title: Association of the human leukocyte antigen class II alleles with chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma in Koreans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastric carcinogenesis is a multi-step process and is influenced by several etiological agents, including the host's genetic factors. Since whether a patient remains with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) or progresses to either chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) or gastric carcinoma (GC) could be a genetic predisposition unique in each population, we hypothesized that host human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles could be discriminative in predicting the risk of CSG progression to precancerous CAG and GC in Koreans.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 165 patients with gastric disorders (CSG, 62; CAG, 69 and GC, 34), were selected to investigate the association of HLA class II alleles with the progression of CSG to CAG or GC. HLA genotypes were obtained by the polymerase chain reaction-sequence based typing method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phenotypic frequencies of DRB1*1101 and DQA1*0505 were significantly higher in the CAG group compared to those in the CSG group. In the subjects with Helicobacter pylori (H. pypori) (+), the frequencies of DRB1*1501 and DQB1*0602 were significantly lower in the CAG compared to those in the CSG. Further analysis showed that sex (P < 0.05, OR = 0.41-0.42) and age (P < 0.05, OR = 1.05) also affected the risk of progression from CSG to CAG in H. pylori (+) patients carrying the DRB1*1501 or DQB1*0602 allele. Additionally, the frequency of DRB1*0404 in the GC group was significantly higher than that in the gastritis group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings strongly imply an association between HLA class II alleles and the risk of CAG development and GC progression in Koreans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Wan
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ki-Baik
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hahm
authors.forename: Jeong Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Su
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Kee Myung
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung Wha
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000208:ethnology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000235:genetics*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II