title: Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Associations of major lipids and apolipoproteins with the risk of vascular disease have not been reliably quantified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess major lipids and apolipoproteins in vascular risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual records were supplied on 302,430 people without initial vascular disease from 68 long-term prospective studies, mostly in Europe and North America. During 2.79 million person-years of follow-up, there were 8857 nonfatal myocardial infarctions, 3928 coronary heart disease [CHD] deaths, 2534 ischemic strokes, 513 hemorrhagic strokes, and 2536 unclassified strokes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for several conventional factors, were calculated for 1-SD higher values: 0.52 log(e) triglyceride, 15 mg/dL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 43 mg/dL non-HDL-C, 29 mg/dL apolipoprotein AI, 29 mg/dL apolipoprotein B, and 33 mg/dL directly measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Within-study regression analyses were adjusted for within-person variation and combined using meta-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of CHD per 1000 person-years in the bottom and top thirds of baseline lipid distributions, respectively, were 2.6 and 6.2 with triglyceride, 6.4 and 2.4 with HDL-C, and 2.3 and 6.7 with non-HDL-C. Adjusted HRs for CHD were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.94-1.05) with triglyceride, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.74-0.82) with HDL-C, and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.39-1.61) with non-HDL-C. Hazard ratios were at least as strong in participants who did not fast as in those who did. The HR for CHD was 0.35 (95% CI, 0.30-0.42) with a combination of 80 mg/dL lower non-HDL-C and 15 mg/dL higher HDL-C. For the subset with apolipoproteins or directly measured LDL-C, HRs were 1.50 (95% CI, 1.38-1.62) with the ratio non-HDL-C/HDL-C, 1.49 (95% CI, 1.39-1.60) with the ratio apo B/apo AI, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.06-1.91) with non-HDL-C, and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.09-1.73) with directly measured LDL-C. Hazard ratios for ischemic stroke were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.94-1.11) with triglyceride, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.84-1.02) with HDL-C, and 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04-1.20) with non-HDL-C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipid assessment in vascular disease can be simplified by measurement of either total and HDL cholesterol levels or apolipoproteins without the need to fast and without regard to triglyceride.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Angelantonio
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaptoge
authors.forename: Kausik K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lewington
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Packard
authors.forename: Rory
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Simon G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Danesh
mesh_terms: D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides