title: An additive interaction between the NFkappaB and estrogen receptor signalling pathways in human endometrial epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human embryo implantation is regulated by estradiol (E2), progesterone and locally produced mediators including interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Interactions between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF kappa B (NFkappaB) signalling pathways have been reported in other systems but have not been detailed in human endometrium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Real-time PCR showed that mRNA for the p65 and p105 NFkappaB subunits is maximally expressed in endometrium from the putative implantation window. Both subunits are localized in the endometrial epithelium throughout the menstrual cycle. Reporter assays for estrogen response element (ERE) activity were used to examine functional interactions between ER and NFkappaB in telomerase immortalized endometrial epithelial cells (TERT-EEC). E2 and IL-1beta treatment of TERT-EECs enhances ERE activity by a NFkappaB and ER dependent mechanism; this effect could be mediated by ERalpha or ERbeta. E2 and IL-1beta also positively interact to increase endogenous gene expression of prostaglandin E synthase and c-myc. This is a gene-dependent action as there is no additive effect on cyclin D1 or progesterone receptor expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, we have established that NFkappaB signalling proteins are expressed in normal endometrium and report that IL-1beta can enhance the actions of E2 in a cell line derived from healthy endometrium. This mechanism may allow IL-1beta, possibly from the developing embryo, to modulate the function of the endometrial epithelium to promote successful implantation, for example by regulating prostaglandin production. Aberrations in the interaction between the ER and NFkappaB signalling pathways may have a negative impact on implantation contributing to pathologies such as early pregnancy loss and infertility.
authors: Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors: A E
authors: AE
authors: King
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Collins
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Klonisch
authors: J-M
authors: JM
authors: Sallenave
authors: H O D
authors: HO
authors: Critchley
authors: P T K
authors: PT
authors: Saunders
mesh_terms: D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000502:physiology; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D004958:Estradiol; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases