title: Adherence to a traditional lifestyle affects food and nutrient intake among modern Swedish Sami.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the nutrient and food intake of Sami still engaged in reindeer herding (traditional lifestyle or reindeer-herding Sami [RS]) and Sami not involved in reindeer herding (industrialized lifestyle or non-reindeer-herding Sami [NRS]) with other northern Swedish populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of data from a prospective cardiovascular intervention program in northern Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were used from a prospective cardiovascular intervention program in northern Sweden. Sami recruited into this study were divided according to whether they were involved in reindeer herding (traditional lifestyle, RS) (66 females, 79 males) or not (NRS) (255 females, 195 males), and compared to non-Sami from the same area taking part in the same study (controls) (499 females, 501 males). Subjects completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and clinical parameters were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RS had a higher overall intake of energy for both females (P<0.01) and males (P<0.05), but not total food intake compared to controls and NRS. The overall Sami diet was characterized by a higher proportion of energy from protein and fat. RS had a lower energy adjusted intake of vitamins A and E, and fibre, and higher intake of sodium. RS and NRS both had a lower intake of vegetables and a higher intake of meat, and for RS, fish. Nutrient and food-intake patterns were similar for males and females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Classification of Sami into RS and NRS indicates that a traditional lifestyles defined by occupation is reflected in differences in food and nutrient intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Alastair.Ross@rdls.nestle.com
authors.forename: Alastair B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vavruch-Nilsson
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassler
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sjölander
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edin-Liljegren
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gyllensten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009753:Nutritive Value; D044382:Population Groups; D013548:Sweden