title: Recent advances in charge balancing for functional electrical stimulation.
abstract: Charge balancing is a major concern in functional electrical stimulation, since any excess charge accumulation over time leads to electrolysis with electrode dissolution and tissue destruction. Its major function is to ensure that the mean value of electrode voltage is kept within a safe level. However, it serves as a failure protection as well. This paper presents an overview on recent advances in this field, both passive and active (closed-loop) charge balancing techniques.
authors: Institute of Microelectronics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. kriangkrai.sooksood@uni-ulm.de
authors: Kriangkrai
authors: K
authors: Sooksood
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Stieglitz
authors: Maurits
authors: M
authors: Ortmanns
mesh_terms: D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000639:trends*; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000639:trends*; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000639:trends; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055672:Static Electricity