title: Cyclical estrogen and free radical damage to the rabbit urinary bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are a number of lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTD) that occur primarily in women. Our hypothesis is that cyclical estrogen will produce LUTD in part by the generation of free radicals and oxidative damage to cellular and subcellular membranes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty female rabbits were divided into five groups: control, ovariectomized (Ovx), Ovx receiving continuous estrogen, Ovx receiving cyclical estrogen ending off estrogen, and Ovx receiving cyclical estrogen ending on estrogen. Statistical analyses used ANOVA followed by the Tukey analysis for individual differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High estrogen increased bladder mass, contraction, compliance, and blood flow and decreased oxidative damage. Low estrogen decreased bladder mass, contraction, compliance, and blood flow and increased oxidative damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decreased blood flow associated with increased oxidative damage demonstrates that cyclical damage to cellular membranes occurs. This supports the hypothesis that cycling estrogen may play a role in the etiology of LUTD of women.
authors: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Rehfuss
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Schuler
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Maxemous
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Leggett
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Levin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004140:Dinitrophenols / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011817:Rabbits; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004140:Dinitrophenols; D004967:Estrogens; D005609:Free Radicals; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine