title: Psychometric properties of the Patient Activation Measure among individuals presenting for elective lumbar spine surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An individual's propensity to engage in adaptive health and rehabilitation behaviors may account for variation in postsurgical outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the psychometric properties and construct validity of the recently developed Patient Activation Measure (PAM) (previously unused in spine research) in persons undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively used the PAM to assess activation in 283 patients undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery. Reliability statistics were computed using repeated assessment (baseline and 1-week follow-up) before surgery. Additional psychological attributes were assessed at baseline and correlated with patient activation. Factor analysis was used to confirm the theoretical structure of patient activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeat PAM administrations had an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.85. The PAM showed positive correlation with optimism (r = 0.75), hope (r = 0.73), self-efficacy (r = 0.65), and internal locus of control (r = 0.65) but no correlation with comorbidity (r = 0.01). Confirmatory factor analysis of the PAM items indicated reasonable fit between observed data and a three-factor patient activation model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PAM is a reliable, valid measure of patient activation for individuals undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery and may have clinical utility in identifying those at risk for poor engagement in postsurgical rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Skolasky
authors.forename: Ellen J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: Lee H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Wegener
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult