title: Impact of graded hypothermia on coagulation and fibrinolysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypothermia has a detrimental effect on hemostatic mechanism. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of graded hypothermia on markers of the anticoagulant system (antithrombin III and protein C) and fibrinolytic system (plasminogen, α(2)-antiplasmin), and on vascular wall and other tissue specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten New Zealand rabbits were subjected to mild and then moderate core hypothermia of 32 °C for 60 min. Blood samples were obtained at normothermic (T(1)), mild (T(2)), and moderate (T(3)) hypothermic conditions. Chromogenic assay methods were used to determine quantitatively (%) the activity of antithrombin III, protein C, plasminogen, and α(2)-antiplasmin. Hypothermic values were compared with the normothermic values. Tissue and vessel wall specimens were examined under light microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reduction of activity (%) from normothermia (T(1)) to mild (T(2)) and moderate (T(3)) hypothermia was found for antithrombin III (103.40 ± 12.54, 87.40 ± 13.50, and 82.70 ± 20.78, respectively, with statistically significant difference between T(1)-T(3): P = 0.03), for protein C (70.1 ± 7.51, 56.30 ± 8.34, and 53.1 ± 7.34, with statistically significant difference between T(1)-T(2) and T(1)-T(3): P = 0.015 for both comparisons) and α(2)-antiplasmin (97 ± 9.63, 80.60 ± 11.73, and 83.70 ± 13.94, with statistically significant difference between T(1)-T(2): P = 0.006). Plasminogen activity was increased (14.50 ± 0.52, 16.30 ± 1.63, and 17.30 ± 2.45, with statistically significant difference between T(1)-T(2) and T(1)-T(3): P = 0.033 for both comparisons). Histologic examination revealed no significant lesions on tissue and vessel wall specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study suggest that even though the hypothermia period was relatively short, the processes of coagulation and fibrinolysis were altered with simultaneous changes.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece. c_staikou@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: Chryssoula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staikou
authors.forename: Anteia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paraskeva
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drakos
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anastassopoulou
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papaioannou
authors.forename: Ismini
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Donta
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kontos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000502:physiology; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011486:Protein C / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011486:Protein C; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin; D000990:Antithrombin III; D010958:Plasminogen