title: Validation of a new score for the assessment of mitral stenosis using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to validate a new real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) score for evaluating patients with mitral stenosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-staged study was conducted. In the first stage, the feasibility of a new RT3DE score was assessed in 17 patients with MS. The second stage was planned to validate the RT3DE score in 74 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty. The new RT3DE score was constructed by dividing each mitral valve (MV) leaflet into 3 scallops and was composed of 31 points (indicating increasing abnormality), including 6 points for thickness, 6 for mobility, 10 for calcification, and 9 for subvalvular apparatus involvement. The total RT3DE score was calculated and defined as mild (<8), moderate (8-13), or severe (>or=14). MV morphology was assessed using Wilkins's score and compared with the new RT3DE score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first stage, the RT3DE score was feasible and easily applied to all patients, with good interobserver and intraobserver agreement. In the second stage, RT3DE improved MV morphologic assessment, particularly for the detection of calcification and commissural splitting. Both scores were correlated for assessment of thickness and calcification (r = 0.63, P < .0001, and r = 0.44, P < .0001, respectively). Predictors of optimal percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty success by Wilkins's score were leaflet calcification and subvalvular apparatus involvement, and those by RT3DE score were leaflet mobility and subvalvular apparatus involvement. The incidence and severity of mitral regurgitation were associated with high-calcification RT3DE score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new RT3DE score is feasible and highly reproducible for the assessment of MV morphology in patients with MS. It can provide incremental prognostic information in addition to Wilkins's score.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ashraf M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.forename: Wael M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.forename: Youssef F M
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Nosir
authors.forename: Osama I I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mosad
authors.forename: Munir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.forename: Marcel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Geleijnse
authors.forename: Ali M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: El-Amin
authors.forename: Folkert J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ten Cate
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D003199:Computer Systems; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity