Progression of renal dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease.
It has been established that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer from frequent cardiovascular events. On the other hand, recent studies suggest that renal damage tends to worsen in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although the mechanisms for the cardiorenal association are unclear, the presence of arteriosclerotic risk factors common to both CVD and CKD is important. In arteriosclerosis, vascular derangement progresses not only in the heart but also in the kidney. In addition, heart failure, cardiac catheterization and hesitation of medical treatments due to renal dysfunction may explain the progression of renal damage. Therefore, the goal of treatments is a total control of arteriosclerotic risk factors. Medication should be selected among agents with protective effects on both heart and kidney. It is important to always consider the presence of CKD for the treatment of the cardiovascular disease and strictly control the risk factors.
Hirata
Yasunobu
Y
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
Kiyosue
Arihiro
A
Takahashi
Masao
M
Satonaka
Hiroshi
H
Nagata
Daisuke
D
Sata
Masataka
M
Suzuki
Etsu
E
Nagai
Ryozo
R