title: Induction chemotherapy before sleeve lobectomy for lung cancer: immediate and long-term results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Induction chemotherapy does not increase the morbidity and mortality rates of bronchoplastic procedures, but the long-term efficiency remains unclear. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the impact of chemotherapy on resectability and long-term survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1984 to 2005, 159 consecutive patients with non-small cell lung cancer underwent sleeve lobectomy without (n = 117) or with induction chemotherapy (n = 42). Indications for chemotherapy were N2 lymph node involvement (n = 15), T3 or T4 tumor invasion with doubtful resectability (n = 13), need for tumor size reduction (n = 8), lung function precluding pneumonectomy (n = 4), and brain metastasis (n = 2). None of the patients received induction radiation therapy. We studied tumor characteristics and immediate and long-term results in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical stage III was predominant in the induction chemotherapy group whereas stage II was predominant in the surgery-only group. Complication rates in the induction chemotherapy group and in the surgery-only group were 23.8% and 24.7%, respectively. We observed a greater rate of 1-month-delay smoking cessation before surgery in the induction chemotherapy group (40% versus 22%). The 5-year survival rates were 65.4% in the surgery-only group and 73.4% in the induction chemotherapy group (p = 0.5). The tumor size in the induction chemotherapy group was lower (17.5 versus 30.6 mm; p = 0.01), which reflected the positive impact of chemotherapy on sleeve resection feasibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induction chemotherapy before sleeve lobectomy achieves good long-term results. Tumor reduction and limited resection feasibility seemed to be increased, which justify further prospective trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bagan
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berna
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brian
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crockett
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Pimpec-Barthes
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dujon
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riquet
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents