title: [Non-cardiac chest pain].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-cardiac chest pain or functional chest pain is a syndrome with high prevalence in occidental world. Findings on 15%-30% of coronary angiograms performed in patients with chest pain are normal. Causes significant impact in quality of life of patients and is associated with increased use of the health care facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  To this review the following data base were accessed: Medline, the Cochrane Library, LILACS. The limit was the last 5 years publications and were selected relevant original articles, reviews, consensus, guidelines and meta-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four papers were selected, 28 original articles, 12 reviews, 2 guidelines, 1 consensus and 1 meta-analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exclusion of cardiac disease is of crucial importance. On the other hand non-cardiac chest pain could be related to gastrointestinal, muscular and respiratory causes and/or psychological disturbances. Treatment aims to attack mechanism generator in order to relieve or to eliminate symptoms. Drugs are the cornerstone of treatment, exception to achalasia patients because those have better response to dilation of the esophagus or surgery, and to those who need intensive psychological therapy. The most important drugs used are proton pump inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants, the latter, to modulate central signal process (visceral hypersensitivity) and autonomic response. Recently, new diagnostic facilities, and also therapeutic modalities, such as esophageal botulin toxin injection and hypnosis are under investigations. In the near future, maybe some of them would take a place in the therapeutic scenario of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Gama Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. gersondomingues@grdgastro.com.br
authors.forename: Gerson Ricardo de Souza
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Domingues
authors.forename: Joaquim Prado P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Moraes-Filho
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans