title: Advanced imaging techniques in brain tumors.
abstract: Perfusion, permeability and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are now widely used in the research and clinical settings. In the clinical setting, qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative approaches such as review of color-coded maps to region of interest analysis and analysis of signal intensity curves are being applied in practice. There are several pitfalls with all of these approaches. Some of these shortcomings are reviewed, such as the relative low sensitivity of metabolite ratios from MRS and the effect of leakage on the appearance of color-coded maps from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging and what correction and normalization methods can be applied. Combining and applying these different imaging techniques in a multi-parametric algorithmic fashion in the clinical setting can be shown to increase diagnostic specificity and confidence.
authors: USC Medical Center and LA County Hospitals, Keck School of Medicine, 1500 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. meng.law@usc.edu
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Law
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis; D003626:Data Display; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D010477:Perfusion; D016634:Radiosurgery; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D003287:Contrast Media; D003404:Creatinine; D002794:Choline