title: Fall prevention among apprentice carpenters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Falls from heights are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the construction industry, especially among inexperienced workers. We surveyed apprentice carpenters to identify individual and organizational factors associated with falls from heights.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a 72-item survey on fall prevention with multiple domains including fall experience, fall-prevention knowledge, risk perceptions, confidence in ability to prevent falls, training experience, and perceptions of the safety climate and crew safety behaviors. We administered the questionnaire to apprentice carpenters in this cross-sectional study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1025 respondents, 51% knew someone who had fallen from a height at work and 16% had personally fallen in the past year, with ladders accounting for most of the falls. Despite participation in school-based and on-the-job training, fall-prevention knowledge was poor. Ladders were perceived as low risk and ladder training was rare. Apprentices reported high levels of unsafe, fall-related behaviors on their work crews. Apprentices in residential construction were more likely to fall than those in commercial construction, as were apprentices working on crews with fewer senior carpenters to provide mentorship, and those reporting more unsafe behaviors among fellow workers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite participation in a formal apprenticeship program, many apprentices work at heights without adequate preparation and subsequently experience falls. Apprenticeship programs can improve the timing and content of fall-prevention training. This study suggests that organizational changes in building practices, mentorship, and safety practices are also necessary to decrease worker falls from heights.
authors: Washington University School of Medicine, Program in Occupational Therapy, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA. kaskutasv@wustl.edu
authors: Vicki
authors: V
authors: Kaskutas
authors: Ann Marie
authors: AM
authors: Dale
authors: Hester
authors: H
authors: Lipscomb
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Gaal
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Fuchs
authors: Bradley
authors: B
authors: Evanoff
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005160:Facility Design and Construction / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D000078329:Workforce; D055815:Young Adult