title: Comparison of in vitro erosion potentials between beverages available in the United Kingdom and the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to compare the physiochemical properties and erosion potentials between beverages available in the UK and the US.
  
  
  METHODS
  The physiochemical properties (pH, titratable acidity and fluoride concentration) and erosion potential on enamel surfaces of beverages available in the UK were compared to similar beverages from the US. Enamel windows were exposed to beverages for 25h. Teeth were sectioned through the windows, and lesion depths were defined as the average distance between the original tooth structure and the base of demineralization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pH was lower in UK apple juice, orange juice, Diet Pepsi and Sprite Zero (p<0.05), and higher in UK orange soda and diet orange soda than in similar US beverages (p<0.05). Titratable acidities were higher in UK apple juice, orange juice, orange soda, diet orange soda and Sprite (p<0.01), and lower in UK Sunny D than in the US counterpart (p<0.001). Fluoride concentrations were lower in UK apple juice, orange juice, Coke, and Diet Coke, Sprite and Sprite Zero (p<0.001), and higher in UK orange soda, diet orange soda, Pepsi and Diet Pepsi than in their US counterparts (p<0.001). Lesion depths were higher in UK apple juice, orange juice, Diet Coke, Sprite and Sprite Zero than in their US counterparts (p<0.05). Lesion depths were associated with pH (p=0.010) and country of origin (p=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under similar laboratory conditions, the physiochemical properties and erosion potentials on enamel surfaces differed between some, but not all, beverages available in the UK and the US.
authors: College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Dental Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1010, United States.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Murrell
authors: Teresa A
authors: TA
authors: Marshall
authors: Paula J
authors: PJ
authors: Moynihan
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Qian
authors: James S
authors: JS
authors: Wefel
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000032:analysis; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D032084:Citrus sinensis; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D027845:Malus; D008422:Materials Testing; D017186:Titrimetry; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000209:etiology; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000209:etiology*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005459:Fluorides