title: Choledochoscopy-assisted intraductal shock wave lithotripsy.
abstract: In more than 90% of choledocholithiasis cases, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy and stone extraction are successful therapeutic options for clearance of the bile duct with the use of a stone retrieval balloon or basket. However, these techniques fail in a small percentage of patients with biliary stones, and advanced techniques for fragmentation must be used. Intraductal shock wave lithotripsy offers the endoscopist a therapeutic option that may be effective despite the difficulties of a large, impacted stone that cannot be captured by a basket, or a stricture that prohibits delivery of a stone beyond it. This article reviews the use of electrohydraulic lithotripsy and laser lithotripsy in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Nathan Perlman Place, First Avenue at 16th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bratcher
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kasmin
mesh_terms: D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser