The antimicrobial peptides derived from chromogranin/secretogranin family, new actors of innate immunity.
Chromogranins/secretogranins are members of the granin family present in secretory vesicles of nervous, endocrine and immune cells. In chromaffin cells, activation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors induces the release, with catecholamines, of bioactive peptides resulting from a natural processing. During the past decade, our laboratory has characterized new antimicrobial chromogranin-derived peptides in the secretions of stimulated bovine chromaffin cells. They act at the micromolar range against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and are non-toxic for the mammalian cells. They are recovered in several biological fluids involved in defence mechanisms (human serum, neutrophil secretions and saliva). These new antimicrobial peptides demonstrate the major role of the adrenal medulla in innate immunity. In this review we focus on the antimicrobial peptides derived from human and bovine chromogranin A (CGA), chromogranin B (CGB) and secretogranin II (SGII) emphasizing their direct action against pathogens and their effects on immune cells.
Shooshtarizadeh
Peiman
P
Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm Z575, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg, France.
Zhang
Dan
D
Chich
Jean-François
JF
Gasnier
Claire
C
Schneider
Francis
F
Haïkel
Youssef
Y
Aunis
Dominique
D
Metz-Boutigue
Marie-Hélène
MH
D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002864:Chromogranins; D010455:Peptides