title: Randomized trial and pharmacokinetic study of pegfilgrastim versus filgrastim after dose-intensive chemotherapy in young adults and children with sarcomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of a single dose of pegfilgrastim to daily filgrastim in children and young adults with sarcomas treated with dose-intensive combination chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive a single dose of 100 mcg/kg of pegfilgrastim s.c. or 5 mcg/kg/day of filgrastim s.c., daily until neutrophil recovery after two treatment cycles with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (VDC) and two cycles of etoposide and ifosfamide (IE). The duration of severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count, < or =500/mcL) during cycles 1 to 4 and cycle duration for all cycles were compared. Pharmacokinetics of pegfilgrastim and filgrastim and CD34+ stem cell mobilization were studied on cycle 1. Growth factor-related toxicity, transfusions, and episodes of fever and neutropenia and infections were collected for cycles 1 to 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four patients (median age, 20 years; range 3.8-25.8) were enrolled, and 32 completed cycles 1 to 4. The median (range) duration of absolute neutrophil count of <500/mcL was 5.5 (3-8) days for pegfilgrastim and 6 (0-9) days for filgrastim (P = 0.76) after VDC, and 1.5 (0-4) days for pegfilgrastim and 3.75 (0-6.5) days for filgrastim (P = 0.11) after IE. More episodes of febrile neutropenia and documented infections occurred on the filgrastim arm. Serum pegfilgrastim concentrations were highly variable. Pegfilgrastim apparent clearance (11 mL/h/kg) was similar to that reported in adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single dose per cycle of pegfilgrastim was well tolerated and may be as effective as daily filgrastim based on the duration of severe neutropenia and number of episodes of febrile neutropenia and documented infections after dose-intensive treatment with VDC and IE.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. foxb@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Brigitte C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Widemann
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Nalini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jayaprakash
authors.forename: Ramzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dagher
authors.forename: Alberta A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aikin
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Crystal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mackall
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Helman
authors.forename: Seth M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Balis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D000069585:Filgrastim; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; C455861:pegfilgrastim; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D000069585:Filgrastim