title: Differences in etiological and clinical manifestations in upper extremity and lower limb deep venous thrombosis patients from India.
abstract: We assessed the clinical manifestations in upper and lower limb deep venous thrombosis patients from India and difference in etiological factors. Fifty-three patients with primary upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT; males 30, females 23) and 236 patients with lower limb deep vein thrombosis (LLDVT; males 157, females 79) were included in this study. The thrombophilia markers studied were protein C (PC), protein S (PS), antithrombin (AT) III, and factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation. Females had significantly higher prevalence of prothrombotic markers as compared to males (P = .046) in the UEDVT group. No statistically significant differences in the prevalence of prothrombotic markers were observed between the LLDVT and the UEDVT patients. The clinical picture however revealed greater involvement of thrombus of the iliofemoral vein (P = .009) and the proximal tibial vein (P = .005) in males than females, while no differences were observed in the clinical manifestations between the 2 sexes in UEDVT patients. Our study is able to give a broad perspective of the prevalence data of UEDVT and LLDVT in the city of Mumbai of approximately 5 million population served by this hospital. We conclude that the topology of thrombosis in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) patients in India is different from that of the Western countries.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Immunohaematology, KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Navin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Shrimati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: Bipin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Kanjaksha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*