title: Influence of CTLA-4/CD28/ICOS gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to cervical squamous cell carcinoma and stage of differentiation in the Polish population.
abstract: Abnormal expressions of the costimulatory molecules CD28, "inducible co-stimulator" (ICOS), and inhibitory molecule cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) lead to disturbances of immune response and entail an increased risk of cancer. This study was undertaken to evaluate the association between the polymorphisms CTLA-4c.49A>G, CTLA-4g.319C>T, CTLA-4g.*642AT(8_33), CTLA-4g.*6230G>A (CT60), CD28c.17+3T>C, and ICOSc.1554+4GT(8_15), and susceptibility to CSCC. The association between CTLA-4g.319C>T[T] allele and [TT+CT] genotype and susceptibility to CSCC was observed (OR = 1.99, p = 0.003, and OR = 2.07, p = 0.005, respectively). The CTLA-4g.319C>T[T] allele and [TT+CT] genotype increased the risk of well-differentiated CSCC by a factor of 3.84 and 4.44 (p = 0.00001, and p = 0.00001, respectively). In patients with moderately differentiated CSCC, a trend toward increased frequency of CTLA-4g.319C>T[T] allele and CTLA-4g.319C>T[TT+CT] genotype was noticed (OR = 1.68, p = 0.09, and OR = 1.75, p = 0.09, respectively), whereas in low differentiated CSCC such relation was not observed. Both CTLA-4g.*642AT(8_33) [(AT)(8)]/[(AT)(8)] homozygote and [(AT)(8)] allele were overrepresented in CSCC patients in comparison with healthy women (p = 0.004, OR = 1.93, and p = 0.03, OR = 1.41, respectively) but this polymorphism was not related to histologic grade of tumor. CD28c.17+3T>C polymorphism was not associated with susceptibility to CSCC in whole group of patients, but CD28c.17+3T>C[C] allele and CD28c.17+3T>C[CC+TC] genotype were more frequently observed among well differentiated CSCC patients compared with controls (OR = 1.89, p = 0.05, and OR = 2.05, p = 0.05, respectively). Other studied polymorphisms were not associated with susceptibility to CSCC and with histologic grade of CSCC. Our results suggest that the CTLA-4 gene is susceptibility gene to CSCC especially to well-differentiated tumor, while association between CD28 gene polymorphism and disease is restricted only to the well-differentiated CSCC.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland. epawlak@iitd.pan.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karabon
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wlodarska-Polinska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jedynak
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jonkisz
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomkiewicz
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kornafel
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stepien
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ignatowicz
authors.forename: Arleta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lebioda
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dobosz
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Frydecka
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000235:genetics*; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011044:Poland; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C556692:ICOS protein, human; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein