title: Hepatocarcinoma cells stimulate the growth, migration and expression of pro-angiogenic genes in human hepatic stellate cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and other fibrogenic cell types are frequently found around hepatocellular carcinoma. It is unknown whether hepatocarcinoma cells regulate the biological functions of HSC.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the paracrine effects of hepatocarcinoma cells on human HSC using a co-culture system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Huh7 or HepG2 cells, human hepatocarcinoma cell lines, were co-cultured with primary human HSC. Intracellular calcium mobilization, proliferation, migration, expression of pro-angiogenic and fibrogenic genes, smooth muscle alpha-actin (alpha-SMA) protein expression, inflammatory properties (nuclear factor kappa B activation and interleukin 8 secretion) and intracellular signalling pathways (AKT and ERK) were analysed in HSC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Culture of HSC with Huh7 cells for 24 h stimulated HSC proliferation, migration and expression of pro-angiogenic genes. The migration effect was corroborated with HepG2 cells. The effects of Huh7 cells on cell proliferation and migration were mediated mainly by PI3K/AKT activation. Moreover, Huh7 cells reduced the expression of genes involved in fibrogenesis, while they did not modify the inflammatory properties of HSC. The expression of alpha-SMA was induced by Huh7 cells. Because hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of hepatocarcinoma, we next investigated whether these effects are regulated by the expression of HCV in hepatocarcinoma cells. Expression of a subgenomic replicon expressing HCV nonstructural proteins (NS3-NS5) in Huh7 cells did not affect paracrine actions in HSC (cell proliferation and migration).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that there is a cross-talk between hepatocarcinoma cells and HSC. Activated HSC may be stimulated by cancer cells to accumulate and express angiogenic genes.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pau
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sancho-Bru
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juez
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khurdayan
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morales-Ruiz
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colmenero
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arroyo
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ginès
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bataller
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000235:genetics; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055166:Hepatic Stellate Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D002118:Calcium