title: Muscular strength and incident hypertension in normotensive and prehypertensive men.
abstract: The protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on hypertension (HTN) are well known; however, the association between muscular strength and incidence of HTN has yet to be examined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the strength-HTN association with and without accounting for CRF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 4147 men (age = 20-82 yr) in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study for whom an age-specific composite muscular strength score was computed from measures of a one-repetition maximal leg and a one-repetition maximal bench press. CRF was quantified by maximal treadmill exercise test time in minutes. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals of incident HTN events according to exposure categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up of 19 yr, there were 503 incident HTN cases. Multivariable-adjusted (excluding CRF) HR of HTN in normotensive men comparing middle- and high-strength thirds to the lowest third were not significant at 1.17 and 0.84, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted (excluding CRF) HR of HTN in baseline prehypertensive men comparing middle- and high-strength thirds to the lowest third were significant at 0.73 and 0.72 (P = 0.01 each), respectively. The association between muscular strength and incidence of HTN in baseline prehypertensive men was no longer significant after control for CRF (P = 0.26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicated that middle and high levels of muscular strength were associated with a reduced risk of HTN in prehypertensive men only. However, this relationship was no longer significant after controlling for CRF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. morrisal@mailbox.sc.edu
authors.forename: Andréa L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Maslow
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Colabianchi
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.forename: Steven N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Blair
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult