Development of alternative plant vitrification solutions in droplet-vitrification procedures.
This study aimed at developing alternative vitrification solutions, modified either from the original PVS2 vitrification solution by increasing glycerol and sucrose and/or decreasing dimethylsulfoxide and ethylene glycol concentration, or from the original PVS3 vitrification solution by decreasing glycerol and sucrose concentration. The application of these vitrification solutions to two model species, i.e. garlic and chrysanthemum in a droplet-vitrification procedure, revealed that PVS3 and variants were superior to PVS2 and variants and that most PVS2 variants were comparable to the original PVS2. Both species were sensitive to chemical toxicity of permeating cryoprotectants and chrysanthemum was also sensitive to osmotic stress. The lower recovery of cryopreserved garlic shoot apices dehydrated with PVS2 and variants compared with those dehydrated with PVS3 and variants seemed attributed to cytotoxicity of the vitrification solutions tested as well as to insufficient protection against freezing injury. Chrysanthemum shoot tips were very sensitive to both chemical toxicity and osmotic stress and therefore, induction of cytotoxity tolerance during preconditioning was required for successful cryopreservation. The present study revealed that some of the PVS2 variants tested which have increased glycerol and sucrose and/or decreased dimethylsulfoxide and ethylene glycol concentration can be applied when explants are of medium size, tolerant to chemical toxicity and moderately sensitive to osmotic stress. PVS3 and variants can be used widely when samples are heterogeneous, of large size and/or very sensitive to chemical toxicity and tolerant to osmotic stress.
Kim
Haeng-Hoon
HH
National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea. hkim@rda.go.kr.
Lee
Yoon-Geol
YG
Shin
Dong-Jin
DJ
Ko
Ho-Cheol
HC
Gwag
Jae-Gyun
JG
Cho
Eun-Gi
EG
Engelmann
Florent
F
D031202:Chrysanthemum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005737:Garlic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009995:Osmosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology
D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D013395:Sucrose; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005990:Glycerol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide