title: HIV in the leather community: rates and risk-related behaviors.
abstract: There exist many subcultures of men who have sex with men (MSM), all with differing values and health behaviors. The Leathermen comprise one such subculture, which is characterized by a heightened valuation of hypersexuality and adherence to sexual control dynamics (i.e., submission and dominance). No previous research has specifically examined this community for differences in sexual health (e.g., HIV rates) and sexual health behaviors (e.g., condom use). We conducted a large survey of men (N = 1,554) at one leather and non-leather event, collecting data from 655 Submissives, Dominants, Switches, and non-orienting Leathermen. Leathermen were 61% more likely to be HIV-positive than non-Leathermen. Decreased condom use found in HIV-positive Leathermen (relative to HIV-positive non-Leathermen) was a potential factor contributing to heightened HIV rates. Universal low condom use in Submissives engaging in receptive, and Dominants engaging in insertive, anal intercourse was an additional trend that potentially contributed to increased numbers of HIV-positive Leathermen. Our recommendation is for heightened awareness of the risks associated with sex among Leathermen, especially unprotected anal intercourse with sero-uncertain Submissives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication, University of Texas at San Antonio, 78249, USA. david.moskowitz@utsa.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Seal
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rintamaki
authors.forename: Gerulf
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rieger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000635:transmission; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult