title: Health and economic burden of metabolic comorbidity among individuals with bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence and health care costs of metabolic conditions in patients with bipolar disorder to age- and sex-matched control patients using a large insurance claims database.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of medical service and prescription claims from the Thomson Reuters (Healthcare) MarketScan Commercial Database (which includes claims information on >12 million employees with employer-based insurance and their dependents in the United States) was conducted. Claims data for 28,531 patients with bipolar disorder were compared for 1 year with data for 85,593 age- and sex-matched control patients with no mental health disorders and no psychotropic medication use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with bipolar disorder had a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic comorbidities than the general population (37% vs 30%, P < 0.0001), and annual medical service treatment costs for metabolic conditions were twice that of the control cohort (531 dollars vs 233 dollars, P < 0.0001). The bipolar cohort had significantly higher overall medical service and prescription drug costs than those of the control cohort (12,764 dollars vs 3,140 dollars, P < 0.0001). Prescription medication costs for metabolic conditions were higher as well, with bipolar cohort per-patient costs of 571 dollars versus 301 dollars for the control cohort (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with bipolar disorder have significantly more metabolic comorbidities and higher medical costs than age- and sex-matched controls. Studies that link claims data with medical records or primary data collection pertaining to metabolic conditions may overcome limitations in the diagnostic information and outcome predictors. To reduce the medical and economic burden of bipolar disorder, strategies should be identified to prevent the development of metabolic comorbidities and improve medication adherence.
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia/Bipolar Disorder and Psychopharmacology Programs, McLean Division of Massachusetts General Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA. fcentorrino@mclean.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Centorrino
authors.forename: Tami L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talamo
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D017281:Cost of Illness; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult