title: An electrophysiological study on the safety of the endoscope-assisted microsurgical removal of vestibular schwannomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopy is being increasingly used in skull base surgery. The issue of its safety, however, has not been definitely solved.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the risk of thermal or mechanical iatrogenic nerve injury related to endoscope application during microsurgical removal of vestibular schwannomas (VS) in a prospective group of 30 patients (Group A). Main analysed parameters were electrophysiological monitoring data (auditory evoked potentials and EMG) during and after endoscopic observation. The structural and functional preservation of facial and cochlear nerves, radicality of tumour removal, and CSF leak rate were evaluated and compared to historical group of 50 patients (Group B), operated consecutively with classical microsurgical technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No electrophysiological changes directly related to endoscope were registered. The rate of loss of waves I, II, and V did not depend on application of endoscope and was similar in both groups. The functional and general outcome was also similar. Endoscopic inspection provided early and detailed view of anatomical relations within cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal and confirmed completeness of tumour removal. Total tumour removal was achieved in all patients from Group A and in 49/50 from Group B. Useful hearing after the surgery had 17/30 patients in Group A and 26/50 in Group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of endoscope during microsurgical removal of VS is a safe procedure that does not lead to heat-related or mechanical neural or vascular injuries. The actual significance of this additional endoscopic information, however, is related to the particular operative technique and experience of the surgeon.
authors: International Neuroscience Institute, Rudolf Pichlmayr Street 4, Hannover 30625, Germany. vgerganov@gmail.com
authors: V M
authors: VM
authors: Gerganov
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Giordano
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Herold
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Samii
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Samii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004576:Electromyography; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D044582:Neuroendoscopes; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome