title: Inhibition of anticancer drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein by rosemary phytochemicals.
abstract: The effects of dietary antioxidative and chemopreventive rosemary phytochemicals on the function of the human drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (MDR1, ABCB1) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) were investigated using P-glycoprotein-overexpressing human carcinoma KB-C2 cells and human MRP1 gene-transfected KB/MRP cells. The effects of natural phytochemicals found in rosemary such as carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid, and ursolic acid were investigated. The accumulation of daunorubicin or rhodamine 123, fluorescent substrates of P-glycoprotein, in KB-C2 cells increased in the presence of carnosic acid, carnosol, and ursolic acid in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid, and ursolic acid had no effects on the accumulation of calcein, a fluorescent substrate of MRP1, in KB/MRP cells. The ATPase activities of P-glycoprotein were stimulated by carnosic acid, carnosol, and ursolic acid. KB-C2 cells were sensitized to vinblastine cytotoxicity by carnosic acid, showing that carnosic acid reverses multidrug resistance. These results suggest that rosemary phytochemicals, such as carnosic acid, have inhibitory effects on anticancer drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein and may become useful to enhance the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy.
authors: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashi-jima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan. nabe@nupals.ac.jp
authors: Tomohiro
authors: T
authors: Nabekura
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Yamaki
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Hiroi
authors: Kazuyuki
authors: K
authors: Ueno
authors: Shuji
authors: S
authors: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007624:KB Cells; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D003630:Daunorubicin; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C421109:multidrug resistance-associated protein 1