title: Serial in vivo imaging of the porcine heart after percutaneous, intramyocardially injected 111In-labeled human mesenchymal stromal cells.
abstract: This pilot trial aimed to investigate the utilization of (111)In-labeling of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) for in vivo tracking after intramyocardial transplantation in a xenotransplantation model with gender mismatched cells. Human male MSC were expanded ex vivo and labeled with (111)In-tropolone. Ten female pigs were included. The labeled cells were transplanted intramyocardially using a percutaneous injection system. The (111)In activity was determined using gamma camera imaging. Excised hearts were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microscopy. Gamma camera imaging revealed focal cardiac (111)In accumulations up to 6 days after injection (N = 4). No MSC could be identified with FISH, and microscopy identified widespread acute inflammation. Focal (111)In accumulation, inflammation but no human MSC were similarly seen in pigs (N = 2) after immunosuppression. A comparable retention of (111)In activity was observed after intramyocardial injection of (111)In-tropolone (without cells) (N = 2), but without sign of myocardial inflammation. Injection of labeled non-viable cells (N = 1) also led to high focal (111)In activity up to 6 days after intramyocardial injection. As a positive control of the FISH method, we identified labeled cells both in culture and immediately after cell injection in one pig. This pilot trial suggests that after intramyocardial injection (111)In stays in the myocardium despite possible disappearance of labeled cells. This questions the clinical use of (111)In-labeled cells for tracking. The results further suggest that xenografting of human MSC into porcine hearts leads to inflammation contradicting previous studies implying a special immunoprivileged status for MSC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lyngbaek
authors.forename: Rasmus S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ripa
authors.forename: Mandana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haack-Sørensen
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cortsen
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kragh
authors.forename: Claus B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kjaer
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kastrup
authors.forename: Birger
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hesse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007249:Inflammation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014334:Tropolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C043895:indium tris(tropolonate); D014334:Tropolone