title: Atrial interaction in the form of 'cross talk' in patients with ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Bernheim 'a' wave in the jugular venous pulse of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy has been shown to reflect accentuated right atrial activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study possible atrial interaction in patients with right and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to significant pulmonary (PS) and aortic valvular stenosis (AS) respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 41 PS patients (age 36 ± 10 year) and 41 AS patients (age 35 ± 12 year) and their results were compared with those of 27 controls (age 30 ± 7 year). RV and LV filling were recorded by conventional PW Doppler. Biventricular segmental function was studied using the PW tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and M-mode techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 patient groups had similar degree of ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Long axis function was impaired while global systolic function was preserved in the pressure-overloaded ventricle. Patients had higher peak late filling (A wave) and TDI late diastolic (Aa) velocities recorded in the disease-free ventricles despite having similar peak early filling velocities (E wave), E wave deceleration time and E/Ea ratios were not different from controls (p > 0.05 for all). Such accentuation of atrial activity (A wave) was moderately correlated with the degree of contralateral ventricular outflow tract obstruction (p < 0.001 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long axis function is more sensitive than global function in revealing myocardial dysfunction in the pressure-overloaded ventricles. The increased contralateral atrial systolic activity suggests an evidence for atrial interaction in the form of 'cross talk'.
authors.affiliation: Heart Centre and Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henein
authors.forename: Yat-Yin
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waldenstöm
authors.forename: Michael Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Henein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D016275:Atrial Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult