title: A randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study of a preparation containing undecylenoyl phenylalanine 2% in the treatment of solar lentigines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Solar lentigines are common, benign, cosmetically disfiguring lesions. Available physical treatments are effective, but they are costly and carry risks of side-effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a preparation containing undecylenoyl phenylalanine 2% in the topical treatment of solar lentigines.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 36 patients with solar lentigines of the hands were randomly assigned to apply the active preparation on one side and the vehicle alone on the other side, twice daily for 12 weeks. Patients were evaluated monthly for efficacy and safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 30 patients (28 women and 2 men; age range 47-75 years) completed the study. The duration of lesions ranged from 8 months to > 10 years. All patients responded partially on the side of the active treatment. Of the partial responders, 19 (63.3%) had moderate improvement and 11 (36.6%) had marked improvement. Improvement was evident from the first follow-up visit. On the side of the vehicle, 26 remained stable (86.6%) and 4 (13.3%) had partial improvement. There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) in efficacy of the active preparation vs. the vehicle. Using patient assessment ratings, 80% were 'much more satisfied/more satisfied' with the result. The reported side-effects were minor and included erythema and itching or burning on the side of active treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Undecylenoyl phenylalanine 2% is a novel depigmenting agent, which possibly acts as an alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone antagonist, thus inhibiting melaninogenesis. It achieved a significant lightening of the lesions with minimal side-effects. Most patients were satisfied with the improvement. Undecylenoyl phenylalanine 2% may represent a safe, effective and inexpensive therapeutic alternative for solar lentigines.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece. alexanderkatoulis@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Katoulis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alevizou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bozi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zafeiraki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mantas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kousta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mistidou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanelleas
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Stavrianeas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007911:Lentigo / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D010649:Phenylalanine; D000521:alpha-MSH