title: Functional modulation of satellite cells in long-term denervated human laryngeal muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of long-term denervation on satellite cells (SCs) as myogenic stem cells in human posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histological investigation of SCs and quantitative assessment of myoD and myogenin, which are two key myogenic regulatory factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the course of denervation, denervated PCA muscles of 58 patients who suffered from traumatic unilateral vocal cord paralysis were divided into four groups: group A (6-12 months, 15 cases), group B (13-24 months, 17 cases), group C (25-36 months, 14 cases), and group D (more than 36 months, 12 cases). Normal PCA muscles (12 cases) were used as a control group. Immunofluorescence labeling was used to visualize the SCs. Transcription and protein expression levels of myoD and myogenin were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blots, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MyoD- and myogenin-positive cells and embryonic myosin heavy chain-positive myofibers were detected in group A and most of the samples of group B. Transcription levels of myoD and myogenin were highly upregulated in groups A and B, whereas groups C and D showed no significant difference as compared to control. Protein expression levels of myoD and myogenin peaked in group A, which was significantly different than group B. In contrast, no expression was observed in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activated SCs contribute to regenerative myogenesis in denervated laryngeal muscles through compensatory mechanisms. Laryngeal muscles exhibit persistent regenerative potential from the viewpoint of muscle SCs after less than 2 years of denervation.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Donghui
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Shicai
authors: Wang
authors: W
authors: Wei
authors: Liu
authors: L
authors: Fei
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Jianjun
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Gang
authors: Zheng
authors: Z
authors: Hongliang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018008:Myogenin / Q000378:metabolism; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D051763:PAX7 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D061226:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries; D032496:Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017570:MyoD Protein; D018008:Myogenin; D051763:PAX7 Transcription Factor; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains