title: GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTM3 and NAT2 polymorphisms in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a Greek population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well known that laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is strongly related to tobacco and alcohol consumption. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations of detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases and N-acetyltransferases, influence the risk of cancers associated with tobacco smoke and alcohol.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective case-control study. The study group consisted of 88 Greek patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma; there were also 102 control subjects. Frequencies of the genotypes GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTM3 and NAT2 were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of overall genotypes was 55.68 per cent rapid acetylator and 44.32 per cent slow acetylator in patients, and 36.27 per cent rapid acetylator and 63.72 per cent slow acetylator in controls. The odds ratio for rapid acetylator status in cases versus controls was 2.207 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.23-3.95, p = 0.0087).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated a significant relationship between rapid acetylator genotypes and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a Greek population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Metaxa Anticancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chatzimichalis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xenellis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tzagaroulakis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarof
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gazouli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bibas
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D007527:Isoenzymes; C478900:NAT2 protein, human; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C416969:glutathione transferase M3-3