title: Dissection of the appendix with ultrasound-activated scalpel: an experimental study in pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to examine mechanical, microbiologic, and morphologic changes of the appendicle rim to assess if it is appropriate to dissect the appendix with the ultrasound-activated scalpel (UAS) during laparoscopic appendectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  After laparoscopic resection of the appendix, using conventional Roeder slings, we investigated 50 appendicle rims with an in vitro procedure. The overall time of dissection of the mesoappendix with UAS was noted. Following removal, the appendix was dissected in vitro with the UAS one cme from the resection rim. Seal-burst pressures were recorded. Bacterial cultures of the UAS-resected rim were compared with those of the scissors resected rim. Tissue changes were quantified histologically with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average time to dissect the mesoappendix was 228 seconds (25-900). Bacterial culture growths were less in the UAS-resected probes (7 versus 36 positive probes; (p > 0.01). HE-stained tissues revealed mean histologic changes in the lamina propria muscularis externa of 2 mm depth. The seal-burst pressure levels of the appendicle lumen had a mean of 420 mbar. Seal-burst pressures and depths of histologic changes were not dependent on the different stages of appendicitis investigated, gender, or age groups. Seal-burst pressure levels were not related to different depths of tissue changes (P = 0.64).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The UAS is a rapid instrument for laparoscopic appendectomy and appears to be safe with respect to stability, sterility and tissue changes. It avoids complex time consuming instrument change manoeuvres and current transmission, which may induce intra- and postoperative complications. Our results suggest that keeping a safety margin of at least 5 mm from the bowel would be sufficient to avoid thermal damage.
authors: Department of Surgical Pediatrics, Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Bartenstein
authors: Dietmar
authors: D
authors: Cholewa
authors: Colette
authors: C
authors: Boillat
authors: Zacharias
authors: Z
authors: Zachariou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001062:Appendectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004210:Dissection / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014465:Ultrasonics