title: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression in cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The glycoprotein macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine that has been shown to promote tumor progression and tumor immune escape in ovarian cancer. The present study investigates MIF in uterine cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty surgical biopsies (32 cervical dysplasias, 23 in situ carcinomas and 25 invasive carcinomas) of uterine cervical tissue were evaluated immunohistochemically for MIF expression. In uterine cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and CaSki and their respective supernatants, MIF protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemical analysis shows that MIF is clearly overexpressed on the protein level in invasive cervical cancer compared to cervical dysplasias. MIF overexpression was confirmed by RT-PCR in surgical biopsies of invasive cervical cancer. Western blotting reveals that the MIF protein is overexpressed in SiHA und CaSki cervical cancer cell lines, whereas the ELISA reveals that cervical cancer cells secrete MIF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIF has been shown to promote tumor immune escape mechanisms in other cancer entities, which makes it an interesting target for cancer therapy, given the known significance of immune mechanisms for uterine cervical cancer. The overexpression of MIF on the protein and mRNA level, as well as its secretion by cervical cancer cells points to a critical role of the protein for the pathogenesis of uterine cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krockenberger
authors.forename: Jörg B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kolb
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dombrowsky
authors.forename: Sebastian F M
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Häusler
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kohrenhagen
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dietl
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wischhusen
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Honig
mesh_terms: D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger