title: The contribution of Toll-like receptor 2 to the innate recognition of a Leishmania infantum silent information regulator 2 protein.
abstract: We have characterized a Leishmania protein belonging to the silent information regulator 2 (SIR2) family [SIR2 related protein 1 (SIR2RP1)] that might play an immunoregulatory role during infection through its capacity to trigger B-cell effector functions. We report here that SIR2RP1 leads to the proliferation of activated B cells, causing increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II and the costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86, which are critical ligands for T-cell cross-talk during the development of adaptive immune responses. In contrast, B cells isolated from Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) knockout mice were unable to respond to the SIR2RP1 stimulus. Similarly, SIR2RP1 induced the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in a TLR2-dependent manner with the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] and enhanced the costimulatory properties of DCs. Nevertheless, immunization assays demonstrated that TLR2-deficient mice were able to mount a specific humoral response to SIR2RP1. Interestingly, further investigations showed that macrophages were activated by SIR2RP1 even in the absence of TLR2. Therefore, a different type of interplay between SIR2RP1 and the major antigen-presenting cells in vivo could explain the immune response observed in TLR2-deficient mice. Together, these results demonstrate that TLR2 signalling contributes to SIR2RP1 recognition by innate immune host cells.
authors.affiliation: Parasite Disease Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silvestre
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Anabela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cordeiro-da-Silva
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouaissi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000276:immunology*; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D019013:CD40 Antigens; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; C507780:Myd88 protein, mouse; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C495369:Tlr6 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6; C470545:Sirt1 protein, mouse; D056564:Sirtuin 1