title: Placental site trophoblastic tumor: lymphatic spread and possible target markers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The behaviors of placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), especially lymphatic spread, have not been completely understood. We aimed to investigate the nature of lymphatic spread in PSTT as well as the expression of several molecules on tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 5 cases with PSTT were reviewed retrospectively. The expression of EGFR, VEGF, HER2/neu, and CD117 was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. A MEDLINE search was performed to identify patients with PSTT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were several special aspects in our 5 cases. One patient was postmenopausal and had a 33-year long interval from antecedent pregnancy; two patients had lymph node and ovarian involvement each; the postmenopausal patient had 4 relapses and survived 57 months after the first recurrence. Tumor cells in all cases were strongly positive for EGFR and VEGF and negative for HER2/neu and CD117. A total of 286 cases (281 from the literature and 5 from our data) were analyzed for lymphatic spread. Of them, 17 (5.9%) had lymph node metastases, including pelvic in 5 patients, para-aortic in 7, retroperitoneal but not specified in 2, and other sites in 6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymph node metastasis is one way of spread in PSTT. Retroperitoneal node, especially para-aortic node, is the most common site of lymphatic spread. EGFR and VEGF may be commonly expressed in PSTT tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jiehua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jihong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018245:Trophoblastic Tumor, Placental Site / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467484:VEGFA protein, human