title: When the heart is burning: amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as an early marker of cardiac involvement in active autoimmune rheumatic disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the influence of inflammation on cardiac endocrine function in autoimmune rheumatic disease (RD) patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function.
  
  
  METHODS
  160 consecutive RD patients (29 males, age 55 ± 14 years, left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF, 63 ± 5%: inflammatory polyarthritis: 13%, systemic sclerosis: 25%, connective tissue diseases: 39%, systemic vasculitides: 23%) and 120 healthy controls (24 males, 55 ± 10 years) underwent clinical, echocardiographic evaluation and blood sampling for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and plasma NT-proBNP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant correlation was found between plasma NT-proBNP and inflammatory markers (all p<0.001), with CRP and diastolic dysfunction being the only independent predictors of NT-proBNP level. RD patients with active disease (57%) showed higher values of inflammatory markers and NT-proBNP (all p<0.01). Patients with subclinical cardiac involvement (Stage B by ACC/AHA HF-classification) had higher NT-proBNP (p<0.001) than controls and patients only at risk for HF (Stage A). NT-proBNP showed a significant diagnostic accuracy in discriminating stage B (n=93) versus stage A patients (n=67, AUC=0.755 ± 0.038, p<0.001) and controls (AUC=0.834 ± 0.030, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher CRP and the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were independently associated with higher NT-proBNP. NT-proBNP might be used in RD as a marker of both disease activity and subclinical cardiac involvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, G. Monasterio Foundation, CNR - Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy; Scuola Superiore S. Anna, Pisa, Italy. alberto.giannoni@gmail.com
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannoni
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clerico
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Passino
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavoni
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: d'Ascanio
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bombardieri
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emdin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C480579:amino-terminal pro-C-type natriuretic peptide, human; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein