Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in infants receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: a call for universal perinatal rapid HIV testing prior to administration of BCG immunization of neonates.
The evidence behind the World Health Organization guidelines that BCG vaccination should not be used in HIV-infected children is compelling. We report three cases of severe BCG-associated immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV-infected infants and describe measures available in developing countries that prevent inadvertent BCG immunization in these infants.
Koppel
Alexander
A
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA.
Leonardo-Guerrero
Jose
J
Rives
Sarah
S
Paniagua-Torres
Noemí
N
Sparrow
Celine
C
Beck-Sagué
Consuelo M
CM
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007114:Immunization; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014944:World Health Organization
D001500:BCG Vaccine