title: Pancreatitis-associated chymotrypsinogen C (CTRC) mutant elicits endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic acinar cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the pancreas characterised by permanent destruction of acinar cells. Mutations in the chymotrypsinogen C (CTRC) gene have been linked to the development of chronic pancreatitis. The aim of the present study was to explore whether CTRC mutants induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in pancreatic acinar cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dexamethasone-differentiated AR42J rat acinar cells and freshly isolated mouse acini were transfected with recombinant adenovirus carrying wild-type CTRC or the p.A73T pancreatitis-associated mutant. ER stress markers were assessed by reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting. Apoptosis was characterised by caspase-3/7 activity and the TUNEL assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acinar cells transfected with the p.A73T mutant, but not those with wild-type CTRC, developed significant ER stress as judged by elevated mRNA and protein levels of the ER chaperone immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP), increased splicing of the X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) mRNA and marked induction of the transcription factor C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), a mediator of ER stress-associated apoptosis. Consistent with higher CHOP expression, AR42J cells expressing the p.A73T mutant became detached over time and showed considerably increased caspase-3/7 activity and TUNEL staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreatitis-associated CTRC mutations can markedly increase the propensity of chymotrypsinogen C to elicit ER stress in pancreatic acinar cells. Thus, carriers of CTRC mutations may be at a higher risk of developing ER stress in the exocrine pancreas, which may contribute to parenchymal damage through acinar cell apoptosis.
authors: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors: Richárd
authors: R
authors: Szmola
authors: Miklós
authors: M
authors: Sahin-Tóth
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D046790:Pancreas, Exocrine / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002918:Chymotrypsin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase; C117569:chymotrypsin C