[Accessory proteins of HIV and innate anti-retroviral factors].
The HIV genome encodes several accessory proteins (Vif, Vpr, Vpx, Vpu, and Nef) unique to primate lentiviruses, in addition to the structural (Gag, Pol, and Env) and regulatory (Tat and Rev) proteins. Early studies showed that deletion of accessory proteins has a small or no effect on virus replication in cell cultures. However, recent studies have clearly demonstrated that these proteins are essential for efficient viral replication, dissemination, pathogenicity, and disease progression. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of HIV accessory proteins and their cellular targets, and discuss the functional roles of these biologically unique and important viral proteins for virus replication in vitro and in vivo.
Nomaguchi
Masako
M
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
Adachi
Akio
A
D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D000818:Animals; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D055808:Drug Discovery; D016336:Gene Products, vpr; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D006801:Humans; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics*; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D016336:Gene Products, vpr; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human