title: Endoscopic transnasal resection of ectopic esthesioneuroblastoma in the pterygopalatine fossa: technical case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare, malignant neoplasm arising from the olfactory neuroepithelium in the upper nasal cavity. Even more rare is ectopic esthesioneuroblastoma developing from the region outside the olfactory epithelium. In addition, tumors occurring in the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) are uncommon, and the endoscopic transnasal approach for the resection of malignant tumors in this region is also uncommon.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe an esthesioneuroblastoma arising from the left maxillary sinus and PPF. The tumor was resected using the endoscopic transnasal approach, followed by treatment with radiotherapy. The patient showed no evidence of recurrence 12 months postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The endoscopic transnasal approach could be successfully used for the complete removal of malignant tumors in the PPF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PPF is an anatomic area that is difficult to access. The endoscopic transnasal approach improves access and visualization; it also has the potential to reduce complications compared with the open approach. The endoscopic transnasal approach might become the treatment of choice for malignant tumors in the PPF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan. satoruk@med.oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D002828:Choristoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008444:Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D056739:Pterygopalatine Fossa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011878:Radiotherapy; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome