title: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of the cardiac surgery patient; a point of view for the cardiac surgeon and cardio-anesthesiologist.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD) is defined as the inability of the ventricle to fill to a normal end-diastolic volume, both during exercise as well as at rest, while left atrial pressure does not exceed 12 mm Hg. We examined the concept of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in a cardiac surgery setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review was carried out in order to identify the overall experience of an important and highly underestimated issue: the unexpected adverse outcome due to ventricular stiffness, following cardiac surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although diverse group of patients for cardiac surgery could potentially affected from diastolic dysfunction, there are only few studies looking in to the impact of DD on the postoperative outcome; Trans-thoracic echo-cardiography (TTE) is the main stay for the diagnosis of DD. Intraoperative trans-oesophageal (TOE) adds to the management. Subgroups of DD can be defined with prognostic significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DD with elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure can predispose to increased perioperative mortality and morbidity. Furthermore, DD is often associated with systolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy or indeed pulmonary hypertension. When the diagnosis of DD is made, peri-operative attention to this group of patients becomes mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patras, Greece. stratisapostolakis@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: Efstratios E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Apostolakis
authors.forename: Nikolaos G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Baikoussis
authors.forename: Haralabos
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parissis
authors.forename: Stavros N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Siminelakis
authors.forename: Georgios S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013903:Thoracic Surgery; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy