The T-cell-specific adapter protein family: TSAd, ALX, and SH2D4A/SH2D4B.
Adapter proteins play key roles in intracellular signal transduction through complex formation with catalytically active signaling molecules. In T lymphocytes, the role of several different types of adapter proteins in T-cell antigen receptor signal transduction is well established. An exception to this is the family of T-cell-specific adapter (TSAd) proteins comprising of TSAd, adapter protein of unknown function (ALX), SH2D4A, and SH2D4B. Only recently has the function of these adapters in T-cell signal transduction been explored. Here, we discuss advances in our understanding of the role of this family of adapter proteins in T cells. Their function as regulators of signal transduction in other cell types is also discussed.
Lapinski
Philip E
PE
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA.
Oliver
Jennifer A
JA
Bodie
Jennifer N
JN
Marti
Francesc
F
King
Philip D
PD
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D055503:Protein Multimerization / Q000276:immunology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C509871:HSH2 protein, mouse; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C474507:SH2D4A protein, human; C550244:SH2D4B protein, human; C402726:Sh2d2a protein, mouse