title: The effect of basketball training on the muscle strength of adults with mental retardation.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of basketball training on the muscle strength of adults with mental retardation (MR). Twenty-four adults with and without MR were separated into 3 groups. Eight adults (mean age 25.4 years) with normal IQ constituted the control group (NIQ). Eight adults (mean age 26.5 years) with MR and all participating in a 4-year systematic basketball exercise program constituted the trained group (MR-T), and 8 adults (mean age 25.3 years) with MR exercised occasionally for recreational reasons formed the MR-R group. Parameters measured were isometric and isokinetic concentric and eccentric muscle strength. All subjects performed a leg strength test on a Cybex Norm isokinetic dynamometer. Analysis of variance was used to examine mean differences between the values of the 3 groups. A significance level of 0.05 was used for all tests. The NIQ group showed a statistically significant difference in all measured values compared to the MR groups. The MR-T group presented higher absolute and relative torque scores for both knee extensors and flexors than the MR-R group, whereas the MR-R group presented statistically higher antagonistic activity for both knee extensors and flexors than the MR-T group. In addition, both MR groups presented statistically higher antagonistic activity for both knee extensors and flexors compared to the NIQ group. Data support participation on a systematic and well-designed basketball training program to improve muscle strength levels of adults with MR. Participation in basketball without necessarily focusing on developing specific fitness components may be an effective training strategy for the promotion of strength of adults with MR.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Developmental Pediatrics and Special Education, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasilios K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Tsimaras
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Samara
authors.forename: Marianna C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kotzamanidou
authors.forename: Eleni I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Bassa
authors.forename: Eleni G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Fotiadou
authors.forename: Christos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kotzamanidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001490:Basketball / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications*; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D007551:Isotonic Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D019415:Torque