title: Outcomes from 3144 adrenalectomies in the United States: which matters more, surgeon volume or specialty?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of surgeon volume and specialty on clinical and economic outcomes after adrenalectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based retrospective cohort analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults (>or=18 years) undergoing adrenalectomy in the United States (1999-2005). Patient demographic and clinical characteristics, surgeon specialty (general vs urologist), surgeon adrenalectomy volume, and hospital factors were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The chi(2) test, analysis of variance, and multivariate linear and logistic regression were used to assess in-hospital complications, mean hospital length of stay (LOS), and total inpatient hospital costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3144 adrenalectomies were included. Mean patient age was 53.7 years; 58.8% were women and 77.4% white. A higher proportion of general surgeons were high-volume surgeons compared with urologists (34.1% vs 18.2%, P < .001). Low-volume surgeons had more complications (18.2% vs 11.3%, P < .001) and their patients had longer LOS (5.5 vs 3.9 days, P < .001) than did high-volume surgeons; urologists had more complications (18.4% vs 15.2%, P = .03) and higher costs ($13,168 vs $11,732, P = .02) than did general surgeons. After adjustment for patient and provider characteristics in multivariate analyses, surgeon volume, but not specialty, was an independent predictor of complications (odds ratio = 1.5, P < .002) and LOS (1.0-day difference, P < .001). Hospital volume was associated only with LOS (0.8-day difference, P < .007). Surgeon volume, specialty, and hospital volume were not predictors of costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To optimize outcomes, patients with adrenal disease should be referred to surgeons based on adrenal volume and laparoscopic expertise irrespective of specialty practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Henry S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sanziana A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Julie Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sosa
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002983:Clinical Competence; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017721:Hospital Costs; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D011336:Probability; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013038:Specialization; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D016526:Workload / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*