title: Vertical and sagittal growth in patients with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate-a retrospective cephalometric evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the craniofacial vertical and sagittal jaw relationship in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) differed from that of age-matched noncleft controls, before and after the pubertal growth spurt.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 126 patients with CLP, subdivided according to gender and cleft type, and the control group comprised 53 age-matched skeletal class I patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Angular and linear measurements were taken from prepubertal and postpubertal lateral cephalograms of all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with cleft lip and palate, the maxillary retrognathism became more remarkable with increasing age; whereas, the retrognathic position of the mandible became less pronounced as compared with controls. Reduced posterior midfacial height, a common prepubertal finding in patients with cleft lip and palate, was significant in postpubertal girls and young women with unilateral cleft lip and palate (p = .002). The total anterior facial height in male patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate was larger than in control patients (p = .002) after the pubertal growth spurt due to an increased anterior midfacial height. In male patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, this finding was due to an increased anterior lower facial height (p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with cleft lip and palate treated according to a standardized treatment concept had adequate craniofacial jaw relationships after puberty. Despite a measured skeletal class I in both male and female patients with cleft lip and palate regardless of cleft type, there was a slight tendency toward a skeletal class III. Findings were similar for all groups of cleft lip and palate patients irrespective of the type of orthodontic treatment performed.
authors.affiliation: University Clinic Erlangen, Dental Clinic, Department of Orthodontics, Germany. alexandra.holst@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Alexandra I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: Emeka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nkenke
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fenner
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hirschfelder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000473:pathology; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000473:pathology; D008334:Mandible / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000254:growth & development; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000254:growth & development; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000473:pathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014716:Vertical Dimension