title: Assessment of estrogen receptors and apoptotic factors in cryopreserved human ovarian cortex.
abstract: The aims of this study were: (i) to examine frozen-thawed ovarian tissues for features of follicular health and atresia by histology; (ii) to assess the expression of estrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) by real-time PCR; (iii) to evaluate the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, as an apoptotic index, in the ovarian tissues before and after cryopreservation. Ovarian cortical biopsies were obtained from 11 patients. The fragments were subdivided into two groups, fresh (control tissues) and cryopreserved tissues obtained by direct plunging into liquid nitrogen. Both tissue groups were subjected to a histological evaluation of the healthy and atretic follicles, immunohistochemical localization of the ER, and a real-time PCR (qPCR) to evaluate the expression of ER, Bax, Bcl-2 as well as beta-actin, as control gene. Damage was observed in 31% of primordial, 45% of primary, and 75% of secondary follicles in the cryopreserved tissue group. The qPCR analysis showed that the level of ERbeta was greater in fresh than cryopreserved tissues, whereas the ERalpha expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were similar in both tissue groups. A significant inverse association was observed between ERalpha mRNA levels in the fresh tissue group and subjects' ages. The results show that cryopreservation and thawing of human ovarian tissue does not affect the morphology of primordial or primary follicles and that cryopreservation does not affect apoptosis. However, cryopreservation seems to have an inhibitory effect on the level of ERbeta. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the differential effects of freezing follicles at different stages of follicular development and ovarian steroidogenesis.
authors: University of Bari, Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Centre of Pathophysiology of Human Reproduction and Gametes Cryopreservation, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedale Policlinico Consorziale, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11-70124, Bari, Italy.
authors: Raffaella
authors: R
authors: Depalo
authors: Filomenamila
authors: F
authors: Lorusso
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Bettocchi
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Selvaggi
authors: Aldo
authors: A
authors: Cavallini
authors: Anna Maria
authors: AM
authors: Valentini
authors: Maria Lucia
authors: ML
authors: Caruso
authors: Catia
authors: C
authors: Lippolis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein