title: Evidence of vasopressinergic-noradrenergic mechanisms in depression with above-normal plasma vasopressin concentration with and without psychotic features.
abstract: Previous studies in the field of melancholic or endogenous depression have resulted in support for a subcategory of depression with above-normal plasma vasopressin (AVP) concentration (ANA). Since an analogous animal model with increased release of above-normal plasma vasopressin exhibits reduced Sympathetic-Nervous-System activity, the present study investigated the plasma norepinephrine concentration and the correlation between plasma norepinephrine and AVP in this ANA depression. As psychotic-melancholic patients may have increased plasma norepinephrine concentration, and noradrenergic activation may stimulate AVP release, potentially confounding effects of psychotic features were also investigated. The data set of the same depressed patient sample that was used before, but limited to those with complete hormonal data (n = 75), was re-analysed. ANA depression (n = 14) had negatively correlating AVP and norepinephrine concentrations. A very small subcategory of ANA depression with psychotic features (n = 3) had high plasma norepinephrine concentration, suggesting that this could be an independent subcategory. This was supported by the combination of relatively low above-normal plasma AVP concentrations with the highest severity scores for depression in this subcategory, which does not correspond with the positive correlation between AVP concentration and severity in non-psychotic ANA depression. The results further support the validity of ANA depression and the analogy with the High Anxiety Behaviour animal model of depression. Further investigations are needed to replicate these findings and to search for genetic and traumatic factors involved.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. jgg@jggoekoop.demon.nl
authors: Jaap G
authors: JG
authors: Goekoop
authors: Remco F P
authors: RF
authors: de Winter
authors: Ron
authors: R
authors: Wolterbeek
authors: Godfried M J
authors: GM
authors: van Kempen
authors: Victor M
authors: VM
authors: Wiegant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D009638:Norepinephrine