title: Hexane extract of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. stimulates the motility of rat distal colon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. (Rutaceae, PT) has been commonly used for treating gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in Korean traditional medicine, but its pharmacological roles in the regulation of colonic motility have not been clarified. This study investigated the regulatory effects of PT on the colonic motility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immature fruits of PT were sequentially partitioned with MeOH, n-hexane, CHCl(3), EtOAc, n-BuOH and H(2)O, and the effects of PT extracts on the contractility of colonic strips and colonic luminal transit in rats were measured in vitro and in vivo, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among six different extracts, only hexane extract of PT (PTHE) dose-dependently increased the low frequency contraction of longitudinal muscle in distal colonic strips, and the ED(50) value was revealed to be 0.71 microg/ml. The contractile patterns induced by PTHE were remarkably different from those caused by acetylcholine (ACh) and serotonin (5-HT). The stimulatory effects of PTHE on the whole distal colonic strips were more prominent than on the mucosa/submucosa-denuded segments. The M(2) receptor-preferring, methoctramine (0.5 microM), and M(3) receptor-preferring antagonist, 4-DAMP (0.5 microM) significantly blocked the PTHE (1 microg/ml)-induced contraction of distal colon longitudinal muscles, whereas the 5-HT receptor antagonists (1.0 microM, alone or in combination) selective for 5-HT(3) (ondansetron), 5-HT(4) (GR113808) and 5-HT(1, 2, 5-7) (methysergide) receptors did not change the PTHE (1 microg/ml)-induced contractility of distal colon longitudinal muscles. SNAP (0.1mM), a NO donor, enhanced the stimulatory effects of PTHE on the longitudinal muscle of distal colon, but l-NAME (0.1mM), a NO synthesis inhibitor, had no effects. PTHE (10-100mg/kg) caused a dose-dependent increase of colonic luminal transit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, these findings suggest that PTHE specifically acts on the longitudinal muscle of distal colon in rats, and these stimulatory effects are likely mediated, at least, by activation of acetylcholinergic M(2) and M(3) receptors.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors: Keun Han
authors: KH
authors: Choi
authors: Seung Il
authors: SI
authors: Jeong
authors: Byung Soon
authors: BS
authors: Hwang
authors: Jun Ho
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Hyun Kwang
authors: HK
authors: Ryoo
authors: Seoul
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: Bong Kyu
authors: BK
authors: Choi
authors: Kyu Yong
authors: KY
authors: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005638:Fruit; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D006586:Hexanes; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032104:Poncirus / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000187:drug effects*; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D006586:Hexanes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin