title: The effect of bone marrow aspiration strategy on the yield and quality of human mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large inter-donor differences exist in human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) yield and the response of these cells to osteogenic stimuli. The source of these differences may be clinical differences in stem cell characteristics between individuals or the aspiration procedure itself.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a total of 23 donors, we aimed to take 2 consecutive 10-mL aspirates from the same site in 17 donors and in 6 donors we aimed to take a 5-mL and a 20-mL aspirate. The aspiration was stopped either when the syringe was full or when no more bone marrow came through. Mononuclear cell yield (MNC), MSC yield, and differentiation capacity were analyzed for intra-donor and inter-donor variation. We analyzed the effect of the dilution with peripheral blood by drawing 20 mL at once.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a high correlation between the first and second aspiration volumes, and aspirates with a volume of less than 8 mL showed a large variation in cellular yield. The second 10-mL aspirate, and also 20-mL aspirates, contained a lower concentration of nucleated cells and yielded lower numbers of mesenchymal stem cells. No effect of the aspiration procedure on the biological characteristics of the mesenchymal stem cells was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend collection volumes of bone marrow aspirates of at least 8 mL to reduce the risk of obtaining aspirates with low cell numbers. From the same site, a second aspiration or an aspirate of > 10 mL can be drawn without any loss of biological quality due to dilution with peripheral blood.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eelco M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fennema
authors.forename: Auke J S
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Renard
authors.forename: Anouk
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leusink
authors.forename: Clemens A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: van Blitterswijk
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Boer
mesh_terms: D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D002452:Cell Count; D002469:Cell Separation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering