title: Distal radius fractures in children: substantial difference in stability between buckle and greenstick fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous follow-up visits for wrist fractures in children are performed without therapeutic consequences. We investigated the degree to which the follow-up visits reveal complications and lead to change in management. The stability of greenstick and buckle fractures of the distal radius was assessed by comparing the lateral angulation radiographically.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 305 distal radius fractures in patients aged less than 16 years treated at our institution in 2006 were reviewed, and any complications were noted. The fracture type was determined from the initial radiographs and the angulation on the lateral films was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 1 of 311 follow-ups led to an active intervention. The greenstick fractures had more complications than the buckle fractures. The lateral angulation of the buckle fractures did not change importantly throughout the treatment. The greenstick fractures displaced 5 degrees on average, and continued to displace after the first 2 weeks. On average, the complete fractures displaced 9 degrees .
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Buckle fractures are stable and do not require follow-up. Greenstick fractures are unstable and continue to displace after 2 weeks. Complete fractures of the distal radius are uncommon in children, and highly unstable. A precise classification of fracture type at the time of diagnosis would identify a smaller subset of patients that require follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Norway. pran@ahus.no
authors.forename: Per-Henrik
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Randsborg
authors.forename: Einar A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sivertsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005592:Fracture Fixation; D017102:Fracture Healing; D017759:Fractures, Malunited / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies