title: Pituitary apoplexy following endoscopic sinus surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To highlight the possibility of pituitary apoplexy after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for elimination of sinonasal infection, an important preparatory step for safe trans-sphenoidal access to the pituitary fossa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 67-year-old man with a known pituitary macroadenoma developed headache, diplopia and reduced vision after endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy and ethmoidectomy for rhinosinusitis with polyps. Magnetic resonance imaging showed pituitary haemorrhage. The patient underwent emergency endoscopic trans-sphenoidal resection of the tumour, with significant symptomatic improvement. Despite mild right eyelid ptosis and persistent diabetes insipidus, the patient resumed normal activities in a few weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pituitary apoplexy after a nasal operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pituitary apoplexy is a rare and potentially life-threatening event in high risk patients with pituitary adenomas; it may occur spontaneously or after surgical procedures. Early, combined surgical intervention by rhinologists and neurosurgeons is recommended. The endoscopic trans-sphenoidal approach is a safe and effective technique for the acute management of pituitary apoplexy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. drfirbas@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fyrmpas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Constantinidis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foroglou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Selviaridis
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology; D004724:Endoscopy; D015521:Ethmoid Sinusitis / Q000601:surgery*; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010899:Pituitary Apoplexy / Q000209:etiology*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011127:Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology