title: PHA665752, a small-molecule inhibitor of c-Met, inhibits hepatocyte growth factor-stimulated migration and proliferation of c-Met-positive neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  c-Met is a tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), and both c-Met and its ligand are expressed in a variety of tissues. C-Met/HGF/SF signaling is essential for normal embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tissue regeneration. Abnormal c-Met/HGF/SF signaling has been demonstrated in different tumors and linked to aggressive and metastatic tumor phenotypes. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated inhibition of c-Met/HGF/SF signaling by the small-molecule inhibitor PHA665752. This study investigated c-Met and HGF expression in two neuroblastoma (NBL) cell lines and tumor tissue from patients with NBL, as well as the effects of PHA665752 on growth and motility of NBL cell lines. The effect of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN on migration and proliferation of tumor cells treated with PHA665752 was also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of c-Met and HGF in NBL cell lines SH-EP and SH-SY5Y and primary tumor tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. The effect of PHA665752 on c-Met/HGF signaling involved in NBL cell proliferation and migration was evaluated in c-Met-positive cells and c-Met-transfected cells. The transwell chemotaxis assay and the MTT assay were used to measure migration and proliferation/cell-survival of tumor cells, respectively. The PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone was used to assess the effect of PTEN on PHA665752-induced inhibition of NBL cell proliferation/cell-survival and migration
  
  
  RESULTS
  High c-Met expression was detected in SH-EP cells and primary tumors from patients with advanced-stage disease. C-Met/HGF signaling induced both migration and proliferation of SH-EP cells. Migration and proliferation/cell-survival were inhibited by PHA665752 in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that induced overexpression of PTEN following treatment with rosiglitazone significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of PHA665752 on NBL-cell migration and proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  c-Met is highly expressed in most tumors from patients with advanced-stage, metastatic NBL. Furthermore, using the NBL cell line SH-EP as a model, PHA665752 was shown to inhibit cMet/HGF/SF signaling in vitro, suggesting c-Met inhibitors may have efficacy for blocking local progression and/or metastatic spread of c-Met-positive NBL in vivo. These are novel findings for this disease and suggest that further studies of agents targeting the c-Met/HGF axis in NBL are warranted.
authors: Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and University Medical Group of the Greenville Hospital System, Greenville, SC 29605, USA. HCrosswell@ghs.org
authors: Hal E
authors: HE
authors: Crosswell
authors: Anindya
authors: A
authors: Dasgupta
authors: Carlos S
authors: CS
authors: Alvarado
authors: Tanya
authors: T
authors: Watt
authors: James G
authors: JG
authors: Christensen
authors: Pradip
authors: P
authors: De
authors: Donald L
authors: DL
authors: Durden
authors: Harry W
authors: HW
authors: Findley
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000378:metabolism; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C480541:5-((2,6-dichlorobenzyl)sulfonyl)-3-((3,5-dimethyl-4-((2-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D013450:Sulfones; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase