title: The effect of tightened hearing protection regulations on military noise-induced tinnitus.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tightened hearing protection regulations on tinnitus in the Finnish Defence Forces. The initial study group comprised 252 officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs), of which 229 were included in the final study group. Subjective symptoms of tinnitus and audiometric test results for these officers and NCOs examined before retirement, from 1984 to 1986 (Period I), and 2003 to 2005 (Period II), were reviewed. Changes in tinnitus reports between the two time periods, during which regulations had been revised, were investigated. Prevalence of tinnitus showed a decline both in officers (from 68% to 63%) and in NCOs (from 76% to 72%) between the two study periods, in accordance with tightened hearing protection regulations. The Cox regression analysis showed a significantly decreased hazard ratio for constant or disturbing tinnitus for Period II. Tinnitus prevalence, especially constant or disturbing tinnitus, in the Finnish Defence Forces was diminished by tightened hearing protection regulations. Tinnitus might be more persistent than hearing loss and does not necessarily improve in direct relation to hearing loss after protective measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. roderik_mrena@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Roderik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mrena
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiukaanniemi
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ylikoski
authors.forename: Antti A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mäkitie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001299:Audiometry; D004423:Ear; D004430:Ear Protective Devices; D005387:Finland; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D009623:Noise, Occupational / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*