title: The T-cell-specific adapter protein family: TSAd, ALX, and SH2D4A/SH2D4B.
abstract: Adapter proteins play key roles in intracellular signal transduction through complex formation with catalytically active signaling molecules. In T lymphocytes, the role of several different types of adapter proteins in T-cell antigen receptor signal transduction is well established. An exception to this is the family of T-cell-specific adapter (TSAd) proteins comprising of TSAd, adapter protein of unknown function (ALX), SH2D4A, and SH2D4B. Only recently has the function of these adapters in T-cell signal transduction been explored. Here, we discuss advances in our understanding of the role of this family of adapter proteins in T cells. Their function as regulators of signal transduction in other cell types is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA.
authors.forename: Philip E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lapinski
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Jennifer N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bodie
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D055503:Protein Multimerization / Q000276:immunology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C509871:HSH2 protein, mouse; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C474507:SH2D4A protein, human; C550244:SH2D4B protein, human; C402726:Sh2d2a protein, mouse