title: Salvage high-intensity focused ultrasound for biopsy-confirmed local recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present experience in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) used as a salvage therapy for biopsy-confirmed local recurrence at the vesico-urethral anastomosis after radical prostatectomy (RP).
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2006, four patients diagnosed with prostate cancer recurrence after RP were treated with HIFU, with or without salvage radiotherapy, using the Sonablate 500 (Focus Surgery, IN, USA). Biochemical failure was defined as in increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of >0.2 ng/mL. No patients received any adjuvant therapy after HIFU therapy before reporting failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age and initial PSA level before RP was 74 years and 10.0 ng/mL, respectively. After RP, one patient was stage T2aN0M0, two were stage T3N0M0 and the last had an unknown pathological stage. Three patients received external beam radiotherapy as salvage therapy after RP. The mean PSA level before HIFU, tumour volume at the vesico-urethral lesion and operative duration were 4.3 ng/mL, 4.6 mL and 27 min, respectively. Adenocarcinomas were confirmed by biopsy of the tumour at the vesico-urethral anastomotic lesion before HIFU. At 24 months of follow-up, patients 2 and 4 were classified a biochemically disease-free. Biopsies at the anastomotic site after HIFU in three patients showed no malignancy, with fibrosis. There were no complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salvage HIFU for patients with recurrence after RP is feasible, even though they received salvage radiotherapy before HIFU. More patients and a longer follow-up are needed to evaluate the safety and oncological adequacy of this new approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murota-Kawano
authors.forename: Mayura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Toyoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D036761:Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal / Q000379:methods*