title: Connective tissue reflex massage for type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease: randomized controlled trial.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of connective tissue massage to improve blood circulation and intermittent claudication symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken. Ninety-eight type 2 diabetes patients with stage I or II-a peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (Leriche-Fontaine classification) were randomly assigned to a massage group or to a placebo group treated using disconnected magnetotherapy equipment. Peripheral arterial circulation was determined by measuring differential segmental arterial pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, oxygen saturation and skin blood flow. Measurements were taken before and at 30 min, 6 months and 1 year after the 15-week treatment. After the 15-week program, the groups differed (P < .05) in differential segmental arterial pressure in right lower limb (lower one-third of thigh, upper and lower one-third of leg) and left lower limb (lower one-third of thigh and upper and lower one-third of leg). A significant difference (P < .05) was also observed in skin blood flow in digits 1 and 4 of right foot and digits 2, 4 and 5 of left foot. ANOVA results were significant (P < .05) for right and left foot oxygen saturation but not for heart rate and temperature. At 6 months and 1 year, the groups differed in differential segmental arterial pressure in upper third of left and right legs. Connective tissue massage improves blood circulation in the lower limbs of type 2 diabetic patients at stage I or II-a and may be useful to slow the progression of PAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing and Physical Therapy, University of Almeria, 04120 Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Adelaida María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Castro-Sánchez
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreno-Lorenzo
authors.forename: Guillermo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Matarán-Peñarrocha
authors.forename: Belen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feriche-Fernández-Castanys
authors.forename: Genoveva
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Granados-Gámez
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Quesada-Rubio