title: Robotic repair of primary symptomatic obstructive megaureter with intracorporeal or extracorporeal ureteric tapering and ureteroneocystostomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the technique, feasibility, and effectiveness of robotic ureteric tapering (intra- or extracorporeal) and ureteroneocystostomy with and without ureteric stones retrieval in patients with symptomatic primary obstructive megaureter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients (one bilateral) (mean age: 28.3 years) with symptomatic or complicated congenital primary obstructive megaureter were considered for robot-assisted laparoscopic reconstruction. All surgical steps were performed purely robotically via transperitoneal access by single surgeon including ureteric reimplantation and retrieval of ureteral stones, except in two patients where ureteral tapering was done extracorporeally. The relevant perioperative details, complications, and functional outcomes were analyzed. Besides clinical follow-up, objective evaluation was done with diuretic renogram and intravenous urography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total mean operative time and surgeon's console time were 142.5 and 127.5 minutes (range: 115-230 and 100-210), respectively, with an estimated blood loss of less than 50 mL. Mean analgesic requirement was 175 mg of diclofenac sodium and oral feeds were started after 12 hours (range: 7-16). Average hospital stay was 3.2 days (range: 2-6). Complications included one case of perioperative urinary tract infection. Average follow-up period was 16 months (range: 11-20). Follow-up ultrasonography and intravenous urography confirmed reduction of hydronephrosis and good drainage. The mean split renal function of the salvaged kidney was 41.2% at last follow-up when compared with preop average value of 41.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robotic repair and removal of ureteric stones in primary symptomatic obstructive megaureter is safe, feasible, and effective with either intracorporeal or extracorporeal ureteric tapering. It has minimal perioperative morbidity and durable success as demonstrated with subjective and objective evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India. ahemal@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Ashok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hemal
authors.forename: Rishi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nayyar
authors.forename: Ranjit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002648:Child; D003559:Cystostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011859:Radiography; D012371:Robotics; D015607:Stents; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing; D055815:Young Adult