title: Continuous granulation with a twin-screw extruder: impact of material throughput.
abstract: Agglomeration behavior of a twin-screw extruder at different material throughputs was investigated. Water insoluble dicalcium phosphate and the binder povidone were agglomerated with demineralized water with five different screw configurations using conveying-, kneading- or combing mixer elements. Increasing material throughput mainly had an effect on the particle size of granules. Due to a higher filling degree of the barrel, the particle size was higher at increased material throughput. Granule porosity was generally influenced by screw element type. With a higher element dispersivity granule porosity and friability decreased. Compression of the different granule batches led to comparable tablet properties. A simple scale up in order to increase batch size can be realized by increasing either production time at given material throughput or material throughput.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Djuric
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kleinebudde
mesh_terms: D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D005079:Excipients; D013607:Tablets; D011205:Povidone; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous