title: The secretions of oviduct epithelial cells increase the equine in vitro fertilization rate: are osteopontin, atrial natriuretic peptide A and oviductin involved?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oviduct epithelial cells (OEC) co-culture promotes in vitro fertilization (IVF) in human, bovine and porcine species, but no data are available from equine species. Yet, despite numerous attempts, equine IVF rates remain low. Our first aim was to verify a beneficial effect of the OEC on equine IVF. In mammals, oviductal proteins have been shown to interact with gametes and play a role in fertilization. Thus, our second aim was to identify the proteins involved in fertilization in the horse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first experiment, we co-incubated fresh equine spermatozoa treated with calcium ionophore and in vitro matured equine oocytes with or without porcine OEC. We showed that the presence of OEC increases the IVF rates. In the subsequent experiments, we co-incubated equine gametes with OEC and we showed that the IVF rates were not significantly different between 1) gametes co-incubated with equine vs porcine OEC, 2) intact cumulus-oocyte complexes vs denuded oocytes, 3) OEC previously stimulated with human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Luteinizing Hormone and/or oestradiol vs non stimulated OEC, 4) in vivo vs in vitro matured oocytes. In order to identify the proteins responsible for the positive effect of OEC, we first searched for the presence of the genes encoding oviductin, osteopontin and atrial natriuretic peptide A (ANP A) in the equine genome. We showed that the genes coding for osteopontin and ANP A are present. But the one for oviductin either has become a pseudogene during evolution of horse genome or has been not well annotated in horse genome sequence. We then showed that osteopontin and ANP A proteins are present in the equine oviduct using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor, and we analyzed their expression during oestrus cycle by Western blot. Finally, we co-incubated equine gametes with or without purified osteopontin or synthesized ANP A. No significant effect of osteopontin or ANP A was observed, though osteopontin slightly increased the IVF rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows a beneficial effect of homologous and heterologous oviduct cells on equine IVF rates, though the rates remain low. Furthers studies are necessary to identify the proteins involved. We showed that the surface plasmon resonance technique is efficient and powerful to analyze molecular interactions during fertilization.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. sylvie.mugnier@tours.inra.fr
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mugnier
authors.forename: Morgane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kervella
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Douet
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canepa
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pascal
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deleuze
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duchamp
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monget
authors.forename: Ghylène
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goudet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000662:veterinary; D006736:Horses / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D053495:Osteopontin; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C074599:oviductin