title: Expression of CD133, PAX2, ESA, and GPR30 in invasive ductal breast carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biomarkers in breast neoplasms provide invaluable information regarding prognosis and help determining the optimal treatment. We have examined the possible correlation between cancer stem cell (CSC)-like markers (CD133, paired box gene 2 protein (PAX2), epithelial specific antigen (ESA)), and a new membrane estrogen receptor (G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPR30)) in invasive ductal breast carcinomas with known clinicopathological parameters, tumor recurrence, and expression of some known biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 74 invasive ductal breast carcinomas, we investigated the protein expression of these molecular markers by immunohistochemistry, and their associations with known clinicopathological parameters, tumor recurrence, and expression of some known biomarkers. We studied the interrelationship between the expressions of these proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD133, a putative CSC marker, was positively related to tumor size, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis. PAX2 was negatively correlated with tumor recurrence. ESA, one of the breast CSC markers, was an indicator of tumor recurrence. GPR30 was associated with hormone receptors. Despite the correlation between GPR30 and the nuclear estrogen receptor, the expression was dependent. Positive staining of GPR30 in tumors displayed a significant association with high C-erbB2 expression and a tendency for tumor recurrence. A positive relationship between GPR30 and CD133 existed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detecting the expression of CD133, PAX2, ESA, and GPR30 in invasive ductal breast carcinomas may be of help in more accurately predicting the aggressive properties of breast cancer and determining the optimal treatment.
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors: Qun
authors: Q
authors: Liu
authors: Ji-guang
authors: JG
authors: Li
authors: Xin-yu
authors: XY
authors: Zheng
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Jin
authors: Hui-ting
authors: HT
authors: Dong
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000032:analysis*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C109584:GPER1 protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; C497318:PAX2 protein, human; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C106354:flotillins