title: Effect of growth hormone on small intestinal homeostasis relation to cellular mediators IGF-I and IGFBP-3.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of growth hormone (GH) on the histology of small intestines which might be related to the role of insulin like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and its receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve week-old adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups. The study group (n = 10), received recombinant human growth hormone (rGH) at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day subcutaneously for 14 d and the control group (n = 10) received physiologic serum. Paraffin sections of jejunum were stained with periodic acid shift (PAS) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for light microscopy. They were also examined for IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGF-receptor immunoreactivities. Staining intensity was graded semi-quantitatively using the HSCORE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Goblet cells and the cells in crypt epithelia were significantly increased in the study group compared to that of the control group. We have demonstrated an increase of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 immunoreactivities in surface epithelium of the small intestine by GH application. IGF-I receptor immunoreactivities of crypt, villous columnar cells, enteroendocrine cells and muscularis mucosae were also more strongly positive in the study group compared to those of in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm the important trophic and protective role of GH in the homeostasis of the small intestine. The trophic effect is mediated by an increase in IGF-I synthesis in the small intestine, but the protective effect is not related to IGF-I.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45010, Turkey. betul.ersoy@bayar.edu.tr
authors.forename: Betul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozbilgin
authors.forename: Erhun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kasirga
authors.forename: Sevinc
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inan
authors.forename: Senol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coskun
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tuglu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000166:cytology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone