title: Job stress: its relationship to hospital pharmacists' insomnia and work outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research must examine the nature of the work environment in order to achieve insight into the causes and effects of factors relevant to reducing job-related stress and improving the quality of work.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to describe the job stressors of hospital pharmacists and to explore their effects on hospital pharmacists' insomnia and work-related outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study employed a cross-sectional, mailed survey. Structured questionnaires were distributed by postal mail to hospital pharmacists between February and April 2005. The individual hospital pharmacist is the unit of analysis. Descriptive analyses and structural equation modeling were performed on the survey responses from the 247 hospital pharmacists who responded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The top ten stress burdens occur in the areas of dispensing, pharmacy management, and hospital rules. The study findings confirmed the proposed hypotheses: that a hospital pharmacist's job stressors are related to his or her insomnia, intention to reduce working hours, intention to change job content, and intention to quit employment. The study also found associations between hospital pharmacists' social supports, gender, age, and monthly income and their insomnia and work outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hygienic job stressors based on Herzberg's two-factor motivation theory were examined in this study. These stressors were verified to be related to hospital pharmacists' insomnia and work outcomes. Hospital administrators could consider ways to improve the influences on hospital pharmacists' health.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Therapy Division, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Blossom Yen-Ju
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Hung
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Thomas T H
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017132:Workplace