Prognostic characteristics of heart rate recovery according to sex in patients with heart failure.
We hypothesized that heart rate recovery (HRR) will provide superior prognostic resolution in female compared to male heart failure (HF) patients. A total of 745 patients with HF underwent exercise testing to determine HRR. While receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed HRR prognostic classification schemes were significant for both males (area: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.67-0.78, p<0.001) and females (area: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75-0.89, p<0.001), it was stronger in the latter group. The prognostic strength of HRR may be superior in female HF patients. This discrepancy may be driven by the ability of HRR to better reflect autonomic function in females.
Arena
Ross
R
Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA. Electronic address: raarena@vcu.edu.
Myers
Jonathan
J
VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Cardiology Division, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Abella
Joshua
J
VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Cardiology Division, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Pinkstaff
Sherry
S
Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Peberdy
Mary Ann
MA
Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Bensimhon
Daniel
D
LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Chase
Paul
P
LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Guazzi
Marco
M
University of Milano, San Paolo Hospital, Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Milano, Italy.
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics