title: The most frequent DCLRE1C (ARTEMIS) mutations are based on homologous recombination events.
abstract: The nuclease ARTEMIS is an essential factor of V(D)J recombination during lymphocyte development and in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) by the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. Patients with mutations in the DCLRE1C gene, which encodes ARTEMIS, suffer from radiosensitive B(-/low) T(-/low) severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) or radiosensitive Omenn syndrome. To date, causative DCLRE1C mutations inherited as a recessive trait have been reported in 49 patients. In this study, molecular diagnoses of 29 novel patients presenting with the phenotype of B(-/low) SCID revealed mutations in the DCLRE1C gene. In total, 13 different mutated DCLRE1C alleles were detected, nine of which have not been described before. By far the most frequent mutations (59%) were gross deletions of exons 1-3 or exons 1-4 due to a homologous recombination of the wild-type DCLRE1C gene with a pseudo-DCLRE1C gene located 61.2 kb 5' to the DCLRE1C start codon. Fine mapping of the recombination intervals revealed private mutations in most cases. MEIG1, a gene encoding a protein that is essential for spermatogenesis in mice, is lost by the gross deletions. Functional analyses on patients' fibroblasts demonstrated that the corresponding alleles carry null mutations of the DCLRE1C gene.
authors: Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Pannicke
authors: Manfred
authors: M
authors: Hönig
authors: Ilka
authors: I
authors: Schulze
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Rohr
authors: Gitta A
authors: GA
authors: Heinz
authors: Sylvia
authors: S
authors: Braun
authors: Ingrid
authors: I
authors: Janz
authors: Eva-Maria
authors: EM
authors: Rump
authors: Markus G
authors: MG
authors: Seidel
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Matthes-Martin
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Soerensen
authors: Johann
authors: J
authors: Greil
authors: Daniel K
authors: DK
authors: Stachel
authors: Bernd H
authors: BH
authors: Belohradsky
authors: Michael H
authors: MH
authors: Albert
authors: Ansgar
authors: A
authors: Schulz
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Ehl
authors: Wilhelm
authors: W
authors: Friedrich
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D001681:Biological Assay; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004720:Endonucleases; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics; D016511:Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / Q000235:genetics; D050441:VDJ Exons / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C426344:DCLRE1C protein, human; D004720:Endonucleases