title: BODE index and GOLD staging as predictors of 1-year exacerbation risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The body mass index/airflow obstruction/dyspnea/exercise capacity (BODE) index and global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) staging system are validated measures to define disease severity and to predict survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to investigate the influence of BODE classes (score: 0-2, 3-4, 5-7, and 7-10) and GOLD stages (I, II, III, and IV) on the moderate/severe exacerbation occurrence risk in a cohort of 120 mild/very severe stable patients with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographics, clinical evaluation, spirometry, peripheral oxygen saturation, body composition, 6-minute walking distance, dyspnea, and quality of life measurements were obtained at baseline. Patients were followed up for 1 year or until death, and information on exacerbation was collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median annual exacerbation rate was 0.8. Logistic regression showed that the relationship between the risk for moderate/severe exacerbations during a 1-year follow-up for the GOLD stage was odds ratio: 2.01; 95% confidence interval: 1.39-2.98 and for the BODE index was odds ratio: 2.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.27-3.61. The area under the receiver-operator curve to predict exacerbation during the 1-year follow-up was 0.69 for the GOLD stage and 0.62 for the BODE index. Adjusted multiple logistic regression selected only older age and lower peripheral oxygen saturation as risk factors for COPD exacerbation in the 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, our study shows that unidimensional GOLD classification and multidimensional BODE index staging systems seem to have similar clinical utility in predicting exacerbation in ambulatory COPD patients with COPD. However, variables not included in both systems seem to be the main predictors of the exacerbation risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Centro Universitário Católico Salesiano Auxilium-Unisalesiano, São Paulo, Brazil. marciafaganello@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Márcia Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Faganello
authors.forename: Suzana Erico
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tanni
authors.forename: Fernanda Figueirôa
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Nilva Regina Gelamo
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Pelegrino
authors.forename: Paulo Adolfo
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lucheta
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Godoy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013147:Spirometry / Q000592:standards