title: Reduced risk of bone metastasis for patients with breast cancer who use COX-2 inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesize that the use of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors in early disease phases could protect against the development of bony metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical charts of patients with stage II-III breast cancer diagnosed between 1999 and 2005 were reviewed. Patients were subdivided according to the use of COX-2 inhibitors after the diagnosis and for > or = 6 months. Bivariate analyses were undertaken, and statistically significant variables were included in a multivariate logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven percent of patients (74 of 644) who did not use COX-2 inhibitors developed bone metastases compared with 2% (1 of 48) of those who did use COX-2 inhibitors (Fisher exact test, P = .05). Significant predictors for bone metastases in a multivariate logistic regression model included: > or = 3 positive nodes (odds ratio [OR], 3.26 [95% CI, 1.79-5.93]; P < .001), stage IIB-IIIC disease (OR, 3.89 [95% CI: 1.74-8.69]; P = .001) and use of COX-2 inhibitors (OR, 0.12 [95% CI, 0.02-0.88]; P = .037). Adjusting for TNM stage, of the 327 patients with stages IIB-IIIC disease, 22% (63 of 293) had bone metastases in the non-COX-2 group versus 3% (1 of 34) in the COX-2 inhibitors consumers (Fisher exact test, P = .006). In this high-risk group of patients, the calculated OR associated with COX-2 inhibitors was 0.10 (95% CI, 0.01-0.78).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of COX-2 inhibitors could reduce the risk of bone metastases in stage II-III breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA. valseccm@einstein.edu
authors.forename: Matias E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Valsecchi
authors.forename: Sherry C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pomerantz
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaslow
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tester
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors