title: A comparison of the efficacy of cleaning and disinfection methods in eliminating Salmonella spp. from commercial egg laying houses.
abstract: Effective terminal cleaning and disinfection (C&D) is regarded as a necessary step for the elimination of Salmonella spp. from laying houses. A total of 60 commercial laying houses that had housed laying flocks infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis or Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium that were representative of all production systems (cage, barn, free-range) were intensively sampled immediately after C&D as well as in the follow-on flock. The procedures investigated were: (1) a compound disinfectant consisting of a mixture of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and quarternary ammonium applied at the recommended concentration; (2) a 10% (vol/vol) dilution of the standard 37% commercial formalin, applied by a contractor; and (3) other disinfection procedures selected and applied by the farmer. The recovery of Salmonella in the cleaned and disinfected houses was variable, with samples from floor and dropping boards/belts (cage houses) and scratching areas (non-cage houses) being the most likely to remain contaminated. In cage houses, the use of the 10% formalin dilution led to a statistically greater reduction in the sample prevalence than using any of the other C&D methods. A negative post-C&D result predicted clearance of Salmonella in 52% of cases, although the isolation of Salmonella from the houses immediately after C&D was not a perfect predictor of carry-over of infection.
authors: Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK. j.carrique-mas@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk
authors: Juan J
authors: JJ
authors: Carrique-Mas
authors: Clara
authors: C
authors: Marin
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Breslin
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: McLaren
authors: Rob
authors: R
authors: Davies
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000821:virology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D005557:Formaldehyde; D005976:Glutaral