title: Blinded randomized clinical trial of botulinum toxin versus isosorbide dinitrate ointment for treatment of anal fissure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide donors such as isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) are considered the first choice of treatment for anal fissure. After reports of the successful treatment of such fissures with botulinum toxin, this randomized blinded trial compared botulinum toxin with ISDN in the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive an injection of botulinum in the internal anal sphincter and a placebo ointment, or a placebo injection and ISDN ointment. The primary endpoint was macroscopic fissure healing after 4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4 months macroscopic healing of the fissures was noted in 14 of 37 patients in the botulinum group and 21 of 36 in the ISDN group. Pain scores were lower among patients who received ISDN, although the difference was not significant. Side-effects were similar in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast with previous reports on botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent for anal fissure, this study found no advantage over treatment with a nitric oxide donor as regards fissure healing and fissure-related pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Sebastiaanfesten@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Festen
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gisbertz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Schaagen
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gerhards
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009824:Ointments; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009824:Ointments; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate