title: Total lateral orbitotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of performing a total lateral orbitotomy (TLO) to enhance the surgical exposure of the deep orbit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten orbits of five fresh-frozen cadaver heads were dissected to evaluate TLO surgical techniques. Through an eyelid approach, a bone flap extending from the supraorbital nerve to the infraorbital nerve was removed to enhance exposure to the orbital apex. The surgical exposure was further augmented by removing bone with the high-speed burr from the greater wing of sphenoid bone along the deep lateral wall. Anatomic landmarks that identified various compartments within the lateral wall and orbital roof were noted and measured. Five patients with posterior orbital tumors underwent TLO utilizing extended bone flaps and their surgical results and clinical outcomes were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings from this study demonstrate that the entire orbital rim from the supraorbital nerve to the infraorbital nerve may be removed without damaging critical neurovascular structures or creating a dural defect. Strategic removal of bone from the deep lateral wall can further enhance the exposure to the orbital apex. Five patients with deep orbital lesions underwent TLO with excellent surgical outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By utilizing TLO techniques in a patient with a deep orbital lesion, the modern orbital surgeon can access the orbital apex safely and predictably through an eyelid approach.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oculofacial and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA. JKim6@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Barbara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps