title: Evaluation of published reports of foam sclerotherapy: what do we know conclusively?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to evaluate the published literature to assess what is conclusively known about optimal technique and outcome for foam sclerotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed for randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses and observational studies using appropriate statistical techniques with survival analysis for long-term outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Foam is more effective than liquid for ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy. Both sclerosants commonly used are equally effective for sclerotherapy for small veins. Ultrasound signals appear in the systemic circulation in most patients after foam sclerotherapy but do not appear to be associated with serious complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Little else is known about the optimal preparation of foamed sclerosants and the best technique for administering foam for sclerotherapy. Long-term studies are required to determine outcome for various techniques. There is an opportunity for many controlled trials to assess results.
authors: Victoria Vein Clinic, Suite 506, 100 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia. myers.kaba@gmail.com
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Myers
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Roberts
mesh_terms: D017115:Catheter Ablation; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005740:Gases / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology; D053685:Laser Therapy; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004304:Dosage Forms; D005740:Gases; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions