title: Conservative management of diabetic forefoot ulceration complicated by underlying osteomyelitis: the benefits of magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess efficacy of conservative management of neuropathic forefoot ulcers with underlying osteomyelitis in subjects with diabetes when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to confirm or establish diagnosis and to guide antibiotic duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study over 6 years assessing rates of ulcer healing, relapse and amputation. Antibiotics were continued for 3-month cycles with interval MRI: if the lesion had healed and bone signal change resolved or improved, antibiotics were discontinued; if the lesion had not healed or there was no difference in bone signal change, antibiotics were continued for a further 3-month cycle; clinical or radiological deterioration resulted in endoluminal or open vascular surgical intervention where appropriate, or digital or more proximal amputation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 53 episodes in 47 subjects (mean +/- sd age 62 +/- 13 years, duration of diabetes 19 +/- 13 years, glycated haemoglobin 8.4 +/- 1.6%; six with Type 1 diabetes and seven with end-stage renal failure). Successful healing without relapse was achieved in 40 episodes (75%) [median (range) duration of antibiotics 6 (3-12) months and follow-up post-cessation of antibiotics 15 (3-58) months]. Relapse occurred in six episodes (13%) at 31 (2-38) months post-cessation of antibiotics. There were one major (2%) and eight minor (15%) amputations. Five subjects have died (11%), all without foot ulcers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High rates of healing and low rates of amputation were achieved. The use of MRI was associated with long courses of antibiotics, but particularly low relapse rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. jonathan.valabhji@imperial.nhs.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valabhji
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samarasinghe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mali
authors.forename: R G J
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: W M W
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Gedroyc
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005545:Forefoot, Human; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents