title: Gene expression profiling in sinonasal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sinonasal adenocarcinomas are uncommon tumors which develop in the ethmoid sinus after exposure to wood dust. Although the etiology of these tumors is well defined, very little is known about their molecular basis and no diagnostic tool exists for their early detection in high-risk workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  To identify genes involved in this disease, we performed gene expression profiling using cancer-dedicated microarrays, on nine matched samples of sinonasal adenocarcinomas and non-tumor sinusal tissue. Microarray results were validated by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry on two additional sets of tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the genes with significant differential expression we selected LGALS4, ACS5, CLU, SRI and CCT5 for further exploration. The overexpression of LGALS4, ACS5, SRI, CCT5 and the downregulation of CLU were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed for LGALS4 (Galectin 4), ACS5 (Acyl-CoA synthetase) and CLU (Clusterin) proteins: LGALS4 was highly up-regulated, particularly in the most differentiated tumors, while CLU was lost in all tumors. The expression of ACS5, was more heterogeneous and no correlation was observed with the tumor type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within our microarray study in sinonasal adenocarcinoma we identified two proteins, LGALS4 and CLU, that were significantly differentially expressed in tumors compared to normal tissue. A further evaluation on a new set of tissues, including precancerous stages and low grade tumors, is necessary to evaluate the possibility of using them as diagnostic markers.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, UMR 892, Nantes F-44007, France. dominique.tripodi@chu-nantes.fr
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tripodi
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quéméner
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Renaudin
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferron
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Malard
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guisle-Marsollier
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sébille-Rivain
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verger
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Géraut
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gratas-Rabbia-Ré
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D051152:Clusterin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D037541:Galectin 4 / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495242:CLU protein, human; D051152:Clusterin; D037541:Galectin 4; C511927:LGALS4 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases; C485465:ACSL5 protein, human