title: Do older pedestrians have enough time to cross roads in Dublin? A critique of the Traffic Management Guidelines based on clinical research findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  the safety of older pedestrians at urban intersections is a matter of gerontological concern. Many older pedestrians report inability to complete crossings in the time given by pedestrian lights. Standard times for pedestrian lights in Dublin pelican crossings are specified in the Traffic Management Guidelines (TMG). The Technology Research for Independent Living Centre is building a database of gait assessments of Irish community-dwelling older people using GAITRite.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to compare the usual walking speed of our participants against that required by the TMG.
  
  
  METHODS
  cross-sectional observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  comprehensive geriatric assessment outpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  355 community-dwelling older subjects aged > or =60 assessed between August 2007 and September 2008 (mean age 72.7, SD 7.2).
  
  
  METHODS
  linear regression analysis between age and observed walking speed, followed by comparison of predicted walking speeds at four different ages (i.e. 60, 70, 80 and 89) against minimum walking speeds required to cross standard Irish roads when regulated by the pelican system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  age and walking speed had a strong inverse correlation F (1, 353) = 108.48, P < 0.001, R(2) = 0.235. The regression predicted a walking speed of 1.30 m/s (95% confidence interval 1.24-1.35) at the age of 60, 1.10 (1.07-1.13) at 70, 0.91 (0.87-0.94) at 80 and 0.73 (0.66-0.80) at 89. Against these predicted walking speeds, standard crossing times appeared insufficient for very old people.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  as currently defined in the TMG, maximum pedestrian crossing times at pelican crossings may represent a hazard for very old people. This should be addressed within the Irish authorities' plan to improve safety and equality for older people.
authors.affiliation: TRIL Clinic, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. rortuno@stjames.ie
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero-Ortuno
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cogan
authors.forename: Clodagh U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Rose Anne
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kenny
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D002958:City Planning; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking