title: ATM augments nuclear stabilization of DYRK2 by inhibiting MDM2 in the apoptotic response to DNA damage.
abstract: The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that regulates cell cycle, DNA repair, senescence, and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-46 is indispensable for the commitment to apoptotic cell death. A previous study has shown that upon exposure to genotoxic stress, DYRK2 translocates into the nucleus and phosphorylates p53 at Ser-46, thereby inducing apoptosis. However, less is known about mechanisms responsible for intracellular control of DYRK2. Here we show the functional nuclear localization signal at N-terminal domain of DYRK2. Under normal conditions, nuclear and not cytoplasmic DYRK2 is ubiquitinated by MDM2, resulting in its constitutive degradation. In the presence of proteasome inhibitors, we detected a stable complex of DYRK2 with MDM2 at the nucleus. Upon exposure to genotoxic stress, ATM phosphorylates DYRK2 at Thr-33 and Ser-369, which enables DYRK2 to escape from degradation by dissociation from MDM2 and to induce the kinase activity toward p53 at Ser-46 in the nucleus. These findings indicate that ATM controls stability and pro-apoptotic function of DYRK2 in response to DNA damage.
authors: Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
authors: Naoe
authors: N
authors: Taira
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Yamaguchi
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Miki
authors: Kiyotsugu
authors: K
authors: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000633:toxicity; D005047:Etoposide / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000633:toxicity; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000097603:Dyrk Kinases
chemical_list: D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005047:Etoposide; D007976:Leupeptins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000097603:Dyrk Kinases; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; C576324:ATM protein, human; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde