title: Shock wave therapy effectively attenuates inflammation in rat carotid artery following endothelial denudation by balloon catheter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigates the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave (ECSW) in ameliorating inflammatory mediator expression and neointimal formation in a rat model of vascular injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats with left carotid artery (LCA) injury induced by balloon dilatation (BD; group 1) were compared with group 2 [LCA injury plus ECSW-181 (defined as 181 total shocks given in LCA at 0.011 mJ/mm(2)) on day 2 post-LCA injury], and group 3 (normal controls). The rats in each group were further divided into 3 subgroups (n = 6, each) that were sacrificed on postoperative day 3, 7 and 14, respectively. The results demonstrated that, compared to groups 2 and 3, group 1 had significantly increased cellular expression of CD40, interleukin-18, and connexin 43 at each analyzed time point (all p < 0.001). Additionally, LCCA macrophage (CD68) recruitment was substantially increased in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3 (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, LCA neointimal proliferation and media thickness were markedly higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 on days 7 and 14 post-BD (all p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECSW markedly attenuates inflammatory responses, proliferation of neointima and smooth muscle cells in a rat vascular injury model.
authors: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Pei-Lin
authors: PL
authors: Shao
authors: Chaw-Chi
authors: CC
authors: Chiu
authors: Chun-Man
authors: CM
authors: Yuen
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Chua
authors: Li-Teh
authors: LT
authors: Chang
authors: Jiunn-Jye
authors: JJ
authors: Sheu
authors: Cheuk-Kwan
authors: CK
authors: Sun
authors: Chiung-Jen
authors: CJ
authors: Wu
authors: Ching-Jen
authors: CJ
authors: Wang
authors: Hon-Kan
authors: HK
authors: Yip
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000502:physiology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019013:CD40 Antigens; D018031:Connexin 43; D020382:Interleukin-18; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III