title: Small molecular glasses based on multiposition encapsulated phenyl benzimidazole iridium(III) complexes: toward efficient solution-processable host-free electrophosphorescent diodes.
abstract: Three electrophosphorescent small molecular Ir(3+) complexes, Ir(HexPhBI)(3) 1 (HexPhBI = 1-Hexyl-2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole), Ir(CzPhBI)(3) 2 (CzPhBI = 9-(6-(2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)hexyl)-9H-carbazole), and Ir(Cz(2)PhBI)(3) 3 (Cz(2)PhBI = 9-(6-(4-(1-(6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy)hexyl)-9H-carbazole), were synthesized in which 3 was designed with the structure of multiposition encapsulation. Compared to the hexyl-substituted 1, 2 and 3 end-capped with the conjugated carbazole moieties have improved thermal stability. X-ray diffraction analysis proved the amorphous state of 2 and 3. High-photoluminescent efficiencies of 3 are achieved as 72% in solution and 61% in solid. It indicates that the peripheral carbazoles not only facilitate the separation of triplet-emission cores and reduce the intermolecular aggregation but also supply a routine for the intermolecular energy transfer. Electrochemical analysis showed the more oxidation states of 3, which might be anticipated to make it superior to 1 and 2 in hole injection and transporting. The important role of the peripheral carbazole moieties in carrier injection/transporting and the optical properties of the complexes were further investigated by Gaussian simulation. A dramatic electroluminescent (EL) performance, including external quantum efficiency of nearly 6%, low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V, and high brightness over 6000 cd m(-2), from the host-free spin-coated device of 3 was achieved. The superiority of multiencapsulation in EL was proved by comparing the EL performance of 2 and 3. By making comparison between the host-free and phosphor-doping devices, it indicated that the combined modification of the aliphatic chains and functional groups in multipositions is a feasible approach to realize the high-efficiency small molecular phosphorescent materials.
authors: Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China. hxu@hlju.edu.cn
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Xu
authors: Dong-Hui
authors: DH
authors: Yu
authors: Le-Le
authors: LL
authors: Liu
authors: Peng-Fei
authors: PF
authors: Yan
authors: Li-Wei
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authors: Jia
authors: Guang-Ming
authors: GM
authors: Li
authors: Zheng-Yu
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