title: Plant and fungal biodiversity from metal mine wastes under remediation at Zimapan, Hidalgo, Mexico.
abstract: Plant establishment, presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and other rhizospheric fungi were studied in mine wastes from Zimapan, Hidalgo state, Mexico, using a holistic approach. Two long-term afforested and three non-afforested mine tailings were included in this research. Fifty-six plant species belonging to 29 families were successfully established on the afforested sites, while unmanaged tailings had only a few native plant species colonizing the surrounding soils. Almost all plant roots collected were associated to AMF in these sites. The genus Glomus was the most abundant AMF species found in their rhizosphere; however, the Acaulospora genus was also observed. Other rhizospheric fungi were identified by 18S rDNA sequencing analysis. Their role in these substrates, i.e. biocontrol, pollutant- and organic matter-degradation, and aides that increase plant metal tolerance is discussed. Our results advance the understanding of fungal diversity in sites polluted with metals and present alternative plants for remediation use.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Edafología, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico.
authors.forename: María del Pilar
authors.initials: Mdel P
authors.lastname: Ortega-Larrocea
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xoconostle-Cázares
authors.forename: Ignacio E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Maldonado-Mendoza
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carrillo-González
authors.forename: Jani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Hernández
authors.forename: Margarita Díaz
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Garduño
authors.forename: Melina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Meyer
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gómez-Flores
authors.forename: Ma del Carmen A
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: González-Chávez
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D044822:Biodiversity; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008800:Mexico; D008906:Mining; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D008670:Metals