title: Macrophage foam cell formation is augmented in serum from patients with diabetic angiopathy.
abstract: The differentiation of macrophages into cytokine-secreting foam cells plays a critical role in the development of diabetic angiopathy. J774.1, a murine macrophage cell line, reportedly differentiates into foam cells when incubated with oxidized LDL, ApoE-rich VLDL or WHHLMI (myocardial infarction-prone Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic) rabbit serum. In this study, serum samples from Type 2 diabetic patients were added to the medium with J774.1 cells and the degree of foam cell induction was quantified by measuring lipid accumulation. These values were calculated relative to the activities of normal and WHHLMI rabbit sera as 0% and 100%, respectively, and termed the MMI (Macrophage Maturation Index). These MMI values reflected intracellular lipids, including cholesteryl ester assayed by GC/MS. Statistical analysis revealed MMI to correlate positively and independently with serum triglycerides, the state of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and obesity, but negatively with administration of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors or thiazolidinediones. Taken together, our results suggest that this novel assay may be applicable to the identification of patients at risk for rapidly progressive angiopathic disorders.
authors: Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors: Xinglong
authors: X
authors: Cui
authors: Akifumi
authors: A
authors: Kushiyama
authors: Masayasu
authors: M
authors: Yoneda
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Nakatsu
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Guo
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Haruya
authors: H
authors: Ono
authors: Machi
authors: M
authors: Kanna
authors: Hideyuki
authors: H
authors: Sakoda
authors: Hiraku
authors: H
authors: Ono
authors: Takako
authors: T
authors: Kikuchi
authors: Midori
authors: M
authors: Fujishiro
authors: Masashi
authors: M
authors: Shiomi
authors: Hideaki
authors: H
authors: Kamata
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Kurihara
authors: Masatoshi
authors: M
authors: Kikuchi
authors: Shoji
authors: S
authors: Kawazu
authors: Fusanori
authors: F
authors: Nishimura
authors: Tomoichiro
authors: T
authors: Asano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011817:Rabbits; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein