title: Pathogens resistant to antibacterial agents.
abstract: Resistance to antimicrobial drugs is increasing at an alarming rate among both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Traditionally, bacteria resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents have been restricted to the nosocomial environment. A disturbing trend has been the recent emergence and spread of resistant pathogens in nursing homes, in the community, and in the hospital. This article reviews the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms of resistance, and treatment options for pathogens resistant to antimicrobial drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102359, Hanes House, Durham, NC 27710, USA. luke.chen@duke.edu
authors.forename: Luke F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Teena
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chopra
authors.forename: Keith S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kaye
mesh_terms: D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D001618:beta-Lactamases
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases