title: Mannequin or standardized patient: participants' assessment of two training modalities in trauma team simulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trauma team training using simulation has become an educational compensation for a low number of severe trauma patients in 49 of Norway's 50 trauma hospitals for the last 12 years. The hospitals' own simple mannequins have been employed, to enable training without being dependent on expensive and advanced simulators. We wanted to assess the participants' assessment of using a standardized patient instead of a mannequin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trauma teams in five hospitals were randomly exposed to a mannequin or a standardized patient in two consecutive simulations for each team. In each hospital two teams were trained, with opposite order of simulation modality. Anonymous, written questionnaires were answered by the participants immediately after each simulation. The teams were interviewed as a focus group after the last simulation, reflecting on the difference between the two simulation modalities. Outcome measures were the participants' assessment of their own perceived educational outcome and comparison of the models, in addition to analysis of the interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants' assessed their educational outcome to be high, and unrelated to the order of appearance of patient model. There were no differences in assessment of realism and feeling of embarrassment. Focus groups revealed that the participants felt that the choice between educational modalities should be determined by the simulated case, with high interaction between team and patient being enhanced by a standardized patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants' assessment of the outcome of team training seems independent of the simulation modality when the educational goal is training communication, co-operation and leadership within the team.
authors: The BEST Foundation: Better & Systematic Trauma Care, Hammerfest Hospital, Department of Acute Care, Hammerfest, Norway. twi@barentsnett.no
authors: Torben
authors: T
authors: Wisborg
authors: Guttorm
authors: G
authors: Brattebø
authors: Ase
authors: A
authors: Brinchmann-Hansen
authors: Kari Schrøder
authors: KS
authors: Hansen
mesh_terms: D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000379:methods*; D008348:Manikins; D009664:Norway; D010348:Patient Care Team; D016544:Patient Simulation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*