title: The p38/MAPK pathway regulates microtubule polymerization through phosphorylation of MAP4 and Op18 in hypoxic cells.
abstract: In both cardiomyocytes and HeLa cells, hypoxia (1% O(2)) quickly leads to microtubule disruption, but little is known about how microtubule dynamics change during the early stages of hypoxia. We demonstrate that microtubule associated protein 4 (MAP4) phosphorylation increases while oncoprotein 18/stathmin (Op18) phosphorylation decreases after hypoxia, but their protein levels do not change. p38/MAPK activity increases quickly after hypoxia concomitant with MAP4 phosphorylation, and the activated p38/MAPK signaling leads to MAP4 phosphorylation and to Op18 dephosphorylation, both of which induce microtubule disruption. We confirmed the interaction between phospho-p38 and MAP4 using immunoprecipitation and found that SB203580, a p38/MAPK inhibitor, increases and MKK6(Glu) overexpression decreases hypoxic cell viability. Our results demonstrate that hypoxia induces microtubule depolymerization and decreased cell viability via the activation of the p38/MAPK signaling pathway and changes the phosphorylation levels of its downstream effectors, MAP4 and Op18.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiong-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhi-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yong-ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guang-ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yue-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002470:Cell Survival; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050777:Stathmin / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D050777:Stathmin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases