Metabolic syndrome and the risk of vascular dementia: the Italian Longitudinal Study on Ageing.
OBJECTIVE
The authors investigated the relationship of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components with incident dementia in a prospective population-based study with a 3.5-year follow-up.


METHODS
A total of 2097 participants from a sample of 5632 subjects (65-84 years old) from the Italian Longitudinal Study on Ageing were evaluated. MetS was defined according to the Third Adults Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) were classified using current published criteria.


RESULTS
MetS subjects (N=918) compared with those without MetS (N=1179) had an increased risk for VaD (1.63% vs 0.85%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 3.71, 95% CI 1.40 to 9.83). After excluding 338 subjects with baseline undernutrition, MetS subjects compared with those without MetS had an elevated risk of VaD (adjusted HR, 3.82; 95% CI 1.32 to 11.06). Moreover, those with MetS and high inflammation had a still further higher risk of VaD (multivariate adjusted HR, 9.55; 95% CI 1.17 to 78.17) compared with those without MetS and high inflammation. On the other hand, those with MetS and low inflammation compared with those without MetS and low inflammation did not exhibit a significant increased risk of VaD (adjusted HR, 3.31, 95% CI 0.91 to 12.14). Finally, a synergistic MetS effect versus its individual component effects was verified on the risk of VaD.


CONCLUSIONS
In our population, MetS subjects had an elevated risk of VaD that increased after excluding patients with baseline undernutrition and selecting MetS subjects with high inflammation.
Solfrizzi
Vincenzo
V
Department of Geriatrics, Center for Ageing Brain, Memory Unit, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11-70124 Bari, Italy. v.solfrizzi@geriatria.uniba.it
Scafato
Emanuele
E
Capurso
Cristiano
C
D'Introno
Alessia
A
Colacicco
Anna Maria
AM
Frisardi
Vincenza
V
Vendemiale
Gianluigi
G
Baldereschi
Marzia
M
Crepaldi
Gaetano
G
Di Carlo
Antonio
A
Galluzzo
Lucia
L
Gandin
Claudia
C
Inzitari
Domenico
D
Maggi
Stefania
S
Capurso
Antonio
A
Panza
Francesco
F
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors