title: Six-month outcomes on A1C and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide in an ambulatory care setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated changes in clinical effectiveness measures of patients with type 2 diabetes initiating exenatide therapy in a real-world setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients identified in the General Electric (GE) electronic medical record (EMR) research database from 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2007 were > or =18 years old with type 2 diabetes. Patients had prescription orders in the previous 395 days for metformin, a sulfonylurea, or a thiazolidinedione as monotherapy or in combination, and had at least 6 months of follow-up activity. Baseline clinical measures were documented from 45 days prior up to 15 days after exenatide initiation and follow-up measures documented at 6 months +/- 45 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1709 patients were identified for study inclusion. The overall mean A1C reduction (s.e.m.) at 6 months was -0.8% (0.05) (p<0.001), weight loss was -3.2 kg (0.14) (p<0.001), blood pressure (BP) lowering was -1.9 mmHg (0.46) systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p<0.001) and -0.5 mmHg (0.27) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = 0.078). Changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and HDL were -7.4 mg/dl (1.7) (p<0.001), -23.2 mg/dl (6.7) (p = 0.001) and -0.8 mg/dl (0.33) (p = 0.012) respectively. In a quartile analysis by weight loss, mean A1C reduction ranged from -1.1 to -0.65% in the highest to lowest weight loss quartiles respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a real-world setting, exenatide initiation is associated with significant improvements in the measures of clinical effectiveness for type 2 diabetes. These reductions were comparable to those reported in randomized, controlled registration trials after 6 months of therapy.
authors.affiliation: University of Utah, Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. diana.brixner@utah.edu
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Brixner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McAdam-Marx
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Boye
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wintle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Misurski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fabunmi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000077270:Exenatide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms