title: Efficient clinical-scale enrichment of lymphocytes for use in adoptive immunotherapy using a modified counterflow centrifugal elutriation program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical-scale lymphocyte enrichment from a leukapheresis product has been performed most routinely using costly magnetic bead separation systems that deplete monocytes, but this procedure may leave behind residual beads or antibodies in the enriched cell product. Counterflow centrifugal elutriation has been demonstrated previously to enrich monocytes efficiently for generation of dendritic cells. This study describes a modified elutriation procedure for efficient bead-free economical enrichment of lymphocytes from leukapheresis products from healthy donors and study subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Modified program settings and conditions for the CaridianBCT Elutra device were investigated to optimize lymphocyte enrichment and recovery. Lymphocyte enrichment was measured using a novel approach utilizing cell sizing analysis on a Beckman Coulter Multisizer and confirmed by flow cytometry phenotypic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Efficient enrichment and recovery of lymphocytes from leukapheresis cell products was achieved using modified elutriation settings for flow rate and fraction volume. Elutriation allowed for enrichment of larger numbers of lymphocytes compared with depletion of monocytes by bead adherence, with a trend toward increased lymphocyte purity and yield via elutriation, resulting in a substantial reduction in the cost of enrichment per cell. Importantly, significant lymphocyte enrichment could be accomplished using leukapheresis samples from healthy donors (n=12) or from study subjects with HIV infection (n=15) or malignancy (n=12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical-scale closed-system elutriation can be performed efficiently for the selective enrichment of lymphocytes for immunotherapy protocols. This represents an improvement in cost, yield and purity over current methods that require the addition of monocyte-depleting beads.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cotte
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D002469:Cell Separation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002498:Centrifugation; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007937:Leukapheresis; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*