title: Oxidative modification of fibrinogen affects its binding activity to glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proteins are sensitive biomarkers of human disease condition associated with oxidative stress. Alteration of protein structures by oxidants may result in partial or complete loss of protein functions. We have investigated the effect of structural modifications induced by metal ion catalyzed oxidation of fibrinogen on its binding capacity to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GpIIb/IIIa) and human platelets.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified and quantified of binding capacity of native and oxidized fibrinogen to its receptor in vitro by flow cytometer. Dityrosine formation on oxidized fibrinogen were detected spectrophotometrically. Elevated degradation products of fibrinogen after oxidation were revealed in the HPLC analysis. The native and oxidized fibrinogen were analyzed on mass spectrum upon digestion with trypsin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxidatively modified fibrinogen showed less binding activity than native fibrinogen to GpIIb/IIIa coated micro beads and human platelets whereas slightly higher binding capacity to ADP induced stimulated platelets. Formation of di-tyrosines in the amino acid side chains of fibrinogen were observed upon oxidation. Decreased binding capacity of oxidized fibrinogen correlated with intensities of dityrosine formation. Oxidized fibrinogen had more ion-mass intensities at higher than native fibrinogen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Important point is decreased of binding capacity of the oxidized fibrinogen to own receptor. The decreased rate of binding, leading to effect in the diseases of clot formation may account for the association between oxidation of fibrinogen and the incidence of effect in human diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, Turkey. stetik@marmara.edu.tr
authors.forename: Sermin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tetik
authors.forename: Kurtulus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eksioglu-Demiralp
authors.forename: Turay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yardimci
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D005340:Fibrinogen