title: S100B interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE): a novel receptor-mediated mechanism for myocyte apoptosis postinfarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-myocardial infarction ventricular remodeling is associated with the expression of a variety of factors including S100B that can potentially modulate myocyte apoptosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to investigate the expression and function of S100B and its receptor, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in both postinfarction myocardium and in a rat neonatal myocyte culture model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a rat model of myocardial infarction following coronary artery ligation, we demonstrate in periinfarct myocytes, upregulation of RAGE, induction of S100B, and release into plasma with consequent myocyte apoptosis. Using a coimmunoprecipitation strategy, we demonstrate a direct interaction between S100B and RAGE. In rat neonatal cardiac myocyte cultures, S100B at concentrations > or = 50 nmol/L induced myocyte apoptosis, as evidenced by increased terminal DNA fragmentation, TUNEL, cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p53, increased expression and activity of proapoptotic caspase-3, and decreased expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Transfection of a full-length cDNA of RAGE or a dominant-negative mutant of RAGE resulted in increased or attenuated S100B-induced myocyte apoptosis, respectively. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by U0126/PD-98059 or overexpression of a dominant negative p53 comparably inhibited S100B-induced myocyte apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that interaction of RAGE and its ligand S100B after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53 signaling. This receptor-mediated mechanism is uniquely amenable to therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Tsoporis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izhar
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leong-Poi
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Desjardins
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Huttunen
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009570:Nitriles; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human; C579158:S100b protein, rat; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C113580:U 0126; D045304:Cytochromes c; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one