title: Relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and plasma glucose and lipid levels in pediatric outpatients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationships between serum vitamin D levels and plasma glucose or lipid levels in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective record review of pediatric outpatients (age, 2-18 years) with simultaneous measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) and fasting plasma glucose (n = 302) or 25(OH) D and a lipid panel (n = 177). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to estimate the correlation between 25(OH) D and logarithmic transformed plasma glucose or lipid levels. Plasma glucose and lipid levels were compared in subjects with 25(OH) D concentrations greater or less than 30 ng/mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  25(OH) D levels were inversely correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels (r = -0.20, P < .001). Lower 25(OH) D levels were also associated with lower serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) concentrations (r = 0.41; P < or = .001). The relationship between 25(OH) D levels and fasting glucose and HDL levels did not vary significantly with sex, age, body mass index z-score, or season. Children who were vitamin D insufficient (25[OH] D < or =30 ng/mL) had higher fasting plasma glucose (P = .002) and lower HDL levels (P < .001) than children who were vitamin D sufficient (25[OH] D >30 ng/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low 25(OH) D levels in children and adolescents are associated with higher plasma glucose and lower HDL concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Nicole S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Nader
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Ravinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; C030104:lipoprotein cholesterol; D014807:Vitamin D; D002784:Cholesterol; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D