title: Single intra-arterial injection of mesenchymal stromal cells for treatment of steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) has been reported recently as a promising treatment for severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed a pilot study to treat severe hepatic or gut GvHD using MSC derived from only the donor and cultured without bovine serum. Because the number of cultured MSC is smaller using this method, we planned to treat patients by intra-arterial regional administration directly to the target organs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients were enrolled, and the MSC could be expanded using donor serum. There were no obvious side-effects immediately after arterial injection. The maximum response was partial in one of three patients and did not continue for more than 2 months. Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome developed in two of the three patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single local arterial MSC injection was unable to save these patients' lives and so might not be more effective than multiple systemic intravenous MSC injection. Further clinical research and additional strategies are required to develop appropriate methods for using MSC to achieve extended remission of GvHD.
authors: Nobuyoshi
authors: N
authors: Arima
authors: Fumiaki
authors: F
authors: Nakamura
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Fukunaga
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Hirata
authors: Hiroko
authors: H
authors: Machida
authors: Shigene
authors: S
authors: Kouno
authors: Hajime
authors: H
authors: Ohgushi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D013256:Steroids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids