Glucagon like peptide-1-directed human embryonic stem cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells via hedgehog, cAMP, and PI3K pathways.
OBJECTIVE
That glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) induces differentiation of primate embryonic stem (ES) cells into insulin-producing cells has been reported by several groups and also confirmed with our observations.


METHODS
To further elucidate the process in detail and the signaling pathways involved in this differentiation, we induced human ES cells HUES1 differentiated into insulin secretion cells by GLP-1 treatment.


RESULTS
A time-dependent pattern of down expression of the stem cell markers (human telomerase reverse transcriptase and octamer-4), and the appearance of multiple beta-cell-specific proteins (insulin, glucokinase, glucose transporter, type 2, and islet duodenal homeobox 1) and hedgehog signal molecules (Indian hedgehog, sonic hedgehog, and hedgehog receptor, patched) have been identified. Cotreatment with hedgehog signal inhibitor cytopamine was able to block this differentiation, providing evidence of the involvement of the hedgehog signaling pathway in GLP-1-induced differentiation. We also observed increased transcripts of the transcription factors of activator protein 1, serum response element-1, DNA-binding transcription factors, and cAMP response element in GLP-1-induced ES cell differentiation. Inhibition profile by its specific inhibitors indicated that the cyclic adenosine monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathways, but not the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, were required for the induced differentiation of ES cells.


CONCLUSIONS
These data support that GLP-1 directs human ES cell differentiation into insulin-producing cells via hedgehog, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathways.
Hui
Hongxiang
H
UCLA Center of Excellence in Pancreatic Disease, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024-7073, USA. huihongx@gmail.com
Tang
Yongming G
YG
Zhu
Lunjian
L
Khoury
Nasif
N
Hui
Zhe
Z
Wang
Kevin Yuqi
KY
Perfetti
Ricardo
R
Go
Vay Liang W
VL
D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000502:physiology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000502:physiology; D019098:Telomerase / Q000502:physiology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology
D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D019098:Telomerase