title: Hemicraniectomy: a new model for human electrophysiology with high spatio-temporal resolution.
abstract: Human electrophysiological research is generally restricted to scalp EEG, magneto-encephalography, and intracranial electrophysiology. Here we examine a unique patient cohort that has undergone decompressive hemicraniectomy, a surgical procedure wherein a portion of the calvaria is removed for several months during which time the scalp overlies the brain without intervening bone. We quantify the differences in signals between electrodes over areas with no underlying skull and scalp EEG electrodes over the intact skull in the same subjects. Signals over the hemicraniectomy have enhanced amplitude and greater task-related power at higher frequencies (60-115 Hz) compared with signals over skull. We also provide evidence of a metric for trial-by-trial EMG/EEG coupling that is effective over the hemicraniectomy but not intact skull at frequencies >60 Hz. Taken together, these results provide evidence that the hemicraniectomy model provides a means for studying neural dynamics in humans with enhanced spatial and temporal resolution.
authors.affiliation: Helen Wills Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3190, USA. bradley.voytek@gmail.com
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Voytek
authors.forename: Lavi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Secundo
authors.forename: Aurelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bidet-Caulet
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scabini
authors.forename: Shirley I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Stiver
authors.forename: Alisa D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Gean
authors.forename: Geoffrey T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Manley
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D056424:Decompressive Craniectomy / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D012535:Scalp; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods