title: Probable levetiracetam-associated depression in the elderly: two case reports.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Compared with traditional antiepileptic drugs, levetiracetam has a unique mechanism of action and unique properties, including predominant renal excretion and lack of drug-drug interactions. In the elderly, depression associated with levetiracetam has not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 73-year-old black man (height, 172.7 cm; weight, 92.7 kg; body mass index [BMI], 31 kg/m(2)) with stage 4 kidney disease was taking levetiracetam 500 mg BID for partial complex seizures. After 5 months of taking medication, new-onset depression, evidenced by depressed mood, weight loss, fatigue, and appearing withdrawn, was noted in this patient. Levetiracetam was discontinued by order of the patient's primary care physician. At a follow-up appointment 4 weeks later, the depressive symptoms had nearly resolved. The patient's Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score was 6, indicating levetiracetam to be a probable cause of depression in this patient. In a second case, a 92-year-old white woman (height, 154.9 cm; weight, 54.5 kg; BMI, 22.7 kg/m(2)) with existing chronic kidney disease and new-onset partial seizure, likely due to a meningioma, was initiated on levetiracetam 500 mg once daily. Depressive symptoms (eg, anhedonia, hypersomnolence, decreased appetite) were noted within 5 weeks. Cessation led to improvement in mood and cognition within 8 days. Based on this patient's Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score of 6, levetiracetam was a probable cause of depression in this patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levetiracetam was a probable cause of depression in these 2 elderly patients. Cautious use and additional monitoring may be necessary when prescribing levetiracetam to elderly patients, especially when prescribing to those with a history of renal impairment.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA. joseph.vandegriend@ucdenver.edu
authors: Joseph P
authors: JP
authors: Vande Griend
authors: Sunny A
authors: SA
authors: Linnebur
authors: Jacquelyn L
authors: JL
authors: Bainbridge
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D010889:Piracetam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam