title: Atrial fibrillation is a possible marker of frailty in hospitalized patients: results of the GIFA Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in elderly people, who are particularly exposed to its most severe complications, such as stroke, worsening heart failure and dementia. Some studies demonstrate that AF is associated with increased mortality in home-dwelling subjects, but little is known about the clinical impact of the arrhythmia in hospitalized patients. We studied the clinical associations and effects of AF on the 23,174 hospitalized patients enrolled in the GIFA (Gruppo Italiano di Farmacoepidemiologia nell'Anziano) Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were divided into three groups according to the absence or presence of AF (sinus rhythm, non_AF; AF as main diagnosis, AF_main; AF as comorbid condition, AF_associated) and stratified into four age-groups (< or =60, 61-70, 71-80 and >80 yrs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AF_associated patients were older, more frequently disabled, and characterized by greater comorbidity and longer in-hospital length of stay. Urea nitrogen concentration was higher, and total cholesterol was lower in AF_associated patients, compared with the other two groups. Overall mortality was 6.0%. Mortality was higher in AF_associated patients (non_AF: 6.0% vs AF_associated: 7.1% vs AF_main: 0%, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that, in hospitalized patients, AF as a comorbid condition is associated with worse metabolic profile and clinical outcomes, and thus, may represent a marker of frailty.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence and AOU Careggi, Via delle Oblate 4, Florence, Italy. fumadue@tin.it
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fumagalli
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tarantini
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guarducci
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pepe
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boncinelli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valoti
authors.forename: Samuele
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baldasseroni
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Masotti
authors.forename: Niccolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marchionni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins