title: Influence of temperature and heating time on bromination of zinc oxide during thermal treatment with tetrabromobisphenol A.
abstract: Our prior research indicates that hydrogen bromide (HBr) evolved during thermal decomposition of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) can be utilized as a reagent for selective bromination and evaporation of zinc oxide. The present work investigated dependency of the bromination reaction on time at selected temperatures using a laboratory-scale furnace. The formed solid, condensed, and gaseous products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis, electron probe microanalysis, inductively coupled plasma analysis, ion chromatography, and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Results indicate that the bromination rate is strongly dependent on heating time. This dependency is a direct consequence of progress in the decomposition of TBBPA, which provides inorganic bromine suitable for the reaction. The bromination rate increases with time until the bromine source is depleted. The process is shorter at higher applied temperatures and appears instantaneous at 310 degrees C and above. However, the maximum bromination yield is independent of the applied conditions and ranges from 64 to 70%. Additionally, the influence of oxidizing conditions on the bromination reaction and the effect of ZnO on decomposition of TBBPA were investigated in this study.
authors: Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan. mariusz@mail.tagen.tohoku.ac.jp
authors: Mariusz
authors: M
authors: Grabda
authors: Sylwia
authors: S
authors: Oleszek-Kudlak
authors: Etsuro
authors: E
authors: Shibata
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D001966:Bromine / Q000737:chemistry; D054879:Halogenation; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C020806:tetrabromobisphenol A; D001966:Bromine; D015034:Zinc Oxide