title: Patency and envelope of motion--two essential procedures for cleaning and shaping the root canal systems.
abstract: The two essential procedures for cleaning and shaping the root canal systems are the establishment of apical patency and the serial enlargement of the body of the root canal by the envelope of motion of reamers. Following these two critical procedures, the five mechanical objectives of cleaning and shaping will be achieved and endodontic therapy will be predictably successful.
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Alphonsus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schilder
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D019227:Tooth Apex