title: CC-chemokine ligand 18/pulmonary activation-regulated chemokine expression in the CNS with special reference to traumatic brain injuries and neoplastic disorders.
abstract: Pulmonary activation-regulated chemokine (PARC) now designated CC-chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) has been shown to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of various tissue injuries and diseases in a proinflammatory or immune suppressive way to limit or support the inflammation or disease. While much is known about the roles of CCL18/PARC in non-neural tissues, its expression in the CNS has remained largely unexplored and controversial. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and double immunohistochemical staining, we analyzed the expression of CCL18/PARC in the human brain with special reference to traumatic brain injuries and tumors. The RT-PCR analysis revealed the expression of CCL18/PARC mRNA both in the traumatic brain and glioma tissues examined. Immunoexpression of CCL18/PARC protein was consistently detected in all cases of traumatic brain injuries examined by immunohistochemical staining. Double immunofluorescence labeling has extended the study that CCL18/PARC positive cells were macrophages/microglia, astrocytes or neurons. The CCL18/PARC expression was localized in macrophage-like cells in two of eight glioblastoma tissues whose cancer cells were CCL18/PARC negative. Unexpectedly, CCL18/PARC mRNA weakly and constitutively expressed by glioblastoma cell line was upregulated after endotoxin stimulation. The present results indicated a significant production of CCL18/PARC in different CNS traumatic and neoplasm tissues by specific cellular elements expressing the chemokine. An anti-inflammatory mechanism jointly exerted by these cells via CCL18/PARC may be involved in the CNS immunity after traumatic injury and tumorigenesis.
authors: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: C-Y
authors: CY
authors: Chang
authors: Y-H
authors: YH
authors: Lee
authors: S-J
authors: SJ
authors: Leu
authors: C-Y
authors: CY
authors: Wang
authors: C-P
authors: CP
authors: Wei
authors: K-S
authors: KS
authors: Hung
authors: M-H
authors: MH
authors: Pai
authors: M-D
authors: MD
authors: Tsai
authors: C-H
authors: CH
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000378:metabolism*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; C111792:CCL18 protein, human; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D004731:Endotoxins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003907:Dexamethasone