title: Per os administered refined olive oil and marine PUFA-rich oils reach the cornea: possible role on oxidative stress through caveolin-1 modulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Olive oil and fish oils are known to possess beneficial properties for human health. We investigated whether different oils and fatty acids alone were able to decrease oxidative stress induced on corneal cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our in vivo study, rats were fed with marine oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or refined olive oil during 28 days. At the end of the protocol, corneas were analysed for their fatty acids composition to study the incorporation of fatty acids in cell membranes. In our in vitro study, a human corneal cell line was incubated with marine oils or refined olive oil and subjected to oxidative stress (tBHP 50 muM, 1 hour). Effects on reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondria and caveolin-1 expression were studied using microcytofluorometry, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicate that dietary oils changed the fatty acids composition of corneal cell membranes. According to our results, PUFA-rich oils and refined olive oil (free of antioxidants) blocked reactive oxygen species production. Oleic acid, the major fatty acid of olive oil, also decreased oxidative stress. Moreover, oleic acid modified caveolin-1 expression. Antioxidant properties of oleic acid could be due to disruption of membrane microdomains such as caveolae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oleic acid, a potential potent modulator of oxidative stress, could be added to PUFA-rich oils to prevent oxidative stress-linked corneal pathology.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mélody
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dutot
authors.affiliation: Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Lipides Membranaires et Fonctions Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-UR1154, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.affiliation: Lipides Membranaires et Fonctions Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-UR1154, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grynberg
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Warnet
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rat