title: Tumescent local anesthesia for excision and flap procedures in treatment of pilonidal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe our experience with tumescent local anesthesia for excision and flap procedures in the treatment of pilonidal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty consecutive patients with symptomatic pilonidal disease were treated. Tumescent solution was prepared by mixing one volume of a lidocaine (20 mg/ml) and adrenaline (0.0125 mg/ml) combination with 9 volumes of lactated Ringer's solution. The final solution was infiltrated gradually and liberally, first subcutaneously and then into the skin. The end point was swollen and firm skin. After excision, the area was filled with an advancement flap or a rotational flap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group consisted of 37 men (92.5%) and 3 women (7.5%); mean age, 27 (range, 18-61) years. The amount of injected solution ranged from 60 mL to 140 mL (mean, 100 mL; dose interval, 2-4 mg/kg). No additional anesthesia or sedation was needed, and no complications were observed during the procedure. Half of the patients were discharged on the day of the operation, half on the next day. Follow-up ranged from 13 to 37 months. Patients returned to daily activities after a mean of 10.5 (range, 2-30) days. Primary healing occurred uneventfully in 28 patients (70%); wound healing complications occurred in 12 (30%). No flap necrosis was observed. Thirty-seven (92.5%) patients reported satisfaction with the procedure. Recurrence was observed in 3 patients (7.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excision and flap procedures for sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease can be performed under tumescent local infiltration anesthesia with acceptable results, without requiring regional or general anesthesia.
authors: Department of General Surgery, Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. ckayaalp@inonu.edu.tr
authors: Cuneyt
authors: C
authors: Kayaalp
authors: Aydemir
authors: A
authors: Olmez
authors: Cemalettin
authors: C
authors: Aydin
authors: Turgut
authors: T
authors: Piskin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010864:Pilonidal Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine