title: Improving lifestyle and risk perception through patient involvement in nurse-led cardiovascular risk management: a cluster-randomized controlled trial in primary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if lifestyle improved at a short term through an intervention to involve patients in cardiovascular risk management by the practice nurse.
  
  
  METHODS
  The IMPALA study (2006, the Netherlands) was a cluster-randomised controlled trial involving 25 general practices and 615 patients who were eligible for cardiovascular risk management. The intervention consisted of (1) individual 10-year cardiovascular risk assessment, (2) risk communication, (3) use of a decision aid and (4) adapted motivational interviewing, applied by practice nurses in two consultations. Outcomes were smoking, alcohol, diet, physical activity and the secondary outcomes risk perception, anxiety, confidence about the decision and satisfaction with the communication, measured at baseline and after 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients of both groups improved their lifestyle, but no relevant significant differences between the groups were found. Intervention group patients improved in terms of the appropriateness of risk perception, although not significantly. Intervention group patients improved significantly in terms of appropriateness of anxiety and were more satisfied with the communication compared to control group patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention seems to have improved the patients' risk perception, anxiety and satisfaction with the communication, which are important conditions for shared decision making. However, we found no additional effect of the intervention on lifestyle.
authors: Maastricht University, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Department of General Practice, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. M.Koelewijn@HAG.unimaas.nl
authors: Marije S
authors: MS
authors: Koelewijn-van Loon
authors: Trudy
authors: T
authors: van der Weijden
authors: Gaby
authors: G
authors: Ronda
authors: Ben
authors: B
authors: van Steenkiste
authors: Bjorn
authors: B
authors: Winkens
authors: Glyn
authors: G
authors: Elwyn
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Grol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D010358:Patient Participation; D011320:Primary Health Care; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior