title: Cinnamaldehyde in feedlot cattle diets: intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood metabolites.
abstract: Cinnamaldehyde (CIN), a natural chemical compound found in the bark of cinnamon trees, can alter rumen fermentation by inhibiting selected ruminal microbes, and consequently, may improve growth performance and feed efficiency of animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing the diet of feedlot cattle with CIN on intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood metabolites. Seventy yearling steers (BW = 390 +/- 25.2 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments: control (no additive), monensin (MO; 330 mg*steer(-1)*d(-1)), and 400, 800, or 1,600 mg of CIN*steer(-1)*d(-1). At the start of the experiment, steers were blocked according to BW and assigned to 14 blocks of 5 cattle, with cattle within block assigned to treatments. The diets consisted of 9% barley silage, 86% dry-rolled barley grain, and 5% supplement (DM basis). Dry matter intake responded quadratically (P = 0.03) to CIN supplementation with 13% more feed consumed for steers fed CIN (mean of 3 CIN levels) compared with those fed control during the first 28 d of the experiment, and with a tendency of 4% increase over the entire experiment. The ADG (kg/d) tended to respond quadratically (P = 0.08) to CIN supplementation during the first 28 d, but was not affected over the entire experiment (112 d). Feed efficiency (G:F) linearly declined (P = 0.03) during the first 28 d with CIN supplementation and was quadratically affected between d 29 to 56 and d 85 to 112 by CIN dose. Supplementation of MO did not affect (P > 0.15) DMI or growth performance at any time during the experiment. Serum NEFA concentrations were reduced (P = 0.05) by 35, 29, 30, and 22%, respectively, on d 56, 84, 112, and overall with CIN supplementation. Concentrations of serum amyloid A were reduced on d 28 by 56, 60, or 56% for 800 mg of CIN, 1,600 mg of CIN, and MO, respectively, compared with control. Plasma concentrations of lipopolysaccharide binding protein were linearly decreased (P = 0.05) with increasing CIN supplementation on d 28. Results indicate that supplementing a feedlot finishing diet with a small dose of CIN ameliorated feed intake during the initial month but had minimal effects on ADG, feed efficiency, and carcass traits over the entire experiment. Including CIN in the diet of feedlot cattle, particularly early in the feeding period, may help promote intake and reduce the effects of stress.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. wenzhu.yang@agr.gc.ca
authors.forename: W Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Ametaj
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benchaar
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Beauchemin
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005503:Food Additives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000171:Acrolein; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005503:Food Additives; D006242:Haptoglobins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein; C012843:cinnamaldehyde