title: Laser-guided repair of complex bile duct strictures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The repair of bile duct strictures (BDS) requires identification of healthy bile duct proximal to the stenosis. Identification may be difficult in complex bile duct injuries after cholecystectomy or partial liver resection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We describe a technique to identify the prestenotic bile duct using the sentinel light of a laser fiber passed through the catheter after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients were seen with hepatic duct or segmental BDS after (extended) right hemihepatectomy (4), cholecystectomy (2) or previous hepaticojejunostomy (1). All patients underwent preoperative PTD for imaging of stricture site and drainage. During operation for repair, a laser fiber (0.2-0.6 mm) connected to a (low-power) red light-emitting diode laser was passed through the PTD catheter into the proximal end of the stricture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 6 patients, the prestenotic bile duct was identified and exposed with the aid of the sentinel light of the laser fiber. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was carried out in all patients. Postoperative cholangiographies showed complete restoration of biliary continuity. In one patient, positioning of the laser fiber failed because of angulation of the PTD catheter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laser-guided identification of prestenotic bile duct facilitates exposure of the stricture site without unnecessary and usually difficult dissection in complex postoperative BDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. t.m.vangulik@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Gulik
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beek
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Reuver
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: van Delden
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gouma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y / Q000379:methods*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D002758:Cholangiography; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007583:Jejunum / Q000601:surgery; D007834:Lasers; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult