title: Displays that facilitate performance of multifrequency ratios during motor-respiratory coordination.
abstract: A large number of ratios between movement and breathing are possible, but only a small number have been performed during exercise. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to investigate displays that might facilitate the performance of other ratios; and (2) to test predictions from the sine circle map and continued fractions in a model motor-respiratory task in which participants coordinated arm movement and breathing. Displays consisted of either real-time feedback or a template (non-feedback). The accuracy of ratio performance was significantly greater with the template in which the number and relative positioning of movements and breaths was depicted, compared to with real-time feedback. Across displays, the stability of ratio performance conformed to principles of the sine circle map and was significantly greater for ratios with longer continued fractions. Therefore, the motor-respiratory repertoire can be expanded by increasing participants' understanding of the pattern to be performed, but performance is constrained by general dynamical principles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA. eric.hessler@asu.edu
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hessler
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: Polemnia G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Amazeen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001132:Arm; D056228:Feedback, Sensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration