title: Irbesartan has no short-term effect on insulin resistance in hypertensive patients with additional cardiometabolic risk factors (i-RESPOND).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intervention studies have shown that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) may reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is currently unclear whether short-term therapy with ARBs affects metabolic parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  i-RESPOND, a randomised, controlled, multicentre, double-blind study evaluated the effect of 16 weeks of irbesartan vs. hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on insulin resistance as well as on lipid and inflammatory parameters in hypertensive subjects with metabolic syndrome. Patients received irbesartan (150 mg/d; n = 211) or HCTZ (12.5 mg/d; n = 215), titrated to 300 mg/day and 25 mg/day respectively. In a second part of the study (weeks 16-28), patients initially randomised to irbesartan received additional HCTZ and vice versa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At week 16 both irbesartan and HCTZ had no effect on insulin resistance measured by the Matzuda index and beta-cell function. Similarly, in the second part of the study (week 16-28) no differences between irbesartan and HCTZ with respect to glucose metabolism were observed. However, irbesartan induced beneficial changes in high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (irbesartan: -5.5 +/- 5.2%; HCTZ + 19.9 +/- 6.5%, p = 0.0024) and in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) (irbesartan: -13%; HCTZ + 9%; p = 0.0041) compared with HCTZ despite a similar decrease in blood pressure in both treatment groups. Irbesartan and HCTZ were well tolerated and adverse events were comparable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irbesartan did not show significant favourable effects on insulin resistance compared with HCTZ in this study; however, may have beneficial effects on inflammation and microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik II, Grosshadern, Klinikum der Universitaet, Munich, Germany. Klaus.Parhofer@med.unimuenchen.de
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Parhofer
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Birkeland
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DeFronzo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Del Prato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhaumik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ptaszynska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D000077405:Irbesartan; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D008055:Lipids; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000077405:Irbesartan