title: Acute Effect of Topical (beta-Adrenergic Antagonists on Normal Perimacular Hemodynamics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  beta-adrenergic antagonists are the most commonly prescribed antiglaucoma medications. The nonselective beta blocker timolol has been shown to either increase or to not affect retinal blood flow, despite the suggestion that the drug may cause vasoconstriction due to its blockade of beta-2 receptors. Other beta blockers with unique pharmacologies may produce different effects on blood flow. We studied the effects of betaxolol (beta-1 selective antagonist), carteolol (nonselective beta-antagonist with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity), and levobunolol (nonselective beta antagonist with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity), and levobunolol (nonselective beta antagonist with active polar metabolite) on perimacular hemodynamics.
  
  
  METHODS
  On four separate occasions separated by at least 10 days, 16 normal subjects performed measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, IOP, and blue field entoptic simulation assessment of leukocyte velocity and density before and 2 h after instillation of one of the three drugs or an artificial tears placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IOP was significantly reduced by all three drugs as compared to placebo (p < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected two-tailed paired t-test). No significant differences were found in heart rate, blood pressure, and perimacular leukocyte velocity or density in any of the treatment conditions as compared to placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Betaxolol, carteolol, and levobunolol do not appear to significantly alter perimacular hemodynamics 2 h after administration. The absence of any acute change in hemodynamics despite the drop in IOP suggests normal autoregulation maintained constant blood flow.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, and daggerDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burgoyne
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinland
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Cantor