title: Suboxone (buprenorphine/naloxone) as an agonist opioid treatment in Spain: a budgetary impact analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the economic impact of buprenorphine/naloxone (B/N) as an agonist opioid treatment for opiate dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A budgetary impact analysis model was designed to calculate the annual costs (drugs and associated costs) to the Spanish National Healthcare System of methadone versus B/N. Data for the model were obtained from official databases and expert panel opinion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was estimated that 86,017 patients would be in an agonist opioid treatment program each of the 3 years of the study. No increase in the number of patients is expected with the introduction of B/N combination. The budgetary impact (drugs and associated costs) for agonist opiate treatment in the first year of the study would be 89.53 million EUR. In the first year of B/N use, the budgetary impact would rise by 4.39 million EUR (4.6% of the total impact), with an incremental cost of 0.79 million EUR (0.9% of the total impact). The budgetary increase would be 0.6% (0.48 million EUR increase) and 0.6% (0.49 million EUR increase) in the second and third years of use, respectively. The mean cost per patient in the first year with and without B/N would be EUR 1,050 and 1,041, respectively. The most influential variables in the sensitivity analysis were logistics and production costs of methadone and the percentage use of B/N.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With an additional cost of only EUR 9 per patient, B/N is an efficient addition to the therapeutic arsenal in the drug treatment of opiate dependence, particularly when considering clinical aspects of novel pharmacotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Farmacología y Toxicología, Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU, Valencia, Spain. martinez_josrag@gva.es
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-Raga
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: González Saiz
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sabater Torres
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D002017:Budgets / Q000379:methods; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D000069479:Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination; D006801:Humans; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000069479:Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination; D009270:Naloxone; D002047:Buprenorphine