title: Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor enhances synaptic communication and 5-hydroxytryptamine 3a receptor expression in enteric neurons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is essential for the development of the enteric nervous system during embryogenesis. We have observed the presence of Gdnf transcripts in the gastrointestinal tract of adult mice, and its early up-regulation after inflammation. We therefore investigated the effects of GDNF on enteric neuronal function in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary neuronal cultures were established from isolated myenteric plexi, and characterized by immunostaining and Ca(2+) imaging. Gene expression of several ion channels was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the electrophysiologic properties of the neurons were studied by patch clamp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GDNF enhanced synaptogenesis and intercellular communication in primary myenteric neuronal cultures. Expression profiling revealed that GDNF exposure results in an up-regulation of Htr3a expression in the cultures and a similar increase was observed in inflamed colonic tissue where Gdnf expression was also increased. The increased Htr3a expression was accompanied by a functional increase in the response of neurons to acute challenge with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). GDNF treatment also caused inhibition of delayed rectifying voltage-gated potassium (Kv) currents, which correlated with the up-regulation of Htr3a and 5-HT-induced responses. Furthermore, pharmacologic blockade of Kv channels mimicked the effect of GDNF by increasing Htr3a expression as well as enhancing 5-HT-induced responses in the cultured myenteric neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GDNF promotes synaptic communication in cultured myenteric neurons. It also up-regulates 5-HT(3a)-receptor expression via modulation of Kv channel activity. Up-regulation of Gdnf after gastrointestinal inflammation might play an important role in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases.
authors: Gastrointestinal Disease Area, Novartis Horsham Research Centre, Horsham, United Kingdom. fanning.zeng@novartis.com
authors: Fanning
authors: F
authors: Zeng
authors: Robert P
authors: RP
authors: Watson
authors: Mark S
authors: MS
authors: Nash
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003092:Colitis / Q000378:metabolism; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000502:physiology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 / Q000235:genetics*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051669:Shab Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; D051669:Shab Potassium Channels; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds; D012701:Serotonin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases