title: Prospective evaluation with standardised criteria for postoperative complications after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Very few studies have evaluated the risk of complications following robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP), and all were flawed by several methodological biases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of early complications and risk factors following RARP, reporting complications in agreement with the standardised Martin criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 415 patients who underwent surgery for clinically localised prostate cancer from April 2005 to April 2009 at a single tertiary academic centre were prospectively studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  RARP was performed by two surgeons with the same technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complications were collected and reported according to the standardised Martin criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One hundred and two complications were observed in 90 patients (21.6%), with bleeding (5.3%), lymphorrhoea (4.3%), and pelvic haematoma (2.4%) the most common ones. According to the modified Clavien system, 41 patients (10%) had grade 1, 37 (9%) had grade 2, 11 (3%) had grade 3, and 1 (0.2%) had grade 4 complications. On multivariable analysis, prostate volume (odds ratio: 0.985; p<0.001) and the number of cases performed (p<0.001) were independent predictors of the occurrence of any grade complications. Considering grade 3 to 4 complications, only the number of cases performed by the surgeons was significantly associated with major complications in a univariable analysis (p<0.001). The major limitation of the study is represented by the relatively small number of patients and events included in the analysis, resulting in the study being underpowered to identify some factors predicting any or high-grade complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Applying standardised criteria to collect and report complications, we identified early complications in about 22% of our patients undergoing RARP. Although most of the patients experienced minor complications, 3% of them did experience grade 3 or 4 complications. Prostate volume and number of RARP performed by the surgeons were independent predictors of the occurrence of complications.
authors: Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors: Giacomo
authors: G
authors: Novara
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Ficarra
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: D'Elia
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Secco
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Cavalleri
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Artibani
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008499:Medical Records / Q000592:standards; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012371:Robotics; D013997:Time Factors