title: The effects of low- and high-glycemic index meals on time trial performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to determine whether the consumption of pre-exercise high- or low-glycemic index (GI) meals has a beneficial effect on time trial performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight male cyclists were provided with either a high-GI or low-GI meal, providing 1 g x kg(-1) body mass of carbohydrate, 45 min before performing a 40-km time trial on a Velotron cyclePro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time trial performance was significantly improved in the low-GI trial (92.5 +/- 5.2 min) compared with the high-GI trial (95.6 +/- 6.0 min) (P = .009). Blood glucose concentrations at the point of exhaustion were significantly higher in the low-GI trial (5.2 +/- 0.6 mmol x L(-1)) compared with the high-GI trial (4.7 +/- 0.7 mmol x L(-1)) (P = .001). There was no significant difference in estimated carbohydrate oxidation data between the low-GI (2.51 +/- 1.74 g x min(-1)) and high-GI (2.18 +/- 1.53 g x min(-1)) meals (P = .195). No significant difference in estimated fat oxidation was observed between the low-GI (0.15 +/- 0.15 g x min(-1)) and high-GI (0.29 +/- 0.18 g x min(-1)) diets (P = .83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improvement in time trial performance for the low-GI trial may be associated with an increased availability of glucose to the working muscles, contributing additional carbohydrate for oxidation and possibly sparing limited muscle and liver glycogen stores.
authors: Department of Sport, Health, and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, East Yorkshire, UK.
authors: Laura J S
authors: LJ
authors: Moore
authors: Adrian W
authors: AW
authors: Midgley
authors: Gemma
authors: G
authors: Thomas
authors: Shane
authors: S
authors: Thurlow
authors: Lars R
authors: LR
authors: McNaughton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates