title: Risk indicators for signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the risk indicators for signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) in children between 4 and 12 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred six patients were assessed for the following variables: (1) signs and symptoms of TMD (deviation when opening mouth, joint noises, limitation of movement, pain in the mandible or during movement), (2) dentition and occlusal abnormalities, and 3) habits (pacifier sucking, nonnutritive sucking, finger sucking, nail biting, and teeth grinding (bruxing). Multivariate logistic regression was performed with the level of significance set at P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of at least one sign or symptom of TMD in the present sample was 12.26% (n = 13). Only bruxing (P = 0.01, odds ratio 6.08, CI 1.51-24.51) and posterior crossbite (P = 0.03, odds ratio 5.74, CI, 1.18-27.85) achieved statistical significance in the multivariate regression model and were considered risk indicators for signs and symptoms of TMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with bruxing or clenching habits and those with posterior crossbite have a greater likelihood of developing signs and symptoms of TMD.
authors: Centro Universitário de Lavras, Unilavras, MG, Brazil. lucianojosepereira@yahoo.com.br
authors: Luciano José
authors: LJ
authors: Pereira
authors: Rodrigo Campos
authors: RC
authors: Costa
authors: Julieta Petruceli
authors: JP
authors: França
authors: Stela Márcia
authors: SM
authors: Pereira
authors: Paula Midori
authors: PM
authors: Castelo
mesh_terms: D002012:Bruxism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005386:Fingersucking; D005544:Forecasting; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012307:Risk Factors; D013016:Sound; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology