title: Intravenous contrast ultrasound examination using contrast-tuned imaging (CnTI) and the contrast medium SonoVue for discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses with solid components.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether intravenous contrast ultrasound examination is superior to gray-scale or power Doppler ultrasound for discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses with complex ultrasound morphology.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an international multicenter study, 134 patients with an ovarian mass with solid components or a multilocular cyst with more than 10 cyst locules, underwent a standardized transvaginal ultrasound examination followed by contrast examination using the contrast-tuned imaging technique and intravenous injection of the contrast medium SonoVue(R). Time intensity curves were constructed, and peak intensity, area under the intensity curve, time to peak, sharpness and half wash-out time were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity with regard to malignancy were calculated and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were drawn for gray-scale, power Doppler and contrast variables and for pattern recognition (subjective assignment of a certainly benign, probably benign, uncertain or malignant diagnosis, using gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound findings). The gold standard was the histological diagnosis of the surgically removed tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After exclusions (surgical removal of the mass > 3 months after the ultrasound examination, technical problems), 72 adnexal masses with solid components were used in our statistical analyses. The values for peak contrast signal intensity and area under the contrast signal intensity curve in malignant tumors were significantly higher than those in borderline tumors and benign tumors, while those for the benign and borderline tumors were similar. The area under the ROC curve of the best contrast variable with regard to diagnosing borderline or invasive malignancy (0.84) was larger than that of the best gray-scale (0.75) and power Doppler ultrasound variable (0.79) but smaller than that of pattern recognition (0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings on ultrasound contrast examination differed between benign and malignant tumors but there was a substantial overlap in contrast findings between benign and borderline tumors. It appears that ultrasound contrast examination is not superior to conventional ultrasound techniques, which also have difficulty in distinguishing between benign and borderline tumors, but can easily differentiate invasive malignancies from other tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Rome, Italy. atesta@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Timmerman
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Van Belle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fruscella
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Holsbeke
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Savelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrazzi
authors.forename: F P G
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marret
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tranquart
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Exacoustos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nazzaro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bokor
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Huffel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrandina
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valentin
mesh_terms: D000291:Adnexal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010743:Phospholipids; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride