Cognitive functioning in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and affective psychoses: meta-analytic study.
BACKGROUND
Cognitive functioning in affective psychosis and schizoaffective disorder is much less studied compared with schizophrenia.


OBJECTIVE
To quantitatively undertake a meta-analysis of the available data that directly compares cognitive functioning across schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and affective psychosis.


METHODS
Following a thorough literature review, 31 studies that compared the performances of people with schizophrenia (1979 participants) with that of those with affective psychosis or schizoaffective disorder (1314 participants) were included. To determine the effect of demographic and clinical confounders, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted.


RESULTS
In 6 of 12 cognitive domains, people with schizophrenia performed worse than people with schizoaffective disorder or affective psychosis. However, the between-group differences were small and the distribution of effect sizes showed substantial heterogeneity. The between-group differences were driven by a higher percentage of males, more severe negative symptoms and younger age at onset of illness in the schizophrenia samples.


CONCLUSIONS
Neuropsychological data do not provide evidence for categorical differences between schizophrenia and other groups. However, a subgroup of individuals with schizophrenia who have more severe negative symptoms may be cognitively more impaired than those with affective psychosis/schizoaffective disorder.
Bora
Emre
E
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Alan Gilbert Building, National Neuroscience Facility, Level 3, Victoria 3053, Australia. emrebora@hotmail.com
Yucel
Murat
M
Pantelis
Christos
C
D000341:Affective Disorders, Psychotic / Q000523:psychology*; D017668:Age of Onset; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology