Clinical evaluation of a biphasic calcium composite grafting material in the treatment of human periodontal intrabony defects: a 12-month randomized controlled clinical trial.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of a novel biphasic calcium composite (BCC) biomaterial versus autogenous bone spongiosa (ABS) or open flap debridement (OFD) for the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.


METHODS
Forty-five subjects with at least one intrabony defect with a probing depth (PD) >or=7 mm and a vertical radiographic bone loss >or=3 mm were enrolled in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to treatment with BCC (n = 15), ABS (n = 15), or OFD (n = 15). Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and 12 months after surgery and included the plaque index, gingival index, PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession.


RESULTS
In all treatment groups, significant PD reductions and CAL gains occurred during the study period (P <0.0001). At 12 months, patients treated with BCC exhibited a mean PD reduction of 3.6 +/- 0.7 mm and a mean CAL gain of 3.0 +/- 0.8 mm compared to baseline. Corresponding values for patients treated with ABS were 3.4 +/- 0.8 mm and 2.9 +/- 0.9 mm, whereas OFD sites produced values of 2.8 +/- 0.8 mm and 1.6 +/- 0.7 mm. Compared to OFD, the additional CAL gain was significantly greater in patients treated with BCC (P = 0.002) and ABS (P = 0.001). The additional PD reduction was significant for the BCC group (P = 0.011) and borderline significant for the ABS group (P = 0.059). There were no significant differences of PD and CAL changes between BCC and ABS groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The clinical benefits of BCC were equivalent to ABS and superior to OFD alone. BCC may be an appropriate alternative to conventional graft materials.
Stein
Jamal M
JM
Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany. jstein@ukaachen.de
Fickl
Stefan
S
Yekta
Sareh Said
SS
Hoischen
Ulrich
U
Ocklenburg
Christina
C
Smeets
Ralf
R
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000601:surgery*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003646:Debridement; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000601:surgery; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000601:surgery; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013499:Surface Properties; D013500:Surface Tension; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D002133:Calcium Sulfate