title: Three-dimensional model simulation and reconstruction of composite total maxillectomy defects with fibula osteomyocutaneous flap flow-through from radial forearm flap.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A total maxillectomy always causes composite defects of maxilla, zygomatic bone, orbital floor or rim, and palatal and nasal mucosa lining. This leads to significant functional and cosmetic consequences after ablative surgery. The purpose of this clinical study was to preliminarily 3-dimensionally reconstruct the defect of total maxillectomy with sufficient bone support and soft tissue lining.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional model simulation technique and free fibula osteomyocutaneous flap flow-through from radial forearm flap were used to reconstruct a total maxillectomy defect for a 21-year-old female patient. Preoperatively, the 3-dimensional (3D) simulated resin models of skeleton and fibula were used to design the osteotomies and bone segment replacement. At surgery, a 22-cm-length free fibula was divided into 4 segments to make 1 maxilla skeletal framework in the schedule of the preoperative model surgical planning with a radial forearm flap flow-through for the free fibula flap with skin paddle to repair the palatal and nasal region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Free fibula and radial forearm flap were alive, and the patient was satisfied with the results both esthetically and functionally after dental rehabilitation which was carried out 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminarily clinical study and case demonstrated that: the fibula osteomyocutaneous flap is an ideal donor site in 3D total maxillectomy defect reconstruction, because of its thickness, length, and bone uniformity which makes ideal support for dental rehabilitation; the flow-through forearm radial flap not only serves as the vascular bridge to midface reconstruction, but also provides sufficient soft tissue cover for the intraoral defect; and the 3D model simulation and preoperative surgical planning are effective methods to refine reconstruction surgery, shorten the surgical time, and predict the outcome after operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Han Guang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhi Yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sader
mesh_terms: D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005360:Fibula; D005542:Forearm; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008441:Maxillary Neoplasms / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D008447:Maxillofacial Prosthesis; D019931:Maxillofacial Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011474:Prosthesis Design / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult