title: Antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial isolates in a teaching hospital in goa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emergence of polyantimicrobial resistant strains of hospital pathogens has presented a challenge in the provision of good quality in-patient care. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in the hospital is largely responsible for this catastrophe. Bacteriological surveillance of the cases of nosocomial infections is crucial for framing an evidence-based antimicrobial policy for a hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was undertaken among 498 patients from medicine and surgery wards in a tertiary teaching hospital in Goa. The patients were followed up clinico-bacteriologically for the occurrence of nosocomial infections (NI). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall infection rate was 33.93 +/- 4.16 infections per 100 patients. Urinary tract infection was the most common NI (26.63%), followed by surgical site infection (23.67%), wound infection (23%) and nosocomial pneumonia (18.34%). Ninety-seven percent of the isolates were bacterial, while the others were fungal. More than 80% of the NIs were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Aceinetobacter baumanii. Almost 70% of the isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics for which susceptibility was tested; the rest were sensitive to amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam and other antibiotics including methicillin, co-trimoxazole, teicoplenin, vancomycin and rifampicin, either singly or in combination. The proportion of MRSA was 71.4%. Resistance to a particular antibiotic was found to be directly proportional to the antibiotic usage in the study setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surveillance of nosocomial infections with emphasis on the microbiologic surveillance and frequent antimicrobial audit are critical towards curbing the evil of polyantimicrobial resistant nosocomial infections in a hospital.
authors: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Goa Medical College Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India.
authors: Us
authors: U
authors: Kamat
authors: Ama
authors: A
authors: Ferreira
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Savio
authors: Dd
authors: D
authors: Motghare