title: Beta-cell autoantibodies and their function in Taiwanese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the importance of autoimmunity in the development of type 1 diabetes in Taiwanese children, we evaluated the presence of beta-cell autoantibodies and their correlation with residual beta-cell function.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1989 to 2006, 157 Taiwanese children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes were enrolled in this study. We determined the presence of beta-cell autoantibodies, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADAs), insulinoma antigen 2 autoantibodies (IA-2As), and insulin autoantibodies (IAAs). A 6-minute glucagon test was also performed at diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At diagnosis, 73% of children tested positive for GADAs, 76% for IA-2As and 21% for IAAs. Ninety-two percent of them had at least one of the beta-cell autoantibodies detected. Positivity for IAAs was more frequent in patients younger than 5 years than in those older than 5 years (45% vs. 13%). Using multiple regression analysis, the presence of GADAs or IAAs, or age of onset of these patients was an independent factor for residual beta-cell function. Younger patients and those with GADAs had less residual beta-cell function at disease onset, whereas those with IAAs had more insulin reserve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autoimmunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in Taiwanese children, and the presence of IAAs tends to be more common in younger children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Mei-Huei
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Cheng-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wen-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies