title: Risk of gynecological cancers in users of estradiol/dydrogesterone or other HRT preparations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been associated with an elevated risk of gynecological cancers. There is evidence that the effect differs with the type of hormone used. Dydrogesterone is pharmacologically very similar to progesterone.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the UK-based General Practice Research Database (GPRD) to conduct a follow-up study with a nested case-control analysis. We assessed and compared the risk of developing breast, ovarian, endometrial/uterine or cervical cancer in estradiol/dydrogesterone (E/D) users, users of other HRT, or non-users of HRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The breast cancer incidence rates were 2.41 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.81-3.15), 3.28 (95% CI 3.01-3.55) and 3.16 (95% CI 2.92-3.42) per 1000 person-years for E/D users, users of other HRT or non-users, respectively. In a direct comparison, the breast cancer risk for E/D users was lower than for users of other HRT (odds ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.56-1.05). The incidence rates of other gynecological cancers were similar or also slightly lower for E/D users than for users of other HRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that the risk of developing gynecological cancers with E/D use of several months to a few years is similar to the risks of developing gynecological cancer without HRT or use of other HRT.
authors.affiliation: Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jick
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Meier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004394:Dydrogesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D004394:Dydrogesterone