title: Proteasome inhibition represses ERalpha gene expression in ER+ cells: a new link between proteasome activity and estrogen signaling in breast cancer.
abstract: Estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) is a major therapeutic target of hormonal therapies in breast cancer, and its expression in tumors is predictive of clinical response. Protein levels of ERalpha are tightly controlled by the 26S proteasome; yet, how the clinical proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, affects ERalpha regulation has not been studied. Bortezomib selectively inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome. Unlike other laboratory proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib failed to stabilize ERalpha protein at a dose exceeding 90% inhibition of the chymotrypsin-like activity. Unexpectedly, however, chronic bortezomib exposure caused a reduction of ERalpha levels in multiple ER+ breast cancer cell lines. This response can be explained by the fact that bortezomib induced a dramatic decrease in ERalpha mRNA because of direct transcriptional inhibition and loss of RNA polymerase II recruitment on the ERalpha gene promoter. Bortezomib treatment resulted in promoter-specific changes in estrogen-induced gene transcription that related with occupancy of ERalpha and RNA polymerase II (PolII) on endogenous promoters. In addition, bortezomib inhibited estrogen-dependent growth in soft agar. These results reveal a novel link between proteasome activity and expression of ERalpha in breast cancer and uncover distinct roles of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome in the regulation of the ERalpha pathway.
authors: Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors: G L
authors: GL
authors: Powers
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Ellison-Zelski
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Casa
authors: A V
authors: AV
authors: Lee
authors: E T
authors: ET
authors: Alarid
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069286:Bortezomib; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001897:Boronic Acids; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; D000069286:Bortezomib; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D002918:Chymotrypsin; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex