Adrenergic control of the human cutaneous circulation.
The cutaneous circulation is influenced by a variety of thermoregulatory (skin and internal temperature-driven) and nonthermoregulatory (e.g., baroreflex, exercise-associated reflexes) challenges. The responses to these stimuli are brought about through vasoconstrictor nerves, vasodilator nerves, and changes in the local temperature of the vessels themselves. In this review, we examine how thermoregulatory influences mediate changes in skin blood flow through the sympathetic nervous system. We discuss cutaneous vascular responses to both local and whole-body heating and cooling and the mechanisms underlying these responses, with the overarching conclusion that sympathetic function plays significant roles in reflex vasoconstriction and vasodilatation and in the responses to both local cooling and local heating of the skin.
Hodges
Gary J
GJ
Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. ghodges@uwo.ca
Johnson
John M
JM
D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*