title: De novo synthesis of {beta}-catenin via H-Ras and MEK regulates airway smooth muscle growth.
abstract: beta-Catenin is a component of adherens junctions that also acts as a transcriptional coactivator when expressed in the nucleus. Growth factors are believed to regulate the nuclear expression of beta-catenin via inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) by phosphorylation, resulting in increased beta-catenin protein stability. Here, we report on a novel pathway that regulates the expression and nuclear presence of beta-catenin. In proliferating human airway smooth muscle cells, we observed increased expression of beta-catenin, which was required for proliferation. Interestingly, increased beta-catenin expression was accompanied by an increase in beta-catenin mRNA and was independent of beta-catenin liberation from the plasma membrane, suggesting a role for de novo synthesis. This was confirmed using actinomycin D and cycloheximide, which abrogated the induction and nuclear localization of beta-catenin protein. GSK-3 inhibition using SB216763 failed to regulate beta-catenin mRNA. However, expression of dominant negative H-Ras or pharmacological inhibition of MEK reduced serum and TGF-beta-induced beta-catenin mRNA and protein. Collectively, these data indicate that beta-catenin is an important signaling intermediate in airway smooth muscle growth and that its cellular accumulation and nuclear localization require de novo protein synthesis effected, in part, via H-Ras and MEK.-Gosens, R., Baarsma, H. A., Heijink, I. H., Oenema, T. A., Halayko, A. J., Meurs, H., Schmidt, M. De novo synthesis of beta-catenin via H-Ras and MEK regulates airway smooth muscle growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands. r.gosens@rug.nl
authors.forename: Reinoud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gosens
authors.forename: Hoeke A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Baarsma
authors.forename: Irene H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Heijink
authors.forename: Tjitske A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Oenema
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Halayko
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meurs
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology*; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D009570:Nitriles; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C113580:U 0126; D051176:beta Catenin; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one