title: In vivo bioavailability, absorption, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of [14C]procyanidin B2 in male rats.
abstract: Procyanidins are important biologically active compounds, but the pathway and extent of absorption and metabolism are controversial. We conducted a mass balance study to evaluate the total radioactivity excreted in urine and feces after oral administration of [(14)C]procyanidin B2 to male rats (n = 5). Urine and feces were collected daily from 0 to 96 h. Absolute bioavailability of (14)C from [(14)C]procyanidin B2 was calculated as approximately 82% using the values for total urinary (14)C. A pharmacokinetic study measured total radioactivity in the blood (n = 9). Blood samples were collected at designated time intervals (0.5-24 h) after administration. Three treatments were used: 1) intravenous, 2) oral higher dose (21 mg/kg b.wt.), and 3) oral lower dose (10.5 mg/kg). Blood concentration of total (14)C reached a maximum at approximately 6 h after ingestion of [(14)C]procyanidin B2 (groups II and III), and area under the curve (AUC) was dependent on oral dose. After intravenous or oral administration the terminal half-lives were similar, whereas 8-fold larger values were obtained after oral dosing for total clearance and the apparent volumes of distribution. These pharmacokinetic differences explain the apparently lower (14)C bioavailability (8-11%) for [(14)C]procyanidin calculated from blood [AUC((0-24))] values. After oral administration of [(14)C]procyanidin B2, 63% was excreted via urine within 4 days. The data suggest that much of the parent compound administered orally is degraded by the gut microflora before absorption and that these microbial metabolites have a different distribution from the compounds circulating after the intravenous dose.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stavroula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stoupi
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Viton
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.forename: Laurence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Clifford
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D001682:Biological Availability; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D044946:Biflavonoids; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C479580:procyanidin B2; D002392:Catechin