title: The major complications of transpedicular vertebroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vertebroplasty is a well-known technique used to treat pain associated with vertebral compression fractures. Despite a success rate of up to 90% in different series, the procedure is often associated with major complications such as cord and root compression, epidural and subdural hematomas (SDHs), and pulmonary emboli, as well as other minor complications. In this study, the authors discuss the major complications of transpedicular vertebroplasty and their clinical implications during the postoperative course.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vertebroplasty was performed in 12 vertebrae of 7 patients. Five patients had osteoporotic compression fractures, 1 had tumoral compression fractures, and 1 had a traumatic fracture. Two patients had foraminal leakage, 1 had epidural leakage, 1 had subdural cement leakage, 2 had a spinal SDH, and the last had a split fracture after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients had paraparesis (2 had SDHs and 1 had epidural cement leakage), 3 had root symptoms, and 1 had lower back pain. Two of the 3 patients with paraparesis recovered after evacuation of the SDH and subdural cement; however, 1 patient with paraparesis did not recover after epidural cement leakage, despite cement evacuation. Two patients with foraminal leakage and 1 with subdural cement leakage had root symptoms and recovered after evacuation and conservative treatment. The patient with the split fracture had no neurological symptoms and recovered with conservative treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transpedicular vertebroplasty may have major complications, such as a spinal SDH and/or cement leakage into the epidural and subdural spaces, even when performed by experienced spinal surgeons. Early diagnosis with CT and intervention may prevent worsening of these complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale 18 March University, Canakkale, Turkey. drcosar@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cosar
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasani
authors.forename: Tunc
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oktenoglu
authors.forename: Tuncay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaner
authors.forename: Omur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ercelen
authors.forename: K Cagri
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kose
authors.forename: A Fahir
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ozer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D050815:Fractures, Compression / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D054854:Vertebroplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*