title: A clinical study of motor imagery-based brain-computer interface for upper limb robotic rehabilitation.
abstract: Non-invasive EEG-based motor imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) holds promise to effectively restore motor control to stroke survivors. This clinical study investigates the effects of MI-BCI for upper limb robotic rehabilitation compared to standard robotic rehabilitation. The subjects are hemiparetic stroke patients with mean age of 50.2 and baseline Fugl-Meyer (FM) score 29.7 (out of 66, higher = better) randomly assigned to each group respectively (N = 8 and 10). Each subject underwent 12 sessions of 1-hour rehabilitation for 4 weeks. Significant gains in FM scores were observed in both groups at post-rehabilitation (4.9, p = 0.001) and 2-month post-rehabilitation (4.9, p = 0.002). The experimental group yielded higher 2-month post-rehabilitation gain than the control (6.0 versus 4.0) but no significance was found (p = 0.475). However, among subjects with positive gain (N = 6 and 7), the initial difference of 2.8 between the two groups was increased to a significant 6.5 (p = 0.019) after adjustment for age and gender. Hence this study provides evidence that BCI-driven robotic rehabilitation is effective in restoring motor control for stroke.
authors: Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 21 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore. kkang@i2r.astar.edu.sg
authors: Kai Keng
authors: KK
authors: Ang
authors: Cuntai
authors: C
authors: Guan
authors: Karen Sui Geok
authors: KS
authors: Chua
authors: Beng Ti
authors: BT
authors: Ang
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Kuah
authors: Chuanchu
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Kok Soon
authors: KS
authors: Phua
authors: Zheng Yang
authors: ZY
authors: Chin
authors: Haihong
authors: H
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000295:instrumentation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009068:Movement; D010291:Paresis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014584:User-Computer Interface