title: Non-pharmacological self-management of sleep among the Japanese general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to clarify the prevalence of non-pharmacological self-management (nPSM) practices for obtaining good sleep and to identify favorable nPSM practices that could be applied for reducing excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). We analyzed epidemiological data for an authentic representative sample of the Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data obtained from 24,686 adults via a self-administered questionnaire completed in the Active Survey of Health and Welfare 2000 were used for analyses. The prevalence of individual nPSM practices was calculated by gender. Subsequently, the associations between such practices and EDS were examined using logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  "Having a bath" was the most prevalent nPSM practice for both men (59.0%) and women (64.4%), followed by "maintaining a regular schedule" (men: 49.0%, women: 58.6%), "reading or listening to music" (men: 43.4%, women: 49.4%), "snacking on food and/or beverages" (men: 36.1%, women: 27.9%), and "exercising" (men: 26.2%, women: 29.4%). The prevalence of "maintaining a regular schedule" increased with age. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that having a bath and maintaining a regular schedule had negative associations with EDS, whereas snacking on food and/or beverages had a positive association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Having a bath and maintaining a regular schedule were identified as favorable nPSM practices for reducing EDS, whereas snacking on food and/or beverages was considered to be an unfavorable nPSM practice.
authors: Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Sayaka
authors: S
authors: Aritake-Okada
authors: Yoshitaka
authors: Y
authors: Kaneita
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Uchiyama
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Mishima
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Ohida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001494:Baths / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011932:Reading; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult