title: Impact of inactivity and exercise on the vasculature in humans.
abstract: The effects of inactivity and exercise training on established and novel cardiovascular risk factors are relatively modest and do not account for the impact of inactivity and exercise on vascular risk. We examine evidence that inactivity and exercise have direct effects on both vasculature function and structure in humans. Physical deconditioning is associated with enhanced vasoconstrictor tone and has profound and rapid effects on arterial remodelling in both large and smaller arteries. Evidence for an effect of deconditioning on vasodilator function is less consistent. Studies of the impact of exercise training suggest that both functional and structural remodelling adaptations occur and that the magnitude and time-course of these changes depends upon training duration and intensity and the vessel beds involved. Inactivity and exercise have direct "vascular deconditioning and conditioning" effects which likely modify cardiovascular risk.
authors: Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Henry Cotton Campus, 15-21 Webster Street, Liverpool, L3 2ET, UK. d.thijssen@fysiol.umcn.nl
authors: Dick H J
authors: DH
authors: Thijssen
authors: Andrew J
authors: AJ
authors: Maiorana
authors: Gerry
authors: G
authors: O'Driscoll
authors: Nigel T
authors: NT
authors: Cable
authors: Maria T E
authors: MT
authors: Hopman
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Green
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology