title: Airway and systemic effects of soluble and suspension formulations of nebulized budesonide in asthmatic children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Using cyclodextrin with budesonide enables it to be formulated in a solution for nebulization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effects of a Captisol-enabled budesonide solution (CBIS), 60 microg twice daily, delivered via a nebulizer (eFlow), compared with a conventional budesonide suspension (Pulmicort Respules), 250 microg twice daily, delivered via another nebulizer (LC Plus), using fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) and overnight urinary cortisol to creatinine ratio as the primary outcomes for efficacy and systemic bioactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, open-label, crossover study was conducted in 12 children with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma (aged 5-12 years). Measurements were performed after a 2-week steroid washout at baseline and at the end of each 2-week randomized treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nebulization time was shorter (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-5.63 minutes; P = .03) with CBIS (mean, 1.77 minutes) than with Pulmicort Respules (mean, 5.01 minutes). The reduction in FE(NO) with CBIS from pooled baseline was 2.45-fold (95% CI, 1.87-3.21; P < .001); and with Pulmicort Respules, 3.18-fold (95% CI, 2.26-4.47; P < .001). No statistically significant changes from pooled baseline in lung function and overnight urinary cortisol to creatinine ratio were observed with either treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nebulization time was shorter with CBIS compared with Pulmicort Respules. Both formulations exhibited similar anti-inflammatory activity in terms of reducing FE(NO), with no detectable difference between them when used in a putative microgram nominal dose ratio of 1:4. Neither formulation produced significant adrenal suppression.
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland. basukaninika@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kaninika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Somnath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lipworth
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D012996:Solutions; D013535:Suspensions; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D012996:Solutions; D013535:Suspensions; D019819:Budesonide