title: Laterally wedged insoles in knee osteoarthritis: do biomechanical effects decline after one month of wear?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine whether the effect of laterally wedged insoles on the adduction moment in knee osteoarthritis (OA) declined after one month of wear, and whether higher reported use of insoles was associated with a reduced effect on the adduction moment at one month.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty people with medial compartment OA underwent gait analysis in their own shoes wearing i) no insoles and; ii) insoles wedged laterally 5 degrees in random order. Testing occurred at baseline and after one month of use of the insoles. Participants recorded daily use of insoles in a log-book. Outcomes were the first and second peak external knee adduction moment and the adduction angular impulse, compared across conditions and time with repeated measures general linear models. Correlations were obtained between total insole use and change in gait parameters with used insoles at one month, and change scores were compared between high and low users of insoles using general linear models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant main effect for condition, whereby insoles significantly reduced the adduction moment (all p < 0.001). However there was no significant main effect for time, nor was an interaction effect evident. No significant associations were observed between total insole use and change in gait parameters with used insoles at one month, nor was there a difference in effectiveness of insoles between high and low users of the insoles at this time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effects of laterally wedged insoles on the adduction moment do not appear to decline after one month of continuous use, suggesting that significant wedge degradation does not occur over the short-term.
authors: Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, School of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ranash@unimelb.edu.au
authors: Rana S
authors: RS
authors: Hinman
authors: Kelly Ann
authors: KA
authors: Bowles
authors: Kim L
authors: KL
authors: Bennell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012775:Shoes; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking