title: Antimicrobial resistance of heterotrophic marine bacteria isolated from seawater and sands of recreational beaches with different organic pollution levels in southeastern Brazil: evidences of resistance dissemination.
abstract: Antimicrobial resistance of marine heterotrophic bacteria to different antimicrobials agents were evaluated in seawater, dry and wet sands from three marine recreational beaches with different pollution levels. In all studied beaches, the greatest frequencies of resistance were found in relation to penicillin. On Gonzaguinha, the most polluted beach, 72.3% of all isolated strains showed simple resistance, whilst 8.33% had multiple resistance. The values found on Ilha Porchat beach, were 70.8% and 6.9% for simple and multiple resistances, respectively. On Guaraú, the less polluted beach, only 35.3% of isolated strains had simple resistance. Multiple resistance was not observed. While samples from Gonzaguinha and Ilha Porchat beach showed isolated strains resistant to seven and six different antimicrobial agents, respectively, samples from Guaraú beach were resistant only to penicillin and erytromicin. The positive correlations obtained between the degree of seawater contamination and frequency and variability of bacterial resistance indicate that polluted marine recreational waters and sands are sources of resistant bacteria contributing thus, to the dissemination of bacterial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, SP, Brazil. ajuliaf@clp.unesp.br
authors.forename: Ana Julia
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fernandes Cardoso de Oliveira
authors.forename: Paula Thais
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Ranzani de França
authors.forename: Aline Bartelochi
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pinto
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001493:Bathing Beaches; D001938:Brazil; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052836:Heterotrophic Processes; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014873:Water Pollutants; D012822:Silicon Dioxide