title: Association of inflammation and protein-energy wasting with endothelial dysfunction in peritoneal dialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Recent studies have indicated that non-traditional risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction (ED), chronic inflammation and protein-energy wasting (PEW) may contribute significantly to the increased cardiovascular mortality among dialysis patients. To further ascertain this association, we carried out a cross-sectional assessment of nutritional status, inflammatory markers and endothelial dysfunction in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured ED functionally by flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) using doppler ultrasonography and biochemically by soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in 105 stable PD patients and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We also simultaneously measured inflammatory markers and performed a subjective global assessment (SGA) of their nutritional status using a seven-point scoring scale. Subjects were subgrouped according to their nutritional and inflammatory status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In PD patients, FMD was markedly lower (9.9 +/- 4.8% vs. 16.4 +/- 4.8%, P < 0.05), and sICAM-1 was significantly higher than those in controls. The malnourished patients had significantly lower FMD (8.4+/-4.6% vs. 10.8+/-4.7%, P <0.05) and higher sICAM-1 than the nourished patients. The inflamed group had significantly lower FMD (7.1 +/- 3.8 vs.11.1 +/- 4.6%, P < 0.05) and higher sICAM-1 than the non-inflamed group. In all PD patients, lean body mass/body weight %, albumin and SGA correlated positively with FMD (r = +0.207, r = +0.224, r = +0.285, P < 0.05). However, age, log high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), log IL-6 and sICAM-1 were negatively correlated with FMD (r = -0.275, r = -0.361, r = -0.360, r = -0.271, P < 0.05). A multiple regression analysis showed that log hsCRP was an independent factor affecting FMD. Endothelial function, demonstrated as FMD and sICAM-1 in the nourished PD patients without inflammation, was well preserved compared to other subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that chronic inflammation and PEW are closely linked to ED in PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jung Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seung Hyeok
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Tae Hyun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Beom Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyeong Cheon
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Shin-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kyu Hun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sung Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Ho Yung
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dae-Suk
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects