title: Fear of falling, fall-related self-efficacy, anxiety and depression in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the risk and frequency of falls, prevalence of fear of falling and activity avoidance, the magnitude of fall-related self-efficacy, and anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study in patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who visited a lung clinic at a university hospital in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Successive inclusion from autumn 2005 to spring 2006 of 80 patients with a mean age of 65 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire about fall history and consequences of fall, The Falls Efficacy Scale, Swedish version, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients (25%) reported at least one fall in the last year and 29% displayed fear of falling. Odds ratio for falling was 4-5 times higher in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Older patients, women and patients with previous falls had a higher rate of fear of falling, and those with fear of falling had lower fall-related self-efficacy, increased level of anxiety and depression, more activity avoidance and use of assistive device.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased risk of falls in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease warrants attention in order to reduce serious and adverse health consequences of falls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Section of Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. karin.hellstrom@neuro.uu.se
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vahlberg
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Urell
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emtner
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012656:Self-Help Devices / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index