title: Determination of the insecticide imidacloprid in fruit juices using micellar high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A simple and reliable HPLC method was developed to determine imidacloprid, a chloronicotinyl insecticide that has a highly specific affinity to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of insects, above its permissible limit of consumption in fruit juices (orange, apple, and a mixture of pineapple and pear). Samples were injected directly into a Kromasil C18 column, without any pretreatment step, using the micellar mobile phase 0.10 M sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2.5% (v/v) propanol buffered at pH 7 and UV detection at 210 nm. Under these conditions, imidacloprid was eluted in < 4 min with no interference by the endogenous compounds of the juice fruits. The analytical parameters' linearity (r > 0.9998) and intraday and interday precision (RSD 0.1-2.8 and 0.07-7%, respectively) were obtained in the method validation. LOD and LOQ were calculated to be 0.4 and 1.5 ng/mL, respectively. Recoveries were in the 98-103% range. The simplicity of the method makes it a good candidate for application in routine analysis in the area of food control and quality evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Universitat Jaume I, Química Bioanalítica, Q.F.A., E.S.T.C.E., 12071 Castelló, Spain.
authors.forename: Mei-Liang
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chin-Chen
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esteve-Romero
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carda-Broch
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005638:Fruit; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D008823:Micelles; D008956:Models, Chemical; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D008823:Micelles; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D012997:Solvents; C082359:imidacloprid