title: Steady-state pharmacokinetics and tolerability of orally administered fampridine sustained-release 10-mg tablets in patients with multiple sclerosis: a 2-week, open-label, follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fampridine sustained release (SR) has generally been well tolerated in clinical studies in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) at doses < or = 20 mg/d. The pharmacokinetics of single escalating doses of fampridine SR (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg) were evaluated in a companion study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective of this study, which followed on from the single-dose pharmacokinetic study, was to assess the steady-state pharmacokinetics of fampridine in patients with MS over 2 weeks of oral administration of open-label fampridine SR 20 mg BID. Tolerability was also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dose of fampridine SR was titrated upward to twice-daily administration over days 1 and 2, with 20 mg given in the morning and 10 mg in the evening. From days 3 to 14, patients received fampridine SR 20 mg BID (total daily dose, 40 mg). Fampridine pharmacokinetic parameters were determined on days 1, 8, and 15. The parameters of interest included C(max), T(max), C(min), AUC, and apparent t((1/2)) These parameters were compared with those from the single-dose study. Tolerability was assessed based on adverse events, physical examinations, vital signs, laboratory tests, and ECGs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one white patients who participated in the single-dose study were enrolled in the steady-state study (52.4% female; mean [SD] age, 45.1 [7.4] years; weight range, 54-87 kg). Fampridine pharmacokinetic parameters on day 1 were consistent with those obtained in the single-dose study. The T(max) did not differ significantly between day 1, day 8, day 15, and the single-dose study (range, 3.25-3.78 hours). C(max) values on days 8 and 15 (66.7 and 62.6 ng/mL, respectively) were significantly higher than those on day 1 (48.6 ng/mL) and in the single-dose study (50.5 ng/mL) (all, P < 0.001), reflecting accumulation of fampridine with multiple dosing. Values for C(max)/C(min) did not differ significantly between day 1 and the single-dose study (2.44 and 2.43, respectively) or between days 8 and 15 (2.90 and 2.88, respectively); however, the single-dose and day-1 values differed significantly from the day-8 and day-15 values (P < or = 0.001). There were no significant differences with respect to any other pharmacokinetic parameters. One hundred adverse events were reported by 21 patients. With the exception of 1 case of severe nausea, all adverse events were of mild to moderate severity. Thirty-five events reported by 14 subjects were considered treatment related. Dizziness was the most common treatment-related adverse event, with 11 episodes reported by 8 patients. No clinically significant changes were found in clinical laboratory values, vital signs, or physical examination findings from baseline to the last visit, and there were no clinically significant changes in QTc intervals (Bazett's correction).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these patients with MS, the steady-state pharmacokinetic profile of fampridine SR 20 mg BID administered for 2 weeks appeared to support the use of twice-daily dosing in this population. This dosage was generally well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Blight
authors.forename: Herbert R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Henney
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001835:Body Weight; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015761:4-Aminopyridine