title: Combination of pharmacotherapy with electroconvulsive therapy in prevention of depressive relapse: a pilot controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relapse rates after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remain high with standard treatments. We aimed to test the efficacy of an early administered continuation pharmacotherapy (c-pharm early) strategy in prevention of post-ECT relapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 20-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders major depressive disorder, with or without psychotic features, with initial Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores higher than 22, underwent 8 bilateral ECT sessions (2 per week). Randomization to c-pharm early, c-pharm late, and placebo groups in 2:2:1, respectively, was performed at the completion of the fourth ECT session. After randomization, subjects in the c-pharm early group were given sertraline at 150 mg/d. Subjects in the c-pharm late group were first given placebo, which was substituted with sertraline at 150 mg/d at the completion of the eight ECT. Relapse was defined as a Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score of 16 or higher.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-three percent of the patients responded to the given treatment. The relapse rates were 12.5% in the c-pharm early group, 28% in the c-pharm late group, and 67% in the placebo group (P = 0.09). The c-pharm early strategy resulted in significantly lower relapse rates and longer well time compared with the placebo (P = 0.04). When the trend with the initiation of the c-pharm intervention was investigated in the 3 groups with equally spaced trend weights, the time of initiation was found to have a significant effect on the probability of the remaining well (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparative efficacy of c-pharm early and late strategies in providing improved protection against post-ECT relapse of major depressive disorder needs to be further explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey. agul_yildiz@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Atil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantar
authors.forename: Selçuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simsek
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Onur
authors.forename: Necati
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gökmen
authors.forename: Hüray
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fidaner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012008:Recurrence; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D020280:Sertraline