title: Prediction of residual disease after primary cytoreductive surgery for advanced-stage ovarian cancer: accuracy of clinical judgment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of patients with an advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is based on cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Amount of residual disease after primary cytoreductive surgery is an important prognostic factor. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of preoperative clinical judgment of residual disease after primary cytoreductive surgery and to compare the predictive performance of the offhand assessment to the predictive performance of prediction models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen observers (5 gynecologic oncologists, 5 gynecologists, and 5 senior residents) were offered preoperative data of 20 patients with advanced-stage EOC who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery. The observers were asked to predict residual disease after cytoreductive surgery (<or=1 or >1 cm). Their estimation was compared with the performance of 2 prediction models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, suboptimal cytoreduction was predicted with a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 56%. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.27. chi(2) Test showed no significant difference in prediction of suboptimal cytoreduction between the different subgroups and prediction models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical judgment of residual disease after primary cytoreductive surgery in patients with advanced-stage EOC shows limited accuracy. Given the poor interobserver reproducibility, prediction models could attribute to uniform treatment decisions and improve counseling.
authors: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. c.gerestein@erasmusmc.nl
authors: Cornelis G
authors: CG
authors: Gerestein
authors: Dirkina W
authors: DW
authors: van der Spek
authors: Marinus J
authors: MJ
authors: Eijkemans
authors: Jeanette
authors: J
authors: Bakker
authors: Geertruida S
authors: GS
authors: Kooi
authors: Curt W
authors: CW
authors: Burger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D015588:Observer Variation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult