title: The effect of Eurycoma longifolia on sperm quality of male rats.
abstract: The present study investigated the effects of a standardized methanol extract of E. longifolia Jack containing the major quassinoid constituents of 13alpha(21)-epoxyeurycomanone (1), eurycomanone (2), 13alpha,21-dihydroeurycomanone (3) and eurycomanol (4) on the epididymal spermatozoa profile of normal and Andrographis paniculata induced infertile rats. The standardized MeOH extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, the EtOAc fraction (70 mg/kg), and standardized MeOH extract at 200 mg/kg co-administered with the EtOAc fraction of A. paniculata at 70 mg/kg were each given orally to male Sprague-Dawley albino rats for 48 consecutive days. The spermatozoa count, morphology, motility, plasma testosterone level and Leydig cell count of the animals were statistically analyzed by ANOVA with a post-hoc Tukey HSD test. The results showed that the sperm count of rats given the standardized MeOH extract alone at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were increased by 78.9, 94.3 and 99.2%, respectively when compared with that of control (p < 0.01). The low count, poor motility and abnormal morphology of the spermatozoa induced by the A. paniculata fraction were significantly reversed by the standardized MeOH extract of E. longifolia (p < 0.001). The plasma testosterone level of the rats treated with the standardized MeOH extract at 200 mg/kg was significantly increased (p < 0.01) when compared with that of the control and infertile animals. The spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubules and the Leydig cells appeared normal. Testosterone level was significantly higher in the testes (p < 0.01) than in the plasma after 30 days of oral treatment with the standardized MeOH extract. Interestingly, eurycomanone (2) alone was detected in the rat testis homogenates by HPLC-UV and confirmed by LC/MS, and may have contributed towards the improvement of sperm quality. Thus, the plant may potentially be suitable for the management of male infertility.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. klchan@usm.my
authors.forename: Kit-Lam
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Bin-Seng
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: Chin-Hoe
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: Prashanta K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D035701:Eurycoma / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D036702:Quassins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects; D013739:Testosterone
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D036702:Quassins; D013739:Testosterone