title: Beverage-specific alcohol sale and suicide in Russia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The high suicide rate in Russia and its profound fluctuation over the past decades have attracted considerable interest. There is growing evidence that beverage preference and binge-drinking patterns, i.e., excessive consumption of strong spirits, results in a quicker and deeper level of intoxication, which increases the propensity for the alcohol-related suicide. In line with this evidence, we assumed that higher levels of vodka consumption, in conjunction with binge-drinking patterns, would result in a close, aggregate-level association between vodka sales and suicide in Russia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test this hypothesis, trends in beverage-specific alcohol sales per capita and suicide rates from 1970 to 2005 in Russia were analyzed employing ARIMA time-series analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the time-series analysis suggested that a 1 liter increase in overall alcohol sales would result in a 4% increase in the male suicide rate and a 2.8% increase in the female suicide rate; a 1 liter increase in vodka sales would increase the suicide rate by 9.3% for men and by 6% for women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study replicates previous findings from other settings, which suggest that suicide rates tend to be more responsive to changes in distilled spirits consumption per capita than to the total level of alcohol consumption. Assuming that drinking spirits is usually associated with intoxication episodes, these findings provide additional evidence that the drinking pattern is an important determinant in the relationship between alcohol and suicide. The outcomes of this study also provide support for the hypothesis that suicide and alcohol are closely connected in cultures where an intoxication-oriented drinking pattern prevails and adds to the growing body of evidence that alcohol plays a crucial role in the fluctuation in suicide mortality rates in Russia during recent decades.
authors.affiliation: Grodno State Medical University, Belarus. yury_razvodovsky@mail.ru
authors.forename: Y E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Razvodovsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000639:trends*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002423:Cause of Death; D003132:Commerce / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012922:Social Change; D013405:Suicide / Q000208:ethnology / Q000639:trends*; D000092864:Suicide Prevention