title: Reciprocity in parenting of adolescents within the context of marital negativity.
abstract: The authors investigated the degree to which parents become more similar to each other over time in their childrearing behaviors. Mothers and fathers of 451 adolescents were assessed at 3 points in time, with 2-year lags between each assessment. Data on parent warmth, harshness, and monitoring were collected by parent self-report, adolescent report, and observer ratings of family interactions. After controlling for earlier levels of parenting, parent education, and adolescent deviancy, spouse's parenting and marital negativity were significant predictors of later parenting. Marital negativity tended to be a stronger predictor of fathering than mothering. For fathers, associations between spouse's parenting and later fathering were strongest in marriages characterized by low negativity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Community Development, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA. tomschofield@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Schofield
authors.forename: Rand D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Conger
authors.forename: Monica J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Stockdale
authors.forename: Katherine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Conger
authors.forename: Keith F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Widaman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology*; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012931:Social Environment; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D014741:Video Recording