title: A prospective study on the accuracy of mucosally supported stereolithographic surgical guides in fully edentulous maxillae.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flapless implant placement using guided surgery is widespread, although clinical publications on the precision are lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of mucosal-supported stereolithographic guides in the edentulous maxillae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight OsseoSpeed™ implants (Astra Tech AB, Mölndal, Sweden) of 3.5 to 5 mm width and 8 to 15 mm length were installed consecutively in 13 patients. Implants were functionally loaded on the day of surgery, and implant location was assessed with a computed tomography scan. Mimics 9.0 software (Materialise N.V., Leuven, Belgium) was used to fuse the images of the virtually planned and actually placed implants, and the locations, axes, and interimplant distances were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One implant was lost shortly after insertion because of abscess formation caused by remnants of impression material. Seventy-seven implant locations were analyzed. The deviation at the entrance point ranged between 0.29 mm and 2.45 mm (SD: 0.44 mm), with a mean of 0.91 mm. Average angle deviation was 2.60° (range 0.16-8.86°; SD: 1.61°). At the apical point, the deviation ranged between 0.32 mm and 3.01 mm, with a mean of 1.13 mm (SD: 0.52 mm). The mean deviation of the coronal and apical interimplant distance was respectively 0.18 mm (range 0.07-0.32 mm; SD: 0.15) and 0.33 mm (range 0.12-0.69 mm; SD: 0.28). These deviations are lower than the global coronal and apical deviations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study is the first to investigate the accuracy of stereolithographic, full, mucosally supported surgical guides in the treatment of fully edentulous maxillae. Clinicians should be warned that angular and linear deviations are to be expected. Short implants show significantly lower apical deviations compared with longer ones. Reasons for implant deviations are multifactorial; however, it is unlikely that the production process of the guide has a major impact on the total accuracy of a mucosal-supported stereolithographic guide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium. jdhaese@base.be
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: D'haese
authors.forename: Tommie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van De Velde
authors.forename: Lucien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elaut
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: De Bruyn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000592:standards; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012984:Software; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014584:User-Computer Interface
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants