title: Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures in pain medicine: a review of anatomy, sonoanatomy, and procedures: part I: nonaxial structures.
abstract: Application of ultrasound in pain medicine is a rapidly growing medical field in interventional pain management. Ultrasound provides direct visualization of various soft tissues and real-time needle advancement and avoids exposing both the health care provider and the patient to the risks of radiation. The machine itself is more affordable than a fluoroscope, computed tomography scan, or magnetic resonance imaging machine. In the present review, we discuss the challenges and limitations of ultrasound-guided procedures for pain management, anatomy, and sonoanatomy of selected pain management procedures and the literature on those selected procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philip.peng@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Philip W H
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narouze
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D009407:Nerve Block; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics