title: Genetic analysis of HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form 02_AG, B and C subtype-specific envelope sequences from Northern India and their predicted co-receptor usage.
abstract: HIV-1 epidemic in India is largely driven by subtype C but other subtypes or recombinants have also been reported from several states of India. This is mainly due to the co-circulation of other genetic subtypes that potentially can recombine to generate recombinant/mosaic genomes. In this study, we report detail genetic characterization of HIV-1 envelope sequences from North India (Delhi and neighboring regions). Six of 13 were related to subtype C, one B and the rest six showed relatedness with CRF02_AG strain. The subtype C possessed the highly conserved GPGQ motif but subtype B possessed the GPGR motif in the V3 loop as observed earlier. While most of the sequences suggested CCR5 co-receptor usage, one subtype C sample clearly indicated CXCR4 usage. A successful mother to child transmission was established in two pairs. Thus, co-circulation of multiple subtypes (B and C) and the recombinant CRF02_AG strains in North India suggests a rapidly evolving scenario of HIV-1 epidemic in this region with impact on vaccine formulation. Since this is the first report of CRF02_AG envelope from India, it will be important to monitor the spread of this strain and its impact on HIV-1 transmission in India.
authors: Virology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067 India. ujjwal@nii.res.in
authors: Ujjwal
authors: U
authors: Neogi
authors: Vikas
authors: V
authors: Sood
authors: Arpita
authors: A
authors: Chowdhury
authors: Shukla
authors: S
authors: Das
authors: Vishnampettai G
authors: VG
authors: Ramachandran
authors: Vijesh K
authors: VK
authors: Sreedhar
authors: Ajay
authors: A
authors: Wanchu
authors: Nilanjana
authors: N
authors: Ghosh
authors: Akhil C
authors: AC
authors: Banerjea