title: Modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by endogenous annexin A1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autoimmune diseases, like multiple sclerosis, are triggered by uncontrolled activation of cells of the immune system against self-antigen present, for instance, in the central nervous system. We have reported novel biological functions for Annexin A1, an effector of endogenous anti-inflammation, to produce positive actions on the adaptive immune system by reducing the threshold of T cell activation. In this study, we investigated the potential modulatory role of Annexin A1 in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male control C57/BL6 and AnxA1 null mice were immunized subcutaneously with an emulsion consisting of 300 microg of MOG35-55 in PBS combined with an equal volume of CFA. Lymph node cells obtained from mice immunized with MOG33-55 for 14 days were re-stimulated in vitro with MOG33-55 (100 microg/ml) for 4 days and the Th1/Th17 cytokine profile measured by ELISA. Spinal cords were processed either to isolate the infiltrated T cells or fixed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Statistical analyses were performed using two-tailed, unpaired Student's t tests or ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show a direct correlation between Annexin A1 expression and severity of EAE. Analysis of MOG35-55-induced EAE development in Annexin A1 null mice showed decreased signs of the disease compared to wild type mice. This defect was significant at the peak of the disease and accompanied by reduced infiltration of T cells in the spinal cord. Finally, analysis of the T cell recall response in vitro following stimulation with MOG35-55 showed a decrease proliferation of Annexin A1 null T cells, with a significantly reduced Th1/Th17 phenotype, compared to wild type cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together these findings suggest that Annexin A1 null mice have an impaired capacity to develop EAE. Furthermore strategies aiming at reducing Annexin A1 functions or expression in T cells might represent a novel therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M6BQ, UK.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paschalidis
authors.forename: Asif J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maione
authors.forename: Elisabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perretti
authors.forename: Rod J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Flower
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Acquisto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017305:Annexin A1 / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017305:Annexin A1; D016207:Cytokines; D006023:Glycoproteins; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C445081:myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55)