Prognostic impact of periprocedural bleeding and myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention in unselected patients: results from the EVENT (evaluation of drug-eluting stents and ischemic events) registry.
OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to examine the prognostic importance of hemorrhagic and ischemic complications after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in unselected patients.


BACKGROUND
In randomized trials of PCI, major bleeding and periprocedural myocardial infarction (pMI) have been associated with increased mortality. Whether similar associations exist among un-selected PCI patients is unknown.


METHODS
We used data from the EVENT (Evaluation of Drug Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events) registry-a multicenter registry of unselected patients undergoing PCI-to examine the association between both in-hospital bleeding and pMI and 1-year mortality. Cardiac enzyme levels were assessed in all patients, and pMI was defined as a peak creatine kinase-MB value >or=3x the upper limit of normal. Post-PCI bleeding was classified by Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction criteria.


RESULTS
After excluding patients with elevated pre-PCI creatine kinase-MB values and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at presentation (n = 1,626), a total of 5,961 patients were available for evaluation. Rates of post-PCI bleeding and pMI were 3.0% and 7.1%, respectively; 1-year all-cause mortality was 2.8%. After multivariable adjustment, both post-PCI bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 3.83, 95% confidence interval: 2.48 to 5.90, p < 0.001) and pMI (adjusted HR: 1.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.17 to 2.89, p = 0.009) were independently associated with 1-year mortality. Time period-specific analyses demonstrated that the adjusted HR for bleeding was similar for 30-day mortality and mortality between 1 month and 1 year, while the adjusted HR for pMI was greater for 30-day mortality as compared with mortality between 1 month and 1 year.


CONCLUSIONS
Among unselected PCI patients, both post-PCI bleeding and pMI are independently associated with increased 1-year mortality. Continued efforts to reduce these complications after PCI are warranted.
Lindsey
Jason B
JB
Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64111, USA.
Marso
Steven P
SP
Pencina
Michael
M
Stolker
Joshua M
JM
Kennedy
Kevin F
KF
Rihal
Charanjit
C
Barsness
Greg
G
Piana
Robert N
RN
Goldberg
Steven L
SL
Cutlip
Donald E
DE
Kleiman
Neal S
NS
Cohen
David J
DJ
D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D015415:Biomarkers; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form