Shock wave therapy effectively attenuates inflammation in rat carotid artery following endothelial denudation by balloon catheter.
BACKGROUND
This study investigates the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave (ECSW) in ameliorating inflammatory mediator expression and neointimal formation in a rat model of vascular injury.


RESULTS
Male Sprague-Dawley rats with left carotid artery (LCA) injury induced by balloon dilatation (BD; group 1) were compared with group 2 [LCA injury plus ECSW-181 (defined as 181 total shocks given in LCA at 0.011 mJ/mm(2)) on day 2 post-LCA injury], and group 3 (normal controls). The rats in each group were further divided into 3 subgroups (n = 6, each) that were sacrificed on postoperative day 3, 7 and 14, respectively. The results demonstrated that, compared to groups 2 and 3, group 1 had significantly increased cellular expression of CD40, interleukin-18, and connexin 43 at each analyzed time point (all p < 0.001). Additionally, LCCA macrophage (CD68) recruitment was substantially increased in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3 (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, LCA neointimal proliferation and media thickness were markedly higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 on days 7 and 14 post-BD (all p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
ECSW markedly attenuates inflammatory responses, proliferation of neointima and smooth muscle cells in a rat vascular injury model.
Shao
Pei-Lin
PL
Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
Chiu
Chaw-Chi
CC
Yuen
Chun-Man
CM
Chua
Sarah
S
Chang
Li-Teh
LT
Sheu
Jiunn-Jye
JJ
Sun
Cheuk-Kwan
CK
Wu
Chiung-Jen
CJ
Wang
Ching-Jen
CJ
Yip
Hon-Kan
HK
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000502:physiology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
D019013:CD40 Antigens; D018031:Connexin 43; D020382:Interleukin-18; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III