title: Closing the heart failure management gap in the community: managing hypotension and impact on outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perception of risk in using recommended therapy in heart failure (HF) patients with hypotension adds to the problems of undertreatment in management. We aimed to determine the feasibility and outcomes of therapy in hypotensive HF patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were collected from HF clinic patients between 1999 and 2003. Exclusion criteria were: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >45%; myocardial infarction or revascularization within 3 months of referral; and consult-only visits. Criteria were met by 500 patients. Median follow-up was 6.8 years, with end points of total mortality and combined death and hospitalizations. Blood pressure measurements were done by the nursing staff after the patient was seated for at least 5minutes. Two measures were taken per each patient encounter and the average of 2 systolic values is recorded for group categorization. Group 1 (hypotension, n=112) subjects were younger (65+/-14 vs. 69+/-12; P=.003) and had lower mean LVEF (22+/-10% vs. 25+/-9%; P=.012) than group 2 (no hypotension, n=338). Drug utilization was similar at 3 months, 1 year, and long-term. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased in group 1, but decreased in group 2. Mortality was similar at years 1 and 5 (12.8% vs. 9.9%, P=NS; 45.5% vs. 41.4%, P=.507); however, combined death and hospitalizations were negatively and independently affected by failure to receive therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When treated successfully with recommended therapy, SBP improved and patients with hypotension at baseline enjoyed significant benefits in outcomes. More effort is needed on mechanisms to implement guidelines to improve HF management.
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors: Kwame O
authors: KO
authors: Akosah
authors: Vicki L
authors: VL
authors: McHugh
authors: Michelle A
authors: MA
authors: Mathiason
authors: Kara J
authors: KJ
authors: Kallies
authors: Ross
authors: R
authors: Pinter
authors: Virginia B
authors: VB
authors: Thayer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome