title: Phosphorus budget in the low-income, peri-urban area of Kibera in Nairobi (Kenya).
abstract: Kibera, located in Nairobi, Kenya is one of the largest (235,000 inhabitants) low-income areas in East Africa. Surface waters in Kibera show high pollution levels with respect to SRP (soluble reactive phosphorus; range: 2-10 mg P/L), coming from the uncontrolled wastewater discharges in the area. The different P production and consumption values in Kibera were estimated using interviews (155 interviewed) as well as detailed P house-keeping for five representative families. The results show that highest P consumption comes from food, in particular cereals. Highest P production came from urine (55% of the total) and faeces (31%), with relatively lower contributions from grey water and solid wastes. The overall P budget in Kibera amounted to around 9 x 10(3) kg P/month. This is equivalent to 0.47 g P/person yr, both for P production and consumption, with a relative error of 20%. Comparing with the estimated P outflows via the Kibera surface waters, around 65% of the P produced in Kibera will leave the area. In future ECOSAN techniques such as urine separation could well be applied for efficient recycling of these waste sources.
authors.affiliation: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO BOX 3015, Delft DA 2601, The Netherlands. p.kelderman@unesco-ihe.org
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kelderman
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Koech
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gumbo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Keeffe
mesh_terms: D003246:Conservation of Energy Resources; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005504:Food Analysis; D006795:Household Products; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D010758:Phosphorus