title: Improved delineation of ventricular shunt catheters using fast steady-state gradient recalled-echo sequences in a rapid brain MR imaging protocol in nonsedated pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rapid brain MR imaging is often substituted for head CT in multiply imaged patients with shunted hydrocephalus. Fast TSE-T2 sequences are commonly used in these protocols. One limitation of TSE-T2 sequences is the decreased catheter delineation compared with CT. The aim of this study was to compare fast TSE-T2 with rapid SS-GRE sequences in the evaluation of intracranial shunt catheter delineation as part of a rapid nonsedated pediatric brain MR imaging protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the findings from 179 consecutive patients who underwent routine clinical imaging according to the rapid nonsedated pediatric brain MR imaging protocol. Comparison of the quality of intracranial shunt catheter localization on SS-GRE versus TSE-T2 was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total of 179 rapid nonsedated pediatric brain MR images that were reviewed, 62 (35%) had an intracranial shunt catheter. The shunt catheter tip was better localized on the SS-GRE than on the TSE-T2 images in 49/62 (79%) of these patients. Of the remaining 13/62 (21%), the TSE-T2 was either better or equivalent in localizing the shunt catheter tip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that rapid SS-GRE sequences can provide better delineation of standard intracranial shunt catheters than standard rapid MR imaging protocols containing only fast TSE-T2 sequences.
authors: Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona 85016, USA. jhmiller@phoenixchildrens.com
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Miller
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Walkiewicz
authors: R B
authors: RB
authors: Towbin
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Curran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016477:Artifacts; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003243:Consciousness; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors