title: Cervical access for filter-protected carotid artery stenting: a useful tool to reduce cerebral embolisation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Filter-protected transcervical carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been suggested to reduce the intraoperative cerebral embolisation observed during transfemoral CAS. We therefore evaluated clinical outcome and incidence of ischaemic lesions at diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) after transcervical and transfemoral CAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 2007 to May 2009, we performed filter-protected CAS in 135 patients with symptomatic (30%) or asymptomatic (70%) carotid stenosis above 70% and below 95%. In 44 patients with risky femoral access or unfavourable aortic arch anatomy, access to common carotid artery was achieved by a small cervical incision. In another 91 procedures we used a classic percutaneous femoral access. Preoperative and postoperative DW-MRI scans were obtained after 111 procedures (82%) - 35 transcervical and 76 transfemoral.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of clinical events (transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and stroke) was 2.3% after transcervical CAS and 19.8% after transfemoral CAS (P<0.01), without any deaths. DW-MRI disclosed new ischaemic lesions in five patients (5/35, 14.3%) after transcervical CAS and in 28 patients (28/76, 36.8%) after transfemoral CAS (P=0.015). All ischaemic lesions depicted after transcervical procedures were ipsilateral to the treated artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcervical filter-protected CAS, compared with classic percutaneous procedures, seems to reduce clinical events and DW-MRI ischaemic damage and may be useful in selected patients.
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University of Rome (Second Medical School), Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy. giovanni.palombo@tiscali.it
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Palombo
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Stella
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Faraglia
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Rizzo
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Fantozzi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Bozzao
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Taurino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome