title: Direct-to-consumer advertising in black and white: racial differences in placement patterns of print advertisements for health products and messages.
abstract: If direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) increases consumer participation in healthcare, then it may provide a useful strategy for addressing health disparities, in part, where patient-level barriers have contributed to such disparities. However, this presumes equitable access to DTCA. Using mixed methods, we explored advertisement patterns in matched African American and general audience magazines across a range of genres and ad types. Results suggest no significant differences in ad frequencies by race. However other meaningful categorical and qualitative differences were found, suggesting that advertisers may fall short in maximizing DTCA as an adjunctive strategy for empowering populations at risk for health disparities.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University Center for Biomedical Ethics, Palo Alto, California, USA. lcrawley@stanford.edu
authors.forename: LaVera M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Crawley
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hisaw
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Illes
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising / Q000379:methods; D001741:Black or African American; D054626:Consumer Health Information; D004345:Drug Industry; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations