Cx45) were unchanged. Second, we overexpressed Cx43 to levels comparable to control using an adenovirus encoding wild-type Cx43 (Cx43WT) gene in isolated LV myocytes from our arrhythmogenic HF rabbit model. We found 87% more Cx43WT proteins improved dye coupling [vs. Ad-beta-galactosidase (LacZ) infected HF controls]. Overexpressed Cx43 protein was located throughout the myocyte membrane (same pattern as in controls), and the phosphorylation status of Cx43 remained comparable to that in AdLacZ infected HF controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to Cx43 dephosphorylation, downregulation of Cx43 plays an essential role in reduced cell coupling in the failing rabbit heart. Modulation of Cx43 expression could be a novel therapeutic approach to improve conduction and decrease sudden death in HF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, UAB Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall B140, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. xai@uab.edu
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pogwizd
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology; D007546:Isoquinolines; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011817:Rabbits; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D018031:Connexin 43; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007546:Isoquinolines; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C017475:lucifer yellow