title: Genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily and arsenic metabolism in residents of the Red River Delta, Vietnam.
abstract: To elucidate the role of genetic factors in arsenic metabolism, we investigated associations of genetic polymorphisms in the members of glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily with the arsenic concentrations in hair and urine, and urinary arsenic profile in residents in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Genotyping was conducted for GST omega1 (GSTO1) Ala140Asp, Glu155del, Glu208Lys, Thr217Asn, and Ala236Val, GST omega2 (GSTO2) Asn142Asp, GST pi1 (GSTP1) Ile105Val, GST mu1 (GSTM1) wild/null, and GST theta1 (GSTT1) wild/null. There were no mutation alleles for GSTO1 Glu208Lys, Thr217Asn, and Ala236Val in this population. GSTO1 Glu155del hetero type showed higher urinary concentration of As(V) than the wild homo type. Higher percentage of DMA(V) in urine of GSTM1 wild type was observed compared with that of the null type. Strong correlations between GSTP1 Ile105Val and arsenic exposure level and profile were observed in this study. Especially, heterozygote of GSTP1 Ile105Val had a higher metabolic capacity from inorganic arsenic to monomethyl arsenic, while the opposite trend was observed for ability of metabolism from As(V) to As(III). Furthermore, other factors including sex, age, body mass index, arsenic level in drinking water, and genotypes of As (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) were also significantly co-associated with arsenic level and profile in the Vietnamese. To our knowledge, this is the first study indicating the associations of genetic factors of GST superfamily with arsenic metabolism in a Vietnamese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Enya 89-1, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Agusa
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kunito
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Tu Binh
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Minh
authors.forename: Pham Thi Kim
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Trang
authors.forename: Pham Hung
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Viet
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012737:Sex Factors; D014744:Vietnam; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008780:Methyltransferases; C505756:AS3MT protein, human; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D001151:Arsenic