title: Application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction for the determination of quinolones in swine muscle by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection.
abstract: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) are two simple and low-cost sample preparation methods for liquid samples. In this work, these two methods were applied to solid tissue sample for the determination of seven quinolones by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). After the homogenization of the swine muscle with acetonitrile and salt-promoted partitioning, small amounts of the extract were used for the DLLME and DMSPE methods. In the DLLME approach, the target analytes in the extraction solvent were rapidly extracted into a small volume of dichloromethane for drying and the residue was reconstituted for HPLC-DAD analysis. In the DMSPE approach, the target analytes in the extraction solvent were trapped by dispersive silica-based PSA (primary and secondary amine) sorbents and desorbed into a small amount of desorption solution for HPLC-DAD analysis. Under the optimal conditions, relative recoveries were determined for swine muscle spiked 50-200 microg kg(-1) and quantification was achieved by matrix-matched calibration. The calibration curves of seven quinolones showed linearity with a correlation coefficient value above 0.998 for both approaches. Relative recoveries ranged from 93.0 to 104.7% and from 95.5 to 111.0% for DLLME and DMSPE, respectively. Limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 5.6 to 23.8 microg kg(-1) and from 7.5 to 26.3 microg kg(-1) for DLLME and DMSPE, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science & Technology, No. 1 Hseuh-Fu Road, Nei-Pu, 91201 Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Hsien
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hung-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Ho-Hsien
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Joh-Jong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hwi-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shou-Hsun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Tzou-Chi
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015363:Quinolones; D012997:Solvents