title: Recurrent and refractory giant cell tumor of the jaw.
abstract: Recurrent giant cell tumors refractory to various treatment modalities are challenging dilemmas for the most experienced practitioner. We report a case of a multiply recurrent aggressive giant cell tumor diagnosed at 10 months of age with extensive involvement of the maxillae and mandibles unresponsive to multiple therapeutic modalities. The various treatments attempted in this patient including conventional therapies as well as the original use of bevacizumab (Avastin) are described.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA.
authors.forename: Millicent O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Rovelo
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mascarenhas
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hammoudeh
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Urata
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D004164:Diphosphonates; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000150:complications; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D005870:Giant Cell Tumors / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007573:Jaw Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010166:Palliative Care; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000068258:Bevacizumab