title: Human experimentation: historical perspective of breaches of ethics in US health care.
abstract: Health care supervisors and managers may participate in ethical discussions and serve on ethics committees in their health care organizations. To aid them in their participation and service, this article expands upon the knowledge of ethics that they obtained in their academic training. The article provides readers with a common language based on frequently cited cases and key documents. The article traces a brief history of human experimentation, describes ethical breaches in the United States, and summarizes key documents guiding current thought on informed and voluntary consent. The article concludes with 3 common misconceptions that health care supervisors and managers will want to avoid in ethical discussions and ethical decision making. Health care supervisors and managers will be prepared to meaningfully contribute to the discussion of ethical issues and to the resolution of ethical problems in their health care organizations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services and Information Management, East Carolina University, College of Allied Health Sciences, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA. laymane@ecu.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Layman
mesh_terms: D032781:Codes of Ethics; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006805:Human Experimentation / Q000941:ethics* / Q000266:history; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D014481:United States