Glioblastoma-derived mechanisms of systemic immunosuppression.
Abnormalities of cellular immunity are commonly seen in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), and the subsequent relative immunosuppression likely contributes to poor tumor-specific responses in affected individuals. Endogenous immune regulation is likely to limit the efficacy of a wide array of immunotherapeutic strategies, therefore mandating consideration in the continued development of novel treatments for GBM. Various tumor-associated factors have been implicated as potential generators of the immunosuppressive effect. This article outlines relevant experimentation exploring the nature of immune defects in patients with GBM, including a critical discussion of tumor-secreted factors, cell-surface proteins, and more recently described populations of immunoregulatory leukocytes that have potential roles in the subversion of cellular immunity.
Waziri
Allen
A
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 12631 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. allen.waziri@uchsc.edu
D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000276:immunology; D009857:Oncogenes; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019139:Tumor Escape