title: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy: intermediate survival results at a mean follow-up of 25 months.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the overall and disease-specific survival rates of patients undergoing robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) compared with historical open cystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survival, pathological and demographic data were collected on all patients undergoing RARC for bladder cancer from both Tulane University Medical Center and Mayo Clinic Arizona. Of a total of 80 RARCs we only included those with a follow-up of > or =6 months from surgery. Survival curves were compared with those from historical series of open cystectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 80 patients 59 were identified as having a follow-up of > or =6 months from the date of surgery. The mean (range) follow-up was 25 (6-49) months. Overall survival rates at 12 and 36 months were 82% and 69%, respectively, and disease-specific survival rates were 82% and 72% at 12 and 36 months, respectively. These results are comparable to survival rates from open cystectomy. As expected, patients with lymph node-positive disease fared worse than those with lymph node-negative disease. Patients with extravesical lymph node-negative disease (pT3, pT4) fared worse than patients with organ-confined lymph node-negative disease. Also, patients with lymph node-positive disease fared worse than those with extravesical lymph node-negative disease, which is consistent with historical results of open cystectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RARC has a comparable survival rate to open cystectomy in the intermediate follow-up. Further study with a longer follow-up and more patients is necessary to determine any long-term survival benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA. martin.aaron@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Aaron D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Rafael N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Nunez
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pacelli
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Raju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Erik P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Castle
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012371:Robotics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*