title: A simple protocol for assessing inter-trial and inter-examiner reliability for two noninvasive measures of limb muscle strength.
abstract: Noninvasive measures of limb muscle strength are quite useful in preclinical translational studies that use mouse models of muscle disease, peripheral nerve disease, and movement disorders. The present study uses a simple protocol for assessing both inter-trial and inter-examiner reliability for two noninvasive methods of assessing limb strength in dystrophic (mdx) and wild type mice. One method, termed the whole body tension (WBT) method or escape test, measures the total phasic pulling tension exerted by the fore- and hindlimbs while a mouse attempts to escape into a darkened tube. Another procedure, termed the four limb wire grid holding test, measures the minimal amount of sustained tension (physical impulse) exerted by the fore- and hindlimbs while the mouse hangs suspended in an upside-down position. A comparison of the two methods revealed significant inter-trial and inter-examiner correlations in each procedure, although the WBT procedure consistently produced higher correlations than the four limb wire grid holding test. Inter-trial reliability for each test was higher than inter-examiner reliability, indicating that each longitudinal series of tests is best performed by a single investigator. The holding test also did not consistently detect differences between wild type and mdx populations at ages greater than 4 months. These results demonstrate the utility of a simple protocol for assessing the reliability of noninvasive tests that measure limb strength, and should be useful in comparing different functional measures in a broad range of translational studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, AT Still University, 800 West Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO 63501, USA. ccarlson@atsu.edu
authors.forename: C George
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rutter
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bledsoe
authors.forename: Rajvir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bruemmer
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sesti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gatti
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D005121:Extremities; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D053580:Muscle Strength; D009137:Muscular Dystrophy, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors