title: A comparative study of two acoustic measures of hypernasality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to compare 2 quantitative acoustic measures of nasality in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and healthy controls using formalized perceptual assessment as a guide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty participants (23 children with CLP and 27 age- and gender-matched healthy controls) aged between 4 and 12 years produced a variety of high and low vowels that allowed perceptual ratings of nasal resonance severity as well as acoustic analysis of spectral changes. Two objective measures of nasality were used: 1/3 octave spectra analysis and the voice low tone high tone ratio. Each respective technique has been evaluated in previous research, and their potential as an effective means of detecting changes in nasal resonance has been demonstrated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 1/3 octave spectra analysis differentiated between participants with hypernasal speech and those perceived to have normal nasal resonance. Significant differences were also observed between varying levels of perceived severity on vowels within nonnasalized phonemic environments (/pIt/, /tIp/).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perceptual judgment remains the primary means of evaluating levels of nasality in children with CLP. However, the development and validation of easy-to-use objective techniques remains an important goal for effective clinical and empirical practice.
authors: University of Melbourne, Centre for Neuroscience, 7/21 Victoria Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia. avogel@cogstate.com
authors: Adam P
authors: AP
authors: Vogel
authors: Hasherah M
authors: HM
authors: Ibrahim
authors: Sheena
authors: S
authors: Reilly
authors: Nicky
authors: N
authors: Kilpatrick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000175:diagnosis; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013060:Speech; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D014833:Voice Quality