title: Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: implementation of multidisciplinary care.
abstract: Optimum management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) requires a multidisciplinary approach that focuses on anticipatory and preventive measures as well as active interventions to address the primary and secondary aspects of the disorder. Implementing comprehensive management strategies can favourably alter the natural history of the disease and improve function, quality of life, and longevity. Standardised care can also facilitate planning for multicentre trials and help with the identification of areas in which care can be improved. Here, we present a comprehensive set of DMD care recommendations for management of rehabilitation, orthopaedic, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastroenterology/nutrition, and pain issues, as well as general surgical and emergency-room precautions. Together with part 1 of this Review, which focuses on diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, and psychosocial care, these recommendations allow diagnosis and management to occur in a coordinated multidisciplinary fashion.
authors: Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. kate.bushby@newcastle.ac.uk
authors: Katharine
authors: K
authors: Bushby
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Finkel
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Birnkrant
authors: Laura E
authors: LE
authors: Case
authors: Paula R
authors: PR
authors: Clemens
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Cripe
authors: Ajay
authors: A
authors: Kaul
authors: Kathi
authors: K
authors: Kinnett
authors: Craig
authors: C
authors: McDonald
authors: Shree
authors: S
authors: Pandya
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Poysky
authors: Frederic
authors: F
authors: Shapiro
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Tomezsko
authors: Carolyn
authors: C
authors: Constantin
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management; D010348:Patient Care Team; D026761:Physical Therapy Specialty / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome