title: Pituitary and stalk lesions (infundibulo-hypophysitis) associated with immunoglobulin G4-related systemic disease: an emerging clinical entity.
abstract: Inflammatory lesions of the pituitary gland are rarely encountered. Recently, the concept of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related systemic disease was proposed in Japan, and more than 20 cases have been reported as possibly associated with infundibulo-hypophysitis since 2000. We herein review such case reports in the published literature and in the abstracts of scientific meetings. Almost all cases involved middle-aged to elderly men presenting with various degrees of hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus and demonstrating a thickened pituitary stalk and/or pituitary mass. These structures shrank remarkably in response to glucocorticoid therapy, even in a lower dose range similar to that prescribed as a replacement for adrenocortical insufficiency. Some of the anterior pituitary insufficiencies were also resolved by glucocorticoid administration. The presence of IgG4-related systemic disease and an elevated serum IgG4 level before glucocorticoid therapy were the main clues to a correct diagnosis of IgG4-related infundibulo-hypophysitis. Autoimmunity is suggested but not yet established to play a role in the pathogenesis for IgG4-related systemic disease. The fact that hypertrophic pachymeningitis and para-sinusitis accompanied some cases suggested that both sellar and parasellar structures are involved in the chronic inflammation. We therefore classify this disorder not as a variant form of primary autoimmune hypophysitis but as a secondary form of infundibulo-hypophysitis associated with IgG4-related systemic disease.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. ashimats@kyotolan.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimatsu
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000473:pathology; D010904:Pituitary Gland, Posterior / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G