title: Role of soluble guanylyl cyclase-cyclic GMP signaling in tumor cell proliferation.
abstract: Our previous studies demonstrate a differential expression of nitric oxide (NO) signaling components in ES cells and our recent study demonstrated an enhanced differentiation of ES cells into myocardial cells with NO donors and soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activators. Since NO-cGMP pathway exhibits a diverse role in cancer, we were interested in evaluating the role of the NO-receptor sGC and other components of the pathway in regulation of the tumor cell proliferation. Our results demonstrate a differential expression of the sGC subunits, NOS-1 and PKG mRNA and protein levels in various human cancer models. In contrast to sGC alpha(1), robust levels of sGC beta(1) were observed in OVCAR-3 (ovarian) and MDA-MB-468 (breast) cancer cells which correlated well with the sGC activity and a marked increase in cGMP levels upon exposure to the combination of a NO donor and a sGC activator. NOC-18 (DETA NONOate; NO donor), BAY41-2272 (3-(4-amino-5-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine); sGC activator), NOC-18+BAY41-2272, IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; phosphodiesterase inhibitor) and 8-bromo-cGMP (cGMP analog) caused growth inhibition and apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in growth inhibition, we evaluated the effect of activators/inhibitors on ERK phosphorylation. Our studies indicate that BAY41-2272 or the combination NOC-18+BAY41-2272 caused inhibition of the basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation in OVCAR-3 (high sGC activity), SK-OV-3 and SK-Br-3 (low sGC activity) cell lines and in some cases the inhibition was rescued by the sGC inhibitor ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one). These studies suggest that the effects of activators/inhibitors of NO-sGC-cGMP in tumor cell proliferation is mediated by both cGMP-dependent and independent mechanisms.
authors: Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Kalpana.Mujoo@uth.tmc.edu <Kalpana.Mujoo@uth.tmc.edu>
authors: Kalpana
authors: K
authors: Mujoo
authors: Vladislav G
authors: VG
authors: Sharin
authors: Emil
authors: E
authors: Martin
authors: Byung-Kwon
authors: BK
authors: Choi
authors: Courtney
authors: C
authors: Sloan
authors: Lubov E
authors: LE
authors: Nikonoff
authors: Alexander Y
authors: AY
authors: Kots
authors: Ferid
authors: F
authors: Murad
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: C423582:3-(4-Amino-5-cyclopropylpyrimidine-2-yl)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-b)pyridine; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C093285:NOC 18; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; C016276:8-bromocyclic GMP; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine