title: Recognition and killing of brain tumor stem-like initiating cells by CD8+ cytolytic T cells.
abstract: Solid tumors contain a subset of stem-like cells that are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy/radiotherapy, but their susceptibility to cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector mechanisms has not been well characterized. Using a panel of early-passage human brain tumor stem/initiating cell (BTSC) lines derived from high-grade gliomas, we show that BTSCs are subject to immunologic recognition and elimination by CD8(+) CTLs. Compared with serum-differentiated CD133(low) tumor cells and established glioma cell lines, BTSCs are equivalent with respect to expression levels of HLA class I and ICAM-1, similar in their ability to trigger degranulation and cytokine synthesis by antigen-specific CTLs, and equally susceptible to perforin-dependent CTL-mediated cytolysis. BTSCs are also competent in the processing and presentation of antigens as evidenced by the killing of these cells by CTL when antigen is endogenously expressed. Moreover, we show that CTLs can eliminate all BTSCs with tumor-initiating activity in an antigen-specific manner in vivo. Current models predict that curative therapies for many cancers will require the elimination of the stem/initiating population, and these studies lay the foundation for developing immunotherapeutic approaches to eradicate this tumor population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics, Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA.
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Apuzzo
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Todorov
authors.forename: Chu-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Badie
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hudecek
authors.forename: Stanley R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Riddell
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005910:Glioma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D006023:Glycoproteins; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; C000606024:Prom1 protein, mouse