Motor development in very preterm and very low-birth-weight children from birth to adolescence: a meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Infants who are very preterm (born < or = 32 weeks of gestation) and very low birth weight (VLBW) (weighing < or = 1500 g) are at risk for poor developmental outcomes. There is increasing evidence that very preterm birth and VLBW have a considerable effect on motor development, although findings are inconsistent.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between very preterm birth and VLBW and motor development.


METHODS
The computerized databases EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Knowledge were used to search for English-language peer-reviewed articles published between January 1992 and August 2009.


METHODS
Studies were included if they reported motor scores of very preterm and VLBW children without congenital anomalies using 1 of 3 established and widely used motor tests: the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II), the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP). Forty-one articles were identified, encompassing 9653 children.


RESULTS
In comparison with term-born peers, very preterm and VLBW children obtained significantly lower scores on all 3 motor tests: BSID-II: d = -0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.96 to -0.80; P < .001), MABC: d = -0.65 (95% CI, -0.70 to -0.60; P < .001), and BOTMP: d = -0.57 (95% CI, -0.68 to -0.46; P < .001). Whereas motor outcomes on the BSID-II show a catch-up effect in the first years of development (r = 0.50, P = .01), the results on the MABC demonstrate a nonsignificantly greater deficit with increasing age during elementary school and early adolescence (r = -0.59, P = .07).


CONCLUSIONS
Being born preterm or VLBW is associated with significant motor impairment persisting throughout childhood.
de Kieviet
Jorrit F
JF
Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands. jf.de.kieviet@psy.vu.nl
Piek
Jan P
JP
Aarnoudse-Moens
Cornelieke S
CS
Oosterlaan
Jaap
J
D000293:Adolescent; D001724:Birth Weight; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills