title: Rationale and design of the Randomized comparison of XiEnce V and Multilink VisioN coronary stents in the sAme muLtivessel patient with chronic kiDnEy disease (RENAL-DES) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous coronary intervention with bare metal stents (BMS) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has shown suboptimal results. Drug-eluting stents (DESs) might reduce the incidence of restenosis and therefore of target lesion revascularization in these patients. Of note, in patients with CKD, multiple concomitant individual variables may be responsible for neointimal hyperplasia after coronary stenting, thus making the comparison of BMS and DES in different patient groups difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RENAL-DES is a prospective, randomized, multicenter, not-sponsored study to directly compare the efficacy in the prevention of clinical restenosis, of everolimus-eluting stent (Xience V) and BMS with identical design (Multilink Vision), both implanted in the same patient with multivessel coronary artery disease and CKD in order to obviate the multiple and unpredictable baseline differences. The primary endpoint of the study is 9-month ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expected primary endpoint rates are 20% for BMS and 10% for DES. According to these estimates, with a significant level of 0.05, a sample size of 194 patients provides an 80% statistical power. Assuming a 10% dropout rate, the goal is to enroll 213 patients (426 treated vessels) from five Italian centers. As 20% of the patients will likely require stent implantation in three vessels, approximately 500 treated vessels will be analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This intraindividual, randomized study will provide, for the first time, data on the efficacy, in the prevention of clinical restenosis, of DES compared to BMS in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and CKD (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT 00818792).
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, European Hospital, Rome, Italy. f.tomai@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tomai
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petrolini
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nudi
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vassanelli
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ribichini
mesh_terms: D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D006801:Humans; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D012107:Research Design