title: Comparison between logopedic and MRI findings in evaluating tongue function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The logopedic examination according to Kittel (1998) is a method frequently used to diagnose tongue dysfunction. There has been a lack of reliable parameters to confirm this analysis. MR images visualize resting position and tongue movement as well as surrounding structures relevant to oral function. The aim of this study was to compare logopedic and MRI findings in evaluating tongue function and to assess whether MRI findings can replace logopedic examination for diagnostic purposes.
  
  
  METHODS
  56 subjects were examined by the following methods: - Logopedic examination according to Kittel (1998) - MR images of the tongue resting position (T1-weighted) and deglutition process (2D-FIESTA technique) - MRI analysis according to Fujiki et al. (2000)
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed marked differences between the logopedic and MRI findings, yet there were no significant correlations between the logopedic outcome and distances measured via MRI in tongue resting position and swallowing patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We noted little concordance between logopedic findings according to Kittel and MRI analysis according to Fujiki et al. Which of these findings correctly reflects the actual clinical situation remains unclear.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Juliane
authors: J
authors: Mehnert
authors: Helga
authors: H
authors: Landau
authors: Axel
authors: A
authors: Mussler
authors: Juliane
authors: J
authors: Reinicke
authors: Ralf
authors: R
authors: Müller-Hartwich
authors: Helmut
authors: H
authors: Orawa
authors: Paul-Georg
authors: PG
authors: Jost-Brinkmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology*; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult