title: Characterization of the surface deposition on anodized-hydrothermally treated commercially pure titanium after immersion in simulated body fluid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The interface phenomena between anodized-hydrothermally treated commercially pure titanium (SA-treated c.p.Ti) endosseous implants and biological tissue are important in osseous wound healing. Therefore purpose of this study was to characterize the morphological, structural and chemical features of SA-treated c.p.Ti surfaces after immersion in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Anodic oxide (AO) c.p.Ti and SA-treated c.p.Ti disks were immersed for 14 and 28 days in HBSS (37 degrees C, pH 7.4). These samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalyzer, and ion chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns were similar in each sample before and after HBSS immersion. Scanning electron microscopy performed after 28 days immersion in HBSS revealed deposits completely covering SA-treated c.p.Ti. However, deposits were not observed on AO c.p.Ti after 14 or 28 days immersion. Electron probe microanalyzer results revealed an even distribution of calcium and phosphorus on SA-treated c.p.Ti after 28 days immersion, however there was no change in AO c.p.Ti disks during all immersion periods. Ion chromatography showed increased levels of calcium and phosphorus on SA-treated c.p.Ti disks compared to AO c.p.Ti disks, after 28 days immersion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the deposits formed on SA-treated c.p.Ti surfaces contained calcium phosphate. These deposits may be formed as a consequence of the topography and physicochemical properties of SA-treated c.p.Ti surfaces and may play a key role in osteoconduction during osseous wound healing.
authors: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
authors: Seiichiro
authors: S
authors: Kikuchi
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Takebe
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D015921:Dental Implants; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D014025:Titanium; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D015921:Dental Implants; D010758:Phosphorus; D014025:Titanium; D002118:Calcium