title: Molecular intraspecific characterization of Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae strains affecting cultured marine fish.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyse the intraspecific variability of Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae strains isolated from different cultured marine fish species using molecular typing methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty P. damselae ssp. damselae strains isolated from marine fish species were used in this study. Phenotypic characterization of the strains was carried out using standard microbiological methods. Genetic characterization was conducted using three PCR-based methods [random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) and repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (REP-PCR)]. Dice coefficient and the unweighted pair group method with average linkage were used for numerical analyses of banding patterns. At phenotypic level, the strains analysed showed seven different profiles, which could not be related to the host fish species, geographic area or outbreak of disease. Isolates were grouped into nine and eight clusters using the RAPD technique with primers 5 and 4, respectively. In both cases, the main cluster grouped 45% of strains. The techniques ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR were more discriminatory, both resulting in 14 different clusters, which grouped 15-20% of the isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the techniques tested are confirmed as good tools for molecular typing, because they allow discrimination between P. damselae ssp. damselae strains isolated within the same outbreak. In addition, ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR methods were more adequate for rapid typing of P. damselae ssp. damselae than RAPD, allowing the discrimination at strain level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results, in agreement with previous studies, confirmed the high intraspecific variability among isolated P. damselae ssp. damselae strains at both phenotypic and genetic levels. This suggests the existence of different clonal lineages that coexist in the same geographic area, within a short period of time (2-3 years). The discrimination at strain level can be useful to study the traceability of infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Labella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manchado
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Romalde
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Borrego
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005399:Fishes / Q000382:microbiology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010641:Phenotype; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial