title: Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of shoulder injuries in athletes.
abstract: The shoulder remains one of the more challenging joints for clinicians to clearly identify, diagnose, and treat within the athletic population. Its complexities involving the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and scapulothoracic joints moving in tandem require the physician and rehabilitation specialist to have a comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics and arthrokinematics associated with athletic activity. This chapter focuses on the evaluation, classification, mechanism of injury, and initial treatment of widespread shoulder injuries involved in sports.
authors: OAA Orthopaedic Specialists, Allentown, PA 18104, USA. vhudson@oaainstitute.com
authors: Vincent J
authors: VJ
authors: Hudson
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002062:Bursitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002968:Clavicle / Q000293:injuries; D050723:Fractures, Bone; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000503:physiopathology; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019534:Shoulder Impingement Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology