title: Tonsillar size in 2- to 14-year-old children with and without snoring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few investigations have assessed tonsillar size in children of variable age, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) status and degree of adiposity. This study evaluated the size of tonsils in young and older, lean and obese children, without or with snoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children attending the Emergency Department or Pulmonology Clinic were recruited and tonsillar size was scored 1-4. Snoring >or=1 night/week was considered diagnostic of SDB and body mass index z-score >or=1.645 was defined as obesity. Age was analyzed as dichotomous variable (<or=7 years old vs. >7 years old).
  
  
  RESULTS
  362 children (2-14 years old) were recruited; 78 (21.5%) were obese and 108 (29.8%) had SDB. SDB-but not age or obesity-was significantly related to tonsillar size (P = 0.001). There was not enough evidence to support the presence of interactions between SDB and age or obesity regarding the size of tonsils (P = 0.157 and P = 0.978, respectively). Young subjects without SDB had larger tonsils than older subjects without SDB (1.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.8; P = 0.017), whereas age did not affect tonsillar size in children with SDB (P = 0.78).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young and older children with SDB have similar tonsillar size. In contrast, older subjects without snoring have smaller tonsils than young subjects without snoring. Tonsillar enlargement in children with SDB probably occurs in early childhood without change in older age.
authors.affiliation: First University Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece. kaditia@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Athanasios G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kaditis
authors.forename: Loukia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lianou
authors.forename: Souzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatzinikolaou
authors.forename: Efthimia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalampouka
authors.forename: Polytimi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gartagani-Panayiotopoulou
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zintzaras
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chrousos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D009929:Organ Size; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000209:etiology*