title: Glycine reduces cadmium-induced alterations in the viability and activation of macrophage U937 cells.
abstract: This study investigates the effect of glycine on cadmium-induced alterations on the viability and activation of the cell line U-937. In this experiment, U-937 cells were pre-treated with 16 microM cadmium (as cadmium chloride). These cadmium-treated cells were later incubated with or without glycine (1-16 microM). After 72 h, it was revealed that glycine significantly (P<0.05) reduced the tendency of cadmium to reduce the viability of the cells. U-937 cells were also treated with phorbol, 12-myristate, 13-acetate to enhance their transition to the macrophage form. Thereafter, the cells were treated with cadmium with or without glycine (1-16 microM). Twenty-four hours later, the supernatants of each cell culture were assessed for the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 (IL-1), nitric oxide (NO), and catalase activity as indices of the activation of macrophages. The results show that glycine significantly (P<0.05) reduced the cadmium-induced production of all the markers of the activation of macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. The findings support the immense antioxidant role of glycine.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Niger Delta University, PMB 71, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. tebebuddy@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tebekeme
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okoko
authors.forename: Ejiro Prosper
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Awhin
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005998:Glycine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002374:Catalase; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D005998:Glycine