The molecular basis of the host response to lipopolysaccharide.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is produced by Gram-negative bacteria, is a powerful activator of innate immune responses. LPS binds to the proteins Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD2 to activate pro-inflammatory signalling pathways. The TLR4-MD2 receptor complex is crucial for the host recognition of Gram-negative bacterial infection, and pathogens have devised many strategies to evade or manipulate TLR4-MD2 activity. The TLR4-MD2 signalling pathway is therefore potentially an important therapeutic target. This Progress article focuses on recent exciting data that have revealed the structural basis of TLR4-MD2 recognition of LPS.
Bryant
Clare E
CE
Clare E. Bryant is at the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OES, UK. ceb27@cam.ac.uk
Spring
David R
DR
Gangloff
Monique
M
Gay
Nicholas J
NJ
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011485:Protein Binding; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4