title: Anaerobic digested dairy manure as a nutrient supplement for cultivation of oil-rich green microalgae Chlorella sp.
abstract: The present study was to investigate the effectiveness of using digested dairy manure as a nutrient supplement for cultivation of oil-rich green microalgae Chlorella sp. Different dilution multiples of 10, 15, 20, and 25 were applied to the digested manure and algal growth was compared in regard to growth rate, nutrient removal efficiency, and final algal fatty acids content and composition. Slower growth rates were observed with less diluted manure samples with higher turbidities in the initial cultivation days. A reverse linear relationship (R(2) = 0.982) was found between the average specific growth rate of the beginning 7 days and the initial turbidities. Algae removed ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and COD by 100%, 75.7-82.5%, 62.5-74.7%, and 27.4-38.4%, respectively, in differently diluted dairy manure. COD in digested dairy manure, beside CO(2), proved to be another carbon source for mixotrophic Chlorella. Fatty acid profiles derived from triacylglyceride (TAG), phospholipid and free fatty acids showed that octadecadienoic acid (C18:2) and hexadecanoic acid (C16:0) were the two most abundant fatty acids in the algae. The total fatty acid content of the dry weight increased from 9.00% to 13.7% along with the increasing dilution multiples. Based on the results from this study, a process combining anaerobic digestion and algae cultivation can be proposed as an effective way to convert high strength dairy manure into profitable byproducts as well as to reduce contaminations to environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. wangx739@umn.edu
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yecong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Yifeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Roger R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ruan
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D056804:Biofuels / Q000382:microbiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002708:Chlorella / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D008372:Manure; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010758:Phosphorus; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen