title: Gestational exposure to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos alters social-emotional behaviour and impairs responsiveness to the serotonin transporter inhibitor fluvoxamine in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The organophosphate chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a pesticide largely used worldwide. Studies from animal models indicate that CPF exposure during development at low doses can target different neurotransmitter systems in the absence of overt cholinergic effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Late gestational exposure (gestational days 14-17) to CPF at the dose of 6 mg/kg was evaluated in CD-1 mice at adulthood. Neurobehavioural effects likely involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) transmission were assessed both in males and females, through the light-dark exploration test to assess CPF effects on anxiety profiles and the forced swimming test to evaluate the response to the 5HT transporter (5HTT) inhibitor fluvoxamine (30 mg/kg). In females only, we evaluated the effects of gestational exposure to CPF on maternal aggression, under basal condition or after injection of fluvoxamine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gestational CPF exposure increased anxiety levels only in female mice, as shown by the augmented thigmotaxis behaviour and the lower latency to enter in the dark compartment. In the forced swimming test, no differences between CPF and control mice were found when assessed under basal condition (saline administration), but both male and female CPF mice missed to show the typical behavioural effects of the 5HTT inhibitor fluvoxamine. During maternal aggression, CPF females showed lower propensity to and intensity of aggressive behaviour, together with mild decreased responsiveness to fluvoxamine administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the present results confirm a specific and sex-dependent vulnerability of affective/emotional domains to developmental CPF exposure. Furthermore, data provide clear indication on the disrupting effects of prenatal CPF on serotoninergic transmission.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurotoxicology and Neuroendocrinology, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy. aldina.venerosi@iss.it
authors.forename: Aldina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venerosi
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ricceri
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rungi
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sanghez
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calamandrei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D016666:Fluvoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D016666:Fluvoxamine; D007306:Insecticides; D012701:Serotonin; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors