title: Microbial production of conjugated gamma-linolenic acid from gamma-linolenic acid by Lactobacillus plantarum AKU 1009a.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optimal production conditions of conjugated gamma-linolenic acid (CGLA) from gamma-linolenic acid using washed cells of Lactobacillus plantarum AKU 1009a as catalysts were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Washed cells of Lact. plantarum AKU 1009a exhibiting a high level of CGLA productivity were obtained by cultivation in a nutrient medium supplemented with 0.03% (w/v) alpha-linolenic acid as an inducer. Under the optimal reaction conditions with 13 mg ml(-1)gamma-linolenic acid as a substrate in 5 -ml reaction volume, the washed cells [32% (wet cells, w/v) corresponding to 46 mg ml(-1) dry cells] as the catalysts produced 8.8 mg CGLA per millilitre reaction mixture (68% molar yield) in 27 h. The produced CGLA was a mixture of two isomers, i.e., cis-6,cis-9,trans-11-octadecatrienoic acid (CGLA1, 40% of total CGLA) and cis-6,trans-9,trans-11-octadecatrienoic acid (CGLA2, 60% of total CGLA), and accounted for 66% of total fatty acid obtained. The CGLA produced was obtained as free fatty acids adsorbed mostly on the surface of the cells of Lact. plantarum AKU1009a.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The practical process of CGLA production from gamma-linolenic acid using washed cells of Lact. plantarum AKU 1009a was successfully established.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We presented the first example of microbial production of CGLA. CGLA produced by the process is valuable for evaluating their physiological and nutritional effects, and chemical characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Sciences, Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishino
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokozeki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D003470:Culture Media; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid