title: Invasive aspergillosis presenting with a painless complete ophthalmoplegia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on a patient who presented with complete ophthalmoplegia as a first symptom of fatal invasive aspergillosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the clinical course of an immunocompromised 68-year-old man with unclear painless loss of vision, ptosis and ophthalmoplegia of the right eye lasting for 10 days which was referred from an ophthalmological outpatient clinic. He had a history of kidney transplantation after renal failure, diabetes mellitus II, and coronary heart disease. He was on immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus, mycophenolate and prednisolone since renal transplantation. The initial cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was unremarkable. The additional thin section computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses was suspicious for bone erosion of the superior wall of the right sphenoidal sinus. Initial laboratory testing and cerebrospinal fluid were without pathological findings. When the patient showed signs of generalised sepsis he was transferred to the intensive care unit. Due to fulminant sepsis it was not possible to perform the planned biopsy. The patient died a few days later of cardio-respiratory insufficiency. The consecutive autopsy revealed invasive aspergillosis of paranasal sinuses with infiltration into the orbita and intracranial spreading into sinus cavernous. Autopsy also showed aspergillus pneumonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Invasive aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses and the skull base is most often a lethal condition in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, rapid diagnostics applying radiological (CT and MRI) and surgical procedures (biopsy) and immediate ignition of antimycotic treatment can be life-saving.
authors.affiliation: Paracelsus Medical University and Salzburger Landesklinken, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, University Hospital of Neurology, Ignaz Harrerstrasse 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. p.wipfler@salk.at
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wipfler
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pilz
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golaszewski
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luthringshausen
authors.forename: Frieder
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berr
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kemmerling
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neureiter
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ladurner
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D055732:Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed