title: Technical advances in rhinologic basic science research.
abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the single most common self-reported chronic health condition in the United States and is estimated to affect 16% of the adult population annually. Despite the prevalence of this disease, there still exists an incomplete understanding of CRS pathophysiology. In this review, the authors highlight technological advances in rhinology: real-time polymerase chain reaction, epithelial cell culture, flow cytometry, genomics/single-nucleotide polymorphism detection, microarrays, and genetic/nongenetic animal models of sinusitis. The purpose of this review is to describe these methodologies and their contributions toward achieving a better understanding of CRS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, 6th Floor, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Murugappan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: Justin H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D035843:Biomedical Research; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000639:trends*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000503:physiopathology*