title: Oxidative damage induced in A549 cells by physically and chemically characterized air particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
abstract: Exposure to high levels of air pollution particulate matter (PM) is strongly associated with increased pulmonary morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms of action whereby PM cause adverse health effects are still unclear. In developing countries, like in the sub-Saharian region of Africa, people are often exposed to high PM levels. Hence, three PM(2.5) samples were collected in the District of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire), under rural, urban or industrial influences. Their most toxicologically relevant physical and chemical characteristics were determined--thereby showing that most of them were equal or smaller than 2.5 microm--and the influence of both natural (Ca, Na, Mg, Ti, etc.) and anthropic (Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, benzene and its derivatives, paraffins, etc.) emission sources. The toxicity induced by the three PM samples was studied through 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation to DNA, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity. Hence, effect concentrations at 10 and 50% (EC(10) and EC(50), respectively) were as follows: (i) rural PM--EC(10) = 5.91 microg cm(-2) and EC(50) = 29.55 microg cm(-2); (ii) urban PM--EC(10) = 5.45 microg cm(-2) and EC(50) = 27.23 microg cm(-2); and (iii) industrial PM--EC(10) = 6.86 microg cm(-2) and EC(50) = 34.29 microg cm(-2). Moreover, PM-induced oxidative damage in A549 cells was observed through the induction of lipid peroxidation, the alteration of superoxide dismutase activity, and the disruption of glutathione status. Both the transition metals and the organic chemicals within the three collected PM samples under study might be involved in the oxidative damage and, therefore, the toxicity they induced in A549 cells.
authors: Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
authors: Kouakou S
authors: KS
authors: Kouassi
authors: Sylvain
authors: S
authors: Billet
authors: Guillaume
authors: G
authors: Garçon
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Verdin
authors: Amadou
authors: A
authors: Diouf
authors: Fabrice
authors: F
authors: Cazier
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Djaman
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Courcot
authors: Pirouz
authors: P
authors: Shirali
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014507:Urbanization
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000975:Antioxidants; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D052638:Particulate Matter