title: Immunomodulation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue: current perspectives.
abstract: The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is deputed both to protect from infectious diseases and to evoke immune tolerance. Efficient responses need mucosal adjuvants: starting from cholera toxin, new variants of cholera toxin were developed depleted of toxicity. In addition, lipid colloidal particles, bacterial DNA, and probiotics have been experimented. Tolerance is currently induced by means of the B subunit of cholera toxin, whereas new strategies encompass the use of probiotics, expansion of regulatory T cells and blocking of paracellular entry of antigens. Finally, we report different approaches developed for celiac disease, an immune-mediated disease whose triggering antigen is known.
authors: Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.
authors: Diomira
authors: D
authors: Luongo
authors: Rossana
authors: R
authors: D'Arienzo
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Bergamo
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Maurano
authors: Mauro
authors: M
authors: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000276:immunology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology*; D018448:Models, Immunological