title: Risk factors for idiopathic intracranial hypertension in men: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study. A 96-item telephone questionnaire, answered retrospectively, with cases recalling at the age of their diagnosis and controls recalling at the age of their corresponding case's diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient clinics in two US tertiary care centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The characteristics of 24 men with IIH were compared to those of 48 controls matched for sex, age, race, and World Health Organization body mass index (BMI) category.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two previously validated questionnaires: the ADAM (Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males) questionnaire for testosterone deficiency and the Berlin questionnaire for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), embedded within the telephone questionnaire. Analysis with Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios and mixed-effects logistic regression models accounted for matching.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases and controls had similar enrollment matching characteristics. Although matching was successful by BMI category, there was a small difference between BMI values of cases and controls (cases: median 31.7, controls: median 29.9; p=0.03). After adjustment by BMI value, men with IIH were significantly more likely than controls to have a positive ADAM questionnaire for testosterone deficiency (OR: 17.4, 95% CI: 5.6-54.5; p<0.001) and significantly more likely to have either a positive Berlin questionnaire for OSA or history of diagnosed OSA (OR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.5-12.9; p=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with IIH are more likely than controls to have symptoms associated with testosterone deficiency and OSA. These associations suggest a possible role for sex hormones and OSA in the pathogenesis of IIH in men.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. jfrase2@emory.edu
authors: J Alexander
authors: JA
authors: Fraser
authors: Beau B
authors: BB
authors: Bruce
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Rucker
authors: Lisa-Ann
authors: LA
authors: Fraser
authors: Edward J
authors: EJ
authors: Atkins
authors: Nancy J
authors: NJ
authors: Newman
authors: Valérie
authors: V
authors: Biousse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011559:Pseudotumor Cerebri / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013739:Testosterone / Q000172:deficiency*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone