title: Improvement of a recombinant antibody-based serological assay for foot-and-mouth disease virus.
abstract: Differentiating foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antibodies generated during a natural infection from those due to vaccination (DIVA) is crucial for proving freedom from disease after an outbreak and allowing resumption of trade in livestock products. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) recommends that FMDV vaccines are composed of inactivated virus that has been purified to remove non-structural viral proteins. Such purified vaccines primarily induce antibodies to viral structural proteins, whereas replicating virus stimulates host antibodies specific for both structural and non-structural proteins. The current preferred FMDV DIVA test is a competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) designed to detect antibodies to the non-structural protein 3ABC. Previously, we described the development of an FMDV DIVA test based entirely on recombinant proteins (the recombinant detecting antibody and the 3ABC coating antigen) produced in Escherichia coli. In this study, we have determined the precise binding site of the recombinant detecting antibody to a conserved sequence within the 3B region of the 3ABC protein, replaced the original E-tag of the detecting antibody with two in-house tags and engineered a direct antibody-reporting enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) fusion protein. These modifications have further improved the DIVA test, providing great potential for large scale production and uptake due to its simplicity, reproducibility and low cost.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory and Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Janine D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Foord
authors.forename: Olan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dolezal
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hans G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: Lin-Fa
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001666:Binding Sites, Antibody; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D015202:Protein Engineering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014765:Viral Vaccines
chemical_list: C109754:3ABC protein, virus; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase