title: Voiding school for children with idiopathic urinary incontinence and/or bladder dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Individually applied urotherapy is first-line treatment in children with bladder dysfunction. A new concept of treatment for small groups of children was applied and evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred children, 116 of them girls, aged 3-14 years (median 7.2) with bladder dysfunction and incontinence received urotherapy in small groups (2-5), called voiding school (VS). Outcome was evaluated after 3 and 12 months by voiding/leakage diary and questionnaire, and at 3 months by uroflow and post-void residual urine as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The outcome of VS was independent of age and gender. At follow up at 3 and 12 months, respectively, 35% and 40% of the children were cured and another 30% and 34% improved (P≤0.0001). Compared with the year before start of VS, urinary tract infections decreased from 34% to 6% (P<0.0001). Median residual urine decreased from 15 ml before VS to 6 ml after 3 months (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concept of VS is a good alternative to individual urotherapy, with the outcome of fewer urinary tract infections and improved continence. Urotherapy for groups of children compared to individual treatment is also expected to have financial benefits.
authors: Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Linköping, Sweden. gunilla.glad.mattsson@lio.se
authors: Gunilla
authors: G
authors: Glad Mattsson
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Brännström
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Eldh
authors: Sven
authors: S
authors: Mattsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D053207:Diurnal Enuresis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000628:therapy; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000628:therapy; D014563:Urodynamics