title: Early-onset arthritis in retired National Football League players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injury has been identified as a potential risk factor for osteoarthritis. However, no previous study has addressed playing-career injuries and subsequent osteoarthritis in a large sample of former athletes. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and determinants of arthritis and osteoarthritis in retired professional football players.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported arthritis prevalence and retrospectively-recalled injury history were examined in a cross-sectional survey of 2,538 retired football players.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Football players reported a high incidence of injury from their professional playing days (52.8% reported knee injuries, 74.1% reported ligament/tendon injuries, and 14.2% reported anterior cruciate ligament tears). For those under 60 years, 40.6% of retired NFL players reported arthritis, compared with 11.7% of U.S. males (prevalence ratio = 3.5, 95% CI: 3.3 to 3.7). Within the retired NFL player cohort, osteoarthritis was more prevalent in those with a history of knee injury (prevalence ratio = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.5 to 1.9) and ligament/tendon injury (prevalence ratio = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4 to 1.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In males under the age of 60, arthritis is over 3 times more prevalent in retired NFL players than in the general U.S. population. This excess of early-onset arthritis may be due to the high incidence of injury in football.
authors: Dept of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
authors: Yvonne M
authors: YM
authors: Golightly
authors: Stephen W
authors: SW
authors: Marshall
authors: Leigh F
authors: LF
authors: Callahan
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Guskiewicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001168:Arthritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D056352:Athletes; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005538:Football; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications*