title: Vasa vasorum and plaque neovascularization on contrast-enhanced carotid ultrasound imaging correlates with cardiovascular disease and past cardiovascular events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Histological data associate proliferation of adventitial vasa vasorum and intraplaque neovascularization with vulnerable plaques represented by symptomatic vascular disease. In this observational study, the presence of carotid intraplaque neovascularization and adventitial vasa vasorum were correlated with the presence and occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and events (CVE).
  
  
  METHODS
  The contrast-enhanced carotid ultrasound examinations of 147 subjects (mean age 64+/-11 years, 61% male) were analyzed for the presence of intraluminal plaque, plaque neovascularization (Grade 1=absent; Grade 2=present), and degree of adventitial vasa vasorum (Grade 1=absent, Grade 2=present). These observations were correlated with preexisting cardiovascular risk factors, presence of CVD, and history of CVE (myocardial infarction and transient ischemic attack/stroke).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of intraluminal carotid plaque was directly correlated to cardiovascular risk factors, CVD, and CVE (P<0.05). Adventitial vasa vasorum Grade 2 was associated with significant more subjects with CVD than vasa vasorum Grade 1 (73 versus 54%, P=0.029). Subjects with intraplaque neovascularization Grade 2 had significantly more often a history of CVE than subjects with intraplaque neovascularization Grade 1 (38 versus 20%, P=0.031). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that presence of plaque was significantly associated with CVD (odds ratio 4.7, 95% CI 1.6 to 13.8) and intraplaque neovascularization grade 2 with CVE (odds ratio 4.0, 95% CI 1.3 to 12.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence and degree of adventitial vasa vasorum and plaque neovascularization were directly associated with CVD and CVE in a retrospective study of 147 patients undergoing contrast-enhanced carotid ultrasound.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Staub
authors.forename: Mita B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Anjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tibrewala
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ludden
authors.forename: Mahala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.forename: Blai
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coll
authors.forename: Kurt A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Feinstein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods; D014651:Vasa Vasorum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media