title: Mercury exposure and oxidative stress in communities of the Brazilian Amazon.
abstract: This study was designed to assess possible associations between biomarkers of mercury (Hg) exposure and oxidative stress in fish-eating Amazonian communities. Clinical samples were obtained from riparians living in the Brazilian Amazon. Biomarkers of oxidative stress (glutathione - GSH, glutathione peroxidase - GSH-Px, catalase - CAT, activity and reactivation index of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase - ALA-D (R%) were determined in blood. Total Hg was measured in whole blood (B-Hg), plasma (P-Hg) and hair (H-Hg). Association between biomarkers of Hg exposure and oxidative stress were examined using multiple regression models, including age, gender, alcohol consumption, smoking status, fish consumption and then stratified for gender. Significant inverse relations were observed between GSH-Px, GSH, CAT, ALA-D activity and B-Hg or H-Hg (p<0.05). ALA-D reactivation index was positively related to B-Hg (p<0.0001). P-Hg was directly related to ALA-D reactivation index and inversely associated with GSH-Px, GSH, and ALA-D activity (p<0.05). When stratified for gender, women showed significant inverse associations between all biomarkers of Hg exposure and CAT (p<0.05) or GSH (p<0.05), while for men only P-Hg showed a significant inverse relation with GSH (p<0.001). Our results clearly demonstrated an association between Hg exposure and oxidative stress. Moreover, for B-Hg, P-Hg and H-Hg gender differences were present.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grotto
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fillion
authors.forename: Carlos José Souza
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Passos
authors.forename: Solange Cristina
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mergler
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbosa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017669:Mercury Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D008630:Mercury Poisoning / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000097:blood; D045483:Rivers; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D017669:Mercury Compounds; D010088:Oxidoreductases