title: An investigation of tissue-temperature elevation caused by recharging of transcutaneous neuromodulation devices.
abstract: Heat transfer associated with the electrical recharging of transcutaneous neuromodulation devices was investigated by a combination of experimentation and numerical simulation. The investigation was performed for the most commonly used neuromodulation systems. Temperature elevations within perfused tissue were obtained. For one selected device, it is shown that temperature elevations are sufficiently moderate so as not to cause concern of injury.
authors: University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, MN 55105-1079, USA. jpabraham@stthomas.edu
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Abraham
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Sparrow
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Lovik
mesh_terms: D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D002151:Calorimetry; D011211:Electric Power Supplies / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008954:Models, Biological; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013814:Thermal Conductivity