title: Ex vivo human skin evaluation of localized fat reduction and anti-aging effect by TriPollar radio frequency treatments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A wide variety of radio frequency (RF) treatments for localized fat and cellulite reduction as well as anti-aging are available nowadays, but only a few have shown the biological mechanism responsible for the clinical results.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the biological mechanism of the TriPollar RF device for localized fat and cellulite reduction as well as the collagen remodeling effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human skin samples were collected from abdominoplasty surgery and facial lifts, in order to evaluate the lipolytic and anti-aging effects of the apollo device powered by TriPollar RF technology using an ex vivo human skin model. The anti-cellulite effect was evaluated by the dosage of released glycerol and histological analysis of the hypodermis. Skin tightening was evaluated by morphometric analysis of collagen fibers and the dosage of collagen synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following TriPollar treatment, a significant increase of glycerol release by skin samples was found. The structure of fat cells was altered in shape and a modification of the fibrous tract was also detected in the fat layer. Additional findings indicated stimulation of the dermal fibroblasts with increased collagen synthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detected alteration in the hypodermal layer is manifested by fat and cellulite reduction accompanied by structural and biochemical improvement of dermal collagen, which result in overall skin tightening.
authors: Pitié Salpetrière Hospital, Paris, France. gredeco@orange.fr
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Boisnic
authors: Marie Christine
authors: MC
authors: Branchet
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen; D005990:Glycerol