title: Recirculating vertical flow constructed wetland: green alternative to treating both human and animal sewage.
abstract: Subsurface constructed wetlands using a recirculating vertical flow are a viable alternative technology to pretreating conventional residential septic systems effluents before underground discharge. The authors examined performance of a recirculating vertical flow constructed wetland (RVFCW) to treat both human and domestic animal sewage from the LaGrange County (Indiana) Animal Shelter. Effluent water samples were analyzed for the five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (AN), total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphorus (TP) and fecal coliform bacteria (FC). Treatment efficiencies (percentage removal) after a two-year operation were high for BOD5 (99%), TSS (98%), AN (96%), TKN (94%), TN (83%), and FC (99%). Nitrate-nitrogen final mean value was 6.8 mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration increased from 1.8 to 4.3 mg/L, and removal efficiency for total phosphorus was low (33%). These results show that vertical flow constructed wetlands are a green alternative to remove pollutants generated for both human and domestic animals.
authors.affiliation: LaGrange County Health Department, Environmental Health Office, LaGrange, IN 46761-1319, USA. agarcia@lagrangecounty.org
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Pérez
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007196:Indiana; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds; D012722:Sewage; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D017672:Nitrogen Compounds; D012722:Sewage