Bacteria-derived hydrogen sulfide promotes IL-8 production from epithelial cells.
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), a volatile sulfur compound, is implicated as a cause of inflammation, especially when it is produced by bacteria colonizing gastrointestinal organs. However, it is unclear if H(2)S produced by periodontal pathogens affects the inflammatory responses mediated by oral/gingival epithelial cells. Therefore, the aims of this study were (1) to compare the in vitro production of H(2)S among 14 strains of oral bacteria and (2) to evaluate the effects of H(2)S on inflammatory response induced in host oral/gingival epithelial cells. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) produced the most H(2)S in culture, which, in turn, resulted in the promotion of proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 from both gingival and oral epithelial cells. The up-regulation of IL-8 expression was reproduced by the exogenously applied H(2)S. Furthermore, the mutant strains of Pg that do not produce major soluble virulent factors, i.e. gingipains, still showed the production of H(2)S, as well as the promotion of epithelial IL-8 production, which was abrogated by H(2)S scavenging reagents. These results demonstrated that Pg produces a concentration of H(2)S capable of up-regulating IL-8 expression induced in gingival and oral epithelial cells, revealing a possible mechanism that may promote the inflammation in periodontal disease.
Chen
Weilin
W
Department of Immunology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Kajiya
Mikihito
M
Giro
Gabriela
G
Ouhara
Kazuhisa
K
Mackler
Harrison E
HE
Mawardi
Hani
H
Boisvert
Heike
H
Duncan
Margaret J
MJ
Sato
Kimihiro
K
Kawai
Toshihisa
T
D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000378:metabolism*
D016209:Interleukin-8; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide