title: Extended superciliary approach for middle cerebral artery embolectomy after unsuccessful endovascular recanalization therapy: technical note.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although an intra-arterial mechanical embolectomy extends the therapeutic time window for restoration of the cerebral blood flow, its suboptimal recanalization rate also necessitates a salvage procedure if the patient is still within the therapeutic time window. As such, a surgical embolectomy can be performed in a rapid and less invasive manner for an acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. The technical details of this procedure are discussed and demonstrated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients with an acute MCA occlusion were treated using a novel surgical embolectomy technique after unsuccessful intra-arterial mechanical recanalization therapy. Unique to the proposed surgical technique are a laterally extended superciliary approach, small (3-mm) arteriotomy, and closure of the arteriotomy using an aneurysm clip after removal of the intravascular embolus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occluded MCAs were successfully recanalized using the present technique, and the operative time from skin incision to recanalization was 1 to 1.5 hours in each patient. One to 3 arteriotomies were made in each patient. Six of the 8 arteriotomies in the present series were closed using an aneurysm clip, whereas the other 2 arteriotomies were repaired using microsutures. Postoperative angiograms demonstrated patent MCAs without remarkable clip-induced stenosis. The successful recanalization provided considerable neurological improvement in all patients without procedural complications, except for 1 patient with a fatal putaminal hemorrhage resulting from a reperfusion injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A laterally extended superciliary approach and clip application for arteriotomy closure enable a surgical embolectomy to become a rapid and less invasive procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea. jparkmd@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jaechan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yang-Ha
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Yongsun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017128:Embolectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator