title: Modeling the length of the care episode after hip fracture: does the type of fracture matter?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hip fractures are common events that require intensive operative hospital care and a lengthy rehabilitation. The effect of hip fracture type on successful rehabilitation is not well known. The aim of this study is to model and compare the length of the care episodes between intra- and extracapsular hip fractures in Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  15544 hip fracture patients living at home in Finland 1998-2001 were followed using register-based data. Patient characteristics, outcomes, and length of stay (LOS) distributions were analyzed using a Bayesian nonparametric multilayer perceptron (MLP) network model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality was similar in intra- and extracapsular hip fractures. Patients were more likely to need long-term care after extracapsular hip fracture. The average LOS at the surgical ward was similar for intra- and extracapsular fractures (1.7 weeks), but there was a considerable difference for the total inpatient LOS between the groups (5.2 weeks vs. 6.9 weeks). Intracapsular fractures had a simple unimodal LOS distribution, whereas the LOS distribution for the extracapsular fractures was multimodal with two clear peaks. Patients with more comorbidities required a longer LOS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The causes for differences in LOS between fracture types were most likely due to the different surgical methods and rehabilitation practices for the fracture types. As national guidelines suggest similar rehabilitation for all hip fracture patients, there is a need for early and aggressive rehabilitation of patients with extracapsular fractures, including full-weight bearing for all but selected patients.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. reijo.sund@thl.fi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sund
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riihimäki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vehtari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lüthje
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huusko
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000401:mortality / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D012042:Registries; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome