title: Serum transforming growth factor-beta levels depend on allergen exposure in allergic rhinitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by inflammation sustained by dysregulated immune response. T-regulatory cells are involved in AR pathogenesis, mainly producing IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. Indeed, there is a functional and allergen-specific defect of T-regulatory cells in AR. However, there are no data about the influence of allergen exposure on TGF-beta serum levels. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate TGF-beta serum levels in patients with seasonal AR. Patients were evaluated either outside the pollen season and after 1 preseasonal sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) course (38 subjects) or during the pollen season (57 subjects).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were allergic to Parietaria and/or grasses alone. TGF-beta was measured by a commercially available kit. Symptoms, drug use and eosinophils were evaluated.Serum allergen-specific IgG and IgA levels were also measured by the ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGF-beta serum levels were significantly lower in patients evaluated outside the pollen season in comparison with the other 2 situations. SLIT induced the significantly highest TGF-beta serum levels. There was a significant negative relationship between TGF-beta and eosinophils in patients after SLIT. IgG and IgA levels were higher in SLIT-treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study provides evidence that TGF-beta serum levels are significantly dependent on allergen exposure.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. gio.cip@libero.it
authors: Giorgio
authors: G
authors: Ciprandi
authors: Mara
authors: M
authors: De Amici
authors: Mariangela
authors: M
authors: Tosca
authors: Gianluigi
authors: G
authors: Marseglia
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D032403:Parietaria / Q000276:immunology*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000276:immunology*; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta