title: Serum ADMA concentration-- an independent factor determining FMD impairment in cardiac syndrome X.
abstract: Mechanisms of decreased endogenous vascular reactivity in individuals with cardiac syndrome X (CSX) are not fully understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the following serum markers: total nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and to establish their relation to ultrasound indexes of endothelial function and structural remodeling in CSX patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 43 CSX patients (mean age: 56.3 +/- 9 years), while the control group included 21 healthy subjects (mean age: 54.86 +/- 6.9 years). The high-resolution ultrasound was performed to measure: flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD), nitroglycerine-mediated vasodilatation (NMD) and intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In CSX patients, significantly lower FMD (9.06 +/- 3.2%) and significantly higher IMT (0.667 +/- 0.14 mm) values were observed compared to healthy individuals (17.42 +/- 8.4%, 0.571 +/- 0.2 mm; P < 0.05). Mean total NO serum concentration was significantly higher in the CSX group (48.2 +/- 18.2 micromol/L) as compared to controls (32.1 +/- 1.4 micromol/L; P < 0.0001). There were no differences in serum ADMA and PDGF levels. In CSX patients, FMD values correlated with NO (r = 0.323; P = 0.039) and ADMA (r = -0.387; P = 0.012) serum levels; however, there were no significant correlations between NO and ADMA concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum ADMA concentration is the only independent factor determining FMD impairment.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. mhaberka@op.pl
authors: Maciej
authors: M
authors: Haberka
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Mizia-Stec
authors: Zbigniew
authors: Z
authors: Gasior
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Mizia
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Janowska
authors: Michał
authors: M
authors: Holecki
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Zahorska-Markiewicz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine; D005996:Nitroglycerin