title: The association between adolescents' beliefs in a just world and their attitudes to victims of bullying.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research which has investigated children's attitudes to bullying has found that the majority of children display anti-bullying attitudes. However, a small minority of children do appear to admire the bully and lack sympathy for victims of bullying. The just world belief theory has received a great deal of attention in recent years with evidence emerging in support of a two-dimensional model distinguishing between beliefs in a just world (BJW) for self and BJW for others. BJW-self (and not BJW-others) has been found to uniquely predict psychological well-being, whereas BJW-others (and not BJW-self) uniquely predicts harsh social attitudes and derogation of victims.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to measure BJW-self and others in a sample of UK secondary schoolchildren and to see whether BJW-others can account for adolescents' negative attitudes towards victims of bullying.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 346 pupils aged 11-16 years of age (270 males, 76 females) from two schools took part in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants completed measures of BJW-self and others, attitudes to victims of bullying, empathy, and self-esteem on a whole class basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that BJW-others uniquely predicted adolescents' attitudes to victims but in the opposite direction to that which was predicted - high BJW were associated with stronger anti-bullying attitudes. As predicted, BJW-self (but not BJW-others) was positively and uniquely correlated with self-esteem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings are discussed in the context of research which has found that the direction of the relationship between BJW-others and derogation of victims appears to depend on the nature of the injustice, with people with strong BJW less tolerant of severe injustices.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Keele, UK. c.fox@psy.keele.ac.uk
authors.forename: Claire L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gater
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology*; D003469:Culture; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018187:Personal Construct Theory; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011287:Prejudice; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012935:Social Justice