title: 3-D microfabricated electrodes for targeted deep brain stimulation.
abstract: This work presents a novel 4-sided, 16-channel deep brain stimulation electrode with a custom flexible high-density lead for connectivity with pulse generation electronics. The 3-dimensional electrode enables steering the current field circumferentially. The electrode is fabricated in pieces by micromachining and microfabrication techniques; the pieces are then assembled mechanically to form the electrode, after which the lead is connected. The electrode is modeled by finite element analysis and tested in vitro to validate the design concept, i.e., targeted stimulation. Simulation and experimental results for a targeted stimulation show close agreement. With a symmetric bipolar stimulation configuration, within a 3 mm radius, the electric potential in front of the activated side is at least 3.6 times larger than that on the corresponding two adjacent, not-activated sides, and 9 times larger than the corresponding opposite, not-activated side.
authors: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. nxl30@case.edu
authors: Noppasit
authors: N
authors: Laotaveerungrueng
authors: Chia-Hua
authors: CH
authors: Lin
authors: Grant
authors: G
authors: McCallum
authors: Srihari
authors: S
authors: Rajgopal
authors: Charles P
authors: CP
authors: Steiner
authors: Ali R
authors: AR
authors: Rezai
authors: Mehran
authors: M
authors: Mehregany
mesh_terms: D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008904:Miniaturization; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity