title: Genetic disruption of G proteins, G(i2)alpha or G(o)alpha, does not abolish inotropic and chronotropic effects of stimulating muscarinic cholinoceptors in atrium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Classically, stimulation of muscarinic cholinoceptors exerts negative inotropic and chronotropic effects in the atrium of mammalian hearts. These effects are crucial to the vagal regulation of the heart beat. This effect is assumed to be mediated via GTP binding (G) proteins, because they can be abolished by Pertussis toxin. However, it is unknown which G proteins are involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied contractility in isolated left or right atrium from genetically manipulated mice with deletion of one of two G proteins, either of the alpha subunit of G(i2) protein (G(i2)alpha) or of the alpha subunit of G(o) protein (G(o)alpha). Preparations were stimulated with carbachol alone or after pretreatment with the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline. For comparison, the effects of carbachol on L-type Ca(2+)-channels in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of carbachol alone or in the presence of isoprenaline were identical in atria from knockout or wild-type mice. However, the effect of carbachol on isoprenaline-activated L-type Ca(2+)-channel in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes was greatly attenuated in both types of knockout mice studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data imply that there is either redundancy of G proteins for signal transduction or that Pertussis toxin-sensitive proteins other than G(i2)alpha and G(o)alpha mediate the vagal stimulation in the atrium. Moreover, different G proteins mediate the effect of carbachol in ventricle compared with atrium.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Germany. boknik@uni-muenster.de <boknik@uni-muenster.de>
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boknik
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grote-Wessels
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barteska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: F U
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Birnbaumer
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D051960:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2 / Q000235:genetics*; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000235:genetics*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D002217:Carbachol; D051960:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D007545:Isoproterenol