title: Effect of alginate on satiation, appetite, gastric function, and selected gut satiety hormones in overweight and obesity.
abstract: Lack of control of food intake, excess size, and frequency of meals are critical to the development of obesity. The stomach signals satiation postprandially and may play an important role in control of calorie intake. Sodium alginate (based on brown seaweed Laminaria digitata) is currently marketed as a weight loss supplement, but its effects on gastric motor functions and satiation are unknown. We evaluated effects of 10 days treatment with alginate or placebo on gastric functions, satiation, appetite, and gut hormones associated with satiety in overweight or obese adults. We conducted a randomized, 1:1, placebo-controlled, allocation-concealed study in 48 overweight or obese participants with excluded psychiatric comorbidity and binge eating disorder. All underwent measurements of gastric emptying (GE), fasting, and postprandial gastric volumes (GVs), postprandial satiation, calorie intake at a free choice meal and selected gut hormones after 1 week of alginate (three capsules vs. matching placebo per day, ingested 30 min before the main meal). Six capsules were ingested with water 30 min before the GE, GV, and satiation tests on days 8-10. There were no treatment group effects on GE or volumes, gut hormones (ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY)), satiation, total and macronutrient calorie intake at a free choice meal. There was no difference detected in results between obese and overweight patients. Alginate treatment for a period of 10 days showed no effect on gastric motor functions, satiation, appetite, or gut hormones. These results question the use of short-term alginate treatment for weight loss.
authors: Division of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Suwebatu T
authors: ST
authors: Odunsi
authors: María I
authors: MI
authors: Vázquez-Roque
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Camilleri
authors: Athanasios
authors: A
authors: Papathanasopoulos
authors: Matthew M
authors: MM
authors: Clark
authors: Lynne
authors: L
authors: Wodrich
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Lempke
authors: Sanna
authors: S
authors: McKinzie
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Ryks
authors: Duane
authors: D
authors: Burton
authors: Alan R
authors: AR
authors: Zinsmeister
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007795:Laminaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D050177:Overweight / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012527:Satiation / Q000187:drug effects; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D006728:Hormones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020723:Glucuronic Acid