title: Gadolinium-based contrast agents and NSF: evidence from animal experience.
abstract: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a potentially severe systemic disease typically characterized by fibrosis of the skin and connective tissues. The etiology of NSF is still unknown but is likely to be multifactorial. Specific triggers under scientific evaluation have included surgery and/or the occurrence of thrombosis or other vascular injury, proinflammatory state, the administration of high doses of erythropoietin, and more recently the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). The aim of this review is to summarize knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of NSF and the potential role of GBCAs in its pathology, with a focus on animal experiments. The potential role of complex stability of GCBAs will be highlighted by results from several in vitro and in vivo experiments in rodent models of NSF. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1268-1276. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors: Diagnostic Imaging Research, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany. martin.sieber@bayerhealthcare.com
authors: Martin A
authors: MA
authors: Sieber
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Steger-Hartmann
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Lengsfeld
authors: Hubertus
authors: H
authors: Pietsch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000639:trends; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D054989:Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium