title: Large-volume multi-tined expandable RF ablation in pig livers: comparison of 2D and volumetric measurements of the ablation zone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) measurements of ablation zones (AZs) related to the shaft of two different large-volume monopolar multi-tined expandable electrodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation was performed in 12 pigs (81.6 +/- 7.8 kg) using two electrodes (LeVeen 5 cm, Rita XL 5 cm; n = 6 in each group). Contrast-enhanced CT with the electrode shaft in place evaluated the AZ. The largest sphere centred on the electrode shaft within the AZ was calculated (1) based on the 2D axial CT image in the plane of the shaft assuming rotational symmetry of the AZ and (2) using prototype software and the 3D volume data of the AZ measured with CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean largest diameter of a sphere centred on the electrode shaft was always smaller using the 3D data of the AZ than using 2D CT measurements assuming rotational symmetry of the AZ (3D vs 2D): LeVeen 18.2 +/- 4.8 mm; 24.5 +/- 3.1 mm; p = 0.001; Rita XL 20.0 +/- 3.7 mm; 28.8 +/- 4.9 mm; p = 0.0002. All AZ showed indentations around the tines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-dimensional CT measurements assuming rotational symmetry of the AZ overestimate the largest ablated sphere centred on the electrode shaft compared with 3D CT measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50931, Cologne, Germany. cbangard@gmx.de
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bangard
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rösgen
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wahba
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiemker
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hellmich
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Jürgen H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Dirk L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Stippel
authors.forename: Klaus J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lackner
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003287:Contrast Media; D004566:Electrodes; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media