title: The diagnostic efficiency of ultrasound guided imaging algorithm in evaluation of patients with hematuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficiency of the following imaging algorithm, including intravenous urography (IVU) or computed tomography urography (CTU) based on ultrasonographic (US) selection, in the radiological management of hematuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty-one patients with hematuria were prospectively evaluated. Group 1 included 106 cases with normal or nearly normal US result and then they were examined with IVU. Group 2 was composed of the remaining 35 cases which had any urinary tract abnormality, and they were directed to CTU. Radiological results were compared with clinical diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrasonography and IVU results of 97 cases were congruent in group 1. Eight simple cysts were detected with US and 1 non-obstructing ureter stone was detected with IVU in remaining 9 patients. The only discordant case in clinical comparison was found to have urinary bladder cancer on conventional cystoscopy. Ultrasonography and CTU results were congruent in 30 cases. Additional lesions were detected with CTU (3 ureter stones, 1 ureter TCC, 1 advanced RCC) in remaining 5 patients. Ultrasonography+CTU combination results were all concordant with clinical diagnosis. Except 1 case, radio-clinical agreement was achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-sectional imaging modalities are preferred in evaluation of hematuria. CTU is the method of choice; however the limitations preclude using CTU as first line or screening test. Ultrasonography is now being accepted as a first line imaging modality with the increased sensitivity in mass detection compared to IVU. The US guided imaging algorithm can be used effectively in radiological approach to hematuria.
authors.affiliation: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 09100 Aydin, Turkey. alparslanunsal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alparslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unsal
authors.forename: Eda Kazak
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Calişkan
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erol
authors.forename: Can Zafer
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Karaman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods*