title: Quantitative F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography accurately characterizes peripheral nerve sheath tumors as malignant or benign.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Correct pretreatment classification is critical for optimizing diagnosis and treatment of patients with peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) can differentiate malignant (MPNST) from benign PNSTs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four adult patients presenting with PNST who underwent a presurgical FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) scan between February 2005 and November 2008 were included in the study. Tumors were characterized histologically, by FDG maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max) [g/mL]), and by CT size (tumor maximal diameter [cm]). The accuracy of FDG PET for differentiating MPNSTs from benign PNSTs (neurofibroma and schwannoma) was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SUV(max) was measured in 34 patients with 40 tumors (MPNSTs: n = 17; neurofibromas: n = 9; schwannomas: n = 14). SUV(max) was significantly higher in MPNST compared with benign PNST (12.0 +/- 7.1 vs 3.4 +/- 1.8; P < .001). An SUV(max) cutoff point of > or =6.1 separated MPNSTs from BPSNTs with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 91% (P < .001). By ROC curve analysis, SUV(max) reliably differentiated between benign and malignant PNSTs (area under the ROC curve of 0.97). Interestingly, the difference between MPNSTs and schwannomas was less prominent than that between MPNSTs and neurofibromas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative FDG PET imaging distinguished between MPNSTs and neurofibromas with high accuracy. In contrast, MPNSTs and schwannomas were less reliably distinguished. Given the difficulties in clinically evaluating PNST and in distinguishing benign PNST from MPNST, FDG PET imaging should be used for diagnostic intervention planning and for optimizing treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1782, USA.
authors.forename: Matthias R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Benz
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czernin
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dry
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Tap
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Allen-Auerbach
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elashoff
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: Wolfgang A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Fritz C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Eilber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018317:Nerve Sheath Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D009455:Neurofibroma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18