title: A new automated human leukocyte antigen genotyping strategy to identify DR-DQ risk alleles for celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CD) is related to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQA1, DQB1 and DRB1 loci. Unfortunately, HLA typing has been too difficult and costly for frequent use. Automated genotyping focused on risk alleles could provide access to HLA typing in diagnostic evaluations, epidemiological screening and contribute to preventive strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sequence specific primer amplification method requiring a total of four PCR reactions, one restriction enzyme digestion and a single electrophoretic step provides low to medium resolution typing of DQA1, DQB1 and DRB1 using Applied Biosystems 3730 DNA analyzer. The method was validated using 261 samples with genotypes determined using a reference method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specific fluorescent DQA1, DQB1 and DRB1 amplicons were of expected size. Concordance with the reference method was 100% for DQA1 and DQB1 alleles and 99.8% for DRB1 alleles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have developed a high throughput HLA typing method that accurately distinguishes risk alleles for T1DM and CD. This method allows screening of several thousand samples per week, consuming 32 ng of DNA template, low reagent volumes and minimal time for data review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden. Ewa.Lavant@skane.se
authors.forename: Ewa H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lavant
authors.forename: Joyce A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001331:Automation; D001483:Base Sequence; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens