[Comparative study of cytotoxicity induced by two kinds of bentonite particles in vitro].
OBJECTIVE
To study comparatively the cytotoxicity induced by acid bentonite and organic bentonite.


METHODS
The cytotoxicity of two kinds of bentonite was detected using CCK8 assay, neutral red uptake (NRU) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay, apoptosis assay and hemolysis assay. In hemolysis assay human erythrocytes served as target cells and were exposed to the two kinds of bentonite at the doses of 0, 0.3125, 0.6250, 1.2500 and 2.5000 mg/ml for ten min. In other four assays, human B lymphoblast cells (HMy2.CIR) served as target cells and were exposed to the two kinds of bentonite at the doses of 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 and 180 microg/ml for four h.


RESULTS
In hemolysis assay, the hemolysis rates induced by two kinds of bentonite at all doses were significantly higher than that of control (P<0.05); in CCK-8 assay, the cellular activities in acid bentonite group at the doses > or =30 microg/ml and in organic bentonite group at the doses > or =20 microg/ml were significantly lower than that of control (P<0.01); the similar results appeared in NRU assay and LDH assay, and the dose-effect relationship was observed in above 4 assays. In apoptosis assay, the early apoptosis cell rates in acid bentonite group at the dose of 180 microg/ml and in organic bentonite group at the doses of 120,180 microg/ml were significantly higher than that of control (P<0.05). Moreover, the results of five in vitro assays indicated the cytotoxicity induced by organic bentonite was higher than that induced by acid bentonite.


CONCLUSIONS
Two kinds of bentonite could induce cytotoxicity, such as apoptosis and damage of cell membrane. The cytotoxicity of organic bentonite is higher than that of acid bentonite due to the different industrial treatment and characteristics of two kinds of bentonite particles.
Lu
Ye-Zhen
YZ
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China.
Zhang
Mei-Bian
MB
Li
Xiao-Xue
XX
Yan
Song-Xue
SX
Chen
Qing
Q
Xing
Ming-Luan
ML
Zou
Hua
H
He
Ji-Liang
JL
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001546:Bentonite / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
D001546:Bentonite