title: Oppositional defiant behavior toward adults and oppositional defiant behavior toward other children: evidence for two separate constructs with mothers' and fathers' ratings of Brazilian children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine if oppositional defiant behavior (ODB) toward adults and oppositional defiant behavior toward other children were constructs distinct from each other as well as from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD-HI), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention (ADHD-IN), and academic competence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers and fathers rated the occurrence of the DSM-IV oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms where the target was an adult (e.g., argues with adults) and the ODD symptoms where the target was another child (brothers, sisters, or peers) (e.g., argues with other children) along with ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, and academic competence in a sample of 894 Brazilian children on the Portuguese version of the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory (CADBI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ODB-Adults' and ODB-Children's factors showed invariance (i.e., equality of like item loadings, intercepts, residuals; as well as like factor variances, covariances, and means), convergent validity, and discriminant validity from each other as well as from ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, and academic competence between mothers' and fathers' ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the Portuguese parent version of the CADBI, the evidence indicated that ODB-Adults and ODB-Children represent two constructs rather than one. The distinction between ODB-Adults and ODB-Children allows for a more specific study of the development of ODB in children.
authors: Centro Médico Integrado do Hospital dos Fornecedores de Cana de Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Marcela Alves
authors: MA
authors: de Moura
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Leonard Burns
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D015588:Observer Variation