title: The cardioprotection granted by metoprolol is restricted to its administration prior to coronary reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myocardial infarct size is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events. Intravenous metoprolol before coronary reperfusion has been shown to reduce infarct size; however, it is unknown whether oral metoprolol initiated early after reperfusion, as clinical guidelines recommend, is similarly cardioprotective. We compared the extent of myocardial salvage associated with intravenous pre-reperfusion-metoprolol administration in comparison with oral post-reperfusion-metoprolol or placebo. We also studied the effect on suspected markers of reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty Yorkshire-pigs underwent a reperfused myocardial infarction, being randomized to pre-reperfusion-metoprolol, post-reperfusion-metoprolol or placebo. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed in eighteen pigs at day 3 for the quantification of salvaged myocardium. The amounts of at-risk and infarcted myocardium were quantified using T2-weighted and post-contrast delayed enhancement imaging, respectively. Twelve animals were sacrificed after 24h for reperfusion injury analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pre-reperfusion-metoprolol group had significantly larger salvaged myocardium than the post-reperfusion-metoprolol or the placebo groups (31 ± 4%, 13 ± 6%, and 7 ± 3% of myocardium at-risk respectively). Post-mortem analyses suggest lesser myocardial reperfusion injury in the pre-reperfusion-metoprolol in comparison with the other 2 groups (lower neutrophil infiltration, decreased myocardial apoptosis, and higher activation of the salvage-kinase phospho-Akt). Salvaged myocardium and reperfusion injury pair wise comparisons proved there were significant differences between the pre-reperfusion-metoprolol and the other 2 groups, but not among the latter two.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intravenous administration of metoprolol before coronary reperfusion results in larger myocardial salvage than its oral administration initiated early after reperfusion. If confirmed in the clinical setting, the timing and route of β-blocker initiation could be revisited.
authors.affiliation: Atherothrombosis Research Unit, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Borja
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ibanez
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cimmino
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prat-González
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vilahur
authors.forename: Randolph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.forename: Mario J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fuster
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Badimon
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Badimon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000379:methods*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D008790:Metoprolol