title: Notable difference between the development of vertebral fracture and osteonecrosis of the femoral head in patients treated with high-dose glucocorticoids for systemic rheumatic diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vertebral fracture (VF) and osteonecrosis of the femoral head (OFH) are serious concerns in patients with rheumatic diseases treated with high-dose glucocorticoids (GCs). We comparatively examined the risk factors of VF and OFH in patients who had recently received high-dose GC therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with rheumatic diseases receiving GCs (> or =0.5 mg/kg/day for prednisolone equivalent) within the past 2 months were enrolled in this study, and treated with 200 mg/day of etidronate cyclically. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (L2-4) was examined by QDR2000. OFH was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00679978].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four patients completed the 2-year study including annual X-rays and the BMD analysis. MRI evaluation at entry and 2 years was performed in 41 patients. The BMD values with anteroposterior (AP) and lateral views decreased by 6.4% and 9.7%, respectively, in the first year, but were stable in the second year. Eleven patients developed VF and 9 patients developed OFH. The risk factors for VF included previous VF and a low BMD value (T score<-1.5) of AP view at baseline with an odds ratio (OR) of 14.9 (95%CI 2.9-76.4), while the risk factor for OFH was a recent maximum GC dosage (>1.2 mg/kg/day versus< or =; OR=7.7, 95%CI 1.3-45.5) and a decrease in BMD value of lateral view (>15% versus< or =; OR=6.7, 95% CI 1.2-36.1) in the first year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of VF relies on the predisposing factors, while that of OFH depends on the response to high-dose GC therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe. kamehide@saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kameda
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Hiroe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011239:Prednisolone; D012968:Etidronic Acid