title: Genome-based phylogenetic analysis of Streptomyces and its relatives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Streptomyces is one of the best-studied genera of the order Actinomycetales due to its great importance in medical science, ecology and the biotechnology industry. A comprehensive, detailed and robust phylogeny of Streptomyces and its relatives is needed for understanding how this group emerged and maintained such a vast diversity throughout evolution and how soil-living mycelial forms (e.g., Streptomyces s. str.) are related to parasitic, unicellular pathogens (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis) or marine species (e.g., Salinispora tropica). The most important application area of such a phylogenetic analysis will be in the comparative re-annotation of genome sequences and the reconstruction of Streptomyces metabolic networks for biotechnology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Classical 16S-rRNA-based phylogenetic reconstruction does not guarantee to produce well-resolved robust trees that reflect the overall relationship between bacterial species with widespread horizontal gene transfer. In our study we therefore combine three whole genome-based phylogenies with eight different, highly informative single-gene phylogenies to determine a new robust consensus tree of 45 Actinomycetales species with completely sequenced genomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the individual methods achieved a resolved phylogeny of Streptomyces and its relatives. Single-gene approaches failed to yield a detailed phylogeny; even though the single trees are in good agreement among each other, they show very low resolution of inner branches. The three whole genome-based methods improve resolution considerably. Only by combining the phylogenies from single gene-based and genome-based approaches we finally obtained a consensus tree with well-resolved branches for the entire set of Actinomycetales species. This phylogenetic information is stable and informative enough for application to the system-wide comparative modeling of bacterial physiology.
authors: Groningen Bioinformatics Center, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands.
authors: Mohammad Tauqeer
authors: MT
authors: Alam
authors: Maria Elena
authors: ME
authors: Merlo
authors: Eriko
authors: E
authors: Takano
authors: Rainer
authors: R
authors: Breitling
mesh_terms: D023061:Gene Order; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal