title: High-resolution endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound for evaluation of early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is useful for detecting depth of invasion and nodal involvement in patients with early Barrett's neoplasia (EBN), precluding endoscopic management. This study aimed to determine whether the lesion morphology of the EBN shown on high-resolution endoscopy predicts EUS and histologic tumor stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective series from two tertiary referral centers were studied. Patients with EBN referred for EUS evaluation before treatment were identified, and data were collected from endoscopies, a database, and case notes. All patients had high-resolution endoscopy followed by radial EUS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included 50 patients (22 men) with a median age of 69 years (interquartile range, 60-79 years). Visible lesions in the Barrett's segment were described as Paris types 0-1 (n = 9), 0-IIb (n = 12), 0-IIa (n = 12), 0-IIa + IIc (n = 6), and 0-IIc (n = 5). Of the 50 patients, 46 (92%) had either EMR (n = 17), esophagectomy (n = 23), or both (n = 6). All 12 patients (100%) with Paris 0-IIb lesions had T0/T1 m staging on EUS confirmed with resection histology. The sensitivity for EUS T-staging for Paris classification was 71.4% for type 0-I, 100% for type 0-IIb, 83% for type 0-IIa, 66.7% for type 0-IIa + IIc, and 66.7% for type IIc. Overall, 8 (17%) of the 46 patients were understaged and 2 (4%) were overstaged. For detecting submucosal invasion, EUS had a sensitivity of 66%, a specificity of 93%, a negative predictive value of 85%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 84.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Submucosal invasion is detected by EUS for 26% of patients with EBN. The value of EUS staging before resection for type 0-IIb early Barrett's cancer (flat lesions) is limited because 100% of these lesions are limited to the mucosa. For the management algorithm in this selected cohort, the use of EUS should be reconsidered.
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Penman
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Aithal
authors.forename: Krish
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ragunath
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors