title: Electrophysiological evidence of nicotine's distracter-filtering properties in non-smokers.
abstract: Nicotine-enhanced attentional functions are purported to underlie improvements in behavioral performance in cognitive tasks but it is unclear as to whether these effects involve selective attention or attentional control under conditions of distraction. Behavioral and event-related potential measures were used to examine the effects of nicotine on distractibility in 21 non-smokers who were instructed to ignore task-irrelevant auditory stimuli while they performed a visual discrimination task. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design, nicotine gum (6 mg) shortened overall reaction times but failed to prevent increased response slowing and errors caused by deviant sounds. Relative to placebo, nicotine did not modulate the early pre-attentive detection of deviants as reflected in the mismatch negativity but it attenuated the amplitude of the deviant-elicited P3a, an event-related potential component indexing the involuntary shifting of attention. Nicotine also enhanced attentional re-focusing back on to task-relevant stimuli following distraction as evidenced by an increased amplitude of the re-orienting negativity. These findings and the behavioral-electrophysiological dissociation seen with nicotine are discussed in relation to theories of attention and smoking motivation.
authors: Clinical Neuroelectrophysiological and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada. vknott@rohcg.on.ca
authors: Verner
authors: V
authors: Knott
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Heenan
authors: Dhrasti
authors: D
authors: Shah
authors: Kiley
authors: K
authors: Bolton
authors: Derek
authors: D
authors: Fisher
authors: Crystal
authors: C
authors: Villeneuve
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine