title: Rituximab inhibits B-cell receptor signaling.
abstract: Rituximab (RTX), a monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 protein, is a drug commonly used in the treatment of B-cell-derived lymphoid neoplasias and of antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. In addition to cell- and complement-mediated B-cell depletion, RTX is thought to inhibit B-cell survival and proliferation through negative regulation of canonical signaling pathways involving Akt, ERK, and mammalian target of rapamycin. However, surprisingly, although B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling has been considered critical for normal and more recently, for neoplastic B cells, the hypothesis that RTX could target BCR has never been investigated. Using follicular lymphoma cell lines as models, as well as normal B cells, we show here, for the first time, that pretreatment with RTX results in a time-dependent inhibition of the BCR-signaling cascade involving Lyn, Syk, PLC gamma 2, Akt, and ERK, and calcium mobilization. The inhibitory effect of RTX correlates with decrease of raft-associated cholesterol, complete inhibition of BCR relocalization into lipid raft microdomains, and down-regulation of BCR immunoglobulin expression. Thus, RTX-mediated alteration of BCR expression, dynamics, and signaling might contribute to the immunosuppressive activity of the drug.
authors: Inserm, U563, Toulouse, France.
authors: Samar
authors: S
authors: Kheirallah
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Caron
authors: Emilie
authors: E
authors: Gross
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Quillet-Mary
authors: Justine
authors: J
authors: Bertrand-Michel
authors: Jean-Jacques
authors: JJ
authors: Fournié
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Laurent
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Bezombes
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069283:Rituximab; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D013997:Time Factors; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D000069283:Rituximab; D002784:Cholesterol; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C000606896:SYK protein, human; D000072377:Syk Kinase; C060902:lyn protein-tyrosine kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; C509249:PTPN6 protein, human; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma; D002118:Calcium