title: Role of calpain-9 and PKC-delta in the apoptotic mechanism of lumen formation in CEACAM1 transfected breast epithelial cells.
abstract: CEACAM1-4S (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1) is a type I membrane protein with a short (12-amino acid) cytoplasmic tail. Wild type CEACAM1-4S-transfected MCF7 cells form glands with lumena when grown in 3D culture, while null mutations of two putative phosphorylation sites (T457A and S459A) in the cytoplasmic domain fail to undergo lumen formation. When gene chip analysis was performed on mRNA isolated from both wild type and T457A,S459A mutated CEACAM1-4S-transfected MCF7 cells grown in 3D culture, calpain-9 (CAPN9) was identified out of over 400 genes with a >2 log 2 difference as a potential inducer of lumen formation. Inhibition of CAPN9 expression in MCF7/CEACAM1-4S cells by RNAi or by calpeptin or PD150606 inhibited lumen formation. Transfection of CAPN9 into wild type MCF7 cells restores lumen formation demonstrating that calpain-9 may play a critical role in lumen formation. Additionally, we demonstrate that the apoptosis related kinase, PKC-delta, is activated by proteolytic cleavage during lumen formation exclusively in wild type CEACAM1-4S-transfected MCF7 cells grown in 3D culture and that lumen formation is inhibited by either RNAi to PKC-delta or by the PKC-delta inhibitor rottlerin.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
authors.forename: Charng-Jui
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tung
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Shively
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D015703:Antigens, CD; C069847:CD66 antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004151:Dipeptides; C100442:PD 150606; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C071482:calpeptin; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; C518121:CAPN9 protein, human; D002154:Calpain