title: Species determination of Malaysian Bactrocera pests using PCR-RFLP analyses (Diptera: Tephritidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of Bactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock, B. papayae Drew and Hancock, B. tau Walker, B. latifrons Hendel, B. cucurbitae Coquillett, B. umbrosa Fabricius and B. caudata Fabricius would pose a problem if only a body part or an immature stage were available. Analysis of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene using primers COIR, COIF, UEA7 and UEA10 and restriction enzymes (MseI, RsaI and Alu1) was carried out. The banding profiles in the electrophoresis gel were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The COI gene in six Bactrocera spp. was successfully amplified by COIR and COIF, as well as UEA7 and UEA10, while B. caudata was amplified successfully only by UEA primers. Using COI amplified PCR products and restriction enzymes, distinct banding profiles for B. tau, B. latifrons, B. cucurbitae and B. umbrosa were observed, but not for B. carambolae and B. papayae. However, using UEA7, UEA10 and RsaI, B. caudata could be identified, while B. carambolae and B. papayae might possibly be separated from one another. It was also shown that adult body parts or immature life stages of B. carambolae, B. papayae, B. latifrons and B. cucurbitae produced the same banding profiles as the adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCR-RFLP analyses are able to identify positively five Bactrocera species, while B. papayae and B. carambolae might possibly be separated from one another, even if immature life stages or adult body parts are used.
authors: School of Science, University of Monash, Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. chua.tock.hing@sci.monash.edu.my
authors: Tock H
authors: TH
authors: Chua
authors: Yi Vern
authors: YV
authors: Chong
authors: Saw Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Lim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D008296:Malaysia; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV