title: Using restrictive messages to limit high-fat foods or nonrestrictive messages to increase fruit and vegetable intake: what works better for postmenopausal women?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of two dietary approaches on changes in dietary intakes and body weight: (1) an approach emphasizing nonrestrictive messages directed toward the inclusion of fruits and vegetables (HIFV) and (2) another approach using restrictive messages to limit high-fat foods (LOFAT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 68 overweight-obese postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to one of the two dietary approaches. The 6-month dietary intervention included three group sessions and ten individual sessions with a dietitian. Dietary food intake and anthropometric variables were measured at baseline, at 3 months and at 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Energy density decreased in both groups after the intervention compared with baseline (HIFV, -0.3+/-0.2 kcal/g; LOFAT, -0.3+/-0.3 kcal/g; P<0.0001). Although body weight decreased significantly in both groups after the intervention compared with baseline (HIFV, -1.6+/-2.9 kg; LOFAT, -3.5+/-2.9 kg; P<0.0001), women in the LOFAT group lost significantly more body weight than women in the HIFV group (P=0.01). In the HIFV group, the decrease in energy density was found to be an independent predictor of body weight loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LOFAT approach induces more weight loss than does the HIFV approach in our sample of overweight-obese postmenopausal women.
authors: Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lapointe
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Weisnagel
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Provencher
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bégin
authors: A-A
authors: AA
authors: Dufour-Bouchard
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Trudeau
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Lemieux
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy*; D017698:Postmenopause; D014675:Vegetables; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats