title: The effects of low level laser irradiation on gingival inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of low level laser irradiation treatment and conservative treatment on gingival inflammation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is widely accepted today that the primary etiological factor for the onset of periodontitis is dental plaque, although the exact mechanism of damage remains unknown. Inflammation is a basic response of periodontal tissue to damage and serves as a fast first line of defense against damage and infections. The treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis has gone through various stages: from the simplest, classical treatment methods, through improved radical interventions, to a new era marked by laser technology. Low level laser irradiation has an anti-inflammatory effect, both general and local.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research was done on patients who had chronic periodontal disease (mild periodontitis) with expressed clinical symptoms of gingival inflammation. All patients in the study underwent conservative treatment. After conservative therapy, the patients from the experimental group were subjected to 10 low level laser treatment sessions. Both groups underwent regular follow-up visits 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment, which involved only clinical examination using plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing index (BOP index).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A considerable decrease in all three indexes after the application of both therapies was noticed. The follow-up visits revealed the difference in index values. With laser therapy, the values of indexes decreased steadily, whereas with conservative therapy they increased up to a certain point, but did not reach the pre-therapy values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A general conclusion can be drawn that low level laser irradiation (semiconductor, 670 nm) can be used as a successful physical adjuvant method of treatment, which, together with traditional periodontal therapy, leads to better and longer-lasting therapeutic results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia. dpejca@nadlanu.com
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pejcic
authors.forename: Draginja
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kojovic
authors.forename: Ljiljana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kesic
authors.forename: Radmila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Obradovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome