title: Evaluation of molecular pharmaceutical and in-vivo properties of spray-dried isolated andrographolide-PVP.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Andrographolide, a natural lipophilic molecule, has a wide range of pharmacological actions. However, due to low aqueous solubility, it has low oral bioavailability. The purpose of the study was to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of isolated andrographolide by formulating its solid dispersion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Solid dispersions were obtained by a spray-drying technique using different ratios of drug to polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP K-30). Solid dispersions in compression with isolated drug and corresponding physical mixtures were characterized for various molecular pharmaceutical properties and subjected to stability study for up to 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A five-fold increase in saturation solubility of andrographolide with higher values of Q(5 min) (cumulative percentage release in 5 min) and lower values of t(75%) (time required for 75% w/w drug release) for solid dispersion was observed in different dissolution mediums. This was attributed to the formation of amorphous nature and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between drug and PVP K-30. The stability study showed there to be no significant change in molecular pharmaceutical properties and dissolution profile over the period of 3 months. Moreover, the in-vivo study in Wistar albino rats also justified improvement in the therapeutic efficacy of andrographolide after solid dispersion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the utility of solid dispersion to improve primary and secondary pharmaceutical properties of andrographolide using PVP K-30 as a carrier.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bothiraja
authors.forename: Mukesh B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shinde
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajalakshmi
authors.forename: Atmaram P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pawar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003890:Desiccation; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004304:Dosage Forms / Q000592:standards; D004355:Drug Stability; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D005079:Excipients; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D011108:Polymers; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D004304:Dosage Forms; D005079:Excipients; D011108:Polymers; D011759:Pyrrolidines; C030419:andrographolide; C032519:pyrrolidine