title: In vitro evaluation of the sinus sagittalis superior thrombosis model in the rat using 3D micro- and nanocomputed tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinus are common causes of stroke. Animal models help us to understand the underlying pathophysiology of this condition. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate a well-established model for sinus sagittalis (SSS) thrombosis using micro- and nanocomputed tomography (CT) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  SSS thrombosis was performed in four rats. After contrast perfusion, brains were isolated and scanned using micro-CT at (8 microm)(3) voxel size to generate 3D images of the cerebral vasculature. For more detailed information on vascular perfusion territories, nano-CT imaging was performed to investigate the boundary layer of contrast-enhanced vessels and the occluded veins. The venous and arterial vascular volume fraction and gray scale measurements were obtained in the SSS thrombosis group and compared to controls. The significance of differences in vascular volume fraction and gray scale measurements was tested with analysis of variance. Results were complemented with histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Micro-CT proved to accurately visualize and differentiate vascular occlusion territories performed in the SSS thrombosis model. Moreover, 3D micro-CT provided quantitative information on arterial and venous vascular volume fraction. Micro-CT imaging enables a total 3D visualization of complications (ventricle rupture) in the SSS thrombosis model. We established gray scale measurements by which focal cerebral ischemia could be radiographically categorized (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using nano-CT, the interface of contrast-perfused and occluded veins can be visualized. Micro-CT is feasible for analysis and differentiation of perfusion territories in an animal model of focal cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, Germany. Alexander.Langheinrich@radiol.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: Alexander Claus
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Langheinrich
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeniguen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ostendorf
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marhoffer
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dierkes
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Gerlach
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nedelmann
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kampschulte
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stolz
authors.forename: Tibo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gerriets
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020225:Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D054063:Superior Sagittal Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*