title: Job insecurity, socio-economic circumstances and depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Economic recessions are characterized by job insecurity and rising unemployment. The relationship between job insecurity and poor mental health is known. However, we do not know how this relationship is affected by individual socio-economic circumstances.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random probability sample comprising 3581 respondents (1746 men and 1835 women) were selected from the third national survey of psychiatric morbidity in Great Britain. Fieldwork was carried out throughout 2007. Depression was assessed using the revised Clinical Interview Schedule and ICD-10 research diagnostic criteria administered by well-trained lay interviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-fifth of all working men and women aged 16-64 years felt that their job security was poor. From a multivariate analysis of several job stressors, there was an increased likelihood of depression among those agreeing that their job security was poor [odds ratio (OR) 1.58, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.22-2.06, p<0.001]. After controlling for age and sex, job insecurity (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.47-2.35, p<0.001) and being in debt (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.58-2.98, p<0.001) were independently associated with depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Job insecurity has a strong association with feelings of depression even after controlling for biographic characteristics (age and sex), economic factors (personal debt) and work characteristics (type of work and level of responsibility). Despite the organizational changes needed to cope with a recession, employers should also take note of the additional distress experienced by workers at a time of great uncertainty, particularly those in less skilled jobs and in financial straits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. hm74@le.ac.uk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bebbington
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brugha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stansfeld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D057172:Economic Recession; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020415:Personnel Downsizing / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult