title: Complementary and comparative study on hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of various extracts of Eugenia jambolana seed, Momordica charantia fruits, Gymnema sylvestre, and Trigonella foenum graecum seeds in rats.
abstract: In present study, we investigated hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic potential of five extracts (water, ethanol, methanol, hexane, and chloroform) of four plants (i.e., seeds of Eugenia jambolana, fruits of Momordica charantia, leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, and seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum) alone and/or in combination with glimepiride in rats. Ethanol extract of E. jambolana, water extract of M. charantia, ethanol extract of G. sylvestre, and water extract of T. graecum exhibited highest hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity (most active) in rats among all the extracts, while hexane extracts exhibited least activities. Most active extracts were further studied to dose-dependent (200, 100, and 50 mg/kg body weight (bw)) hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects alone and in combination with glimepiride (20, 10, and 5 mg/kg bw). The combination of most active extracts (200 mg/kg bw) and lower dose of glimepiride (5 mg/kg bw) showed safer and potent hypoglycemic as well as antihyperglycemic activities without creating severe hypoglycemia in normal rats, while higher doses (200 mg/kg bw of most active extracts, and 10 and 20 mg/kg bw of glimepiride) were generated lethal hypoglycemia in normal rats. From this study, it may be concluded that the ethanol extract of E. jambolana seeds, water extract of M. charantia fruits, ethanol extract of G. sylvestre leaves, and water extract of T. graecum seeds have higher hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic potential and may use as complementary medicine to treat the diabetic population by significantly reducing dose of standard drugs.
authors.affiliation: School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P., 474011, India. mukeshyadav2009@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mukesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lavania
authors.forename: Radha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tomar
authors.forename: G B K S
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Hariom
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yadav
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D019662:Cucurbitaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D031104:Gymnema sylvestre / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*; D029910:Trigonella / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; C057619:glimepiride