title: Bacteria-derived hydrogen sulfide promotes IL-8 production from epithelial cells.
abstract: Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), a volatile sulfur compound, is implicated as a cause of inflammation, especially when it is produced by bacteria colonizing gastrointestinal organs. However, it is unclear if H(2)S produced by periodontal pathogens affects the inflammatory responses mediated by oral/gingival epithelial cells. Therefore, the aims of this study were (1) to compare the in vitro production of H(2)S among 14 strains of oral bacteria and (2) to evaluate the effects of H(2)S on inflammatory response induced in host oral/gingival epithelial cells. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) produced the most H(2)S in culture, which, in turn, resulted in the promotion of proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 from both gingival and oral epithelial cells. The up-regulation of IL-8 expression was reproduced by the exogenously applied H(2)S. Furthermore, the mutant strains of Pg that do not produce major soluble virulent factors, i.e. gingipains, still showed the production of H(2)S, as well as the promotion of epithelial IL-8 production, which was abrogated by H(2)S scavenging reagents. These results demonstrated that Pg produces a concentration of H(2)S capable of up-regulating IL-8 expression induced in gingival and oral epithelial cells, revealing a possible mechanism that may promote the inflammation in periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Weilin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mikihito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajiya
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giro
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ouhara
authors.forename: Harrison E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Mackler
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mawardi
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boisvert
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Kimihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide