title: Mind the MIC: large variation among populations and methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is no consensus on the best method to determine the minimal important change (MIC) of patient-reported outcomes. Recent publications recommend the use of multiple methods. Our aim was to assess whether different methods lead to consistent values for the MIC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used two commonly used anchor-based methods and three commonly used distribution-based methods to determine the MIC of the subscales: pain and physical functioning of the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire in five different studies involving patients with hip or knee complaints. We repeated the anchor-based methods using relative change scores, to adjust for baseline scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found large variation in MIC values by the same method across studies and across different methods within studies. We consider it unlikely that this variation can be explained by differences between disease groups, disease severity, or lengths of follow-up. The variation persisted when using relative change scores. It was not possible to conclude whether this variation is because of true differences in MIC values between populations or to conceptual and methodological problems of the MIC methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To better disentangle these two possible explanations, the MIC methodology should be improved and standardized. In the meantime, caution is needed when interpreting and using published MIC values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. cb.terwee@vumc.nl <cb.terwee@vumc.nl>
authors.forename: Caroline B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Terwee
authors.forename: Leo D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Roorda
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: Sita M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bierma-Zeinstra
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peat
authors.forename: Kelvin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.forename: Henrica C W
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: de Vet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult