Simian rotaviruses possess divergent gene constellations that originated from interspecies transmission and reassortment.
Although few simian rotaviruses (RVs) have been isolated, such strains have been important for basic research and vaccine development. To explore the origins of simian RVs, the complete genome sequences of strains PTRV (G8P[1]), RRV (G3P[3]), and TUCH (G3P[24]) were determined. These data allowed the genotype constellations of each virus to be determined and the phylogenetic relationships of the simian strains with each other and with nonsimian RVs to be elucidated. The results indicate that PTRV was likely transmitted from a bovine or other ruminant into pig-tailed macaques (its host of origin), since its genes have genotypes and encode outer-capsid proteins similar to those of bovine RVs. In contrast, most of the genes of rhesus-macaque strains, RRV and TUCH, have genotypes more typical of canine-feline RVs. However, the sequences of the canine and/or feline (canine/feline)-like genes of RRV and TUCH are only distantly related to those of modern canine/feline RVs, indicating that any potential transmission of a progenitor of these viruses from a canine/feline host to a simian host was not recent. The remaining genes of RRV and TUCH appear to have originated through reassortment with bovine, human, or other RV strains. Finally, comparison of PTRV, RRV, and TUCH genes with those of the vervet-monkey RV SA11-H96 (G3P[2]) indicates that SA11-H96 shares little genetic similarity to other simian strains and likely has evolved independently. Collectively, our data indicate that simian RVs are of diverse ancestry with genome constellations that originated largely by interspecies transmission and reassortment with nonhuman animal RVs.
Matthijnssens
Jelle
J
Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Taraporewala
Zenobia F
ZF
Yang
Hongyan
H
Rao
Shujing
S
Yuan
Lijuan
L
Cao
Dianjun
D
Hoshino
Yasutaka
Y
Mertens
Peter P C
PP
Carner
Gerry R
GR
McNeal
Monica
M
Sestak
Karol
K
Van Ranst
Marc
M
Patton
John T
JT
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D002415:Cats; D002417:Cattle; D004285:Dogs; D016679:Genome, Viral; D000882:Haplorhini / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins