The meaning of being in transition to end-of-life care for female partners of spouses with cancer.
OBJECTIVE
Female partners of cancer patients are at high risk for psychological distress. However, the majority of studies have focused on measurement of female partners' psychological distress during diagnosis and early treatment. There is a gap in the literature with regard to qualitative studies that examine the experiences of female partners of spouses with cancer during the transition to end-of-life care. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the meaning of being in transition to end-of-life care among female partners of spouses with cancer.


METHODS
An interpretive phenomenological approach based on Gadamer's (1960/1975) philosophy was used to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of end-of-life transition. Eight female partners from two in-patient hospices and a community-based palliative care service were interviewed using a semistructured approach.


RESULTS
Three major themes and associated subthemes were identified that outlined female partners' experiences. One major theme, Meaning of Our Lives, included the subthemes Our Relationship, Significance of His Life, and Searching for Understanding. In another theme, Dying with Cancer, partners undertook the Burden of Caring, experienced an Uncertain Path and were Looking for Hope. In the last theme, Glimpses of the Future, participants Faced Tomorrow and confirmed their Capacity to Survive.


CONCLUSIONS
The results centered on three major concepts: meaning making, anticipatory mourning, and hope. Although meaning making has been identified as a fundamental way in which bereaved individuals cope with loss, results of this study suggested that female partners made meaning of their situations before their spouses' deaths. Participants also spontaneously described aspects of anticipatory mourning, thus, validating a concept that has been widely accepted despite limited research. Another finding was that participants shouldered the responsibility of adjusting spouses' hopes in order to help them to cope. Implications for practice and research are drawn from these findings.
Sutherland
Nisha
N
Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. nsutherland@conestogac.on.ca
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D001293:Attitude to Death; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012944:Social Support; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000523:psychology*