Glucocorticoids increase alpha5 integrin expression and adhesion of synovial fibroblasts but inhibit ERK signaling, migration, and cartilage invasion.
OBJECTIVE
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), integrins mediate cell adhesion, migration, and invasion, and their expression is regulated by cytokines and growth factors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hormones such as cortisol or other steroids can influence integrin expression and function in the synovial cells of patients with RA.


METHODS
We performed immunofluorescence and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses to quantify surface integrin levels. Adhesion and migration assays were performed to study the function of synovial fibroblasts (SFs). ERK activation was measured by cellular activation of a signaling enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Invasion of SFs into cartilage was determined in the SCID mouse coimplantation model of RA in vivo.


RESULTS
In RA, expression of integrin subunits alpha5, alphav, and beta1 was higher at the site of invasion compared with the sublining zone. Testosterone and 17beta-estradiol had no influence on integrin levels, but cortisol up-regulated expression of the alpha5 subunit in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. In addition, cortisol increased the adhesion of SFs to fibronectin and inhibited ERK signaling upon integrin activation or upon stimulation with tumor necrosis factor. Small interfering RNA or a neutralizing antibody to alpha5 integrin increased SF migration, indicating that up-regulated alpha5 integrin is responsible for an immobile phenotype. In addition, in the SCID mouse model, SF invasion into cartilage was attenuated by glucocorticoid treatment in vivo.


CONCLUSIONS
Glucocorticoids increase integrin expression and the adhesion of cells to fibronectin, inhibit ERK signaling, and down-regulate the invasiveness of SFs in vivo. This study demonstrates that an important antiinflammatory aspect of glucocorticoids is regulating the expression and function of alpha5 integrin.
Lowin
Torsten
T
Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Straub
Rainer H
RH
Neumann
Elena
E
Bosserhoff
Anja
A
Vogel
Corinna
C
Moissl
Christine
C
Anders
Sven
S
Müller-Ladner
Ulf
U
Schedel
Jörg
J
D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000494:pharmacology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D039482:Integrin alpha5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology
D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D039482:Integrin alpha5; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D006854:Hydrocortisone