title: Diffusion imaging and tractography of congenital brain malformations.
abstract: Diffusion imaging is an MRI modality that measures the microscopic molecular motion of water in order to investigate white matter microstructure. The modality has been used extensively in recent years to investigate the neuroanatomical basis of congenital brain malformations. We review the basic principles of diffusion imaging and of specific techniques, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI). We show how DTI and HARDI, and their application to fiber tractography, has elucidated the aberrant connectivity underlying a number of congenital brain malformations. Finally, we discuss potential uses for diffusion imaging of developmental disorders in the clinical and research realms.
authors: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Wahl
authors: A James
authors: AJ
authors: Barkovich
authors: Pratik
authors: P
authors: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*