title: Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside reduces the cognitive impairment and overexpression of amyloid precursor protein induced by aluminum exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Excessive aluminum (Al) exposure impairs neurocognitive function in humans and animals. Epidemiologic studies have shown a potential linkage between chronic Al exposure and Alzheimer's disease. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG), the extract from herbal medicine Polygoni Multiflori, on cognitive impairment and the over-expression of hippocampal amyloid precursor protein (APP) induced by chronic exposure to Al in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were treated with 0.3% aluminum chloride (AlCl3) prepared in the drinking water for 90 d. AlCl3-treated animals were then randomly assigned to receive vehicle, TSG (4 g/kg), or Vitamin E (VE; 40 mg/kg) treatment for 5 months. VE served as a positive control. The effect of TSG was evaluated by passive avoidance task, and APP expression was evaluated by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following exposure to AlCl3 for 90 d, animals displayed a striking decrease (> 80%) in step-through latency in the passive avoidance task and a significant increase in the expression of APP in the hippocampus. Both TSG and VE significantly ameliorated the performance impairment in the passive avoidance task, and suppressed the over-expression of APP. Moreover, the effects of TSG, but not of VE, were in a time-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TSG may possess therapeutic effects against Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jin-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiang-Qun
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xue-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Qi-Dong
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D002712:Chlorides; D005960:Glucosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D013267:Stilbenes; D014815:Vitamins; C093026:2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-glucopyranoside; D014810:Vitamin E; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride