title: The impact of male circumcision on HIV transmission.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adult male circumcision is currently being implemented as an HIV prevention strategy worldwide. We reviewed the literature on adult male circumcision in the prevention of HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE search was used to identify current literature addressing HIV and male circumcision. The data from that literature were reviewed and summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three randomized, controlled trials demonstrate that circumcising adult males reduces the incidence of HIV by 50% to 60%. Adult male circumcision does not seem to have an adverse impact on sexual function. Epidemiological and economic modeling suggests that adult male circumcision can potentially be a highly cost-effective strategy for HIV prevention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Safe, high quality, low cost adult male circumcision services should be made available to regions with a high HIV incidence as part of a comprehensive HIV prevention package.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Philip R Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94143-1695, USA.
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Nap
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosang
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male