title: Salivary hormonal responses to different water-based exercise protocols in young and elderly men.
abstract: Although adaptations to water-based resistance exercise and conventional water-based exercise have been investigated, little is known regarding acute anabolic and catabolic hormonal responses to these 2 types of exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute responses of salivary testosterone and cortisol to 2 water-based exercise protocols in which the different intensities were determined using Borg's perceived exertion scale. Ten young (24 +/- 2.7 yr) and 7 elderly men (65 +/- 5.5 yr) who were familiar with exercise in water were subjects of the study. Salivary samples were collected at rest and 5 minutes after the 2 water-based exercise protocols. One session involved intermittent water resistance training at a Borg-scale intensity of 19 (W19), whereas the other involved continuous water aerobic training at an intensity of 13 (W13). The samples were used to determine salivary levels of free testosterone and cortisol. There was a significant increase on salivary testosterone in both groups after the W19 protocol (p < 0.05), but no such alteration was observed after W13. The testosterone response to the W19 protocol was significantly higher in young than in elderly men (p < 0.05). Although no modification on salivary cortisol was observed after either protocol, in young men, the cortisol response to W19 was higher than in elderly men (p < 0.05). Water-based exercise with emphasis on strength development was found to stimulate a more acute increase on salivary testosterone than water-based aerobic exercise, probably as a result of the higher intensity used in that training protocol. Given the known relationship between acute hormonal responses and chronic neuromuscular adaptations, the testosterone response after W19 should be considered when prescribing water-based exercise, especially to older populations.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. edcadore@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Eduardo L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Cadore
authors.forename: Francisco L R
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Lhullier
authors.forename: Cristine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Alberton
authors.forename: Ana Paula V
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Katiuce B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Sapata
authors.forename: André L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Korzenowski
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando M
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kruel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D013551:Swimming Pools; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone