title: The expression of Gli3, regulated by HOXD13, may play a role in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) is a congenital limb deformity. Based on extended transmission disequilibrium testing, Gli-Kruppel family member 3 (Gli3) has been identified as a candidate gene for ICTEV. Here, we verify the role of Gli3 in ICTEV development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the rat ICTEV model, we analyzed the differences in Gli3 expression levels between model rats and normal control rats. We used luciferase reporter gene assays and ChIP/EMSA assays to analyze the regulatory elements of Gli3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gli3 showed higher expression levels in ICTEV model rats compared to controls (P < 0.05). We identified repressor and activator regions in the rat Gli3 promoter. The Gli3 promoter also contains two putative Hoxd13 binding sites. Using EMSA, the Hoxd13 binding site 2 was found to directly interact with Hoxd13 in vitro. ChIP assays of the Hoxd13-Gli3 promoter complex from a developing limb confirmed that endogenous Hoxd13 interacts with this region in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that HoxD13 directly interacts with the promoter of Gli3. The increase of Gli3 expression in ICTEV model animal might result from the low expression of HoxD13.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
authors.forename: DongHua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: ChunLian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: MeiHong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: ChangKun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002102:Cadaver; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014212:Tretinoin; D000074290:Zinc Finger Protein Gli3
chemical_list: C065683:GLI3 protein, human; C546742:GLI3 protein, rat; C547057:HOXD13 protein, rat; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000074290:Zinc Finger Protein Gli3; D014212:Tretinoin