title: Prediction of nasal morphology from the skull.
abstract: The objective of this study was to compose a reliable and readily reproducible method of predicting nasal morphology from the bony aperture, which restricts subjectivity whilst allowing anatomical nuance to be taken into account. Clinical head CT data from a sample of 79 North American subjects of varied ancestry was analysed for interrelationships between the bone and soft tissue of the nose in three dimensions, then pooled with 60 lateral cephalograms of subjects of European ancestry from England to augment nasal profile data. A series of simple regression equations was produced using linear distances between pairs of bony landmarks to predict nasal profile dimensions and restrict potential subjective error in Gerasimov's "Two-tangent" method. Maximum nasal width, the position of the alae and nostrils, and prediction of nasal asymmetry were incorporated into the resulting threedimensional nasal prediction method.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK. chrisrynn@gmail.com
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rynn
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009929:Organ Size; D010781:Photography; D044469:Racial Groups; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed