title: Short communication: HIV type 1 genetic diversity among tea plantation workers in Kericho, Kenya.
abstract: In preparation for HIV-1 vaccine trials in Kenya, 2801 study volunteers, from a tea plantation in Kericho, were recruited as part of a prospective vaccine cohort development study. Cryopreserved plasma was available from 401 HIV-positive volunteers, and was the source of viral RNA for genotyping by the multiregion hybridization assay (MHA). Logistic regression was performed to determine association of risk factors and HIV-1 recombinant and dual infections. At baseline, HIV-1 subtype A was the dominant circulating pure subtype (56%), followed by subtype D (10%) and C (5%). Recombinant HIV-1 strains accounted for almost one-third of all infections (29%), with 7% infected with a dual strain of the HIV-1 variants described. A higher number of HIV-1 recombinant and dual infections was observed among volunteers who were 18-24 and 25-29 years of age, affiliated with the Luo tribe, had been married two or more times, reported not being circumcised, and had STI symptoms in the past 6 months. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) significantly associated with HIV-1 recombinant and dual infection were age difference from current spouse (5-9 years; AOR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.2-5.3 and > or = 10 years; AOR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.5-6.4) and reported STI symptoms in the past 6 months (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI = 2.0-11.6), respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that there is considerable heterogeneity with respect to HIV-1 subtype diversity in this population that should be considered in the planning for future vaccine trials in the region.
authors: Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. miguel.a.arroyo@us.army.mil
authors: Miguel A
authors: MA
authors: Arroyo
authors: Warren B
authors: WB
authors: Sateren
authors: Ginamarie
authors: G
authors: Foglia
authors: Rukia
authors: R
authors: Kibaya
authors: Lilian
authors: L
authors: Langat
authors: Monique
authors: M
authors: Wasunna
authors: Christian T
authors: CT
authors: Bautista
authors: Paul T
authors: PT
authors: Scott
authors: Douglas N
authors: DN
authors: Shaffer
authors: Merlin L
authors: ML
authors: Robb
authors: Nelson L
authors: NL
authors: Michael
authors: Deborah L
authors: DL
authors: Birx
authors: Francine E
authors: FE
authors: McCutchan
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000235:genetics; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009154:Mutation; D015995:Prevalence; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines