title: The human nose harbors a niche of olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells displaying neurogenic and osteogenic properties.
abstract: We previously identified multipotent stem cells within the lamina propria of the human olfactory mucosa, located in the nasal cavity. We also demonstrated that this cell type differentiates into neural cells and improves locomotor behavior after transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Yet, next to nothing is known about their specific stemness characteristics. We therefore devised a study aiming to compare olfactory lamina propria stem cells from 4 individuals to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from 4 age- and gender-matched individuals. Using pangenomic microarrays and immunostaining with 34 cell surface marker antibodies, we show here that olfactory stem cells are closely related to bone marrow stem cells. However, olfactory stem cells also exhibit singular traits. By means of techniques such as proliferation assay, cDNA microarrays, RT-PCR, in vitro and in vivo differentiation, we report that when compared to bone marrow stem cells, olfactory stem cells display (1) a high proliferation rate; (2) a propensity to differentiate into osseous cells; and (3) a disinclination to give rise to chondrocytes and adipocytes. Since peripheral olfactory stem cells originate from a neural crest-derived tissue and, as shown here, exhibit an increased expression of neural cell-related genes, we propose to name them olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSC). Further studies are now required to corroborate the therapeutic potential of OE-MSCs in animal models of bone and brain diseases.
authors.affiliation: Inserm ESPRI-EA3855, Université François Rabelais, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Delorme
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nivet
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Häupl
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ringe
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devèze
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magnan
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sohier
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khrestchatisky
authors.forename: François S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Charbord
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sensebé
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Layrolle
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Féron
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009666:Nose / Q000166:cytology*; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000166:cytology; D055153:Stem Cell Niche / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers