Update on thyroid eye disease and management.
Thyroid eye disease is a heterogeneous autoimmune orbital reaction typically manifesting in middle age. The inflammation may parallel or remain isolated from a related inflammatory cascade in the thyroid called Graves' disease. The orbital manifestations can lead to severe proptosis, dry eyes, strabismus, and optic neuropathy. In this article, we will discuss this unique condition including the ophthalmic findings and management.
Bothun
Erick D
ED
Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota, MMC 493, Minneapolis, MN, USA. bothu003@umn.edu
Scheurer
Ryan A
RA
Harrison
Andrew R
AR
Lee
Michael S
MS