title: Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha at mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis: relationship to intra-amniotic microbial invasion and preterm delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the value of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 (AF IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (AF TNF-alpha) in the diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and in the prediction of preterm delivery (PTD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Following amniocentesis, a sample of amniotic fluid was sent for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures along with Ureaplasma urealyticum culture and it was also assessed for IL-6 and TNF-alpha.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight women who delivered preterm (<37 weeks) were matched with 96 controls. The AF IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations of women with spontaneous PTD were significantly higher than those who delivered at term (IL-6: 176.3 pg/ml [130.6-208.6] vs. 52.3 pg/ml [37.2-92.3]; TNF-alpha: 8.8 pg/ml [7.2-10.7] vs. 5.5 pg/ml [5.0-6.3]). AF IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations of >99.3 pg/ml and of >6.6 pg/ml respectively, had a sensitivity of 89.6% and 81.3% and a specificity of 80.3% and 79.2% for the prediction of spontaneous PTD. Moreover, AF IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations of >99.3 pg/ml and of 6.3 pg/ml respectively, had a sensitivity of 91.9% and 78.4% and a specificity of 73.8% and 70.1% for the prediction of a positive AF culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated mid-trimester concentrations of AF IL-6, or/and of TNF-alpha can identify women at risk for intra-amniotic infection and for spontaneous PTD.
authors: 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Maternity Hospital, Athens University, Athens, Greece.
authors: Nikolaos
authors: N
authors: Thomakos
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Daskalakis
authors: Angeliki
authors: A
authors: Papapanagiotou
authors: Nikolaos
authors: N
authors: Papantoniou
authors: Spyros
authors: S
authors: Mesogitis
authors: Aris
authors: A
authors: Antsaklis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha