Estrogen and xenoestrogens in breast cancer.
There is growing concern that estrogenic environmental compounds that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals might potentially have adverse effects on hormone-sensitive organs such as the breast. This concern is further fueled by evidence indicating that natural estrogens, specifically 17beta-estradiol, are important factors in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. We have developed an in vitro-in vivo model in which we have demonstrated the carcinogenicity of E2 in human breast epithelial cells MCF-10F. Hypermethylation of NRG1, STXBP6, BMP6, CSS3, SPRY1, and SNIP were found at different progression stages in this model. The use of this powerful and unique model has provided a tool for exploring whether bisphenol A and butyl benzyl phthalate have relevance in the initiation of breast cancer. These studies provide firsthand evidence that the natural estrogen 17beta-estradiol and xenoestrogenic substances like bisphenol A are able to induce neoplastic transformation in human breast epithelial cells.
Fernandez
S V
SV
Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
Russo
J
J
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000032:analysis; D019175:DNA Methylation; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D004958:Estradiol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D004958:Estradiol; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C000717967:DNMT3A protein, human; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; C027561:butylbenzyl phthalate