title: Hyperuricemia and incident heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperuricemia, a known correlate of oxidative stress, is a marker for adverse prognosis among individuals with heart failure. However, the relationship between hyperuricemia and the risk for incidence of heart failure in a community-based population has not been studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively analyzed the relationship between serum uric acid concentration at baseline and subsequent heart failure among the participants of the Framingham Offspring cohort (n=4912; mean baseline age, 36 years; 52% women). By using Cox regressions, we calculated the risk of heart failure with increasing serum uric acid after adjusting for sex, age, smoking, body mass index, renal dysfunction, diuretics, systolic blood pressure, valvular heart disease, diabetes, alcohol, and use of antihypertensive medications. The incidence rates of heart failure were approximately 6-fold higher among those at the highest quartile of serum uric acid (>6.3 mg/dL) compared with those at the lowest quartile (<3.4 mg/dL). The adjusted hazard ratio for the highest quartile of serum uric acid compared with the lowest was 2.1 (1.04 to 4.22). The relationship between hyperuricemia and heart failure was found in participants without metabolic syndrome and other subgroups as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperuricemia is a novel, independent risk factor for heart failure in a group of young general community dwellers. This has implications for development of preventive strategies for heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. e.krishnan@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Eswar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid