title: Efficient reprogramming of human and mouse primary extra-embryonic cells to pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: Practical clinical applications for current induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies are hindered by very low generation efficiencies. Here, we demonstrate that newborn human (h) and mouse (m) extra-embryonic amnion (AM) and yolk-sac (YS) cells, in which endogenous KLF4/Klf4, c-MYC/c-Myc and RONIN/Ronin are expressed, can be reprogrammed to hiPSCs and miPSCs with efficiencies for AM cells of 0.02% and 0.1%, respectively. Both hiPSC and miPSCs are indistinguishable from embryonic stem cells in colony morphology, expression of pluripotency markers, global gene expression profile, DNA methylation status of OCT4 and NANOG, teratoma formation and, in the case of miPSCs, generation of germline transmissible chimeric mice. As copious amounts of human AM cells can be collected without invasion, and stored long term by conventional means without requirement for in vitro culture, they represent an ideal source for cell banking and subsequent 'on demand' generation of hiPSCs for personal regenerative and pharmaceutical applications.
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Shinpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Hatsune
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okita
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiyokawa
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akutsu
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umezawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tada
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000502:physiology*; D002678:Chimera; D019175:DNA Methylation; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013724:Teratoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715468:Klf4 protein, mouse; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D012333:RNA, Messenger