title: Robotic assisted laparoscopic salvage prostatectomy for radiation resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on outcomes of robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy as salvage local therapy for radiation resistant prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients who underwent robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for biopsy proven prostate cancer after primary radiation treatment. Patient characteristics, intraoperative and perioperative data, and oncological and functional outcomes were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 patients were identified with a median followup of 18 months (range 4.5 to 40). Primary treatment was brachytherapy in 8 patients and external beam radiation in 8, while 2 underwent proton beam therapy. Median age at salvage robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy was 67 years (range 53 to 76). Median preoperative prostate specific antigen was 6.8 ng/ml (range 1 to 28.9) and median time to surgery after primary treatment with radiation was 79 months (range 7 to 146). Median operative parameters for estimated blood loss, surgery length and hospital stay were 150 ml, 2.6 hours and 2 days, respectively. No patient required conversion to open surgery or a blood transfusion, or experienced a rectal injury. Perioperative complications occurred in 7 patients (39%) of which the most common was urine leak identified by postoperative cystogram. Five patients (28%) had a positive surgical margin. Although some patients had limited followup, 6 (33%) were continent and 67% were free of biochemical progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy can be performed safely as salvage local therapy after failed radiation therapy. Outcomes are comparable to those of large series of open salvage prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA. jaeandi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eandi
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: David Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Josephson
authors.forename: Clayton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics