title: Do robotic and non-robotic arm movement training drive motor recovery after stroke by a common neural mechanism? Experimental evidence and a computational model.
abstract: Different dose-matched, upper extremity rehabilitation training techniques, including robotic and non-robotic techniques, can result in similar improvement in movement ability after stroke, suggesting they may elicit a common drive for recovery. Here we report experimental results that support the hypothesis of a common drive, and develop a computational model of a putative neural mechanism for the common drive. We compared weekly motor control recovery during robotic and unassisted movement training techniques after chronic stroke (n = 27), as assessed with quantitative measures of strength, speed, and coordination. The results showed that recovery in both groups followed an exponential time course with a time constant of about 4-5 weeks. Despite the greater range and speed of movement practiced by the robot group, motor recovery was very similar between the groups. The premise of the computational model is that improvements in motor control are caused by improvements in the ability to activate spared portions of the damaged corticospinal system, as learned by a biologically plausible search algorithm. Robot-assisted and unassisted training would in theory equally drive this search process.
authors: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Reinkensmeyer
authors: Marc A
authors: MA
authors: Maier
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Guigon
authors: Vicky
authors: V
authors: Chan
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Akoner
authors: Eric T
authors: ET
authors: Wolbrecht
authors: Steven C
authors: SC
authors: Cramer
authors: James E
authors: JE
authors: Bobrow
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001698:Biomedical Engineering / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009048:Motor Skills; D009068:Movement; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012371:Robotics; D012984:Software; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors