title: Pharmacokinetic-interaction of Vitex negundo Linn. & paracetamol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, herbal preparations are clinically used as functional food, food supplements or as add on therapy, which affects the bioavailability and also the net therapeutic potential of co-administered allopathic drugs. Therefore, it is important to assess the interaction among these two classes of drugs. Here we studied the interaction between orally-administered ethanolic extract of leaves of Vitex negundo Linn. (Verbenaceae) (VN extract) and paracetamol in albino rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Solvent free dried extract of VN leaves was orally given to experimental rats in different doses (62.5-1000 mg/kg/b.wt.), daily for six consecutive days. On days 3 and 6, paracetamol (100 mg/kg/b.wt.) was orally administered to these extract treated rats and control rats (drug vector). At various time intervals (5 min-120 min), blood was collected from each animal and paracetamol concentration was determined in plasma by using HPLC with UV detector at 249 nm. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non compartmental model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant decline in plasma concentration of paracetamol with time-gap was recorded with the increasing dose of VN extract, without affecting its T(max) (maximum time to achieve peak plasma concentration). There was a significant decrease in the extent of absorption and decline in intensity of therapeutic response (as evidenced by reduced AUC value and decline in C(max)). Further, compared to control, the relative bioavailability of paracetamol, in presence of VN extract, decreased significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VN extract or its ayurvedic formulation if co-administered with allopathic drug like paracetamol, the dose of allopathic drug needs to be adjusted in order to achieve desired therapeutic response of paracetamol.
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. yaminiok@yahoo.com
authors: Yamini Bhusan
authors: YB
authors: Tripathi
authors: Om Prakash
authors: OP
authors: Tiwari
authors: Santosh
authors: S
authors: Nagwani
authors: Brahmeshwar
authors: B
authors: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004347:Drug Interactions; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D020950:Vitex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D010936:Plant Extracts; D028321:Plant Preparations; D000082:Acetaminophen; D000431:Ethanol