title: 1H-MRS at 4 tesla in minimally treated early schizophrenia.
abstract: We investigated glutamate-related neuronal dysfunction in the anterior cingulate (AC) early in schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic treatment. A total of 14 minimally treated schizophrenia patients and 10 healthy subjects were studied with single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of the AC, frontal white matter and thalamus at 4 T. Concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and Gln/Glu ratios were determined and corrected for the partial tissue volume. Patients were treated with antipsychotic medication following a specific algorithm and (1)H-MRS was repeated after 1, 6 and 12 months. There were group x region interactions for baseline NAA (P=0.074) and Gln/Glu (P=0.028): schizophrenia subjects had lower NAA (P=0.045) and higher Gln/Glu (P=0.006) in the AC before treatment. In addition, AC Gln/Glu was inversely related to AC NAA in the schizophrenia (P=0.0009) but not in the control group (P=0.92). Following antipsychotic treatment, there were no further changes in NAA, Gln/Glu or any of the other metabolites in any of the regions studied. We conclude that early in the illness, schizophrenia patients already show abnormalities in glutamatergic metabolism and reductions in NAA consistent with glutamate-related excitotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. jbustillo@salud.unm.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bustillo
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qualls
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lauriello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011522:Protons; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011522:Protons; D005973:Glutamine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate