title: Health assessment of artisanal gold miners in Tanzania.
abstract: In 2003 UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) conducted an environmental and health assessment in a small-scale mining area in Tanzania. BGS (British Geological Survey) performed the environmental assessment. The Institute of Forensic Medicine - University of Munich performed the health assessment. The results of the medical, neurological and neuro-psychological examination of 180 participants from the affected area of Rwamagasa and 31 controls were analyzed. Urine, blood and hair samples were analyzed to detect the level of mercury body burden. Mercury concentrations in the bio-monitors urine, blood and hair were statistically significantly higher in the exposed population from Rwamagasa compared to the control group from Katoro. Only amalgam burners showed mercury levels above the toxicological threshold limits. A speciation of mercury in hair indicated that mainly elemental mercury vapor contributed to the high body burden of the artisanal miners. 104 amalgam-burners, the most exposed population group, were examined. 25 of these workers were found to be intoxicated. Small-scale mining is a serious health hazard for amalgam burners. Reduction of the exposure is essential to prevent further damage.
authors: Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Eduard Wallnoefer Center I, A-6060 Hall i.T., Austria. stephan.boeseoreilly@umit.at
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Bose-O'Reilly
authors: Gustav
authors: G
authors: Drasch
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Beinhoff
authors: Aloyce
authors: A
authors: Tesha
authors: Katalin
authors: K
authors: Drasch
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Roider
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Taylor
authors: Don
authors: D
authors: Appleton
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Siebert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning*; D001822:Body Burden; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017669:Mercury Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning*; D008630:Mercury Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008906:Mining; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014202:Tremor / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D014835:Volatilization; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D017669:Mercury Compounds; D006046:Gold