title: Factors indicative of long-term survival after lung transplantation: a review of 836 10-year survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite 20 years of lung transplantation (LTx), factors influencing long-term survival remain largely unknown. The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) data set provides an opportunity to examine long-term LTx survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case-control study embedded within the prospectively collected UNOS LTx cohort to identify 836 adults from 1987 to 1997 who survived >or=10 years after first LTx. LTx patients within the same era and surviving 1 to 5 years served as controls. Multivariable logistic regression with incorporation of spline terms evaluated the odds of being a 10-year survivor. Two separate models were constructed. Model A incorporated pre-operative, operative, and donor-specific factors. Model B incorporated the factors used in Model A with post-operative covariates. Additional outcomes evaluated included hospitalizations for infection, rejection, and bronchiolitis obliterans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 4,818 LTx patients from 1987 to 1997, 836 (17.3%) survived >or=10 years with a mean follow-up of 148.8 +/- 21.6 months. Mean follow-up for 1,657 controls was 34.0 +/- 13.9 months. The distribution of 10-year survivors by disease was cystic fibrosis, 170 (20%); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 254 (30%); and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 92 (11%). On multivariable logistic regression, significant factors influencing 10-year survival included age <or=35 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.11; p = 0.01), bilateral LTx (OR. 1.71; 95% CI, 1.25-2.34; p = 0.001), and hospitalizations for infections (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27-1.54; p < 0.001) and for rejection (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.48-0.65; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Examination of a cohort of long-term LTx survivors in the UNOS data set indicates that bilateral LTx and fewer hospitalizations for rejection may portend improved long-term survival after LTx.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Jeremiah G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Merlo
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: Ashish S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000401:mortality / Q000639:trends*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012042:Registries; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017741:Survivors