title: Clomiphene citrate and enclomiphene for the treatment of hypogonadal androgen deficiency.
abstract: Hypogonadism has a number of important clinical consequences related to androgen deficiency and impaired spermatogenesis. The cause of this condition is multifactorial and can result from hypothalamic, pituitary or gonadal dysfunction as well as factors that affect hormonal signaling along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. While testosterone replacement is the most common treatment, it can paradoxically lead to infertility, and may be a less physiologic therapy for patients with secondary hypogonadism due to pituitary dysfunction. Clomiphene citrate, and its derivatives, may allow for restoration of gonadal function by restoring physiologic pituitary function in a subset of patients with hypogonadism.
authors: NYU Langone Medical Center - Department of Urology, New York, New York 10016, USA. jckammd@att.net
authors: Jed
authors: J
authors: Kaminetsky
authors: Micah L
authors: ML
authors: Hemani
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency*; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D064695:Enclomiphene; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D002996:Clomiphene; D064695:Enclomiphene