title: Unexpected detrimental effect of Insulin like growth factor-1 on bovine oocyte developmental competence under heat stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on bovine oocyte developmental competence under heat stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Experiment 1, bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured at 38.5 or 41 degrees C for the first 12 h of maturation in the presence of either 100 ng/ml human recombinant (hr)-IGF-1 or acetic acid. In Experiment 2, COCs were cultured in 38.5 or 41 degrees C for the first 12 h of maturation in the presence either of 100 ng/ml hr-IGF-1 or acetic acid. After fertilization, putative zygotes were cultured for 8 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In experiment 1, addition of rh-IGF-1 to maturation medium at 38.5 degrees C significantly increased the proportion of M II oocytes and decreased the percentage of TUNEL-positive oocytes compared to the other groups. However, addition of rh-IGF-1 to maturation medium under heat stress increased the percentage of TUNEL-positive oocytes. In experiment 2, addition of rh-IGF-1 under heat sress did not affect cleavage rate, whereas, blastocyst formation rate decreased in heat-stressed and heat-stressed plus rh-IGF-1 groups. Similarly, The number of trophectoderm cells and total cell number were decreased in heat-stressed and heat-stressed plus rh-IGF-1 groups and the percentage of TUNEL-positive nuclei were increased in heat-stressed and heat-stressed plus rh-IGF-1 groups compared to the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study demonstrate that IGF-1 decreases oocyte developmental competence and total cell number and increases TUNEL-positive nuclei at heat stress condition. These unexpected results of IGF-1 during maturation period under heat stress condition warrant further optimizations and investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, POBox#4111, Karaj, Iran. mzhandi@ut.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhandi
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Towhidi
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nasr-Esfahani
authors.forename: Poopak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eftekhari-Yazdi
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zare-Shahneh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005260:Female; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000662:veterinary; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I