title: Intracellular re-localisation by photochemical internalisation enhances the cytotoxic effect of gelonin--quantitative studies in normal rat liver.
abstract: Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a delivery technology that employs a sub-lethal form of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in which a photosensitiser is activated by light to break down intracellular membranes and release macromolecules into the cytosol where they can be biologically active. Although PCI does enhance the PDT killing of transplanted tumours in mice after local injection of the cytotoxic agent, gelonin, the redistribution of gelonin from intracellular organelles into the cytosol has only previously been demonstrated in vitro. This study is designed to understand the factors controlling the efficacy of PCI in vivo and to document the mechanism of action. Using the photosensitiser AlS(2)Pc in studies on normal rat liver, we have demonstrated in vivo that gelonin is initially taken up into lysosomes, but can be released into the cytosol using PCI. Furthermore, PCI enhances the PDT effect after systemic administration of gelonin (volume of necrosis increased x2.5 when gelonin is given one hour before light), with the remarkably low dose of 5 microg/kg (10,000 times lower than the LD50); in the absence of light, there is no effect with 500 microg/kg. These results suggest that PCI may have a useful role to play in the site specific activation of cytotoxic agents like gelonin, given at a dose level that has no effect in the absence of light.
authors.affiliation: National Medical Laser Centre, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. j.woodhams@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woodhams
authors.forename: Pei-Jen
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Pål K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Selbo
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosse
authors.forename: Dahmane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oukrif
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: MacRobert
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Novelli
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Bown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008027:Light; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D007211:Indoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; C064331:aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate; C025674:GEL protein, Gelonium multiflorum