title: A review of opioid dependence treatment: pharmacological and psychosocial interventions to treat opioid addiction.
abstract: Opioid dependence is a problem of national concern, especially with dramatically increased rates of abuse and dependence of prescription opioids. The current article provides an up-to-date review of the literature on opioid dependence treatment, with a focus on conclusions drawn by experts in the field (e.g., Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses) and methodologically rigorous studies (e.g., randomized controlled trials). We describe the major classes of drug treatments available, including opioid agonist (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine, LAAM), antagonist (e.g., naltrexone) and non-opioid pharmacotherapies (e.g., alpha2 adrenergic agonists). These treatments are discussed in the context of detoxification and long term treatment options such as abstinence-based and maintenance strategies. We review the state of the literature as to prevention of opioid overdose and discuss the widespread problem of comorbidity among opioid-dependent populations. We also focus prominently on evidence for inclusion of psychosocial approaches in treatment regimens, either as stand-alone or in conjunction with psychopharmacological options.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W Harrison Street, M/C 285, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. jveill2@uic.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Veilleux
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Colvin
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: York
authors.forename: Adrienne J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Heinz
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D012657:Self-Help Groups
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics