Cellular mechanisms of cardioprotection by calorie restriction: state of the science and future perspectives.
Evidence from animal models and preliminary studies in humans indicates that calorie restriction (CR) delays cardiac aging and can prevent cardiovascular disease. These effects are mediated by a wide spectrum of biochemical and cellular adaptations, including redox homeostasis, mitochondrial function, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Despite the beneficial effects of CR, its large-scale implementation is challenged by applicability issues as well as health concerns. However, preclinical studies indicate that specific compounds, such as resveratrol, may mimic many of the effects of CR, thus potentially obviating the need for drastic food intake reductions. Results from ongoing clinical trials will reveal whether the intriguing alternative of CR mimetics represents a safe and effective strategy to promote cardiovascular health and delay cardiac aging in humans.
Marzetti
Emanuele
E
Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road,Gainesville, FL 32610-0143, USA. emarzetti@aging.ufl.edu
Wohlgemuth
Stephanie E
SE
Anton
Stephen D
SD
Bernabei
Roberto
R
Carter
Christy S
CS
Leeuwenburgh
Christiaan
C
D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005544:Forecasting; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000502:physiology; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage
D000975:Antioxidants; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol