Immunostimulants for malignant gliomas.
Several immunostimulant approaches have been studied in the treatment of gliomas. The advent of recombinant DNA technology led to a nonspecific immunostimulation via systemic administration of cytokines. Recently, in attempts to more closely mimic their natural activity, cytokines have been delivered by implanting genetically transduced cells or by using in vivo gene transfer techniques. The latest efforts have focused on immunostimulatory agents that act directly on antigen-presenting cells and effector cells of the immune system via pattern recognition receptors. Combining these strategies with more than one mode of immunotherapy may provide better clinical results.
Butowski
Nicholas
N
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, A808, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. butowski@neurosurg.ucsf.edu
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D007369:Interferon Inducers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007378:Interleukins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011107:Polylysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D007369:Interferon Inducers; D007378:Interleukins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011107:Polylysine; C019531:poly ICLC; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D007372:Interferons; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; D011070:Poly I-C