title: Evaluation of the Family Impact Scale for use in Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to assess the validity and reliability of the Family Impact Scale (FIS) applied in Brazilian parents after translations and cultural adaptations to Brazilian Portuguese language and to evaluate the nature and extent to which the family functioning is compromised by the child oral conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents were recruited from general populations for pre-testing (n=20), validity (n=210) and test-retest reliability (n=20) studies. The children were examined for dental caries, gingivitis, fluorosis and malocclusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FIS discriminated among the categories of malocclusion and showed good construct validity. The Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.87 and 0.90, respectively. Almost 20% of the informants reported some family impact ;sometimes' or ;often/everyday' from the child's oral condition. Impact on FIS domains of this frequency ranged from 13.8% for financial difficulties to 24.4% for parental or family activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Brazilian Portuguese version of FIS is valid and reliable. The results suggest that child oral conditions have a negative impact on the family. Further research is required, as these findings were based on cross-sectional study and convenience samples.
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental Schoo, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Taís de Souza
authors: Tde S
authors: Barbosa
authors: Maria Beatriz Duarte
authors: MB
authors: Gavião
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003469:Culture; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000523:psychology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology; D009909:Oral Health; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011788:Quality of Life; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors