title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, an immunomodulatory protein, is suppressed by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate via blocking of gamma-interferon-induced JAK-PKC-delta-STAT1 signaling in human oral cancer cells.
abstract: Immune escape is a characteristic of cancer progression, but its underlying molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. An immunomodulatory protein, indoleamide 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), is induced by gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) in several immune cells; those cells are observed in cancer cell microenvironment and can enhance immune escape. Previous studies show that IDO is expressed in the process of tumor formation and associated with cancer cell immune tolerance. By locally degrading tryptophan, IDO inhibits the proliferation of T lymphocytes and induces T cell apoptosis, leading to suppression of T cell response. In this study, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major constituent of green tea, is found to significantly inhibit the expression of IDO in human oral cancer cell lines. EGCG suppresses the induction of IDO at transcriptional level. Activation of STAT1 is discovered to play an important role in regulating IDO expression by IFN-gamma. The study results demonstrate that EGCG can inhibit translocation of STAT1 into nucleus in IFN-gamma-stimulated human oral cancer cells. In addition, both tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of STAT1 are revealed to be suppressed by EGCG. Moreover, phosphorylation of PKC-delta, JAK-1, and JAK-2, which are the upstream event for the activation of STAT1, are also inhibited by EGCG in IFN-gamma-stimulated human oral cancer cells. These data show that EGCG inhibited IDO expression by blocking the IFN-gamma-induced JAK-PKC-delta-STAT1 signaling pathway. This study indicates that EGCG is a potential drug for immune and target therapy to enhance cancer therapy by increasing antitumor immunity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chieh-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Po-Chuen
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Shieh
authors.forename: Ying-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yi-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Huei
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Daih-Huang
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Jah-Yao
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jung-Yie
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Ming-Ching
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Tzong-Der
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Way
mesh_terms: D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D053612:Janus Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D053612:Janus Kinases; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta