title: Carbamate poisoning in a dairy goat herd: clinicopathological findings and therapeutic approach.
abstract: METHODS
  Approximately 1 hour after the consumption of carnations from a nearby glasshouse 55 animals from a dairy goat herd exhibited signs of possible poisoning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upon clinical examination affected animals exhibited signs of salivation, tympany, tachypnoea, polydipsia, urination, diarrhoea, bradycardia, miosis, tremor and convulsions. As poisoning from an acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticide was suspected, treatment with atropine sulphate was initiated at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg bodyweight. The treatment was repeated for some animals that relapsed, and was effective in all cases, with the exception of one goat kid that died.
  
  
  METHODS
  Necropsy of the goat kid showed pulmonary oedema and congestion of internal organs. Toxicological analysis of stomach contents and liver of the dead animal, as well as of the carnations, revealed high concentrations of carbamates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbamate poisoning after consumption of polluted feedstuffs or glasshouse products can be fatal for dairy goats. Atropine sulphate, at 0.3 mg/kg, can be useful in treating this condition.
authors: Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 St Voutyra Street, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece. ngiadini@vet.auth.gr
authors: N D
authors: ND
authors: Giadinis
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Raikos
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Loukopoulos
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Malliarakis
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Karatzias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001344:Autopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D002219:Carbamates / Q000506:poisoning*; D003612:Dairying; D029749:Dianthus; D006041:Goats; D006115:Greece; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D001285:Atropine