title: Painful ophthalmoplegia of the left eye in a 19-year-old female, with an emphasis in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Painful ophthalmoplegia refers to periorbital or hemicraneal pain plus ipsilateral ocular motor nerve palsies with or without oculo-sympathetic paralysis, sensory loss in the distribution of V1 and V2 can co-occur. There are many etiologies of painful ophthalmoplegia. Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a steroid-responsive painful ophthalmoplegia secondary to idiopatic granulomatous inflammation of the cavernous sinus or orbital apex. THS is a diagnosis of exclusion and treatment should be with high dose steroid.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the case of a 19-year-old female that was admitted to our hospital for painful ophthalmoplegia of the left eye. After the diagnostic work-up, we concluded that the patient had a benign form of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. We initiated treatment with steroids and 72 hours later saw a response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, steroid treatment is the cornerstone in the management of THS. Even though there is no standardized dose specified in the literature, this type of treatment with steroids at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day tapered slowly over 3 to 4 months has been well received.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, C.P. 14080. Distrito Federal, México. juan_spp@yahoo.com.mx
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Cristhian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pesci
authors.forename: Brenda S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castro