title: H2S ameliorates oxidative and proteolytic stresses and protects the heart against adverse remodeling in chronic heart failure.
abstract: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) generate nitrotyrosine and activate latent resident myocardial matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Although in chronic heart failure (CHF) there is robust increase in ROS, RNS, and MMP activation, recent data suggest that hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S, a strong antioxidant gas) is cardioprotective. However, the role of H(2)S in mitigating oxidative and proteolytic stresses in cardiac remodeling/apoptosis in CHF was unclear. To test the hypothesis that H(2)S ameliorated cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis by decreasing oxidative and proteolytic stresses, arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was created in wild-type (C57BL/6J) mice. The hearts were analyzed at 0, 2, and 6 wk after AVF. To reverse the remodeling, AVF mice were treated with NaHS (an H(2)S donor, 30 micromol/l in drinking water) at 8 and 10 wk. The levels of MMPs were measured by gelatin-gel zymography. The levels of nitrotyrosine, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs), beta(1)-integrin, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-12 (ADAM-12) were analyzed by Western blots. The levels of pericapillary and interstitial fibrosis were identified by Masson trichrome stains. The levels of apoptosis were measured by identifying the TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and caspase-3 levels. The results suggested robust nitrotyrosine and MMP activation at 2 and 6 wk of AVF. The treatment with H(2)S donor mitigated nitrotyrosine generation and MMP activation (i.e., oxidative and proteolytic stresses). The levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 were increased and TIMP-4 decreased in AVF hearts. The treatment with H(2)S donor reversed this change in TIMPs levels. The levels of ADAM-12, apoptosis, and fibrosis were robust and integrin were decreased in AVF hearts. The treatment with H(2)S donor attenuated the fibrosis, apoptosis, and decrease in integrin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Paras K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Neetu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: Utpal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Srikanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Givvimani
authors.forename: Suresh C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tyagi
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000072199:ADAM12 Protein; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019012:Integrin beta1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D013440:Sulfides; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072199:ADAM12 Protein; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C025451:sodium bisulfide; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide