Toxic threshold of dietary microcystin (-LR) for quart medaka.
This study was designed to estimate the toxic threshold of male and female fish to microcystins based on different biomarkers. Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were fed dietary Microcystin-LR (0, 0.46, 0.85, 2.01 and 3.93 microg MC-LR/g dry diet for 8 weeks at 25 degrees C. The results revealed that dietary MC-LR inhibited growth at the end of 8 weeks. The survival of embryos and the RNA/DNA ratio of whole fish decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in fish fed 3.93 microg MC-LR/g dry diet. Heat shock protein (Hsp60) expression was induced in the liver of female and male fish fed diets containing > or =0.85 and 0.46 microg MC-LR/g diet, respectively. The activity of liver caspase 3/7 was significantly higher in female fish fed 3.93 microg MC-LR/g diet and in males fed 2.01 MC-LR microg/g dry diet than fish fed the control diet. The threshold for inhibition of liver protein phosphatase expression was lower in female (2.01 microg/g diet) than that in male fish (3.93 microg/g diet). Histopathological examination showed significant single-cell necrosis in female and male medaka fed diets containing 0.85 and 3.93 microg MC-LR/g diet, respectively. Based on different biomarkers, this study demonstrated that dietary MC-LR is toxic to Medaka and the effects are gender dependent.
Deng
Dong-Fang
DF
Center for Health and the Environment and Aquatic Toxicology Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1321 Haring Hall, One Shield Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Zheng
Keke
K
Teh
Foo-Ching
FC
Lehman
Peggy W
PW
Teh
Swee J
SJ
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D009990:Oryzias / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors
D015415:Biomarkers; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; C057862:cyanoginosin LR