title: The association of stroke and family history of stroke depends on its subtypes and gender: a family history study in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Family history is a risk factor for stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate whether stroke subtypes and gender might have a familial contribution to stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detailed family history analysis was used to investigate the parents or siblings of the probands and controls who were classified into 3 groups: probands, outpatient controls, and spouse controls. The lifetime risk (LTR) of stroke was estimated using a Cox proportional hazard model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 684 probands and controls yielded 1066 parents and 3247 siblings. Compared to the parents and siblings of the controls, those of the stroke patients had a significantly higher LTR. The findings were consistent between probands with cerebral infarction (CI) or cerebral hemorrhage (CH), independent of diabetes, hypertension, and smoking. With regard to gender, family history of stroke was significant for both parents and siblings of the CH or CI patients, but not for the fathers of CI patients and sisters of CH patients. The family history of stroke was associated with an increased risk of stroke of all subtypes, except cardioembolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supported the familial contribution to stroke in the case of both CI and CH but not cardioembolism, independent of the established risk factors for stroke. Gender differences in familial clustering of stroke subtypes were also revealed. These results warrant further molecular genetic studies.
authors: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. wenchuin@yahoo.com
authors: Wen-Chuin
authors: WC
authors: Hsu
authors: Sien-Tsong
authors: ST
authors: Chen
authors: Yih-Ru
authors: YR
authors: Wu
authors: Hong-Shiu
authors: HS
authors: Chang
authors: Rong-Kuo
authors: RK
authors: Lyu
authors: Long-Sun
authors: LS
authors: Lo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D035781:Siblings; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology