title: xol-1, the master sex-switch gene in C. elegans, is a transcriptional target of the terminal sex-determining factor TRA-1.
abstract: In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes: XX animals (2X:2A=1.0) develop as hermaphrodites and XO animals (1X:2A=0.5) develop as males. TRA-1, the worm ortholog of Drosophila Cubitus interruptus and mammalian Gli (Glioma-associated homolog) proteins, is the terminal transcription factor of the C. elegans sex-determination pathway, which specifies hermaphrodite fate by repressing male-specific genes. Here we identify a consensus TRA-1 binding site in the regulatory region of xol-1, the master switch gene controlling sex determination and dosage compensation. xol-1 is normally expressed in males, where it promotes male development and prevents dosage compensation. We show that TRA-1 binds to the consensus site in the xol-1 promoter in vitro and inhibits the expression of xol-1 in XX animals in vivo. Furthermore, inactivation of tra-1 enhances, whereas hyperactivation of tra-1 suppresses, lethality in animals with elevated xol-1 activity. These data imply the existence of a regulatory feedback loop within the C. elegans sex-determination and dosage-compensation cascade that ensures the accurate dose of X-linked genes in cells destined to adopt hermaphrodite fate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hargitai
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kutnyánszky
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Blauwkamp
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steták
authors.forename: Györgyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Csankovszki
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takács-Vellai
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vellai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D017238:Genes, Helminth; D005812:Genes, Switch; D050172:Genes, X-Linked; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D019849:Sex Determination Processes; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C121025:tra-1 protein, C elegans; C091429:XOL-1 protein, C elegans