title: Variation of keratin 7 expression and other phenotypic characteristics of independent isolates of cadmium transformed human urothelial cells (UROtsa).
abstract: This laboratory has shown that a human urothelial cell line (UROtsa) transformed by cadmium (Cd(2+)) produced subcutaneous tumor heterotransplants that resemble human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). In the present study, additional Cd(2+) transformed cell lines were isolated to determine if independent exposures of the cell line to Cd(2+) would result in malignantly transformed cell lines possessing similar phenotypic properties. Seven independent isolates were isolated and assessed for their doubling times, morphology, ability to heterotransplant subcutaneously and in the peritoneal cavity of nude mice, and for the expression of keratin 7. The 7 cell lines all displayed an epithelial morphology with no evidence of squamous differentiation. Doubling times were variable among the isolates, being significantly reduced or similar to those of the parental cells. All 7 isolates were able to form subcutaneous tumor heterotransplants with a TCC morphology, and all heterotransplants displayed areas of squamous differentiation of the transitional cells. The degree of squamous differentiation varied among the isolates. In contrast to subcutaneous tumor formation, only 1 isolate of the Cd(2+) transformed cells (UTCd#1) was able to effectively colonize multiple sites within the peritoneal cavity. An analysis of keratin 7 expression showed no correlation with squamous differentiation for the subcutaneous heterotransplants generated from the 7 cell lines. Keratin 7 was expressed in 6 of the 7 cell lines and their subcutaneous tumor heterotransplants. Keratin 7 was not expressed in the cell line that was able to form tumors within the peritoneal cavity. These results show that individual isolates of Cd(2+) transformed cells have both similarities and differences in their phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Somji
authors.forename: Xu Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehus
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sens
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Krista L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Jane R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dunlevy
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D053552:Keratin-7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053552:Keratin-7; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002104:Cadmium