title: Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes, and mucosal IgA anti-viral responses in women with cervical ectopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data on the prevalence of different human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and the associated mucosal immune response in women with cervical ectopy are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of different HPV genotypes and the mucosal anti-viral immune response in cervical ectopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detection and typing of HPV DNA was determined in 141 women with cervical ectopy, 272 cytologically normal controls and 98 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) by PCR and direct sequencing. Mucosal IgA antibodies to HPV16 and HPV18 were evaluated in cervical mucus by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of HPV in cervical ectopy was higher (73.7%) than that observed in control samples (30.5% in endocervix, and 1.8% in exocervix), but similar to the prevalence in LSIL (62.2%). Typing showed that the overall distribution frequency concerned 14 different genotypes, with HPV18 being the most prevalent in cervical ectopy (53.9%), whereas HPV16 predominated in LSIL (38.7%). High-risk HPV genotypes were 2.2 times more frequent in cervical ectopy than in the normal endocervix (p<0.0001). HPV infection in cervical ectopy patients was accompanied by a mucosal IgA-antibody response. Antibody reactivity to HPV18 was significantly higher than the response to HPV16.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cervical ectopy is a risk factor for infection with high-risk HPV genotypes, in particular HPV18. Our results emphasize the need of further studies to clarify the oncogenic potential of this virus in cervical ectopy.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico DF, CP 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: Olga L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Monroy
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lizano
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cruz-Talonia
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rocha-Zavaleta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D002582:Cervix Mucus / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D002579:Uterine Cervical Erosion / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A