title: A novel acute anemia model for pharmacological research in mice by compelled acute exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To generate a novel acute anemia model by compelled exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young adult male mice were compelled to perform an acute exercise by electric stimulation for 30 min. Blood was taken from their tails to be used for detection immediately after exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that the red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit of exhausted mice were lower than that of sedentary mice without electric stimulation. The model is in line with the diagnostic criteria. As the mechanisms of the acute anemia model, it was found that the osmotic fragility of the RBC in model mice increased compared to that of normal mice, and that the deformation index, orientation index, small deformation index, deformability and orientation of RBCs in the model mice were reduced. The glutathione (GSH) levels in blood plasma were decreased. The liver, spleen, kidney had no detectable changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, these effects represent the success of a novel anemia model by compelled acute exercise. The oxidative damages on RBC and hemorheological changes are in part the causes of acute anemia in this model.
authors: National Research Center for Chinese Minority Nationality Medicine, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
authors: Qing-shan
authors: QS
authors: Liu
authors: Jin-hua
authors: JH
authors: Wang
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Cui
authors: Zhi-hong
authors: ZH
authors: Yang
authors: Guan-hua
authors: GH
authors: Du
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009996:Osmotic Fragility; D010600:Pharmacology / Q000379:methods; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D005978:Glutathione