title: Comparison of experts and non-experts in throwing darts based on optimization criteria.
abstract: Acquiring skillful movements of experts is a difficult task in many fields. Since non-experts often fail to find out how to improve their skill, it is desirable to find quantitative indices of skillful movements that clarify the difference between experts and non-experts. If we find quantitative indices, we can develop an adaptive training system using the indices. In this study, we quantitatively compare dart-throwing movements between experts and non-experts based on their scores, motions, and EMG signals. First, we show that the variance of upper-limb motion trajectories of the experts is significantly smaller than that of the non-experts. Then, we show that the displacement and the variance of the shoulder of the experts are also significantly smaller than those of the non-experts. The final result is the highlight of this study. We investigated their upper-limb motions from the viewpoint of trajectory optimization. In this study, we focus on two popular optimization criteria, i.e., sum of squared jerk over a trajectory and sum of squared joint-torque change over a trajectory. We present that the sum of squared joint torques of the subjects was negatively correlated with their scores (p < 0.05), whereas the other criteria were not.
authors: Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan. chihiro-o@is.naist.jp
authors: Chihiro
authors: C
authors: Obayashi
authors: Tomoya
authors: T
authors: Tamei
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Imai
authors: Tomohiro
authors: T
authors: Shibata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009068:Movement; D011187:Posture; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012782:Shoulder; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D019415:Torque