title: Daily consumption of milk enriched with fish oil, oleic acid, minerals and vitamins reduces cell adhesion molecules in healthy children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have suggested that polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals have beneficial effects on lipid profile and systemic inflammation in adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined the effects of a daily intake of milk enriched with longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) for 5 months, on several cardiovascular (CVD) risk biomarkers in healthy children aged 8-14 years. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, a total of 107 children of both genders were assigned to two study groups: 1) a supplemented group (SG, n=53) who consumed 0.6 L/day of an enriched dairy product, and 2) a control group (CG, n=54) who consumed 0.6 L/day of standard whole milk. Both groups consumed the dairy drinks for 5 months, in addition to their usual diet. Serum levels of adhesion molecules as indices of vascular endothelial cell activation were assessed in both groups at 0 and 5 months as well as white blood cell counts, lipid profile, serum proteins, total serum calcium, 25-OH vitamin D, glucose, insulin and adiponectin. In the enriched dairy drink supplemented group, adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1 as well as lymphocyte levels decreased while plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and serum calcium concentrations increased. In the control group, serum total protein, transferrin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin concentrations decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consumption of a milk enriched with fish oil, oleic acid, minerals and vitamins reduced indices of endothelial cell activation in the studied group of healthy children.
authors: Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Instituto del Frío, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. jromeo@if.csic.es
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Romeo
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wärnberg
authors: E
authors: E
authors: García-Mármol
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rodríguez-Rodríguez
authors: L E
authors: LE
authors: Diaz
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Gomez-Martínez
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Cueto
authors: E
authors: E
authors: López-Huertas
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Cepero
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Boza
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Fonollá
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Marcos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005395:Fish Oils; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019301:Oleic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol