title: One day of moderate energy deficit reduces fasting and postprandial triacylglycerolemia in women: the role of calorie restriction and exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fasting and postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia are important cardiovascular risk factors in women. We sought to examine the effects of acute (1 day), moderate ( approximately 2 MJ) energy deficit induced by calorie restriction, exercise, or combination of both on fasting and postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy premenopausal women performed four oral fat tolerance tests in the morning after a day of a) rest (control), b) calorie restriction ( approximately 2 MJ), c) exercise (net deficit of approximately 2 MJ) and d) calorie restriction-plus-exercise (total energy deficit of approximately 2 MJ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All energy deficit trials significantly reduced fasting and postprandial total plasma TAG concentrations by 15-23% and 12-23%, respectively, and triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein TAG concentrations by 37-43% and 25-39%, respectively, compared with the control condition (P<0.05). Postprandial, but not fasting, total TAG concentrations were approximately 12% lower after exercise compared with diet-induced energy deficit (P=0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute, moderate energy deficit independently of its origin (i.e. diet or exercise or combination of both) reduces fasting and postprandial triacylglycerolemia in women. Exercise elicits a somewhat greater effect than calorie restriction in the postprandial state. The acute effect of diet and exercise should be taken into account when studying the long-term effects of weight loss and exercise training on TAG metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maraki
authors.forename: Faidon
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magkos
authors.forename: Nektarios
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
authors.forename: Niki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aggelopoulou
authors.forename: Katerina P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Skenderi
authors.forename: Demosthenes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
authors.forename: Stavros A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kavouras
authors.forename: Labros S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sidossis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000009:adverse effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000009:adverse effects; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D019518:Postprandial Period; D017697:Premenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides