Synovial immunopathology in haemochromatosis arthropathy.
BACKGROUND
Hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) is a common autosomal recessive inherited disorder that frequently causes arthritis. The pathophysiology of musculoskeletal involvement is, however, unclear.


OBJECTIVE
To analyse synovial tissue obtained at surgery from patients with HH arthropathy and compare it qualitatively and quantitatively with specimens from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA).


METHODS
Synovial tissue from 15 patients with HH, 20 with RA and 39 with OA was obtained during surgery. A synovitis grading system was used to determine the severity of synovial inflammation. Using immunohistochemistry, synovial neovascularisation and infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes were quantitatively assessed.


RESULTS
Synovitis in HH arthropathy largely resembles OA with mild infiltration of mononuclear cells and lymphocytes, formation of synovial microvessels and a low degree of synovial hyperplasia. While many features of HH arthropathy are reminiscent of OA, macrophage and especially neutrophil invasion is clearly more prominent in HH arthropathy than in primary OA and mimics features of RA. This finding was observed particularly in synovial tissue of HH samples with marked haemosiderin deposition.


CONCLUSIONS
The histological picture of the synovium in HH arthropathy largely resembles a process reminiscent of OA. Neutrophil invasion is, however, markedly increased in HH arthropathy, especially in joints with iron deposition. Accumulation of neutrophils may be crucial for the production of matrix enzymes, which enables cartilage degradation and more rapidly progressive articular damage.
Heiland
Gisela Ruiz
GR
Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Aigner
Elmar
E
Dallos
Tomás
T
Sahinbegovic
Enijad
E
Krenn
Veit
V
Thaler
Christoph
C
Weiss
Günter
G
Distler
Jörg H
JH
Datz
Christian
C
Schett
Georg
G
Zwerina
Jochen
J
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001168:Arthritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006432:Hemochromatosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000098:blood supply / Q000276:immunology*; D013585:Synovitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology