title: Intracranial hemorrhage in acute and chronic childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura over a ten-year period: an Egyptian multicenter study.
abstract: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare but major cause of death in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The authors reviewed data of 1,840 patient with ITP, from 5 pediatric hematology centers in Egypt from 1997 to 2007, to study the incidence and risk factors of ICH. Ten cases of ICH were identified with a median age at presentation of 7.5 years; 4 patients had acute ITP, 2 persistent and 4 chronic. The platelet count was <10 x 10(9)/l in 7 cases, and only 1 patient had a history of head trauma. Seven children were on treatment prior to or at the time of occurrence of ICH and all were treated by pharmacotherapy. Two children died shortly afterwards due to late referral to a specialized center. Our results suggest that treatment does not prevent ICH and that it can occur at any time during the course of the disease. Delayed referral can be considered a risk factor for unfavorable outcome of ICH, highlighting the importance of teaching sessions for patients and their parents to minimize subsequent morbidity and mortality of ICH in children with ITP.
authors: Department of Paediatric Haematology, Ain Shams University Cairo, 2 Sayed Zakaria Khalil, Morbah 1153, No 2 Elalfy, Cairo, Egypt. elalfym@hotmail.com
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: Elalfy
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Elbarbary
authors: Normine
authors: N
authors: Khaddah
authors: Magy
authors: M
authors: Abdelwahab
authors: Farida
authors: F
authors: El Rashidy
authors: Hoda
authors: H
authors: Hassab
authors: Youssef
authors: Y
authors: Al-Tonbary
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D010976:Platelet Count; D016553:Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors