title: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in infants receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: a call for universal perinatal rapid HIV testing prior to administration of BCG immunization of neonates.
abstract: The evidence behind the World Health Organization guidelines that BCG vaccination should not be used in HIV-infected children is compelling. We report three cases of severe BCG-associated immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV-infected infants and describe measures available in developing countries that prevent inadvertent BCG immunization in these infants.
authors: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Koppel
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Leonardo-Guerrero
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Rives
authors: Noemí
authors: N
authors: Paniagua-Torres
authors: Celine
authors: C
authors: Sparrow
authors: Consuelo M
authors: CM
authors: Beck-Sagué
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007114:Immunization; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine