title: Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) regulates adipocyte differentiation via forkhead box O1.
abstract: The serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is an inducible kinase the physiological function of which has been characterized primarily in the kidney. Here we show that SGK1 is expressed in white adipose tissue and that its levels are induced in the conversion of preadipocytes into fat cells. Adipocyte differentiation is significantly diminished via small interfering RNA inhibition of endogenous SGK1 expression, whereas ectopic expression of SGK1 in mesenchymal precursor cells promotes adipogenesis. The SGK1-mediated phenotypic effects on differentiation parallel changes in the mRNA levels for critical regulators and markers of adipogenesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha, and fatty acid binding protein aP2. We demonstrate that SGK1 affects differentiation by direct phosphorylation of Foxo1, thereby changing its cellular localization from the nucleus to the cytosol. In addition we show that SGK1-/- cells are unable to relocalize Foxo1 to the cytosol in response to dexamethasone. Together these results show that SGK1 influences adipocyte differentiation by regulating Foxo1 phosphorylation and reveal a potentially important function for this kinase in the control of fat mass and function.
authors: Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Di Pietro
authors: Valentine
authors: V
authors: Panel
authors: Schantel
authors: S
authors: Hayes
authors: Alessia
authors: A
authors: Bagattin
authors: Sunitha
authors: S
authors: Meruvu
authors: Assunta
authors: A
authors: Pandolfi
authors: Lynne
authors: L
authors: Hugendubler
authors: Geza
authors: G
authors: Fejes-Tóth
authors: Aniko
authors: A
authors: Naray-Fejes-Tóth
authors: Elisabetta
authors: E
authors: Mueller
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D052438:Adipocytes, White / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases; C085126:FOXO1 protein, human