title: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy with a "cooled-tip needle" for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent to the gallbladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Curative percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy is difficult or contraindicated in patients with tumors adjacent to the gallbladder because of the associated risk of injury. To date, no clinical data have been published regarding the effects and safety of percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy on tumors that are adjacent to the gallbladder.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the efficacy and safety of a combined treatment involving laparoscopic cholecystectomy and subsequent percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent to the gallbladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients with hepatocellular carcinoma nodules (of less than 5 cm diameter) and adjacent to the gallbladder were treated by percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy with a "cooled-tip needle" after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated with enhanced helical computed tomography and sonography, and the rates of complete necrosis as well as postoperative complications were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the patients exhibited complete necrosis of their tumor lesions after treatment with percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy. During the follow-up period (which lasted more than 21 months), 22 of 23 patients were alive. Recurrent nodules appeared in other subsegments, but not at the original site treated with percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy. Of note, no fatal complications were observed in any of the patients treated with percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that combined treatment comprising both laparoscopic cholecystectomy and subsequent percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy is an effective and safe approach for patients with small (<5 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas that are adjacent to the gallbladder.
authors: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. panweidong6869@gmail.com
authors: Wei-Dong
authors: WD
authors: Pan
authors: Rong-Qin
authors: RQ
authors: Zheng
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Nan
authors: He-Ping
authors: HP
authors: Fang
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Liu
authors: Zhao-Feng
authors: ZF
authors: Tang
authors: Mei-Hai
authors: MH
authors: Deng
authors: Rui-Yun
authors: RY
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D013997:Time Factors; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional