title: Repaired cleft palate and ventilation tubes and their associations with cholesteatoma in children and adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence of ventilation tubes (VTs) on the formation of cholesteatoma and hearing in operated cleft palate patients with chronic ear problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective 72-month follow-up of 116 operated cleft palate patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic data, clinical examination, and hearing were evaluated. The patients were divided according to age and type of cleft and subdivided in a subgroup with (VT+) or without ventilation tube (VT-).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of ventilation tubes (VT) on the incidence of cholesteatoma formation and degree of hearing loss in operated cleft palate patients with chronic ear problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence of cholesteatoma was 15.5% (VT+, 14.0%; VT-, 16.7%; not significant). Bilateral hearing loss of >20 dB remained in 14.0% of the VT+ patients and in 22.7% of the VT- patients (p < .05). Submucous cleft palate (SM CP) adults (n = 15) developed high rates of cholesteatoma and hearing loss of >20 dB (both 26.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tube insertion had no influence on the development of cholesteatoma. Adults with submucous cleft palate especially require periodic otologic evaluation because they have Eustachian tube-related otologic disease and hearing loss at a higher rate than expected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otokaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Secion of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University of Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89070 Ulm, Germany. rudolf.reiter@uniklinik-ulm.de
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brosch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001299:Audiometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005064:Eustachian Tube / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric