title: Argentinean propolis from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Caesalpinieae) exudates: phytochemical characterization and antifungal activity.
abstract: This paper reports the in vitro antifungal activity of propolis extracts from the province of Tucuman (Argentina) as well as the identification of their main antifungal compounds and botanical origin. The antifungal activity was determined by the microdilution technique, using reference microorganisms and clinical isolates. All dermatophytes and yeasts tested were strongly inhibited by different propolis extracts (MICs between 16 and 125 microg mL(-1)). The most susceptible species were Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum. The main bioactive compounds were 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone 2 and 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone 3. Both displayed strong activity against clinical isolates of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes (MICs and MFCs between 1.9 and 2.9 microg mL(-1)). Additionally, galangin 5, pinocembrin 6, and 7-hydroxy-8-methoxyflavanone 9 were isolated from propolis samples and Zuccagnia punctata exudates, showing moderate antifungal activity. This is the first study matching the chemical profile of Z. punctata Cav. exudates with their corresponding propolis, giving strong evidence on the botanical origin of the studied propolis.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Avenida Libertador General San Martin 1109 (O), 5400 San Juan, Argentina.
authors.forename: María Belén
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Agüero
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Svetaz
authors.forename: Marianela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zacchino
authors.forename: Gabriela Egly
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Feresin
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmeda-Hirschmann
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wunderlin
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tapia
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001118:Argentina; D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000187:drug effects; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011429:Propolis