title: Xenopus Meis3 protein lies at a nexus downstream to Zic1 and Pax3 proteins, regulating multiple cell-fates during early nervous system development.
abstract: In Xenopus embryos, XMeis3 protein activity is required for normal hindbrain formation. Our results show that XMeis3 protein knock down also causes a loss of primary neuron and neural crest cell lineages, without altering expression of Zic, Sox or Pax3 genes. Knock down or inhibition of the Pax3, Zic1 or Zic5 protein activities extinguishes embryonic expression of the XMeis3 gene, as well as triggering the loss of hindbrain, neural crest and primary neuron cell fates. Ectopic XMeis3 expression can rescue the Zic knock down phenotype. HoxD1 is an XMeis3 direct-target gene, and ectopic HoxD1 expression rescues cell fate losses in either XMeis3 or Zic protein knock down embryos. FGF3 and FGF8 are direct target genes of XMeis3 protein and their expression is lost in XMeis3 morphant embryos. In the genetic cascade controlling embryonic neural cell specification, XMeis3 lies below general-neuralizing, but upstream of FGF and regional-specific genes. Thus, XMeis3 protein is positioned at a key regulatory point, simultaneously regulating multiple neural cell fates during early vertebrate nervous system development.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
authors: Yoni E
authors: YE
authors: Gutkovich
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Ofir
authors: Yaniv M
authors: YM
authors: Elkouby
authors: Charna
authors: C
authors: Dibner
authors: Aharon
authors: A
authors: Gefen
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Elias
authors: Dale
authors: D
authors: Frank
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019070:Cell Lineage; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051518:Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D005799:Genes, Dominant / Q000235:genetics; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D051518:Fibroblast Growth Factor 3; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C502569:Hoxd1 protein, Xenopus; C491174:Meis3 protein, Xenopus; C489411:Pax3 protein, Xenopus; C116546:Zic1 protein, Xenopus; C101907:neurogenin, Xenopus