title: Budd-Chiari syndrome in children: experience with therapeutic radiological intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) in children is not uncommon. Published literature on therapy for this condition is scarce. We therefore attempted radiological interventions in these patients to determine their efficacy and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen of 16 children with a median age of 22 months diagnosed as having BCS were subjected to an inferior vena cava/hepatic venogram with the aim to establish a normal antegrade flow in at least 1 hepatic vein (HV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A normal antegrade flow in at least 1 of the HVs could be established in 11 children. Three patients had angioplasty of the HV (vein size <or=4 mm), 2 underwent HV stent placements (vein size >or=5 mm), and 6 had transjugular intrahepatic porta systemic shunt ([TIPSS] total occlusion of all 3 HVs or veno-occlusive disease). The youngest child undergoing a successful stenting was 7 months of age and the child undergoing TIPSS was 3 years of age. One patient had reversal of fulminant liver failure following a successful TIPSS. Postprocedure, 2 patients developed reversible encephalopathy and 1 had a neck hematoma. There was no procedure-related mortality. The procedure was successful in both patients with stenting (100%), 5 of the 6 patients with TIPSS (80%), and only 1 of the 4 patients (25%) with angioplasty. The median follow-up was 31 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiological therapeutic intervention is feasible and safe in children with BCS. The overall results of stenting/TIPSS are better than with angioplasty; however, long-term results of these interventions need to be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Jaslok Hospital & Research Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. aabhanagral@gmail.com
authors.forename: Aabha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagral
authors.forename: Rachana P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hasija
authors.forename: Shaji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marar
authors.forename: Fazal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nabi
mesh_terms: D017130:Angioplasty; D006502:Budd-Chiari Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006503:Hepatic Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging