title: Resolvin E1 receptor activation signals phosphorylation and phagocytosis.
abstract: Resolvins are endogenous lipid mediators that actively regulate the resolution of acute inflammation. Resolvin E1 (RvE1; (5S,12R,18R)-trihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediator derived from eicosapentaenoic acid that regulates leukocyte migration and enhances macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils to resolve inflammation. In the inflammatory milieu, RvE1 mediates counter-regulatory actions initiated via specific G protein-coupled receptors. Here, we have identified RvE1-specific signaling pathways initiated by the RvE1 receptor ChemR23. RvE1 stimulated phosphorylation of Akt that was both ligand- and receptor-dependent. RvE1 regulated Akt phosphorylation in a time (0-15 min)- and dose-dependent (0.01-100 nm) manner in human ChemR23-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. RvE1 stimulated phosphorylation of both Akt and a 30-kDa protein, a downstream target of Akt, identified using a phospho-Akt substrate antibody. The 30-kDa protein was identified as ribosomal protein S6, a translational regulator, and its phosphorylation was inhibited by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (wortmannin) and an ERK inhibitor (PD98059) but not by a p38-MAPK inhibitor (SB203580). Ribosomal protein S6 is a downstream target of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as well as the Raf/ERK pathway. In ChemR23-expressing differentiated HL60 cells, RvE1 also stimulated the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. In addition, RvE1 enhanced phagocytosis of zymosan A by human macrophages, which are inhibited by PD98059 and rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor). These results indicate that RvE1 initiates direct activation of ChemR23 and signals receptor-dependent phosphorylation. These phosphorylation-signaling pathways identified for RvE1 receptor-ligand interactions underscore the importance of endogenous pro-resolving agonists in resolving acute inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arita
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Recchiuti
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Van Dyke
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Serhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D015054:Zymosan / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C102741:CMKLR1 protein, human; D005419:Flavonoids; D008055:Lipids; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D015054:Zymosan; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; C499823:5S,12R,18R-trihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D020123:Sirolimus