title: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and cognitive performance and decline in elderly men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are associated with a greater likelihood of cognitive impairment and risk of cognitive decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured 25(OH)D and assessed cognitive function using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and Trail Making Test Part B (Trails B) in a cohort of 1,604 men enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study and followed them for an average of 4.6 years for changes in cognitive function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a model adjusted for age, season, and site, men with lower 25(OH)D levels seemed to have a higher odds of cognitive impairment, but the test for trend did not reach significance (impairment by 3MS: odds ratio [OR] 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81-4.19 for quartile [Q] 1; 1.41, 0.61-3.28 for Q2; and 1.18, 0.50-2.81 for Q3, compared with Q4 [referent group; p trend = 0.12]; and impairment by Trails B: OR 1.66, 95% CI 0.98-2.82 for Q1; 0.96, 0.54-1.69 for Q2; and 1.30, 0.76-2.22 for Q3, compared with Q4 [p trend = 0.12]). Adjustment for age and education further attenuated the relationships. There was a trend for an independent association between lower 25(OH)D levels and odds of cognitive decline by 3MS performance (multivariable OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.89-2.23 for Q1; 1.28, 0.84-1.95 for Q2; and 1.06, 0.70-1.62 for Q3, compared with Q4 [p = 0.10]), but no association with cognitive decline by Trails B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found little evidence of independent associations between lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and baseline global and executive cognitive function or incident cognitive decline.
authors: One Veterans Dr. (111J), Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA. slini001@umn.edu
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Slinin
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Paudel
authors: B C
authors: BC
authors: Taylor
authors: H A
authors: HA
authors: Fink
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ishani
authors: M T
authors: MT
authors: Canales
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Yaffe
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Barrett-Connor
authors: E S
authors: ES
authors: Orwoll
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Shikany
authors: E S
authors: ES
authors: Leblanc
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Cauley
authors: K E
authors: KE
authors: Ensrud
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000503:physiopathology; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D