title: Bmi1 functions as an oncogene independent of Ink4A/Arf repression in hepatic carcinogenesis.
abstract: Bmi1 is a polycomb group proto-oncogene that has been implicated in multiple tumor types. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development has not been well studied. In this article, we report that Bmi1 is overexpressed in human HCC samples. When Bmi1 expression is knocked down in human HCC cell lines, it significantly inhibits cell proliferation and perturbs cell cycle regulation. To investigate the role of Bmi1 in promoting liver cancer development in vivo, we stably expressed Bmi1 and/or an activated form of Ras (RasV12) in mouse liver. We found that while Bmi1 or RasV12 alone is not sufficient to promote liver cancer development, coexpression of Bmi1 and RasV12 promotes HCC formation in mice. Tumors induced by Bmi1/RasV12 resemble human HCC by deregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Intriguingly, we found no evidence that Bmi1 regulates Ink4A/Arf expression in both in vitro and in vivo systems of liver tumor development. In summary, our study shows that Bmi1 can cooperate with other oncogenic signals to promote hepatic carcinogenesis in vivo. Yet Bmi1 functions independent of Ink4A/Arf repression in liver cancer development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Chuan-Rui
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Susie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Coral
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bommi
authors.forename: Shi-Ang
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Siu Tim
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Goberdhan P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Dimri
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C069077:BMI1 protein, human; C489421:Bmi1 protein, mouse; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D018631:ras Proteins