title: Influence of perioperative resuscitation status on postoperative spine surgery complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Restrictive transfusion criteria have led to decreased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Their use has been extended to other patient groups. In adult spine surgery, ongoing postoperative blood losses and soft-tissue trauma may make these patients not appropriate for restrictive transfusion practices.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of postoperative hemoglobin (HGB) level and use of packed red blood cells (pRBC) or fresh frozen plasma on postoperative patient morbidity, mortality, and hospital length of stay (LOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study in a high-volume tertiary hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 300 consecutive patients who underwent spinal surgeries with blood losses of more than 2 L.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcome measures were postoperative patient morbidity, mortality, and LOS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of patients who underwent adult spinal surgeries with blood loss of 2 or more L (N=300) were abstracted for patient characteristics, operative characteristics, transfusion, and HGB level over time. Intensive care unit and hospital LOS, discharge location, death, pulmonary embolism, stroke, seizures, surgical site infections (SSI), and myocardial infarctions were noted. Logistic regression analyses (SAS software version 9.2) were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve (3%) patients had a postoperative HGB level of less than 8 g/dL, 126 (41.3%) had 8 g/dL or more but less than 10 g/dL, and 167 (54.8%) had 10 g/dL or more. There was no significant difference in morbidity or mortality between the two groups with higher HGB levels. Multiple regression analysis revealed that patients with initial postoperative HGB level of less than 8 g/dL were six times more likely to develop SSI (odds ratio 6.37, 95% confidence interval 1.15-35.28). Deep SSI rates were increased with greater postoperative pRBC use (p=.002). Fresh frozen plasma use in the operation room was lower in cases that developed SSI (1.50 vs. 2.69, p=.042). Intensive care unit and ward LOS were longer with increased postoperative blood product use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with high blood loss (more than 2 L) during spine surgery who are under-resuscitated (HGB level less than 8 g/dL) have a significant increased risk of SSI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 601 N Caroline St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. albert@pulltergunne.nl
authors.forename: Albert F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Pull ter Gunne
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Skolasky
authors.forename: Hillary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Cees J H M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van Laarhoven
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000401:mortality; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins