title: Depressive disorder and thyroid axis functioning during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression and thyroid dysfunction are prevalent in women, including pregnant women. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between depression and thyroid function during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety-nine pregnant women three times during pregnancy were assessed for depressive disorder and for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT(4)) concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of depressive disorder was 6.5% in early pregnancy, 3.0% in middle pregnancy and 3.5% in late pregnancy. There were no women with overt thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was found in 23% of women in early pregnancy, in 5% of women in middle pregnancy and in 6% of women in late of pregnancy. In late pregnancy depressed women compared to non-depressed women had significantly higher FT(4) concentrations and a strong trend towards lower TSH concentrations as well as higher prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show an association between thyroid dysfunction and depression in late pregnancy. Because gestational depression might interfere with pregnancy outcome, evaluation of thyroid function during gestation is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychophysiology and Rehabilitation, Kaunas University of Medicine, LT-00135 Palanga, Lithuania. rob@ktl.mii.lt
authors.forename: Robertas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bunevicius
authors.forename: Laima
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kusminskas
authors.forename: Narseta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mickuviene
authors.forename: Adomas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bunevicius
authors.forename: Cort A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Victor J M
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Pop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008097:Lithuania; D008403:Mass Screening; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine