title: Vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Periodontal disease is one of the major problems encountered in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and vascular changes may contribute to periodontitis. Our aim was to investigate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) in patients with periodontitis with and without DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical detection of VEGF and MVD analysis, evaluated by CD34+ endothelial cell counts, were performed in 66 gingival samples from patients with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis who were divided into three groups: 22 participants without systemic diseases (controls), 22 participants with type 1 DM (T1DM), and 22 participants with type 2 DM (T2DM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with T1DM or T2DM, positive VEGF cells were found to be significantly increased in the epithelium compared to controls. In patients with T1DM, endothelial VEGF expression and MVD were significantly greater than in patients with T2DM and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with diabetes, VEGF overexpression plays a primary role in promoting the extravasation of inflammatory cells, suggesting a useful antiangiogenic strategy for periodontitis treatment. The decreased endothelial VEGF expression and MVD found in patients with T2DM may be caused by insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, which are often present in patients with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Department of Clinical and Dental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Torrette, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone Domenico
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Aspriello
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zizzi
authors.forename: Guendalina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lucarini
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubini
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Faloia
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boscaro
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tirabassi
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piemontese
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000473:pathology; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D002452:Cell Count; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000473:pathology*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000473:pathology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000473:pathology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A