Effects of inhaled therapy on biomarkers of systemic inflammation in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) airways inflammation is associated in more advanced stages with systemic inflammation. COPD-associated systemic inflammation syndrome is defined currently with rather non-specific biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) but there are also other 'organ-specific' biomarkers such as surfactant protein-D which are still not well characterized but might represent more appropriate and reliable alternatives to the non-specific biomarkers. Inhaled therapies are the mainstay in stable COPD and they were demonstrated to reduce airway inflammation and more recently in the case of inhaled corticosteroids alone or combined with long-acting beta-2 agonists to reduce systemic inflammation as well. This paper focuses on current and potential biomarkers of systemic inflammation in COPD and on the systemic anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled therapies in stable COPD.
Antoniu
Sabina A
SA
Gr.T.Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Division of Pulmonary Disease, Iasi, Romania. sabina.antonela.antoniu@pneum.umfiasi.ro
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000378:metabolism*; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000187:drug effects; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014598:Uteroglobin / Q000378:metabolism
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D015415:Biomarkers; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D015850:Interleukin-6; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; C556389:SCGB1A1 protein, human; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D014598:Uteroglobin; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide