title: Serial postural and motor assessment of Fetal Akinesia Deformation Sequence (FADS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fetal Akinesia Deformation Sequence (FADS) is a rare, in most cases autosomal recessive, disorder. Its heterogeneous origin results in variable onset and expression of motor and postural anomalies. DNA-diagnostic possibilities are limited, thus prenatal diagnosis is chiefly dependent on sonographic examinations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore postural and motor development from a systematic sonographic protocol for fetuses at high risk for FADS. Specific questions are: which motor (i.e., specific movement patterns, quality and quantity of general movements) and postural aspects are most informative about emerging FADS and is the gestational age of onset range of FADS more limited for siblings?
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten families underwent 45, 15-minute sonographic assessments for motility and posture for ten index fetuses with FADS and nine subsequent pregnancies from five families.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FADS was diagnosed between 18 and 33 weeks gestation in ten index pregnancies and between 11 and 18 weeks gestation in 4/9 subsequent pregnancies, 1-12 weeks earlier than their index pregnancies. From the four assessment aspects, posture and movement quality were always abnormal, movement quantity in 7/14 and differentiation into specific movement patterns were reduced in comparison with healthy siblings (p<0.01). Deterioration occurred in a 2 week period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serial postural and qualitative assessments were most informative diagnosing FADS. Quantity and differentiation into specific movement patterns contributed substantially. Onset range of FADS within siblings was suggested to be more limited than between families.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute MOVE, VU university medical center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Mariëlle E
authors: ME
authors: Donker
authors: Belinda H W
authors: BH
authors: Eijckelhof
authors: Gita M B
authors: GM
authors: Tan
authors: Johanna I P
authors: JI
authors: de Vries
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005324:Fetal Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D006831:Polyhydramnios / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods