title: Studies on the immune response and preparation of antibodies against a large panel of conjugated neurotransmitters and biogenic amines: specific polyclonal antibody response and tolerance.
abstract: We described the production and characterization of antibodies against three important groups of neuro-active haptens, e.g., neurotransmitters and biogenic amines. First, from the tryptophane metabolic pathway: tryptamine, serotonin, 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid, and melatonin. Secondly, the tyrosine metabolic pathway: tyramine, dopamine, dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and norepinephrine. Thirdly, antibodies against excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters: glycine, glutamate, glutamine, and GABA. Immunogenic conjugates were prepared after linking haptens to carrier proteins. Most antibodies displayed high specificity against corresponding neuro-active haptens conjugated in vitro and in situ in biological specimens, but not to closely related conjugated metabolites, precursors, pharmaceuticals, agonists, antagonists, or free neuro-active haptens. Conjugated norepinephrine was highly tolerant in different animal species and produced incidentally a short specific antibody response.
authors.affiliation: Department for Research and Development, Pharmasan Labs Inc., Osceola, Wisconsin 54020, USA.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huisman
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wynveen
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Setter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000502:physiology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006241:Haptens / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001679:Biogenic Amines; D006241:Haptens; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents