title: Does pre-hospital telephone communication with a clinician result in more appropriate medication administration by parents during childhood asthma exacerbations?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute asthma guidelines recommend that parents communicate with a clinician during childhood asthma exacerbations when symptoms worsen or do not improve with initial therapy. This study tested the hypothesis that communication by parents with a clinician before an Emergency Department visit was associated with more appropriate medication administration for children with asthma exacerbations.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cohort study using data gathered from parents of children presenting with an asthma exacerbation to the emergency department. The communicating cohort included parents who communicated by telephone with a clinician during the exacerbation and the non-communicating cohort included parents who did not. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test three hypotheses; communication with a clinician is associated with (1) administration of short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs), (2) increased dosing frequency of SABAs, and (3) administration of an oral corticosteroid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 199 subjects were enrolled, with 104 (52.3%) in the communicating and 95 (47.7%) in the non-communicating cohort. There was an association between communication and provider practice type, with children who received routine care from a private practice provider more likely to communicate with the clinician than children in hospital-based clinics or community health centers (Adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.7). Impoverished children and children insured by Medicaid were less likely to communicate with a clinician (controlling for provider type). Parents who communicated with a clinician were more likely to administer a SABA (adjusted OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.3-9.4) and an oral corticosteroid (adjusted OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.3-8.4) but were not more likely to administer a SABA with increased dosing frequency (adjusted OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.5-1.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents of children with asthma exacerbations who communicated with clinicians were more likely to administer SABAs and an oral corticosteroid before bringing their child to an emergency department. Frequency of SABA dosing was not associated with communication. Clinicians providing telephone advice to parents need to provide explicit instructions about medication administration, emphasizing the frequency with which SABAs should be administered.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, 71 Vassar Avenue, Providence, RI 02906, USA. agarro@cox.net
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Garro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fearon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koinis-Mitchell
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: McQuaid
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007223:Infant; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013689:Telephone
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists