title: A randomized, dose-response study of sugammadex given for the reversal of deep rocuronium- or vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade under sevoflurane anesthesia.
abstract: Sugammadex is the first of a new class of selective muscle relaxant binding drugs developed for the rapid and complete reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium and vecuronium. Many studies have demonstrated a dose-response relationship with sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular blockade in patients induced and maintained under propofol anesthesia. However, sevoflurane anesthesia, unlike propofol, can prolong the effect of neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) such as rocuronium and vecuronium.
  
  
  
  We designed this randomized, open-label, dose-response trial to explore the dose-response relationship of sugammadex for the reversal of deep neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium or vecuronium under propofol-induced and sevoflurane-maintained anesthesia. As a secondary objective, the safety variables of sugammadex were evaluated. After anesthesia induction with propofol, 102 patients aged > or = 20 and < 65 yr were randomized to receive a single bolus dose of rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg (n = 50) or vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg (n = 52), followed by maintenance doses (rocuronium 0.1-0.2 mg/kg or vecuronium 0.02-0.03 mg/kg) as needed. Neuromuscular blockade was monitored using acceleromyography. After the last dose of NMBD, at 1-2 posttetanic counts, a single bolus dose of sugammadex 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 mg/kg was administered. The primary efficacy variable was time from start of sugammadex administration to recovery of the T(4)/T(1) ratio to 0.9.
  
  
  
  The per-protocol population consisted of 48 patients in the rocuronium group and 47 in the vecuronium group. A dose-response effect was demonstrated for decreased mean time to recovery of the T(4)/T(1) ratio to 0.9 with increasing sugammadex dose in both NMBD groups (per-protocol population): rocuronium group, 79.8 (SD 33.0) min (sugammadex 0.5 mg/kg) to 1.7 (0.7) min (4.0 mg/kg) and 1.1 (0.3) min (8.0 mg/kg subgroup); vecuronium group, 68.4 (31.9) min (0.5 mg/kg) to 3.3 (3.5) min (4.0 mg/kg), and 1.7 (0.8) min (8.0 mg/kg subgroup). Neuromuscular monitoring showed recurrent neuromuscular blockade in 5 patients, all in the rocuronium group (2 given sugammadex 0.5 mg/kg and 3 given 1.0 mg/kg), but there were no clinical events attributable to recurrent or residual neuromuscular blockade.
  
  
  
  Sugammadex at doses of > or = 4 mg/kg provides rapid reversal of deep rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade under sevoflurane maintenance anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France. philippe.duvaldestin@hmn.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duvaldestin
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuizenga
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saldien
authors.forename: Casper
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Claudius
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Servin
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Debaene
authors.forename: Marten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heeringa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000732:Androstanols / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000077123:Rocuronium; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077122:Sugammadex; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D055815:Young Adult; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; D000077122:Sugammadex; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide; D000077123:Rocuronium