title: Pimavanserin, a serotonin(2A) receptor inverse agonist, for the treatment of parkinson's disease psychosis.
abstract: Psychotic symptoms occur in up to 40% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Clozapine and quetiapine, two atypical antipsychotic drugs, at doses markedly lower than those effective in schizophrenia, which, nevertheless, still cause sedation, hypotension, and other side effects, are widely used to treat psychotic symptoms in patients with PD psychosis (PDP), although quetiapine has never been shown to be effective in a placebo-controlled study. The demonstrated efficacy of clozapine in PDP has been attributed to serotonin (5-HT(2A)) receptor blockade. We postulated that pimavanserin (ACP-103), a highly selective 5-HT(2A) inverse agonist, would attenuate psychosis in patients with PDP, but avoid motoric worsening and non-motoric side effects. In this double-blind, randomized multicenter 28-day study, the tolerability and efficacy of pimavanserin was compared with placebo in 60 patients with L-DOPA or dopamine (DA) agonist-induced PDP. Motor function was evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Parts II and III. Antipsychotic efficacy was evaluated using multiple measures from the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and a UPDRS Part I psychosis-relevant item. Pimavanserin did not differentiate from placebo with regard to motor impairment, sedation, hypotension, or other side effects. The principal measures of efficacy of antipsychotic response to pimavanserin, the SAPS total domain score, only showed a trend. However, the pimavanserin-treated patients showed significantly greater improvement in some but not all measures of psychosis, including SAPS global measures of hallucinations and delusions, persecutory delusions, and the UPDRS measure of delusions and hallucinations. Pimavanserin showed significantly greater improvement in psychosis in patients with PDP at a dose which did not impair motor function, or cause sedation or hypotension Thus, pimavanserin may represent a novel treatment for PDP. Furthermore, these results support the hypothesis that attenuation of psychosis secondary to DA receptor stimulation in PDP may be achieved through selective 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville,TN 37212, USA. Herbert.meltzer@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Herbert Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Revell
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Daun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bahr
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D058826:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D058826:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D014508:Urea; C510793:pimavanserin