title: Evaluation of the radiopacity of some commercial and experimental root-end filling materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radiopacity of 5 root end filling materials (white MTA Angelus, MTA Bio, light-cured MTA, Sealepox RP, and Portland cement clinker with bismuth oxide and calcium sulfate).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five specimens, 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness according to specification ISO 6876:2001 were fabricated from each material and radiographed using Insigth occlusal films close to a graduated aluminum step-wedge (2 to 16 mm in thickness). Radiographs were digitized and compared to the aluminum step-wedge. The radiographic density data were converted into millimeters of aluminum (mm Al), using the Digora 1.51 software. Results were evaluated statistically using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. The level of significance was set at 5% (P <.05%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiopacity values ranged from 1.21 mm Al (light-cured MTA) to 6.45 mm Al (MTA Angelus). Comparison between materials showed significant difference (P < .05) between MTA Angelus and all other materials, between Sealepox RP and MTA Bio, and between light-cured MTA and Portland cement clinker. Light-cured MTA was significantly less radiopaque than all other materials. No significant difference (P > .05) was found between MTA Bio and Portland cement clinker.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All retrograde filling materials evaluated showed greater radiopacity than dentin. All the materials, except light-cured MTA met the minimum radiopacity standards of 3 mm Al recognized by the ISO 6876:2001 and ADA n.57.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Dental School of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. rodrigovivan@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Rodrigo R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Vivan
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ordinola-Zapata
authors.forename: Clóvis M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bramante
authors.forename: Norberti
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernardineli
authors.forename: Roberto B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Marco Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hungaro Duarte
authors.forename: Ivaldo Gomes
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: de Moraes
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D012015:Reference Standards; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide