title: Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among 13- to 15-year-old school children of an area known for endemic fluorosis: Nalgonda district of Andhra Pradesh.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to assess dental fluorosis and to compare fluorosis in incisor teeth among 13- to 15-year-old school children of Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted. A total of 1000 school children aged 13 to 15 years were selected by stratified cluster sampling from 4 different areas with different levels of naturally occurring fluoride in drinking water. Fluorosis was recorded using TF index (TFI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of fluorosis (TFI score, > or = 1) was 100% at all the 4 different fluoride levels. The prevalence and severity increased with increased fluoride levels in drinking water. Prevalence and severity of fluorosis did not show any significant variation between maxillary and mandibular incisor teeth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high prevalence of mild-to-moderate fluorosis in Nalgonda district, even in areas with optimal fluoride levels in water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sudhir
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Prashant
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Subba Reddy
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mohandas
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Chandu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008437:Maxilla; D015995:Prevalence; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005459:Fluorides