title: The antimicrobial peptides derived from chromogranin/secretogranin family, new actors of innate immunity.
abstract: Chromogranins/secretogranins are members of the granin family present in secretory vesicles of nervous, endocrine and immune cells. In chromaffin cells, activation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors induces the release, with catecholamines, of bioactive peptides resulting from a natural processing. During the past decade, our laboratory has characterized new antimicrobial chromogranin-derived peptides in the secretions of stimulated bovine chromaffin cells. They act at the micromolar range against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and are non-toxic for the mammalian cells. They are recovered in several biological fluids involved in defence mechanisms (human serum, neutrophil secretions and saliva). These new antimicrobial peptides demonstrate the major role of the adrenal medulla in innate immunity. In this review we focus on the antimicrobial peptides derived from human and bovine chromogranin A (CGA), chromogranin B (CGB) and secretogranin II (SGII) emphasizing their direct action against pathogens and their effects on immune cells.
authors.affiliation: Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm Z575, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Peiman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shooshtarizadeh
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chich
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gasnier
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Youssef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haïkel
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aunis
authors.forename: Marie-Hélène
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Metz-Boutigue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002864:Chromogranins; D010455:Peptides