title: Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in elective percutaneous coronary intervention 1-year results from the STEEPLE (SafeTy and efficacy of enoxaparin in percutaneous coronary intervention patients, an international randomized evaluation) trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to evaluate long-term mortality and identify factors associated with 1-year mortality in patients who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  While long-term outcomes in PCI patients have been reported previously, limited data are currently available regarding the comparative long-term outcomes in PCI patients who receive enoxaparin versus intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a follow-up analysis of clinical outcomes at 1 year in patients enrolled in the STEEPLE (SafeTy and Efficacy of Enoxaparin in Percutaneous coronary intervention patients, an internationaL randomized Evaluation) trial of 3,528 patients undergoing elective PCI. Patients were randomized to receive either intravenous 0.50-mg/kg or 0.75-mg/kg enoxaparin or intravenous UFH during elective PCI procedures. All-cause mortality at 1 year after index PCI was the main outcome measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality rates were 1.4%, 2.0%, and 1.5% from 1 month to 1 year, and 2.3%, 2.2%, and 1.9% from randomization to 1 year, after index PCI in patients receiving 0.50 mg/kg enoxaparin, 0.75 mg/kg enoxaparin, and UFH, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified nonfatal myocardial infarction and/or urgent target vessel revascularization up to 30 days after index PCI (hazard ratio: 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.7 to 7.3; p < 0.001), and major bleeding within 48 h (hazard ratio: 3.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 8.5; p = 0.04) as the strongest independent risk factors for 1-year mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 1-year mortality rates were low and comparable between patients receiving enoxaparin and UFH during elective PCI. Periprocedural ischemic or bleeding events were the strongest independent predictors of 1-year mortality. (The STEEPLE Trial; NCT00077844).
authors.affiliation: Institut du Coeur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. gilles.montalescot@psl.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montalescot
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Harvey D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Ph Gabriel
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Steg
authors.forename: Philip E G
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Aylward
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiariello
authors.forename: Spencer B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Desmet
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Macaya
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Steinhubl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001315:Australia; D002170:Canada; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D009520:New Zealand; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D006493:Heparin