title: Assessment of the lymphatic system in patients with diffuse lymphangiomatosis by magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the lymphatic system in patients with diffuse lymphangiomatosis by magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 patients with diffuse lymphangiomatosis were examined by magnetic resonance imaging. Three locations were examined: first, the lower leg and foot region; second, the upper leg and the knee region; and third, the pelvic with retroperitoneal and abdominal region. For magnetic resonance lymphangiography a T1-weighted 3D spoiled gradient-echo and a T2-weighted 3D-TSE sequence was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The size of the genital lymphangiomas, which were revealed in all patients, varied between 5 and 83 mm. In 47% of the patients lymphangiomas were detected at the level of the lower legs, and in 87% of the patients at the level of the upper leg and retroperitoneum. Furthermore, lymphangiomas were seen in the inguinal and pelvic region in 100% and intraabdominally in 40% of the patients. The lymphangiomas extended into the abdominal wall in 93% of the examined patients. A chylous pleural effusion was revealed in 20% and a chylous ascites in 13% of patients. 93% of patients suffered due to the diffuse lymphangiomatous pathologies from a lymphedema of the lower extremities, while a generalized lymphedema of the trunk was found in 87% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnetic resonance imaging is a safe and accurate minimal-invasive imaging modality for the evaluation of the lymphatic system in patients with diffuse lymphangiomatosis. Since the localization and extension of the lymphangiomas are important prognostic factors, it is crucial to perform a safe radiologic evaluation with a high resolution for the patient's therapeutic planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg i. Br., Germany. christian.lohrmann@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lohrmann
authors.forename: Etelka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Foeldi
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008202:Lymphangioma / Q000473:pathology*; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011379:Prognosis; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C062402:gadoteridol; D005682:Gadolinium