title: Accumulation of free and covalently bound microcystins in tissues of Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda) following toxic cyanobacteria or dissolved microcystin-LR exposure.
abstract: Accumulation of free microcystins (MCs) in freshwater gastropods has been demonstrated but accumulation of MCs covalently bound to tissues has never been considered so far. Here, we follow the accumulation of total (free and bound) MCs in Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to i) dissolved MC-LR (33 and 100 microg L(-1)) and ii) Planktothrix agardhii suspensions producing 5 and 33 microg MC-LR equivalents L(-1) over a 5-week period, and after a 3-week depuration period. Snails exposed to dissolved MC-LR accumulated up to 0.26 microg total MCs g(-1) dry weight (DW), with no detection of bound MCs. Snails exposed to MCs producing P. agardhii accumulated up to 69.9 microg total MCs g(-1) DW, of which from 17.7 to 66.7% were bound. After depuration, up to 15.3 microg g(-1) DW of bound MCs were detected in snails previously exposed to toxic cyanobacteria, representing a potential source of MCs transfer through the food web.
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS Ecobio 6553, University of Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 265 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France. emilie.lance@live.fr
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lance
authors.forename: Milla-Riina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Neffling
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gérard
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meriluoto
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bormans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D012908:Snails / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; C057862:cyanoginosin LR