title: BMI at 4 years of age is associated with previous and current protein intake and with paternal BMI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate possible associations between body mass index (BMI) at 4 years of age, current and previous dietary intakes and parental BMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A follow-up of dietary intake and anthropometry in 127 4-year-old children corresponding to 54% of children who completed an initial intervention study at 18 months of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen percent of the girls and 13% of the boys were overweight (age-adjusted BMI> or =25) and 2% of the girls and 3% of the boys were obese (age-adjusted BMI> or =30). Thirty-four percent and 9% of the fathers and 19 and 7% of the mothers were overweight and obese, respectively. BMI at 6-18 months was a strong predictor of BMI at 4 years. Univariate regression analyses revealed that intake of protein in particular, and also of total energy and carbohydrates at 17/18 months and at 4 years, was positively associated with BMI at 4 years. Although BMI at 6-18 months was the strongest predictor of BMI at 4 years, in the final multivariate models of the child's BMI, protein intake at 17-18 months and at 4 years, energy intake at 4 years and the father's-but not the mother's-BMI were also independent contributing factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among these healthy children, BMI at 4 years of age tracked from 6 to 18 months of age and were associated with previous and current protein intake as well as parental BMI, particularly that of the father.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. inger.ohlund@kost.umu.se
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohlund
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hernell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hörnell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stenlund
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lind
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins