title: Is PHEEM a multi-dimensional instrument? An international perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To look at the characteristics of Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) using data from the UK, Brazil, Chile and the Netherlands, and to examine the reliability and characteristics of PHEEM, especially how the three PHEEM subscales fitted with factors derived statistically from the data sets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical analysis of PHEEM scores from 1563 sets of data, using reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis and correlations of factors derived with the three defined PHEEM subscales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PHEEM was very reliable with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.928. Three factors were derived by exploratory factor analysis. Factor One correlated most strongly with the teaching subscale (R = 0.802), Factor Two correlated most strongly with the role autonomy subscale (R = 0.623) and Factor Three correlated most strongly with the social support subscale (R = 0.538).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHEEM is a multi-dimensional instrument. Overall, it is very reliable. There is a good fit of the three defined subscales, derived by qualitative methods, with the three principal factors derived from the data by exploratory factor analysis.
authors.affiliation: West Midlands Deanery, West Midlands, UK. d.w.wall@btopenworld.com
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clapham
authors.forename: Arnoldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riquelme
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cartmill
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aspegren
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roff
mesh_terms: D003697:Delphi Technique; D005060:Europe; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D017144:Focus Groups; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D007396:Internship and Residency; D013020:South America; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013663:Teaching / Q000592:standards*