title: Aging impairs the angiogenic response to ischemic injury and the activity of implanted cells: combined consequences for cell therapy in older recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cell therapy has received much attention for its potential to regenerate ischemic organs, but initial clinical trials in aged patients did not replicate the dramatic benefits recorded in preclinical studies with young animals. This study was designed to improve our understanding of age-related changes in the response to ischemic injury and the regenerative capacity of implanted cells in the context of cell therapy for older recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Restoration of regional perfusion after hind limb femoral artery ligation was impaired (P < .05) in old (vs young) rats, reflecting approximately 50% reductions in circulating endothelial progenitor cells and the release of vascular endothelial growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor. Bone marrow stromal cells from young or old donors implanted into the ischemic hind limbs of young or old rats restored regional perfusion. Specifically, we documented significantly greater (P < .05) angiogenic potential in young (vs old) donor cells when recipient age was controlled and greater (P < .05) regenerative responses in young (vs old) recipients when donor cell age was controlled. Contributing to these differences were significantly greater survival in young (vs old) donor cells (in vitro and after implantation) and about 2-fold more production of vascular endothelial growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor and mobilization of endogenous endothelial progenitor cells in young (vs old) rats in response to ischemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome of cell therapy in older recipients is determined by a combination of age effects on the donor cells and on the recipients' endogenous responses. Donor cell age and recipient age are equally important contributors to the outcome of cell therapy; thus, novel biointerventions will need to target both components of the process.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery and Department of Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Yufeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.forename: Shu-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Min-Sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Heather Y McDonald
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kinkaid
authors.forename: Shafie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fazel
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Weisel
authors.forename: Ren-Ke
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002465:Cell Movement; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000601:surgery; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006614:Hindlimb; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008026:Ligation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2