title: Face and construct validity of a computer-based virtual reality simulator for ERCP.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, little evidence supports computer-based simulation for ERCP training.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine face and construct validity of a computer-based simulator for ERCP and assess its perceived utility as a training tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  Novice and expert endoscopists completed 2 simulated ERCP cases by using the GI Mentor II.
  
  
  METHODS
  Virtual Education and Surgical Simulation Laboratory, Medical College of Georgia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes included times to complete the procedure, reach the papilla, and use fluoroscopy; attempts to cannulate the papilla, pancreatic duct, and common bile duct; and number of contrast injections and complications. Subjects assessed simulator graphics, procedural accuracy, difficulty, haptics, overall realism, and training potential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only when performance data from cases A and B were combined did the GI Mentor II differentiate novices and experts based on times to complete the procedure, reach the papilla, and use fluoroscopy. Across skill levels, overall opinions were similar regarding graphics (moderately realistic), accuracy (similar to clinical ERCP), difficulty (similar to clinical ERCP), overall realism (moderately realistic), and haptics. Most participants (92%) claimed that the simulator has definite training potential or should be required for training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small sample size, single institution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GI Mentor II demonstrated construct validity for ERCP based on select metrics. Most subjects thought that the simulated graphics, procedural accuracy, and overall realism exhibit face validity. Subjects deemed it a useful training tool. Study repetition involving more participants and cases may help confirm results and establish the simulator's ability to differentiate skill levels based on ERCP-specific metrics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta, Georgia, USA. jbittner@mcg.edu
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bittner
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mellinger
authors.forename: Toufic
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imam
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Schade
authors.forename: Bruce V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Macfadyen
mesh_terms: D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014584:User-Computer Interface