title: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, dementia, and cerebrovascular pathology in elders receiving home services.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D deficiency has potential adverse effects on neurocognitive health and subcortical function. However, no studies have examined the association between vitamin D status, dementia, and cranial MRI indicators of cerebrovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional investigation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], dementia, and MRI measures of CVD in elders receiving home care (aged 65-99 years) from 2003 to 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 318 participants, the mean age was 73.5 +/- 8.1 years, 231 (72.6%) were women, and 109 (34.3%) were black. 25(OH)D concentrations were deficient (<10 ng/mL) in 14.5% and insufficient (10-20 ng/mL) in 44.3% of participants. There were 76 participants (23.9%) with dementia, 41 of which were classified as probable AD. Mean 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in subjects with dementia (16.8 vs 20.0 ng/mL, p < 0.01). There was a higher prevalence of dementia among participants with 25(OH)D insufficiency (< or =20 ng/mL) (30.5% vs 14.5%, p < 0.01). 25(OH)D deficiency was associated with increased white matter hyperintensity volume (4.9 vs 2.9 mL, p < 0.01), grade (3.0 vs 2.2, p = 0.04), and prevalence of large vessel infarcts (10.1% vs 6.9%, p < 0.01). After adjustment for age, race, sex, body mass index, and education, 25(OH)D insufficiency (< or =20 ng/mL) was associated with more than twice the odds of all-cause dementia (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-4.2), Alzheimer disease (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-6.1), and stroke (with and without dementia symptoms) (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-4.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was associated with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease, stroke (with and without dementia symptoms), and MRI indicators of cerebrovascular disease. These findings suggest a potential vasculoprotective role of vitamin D.
authors: Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Buell
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Dawson-Hughes
authors: T M
authors: TM
authors: Scott
authors: D E
authors: DE
authors: Weiner
authors: G E
authors: GE
authors: Dallal
authors: W Q
authors: WQ
authors: Qui
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Bergethon
authors: I H
authors: IH
authors: Rosenberg
authors: M F
authors: MF
authors: Folstein
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Patz
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Bhadelia
authors: K L
authors: KL
authors: Tucker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018962:Phlebotomy / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D