title: Validation of human skin models in the MHz region.
abstract: The human skin consists of several layers with distinct dielectric properties. Resolving the impact of changes in dielectric parameters of skin layers and predicting them allows for non-invasive sensing in medical diagnosis. So far no complete skin and underlying tissue model is available for this purpose in the MHz range. Focusing on this dispersiondominated frequency region multilayer skin models are investigated: First, containing homogeneous non-dispersive sublayers and second, with sublayers obtained from a three-phase Maxwell-Garnett mixture of shelled cell-like ellipsoids. Both models are numerically simulated using the Finite Element Method, a fringing field sensor on the top of the multilayer system serving as a probe. Furthermore, measurements with the sensor probing skin in vivo are performed. In order to validate the models the uppermost skin layer, the stratum corneum was i) included and ii) removed in models and measurements. It is found that only the Maxwell-Garnett mixture model can qualitatively reproduce the measured dispersion which still occurs without the stratum corneum and consequently, structural features of tissue have to be part of the model.
authors: Laboratory for Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Electronics, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. sonja.huclova@ifh.ee.ethz.ch
authors: Sonja
authors: S
authors: Huclova
authors: Jürg
authors: J
authors: Fröhlich
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Falco
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Dewarrat
authors: Mark S
authors: MS
authors: Talary
authors: Rüdiger
authors: R
authors: Vahldieck
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004817:Epidermis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat