title: Frequency compounded imaging with a high-frequency dual element transducer.
abstract: This paper proposes a frequency compounding method to reduce speckle interferences, where a concentric annular type high-frequency dual element transducer is used to broaden the bandwidth of an imaging system. In frequency compounding methods, frequency division is carried out to obtain sub-band images containing uncorrelated speckles, which sacrifices axial resolution. Therefore, frequency compounding often deteriorates the target-detecting capability, quantified by the total signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), when the speckle's SNR (SSNR) is not improved as much as the degraded axial resolution. However, this could be avoided if the effective bandwidth required for frequency compounding is increased. The primary goal of the proposed approach, hence, is to improve SSNR by a factor of two under the condition where axial resolution is degraded by a factor of less than two, which indicates the total SNR improvement to higher than 40% compared to that of an original image. Since the method here employs a dual element transducer operating at 20 and 40MHz, the effective bandwidth necessary for frequency compounding becomes broadened. By dividing each spectrum of RF samples from both elements into two sub-bands, this method eventually enables four sets of the sub-band samples to contain uncorrelated speckles. This causes the axial resolution to be reduced by a factor of as low as 1.85, which means that this method would improve total SNR by at least 47%. An in vitro experiment on an excised pig eye was performed to validate the proposed approach, and the results showed that the SSNR was improved from 2.081+/-0.365 in the original image to 4.206+/-0.635 in the final compounding image.
authors.affiliation: NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States. jhchang@ieee.org
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hyung Ham
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jungwoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K Kirk
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Shung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005123:Eye / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013552:Swine; D014159:Transducers; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*