title: Primary care burden and treatment of patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Scotland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently coexist and present major challenges to healthcare providers. The epidemiology, consultation rate, and treatment of patients with HF and COPD in primary care are ill-defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This was an analysis of cross-sectional data from 61 primary care practices (377 439 patients) participating in the Scottish Continuous Morbidity Recording scheme. The prevalence of COPD in patients with HF increased from 19.8% in 1999 to 23.8% in 2004. In 2004, the prevalence was similar in men and women (24.8% vs. 22.9%, P = 0.09), increased with age up to 75 years, and increased with greater socioeconomic deprivation (most deprived 31.3% vs. least deprived 18.6%, P = 0.01). Contact rates for HF or COPD in those with both conditions were greater than disease-specific contact rates in patients with either condition alone. Although overall beta-blocker prescribing increased over time; the adjusted odds of beta-blocker prescription in patients with COPD was low and failed to improve [odds ratio 0.30 (0.28-0.32), P < 0.001]. In 2004, only 18% of individuals with HF and COPD were prescribed beta-blockers vs. 41% in those without COPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a frequent comorbidity in patients with HF and represents a significant healthcare burden to primary care. Although beta-blocker prescribing in the community has increased, less than a fifth of patients with HF and COPD received beta-blockers.
authors: Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Thomas Drive, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK. nathawkins@hotmail.com
authors: Nathaniel M
authors: NM
authors: Hawkins
authors: Pardeep S
authors: PS
authors: Jhund
authors: Colin R
authors: CR
authors: Simpson
authors: Mark C
authors: MC
authors: Petrie
authors: Michael R
authors: MR
authors: Macdonald
authors: Francis G
authors: FG
authors: Dunn
authors: Kate
authors: K
authors: Macintyre
authors: John J V
authors: JJ
authors: McMurray
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists