title: Early growth of nano-sized calcium phosphate on phosphorylated bacterial cellulose nanofibers.
abstract: It is believed that studies on the early hydroxyapatite (HAp) deposition on nano-sized substrates may possibly allow us to understand the formation mechanisms of biominerals at the molecular level. In this study, bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers were phosphorylated and used as nano-sized templates for early mineralization of calcium phosphate (Ca-P). To initiate mineralization the BC nanofibers were immersed in 1.5 times simulated body fluids (1.5 SBF) at 37 degreees C for varying periods of time. The deposited minerals on the nanofiber surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM observations confirmed that early growth (at 4 h) of the Ca-P minerals was heterogeneous, which was followed by extensive spread of the minerals on the entire surfaces of the nanofibers. XRD and FTIR analyses indicated that octacalcium phosphate (OCP) was the precursor of HAp formed on BC nanofibers. Furthermore, HAp deposited on BC nanofibers elongated along the c axis. Nucleation and growth of the Ca-P minerals were analyzed in this paper.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
authors.forename: Y Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D041822:Gluconacetobacter xylinus / Q000378:metabolism*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D010766:Phosphorylation; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D002482:Cellulose; C020243:calcium phosphate