Controlled steroid delivery via bioabsorbable stent: safety and performance in a rabbit model.
BACKGROUND
Middle turbinate lateralization, adhesions, and inflammation are causes of suboptimal sinus patency following surgery. A bioabsorbable drug-eluting stent has been developed to maintain sinus patency while providing controlled steroid delivery to the sinus mucosa. The aim of this study was to characterize the in vivo drug delivery efficacy and tolerance of this stent in a rabbit model.


METHODS
Bioabsorbable stents coated with mometasone furoate were placed bilaterally in the maxillary sinuses of 31 rabbits via dorsal maxillary sinusotomy. Animals were sacrificed between 5 days and 18 weeks postoperatively. Efficacy was assessed by measuring tissue concentrations of steroid in maxillary sinus and nasal mucosa and by measurement of plasma steroid concentrations. Tolerance was assessed by histological evaluation of the sinus mucosa at different time points.


RESULTS
Therapeutic mucosal drug concentrations were attained in a time-dependent fashion (range 175-28,189 ng/g). Plasma drug concentrations were generally near or below the lower limit of quantification (15 pg/mL). Histopathological examination of the mucosa showed no differences in the reaction to steroid-coated stents versus nondrug-coated control stents, with inflammation, epithelial ulceration, and bony reaction ranging from none to mild at all time points. Microscopic fungal hyphae were noted in a small proportion of both treatment and control sinuses, without evidence of associated adverse tissue reaction.


CONCLUSIONS
In a rabbit model, mometasone-coated bioabsorbable stents are able to provide local steroid delivery with negligible systemic absorption. Corticosteroid-eluting stents may prove useful following endoscopic sinus surgery in maintaining sinus patency and reducing inflammation.
Li
Peter M M C
PM
The Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Li
Peter F
PF
Downie
David
D
Hwang
Peter H
PH
D020341:Absorbable Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004724:Endoscopy; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023421:Models, Animal; D000068656:Mometasone Furoate; D009181:Mycoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011244:Pregnadienediols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D011817:Rabbits; D014020:Tissue Extracts
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D011244:Pregnadienediols; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D000068656:Mometasone Furoate