title: Importance of ROS and antioxidant system during the beneficial interactions of mitochondrial metabolism with photosynthetic carbon assimilation.
abstract: The present study suggests the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant metabolites as biochemical signals during the beneficial interactions of mitochondrial metabolism with photosynthetic carbon assimilation at saturating light and optimal CO2. Changes in steady-state photosynthesis of pea mesophyll protoplasts monitored in the presence of antimycin A [AA, inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase (COX) pathway] and salicylhydroxamic acid [SHAM, inhibitor of alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway] were correlated with total cellular ROS and its scavenging system. Along with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), responses of enzymatic components--ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and non-enzymatic redox components of ascorbate-glutathione (Asc-GSH) cycle, which play a significant role in scavenging cellular ROS, were examined in the presence of mitochondrial inhibitors. Both AA and SHAM caused marked reduction in photosynthetic carbon assimilation with concomitant rise in total cellular ROS. Restriction of electron transport through COX or AOX pathway had differential effect on ROS generating (SOD), ROS scavenging (CAT and APX) and antioxidant (Asc and GSH) regenerating (MDAR and GR) enzymes. Further, restriction of mitochondrial electron transport decreased redox ratios of both Asc and GSH. However, while decrease in redox ratio of Asc was more prominent in the presence of SHAM in light compared with dark, decrease in redox ratio of GSH was similar in both dark and light. These results suggest that the maintenance of cellular ROS at optimal levels is a prerequisite to sustain high photosynthetic rates which in turn is regulated by respiratory capacities of COX and AOX pathways.
authors: Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
authors: Challabathula
authors: C
authors: Dinakar
authors: Vishwakarma
authors: V
authors: Abhaypratap
authors: Srinivasa Rao
authors: SR
authors: Yearla
authors: Agepati S
authors: AS
authors: Raghavendra
authors: Kollipara
authors: K
authors: Padmasree
mesh_terms: D000968:Antimycin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000528:radiation effects; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000528:radiation effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012457:Salicylamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012457:Salicylamides; D000968:Antimycin A; D002244:Carbon; C005703:salicylhydroxamic acid