title: Diagnosis influences response of cerebral near infrared spectroscopy to intracranial hypertension in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe cerebral regional oxygen saturation measured by near infrared spectroscopy in the setting of normal and increased intracranial pressure in children to evaluate the association between cerebral regional oxygen saturation and intracranial pressure in comparison with other clinical variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two academic tertiary care centers' pediatric intensive care units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with intracranial pressure and near infrared spectroscopy monitoring (median age, 11.5 yrs; interquartile range, 5.2-13 yrs) for a range of neurologic diagnoses, including brain tumor, trauma, intracerebral hemorrhage, and hydrocephalus.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Temporally correlated cerebral regional oxygen saturation with hematologic (hematocrit), biochemical (pH), and physiological (intracranial pressure, mean arterial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, temperature, heart rate, pulse oximetry and end-tidal carbon dioxide) variables. Cerebral regional oxygen saturation during episodes of increased intracranial pressure was lower than with normal intracranial pressure (mean +/- sd intracranial pressure >20 = 71% +/- 13% vs. intracranial pressure <20 = 75% +/- 10%), although the mean difference (-4%) is small compared with variability in the measurement. Neither isolated values nor change in cerebral regional oxygen saturation were significantly associated with intracranial pressure or cerebral perfusion pressure in the overall population. Isolated values and change in end-tidal CO2 were significantly correlated with cerebral regional oxygen saturation and change in cerebral regional oxygen saturation (all p < 0.01). In exploratory analyses, the diagnostic group significantly modified the effect of intracranial hypertension on regional oxygen saturation: regional oxygen saturation decreased during intracranial hypertension in patients with brain tumors (p = .05) and hydrocephalus (p < .001) but increased during intracranial hypertension in those with intracranial hemorrhage (p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that cerebral regional oxygen saturation is lower with intracranial hypertension. However, the relationship between cerebral regional oxygen saturation and intracranial pressure is strongly influenced by diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Zuluaga
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Esch
authors.forename: Natalie Z
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Cvijanovich
authors.forename: Nalin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: McQuillen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012495:San Francisco; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen