title: Heterogeneity of glutamatergic and GABAergic release machinery in cerebral cortex: analysis of synaptogyrin, vesicle-associated membrane protein, and syntaxin.
abstract: To define whether cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic release machineries can be differentiated on the basis of the nature and amount of proteins they express, we studied the degree of co-localization of synaptogyrin (SGYR) 1 and 3, vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) 1 and 2, syntaxin (STX) 1A and 1B in vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT)1-, VGLUT2- and vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT)-positive (+) puncta and synaptic vesicles in the rat cerebral cortex. Co-localization studies showed that SGYR1 and 3 were expressed in about 90% of VGLUT1+, 70% of VGLUT2+ and 80% of VGAT+ puncta; VAMP1 was expressed in approximately 45% of VGLUT1+, 55% of VGLUT2+, and 80% of VGAT+ puncta; VAMP2 in about 95% of VGLUT1+, 75% of VGLUT2+, and 80% of VGAT+ puncta; STX1A in about 65% of VGLUT1+, 30% of VGLUT2+, and 3% of VGAT+ puncta, and STX1B in approximately 45% of VGLUT1+, 35% of VGLUT2+, and 70% of VGAT+ puncta. Immunoisolation studies showed that while STX1A was completely segregated and virtually absent from VGAT synaptic vesicles, STX1B, VAMP1/VAMP2, SGYR1/SGYR3 showed a similar pattern with the highest expression in VGLUT1 immunoisolated vesicles and the lowest in VGAT immunoisolated vesicles. Moreover, we studied the localization of STX1B at the electron microscope and found that a population of axon terminals forming symmetric synapses were STX1B-positive.These results extend our previous observations on the differential expression of presynaptic proteins involved in neurotransmitter release in GABAergic and glutamatergic terminals and indicate that heterogeneity of glutamatergic and GABAergic release machinery can be contributed by both the presence or absence of a given protein in a nerve terminal and the amount of protein expressed by synaptic vesicles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bragina
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giovedì
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barbaresi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benfenati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D062805:Synaptogyrins; D050827:Syntaxin 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D050987:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050988:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D050598:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; C493475:Slc17a6 protein, rat; C493466:Slc17a7 protein, rat; D062805:Synaptogyrins; D050827:Syntaxin 1; C494706:Vamp2 protein, rat; D050987:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 1; D050988:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2; D050598:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; C494705:vesicle-associated membrane protein 1, rat; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid