title: Vorinostat enhances the antimyeloma effects of melphalan and bortezomib.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examine the antitumor activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat's antitumor activity against multiple myeloma (MM) using cell lines and a murine xenograft model.
  
  
  METHODS
  RPMI8226, U266, and MM1S cells were cultured for 48 h in the presence of media, vorinostat, melphalan, or bortezomib alone, or combinations of vorinostat with melphalan or bortezomib. Cell proliferation was measured using the MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt] assay. Severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing LAGkappa-1B tumors were treated with vorinostat [30, 60, or 100 mg/kg daily for five consecutive days per week (qdx5d), 100 or 300 mg/kg daily for 2 d/wk (qdx2d)], melphalan (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg qdx1d), bortezomib (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg qdx2d), or combinations thereof for 35 d. Tumor growth was determined via measurement of human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) levels and tumor volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vorinostat enhanced the anti-MM effects of melphalan and bortezomib in vitro. Synergism was observed with vorinostat and melphalan in RPMI8226 and U266 cell lines. Vorinostat 100 mg/kg in combination with melphalan 3 mg/kg resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth in vivo, compared with control (tumor volume P = 0.0001; hIgG P = 0.0001), single-agent vorinostat (tumor volume P = 0.0025; hIgG P = 0.0137), and single-agent melphalan (tumor volume P = 0.0043; hIgG P = 0.0426). Vorinostat also enhanced the antimyeloma effects of bortezomib in vivo. Vorinostat enhances the anti-MM activity of melphalan and bortezomib in vitro and in vivo. This study provides rationale for further evaluation of vorinostat in combination with chemotherapeutic agents and bortezomib for the treatment of MM.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Myeloma & Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shalitin
authors.forename: Zhi-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069286:Bortezomib; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009194:Myeloma Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077337:Vorinostat; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D001897:Boronic Acids; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D009194:Myeloma Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; D000077337:Vorinostat; D000069286:Bortezomib; D008558:Melphalan