title: Chronic bilious vomiting in children in developing countries due  to high bowel obstruction: not always malrotation or tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bilious vomiting, in conjunction with abdominal pain is considered to be a surgical problem, unless proved otherwise. In children, besides tuberculosis (TB), we have found jejunal stricture (JS) due to non-specific jejunoileitis (NSJI) to be an important cause of chronic high small bowel obstruction and bilious vomiting.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, the records of all children with complaint of intermittent bilious vomiting and failure to thrive were evaluated. Investigations included oral contrast study, ultrasound abdomen, chest X-ray and Mantoux test. Final confirmation was made at laparotomy. Treatment included jejuno-jejunal resection and anastomosis. Histopathology of the specimen was done to look for caseation, granuloma formation and other details.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of total 100 patients with the complaint of bilious vomiting, 25 were having JS. Radiologic confirmation was possible in 19 (76%) patients of JS. No patient had evidence of TB as per our protocol. Histopathology revealed non-specific ischemic changes in all specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Jejunal stricture due to NSJI is a common entity in our setup leading to bilious vomiting. Contrast study can provide high index of suspicion in most of the patients. The diagnosis must be confirmed after proper histopathological examination. The results of the surgery are excellent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India. dranand27@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Gangopadhyay
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gopal
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: S C U
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Patne
mesh_terms: D001646:Bile; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003906:Developing Countries; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007077:Ileal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D045822:Intestinal Volvulus / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007579:Jejunal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014385:Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014839:Vomiting / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology