title: Increased cerebrospinal fluid chitotriosidase index in patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate chitotriosidase (CTTS) activity in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in relation to disease course and CSF markers for immune activation or inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 80 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 24 with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), 20 with primary progressive MS (PPMS) and 29 patients with other neurological disorders (OND). We measured CTTS activity and studied the correlation with CSF mononuclear cell count (MNC) and intrathecal IgG production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CTTS activity was significantly higher in CSF, but not in serum, from the total MS group compared with OND and controls. In RRMS and SPMS CTTS, index was increased compared with controls (RRMS, 0.10 +/- 0.21; SPMS, 0.10 +/- 0.15; controls, 0.021 +/- 0.020), but not in PPMS (0.061 +/- 0.052). CTTS index was higher in MS patients with elevated MNC or CSF-restricted oligoclonal IgG bands than in MS patients without these CSF findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTTS index is elevated in RRMS and SPMS. The CTTS index is related to CSF markers of inflammation or immune activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Donders Centre for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. m.verbeek@cukz.umcn.nl
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Verbeek
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Notting
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Faas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Claessens-Linskens
authors.forename: P J H
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Jongen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D002452:Cell Count; D006596:Hexosaminidases / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000201:enzymology; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000201:enzymology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000201:enzymology; D043025:Oligoclonal Bands / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D043025:Oligoclonal Bands; D006596:Hexosaminidases; C086400:chitotriosidase