Advances in therapy for type 2 diabetes: GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is intrinsically connected to overweight and obesity. It is a complex metabolic disorder that predisposes patients to, and is associated with, cardiovascular disease. In addition to the triumvirate of core defects associated with T2DM (involvement of the pancreatic beta cell, the muscle, and the liver), other mechanisms including hyperglucagonemia, accelerated gastric emptying, and incretin deficiency/resistance are also involved. This has led to the development of incretinbased therapies, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. These newer therapies have beneficial effects on glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, weight, and pancreatic beta-cell function.
Davidson
Jaime A
JA
Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA. davidsonmd@sbcglobal.net
D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077270:Exenatide; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000819:agonists* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014688:Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D000077270:Exenatide; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010455:Peptides; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D014688:Venoms; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human