title: Adenoviral gene transfer of active human transforming growth factor-{beta}2 elevates intraocular pressure and reduces outflow facility in rodent eyes.
abstract: Purpose. Glaucoma is a leading cause worldwide of blindness and visual impairment. Transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGFbeta2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on elevated levels in glaucomatous aqueous humor and its ability to induce extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in the trabecular meshwork (TM). The goal of this study was to generate a rodent model of POAG using viral gene transfer of human TGFbeta2. Methods. Latent (hTGFbeta2(WT)) or active (C226S, C228S; hTGFbeta2(226/228)) TGFbeta2-encoding cDNA was cloned into the pac.Ad5.CMV.K-N.pA shuttle vector for generation of replication-deficient adenovirus. Empty adenovirus (Ad5.CMV.K-N.pA) was used as a control. Adenoviral expression of active and total TGFbeta2 was assayed in vitro by the transduction of Chinese hamster ovary and trabecular meshwork cells. BALB/cJ mice or Wistar rats were injected either intracamerally or intravitreally with the adenovectors and assessed for changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) using the rebound tonometer. At peak IOP, aqueous outflow facility and total TGFbeta2 levels in aqueous humor were measured. Mouse eye morphology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results. Adenoviral gene transfer of hTGFbeta2(226/228), but not hTGFbeta2(WT), to the rodent eye elevated IOP in rat (43%, P < 0.001) and mouse (110%, P < 0.001) and reduced aqueous humor outflow facility in the mouse. The TGFbeta2-induced ocular hypertension correlated with anterior segment TGFbeta2 expression levels (P < 0.0001). Conclusions. The adenoviral TGFbeta2 rodent model displays the glaucoma risk factors of elevated IOP and decreased aqueous outflow facility and may potentially serve as a model for studying glaucoma.
authors: Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, Texas, USA. allan.shepard@alconlabs.com
authors: Allan R
authors: AR
authors: Shepard
authors: J Cameron
authors: JC
authors: Millar
authors: Iok-Hou
authors: IH
authors: Pang
authors: Nasreen
authors: N
authors: Jacobson
authors: Wan-Heng
authors: WH
authors: Wang
authors: Abbot F
authors: AF
authors: Clark
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2