title: Detection of myocardial damage in patients with sarcoidosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with sarcoidosis, sudden death is a leading cause of mortality, which may represent unrecognized cardiac involvement. Delayed-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DE-CMR) can detect minute amounts of myocardial damage. We sought to compare DE-CMR with standard clinical evaluation for the identification of cardiac involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one consecutive patients with biopsy-proven extracardiac sarcoidosis were prospectively recruited for a parallel and masked comparison of cardiac involvement between (1) DE-CMR and (2) standard clinical evaluation with the use of consensus criteria (modified Japanese Ministry of Health [JMH] guidelines). Standard evaluation included 12-lead ECG and at least 1 dedicated non-CMR cardiac study (echocardiography, radionuclide scintigraphy, or cardiac catheterization). Patients were followed for 21+/-8 months for major adverse events (death, defibrillator shock, or pacemaker requirement). Patients were predominantly middle-aged (46+/-11 years), female (62%), and black (73%) and had chronic sarcoidosis (median, 7 years) and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (median, 56%). DE-CMR identified cardiac involvement in 21 patients (26%) and JMH criteria in 10 (12%, 8 overlapping), a >2-fold higher rate for DE-CMR (P=0.005). All patients with myocardial damage on DE-CMR had coronary disease excluded by x-ray angiography. Pathology evaluation in 15 patients (19%) identified 4 with cardiac sarcoidosis; all 4 were positive by DE-CMR, whereas 2 were JMH positive. On follow-up, 8 had adverse events, including 5 cardiac deaths. Patients with myocardial damage on DE-CMR had a 9-fold higher rate of adverse events and an 11.5-fold higher rate of cardiac death than patients without damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with sarcoidosis, DE-CMR is more than twice as sensitive for cardiac involvement as current consensus criteria. Myocardial damage detected by DE-CMR appears to be associated with future adverse events including cardiac death, but events were few, and this needs confirmation in a larger cohort.
authors.affiliation: Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Manesh R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cawley
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Heitner
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klem
authors.forename: Michele A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Wael A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Jaroudi
authors.forename: Trip J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Meine
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Han W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003643:Death; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D013318:Stroke Volume