title: Effects of lidocaine hydrochloride on canine granulocytes, granulocyte CD11b expression and reactive oxygen species production.
abstract: Lidocaine hydrochloride (Lido) is widely used for analgesia in veterinary medicine; however, in humans, it has been suggested that Lido attenuates granulocyte functions, such as adhesion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Thus, Lido may affect canine granulocyte function; however, there have been no reports on the effects of Lido on canine granulocyte function. Thus, we studied the effects of Lido on canine granulocyte CD11b expression and ROS production. We further studied the effects of Lido on the priming of canine granulocyte CD11b expression and ROS production by recombinant canine granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rcGM-CSF). Isolated granulocytes were incubated with 3, 30 or 300 microg/ml Lido, or with Lido followed by priming with 5 ng/ml rcGM-CSF. CD11b was detected by the immune fluorescent antibody method, and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was assayed by flow cytometry. ROS production was assessed by the peak time (PT) of ROS production and area under the luminol reaction curve (AUC), which represents total ROS production quantity against opsonized zymosan stimuli. Only 300 microg/ml Lido (tissue level observed by regional block) significantly attenuated both the MFI of CD11b and its enhancement by rcGM-CSF. Moreover, at this concentration, the AUC and its enhancement by rcGM-CSF were significantly attenuated by Lido; in contrast, Lido did not affect PT. In conclusion, Lido suppressed granulocyte adhesion to the endothelium and antiseptic capability by suppressing CD11b expression and/or ROS production. Particular care should thus be exercised when performing regional anesthesia block using Lido.
authors: School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Maeda
authors: Iwao
authors: I
authors: Sakonju
authors: Azusa
authors: A
authors: Kumakura
authors: Zenko
authors: Z
authors: Tomizawa
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Kakuta
authors: Shunsuke
authors: S
authors: Shimamura
authors: Shozo
authors: S
authors: Okano
authors: Katsuaki
authors: K
authors: Takase
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D015054:Zymosan / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D039481:CD11b Antigen; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015054:Zymosan; D008012:Lidocaine