title: Induced sputum in HIV- infected patients: diagnosis of acute pulmonary diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To make a narrative review of the accuracy of induced sputum for diagnosis of pulmonary disease in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched. reference lists, abstracts of conference proceedings and scientific meetings were hand searched.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen articles that specifically addressed the stated purpose were selected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Yield of sputum induction and fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage were analyzed using explicit methodologic to evaluate the quality of clinical trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sputum induction demonstrated 55.5% sensitivity and 98.6% specificity to Pneumocystis pneumonia. Sensitivity of sputum induction was significantly higher with immunofluorescence than with cytochemical staining (67.1 versus 43.1%). Sputum induction for diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia demonstrated 60% sensitivity, 40% specificity, 80% positive predictive value, 20% negative predictive value and 56% accuracy. In relation to tuberculosis, sputum induction demonstrated 36% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value and 54.2% negative predictive value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sputum induction seems to be effective and safe for diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cirúrgicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
authors.forename: Glória Maria de
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Alexander Magno
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.forename: Giovanni Antonio
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Marsico
authors.forename: Juan Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rentería
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Guimarães
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000208:Acute Disease; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*