Two different forms of arousal in Drosophila are oppositely regulated by the dopamine D1 receptor ortholog DopR via distinct neural circuits.
Arousal is fundamental to many behaviors, but whether it is unitary or whether there are different types of behavior-specific arousal has not been clear. In Drosophila, dopamine promotes sleep-wake arousal. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding its influence on environmentally stimulated arousal. Here we show that loss-of-function mutations in the D1 dopamine receptor DopR enhance repetitive startle-induced arousal while decreasing sleep-wake arousal (i.e., increasing sleep). These two types of arousal are also inversely influenced by cocaine, whose effects in each case are opposite to, and abrogated by, the DopR mutation. Selective restoration of DopR function in the central complex rescues the enhanced stimulated arousal but not the increased sleep phenotype of DopR mutants. These data provide evidence for at least two different forms of arousal, which are independently regulated by dopamine in opposite directions, via distinct neural circuits.
Lebestky
Tim
T
Division of Biology 216-76, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Chang
Jung-Sook C
JS
Dankert
Heiko
H
Zelnik
Lihi
L
Kim
Young-Cho
YC
Han
Kyung-An
KA
Wolf
Fred W
FW
Perona
Pietro
P
Anderson
David J
DJ
D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000502:physiology*
C093147:Dop1R1 protein, Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1