title: Intratympanic steroids for inner ear disorders: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of intratympanic steroids (ITS) has proliferated over the past 10-15 years to include treatments for inner ear disorders, like Ménière's Disease (MD) and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). The aim of this study was to review the clinical trials of ITS for inner ear disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed and Ovid Medline databases were searched from 1966 to present for clinical trials on ITS in the treatment of MD and SSNHL. Studies were evaluated based on comparability and internal and external validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight studies were identified in total, 13 studies on MD and 25 studies on SSNHL. Most studies lacked placebo controls. Only 3 studies were double-blinded randomized prospective trials. Overall, there were heterogeneous steroid doses, treatment protocols, previous treatments, and definitions of disease and improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are no good studies on ITS that meet the criteria of comparability, internal validity, and external validity. It is difficult to compare studies due to the heterogeneous nature of the data. More rigorously designed studies are required to determine the efficacy of this treatment, the optimal steroid to use, and the best treatment regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Lorne S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Parnes
mesh_terms: D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007759:Labyrinth Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids