title: Comparative analysis of Panicum streak virus and Maize streak virus diversity, recombination patterns and phylogeography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Panicum streak virus (PanSV; Family Geminiviridae; Genus Mastrevirus) is a close relative of Maize streak virus (MSV), the most serious viral threat to maize production in Africa. PanSV and MSV have the same leafhopper vector species, largely overlapping natural host ranges and similar geographical distributions across Africa and its associated Indian Ocean Islands. Unlike MSV, however, PanSV has no known economic relevance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we report on 16 new PanSV full genome sequences sampled throughout Africa and use these together with others in public databases to reveal that PanSV and MSV populations in general share very similar patterns of genetic exchange and geographically structured diversity. A potentially important difference between the species, however, is that the movement of MSV strains throughout Africa is apparently less constrained than that of PanSV strains. Interestingly the MSV-A strain which causes maize streak disease is apparently the most mobile of all the PanSV and MSV strains investigated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We therefore hypothesize that the generally increased mobility of MSV relative to other closely related species such as PanSV, may have been an important evolutionary step in the eventual emergence of MSV-A as a serious agricultural pathogen.The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are GQ415386-GQ415401.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varsani
authors.forename: Aderito L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Monjane
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: Sunday
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oluwafemi
authors.forename: Innocent
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zinga
authors.forename: Ephrem K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Komba
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plakoutene
authors.forename: Noella
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mandakombo
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mboukoulida
authors.forename: Silla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Semballa
authors.forename: Rob W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Briddon
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Markham
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lett
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lefeuvre
authors.forename: Edward P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Rybicki
authors.forename: Darren P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017791:Geminiviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005843:Geography; D007195:Indian Ocean Islands; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008897:Panicum / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral