title: [Screening for diabetic retinopathy using a three-field digital nonmydriatic fundus camera in the North of France].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate screening for diabetic retinopathy, using three-field nonmydriatic fundus photography, combined with telemedicine, in two hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients from the Endocrinology Department of Saint Philibert Hospital were screened consecutively from March 2007 to September 2008. Three 45 degrees digital images per eye examination were taken using a nonmydriatic fundus camera and sent by intranet to the Department of Ophthalmology of Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital for grading by two ophthalmologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1147 patients (52% males, 48% females) were screened. The mean age was 60 years (range, 19-92 years). Most patients had type 2 diabetes (n=1000; 90%). The mean HbA1c was 8%. Microalbuminuria was detected in 239 patients (20.8%). Of these 1147 patients, 521 (45%) said they had never had a fundus examination before. Fundus photography of at least one eye could not be graded in 160 patients (14%). Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 187 patients (19%). Suspected macular edema (hard exudates within one disc diameter of the macular center) was found in 38 patients (3.8%). Referral to an ophthalmologist was required in 347 patients (30%) for diabetic retinopathy and unreadable photographs. During the period of the study, 107 patients had both three-field nonmydriatic photography and dilated funduscopy, which was used as reference. Agreement between the two readers was 0.97.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonmydriatic photography combined with telemedicine is useful for screening for diabetic retinopathy and identifies patients requiring further complete eye examination. Good collaboration between the two centers is required to improve the follow-up after screening in the future.
authors: Service d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Groupe hospitalier de l'institut catholique de Lille, Boulevard Belfort, Lille Cedex. tran.hachau@ghicl.net
authors: T H C
authors: TH
authors: Tran
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Rahmoun
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Hui Bon Hoa
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Denimal
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Delecourt
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Jean Jean
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Forzy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017216:Telemedicine; D055815:Young Adult