Contamination of vineyard soils with fungicides: a review of environmental and toxicological aspects.
The contamination of agricultural soils with inorganic (Cu-based) and organic pesticides (including their residues) presents a major environmental and toxicological concern. This review summarizes available studies published on the contamination of vineyard soils throughout the world with Cu-based and synthetic organic fungicides. It focuses on the behavior of these contaminants in vineyard soils and the associated environmental and toxicological risks. The concentrations of Cu in soils exceed the legislative limits valid in the EU in the vast majority of the studied vineyards. Regarding the environmental and toxicological hazards associated with the extensive use of fungicides, the choice of fungicides should be performed carefully according to the physico-chemical properties of the soils and climatic and hydrogeological characteristics of the vine-growing regions.
Komárek
Michael
M
Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123, Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France. Electronic address: komarek@af.czu.cz.
Čadková
Eva
E
Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Chrastný
Vladislav
V
Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Bordas
François
F
Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123, Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France.
Bollinger
Jean-Claude
JC
Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123, Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France.
D000383:Agriculture; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D027843:Vitis; D014920:Wine
D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003300:Copper