title: Validity and reliability of logopedic assessments of tongue function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the validity and reliability of logopedic assessments of tongue function.
  
  
  METHODS
  At two practices for myofunctional therapy, diagnosis of tongue dysfunction according to Kittel (1984, 1996, 2008) was carried out in 52 subjects (aged 5 to 63 years) by three speech pathologists at each practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The agreement of the logopedic assessments was mostly satisfactory at one of the two practices but was unsatisfactory in most cases at the other practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inconsistent agreement between the logopedic assessments does not permit a definitive statement about the actual clinical situation.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Juliane
authors: J
authors: Mehnert
authors: Helga
authors: H
authors: Landau
authors: Helmut
authors: H
authors: Orawa
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Kittel
authors: Maren
authors: M
authors: Krause
authors: Sylvia
authors: S
authors: Engel
authors: Paul-Georg
authors: PG
authors: Jost-Brinkmann
authors: Ralf
authors: R
authors: Müller-Hartwich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology*; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult