title: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the analgesic effects of lumiracoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study establishes a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to describe the time course and in vivo mechanisms of action of the antinociceptive effects of lumiracoxib, evaluated by the thermal hyperalgesia test in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Wistar fasted rats were injected s.c. with saline or carrageenan in the right hind paw, followed by either 0, 1, 3, 10 or 30 mg*kg(-1) of oral lumiracoxib at the time of carrageenan injection (experiment I), or 0, 10 or 30 mg*kg(-1) oral lumiracoxib at 4 h after carrageenan injection (experiment II). Antihyperalgesic responses were measured as latency time (LT) to a thermal stimulus. PK/PD modelling of the antinociceptive response was performed using the population approach with NONMEM VI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A two-compartment model described the plasma disposition. A first-order model, including lag time and decreased relative bioavailability as a function of the dose, described the absorption process. The response model was: LT=LT(0)/(1 +MED). LT(0) is the baseline response, and MED represents the level of inflammatory mediators. The time course of MED was assumed to be equivalent to the predicted profile of COX-2 activity and was modelled according to an indirect response model with a time variant synthesis rate. Drug effects were described as a reversible inhibition of the COX-2 activity. The in vivo estimate of the dissociation equilibrium constant of the COX-2-lumiracoxib complex was 0.24 microg*mL(-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The model developed appropriately described the time course of pharmacological responses to lumiracoxib, in terms of its mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics.
authors: Sección Externa de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Vásquez-Bahena
authors: U E
authors: UE
authors: Salazar-Morales
authors: M I
authors: MI
authors: Ortiz
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Castañeda-Hernández
authors: Iñaki F
authors: IF
authors: Trocóniz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002351:Carrageenan; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D004008:Diclofenac; D002351:Carrageenan; C473384:lumiracoxib