title: Rising incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among children: a 12-year study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data suggest an increase in the incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We examined the trend of the incidence of IBD in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective investigation was conducted on a cohort of children diagnosed with IBD between 1991 and 2002 who were registered in the IBD center at Texas Children's Hospital. The diagnosis of IBD was based on clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and histological examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 272 children eligible for the analysis; 56% diagnosed with Crohn disease (CD), 22% with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 22% with indeterminate colitis. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1 in CD, 0.6:1 in UC, and 0.8:1 in indeterminate colitis. From 1991 to 2002, the incidence rate has doubled from 1.1/100,000/year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-1.36) to 2.4/1001,000/year (95% CI 2.10-2.77). This trend was valid for CD but not for UC. Whites had higher incidence rate of IBD than African Americans or Hispanics: 4.15/100,000/year (95% CI 3.48-4.82) versus 1.83/100,000/year (95% CI 1.14-2.51), and 0.61/100,000/year (95% CI 0.33-0.89), respectively. African Americans were predominantly diagnosed with CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate the rising incidence of IBD among children with evidence of more CD than UC. Recognition of these results will have important implications for diagnosis and management of IBD in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Hmalaty@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Hoda M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Malaty
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Antone R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Opekun
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thibodeaux
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Ferry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data