title: Evaluation of cellular phone technology with digital hearing aid features: effects of encoding and individualized amplification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare multichannel amplification within a cellular phone system to a standard cellular phone response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cellular phone speech-encoding strategies were evaluated: a narrow-band (3.5 kHz upper cutoff) enhanced variable-rate coder (EVRC), a narrow-band selectable mode vocoder (SMV), and a wide-band SMV (7.5 kHz cutoff). Because the SMV encoding strategies are not yet available on phones, the processing was simulated using a computer. Individualized-amplification settings were created using NAL-NL1 (National Acoustic Laboratories--Non-linear 1) targets. Overall gain was set at preferred listening levels for both the individualized-amplification setting and the standard cellular phone setting for each of the three encoders. Phoneme-recognition scores and subjective ratings (listening effort, overall quality) were obtained in quiet and in noise. Stimuli were played from loudspeakers in one room, picked up by a microphone connected to a (transmitting) computer, and sent over the Internet to a receiving computer in an adjacent room, where the signal was amplified and delivered monaurally.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen participants with hearing loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phoneme scores and subjective ratings were significantly higher for the individualized-amplification setting than for the standard setting in both quiet and noise. There were no significant differences among the cellular phone encoding strategies for any measure.
authors.affiliation: San Diego State University, School of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, 5500 Campanile Dr., MC-1518, San Diego, CA 92182-1518, USA. cmackers@mail.sdsu.edu
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mackersie
authors.forename: Yingyong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boothroyd
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Conrad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D040421:Cell Phone; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013067:Speech Perception