title: Endodermal origin of bladder trigone inferred from mesenchymal-epithelial interaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the classic view of bladder development the trigone originates from the mesoderm derived wolffian ducts while the remainder of the bladder originates from the endoderm derived urogenital sinus. Recent molecular developmental studies have questioned the veracity of this received wisdom, suggesting an endodermal origin for the trigone. To shed further light on this issue we observed mesenchymal-epithelial interactions between trigone epithelium and fetal urogenital sinus mesenchyma to infer the trigonal germ layer of origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse trigone epithelium was recombined with fetal rat urogenital sinus mesenchyma in tissue recombinant grafts that were placed beneath the renal capsule of athymic mouse hosts. Grafts were harvested at 4 weeks. Control grafts with bladder dome and ureteral epithelium were also examined. Tissues were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin, and Hoechst dye 33258 to confirm cell species origin. Immunohistochemistry was done with androgen receptor, broad spectrum uroplakin, dorsolateral prostate secretions and seminal vesicle secretions to differentiate prostatic and seminal vesicle differentiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grafts of mouse trigone epithelium with fetal rat urogenital sinus mesenchyma yielded epithelial tissue that stained for dorsolateral prostate secretions but not for seminal vesicle secretions. Control grafts of bladder dome epithelium yielded the expected endodermal prostate differentiation. Control grafts of ureteral epithelium yielded the expected mesodermal seminal vesicle differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consistent finding of prostatic epithelium in tissue recombinants of trigone epithelium and fetal urogenital sinus mesenchyma reinforces the hypothesis that the trigone is derived from the endoderm and not from the mesoderm, as commonly accepted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Monroe Carell, Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-9820, USA. stacy.tanaka@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Stacy T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Romano T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Demarco
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: Simon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hayward
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004707:Endoderm / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000196:embryology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation