title: Upregulation of immunoglobulin-related genes in cortical sections from multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Microarray-based global gene expression profiling is a promising method, used to study potential genes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the present study, we have examined global gene expression in normal-appearing gray matter and gray matter lesions from the cortex of MS patients, and compared them with cortical gray matter samples from controls. We observed a massive upregulation of immunoglobulin (Ig)-related genes in cortical sections of MS patients. Using immunohistochemistry, the activation of Ig genes seems to occur within plasma cells in the meninges. As synthesis of oligoclonal IgGs has been hypothesized to be caused by the activation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B-cells, we screened the brain samples for the presence of EBV by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, but no evidence of active or latent EBV infection was detected. This study demonstrates that genes involved in the synthesis of Igs are upregulated in MS patients and that this activation is caused by a small number of meningeal plasma cells that are not infected by EBV. The findings indicate that the Ig-producing B-cells found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients could have meningeal origin.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. oivind.torkildsen@gmail.com
authors.forename: Øivind
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Torkildsen
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stansberg
authors.forename: Solveig M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Angelskår
authors.forename: Evert-Jan
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kooi
authors.forename: Jeroen J G
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Valk
authors.forename: Kjell-Morten
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Myhr
authors.forename: Vidar M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bø
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation