Symptoms at menopause and care of grandchildren.
OBJECTIVE
To study the possible interaction of care of grandchildren with women's symptoms at postmenopause.


METHODS
A cross-sectional, community-based study was carried out recruiting a total of 386 postmenopausal women at public places in the city of León, Mexico. For each woman, we collected data about their interaction with children and grandchildren, and scores of physical and emotional symptoms frequently found at menopause. Levels of follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol in serum were measured.


RESULTS
Women who met their children more frequently had decreased sexual interest. Women without children or grandchildren had lower scores on the empty nest syndrome (ENS) and non-specific symptoms of depression (NSSD). The care of grandchildren was associated with loss of sexual interest, depression, NSSD and ENS. Age was inversely associated with hot flushes and anxiety. Schooling was strongly associated with lower scores for hot flushes, depression, anxiety and ENS.


CONCLUSIONS
Among other factors associated with symptoms at postmenopause, such as hormone conditions, age and schooling, maternal investment in children and grandchildren may impose a physical and emotional cost that favors the onset of symptoms at postmenopause.
García-Campos
R
R
Department of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Guanajuato, 20 de Enero 929 León, Mexico.
Aguilar-Zavala
H
H
Malacara
J M
JM
D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016901:Intergenerational Relations; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
D004958:Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone