title: Feline calicivirus p32, p39 and p30 proteins localize to the endoplasmic reticulum to initiate replication complex formation.
abstract: In common with other positive-strand RNA viruses, replication of feline calicivirus (FCV) results in rearrangement of intracellular membranes and production of numerous membrane-bound vesicular structures on which viral genome replication is thought to occur. In this study, bioinformatics approaches have identified three of the FCV non-structural proteins, namely p32, p39 and p30, as potential transmembrane proteins. These proteins were able to target enhanced cyan fluorescent protein to membrane fractions where they behaved as integral membrane proteins. Immunofluorescence microscopy of these proteins expressed in cells showed co-localization with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers. Further electron microscopy analysis of cells co-expressing FCV p39 or p30 with a horseradish peroxidase protein containing the KDEL ER retention motif demonstrated gross morphological changes to the ER. Similar reorganization patterns, especially for those produced by p30, were observed in naturally infected Crandel-Rees feline kidney cells. Together, the data demonstrate that the p32, p39 and p30 proteins of FCV locate to the ER and lead to reorganization of ER membranes. This suggests that they may play a role in the generation of FCV replication complexes and that the endoplasmic reticulum may represent the potential source of the membrane vesicles induced during FCV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK. d.bailey@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Dalan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hollinshead
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moffat
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wileman
authors.forename: Stanislav V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sosnovtsev
authors.forename: Ian G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Goodfellow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000502:physiology*; D002415:Cats; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins