title: Visual impairment and quality of life in the older European population, the EUREYE study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) in populations 65 year or older from six European countries and describe the association with vision-related quality of life. VI was defined according to WHO as best corrected visual acuity <6/18/log MAR >0,48 (World Health Organization (1992): International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revised ed. Vol 1. Geneva).
  
  
  METHODS
  4166 participants in The European Eye study, 65 years and older selected randomly from the general census in the participating centres, were interviewed for vision-related quality of life and underwent an eye exam including distance visual acuity, refraction and fundus photography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of VI rose with increasing age and more so in women. There was a pattern of a higher prevalence of VI in the Mediterranean countries compared to Northern European countries with the exception of Tallinn (Estonia) which had higher VI prevalence rates than the other north European centres. The prevalence of low vision was 3% or less in all centres. Blindness prevalence varied from 2% to less than half a per cent. Vision-related quality of life was strongly associated with visual acuity and the presence of bilateral age-related macular degeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of visual impairment in the examined ageing European populations shows a definite increasing trend from north to south.
authors.affiliation: Eye Department, Stavanger University Hospital and University of Bergen, Norway. seland@dr.com
authors.forename: Johan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seland
authors.forename: Johannes R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Vingerling
authors.forename: Cristina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Augood
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bentham
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: Paulus T V M
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: deJong
authors.forename: Mati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahu
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soubrane
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tomazzoli
authors.forename: Fotis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Topouzis
authors.forename: Astrid E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044465:White People