title: The orthotopic Fischer/AY-27 rat bladder urothelial cell carcinoma model to test the efficacy of different apaziquone formulations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Apaziquone used intravesically showed significant activity in phase I and II marker lesion studies in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The objective of this study was to assess antitumor activity and safety of 3 different formulations of intravesical apaziquone in an orthotopic rat bladder cancer model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Fischer F344 rats were instilled with 1.5 × 10(6) AY-27 urothelial cell carcinoma cells and divided in 3 treatment groups (n = 10) and 1 placebo group (n = 6). Intravesical treatment was administered for 1 hour on days 2 and 5. Rats were treated with apaziquone in the formulation used in phase I/II clinical trials (group 1); apaziquone with an altered buffering capacity being used in phase III clinical trials (group 2), and apaziquone as in group 2, but without propylene glycol in the diluent (group 3). On days 5 and 14, the bladder wall was inspected by cystoscopy and evaluated for macroscopic tumor growth. After sacrificing the rats (day 14), cystectomy was performed and the bladders were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no signs of any toxicity due to the study drug. On histopathologic examination of the bladders 0, 1, and 2 tumors per group were found in group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the placebo-treated group, 60% of animals developed tumor, which is comparable to untreated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apaziquone showed an excellent antitumor activity. The effectiveness of apaziquone in this orthotopic rat bladder tumor model corroborates the clinical observations and implies the validity of this model.
authors: Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Harm C
authors: HC
authors: Arentsen
authors: Kees
authors: K
authors: Hendricksen
authors: Christina A
authors: CA
authors: Hulsbergen-van de Kaa
authors: Guru
authors: G
authors: Reddy
authors: Egbert
authors: E
authors: Oosterwijk
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Alfred Witjes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001388:Aziridines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D045563:Indolequinones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001388:Aziridines; D045563:Indolequinones; C060817:apaziquone