title: Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in dermatomyositis and polymyositis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, TLR9, and their correlations with the expression of cytokines that are associated with activation of CD4(+) T cells and inflammation including interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 17 (IL17), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in muscle tissues of patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM). The expressions of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, IFNgamma, IL4, IL17, and TNFalpha were measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in muscle tissues from 14 patients with DM and PM (nine patients with DM, five patients with PM) and three controls. The expressions of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 were also localized with immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, IFNgamma, IL4, IL17, and TNFalpha were significantly high in patients with DM and PM compared with those in the controls, and the expression levels of TLR4 and TLR9 had significant positive correlations with the expressions of IFNgamma, IL4, IL17, and TNFalpha. Immunohistochemistry showed that TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 were expressed by infiltrating cells of perimysium in DM, whereas they were expressed by infiltrating cells of endomysium in PM. These results suggest that the involvement of TLR4 and TLR9 in immunopathogenesis of DM and PM might be connected with activation of CD4(+) T cells.
authors: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 1-10, Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan, South Korea.
authors: Geun-Tae
authors: GT
authors: Kim
authors: Mi-La
authors: ML
authors: Cho
authors: Young-Eun
authors: YE
authors: Park
authors: Wan Hee
authors: WH
authors: Yoo
authors: Jung-Hee
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Hye-Jwa
authors: HJ
authors: Oh
authors: Dae-Sung
authors: DS
authors: Kim
authors: Seung-Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Baek
authors: Sun-Hee
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: Jun-Hee
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Ho-Youn
authors: HY
authors: Kim
authors: Sung-Il
authors: SI
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C508598:IL4 protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma