[Visual and auditory analyzers of human under the conditions of acceleration: comparative analysis of the genesis of disturbances].
More than 500 pinpoint physiological experiments were to discern the state and genesis of visual and auditory disturbances during rotation on an 8-meter armed centrifuge at 14 g. The ample instrumentation provided a broad variety of measurements within very short intervals including acuity and angle of vision, absolute light sensitivity, critical flicker frequency, threshold of tone hearing, speech intelligibility. Examination of the eye ground blood vessels was conducted both remotely and by an ophthalmologist sitting next to a volunteered subject during rotation. Results of the experiments showed degradation of the visual function as acceleration grew and almost complete loss of vision at 12-14 g. As regards the hearing function, acoustic energy bore some loss on the way to the Corti's organ and yet hearing remained good enough to support orientation of human operator exposed to the range of acceleration that do not cause loss of consciousness. The significance of hearing retention is attested by successful experience of using aural information in laboratory studies of the effectiveness of manual space vehicle operation against 18 g. Comparative analysis of these and other laboratory data, and literature makes possible the assessment of the functional status of different components of light and acoustic energy transportation and transformation on the way to the "headquarters" and display of "weak points" of these analyzers. Our data favours the view on the retina as a blocker of the light energy transportation. Genesis of this phenomenon is associated primarily with the disturbance of circulation in a centralis retinae.
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D000054:Acceleration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*