title: The use of glutaraldehyde-fixed chicken red blood cells as counting beads for performing affordable single-platform CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count in HIV-1-infected patients.
abstract: CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count is an important marker in management of HIV-1-infected patients. The standard single-platform (SP) flow cytometric (FCM) CD4(+) testing that uses the known reference microbeads is expensive; more affordable alternatives are therefore needed. We evaluated the use of glutaraldehyde-fixed chicken red blood cells (CRBCs) as counting beads as an alternative for enumerating CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts in 87 HIV-1-infected patients. Linear regression analyses revealed an excellent correlation of the SP FCM using CRBCs with the standard SP bead-based FCM method (percentages, r(2) > 0.99; absolute counts, r(2) > 0.98) over the entire range including the clinically relevant range. Mean percent bias for the CRBC method was +0.35% [limits of agreement (LOA): -1.86% to +2.57%]. For absolute CD4(+) T-lymphocytes, the mean biases was -47.76 cells per microliter (LOA: -191.34 to +98.81 cells/microL) with much lower bias for CD4 T-lymphocyte counts <200 cells per microliter (LOA: -31.92 to +22.95 cells/microL). The use of CRBCs is comparable with the use of commercial microbeads. This has resulted in major cost savings to resource-limited countries where the health care system is under increasing pressure to operate cost effectively. This can greatly facilitate and ensure the success of the ongoing antiretroviral therapy program in these countries.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Flow Cytometry, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. grkpy@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Kovit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pattanapanyasat
authors.forename: Egarit
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noulsri
authors.forename: Surada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lerdwana
authors.forename: Kasama
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sukapirom
authors.forename: Nattawat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onlamoon
authors.forename: Boonrat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tassaneetrithep
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D002645:Chickens; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D005404:Fixatives / Q000737:chemistry; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives; D005976:Glutaral