title: Predictive and reactive control of precision grip in children with congenital hemiplegia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Grasping an object between the thumb and index finger requires precise coordination between grip force (GF) and tangential load force (LF), which is impaired in children with congenital hemiplegia (CH). This study aimed to determine the respective contributions of predictive and reactive control in the impaired precision grip of 12 children with CH between 10 and 16 years of age when compared with age- and gender-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The load of a handheld object was increased rapidly by generating an impact through the drop of a mass attached to the object. The drop was triggered by the participant (predictive conditions) or unexpectedly by the examiner (reactive conditions). In both conditions, participants aimed to prevent the object from falling. Both hands of children with CH and controls were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During our task, no differences in the GF levels were observed between paretic, nonparetic, and control hands. Under predictive conditions, the temporal variables related to the GF were preserved before impact in children with CH but altered after impact. Under reactive conditions, the reactive delays were longer in the paretic hand. Predictive and reactive control were preserved on the nonparetic hand.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deficits were observed in both predictive and reactive control for the paretic hand. The predictive control exists but is altered after the impact, suggesting an inability to anticipate the consequences of a dynamic perturbation. The authors suggest that the abilities of the nonparetic side could be used in neurorehabilitation to improve motor control of the paretic side.
authors: School of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: Yannick
authors: Y
authors: Bleyenheuft
authors: Jean-Louis
authors: JL
authors: Thonnard
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000503:physiopathology; D017276:Friction; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000473:pathology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013933:Thumb / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors