Acute uncomplicated cystitis: from surveillance data to a rationale for empirical treatment.
The objectives of this study were to explore the epidemiological features and resistance rates in uropathogens isolated from cases of acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) in Greece, and subsequently to guide empirical treatment. Urine samples from outpatients aged >16 years were cultured and for each uropathogen isolated non-susceptibility to orally administered antimicrobial agents was defined. Demographic and clinical data were provided in questionnaire form. From January 2005 to March 2006 a total of 1936 non-duplicate positive urinary cultures were collected and 889 AUC cases were evaluated. Escherichia coli was the main aetiological agent (83%). In the AUC group, non-susceptibility rates for E. coli isolates were as follows: amoxicillin 25.8%; co-trimoxazole 19.2%; cefalothin 14.9%; nitrofurantoin 10.7%; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 5.2%; nalidixic acid 6%; mecillinam 3.4%; ciprofloxacin 2.2%; cefuroxime 1.7%, and fosfomycin 1.6%. Amoxicillin and/or co-trimoxazole use in the previous 3 months was significantly associated with isolation of a co-trimoxazole-resistant E. coli isolate. The same applied for previous use of a fluoroquinolone agent and isolation of a ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolate. In conclusion, increased co-trimoxazole non-susceptibility rates undermine its use as a first-line agent in empirical treatment, especially in cases of recent use of co-trimoxazole and/or amoxicillin. Fluoroquinolones display potent in vitro activity against community uropathogens, but prudent use is warranted for uncomplicated infections. Mecillinam and nitrofurantoin could serve as effective front-line agents in an effort to design fluoroquinolones-sparing regimens.
Katsarolis
Ioannis
I
4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 1 Rimini Avenue, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece. ikatsarolis@gmail.com
Poulakou
Garyphallia
G
Athanasia
Sofia
S
Kourea-Kremastinou
Jenny
J
Lambri
Niki
N
Karaiskos
Elias
E
Panagopoulos
Periklis
P
Kontopidou
Flora V
FV
Voutsinas
Dionysios
D
Koratzanis
Georgios
G
Kanellopoulou
Maria
M
Adamis
Georgios
G
Vagiakou
Helen
H
Perdikaki
Pigi
P
Giamarellou
Helen
H
Kanellakopoulou
Kyriaki
K
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003556:Cystitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents