title: Thiazolidinediones reduce pathological neovascularization in ischemic retina via an adiponectin-dependent mechanism.
abstract: Background- The insulin-sensitizing agents referred to as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) possess antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory actions that contribute to protection against diabetic macrovascular complications. However, little is known about the effects of TZDs on retinal microvessel disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether TZDs modulate retinal vessel formation in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neonatal mice were subjected to ischemia-induced retinopathy to produce pathological neovascular tuft formation. Pioglitazone, 10 mg/kg per day, rosiglitazone, 10 mg/kg per day, or vehicle was given by gavage once a day from postnatal day 7 to postnatal day 17. Systemic treatment of wild-type (WT) mice with TZDs led to a significant decrease in pathological retinal neovascularization during ischemia compared with vehicle treatment, which was accompanied by increased plasma levels of the fat-derived hormone adiponectin (APN). In contrast to WT mice, TZDs had no effects on ischemia-induced pathological retinal vessel formation in APN-knockout (KO) mice. Pioglitazone reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha expression in ischemic retina in WT mice but not in APN-KO mice. Furthermore, pioglitazone increased plasma APN levels in TNF-alpha-KO mice but did not affect ischemia-induced pathological retinal neovascularization in this strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that TZDs attenuate pathological retinal microvessel formation through APN-mediated modulation of TNF-alpha production.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cardiology/Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St, W611, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Saki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sono-Romanelli
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ouchi
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C499919:Adipoq protein, mouse; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000077205:Pioglitazone