title: The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common among patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Our aim was to investigate the frequency of chronic GI symptoms in Korean patients with NIDDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey, using a reliable and valid questionnaire, was performed in diabetes clinics from seven hospitals of the Catholic University of Korea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 608 patients (249 males and 359 females, mean age 53.7+/-10.9 years) were investigated. The frequencies of weekly heartburn and acid regurgitation (esophageal symptoms) were 7.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0 to 9.2) and 4.4% (95% CI, 2.8 to 6.1), respectively. The frequency of dyspepsia was 13.2% (95% CI, 10.5 to 15.8). The frequencies of constipation and diarrhea were 15.0% (95% CI, 12.2 to 18.0) and 5.3% (95% CI, 3.5 to 7.1), respectively. Nausea and the use of manual maneuvers to facilitate defecation were more prevalent in women than in men. Constipation and fecal incontinence were more common in diabetes patients with long duration (>10 years). Fecal incontinence and using laxatives were more frequent in the complicated diabetes group. Using laxatives was more frequent in the uncontrolled diabetes group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-thirds of diabetic patients experienced GI symptoms. The prevalence of GI symptoms was more common in patients who had diabetic complications and a long duration of diabetes.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jung-Hwan
authors: JH
authors: Oh
authors: Myung-Gyu
authors: MG
authors: Choi
authors: Moo-Il
authors: MI
authors: Kang
authors: Kang-Moon
authors: KM
authors: Lee
authors: Jin Il
authors: JI
authors: Kim
authors: Byung-Wook
authors: BW
authors: Kim
authors: Dong-Soo
authors: DS
authors: Lee
authors: Sung-Soo
authors: SS
authors: Kim
authors: Hwang
authors: H
authors: Choi
authors: Sok-Won
authors: SW
authors: Han
authors: Kyu-Yong
authors: KY
authors: Choi
authors: Ho-Young
authors: HY
authors: Son
authors: In-Sik
authors: IS
authors: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003248:Constipation / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014839:Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology