title: Context-dependent encoding in the human auditory brainstem relates to hearing speech in noise: implications for developmental dyslexia.
abstract: We examined context-dependent encoding of speech in children with and without developmental dyslexia by measuring auditory brainstem responses to a speech syllable presented in a repetitive or variable context. Typically developing children showed enhanced brainstem representation of features related to voice pitch in the repetitive context, relative to the variable context. In contrast, children with developmental dyslexia exhibited impairment in their ability to modify representation in predictable contexts. From a functional perspective, we found that the extent of context-dependent encoding in the auditory brainstem correlated positively with behavioral indices of speech perception in noise. The ability to sharpen representation of repeating elements is crucial to speech perception in noise, since it allows superior "tagging" of voice pitch, an important cue for segregating sound streams in background noise. The disruption of this mechanism contributes to a critical deficit in noise-exclusion, a hallmark symptom in developmental dyslexia.
authors.affiliation: Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Bharath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hornickel
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skoe
authors.forename: Trent
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nicol
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009622:Noise; D010470:Perceptual Masking / Q000502:physiology; D011932:Reading; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013060:Speech; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*