title: In vitro and in vivo rationale for the triple combination of panobinostat (LBH589) and dexamethasone with either bortezomib or lenalidomide in multiple myeloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combinations of drug treatments based on bortezomib or lenalidomide plus steroids have resulted in very high response rates in multiple myeloma. However, most patients still relapse, indicating the need for novel combination partners to increase duration of response or to treat relapsed disease. We explored the antimyeloma activity of triple combinations of these well-established schemes with panobinostat, a novel deacetylase inhibitor with a multi-targeted profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  The activity of these combinations was explored in vitro in cell lines by using MTT and annex-in V, ex vivo by flow cytometry, and in vivo using two different murine models of human myeloma: one bearing a subcutaneous plasmacytoma and another with a disseminated myeloma. Moreover, gene expression profiling and immunohistochemical studies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The addition of panobinostat (LBH589) to dexamethasone and either bortezomib or lenalidomide resulted in clear potentiation in multiple myeloma cell lines, freshly isolated plasma cells, and murine models of multiple myeloma. The quantification of the potency of these combinations by using the Chou-Talalay method showed synergistic combination indices for all of them. This effect derived from the deregulation of a cluster of genes that was completely different from the sum of genes affected by the single agents (895 and 1323 genes exclusively deregulated by panobinostat and dexamethasone plus bortezomib or lenalidomide, respectively). Functional experiments, such as annexin V staining, cell cycle analysis, and immunohistochemical studies also supported this potentiation. Anti-myeloma efficacy was confirmed in an extramedullary plasmacytoma model and a disseminated luciferized model, in which panobinostat also provided a marked benefit in bone disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potent activity, together with the exclusive mechanistic profile, provides the rationale for the clinical evaluation of these drug combinations in multiple myeloma.
authors: Department of Hematology, University Hospital & Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca P San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. emocio@usal.es
authors: Enrique M
authors: EM
authors: Ocio
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Vilanova
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Atadja
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Maiso
authors: Edvan
authors: E
authors: Crusoe
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Fernández-Lázaro
authors: Mercedes
authors: M
authors: Garayoa
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: San-Segundo
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Hernández-Iglesias
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: de Alava
authors: Wenlin
authors: W
authors: Shao
authors: Yung-Mae
authors: YM
authors: Yao
authors: Atanasio
authors: A
authors: Pandiella
authors: Jesús F
authors: JF
authors: San-Miguel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000069286:Bortezomib; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007211:Indoles; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D000077767:Panobinostat; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011897:Random Allocation; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D001897:Boronic Acids; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D007211:Indoles; D011719:Pyrazines; D013792:Thalidomide; D000069286:Bortezomib; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000077767:Panobinostat; D000077269:Lenalidomide