title: Serotonin activates MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in prostate cancer cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to examine the effects of 5-HT on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and Akt pathways in prostate cancer (PC) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  PC cell lines PC-3, Du145, and LNCaP stimulated with 5-HT in the presence of MEK or PI3K inhibitors and 5-HT receptor subtype 1A antagonist were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The proliferation assay BrdU and Boyden chamber were used to determine proliferation and migration, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5-HT dose-dependently induced rapid activation of Erk1/2 in PC-3 and Du145 cells, whereas in LNCaP cells, Erk1/2 phosphorylation was slow and sustained for up to 18 h. Similarly, 5-HT induced phosphorylation of Akt within 1 hour of stimulation, however, Akt phosphorylation was more pronounced in Du145 cells compared with PC-3 or LNCaP cells. The action of 5-HT was inhibited to varying degrees by inhibitors of MAPK and PI3K as well as by a 5-HT receptor subtype 1A antagonist. In addition to proliferation, 5-HT induced migration of PC-3 and Du145 cells, which were alleviated by the aforementioned inhibitors. The effects of 5-HT on LNCaP cells appeared to be related to neuroendocrine-phenotype acquisition and chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study addresses the role of 5-HT in Erk1/2 and Akt activation in PC cells. The data presented here identify 5-HT receptors as a novel target in castration-resistant PC. Furthermore, our observations are in line with previous studies, which point towards neuroendocrine factors facilitating progression and migration of prostatic cancer cells in an androgen-deficient environment. Nonetheless, additional studies are warranted to corroborate the role of 5-HTR antagonists as a potential target for anticancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Urologic Research, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. nishtman.dizeyi@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Nishtman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dizeyi
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedlund
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bjartell
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tinzl
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Austild-Taskén
authors.forename: Per-Anders
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Abrahamsson
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000473:pathology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D009025:Morpholines; D009570:Nitriles; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012701:Serotonin; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; C113580:U 0126; C058895:1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C535150:MAPK1 protein, human