title: Psychological intervention targets for people with visual impairments: the importance of cognitive coping and goal adjustment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study represents, to our knowledge, the first examination of the joint influence of cognitive coping strategies and goal-related coping on depressive symptoms in people with severe visual impairments with the aim of finding targets for intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, data of 67 individuals with visual impairments were assembled by telephone interviews. Depressive symptomatology, cognitive coping strategies, and goal-related coping processes were measured. Relationships between these variables were statistically analyzed by Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was shown that a ruminative way of responding to visual impairments was related to more depressive symptoms among the study participants. In contrast, refocusing attention by seeking and re-engaging in alternative, meaningful goals was related to less depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of the results, it was concluded that both cognitive and goal-related coping could be important targets for intervention. Main components of treatment should include a combination of (1) teaching patients to decrease a ruminative way of thinking in response to their disabilities and (2) actively assisting patients in the search for and the re-engagement in new personal goals, when existing goals are obstructed by their impairments.
authors: Department of Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. martin.nadia@planet.nl
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Garnefski
authors: Vivian
authors: V
authors: Kraaij
authors: Marjolein
authors: M
authors: De Graaf
authors: Lianne
authors: L
authors: Karels
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation