[Update on antimicrobial chemotherapy].
There is a constant need for new antibacterial agents because of the unavoidable development of bacterial resistance that follows the introduction of antibiotics in clinical practice. As observed in many fields, innovation generally comes by series. For instance, a wide variety of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents became available between the 1970s and the 1990s, such as cephalosporins, penicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones. Over the last 2 decades, the arrival of new antibacterial drugs on the market has dramatically slowed, leaving a frequent gap between isolation of resistant pathogens and effective treatment options. In fact, many pharmaceutical companies focused on the development of narrow-spectrum antibiotics targeted at multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria (e.g. methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium). Therefore, multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii) recently emerged and rapidly spread worldwide. Even if some molecules were developed, new molecules for infections caused by these multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria remain remarkably scarce compared to those for Gram-positive infections. This review summarises the major microbiological, pharmacological, and clinical properties of systemic antibiotics recently marketed in France (i.e. linezolid, daptomycin, tigecycline, ertapenem, and doripenem) as well as those of antibacterial drugs currently in development (i.e. ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, dalbavancin, telavancin, oritavancin, iclaprim, and ramoplanin) or available in other countries (i.e. garenoxacin, sitafloxacin, and temocillin).
Cattoir
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V
Equipe EA 2128, service de microbiologie, CHU Côte-de-Nacre, Interactions hôtes et microorganismes des épithéliums, faculté de médecine de Caen, université de Caen-Basse-Normandie, avenue Côte-de-Nacre, Caen cedex 9, France. cattoir-v@chu-caen.fr
Daurel
C
C
D000081:Acetamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017576:Daptomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077726:Doripenem; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D000077727:Ertapenem; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D000069349:Linezolid; D000077427:Lipoglycopeptides; D008911:Minocycline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017334:Teicoplanin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000078304:Tigecycline; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000081:Acetamides; D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; D002511:Cephalosporins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077427:Lipoglycopeptides; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D010406:Penicillins; D011743:Pyrimidines; D047090:beta-Lactams; C031367:temocillin; C486448:iclaprim; C443755:ceftobiprole; D017334:Teicoplanin; D000078304:Tigecycline; C469289:dalbavancin; D000077726:Doripenem; D008911:Minocycline; D000077727:Ertapenem; D000069349:Linezolid; D017576:Daptomycin; C487637:telavancin