title: Carrier-free immobilized enzymes for biocatalysis.
abstract: Methods for the preparation of carrier-free insoluble enzymes are reviewed. The technology of cross-linked enzyme aggregates has now been applied to a range of synthetically useful activities. Fusion proteins are also gaining momentum because they allow a relatively selective aggregation or even a specific self-assembly of the desired enzyme activity into insoluble particles in the absence of potentially denaturing chemicals required for precipitation and cross-linking. Recycling of insoluble protein particles for multiple rounds of batchwise reaction has been demonstrated in selected biotransformations. However, for application in a fully continuous biocatalytic process, low resistance to mechanical stress and high compressibility are issues for consideration on carrier-free enzyme particles.
authors: Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria.
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Roessl
authors: Jozef
authors: J
authors: Nahálka
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Nidetzky
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis / Q000187:drug effects; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004795:Enzyme Stability / Q000187:drug effects; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized