title: The gait and balance of patients with diabetes  can be improved: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gait characteristics and balance are altered in diabetic patients. Little is known about possible treatment strategies. This study evaluates the effect of a specific training programme on gait and balance of diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomised controlled trial (n=71) with an intervention (n=35) and control group (n=36). The intervention consisted of physiotherapeutic group training including gait and balance exercises with function-orientated strengthening (twice weekly over 12 weeks). Controls received no treatment. Individuals were allocated to the groups in a central office. Gait, balance, fear of falls, muscle strength and joint mobility were measured at baseline, after intervention and at 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trial is closed to recruitment and follow-up. After training, the intervention group increased habitual walking speed by 0.149 m/s (p<0.001) compared with the control group. Patients in the intervention group also significantly improved their balance (time to walk over a beam, balance index recorded on Biodex balance system), their performance-oriented mobility, their degree of concern about falling, their hip and ankle plantar flexor strength, and their hip flexion mobility compared with the control group. After 6 months, all these variables remained significant except for the Biodex sway index and ankle plantar flexor strength. Two patients developed pain in their Achilles tendon: the progression for two related exercises was slowed down.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific training can improve gait speed, balance, muscle strength and joint mobility in diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to explore the influence of these improvements on the number of reported falls, patients' physical activity levels and quality of life.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00637546
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This work was supported by the Swiss National Foundation (SNF): PBSKP-123446/1/
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University and Caphri Research School, Maastricht, the Netherlands. lara.allet@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Allet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armand
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Bie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golay
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monnin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aminian
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Staal
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: de Bruin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D053580:Muscle Strength; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life