title: Balanced management of hepatic trauma is associated with low liver-related mortality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic trauma is a rare surgical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic strategies have been controversially discussed during the last decades.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 47 consecutive patients with hepatic trauma treated at the University Hospital of Leipzig between 2004 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed for the severity of liver injury, management, morbidity, and mortality and compared to a preceding cohort. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors influencing mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to 63 patients treated between 1993 and 2003, moderate liver injuries (grades I-III) occurred more frequently (p = 0.0006), and the proportion of patients that were managed operatively decreased from 68.9% to 37.5%. Twenty patients (42.6%) were treated conservatively (all grades I to III) and 27 surgically (47.4%). In detail, five patients were treated by hepatic packing alone, 13 by suture or coagulation, five by atypical resection, and four by hemihepatectomy. The overall mortality was 8.5% with a liver-related mortality rate of 2.1%. According to severity grades I-III, IV, and V, mortality rates were 0%, 18.2%, and 50.0%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified Injury Severity Score (ISS) >30, Moore grades IV and V, hemoglobin at admission <6.0 mmol/L, and need for transfusion of >12 erythrocyte concentrates to be significant risk factors for early posttraumatic death, while multivariate analysis only ISS >30 revealed to be of prognostic significance for early postoperative survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to a previous cohort in the same hospital, more patients were treated conservatively. Management of liver injuries presented with a low liver-related mortality rate. Grades I-III injuries can safely be treated by conservative means with excellent results. However, complex hepatic injuries may often require surgical treatment ranging from packing to complex hemihepatectomy. Hence, for selection of appropriate therapeutic options, patients with hepatic injuries should be treated in a specialized institution.
authors.affiliation: Division of Visceral-, Transplantation-, Thoracic- and Vascular- Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. christoph.benckert@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benckert
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thelen
authors.forename: Gereon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gaebelein
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hepp
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Josten
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jonas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult