title: Identifying molecular markers for chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer: increased expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 kd is associated with intrinsic chemoresistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gemcitabine is the standard chemotherapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients is still poor. Evaluating the mechanisms of chemoresistance to gemcitabine will be helpful for the improvement of the therapeutic outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using 11 pancreatic cancer cell lines and global gene expression profiling, molecular markers were detected for acquired and intrinsic gemcitabine sensitivity. Acquired gemcitabine resistance in vitro was obtained by continual exposure to gradually increased concentrations of gemcitabine; however, intrinsic sensitivity is originally provided and differs between cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray analysis of intrinsic sensitivity showed no correlation to that of acquired resistance. Fifteen overexpressed and 49 downexpressed genes in accordance with intrinsic gemcitabine resistance were identified, and we selected those highly expressed in resected pancreatic cancer tissue. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), which plays a role in cellular defense from infection and carcinogenesis, was identified as the gene related to gemcitabine chemosensitivity. By inhibition of ISG15 in gemcitabine-resistant cell lines using siRNA, gemcitabine resistance was reversed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was demonstrated that ISG15 is one of the genes associated with intrinsic gemcitabine sensitivity, having a possibility to be a candidate of molecular targeting for the improvement of chemotherapy against pancreatic cancer.
authors: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors: Shinomi
authors: S
authors: Ina
authors: Seiko
authors: S
authors: Hirono
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Noda
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Yamaue
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines; D014452:Ubiquitins; D003841:Deoxycytidine; C074034:ISG15 protein, human; D000093542:Gemcitabine