title: Effects of partial ruminal defaunation on urea-nitrogen recycling, nitrogen metabolism, and microbial nitrogen supply in growing lambs fed low or high dietary crude protein concentrations.
abstract: Urea-nitrogen recycling to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), N metabolism, and urea transporter-B (UT-B) mRNA abundance in ruminal epithelium were evaluated in partially defaunated (PDFAUN) and faunated (FAUN) growing lambs fed 2 levels (10%, low, or 15%, high) of dietary CP (DM basis). Four Suffolk ram lambs (43.9 +/- 1.4 kg initial BW) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 27-d periods. Sunflower oil was fed (6%; DM basis) as an anti-protozoal agent. Nitrogen balance was measured from d 22 to 26, with concurrent measurement of urea-N kinetics using continuous intrajugular infusions of [(15)N(15)N]-urea. Feeding sunflower oil decreased (P < 0.01) total ruminal protozoa by 88%, and this was associated with a decrease (P < 0.01) in ruminal ammonia-N concentrations. Endogenous production of urea-N (UER; 26.1 vs. 34.6 g/d) and urea-N loss in urine (UUE; 10.1 vs. 15.7 g/d) were less (P < 0.01), and urea-N entering the GIT (GER; 16.0 vs. 18.9 g/d) tended to be less (P = 0.06) in PDFAUN as compared with FAUN lambs. However, as a proportion of UER, GER was greater (P < 0.01) and the proportion of recycled urea-N that was utilized for anabolism (i.e., UUA) tended to be greater (P = 0.09) in PDFAUN lambs. Partial defaunation increased (P < 0.01) microbial N supply. The UER, GER, and UUE were greater (P < 0.01) in lambs fed the high diet. However, as a proportion of UER, GER and its anabolic use were greater (P < 0.01) in lambs fed the low diet. The expression of UT-B mRNA in PDFAUN lambs was numerically greater (by 20%; P = 0.15) compared with FAUN lambs. In summary, results indicate that part of the mechanism for improved N utilization in defaunated ruminants is an increase in the proportion of endogenous urea-N output that is recycled to the GIT, thus potentially providing additional N for microbial growth.
authors: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5A8.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Kiran
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Mutsvangwa
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen