title: Behavioral control over shock blocks behavioral and neurochemical effects of later social defeat.
abstract: Experience with behavioral control over tailshock (escapable shock, ES) has been shown to block the behavioral and neurochemical changes produced by later uncontrollable tail shock (inescapable shock, IS). The present experiments tested, in rats, whether the protective effect of control over tailshock extends beyond reducing the behavioral and neurochemical impact of a subsequent tailshock experience to stressors that are quite different. Social defeat (SD) was chosen as the second stress experience because it has few if any cues in common with tailshock. SD produced shuttlebox escape learning deficits ("learned helplessness") and reduced juvenile social investigation 24 h later, as does IS. IS is notable for inducing a large increase in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonergic (5-HT) activity as measured by extracellular levels of 5-HT within the DRN, and SD did so as well. ES occurring 7 days before SD blocked this SD-induced DRN activation, as well as the SD-induced interference with shuttlebox escape and reduction in social investigation. Prior exposure to yoked IS did not reduce the DRN 5-HT activation or later behavioral effects produced by SD, and thus the proactive stress-blunting effects of ES can be attributed to it's controllability. Thus, ES confers a very general protection to the impact of a subsequent stress experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. amatj@colorado.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amat
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Aleksejev
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D004291:Dominance-Subordination; D004597:Electroshock; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000502:physiology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D006380:Helplessness, Learned; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011903:Raphe Nuclei / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin