title: A randomized controlled trial of double versus triple therapy with amantadine for genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C in Latino patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With only a third of Latinos achieving sustained virologic response (SVR), there is a need for enhanced HCV treatment. Amantadine has been proposed to improve response rates in addition to standard therapy with peginterferon alpha and ribavirin. Our objective is to evaluate whether triple therapy with amantadine improves SVR rates in this special population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment-naïve Latino subjects with HCV genotype 1 infection were randomized to receive peginterferon alpha-2a plus weight-based ribavirin for 48 weeks (double therapy) or the same regimen plus amantadine 200 mg daily (triple therapy). The primary endpoint was SVR. Predictors of liver fibrosis using APRI and Forns indices were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 124 patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1. Sixty-three received conventional therapy and 61 patients had triple therapy with amantadine. SVR at week 72 was achieved in 25 patients (39.7%) vs. 26 patients (42.6%) in the double and triple regimen, respectively (p=0.561). After multivariate analysis, advanced fibrosis, obesity, and low pretreatment ALT levels were associated with non-response in both groups (p=0.0234, p=0.0012, p=0.0249, respectively). APRI values delimited an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.724 and Forns index with AUROC of 0.733. There was no difference between both indices in predicting significant fibrosis (Knodell index: F3-F4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that the addition of amantadine to standard treatment of chronic HCV does not improve SVR rates in Latino patients with genotype 1. Further research to improve response rates in this special population is needed.
authors: Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06725, Mexico, DF, Mexico. jmndoc@yahoo.com
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Méndez-Navarro
authors: Ruby A
authors: RA
authors: Chirino
authors: Kathleen E
authors: KE
authors: Corey
authors: Emmanuel C
authors: EC
authors: Gorospe
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Zheng
authors: Segundo
authors: S
authors: Morán
authors: Jesus A
authors: JA
authors: Juarez
authors: Raymond T
authors: RT
authors: Chung
authors: Margarita
authors: M
authors: Dehesa-Violante
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000547:Amantadine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; D000547:Amantadine; C100416:peginterferon alfa-2a