title: c-Jun regulates phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 transcription: implication for Akt and protein kinase C activities and melanoma tumorigenesis.
abstract: Mutations in N-RAS and B-RAF, which commonly occur in melanomas, result in constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling. Active ERK increases expression and activity of the c-Jun transcription factor, linking ERK and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) cascades. Here, we show that c-Jun regulates transcription of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) with a concomitant impact on Akt and protein kinase C (PKC) activity and related substrates. Inhibition of c-Jun reduces PDK1 expression and attenuates Akt and PKC activity, which can be restored by exogenous PDK1. c-Jun regulation of PDK1 in melanoma contributes to growth rate and the ability to form tumors in mice. Correspondingly, increased levels of c-Jun in melanoma cell lines coincide with up-regulation of PDK1 and phosphorylation of PKC and Akt. The identification of c-Jun as a transcriptional regulator of PDK1 expression highlights key mechanisms underlying c-Jun oncogenic activity, and provides new insight into the nature of up-regulated Akt and PKC in melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Signal Transduction Program, The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lopez-Bergami
authors.forename: Hyungsoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Antimone
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dewing
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goydos
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aaronson
authors.forename: Ze'ev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ronai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: C000631429:PDK1 protein, human; C000631433:Pdk1 protein, mouse; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases