title: Effects of mechanical left ventricular unloading by Impella on left ventricular dynamics in high-risk and primary percutaneous coronary intervention patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied online left ventricular (LV) dynamic effects of mechanical LV unloading directly after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Limited clinical information is available on the direct LV dynamic consequences of LV unloading in patients undergoing high-risk PCI and primary PCI for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of the Impella LP2.5 device on LV dynamics were studied in 11 patients (elective high-risk PCI, n = 6; primary PCI, n = 5). LV pressure and volume were continuously assessed by a pressure-conductance catheter at 4 different support levels of the Impella, from 0 L/min at baseline to 2.5 L/min at maximal support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response to increased LV unloading was not different between both groups of patients. The pooled data showed no change on global and systolic LV function during increased LV unloading, while diastolic function showed improvement as indicated by an increased LV compliance in all patients. There was a decrease in end-diastolic pressure from 22 +/- 12 to 13 +/- 9 mm Hg (P = 0.0001), in end-diastolic elastance from 0.134 +/- 0.060 to 0.091 +/- 0.064 mm Hg/mL (P = 0.009), and in end-diastolic wall stress from 84 +/- 50 to 47 +/- 39 mm Hg (P = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LV unloading decreases end-diastolic wall stress and improves diastolic compliance dose-dependently. Our results indicate beneficial LV unloading effects of Impella during high-risk and primary PCI.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Maurice
authors: M
authors: Remmelink
authors: Krischan D
authors: KD
authors: Sjauw
authors: José P S
authors: JP
authors: Henriques
authors: Robbert J
authors: RJ
authors: de Winter
authors: Marije M
authors: MM
authors: Vis
authors: Karel T
authors: KT
authors: Koch
authors: Walter J
authors: WJ
authors: Paulus
authors: Bas A J M
authors: BA
authors: de Mol
authors: Jan G P
authors: JG
authors: Tijssen
authors: Jan J
authors: JJ
authors: Piek
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Baan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003187:Compliance; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D017725:Ventricular Pressure