title: Prospective study of non-nutritive sucking and feeding skills in premature infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present work was to assess the value of non-nutritive sucking (NNS) measures as predictors of oral feeding performance in comparison to other putative predictors of feeding skills: respiratory support, post-menstrual age (PMA) at birth and the neonatal oral motor assessment score (NOMAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, observational study. Cox proportional hazards and non-parametric rank sum tests were used to assess the relationship between NNS and feeding outcome measures. The setting was neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in rural/academic, urban/tertiary centres in the USA. In all, 51 premature infants born between 25 and 34 weeks' PMA, birth weight 1512.3+/-499.4 g, were included in this study. Interventions were measurement of NNS, standardised feeding advance schedule, performance of NOMAS, and standardised, permissive, oral feeding advance schedule.
  
  
  METHODS
  were transition time from first to full oral feeding (FOF) and gestational age at FOF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher NNS organisation scores predicted shorter transition to FOF (p<0.05): infants with a more organised suck pattern reached independent oral feeding 3 days earlier (16 vs 13 day transition) than infants with more chaotic patterns of suck bursts. Consistency of the suck waves also corresponded with feeding milestones: infants with more regular suck wave pressure deflections became competent oral feeders approximately 3 days earlier than those with irregular suck pressure waves. PMA at birth was inversely associated with PMA at FOF. NOMAS measures were not associated with outcome measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measures of NNS organisation and suck consistency constitute useful candidate predictors of feeding performance by premature infants. The results accord with previous findings linking PMA at birth with age at independent feeding.
authors: Fletcher Allen Health Care/University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. Peter.Bingham@vtmednet.org
authors: Peter M
authors: PM
authors: Bingham
authors: Taka
authors: T
authors: Ashikaga
authors: Soraya
authors: S
authors: Abbasi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013391:Sucking Behavior / Q000502:physiology*