title: Bevacizumab for recurrent ependymoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ependymoma is a rare type of glioma, representing 5% of all CNS malignancies. Radiotherapy (RT) is commonly administered, but there is no standard chemotherapy. At recurrence, ependymoma is notoriously refractory to therapy and the prognosis is poor. In recurrent glioblastoma, encouraging responses with bevacizumab have been observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this Institutional Review Board-approved study, we retrospectively analyzed the records of 8 adult patients treated for recurrent ependymoma and anaplastic ependymoma with bevacizumab containing chemotherapy regimens. We determined radiographic response (Macdonald criteria), median time to progression (TTP), and median overall survival (OS; Kaplan-Meier method).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 4 men and 4 women with a median age of 40 years (range, 20-65). Prior treatment included surgery (n = 8), RT (8), temozolomide (5), and carboplatin (4). Bevacizumab (5-15 mg/kg every 2-3 weeks) was administered alone (2) or concurrently with cytotoxic chemotherapy including irinotecan (3), carboplatin (2), or temozolomide (1). Six patients achieved a partial response (75%) and 1 remained stable for over 8 months. Median TTP was 6.4 months (95% confidence interval 1.4-7.4) and median OS was 9.4 months (95% confidence interval 7.0-not reached), with a median follow-up of 5.2 months among 5 surviving patients (63%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The radiographic response rate to bevacizumab-containing regimens is high. A prospective study is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Cloughesy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stupp
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: DeAngelis
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Woyshner
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ney
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lassman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068258:Bevacizumab