title: The international prevalence, epidemiology, and clinical phenomenology of Tourette syndrome: a cross-cultural perspective.
abstract: The overall international prevalence of Tourette syndrome (TS) is 1% in the majority of cultures of the world. Both TS and tics are certainly more obvious and may be more common in younger people. Moreover, TS is seen less frequently in some cultures. However, in all cultures where it has been reported, the phenomenology is similar, highlighting the biological underpinnings of the disorder. This article reviews the international prevalence, epidemiology, and clinical phenomenology of TS, from a cross-cultural perspective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health Sciences, UCL, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mary May
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Valsamma
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eapen
authors.forename: Andrea Eugenio
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Cavanna
mesh_terms: D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D020323:Tics / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*