title: VA healthcare costs of a collaborative intervention for chronic pain in primary care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic pain is costly to individuals and the healthcare system, and is often undertreated. Collaborative care models show promise for improving treatment of patients with chronic pain. The objectives of this article are to report the incremental benefit and incremental health services costs of a collaborative intervention for chronic pain from a veterans affairs (VA) healthcare perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on VA treatment costs incurred by participants were obtained from the VA's Decision Support System for all utilization except certain intervention activities which were tracked in a separate database. Outcome data were from a cluster-randomized trial of a collaborative intervention for chronic pain among 401 primary care patients at a VA medical center. Intervention group participants received assessments and care management; stepped-care components were offered to patients requiring more specialized care. The main outcome measure was pain disability-free days (PDFDs), calculated from Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in the intervention group experienced an average of 16 additional PDFDs over the 12-month follow-up window as compared with usual care participants; this came at an adjusted incremental cost of $364 per PDFD for a typical participant. Important predictors of costs were baseline medical comorbidities, depression severity, and prior year's treatment costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This collaborative intervention resulted in more pain disability-free days and was more expensive than usual care. Further research is necessary to identify if the intervention is more cost-effective for some patient subgroups and to learn whether pain improvements and higher costs persist after the intervention has ended.
authors: Portland Center for the Study of Chronic, Comorbid Mental and Physical Disorders, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR 97207, USA. kathryn.dickinson@va.gov
authors: Kathryn C
authors: KC
authors: Dickinson
authors: Rajiv
authors: R
authors: Sharma
authors: Jonathan P
authors: JP
authors: Duckart
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: Corson
authors: Martha S
authors: MS
authors: Gerrity
authors: Steven K
authors: SK
authors: Dobscha
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001416:Back Pain / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*