title: Pathophysiological aspects of lower limb oedema in patients with proximal femoral fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the changes in Starling components, regulating the transcapillary fluid transport, in patients with proximal femoral fractures (PFF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with proximal femoral fracture were classified into femoral column fracture (FCF) and pertrochanteric fracture (PTF) groups. The following measurements were made in both groups of patients on the 7th post-operative day: colloid osmotic pressure of plasma and subcutaneous interstitial fluid (COP(pl) and COP(if)), capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) and interstitial fluid pressure (P(if)) in the anterior muscle compartment of the leg and calf muscle blood flow, in both lower extremities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The transcapillary colloid osmotic gradient was significantly reduced (p<0.02) in patients with PTF, and they also showed a significant increase in CFC values (p=0.038). Moreover, P(if) was elevated (1.9 mmHg, SD 2.1, p=0.01) and calf muscle blood flow was significantly higher (p=0.02), than in the contralateral limb in patients with PTF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transcapillary colloid osmotic gradient is significantly reduced in patients with PTF. This may partly explain why patients with PTF develop more oedema in the lower limb than those with FCF. CFC and calf blood flow are also significantly increased in the fractured limb, which allows increased transcapillary filtration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Diagnosis and Research, Oslo Vascular Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Trondheimsveien 235, Oslo, Norway. s.s.h.kazmi@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Syed Sajid
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hussain Kazmi
authors.forename: Einar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stranden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001768:Blister / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D002196:Capillaries / Q000503:physiopathology; D003102:Colloids; D004487:Edema / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids