title: High prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women with Trichomonas vaginalis infection on monolayer cytology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women with Trichomonas vaginalis infection, and the reason remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40,000 liquid-based cytology specimens were tested from 2005 to 2008. Among these, high-risk HPV testing using the hybrid capture II assay was performed in positive cases of T. vaginalis according to the age of patients (<30 years old, between 30 and 50 years old, more than 50 years old). As controls, HPV detection was also performed in 450 normal smears.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T. vaginalis was found in 80 cases (0.2%). From these 80 cases, 57 were available for HPV testing (8 patients <30 years old, 42 patients between 30 and 50 years old and 7 patients more than 50 years old). As controls, high-risk HPV was tested in 150 patients with normal cytology for each of these three age categories. High-risk HPV was significantly more frequently detected in women with T. vaginalis than in women with normal smear irrespective of the categories of age (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time, we demonstrated a significant prevalence of high-risk HPV in women with cytological proved T. vaginalis infection independent of the age ranges. Our data suggest a potential association between these two infectious agents by the way of a sexual intercourse and probably by a biochemical or immunological reasons.
authors: Department of Gynecopathology, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
authors: Jean-Christophe
authors: JC
authors: Noël
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Fayt
authors: Maria Rosaria
authors: MR
authors: Romero Munoz
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Simon
authors: Corinne
authors: C
authors: Engohan-Aloghe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology*; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000379:methods