title: Ultrasound-guided bipolar radiofrequency ablation of breast cancer in inoperable patients: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a promising minimal invasive modality to treat small breast cancer (BCA). In most studies cancers were surgically excised shortly after RFA. We present six patients inoperable when diagnosed with BCA, and performed RFA instead of surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasound-guided bipolar RFA was performed under local anesthesia in six women aged 63 - 85 years. They had core-biopsy proven T 1 - 2N0 M0, grade I or II, 1.0 - 2.7 cm sized invasive ductal cancers, with positive estrogen receptor status. Four tumors measured > 2 cm, and three 1.0 - 1.2 cm in diameter. Patients were at high-risk for general anesthesia and surgery because of severely impaired cardiac function, advanced age, or associated diseases (acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), diabetes, hypertension, depression) and/or refused surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six tumors in five patients were completely ablated, without recurrence during follow-up (range: 9 - 49 months). One superficially located cancer was partially ablated; the patient died two months later from myocardial infarction. The Patient with AML and BCA had an infection of the treated breast after 4 months and postponed mastectomy to an AML remission status. There were no signs of malignancy in histopathology; the patient finally died of leukemia 42 months after RFA. The remaining four patients are well, without complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound-guided percutaneous RFA under local anesthesia is an effective alternative to surgery for BCA < 3 cm in patients with a high-risk for surgery.
authors: Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava. boris.brkljacic@zg.t-com.hr
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Brkljacic
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Cikara
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Ivanac
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hrkac Pustahija
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Zic
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Stanec
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D002423:Cause of Death; D015897:Comorbidity; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary