title: Secondary tics or tourettism associated with a brain tumor.
abstract: Tourette syndrome is generally considered to be a genetic disorder, but symptoms mimicking Tourette syndrome can be secondary to an underlying lesion disrupting the basal ganglia circuitry. Described here is a case of secondary tics, or tourettism, in a child with a large oligodendroglioma of the right temporal lobe extending to the basal ganglia. He presented with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and stimulant-induced tic disorder at the age of 11 years, and later also had also seizures. The family history was unremarkable. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a right temporal lobe tumor extending to the basal ganglia. An alpha-[(11)C]methyl-l-tryptophan positron emission tomography scan showed asymmetric uptake in the basal ganglia and intense uptake in the tumor. He had a lesionectomy, and the histopathologic diagnosis was oligodendroglioma. Neuropsychologic testing after surgery revealed no attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology, and only minimal features of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The present case provides additional evidence supporting the role of basal ganglia circuitry in the pathophysiology of tic disorder and its comorbid states. Children who present with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and tic disorder of late onset in the absence of family history should be further investigated with neuroimaging to exclude the presence of a secondary cause.
authors.affiliation: Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Aimee F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Luat
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Behen
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juhász
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Harry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chugani
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009837:Oligodendroglioma / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D020323:Tics / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome