The management of pre-hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
The new guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension introduce the new concept of "pre-hypertension", that comprises those individuals who have either systolic blood pressure (BP) of 120-139 mmHg or diastolic BP of 80-89 mmHg. The Committee recommended the identification of these individuals as they are at increased risk for progression to hypertension and subsequently other cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a constellation of CVD risk factors, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated BP, impaired glucose regulation, and abdominal obesity. Compared to those without MS, individuals with MS have a 61% increased risk of CVD. The aim of the review was explain the "real" relationship between these two clinical conditions describing the pathogenic mechanisms that put them in correlation. These findings may also offer compelling evidence for screening and early detection in vulnerable groups predisposed to CVD. Randomized intervention studies are needed to quantify the extent of any potential benefit of therapy among individuals with BP levels usually considered normal.
Rossi
R
R
Institute of Cardiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. rosario.rossi@unimore.it
Nuzzo
A
A
Modena
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MG
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D003971:Diastole; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D004813:Epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017566:Microvascular Angina; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole