title: Phylogeny of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): are the subfamilies monophyletic?
abstract: The Coccinellidae (ladybirds) is a highly speciose family of the Coleoptera. Ladybirds are well known because of their use as biocontrol agents, and are the subject of many ecological studies. However, little is known about phylogenetic relationships of the Coccinellidae, and a precise evolutionary framework is needed for the family. This paper provides the first phylogenetic reconstruction of the relationships within the Coccinellidae based on analysis of five genes: the 18S and 28S rRNA nuclear genes and the mitochondrial 12S, 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. The phylogenetic relationships of 67 terminal taxa, representative of all the subfamilies of the Coccinellidae (61 species, 37 genera), and relevant outgroups, were reconstructed using multiple approaches, including Bayesian inference with partitioning strategies. The recovered phylogenies are congruent and show that the Coccinellinae is monophyletic but the Coccidulinae, Epilachninae, Scymninae and Chilocorinae are paraphyletic. The tribe Chilocorini is identified as the sister-group of the Coccinellinae for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, ENFA, EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), 2 route de Narbonne, F-31320 Castanet Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lecompte
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magné
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hemptinne
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crouau-Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005518:Food Preferences; D017344:Genes, Insect; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010802:Phylogeny; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal