title: Occupational exposure to bisphenol-A (BPA) and the risk of self-reported male sexual dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal studies have suggested that bisphenol-A (BPA) is a potential human endocrine disrupter; but evidence from human studies is needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an occupational cohort study to examine the effect of occupational exposure to BPA on the risk of male sexual dysfunction. Current workers from BPA-exposed and control factories were recruited. The exposed workers were exposed to very high BPA levels in their workplace. Male sexual function was ascertained through in-person interviews using a standard male sexual function inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BPA-exposed workers had consistently higher risk of male sexual dysfunction across all domains of male sexual function than the unexposed workers. After controlling for matching variables and potential confounders, exposed workers had a significantly increased risk of reduced sexual desire [odds ratios (OR) = 3.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.8-8.6), erectile difficulty (OR = 4.5, 95% CI 2.1-9.8), ejaculation difficulty (OR = 7.1, 95% CI 2.9-17.6), and reduced satisfaction with sex life (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 2.3-6.6). A dose-response relationship was observed with an increasing level of cumulative BPA exposure associated with a higher risk of sexual dysfunction. Furthermore, compared with the unexposed workers, BPA-exposed workers reported significantly higher frequencies of reduced sexual function within 1 year of employment in the BPA-exposed factories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide the first evidence that exposure to BPA in the workplace could have an adverse effect on male sexual dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. dkl@dor.kaiser.org
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qing
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ferber
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Herrinton
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Checkoway
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D012306:Risk; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds