title: Prevalence of cognitive impairment: effects of level of education, age, sex and associated factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in a Spanish elderly population and to analyse its association with some social and medical factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly selected a representative sample (n = 600) of people over 65 from Narón Council (A Coruña). Socio-demographic and biomedical data were collected and cognitive status was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We determined variations in the prevalence from 35.2%, when age or level of education distribution was not applied, to 22.2% when they were applied. Women showed a higher probability of cognitive impairment than men. Negative correlation was observed between the age of the subject and the MMSE score (Spearman correlation rho = -0.45, p < 0.001), with the possibility of developing cognitive impairment increasing each year. For our sample, cognitive impairment was associated with an increase of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. This association was found with the presence of dementia, heart failure, anaemia, stroke and auditory deficits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of the real prevalence rates, together with the establishment of adequate preventive and intervention measures, can be factors that may diminish the socio-sanitary impact of cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Gerontology Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, ES-15006 A Coruña, Spain. jcmillan @ udc.es
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Millán-Calenti
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tubío
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pita-Fernández
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: González-Abraldes
authors.forename: Trinidad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maseda
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology