SNX-BAR proteins in phosphoinositide-mediated, tubular-based endosomal sorting.
The endocytic network is morphologically characterized by a wide variety of membrane bound compartments that are able to undergo dynamic re-modeling through tubular and vesicular structures. The precise molecular mechanisms governing such re-modeling, and the events that co-ordinated this with the major role of endosomes, cargo sorting, remain unclear. That said, recent work on a protein family of sorting nexins (SNX) - especially a subfamily of SNX that contain a BAR domain (SNX-BARs) - has begun to shed some much needed light on these issues and in particular the process of tubular-based endosomal sorting. SNX-BARs are evolutionary conserved in endosomal protein complexes such as retromer, where they co-ordinate membrane deformation with cargo selection. Furthermore a central theme emerges of SNX-BARs linking the forming membrane carrier to cytoskeletal elements for transport through motor proteins such as dynein. By studying these SNX-BARs, we are gaining an increasingly detailed appreciation of the mechanistic basis of endosomal sorting and how this highly dynamic process functions in health and disease.
van Weering
Jan R T
JR
The Henry Wellcome Integrated Signalling Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
Verkade
Paul
P
Cullen
Peter J
PJ
D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002966:Clathrin / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011487:Protein Conformation; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058305:Sorting Nexins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021601:trans-Golgi Network / Q000378:metabolism
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002966:Clathrin; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D058305:Sorting Nexins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins