title: Imaging of gadolinium spatial distribution in tumor tissue by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was utilized in postmortem imaging of gadolinium (Gd) spatial distribution in a mouse tumor model postadministration of PEGylated Gd liposomal nanoparticles.
  
  
  METHODS
  PEGylated liposomal nanoparticles were formulated using a paramagnetic lipid incorporating Gd, in addition to a fluorescent lipid, and injected intravenously into Balb/C nude mice bearing IGROV-1 tumors. At postinjection (2 h), the tumors and selective organs were imaged by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and, after excision, by histology and LA-ICP-MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of Gd within tumor tissue was confirmed by LA-ICP-MS and when correlated to histology was found to be prevalent in regions of higher vascularity. The presence of Gd in the kidneys was also confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated, in a novel manner, the use of LA-ICP-MS for the spatial detection of Gd in tumor tissue. LA-ICP-MS is valuable in providing spatio-specific information of MRI contrast agents and more importantly Gd in tumor tissue.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Sciences Department, Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Center, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK.
authors.forename: Nazila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamaly
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: Tammy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Kalber
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bunch
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Cameron W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: Jimmy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005682:Gadolinium