title: Long-term outcomes of urgency-frequency syndrome due to painful bladder syndrome treated with sacral neuromodulation and analysis of failures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present our long-term experience with sacral neuromodulation devices placed in patients with painful bladder syndrome to determine whether the benefit decreases over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2000 and July 2004, 32 women and 7 men with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome in whom previous conventional therapy failed underwent sacral neuromodulation test stimulation. Before 2003 a percutaneous test lead was placed in the clinic setting. After 2003 a quadripolar permanent lead was placed in the operating room. Permanent generators were implanted if the patient had more than 50% relief from the presenting complaint, which was defined as urinary or pelvic pain, urgency, or urinary frequency. Long-term outcomes included battery depletion, device malfunction, infection or loss of benefit as well as any change in need for medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 39 patients 22 went from test stimulation to permanent generator implantation. There were significant differences in short-term but not long-term outcomes between the 2 methods of test stimulation. Of 33 patients undergoing percutaneous nerve evaluation 13 (39.4%) met the criteria for permanent generator implantation, while 9 of 11 (81.8%) evaluated with the quadripolar lead met these criteria (p = 0.015). Long-term success between the groups was similar at 92.3% (12 of 13) vs 77.8% (7 of 9) (p = 0.329) during an average followup of 59.9 months. Eleven (50.0%) devices required explantation. Of 22 patients 3 (13.6%) lost benefit over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These patients appear to respond best to permanent quadripolar lead placement but long-term results do not appear to be independently affected by the method of test stimulation. Loss of benefit over time is not common.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1089, USA.
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kreder
mesh_terms: D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*