title: Physician and pharmacist collaboration to improve blood pressure control.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have demonstrated that blood pressure (BP) control can be improved when clinical pharmacists assist with patient management. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a physician and pharmacist collaborative model in community-based medical offices could improve BP control.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, cluster randomized, controlled clinical trial with clinics randomized to a control group (n = 3) or to an intervention group (n = 3). The study enrolled 402 patients (mean age, 58.3 years) with uncontrolled hypertension. Clinical pharmacists made drug therapy recommendations to physicians based on national guidelines. Research nurses performed BP measurements and 24-hour BP monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) guideline adherence scores increased from 49.4 (19.3) at baseline to 53.4 (18.1) at 6 months (8.1% increase) in the control group and from 40.4 (22.6) at baseline to 62.8 (13.5) at 6 months (55.4% increase) in the intervention group (P = .09 for adjusted between-group comparison). The mean BP decreased 6.8/4.5 mm Hg in the control group and 20.7/9.7 mm Hg in the intervention group (P < .05 for between-group systolic BP comparison). The adjusted difference in systolic BP was -12.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], -24.0 to 0.0) mm Hg, while the adjusted difference in diastolic BP was -1.8 (95% CI, -11.9 to 8.3) mm Hg. The 24-hour BP levels showed similar effect sizes. Blood pressure was controlled in 29.9% of patients in the control group and in 63.9% of patients in the intervention group (adjusted odds ratio, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.0-5.1; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A physician and pharmacist collaborative intervention achieved significantly better mean BP and overall BP control rates compared with a control group. Additional research should be conducted to evaluate efficient strategies to implement team-based chronic disease management.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00201019.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Room 527, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. barry-carter@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Barry L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ardery
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bergus
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Doucette
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Chrischilles
authors.forename: Carrie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Franciscus
authors.forename: Yinghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D007484:Iowa; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010595:Pharmacists; D010820:Physicians; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents