title: Abnormal fMRI activation pattern during story listening in individuals with Down syndrome.
abstract: Down syndrome is characterized by disproportionately severe impairments of speech and language, yet little is known about the neural underpinnings of these deficits. We compared fMRI activation patterns during passive story listening in 9 young adults with Down syndrome and 9 approximately age-matched, typically developing controls. The typically developing group exhibited greater activation than did the Down syndrome group in classical receptive language areas (superior and middle temporal gyri) for forward > backward speech; the Down syndrome group exhibited greater activation in cingulate gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobules, and precuneus for both forward speech > rest and backward speech > rest. The Down syndrome group showed almost no difference in activation patterns between the language (forward speech) and nonlanguage (backward speech) conditions.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A Reynolds
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Losin
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: O'Hare
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Sowell
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pinter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D004007:Dichotic Listening Tests; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007802:Language; D007804:Language Development; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013060:Speech; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen