title: [Polymorphism and the level of P450 gene expression in xenobiotic metabolism].
abstract: Polymorphism and the level of P450 gene expression influence metabolic pathway of xenobiotics. The highest number, over 40 polymorphic forms were determined for CYP2D6 enzyme and they expressed various activity. Whereas, only two forms of lower activity were found in the case of CYP2C9. However, CYP3A4 mutations have not influenced metabolic activity of the enzyme. Three transcription factors PXR, CAR and AhR are crucial for gene expression regulation of cytochrome P450. They regulate the induction of CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and CYP1A2 genes, respectively. PXR is activated by binding specific ligand, whereas the activator of constitutive CAR receptor seems not to be the ligand and it might induce dephosphorylation. After being transported to the nucleus, activated receptors PXR, CAR or AhR formed heterodimers and then, with participation of the following coactivators bind to PBREM, XREM or DRE regulatory motifs of DNA, respectively. The activation of nuclear receptors strongly influences the drug-drug interactions that are essential for the efficiency of drug, particularly in the field of anticancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niemira
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiśniewska
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mazerska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015262:Xenobiotics; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human