title: The prevalence of pressure ulcers in four paediatric institutions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pressure ulcers are a common nursing care issue in hospitals. They are associated with psychological and physical suffering, an increased morbidity and mortality rate and higher overall health care costs. The aim of the current study is to describe the frequency of pressure ulcers in a paediatric care setting and to identify the population at risk, as well as to assess the factors predisposing to the development of pressure ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A point prevalence study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in four paediatric hospitals in the German-speaking part of Switzerland and included children from the age of 0-18 years. The method of data collection was a direct systematic inspection and assessment of the skin, taking into account the clinical condition of the patient for risk assessment. A valid risk assessment and data collection instrument was used and, each patient was assessed by a previously instructed rater pair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all possible patients, 81% (n = 155) were included. An overall pressure ulcer prevalence of 27.7% (including grade 1) was registered. Thirty-six patients (84%) had grade 1 ulcers, including many caused by external medical devices. Sixty-five per cent (n = 100) of all patients were considered at risk (Braden score < or = 20) of developing a pressure ulcer. Thirty-five per cent of patients in the risk group were afflicted with one or more pressure ulcers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of pressure ulcers in paediatric patients is greater then previously appreciated and the problem requires further exploration. The high percentage of grade 1 pressure ulcers caused by medical devices requires nursing interventions to prevent lesions for these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence rate in paediatric patients is disconcerting and requires further exploration in terms of interventions needed to improve outcomes for this patient group.
authors.affiliation: Children's University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. b.schluer@bluewin.ch
authors.forename: Anna-Barbara
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Schlüer
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cignacco
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Ruud J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Halfens
mesh_terms: D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment