title: Physical inactivity and chronic kidney disease in Australian adults: the AusDiab study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical inactivity is associated with cardiovascular risk however its relationship to chronic kidney disease is largely unknown. We examined the association between leisure-time physical activity and risk of chronic kidney disease in a prospective, population-based cohort of Australians aged ≥ 25 years (AusDiab).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline sample included 10,966 adults (4951 males and 6015 females). From this sample, 6318 participants with complete baseline and 5-year follow-up urinalysis and serum creatinine measurements formed the study population for longitudinal analysis. Self-reported leisure-time physical activity was measured using a validated, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Compared with sufficiently active individuals (≥ 150 min physical activity per week), those who were inactive (0 min/week) were more likely to have albuminuria at baseline (multivariate-adjusted OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.10-1.63). Inactivity (versus sufficient physical activity) was associated with increased age- and sex-adjusted odds of an estimated glomerular filtration rate <3rd percentile (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.02-1.65), although this was not significant after multivariate adjustment (OR=1.17, 95% CI 0.91-1.50). Obese, inactive individuals were significantly more likely to have albuminuria at baseline (multivariate-adjusted OR=1.74, 95% CI 1.35-2.25), compared with sufficiently active, non-obese individuals. Baseline physical activity status was not significantly associated with longitudinal outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical inactivity is cross-sectionally associated with albuminuria prevalence, particularly when combined with obesity. Future studies are needed to determine whether this association is causal and the importance of physical activity in CKD prevention.
authors: The George Institute for International Health, PO Box M201, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors: Sarah L
authors: SL
authors: White
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Dunstan
authors: Kevan R
authors: KR
authors: Polkinghorne
authors: Robert C
authors: RC
authors: Atkins
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Cass
authors: Steven J
authors: SJ
authors: Chadban
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007899:Leisure Activities; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires