title: Are there sex differences in Fetal Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue (FAST) measurements?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if Fetal Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue (FAST) measurements using antenatal ultrasound differ between male and female fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who had an ultrasound examination for fetal growth between 20 and 40 weeks gestation were studied. Women with diabetes mellitus were excluded. The fetal anterior abdominal subcutaneous tissue was measured on the anterior abdominal wall in millimetres anterior to the margins of the ribs, using magnification at the level of the abdominal circumference. The fetal sex was recorded after delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 557 fetuses were measured, 290 male and 267 female. The FAST measurements increased with gestational age. The FAST increased at the same rate for both male and female fetuses and at any given week there was no sex difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased fat composition in females reported after birth was not found in abdominal wall subcutaneous fat measurements using ultrasound during pregnancy. Antenatal centile charts for FAST do not need to be based on sex.
authors.affiliation: UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland. nadine.farah@ucd.ie
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Farah
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harrold
authors.forename: Chro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fattah
authors.forename: Mairead
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kennelly
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal