title: Analysis of urinary function using validated instruments and uroflowmetry after primary and salvage prostate cryoablation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate changes in urinary function after cryoablation for clinically localized prostate cancer and to investigate risk factors that predict changes in urinary function after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among the patients who underwent primary or salvage cryoablation between January 2002 and May 2008, 74 patients (50 primary and 24 salvage) with both a preoperative and postoperative urinary function domain score and uroflowmetry were included in this study. The mean age was 66.8 ± 7.5 years and the mean follow-up period was 42.5 ± 20.3 months. The changes in postoperative urinary function were evaluated on the basis of several categorized groups, including surgical method, preoperative urinary symptoms, and prostate volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 74 patients, 2 (2.7%) presented with mild stress incontinence after cryoablation. No patient presented with persistent urinary retention or urethral fistula. When comparing postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and bother index scores with preoperative scores, it was found that on average IPSS and bother index recovered 12 and 18 months after cryoablation, respectively, and continued to improve after recovery. Only salvage cryoablation correlated with deteriorating urinary function in a logistic regression model (P = .032). However, it was noted that the patients with preoperative moderate to severe urinary symptoms and larger prostate volume showed improvement of urinary function after cryoablation. No associations were found between worsened urinary function and prostate volume, comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, and diabetes), or sexual function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cryoablation is a minimally invasive surgery for localized prostate cancer. This study is the first to demonstrate the ability of cryoablation in terms of maintaining and potentially improving urinary function using validated instruments and uroflowmetry assessments.
authors: Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke Prostate Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Kimura
authors: Vladimir
authors: V
authors: Mouraviev
authors: Matvey
authors: M
authors: Tsivian
authors: Daniel M
authors: DM
authors: Moreira
authors: Janice M
authors: JM
authors: Mayes
authors: Thomas J
authors: TJ
authors: Polascik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D014563:Urodynamics