title: Combined resistance and aerobic exercise program reverses muscle loss in men undergoing androgen suppression therapy for prostate cancer without bone metastases: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Androgen suppression therapy (AST) results in musculoskeletal toxicity that reduces physical function and quality of life. This study examined the impact of a combined resistance and aerobic exercise program as a countermeasure to these AST-related toxicities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2007 and 2008, 57 patients with prostate cancer undergoing AST (commenced > 2 months prior) were randomly assigned to a program of resistance and aerobic exercise (n = 29) or usual care (n = 28) for 12 weeks. Primary end points were whole body and regional lean mass. Secondary end points were muscle strength and function, cardiorespiratory capacity, blood biomarkers, and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of covariance was used to compare outcomes for groups at 12 weeks adjusted for baseline values and potential confounders. Patients undergoing exercise showed an increase in lean mass compared with usual care (total body, P = .047; upper limb, P < .001; lower limb, P = .019) and similarly better muscle strength (P < .01), 6-meter walk time (P = .024), and 6-meter backward walk time (P = .039). Exercise also improved several aspects of quality of life including general health (P = .022) and reduced fatigue (P = .021) and decreased levels of C-reactive protein (P = .008). There were no adverse events during the testing or exercise intervention program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relatively brief exposure to exercise significantly improved muscle mass, strength, physical function, and balance in hypogonadal men compared with normal care. The exercise regimen was well tolerated and could be recommended for patients undergoing AST as an effective countermeasure to these common treatment-related adverse effects.
authors: School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia. d.galvao@ecu.edu.au
authors: Daniel A
authors: DA
authors: Galvão
authors: Dennis R
authors: DR
authors: Taaffe
authors: Nigel
authors: N
authors: Spry
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Joseph
authors: Robert U
authors: RU
authors: Newton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D015444:Exercise; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055070:Resistance Training; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal