title: A comparative study assaying commonly used sanitizers for antimicrobial activity against indicator bacteria and a Salmonella Typhimurium strain on fresh produce.
abstract: With increased concerns over failures in vegetable and fruit sanitation, evaluating the efficacy of widely approved chemicals is ever more important. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sanitation treatments are equally effective against indicator bacteria and human enteric pathogens on cucumber and parsley. We provide here an experimental overview on the efficacy of common sanitation methods, which are based on peracetic acid-hydrogen peroxide, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, and the quaternary ammonium compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride. The sanitizers were tested for their activity against natural populations of total aerobic microorganisms, enterococci, and coliforms, and against the enteric pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (which was added artificially). Results revealed that compared with washing parsley and cucumbers with water, treatments with all three sanitizers were not effective, resulting in a maximal reduction of only 0.7 log CFU of Salmonella Typhimurium. These sanitizers were also not effective in removal of natural bacteria from parsley (maximal reduction was 0.7 log CFU). Sanitation of cucumber was more successful; peracetic acid showed the most effective result, with a reduction of 2.7 log in aerobic microorganisms compared with cucumbers washed with water. Still, removal of natural bacteria from cucumbers proved more efficient than the removal of Salmonella Typhimurium. This may create a debate about the necessity of the sanitation and its contribution to safety, because sanitation of some contaminated vegetables may result in an increased likelihood of foods that, although they are given good hygienic ratings due to low microbial counts, harbor pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
authors.forename: Natali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shirron
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kisluk
authors.forename: Yifat
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zelikovich
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eivin
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimoni
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaron
mesh_terms: D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014227:Triazines; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010463:Peracetic Acid; C011765:troclosene; C027118:didecyldimethylammonium