title: Incidence and predictors of silent embolic cerebral infarction following diagnostic coronary angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary angiography (CAG) is an invasive diagnostic procedure, which could lead to procedure related complications. One of the well known post-procedural complications is cerebral embolic infarction with or without symptoms. Silent embolic cerebral infarction (SECI) has clinical significance because it can progress to a decline in cognitive function and increase the risk of dementia in the long term. The aim of this study was to detect the incidence and predictors of SECI after diagnostic CAG using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 197 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent DW-MRI for evaluation of intracranial vasculopathy before coronary artery bypass graft surgery were retrospectively enrolled in the present study. DW-MRI was performed within 48 h after diagnostic CAG. SECI was diagnosed as presence of focal bright high signal intensity in DW-MRI. Patients were divided into groups according to presence/absence of SECI (+ SECI vs. - SECI, respectively). The clinical and angiographic characteristics were analyzed and independent predictors were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 197 patients, SECI occurred in 20 patients (10.2%) after diagnostic CAG. Age, female gender, frequency of underlying atrial fibrillation, extent of coronary disease, and fluoroscopic time during diagnostic CAG were not different between the + SECI and - SECI groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in the + SECI group than in the - SECI group (45.9 ± 8.5% vs. 51.4 ± 13.1%, p=0.014) and performance rate of internal mammary artery (IMA) angiography was significantly higher in the + SECI group compared with the - SECI group (85% vs. 37.2%, p<0.001). By multivariate analysis, performing IMA angiography was the only predictor of SECI (OR=14.642; 95% CI=3.201 to 66.980, p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of SECI after diagnostic CAG was not infrequent. Diagnostic CAG with IMA angiography may increase the risk of SECI.
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors: In-Cheol
authors: IC
authors: Kim
authors: Seung-Ho
authors: SH
authors: Hur
authors: Nam-Hee
authors: NH
authors: Park
authors: Dong-Hwan
authors: DH
authors: Jun
authors: Yun-Kyeong
authors: YK
authors: Cho
authors: Chang-Wook
authors: CW
authors: Nam
authors: Hyungseop
authors: H
authors: Kim
authors: Seong-Wook
authors: SW
authors: Han
authors: Sae-Young
authors: SY
authors: Choi
authors: Yoon-Nyun
authors: YN
authors: Kim
authors: Kwon-Bae
authors: KB
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies