title: Thyroid hormone effect on human mitochondria measured by flow cytometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitochondrial function may be impaired in a number of diseases including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and endocrine disorders. Therefore it is important to be able to measure mitochondrial function in human cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate a method to measure mitochondrial function in human derived cells, which also would reflect regulation by thyroid hormones.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MDA-MB-231 cell line (a human breast cancer cell line) was incubated with bioactive iodothyronines (T(4), 3'-3, 5-T(3), 3, 5-T(2)) 50 nmol/l for 3 h. Mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMP) were measured by a flow cytometer after staining with Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM). Also, the effect of TRIAC (a stimulator of thyroid hormone nuclear receptors) and L-Carnitine (an inhibitor of thyroid hormone passage into the nucleus) was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was possible to measure mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in human derived cells and to examine thyroid hormone effects using flow cytometry. Bioactive iodothyronines increased mitochondrial membrane potential. TRIAC had no effect and L-Carnitine only inhibited T(4) stimulation of membrane potential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flow cytometry may be a valuable method for examining and testing mitochondrial function in human cells. Our findings demonstrate increase of mitochondrial membrane potential and an extra nuclear short time effect of 3, 5-T(2) on mitochondrial activity.
authors.affiliation: The Mitochondrial Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry Department of Clinical Pathology, Naestved Sygehus, Naestved, Denmark. jkve@regionsjaelland.dk
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kvetny
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bomholt
authors.forename: Palle
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Line
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilms
authors.forename: Stine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anthonsen
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004952:Esters / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013970:Thyronines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D013970:Thyronines