title: Prognostic characteristics of heart rate recovery according to sex in patients with heart failure.
abstract: We hypothesized that heart rate recovery (HRR) will provide superior prognostic resolution in female compared to male heart failure (HF) patients. A total of 745 patients with HF underwent exercise testing to determine HRR. While receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed HRR prognostic classification schemes were significant for both males (area: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.67-0.78, p<0.001) and females (area: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75-0.89, p<0.001), it was stronger in the latter group. The prognostic strength of HRR may be superior in female HF patients. This discrepancy may be driven by the ability of HRR to better reflect autonomic function in females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA. Electronic address: raarena@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.affiliation: VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Cardiology Division, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Cardiology Division, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abella
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinkstaff
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peberdy
authors.affiliation: LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Greensboro, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bensimhon
authors.affiliation: LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Greensboro, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.affiliation: University of Milano, San Paolo Hospital, Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guazzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics