Protective effects of sodium para-amino salicylate on manganese-induced neuronal death: the involvement of reactive oxygen species.
OBJECTIVE
This study tested whether sodium para-amino salicylic dihydrate, an antibacterial drug for tuberculosis, could block manganese-induced apoptosis in SK-N-MC neurons.


METHODS
Cell viability, Hoechst staining, dichlorofluorescin diacetate analysis for reactive oxygen species measurement, and immunoblotting were performed.


RESULTS
In vitro, manganese chloride significantly decreased the viability of SK-N-MC cells, accompanied by apoptotic features such as changes in nuclear morphology. Sodium para-amino salicylic dihydrate inhibited these apoptotic characteristics through reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, protecting mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 activation.


CONCLUSIONS
Sodium para-amino salicylic dihydrate inhibits manganese-induced apoptosis in neurons and may reduce manganese-mediated neurodegeneration.
Yoon
Hyonok
H
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea.
Kim
Do-Sung
DS
Lee
Geum-Hwa
GH
Kim
Ji Ye
JY
Kim
Diana H
DH
Kim
Kee-Won
KW
Chae
Soo-Wan
SW
You
Wan-Hee
WH
Lee
Yong Chul
YC
Park
Seoung Ju
SJ
Kim
Hyung-Ryong
HR
Chae
Han-Jung
HJ
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008345:Manganese / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012980:Sodium Salicylate / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008345:Manganese; D053148:Caspase 3; D012980:Sodium Salicylate