title: Effectiveness of exercise in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis, knee osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, and osteoporosis are major locomotive diseases in the elderly population. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of exercise in these three diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the relevant literature, i.e., systematic reviews and meta-analyses searched with PubMed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is not sufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of exercise for LSS. However, muscle strengthening and aerobic exercises are effective in reducing pain and improving physical function in patients with mild to moderate OA of the knee. On the other hand, aerobics, weight bearing and resistance exercises are effective in increasing the bone mineral density of the spine in postmenopausal women, and walking is effective for the hips. Muscle strengthening, balance training and traditional Chinese Tai Chi reduce the risk of falls in the elderly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on a review of the literature, appropriate exercises should be emphasized for elderly patients, especially for those with mild to moderate OA of the knee or osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. jiwamoto@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000628:therapy*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D017698:Postmenopause; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*