Biomimetic approaches to modulating the T cell immune response with nano- and micro- particles.
Modulating immune responses to pathogen invasion and even tumors is a major goal in immunotherapy. T cells play a central role in these responses. Progress towards that goal is accomplished by stimulating the antigen-specific T cell immune response in vivo through active immunization, or by re-transfer of large numbers of T cells expanded outside the body in a process called adoptive immunotherapy. In both vaccination and adoptive cellular therapy, there is a critical need for a reliable and effective antigen-presentation strategy that stimulates T cells in a specific and efficient manner. Biodegradable nanoparticles can be engineered with bacterial lipopolysaccharides coating thus priming dendritic cells for improved immunization. Alternatively, micron-sized particles can be made to approximate the natural ability of dendritic cells in stimulating T cells by surface modification with the appropriate T cell antigens. Here we show how both of these approaches can be employed to produce safe and effective vaccine and cellular therapeutics.
Demento
Stacey
S
Dept. of Biomedical Engineering at Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Stacey.Demento@Yale.edu
Steenblock
Erin R
ER
Fahmy
Tarek M
TM
D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D040761:Biomimetic Materials; D002214:Capsules; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D053769:Nanocapsules; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000276:immunology
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002214:Capsules; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D053769:Nanocapsules; D010047:Ovalbumin