title: Poly(adenylic acid) complementary DNA real-time polymerase chain reaction in pancreatic ductal juice in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a need to develop methods of early diagnosis for pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic juice is easily collected by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and may facilitate diagnosis using molecular markers. The aim of this work was to explore the feasibility of measurement of gene expression in RNA isolated from ductal juice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraoperative sampling of pancreatic juice was undertaken in 27 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for suspected tumor. Total RNA was extracted and used as template for poly(adenylic acid) (poly[A]) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to generate a globally amplified complementary DNA pool representative of all expressed messenger RNAs. Real-time PCR was performed for trefoil factor 2 (TFF2), carboxypeptidase B1 (CPB1), and kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3) in a subset of samples; all samples were normalized for 3 reference genes (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], PSMB6, and beta-2-microglobulin [B2M]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median volume of the pancreatic juice obtained was 1245 microL (range, 50-5000 microL). The RNA integrity number ranged from 1.9 to 10. Reverse transcriptase PCR was positive for pancreas-specific genes (TFF2 and CPB1) and negative for prostatic-specific antigen in all samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that RNA analysis of pancreatic juice is feasible using a combination of poly(A) PCR and real-time PCR. In addition, the poly(A) complementary DNA generated can be probed for multiple genes and is indefinitely renewable, thereby representing a molecular block of importance for future research.
authors: Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK. Melissa.oliveiracunha@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Oliveira-Cunha
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Byers
authors: Ajith K
authors: AK
authors: Siriwardena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D043424:Carboxypeptidase B / Q000235:genetics; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010189:Pancreatic Juice / Q000737:chemistry*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2
chemical_list: C058173:CPB1 protein, human; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000604007:TFF2 protein, human; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D043424:Carboxypeptidase B; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen