title: Postoperative analgesia with minidose intrathecal morphine for bipolar hip prosthesis in extremely elderly patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is known that an optimal dose of intrathecal morphine for analgesia after total hip arthroplasty in older patients is 0.1 mg. On the other hand, minidose intrathecal morphine (0.05 mg) is useful for analgesia after the transurethral resection of the prostate in elderly patients. We evaluated the postoperative analgesic effect of minidose intrathecal morphine after bipolar hip prosthesis in seniors (age 85 years or more) undergoing spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty seniors undergoing bipolar hip prosthesis under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to one of two groups. Group A (n = 10) received intrathecal injection of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine, 2.8 ml, and group B (n = 10) received intrathecal injection of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine, 2.8 ml, plus morphine, 0.05 mg. Pain, nausea, and itching were evaluated using a numerical rating scale, ranging from 0 to 10, at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The values on the numerical rating scale for pain in group B were significantly lower than those in group A at 4, 8, and 12 h after the operation. There were no significant differences between the groups in the values on the numerical rating scale for nausea or itching throughout the time course of the study. No patient in either group showed hypoxemia or respiratory depression throughout the time course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that minidose intrathecal morphine provides a good analgesic effect without side effects, and it would be an effective and safe procedure for bipolar hip prosthesis in seniors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Nagasaki Rosai Hospital, Sasebo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukusaki
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumikawa
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine