title: Enhancing polyphenol extraction from unripe apples by carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes.
abstract: The effects of process variables such as enzyme types, enzyme ratio, reaction temperature, pH, time, and ethanol concentration on the extraction of unripe apple polyphenol were investigated. The results indicated that Viscozyme L had the strongest effect on polyphenols extraction and was selected to study the polyphenol composition. The ratio of enzyme (Viscozyme L) to substrate (2 fungal beta-glucanase units (FBG)) at 0.02, reaction at pH 3.7, 50 degrees C for 12 h, and ethanol concentration of 70% were chosen as the most favorable extraction condition. Total phenolic content (TPC), reducing sugar content (RSC), and extraction yield increased by about 3, 1.5, and 2 times, respectively, compared with control. The contents of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid increased to 8, 4, and 32 times, respectively. The enzyme-aided polyphenol extraction process from unripe apples might be applied to food industry for enhancing bioactive compound production.
authors: Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
authors: Hu-zhe
authors: HZ
authors: Zheng
authors: In-Wook
authors: IW
authors: Hwang
authors: Shin-Kyo
authors: SK
authors: Chung
mesh_terms: D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D027845:Malus / Q000201:enzymology*; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols; D011422:Propionates; D011485:Protein Binding; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D005936:Glucans; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D011422:Propionates; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D019800:Phenol; D000431:Ethanol; C004999:ferulic acid; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C495469:p-coumaric acid; C040048:caffeic acid