title: Subjective aspects of cognitive control at different stages of processing.
abstract: Although research on cognitive control has addressed the effects that different forms of cognitive interference have on behavior and the activities of certain brain regions, until recently, the effects of interference on subjective experience have not been addressed. We demonstrate that, at the level of the individual trial, participants can reliably introspect the subjective aspects (e.g., perceptions of difficulty, competition, and control) of responding in interference paradigms. Similar subjective effects were obtained for both expressed and unexpressed (subvocalized) actions. Few participants discerned the source of these effects. These basic findings illuminate aspects of cognitive control and cognitive effort. In addition, these data have implications for the study of response interference in affect and self-control, and they begin to address theories regarding the function of consciousness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, EP 301, San Francisco, CA 94132-4168, USA. morsella@sfsu.edu
authors.forename: Ezequiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morsella
authors.forename: Lilian E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Mikaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honhongva
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gazzaley
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bargh
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D003657:Decision Making; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007600:Judgment; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011340:Problem Solving; D011601:Psychophysics; D011930:Reaction Time; D057190:Stroop Test; D013850:Thinking; D014705:Verbal Behavior