Perioperative crystalloid and colloid fluid management in children: where are we and how did we get here?
It has been more than 50 yr since the landmark article in which Holliday and Segar (Pediatrics 1957;19:823-32) proposed the rate and composition of parenteral maintenance fluids for hospitalized children. Much of our practice of fluid administration in the perioperative period is based on this article. The glucose, electrolyte, and intravascular volume requirements of the pediatric surgical patient may be quite different than the original population described, and consequently, use of traditional hypotonic fluids proposed by Holliday and Segar may cause complications, such as hyperglycemia and hyponatremia, in the postoperative surgical patient. There is significant controversy regarding the choice of isotonic versus hypotonic fluids in the postoperative period. We discuss the origins of perioperative fluid management in children, review the current options for crystalloid fluid management, and present information on colloid use in pediatric patients.
Bailey
Ann G
AG
Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. abailey@aims.unc.ed
McNaull
Peggy P
PP
Jooste
Edmund
E
Tuchman
Jay B
JB
D000418:Albumins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D003102:Colloids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005780:Gelatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019990:Perioperative Care; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
D000418:Albumins; D003102:Colloids; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D003911:Dextrans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D005780:Gelatin; D005947:Glucose