title: The roles of neoadjuvant radiotherapy and lymphadenectomy in the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using a population-based registry, we evaluated the impact of neoadjuvant radiotherapy and lymphadenectomy on survival of patients undergoing curative-intent surgery for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data for patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma from 1988 to 2005 were queried. Patients undergoing curative operations were included. Treatment was stratified between no radiotherapy, neoadjuvant versus adjuvant radiotherapy, and adequate (> or = 18 lymph nodes) versus inadequate (<18 lymph nodes) lymphadenectomy. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine median survival (MST) and cause-specific survival (CSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 4,224 patients underwent surgical extirpation with curative intent for EAC in the study period. MST and CSS for the entire cohort were 25 and 31 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed age <65 years, well-differentiated tumor, local disease, negative lymph node status, adequate lymphadenectomy, and neoadjuvant radiotherapy to be independent predictors of improved survival. In node-positive patients, the greatest survival benefit was seen in patients who received both neoadjuvant radiotherapy and adequate lymphadenectomy (MST = 32 months, CSS = 34 months). The lymph node ratio (LNR) for adequately dissected patients treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy was 0.17, which is <0.2, the established LNR cutoff that is an independent predictor of improved survival. The survival benefit of neoadjuvant treatment is additive to that of adequate lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a cooperative survival benefit for neoadjuvant radiation and adequate lymphadenectomy in patients with node-positive EAC. Both are independent predictors of improved survival. Patients who have clinically node-positive disease should undergo both neoadjuvant radiation and adequate lymphadenectomy to ensure optimal outcome.
authors: DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Naveenraj
authors: N
authors: Solomon
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Zhuge
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Cheung
authors: Dido
authors: D
authors: Franceschi
authors: Leonidas G
authors: LG
authors: Koniaris
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D018426:SEER Program; D015996:Survival Rate