title: Segmental and global longitudinal strain and strain rate based on echocardiography of 1266 healthy individuals: the HUNT study in Norway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the distribution of longitudinal systolic strain and strain rate (SR) as indicators of myocardial deformation according to age and sex in a healthy population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Longitudinal strain and SR were determined in 1266 healthy individuals from three standard apical views, using a combination of speckle tracking (ST) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) to track regions of interest (ROIs). To test applicability of the reference values, we used a subset of the population to compare four methods of assessing myocardial deformation: (1) a combination of TDI and ST; (2) TDI with fixed ROIs; (3) TDI with tracking of ROIs; and (4) ST. Mean (SD) overall global longitudinal strain and SR were -17.4% (2.3) and -1.05 s(-1) (0.13) in women, and -15.9% (2.3) and -1.01 s(-1) (0.13) in men. Deformation indices decreased with increasing age. The combined and ST methods showed identical SR, but values were significantly lower than those obtained by TDI. Strain was overestimated by the ST method (18.4%) compared with the combined method (17.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reference values for global and segmental longitudinal strain and SR obtained from this population study are applicable for use in a wide clinical setting.
authors: Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. havard.dalen@ntnu.no
authors: Havard
authors: H
authors: Dalen
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Thorstensen
authors: Svein A
authors: SA
authors: Aase
authors: Charlotte B
authors: CB
authors: Ingul
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Torp
authors: Lars J
authors: LJ
authors: Vatten
authors: Asbjorn
authors: A
authors: Stoylen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium; D009664:Norway; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013599:Systole; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D055815:Young Adult