title: Rheumatic manifestations of endocrine diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Musculoskeletal complaints accompanying or as a result of endocrine disorders are common and have been well described. This review re-examines these associations in light of newer information on biology and genetics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this article, we describe the recent studies on pathophysiology of the muscular skeletal complaints in endocrine disease. In addition we report on population as well as genetic studies, which address the relationship between endocrine and rheumatologic disease, both of which are autoimmune.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Very often, the presentation of rheumatic manifestations is the initial presentation of endocrine disease. Being aware of the presentation as well as the unique physiology of these complaints will help alert the clinician to an early diagnosis of endocrine disease. In addition understanding whether certain endocrine disease occurs more often in rheumatologic illness will enable the clinician to investigate their occurrence early, leading to earlier intervention and resulting in decreased morbidity from these concomitant illnesses.
authors.affiliation: Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021, USA. MarkensonJ@HSS.EDU
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Markenson
mesh_terms: D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015897:Comorbidity; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology