title: Long-term impact of capsule endoscopy in patients referred for iron-deficiency anemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is recommended as the third diagnostic test for patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) after a normal upper endoscopy and colonoscopy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study long-term outcomes after VCE in patients with IDA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective study of VCE studies performed at Stanford University Hospital or the VA Palo Alto Health Care System from 2002 to 2006. We assessed endoscopic or radiographic procedures performed post-CE and contacted patients by telephone in order to determine current medical status and potential resolution of anemia since the VCE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We invited 153 patients to participate, and 82 (54%) patients agreed to enroll including 57 patients with IDA and 25 patients with overt gastrointestinal bleeding. The overt group received more transfusions pre-CE (P < 0.05). The mean follow-up time was 36 +/- 16 months (median 33 months, range 14-67) in the IDA referral group and 40 +/- 16 months (median 39 months, range 17-69) in the overt bleeding group (P = 0.3). Positive findings on VCE were detected in 35 (60%) and 15 (60%) patients in the IDA referral and overt groups, respectively (P= 1.0). Of the 35 patients in the IDA referral group with significant VCE findings, 15 underwent therapeutic procedures, while 20 were managed conservatively. Over the mean follow-up period, 23% of the IDA referral group and 22% of the overt group remained anemic (P = 0.30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients referred for VCE examination to evaluate IDA were no longer anemic at 36 months of follow-up, with or without therapeutic intervention.
authors: Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5202, USA.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Sheibani
authors: Barrett G
authors: BG
authors: Levesque
authors: Shai
authors: S
authors: Friedland
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Roost
authors: Lauren B
authors: LB
authors: Gerson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis*; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014741:Video Recording