title: Induction of Mx and PKR failed to protect chickens from H5N1 infection.
abstract: We are currently facing a global threat caused by a highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus (hpH5N1). Death occurs in 48 h in infected chickens, suggesting that they fail to eliminate the virus. Little is known about the immune response in chickens after hpH5N1 infection, or how the virus is evolving to modify and evade host protective responses. Therefore, to better understand the chicken immune response following hpH5N1 infection, we set up an experimental infection of chickens with an hpH5N1 strain, and quantified the mRNA expression of several cytokines and antiviral proteins at different time points post-infection. We show here that a weak host immune response is observed in vivo, in spite of the induction of IL-6, myxovirus resistance protein (Mx), and protein kinase R (PKR). This weak immune response, probably due in part to the absence of type I interferon, was not sufficient to counteract the hpH5N1 virus and protect the chicken from death.
authors: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, FRE-2937, F-94800 Villejuif, France.
authors: Stéphane
authors: S
authors: Daviet
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Van Borm
authors: Adélite
authors: A
authors: Habyarimana
authors: Marie-Laure Endale
authors: ML
authors: Ahanda
authors: Véronique
authors: V
authors: Morin
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Oudin
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Van Den Berg
authors: Rima
authors: R
authors: Zoorob
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007422:Intestines / Q000821:virology; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D013154:Spleen / Q000821:virology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011494:Protein Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins