title: Ribosome-associated nucleophosmin 1: increased expression and shuttling activity distinguishes prognostic subtypes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
abstract: Two distinct groups of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) are distinguished by the presence or absence of somatic hypermutation of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene. CLL without somatic hypermutation has an adverse outcome, but the precise biological differences that underlie this more aggressive clinical-course are unclear. Using a proteomic approach, we found that the two prognostic forms of CLL were consistently distinguished according to their protein expression pattern. The most important difference observed related to the different expression of nucleophosmin 1 between the two forms of CLL. This different expression was not related to apoptosis, proliferation or gene mutation. However, co-immunoprecipitation experiments identified an association between nucleophosmin 1 and ribosomal proteins. Using immunocytofluorescence, nucleophosmin 1 expression was identified in the nucleoli and nucleoplasm of all cells, but in a proportion of cells, nucleophosmin had been transferred from the nucleoplasm to the cytoplasm. Both the fluorescent intensity, and the frequency of cytoplasmic nucleophosmin 1 expression, was higher in CLL without somatic hypermutation. We propose therefore, that nucleophosmin 1, in association with ribosomal proteins, undergoes nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling in CLL. This process is most prominent in un-mutated CLL and may signify altered protein biosynthesis.
authors: School of Cancer & Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
authors: Karen S
authors: KS
authors: Rees-Unwin
authors: Robin
authors: R
authors: Faragher
authors: Richard D
authors: RD
authors: Unwin
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Adams
authors: Philip J
authors: PJ
authors: Brown
authors: Ann-Marie
authors: AM
authors: Buckle
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Pettitt
authors: Claire V
authors: CV
authors: Hutchinson
authors: Suzanne M
authors: SM
authors: Johnson
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Pulford
authors: Alison H
authors: AH
authors: Banham
authors: Anthony D
authors: AD
authors: Whetton
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Lucas
authors: David Y
authors: DY
authors: Mason
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Burthem
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D011379:Prognosis; D027041:Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C000716967:NPM1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000090243:Nucleophosmin