title: [Inflammasomes in viral infection].
abstract: The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are a family of intracellular sensors of microbial motifs and damage-associated signals that have emerged as being a crucial component of the innate immune responses and inflammation. The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex, which include NLRs, their adaptor proteins and pro-caspase-1, that stimulates caspase-1 activation to promote the processing and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-18 and IL-33, as well as "pyroptosis", a form cell death induced by bacterial pathogens. Among the various inflammasomes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is triggered by diverse set of molecules and signals. Recent reports indicate that infection by certain viruses also results in inflammasome activation. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanism by which various stimuli activate inflammasomes. Further, we discuss the role of inflammasomes in the induction of adaptive immunity against influenza virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S655B New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA takeshi.ichinohe@yale.edu
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinohe
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002401:Cathepsin B; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008247:Lysosomes; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C453881:NLRP3 protein, human; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002401:Cathepsin B; D020170:Caspase 1