Neurobiochemical markers of brain damage in cerebrospinal fluid of acute ischemic stroke patients.
BACKGROUND
Ischemic injury to the central nervous system causes cellular activation and disintegration, leading to release of cell-type-specific proteins into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We investigated CSF concentrations of myelin basic protein (MBP), glial fibrillary astrocytic protein (GFAP), the calcium-binding protein S100B, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in acute ischemic stroke patients and their relation to initial stroke severity, stroke location, and long-term stroke outcome.


METHODS
CSF concentrations of MBP, GFAP, S100B, and NSE were assessed in 89 stroke patients on admission (mean 8.7 h after stroke onset) and in 35 controls. We evaluated the relation between CSF concentrations and (a) stroke severity (NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score on admission, infarct volume), (b) stroke location, and (c) stroke outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score at month 3).


RESULTS
MBP concentration was significantly higher in subcortical than in cortical infarcts (median MBP, 1.18 vs 0.66 microg/L, P < 0.001). GFAP and S100B concentrations correlated with the NIHSS score on admission (GFAP, R = 0.35, P = 0.001; S100B, R = 0.29, P = 0.006), infarct volume (GFAP, R = 0.34, P = 0.001; S100B, R = 0.28, P = 0.008), and mRS score at month 3 (R = 0.42, P < 0.001 and R = 0.28, P = 0.007). Concentrations of NSE did not correlate with stroke characteristics.


CONCLUSIONS
MBP, GFAP, S100B, and NSE display relevant differences in cellular and subcellular origins, which are reflected in their relation to stroke characteristics. MBP is a marker for infarct location. GFAP and S100B correlate with stroke severity and outcome.
Brouns
Raf
R
Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, ZNA Middelheim Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
De Vil
Bart
B
Cras
Patrick
P
De Surgeloose
Didier
D
Mariën
Peter
P
De Deyn
Peter P
PP
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D020521:Stroke / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase