title: Regulation of sigma-1 receptors and endoplasmic reticulum chaperones in the brain of methamphetamine self-administering rats.
abstract: sigma-1 Receptors are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones that are implicated in the neuroplasticity associated with psychostimulant abuse. We immunocytochemically examined the distribution of sigma-1 receptors in the brain of drug-naive rats and then examined the dynamics of sigma-1 receptors and other ER chaperones in specific brain subregions of rats that self-administered methamphetamine, received methamphetamine passively, or received only saline injections. sigma-1 Receptors were found to be expressed in moderate to high levels in the olfactory bulb, striatum, nucleus accumbens shell, olfactory tubercle, amygdala, hippocampus, red nucleus, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, and locus ceruleus. Methamphetamine, whether self-administered or passively received, significantly elevated ER chaperones including the sigma-1 receptor, BiP, and calreticulin in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. In the olfactory bulb, however, only the sigma-1 receptor chaperone was increased, and this increase occurred only in rats that actively self-administered methamphetamine. Consistent with an increase in sigma-1 receptors, extracellular signal-regulated kinase was found to be activated and protein kinase A attenuated in the olfactory bulb of methamphetamine self-administering rats. sigma-1 Receptors in the olfactory bulb were found to be colocalized with dopamine D1 receptors. These results indicate that methamphetamine induces ER stress in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra in rats whether the drug is received actively or passively. However, the changes seen only in rats that actively self-administered methamphetamine suggest that D1 and sigma-1 receptors in the olfactory bulb might play an important role in the motivational conditioning/learning aspects of methamphetamine self-administration in the rat.
authors: Cellular Pathobiology Section, IRP, NIDA, NIH Triad Suite 3304, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors: Teruo
authors: T
authors: Hayashi
authors: Zuzana
authors: Z
authors: Justinova
authors: Eri
authors: E
authors: Hayashi
authors: Gianfrancesco
authors: G
authors: Cormaci
authors: Tomohisa
authors: T
authors: Mori
authors: Shang-Yi
authors: SY
authors: Tsai
authors: Chanel
authors: C
authors: Barnes
authors: Steven R
authors: SR
authors: Goldberg
authors: Tsung-Ping
authors: TP
authors: Su
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016466:CHO Cells; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017480:Receptors, sigma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012646:Self Administration; D000097605:Sigma-1 Receptor
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D008694:Methamphetamine; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D017480:Receptors, sigma; D000097605:Sigma-1 Receptor