title: Predictors of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the frequency, risk factors, and impact on functional outcome and quality of life (QOL) of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated global cognitive status 3 and 12 months after hospitalization with the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status in 232 subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors. Cognitive impairment was defined as a score of 30 or less (scaled 0 = worst, 51 = best). Logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for impairment at 1 year. Basic activities of daily living were evaluated with the Barthel Index, instrumental activities of daily living were assessed with the Lawton scale, and QOL was evaluated with the Sickness Impact Profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of cognitive impairment was 27% at 3 months and 21% at 12 months. After the effects of age, education, and race/ethnicity were controlled for, risk factors for cognitive impairment at 12 months included anemia treated with transfusion (AOR, 3.4; P = 0.006), any temperature level higher than 38.6 degrees C (AOR, 2.7; P = 0.016), and delayed cerebral ischemia (AOR, 3.6; P = 0.01). Among cognitively impaired patients at 3 months, improvement at 1 year occurred in 34% and was associated with more than 12 years of education and the absence of fever higher than 38.6 degrees C during hospitalization (P = 0.015). Patients with cognitive impairment at 1 year had worse concurrent QOL and less ability to perform instrumental and basic activities of daily living (all P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Global cognitive impairment affects more than 20% of subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors at 1 year, is predicted by fever, anemia treated with transfusion, and delayed cerebral ischemia, and adversely affects functional recovery and QOL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Mellanie V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Katja E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wartenberg
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frontera
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Badjatia
authors.forename: Stephan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology