title: A 3D reconstruction of pancreas development in the human  embryos during embryonic period (Carnegie stages 15-23).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal in this paper was to rebuild a three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds, in the human embryos, at Carnegie stages 15-23.
  
  
  METHODS
  The early development of the pancreas is studied by tissue observation and reconstruction by a computer-assisted method, using a light micrograph images from consecutive serial sagittal sections (diameter 7 microm) of ten human embryos ranging from Carnegie stages 15-23, CRL 7-27 mm, fixed, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin, were stained alternately with haematoxylin-eosin or Heindenhain'Azan. The images were digitalized by Canon Camera 350 EOS D. The serial views were aligned automatically by software, manual alignment was performed, the data were analysed following segmentation and threshold.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two buds were clearly identified at stage 15. In stage 16, both pancreatic buds were in final position, and begin to merge in stage 17. From stage 18 to the stage 23, surrounding connective tissue differentiated. In the stage 23, the morphology of the pancreas was definitive. The superior portion of the anterior face of the pancreas's head was arising from the dorsal bud. The rest of the head including the uncinate process emanated from the ventral bud.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D computer-assisted reconstruction of the human pancreas visualized the relationships between the two pancreatic buds. This explains the disposition and the modality of the components fusion. This embryologic development permits a better understanding of congenital abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Montpellier-Nîmes, University Montpellier I, Avenue Kennedy, Nîmes, France. marlene.villon@univ-montp1.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaubert
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cristol-Gaubert
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baecker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Travo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prudhomme
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Godlewski
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prat-Pradal
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D010179:Pancreas / Q000196:embryology*