title: Ipl1-dependent phosphorylation of Dam1 is reduced by tension applied on kinetochores.
abstract: The conserved Aurora B protein kinase (Ipl1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is essential for ensuring that sister kinetochores become attached to microtubules from opposite spindle poles (bi-orientation) before anaphase onset. When sister chromatids become attached to microtubules from a single pole, Aurora B/Ipl1 facilitates turnover of kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This process requires phosphorylation by Aurora B/Ipl1 of kinetochore components such as Dam1 in yeast. Once bi-orientation is established and tension is applied on kinetochores, Aurora B/Ipl1 must stop promoting this turnover, otherwise correct attachment would never be stabilised. How this is achieved remains elusive: it might be due to dephosphorylation of Aurora B/Ipl1 substrates at kinetochores, or might take place independently, for example because of conformational changes in kinetochores. Here, we show that Ipl1-dependent phosphorylation at crucial sites on Dam1 is maximal during S phase and minimal during metaphase, matching the cell cycle window when chromosome bi-orientation occurs. Intriguingly, when we reduced tension at kinetochores through failure to establish sister chromatid cohesion, Dam1 phosphorylation persisted in metaphase-arrested cells. We propose that Aurora B/Ipl1-facilitated bi-orientation is stabilised in response to tension at kinetochores by dephosphorylation of Dam1, resulting in termination of kinetochore-microtubule attachment turnover.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: Najma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rachidi
authors.forename: Tomoyuki U
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Michael J R
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stark
mesh_terms: D064127:Aurora Kinases; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C116003:DAM1 protein, S cerevisiae; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D064127:Aurora Kinases; C576961:IPL1 protein, S cerevisiae; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases