title: Myeloperoxidase serves as a redox switch that regulates apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistance to apoptosis is a key feature of cancer cells and is believed to be regulated by nitrosonium ion (NO(+))-induced S-nitrosylation of key enzymes. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), is utilized by MPO to generated NO(+). We sought to investigate the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and iNOS in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and determine their effect on S-nitrosylation of caspase-3 and its activity as well as apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  MPO and iNOS expression were determined using immunofluorescence in SKOV-3 and MDAH-2774 and EOC tissue sections. S-nitrosylation of caspase-3 and its activity, levels of MPO and iNOS, as well as apoptosis, were evaluated in the EOC cells before and after silencing MPO or iNOS genes with specific siRNA probes utilizing real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and TUNEL assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MPO and iNOS are expressed in EOC cell lines and in over 60% of invasive EOC cases with no expression in normal ovarian epithelium. Indeed, silencing of MPO or iNOS gene expression resulted in decreased S-nitrosylation of caspase-3, increased caspase-3 activity, and increased apoptosis but with a more significant effect when silencing MPO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPO and iNOS are colocalized to the same cells in EOC but not in the normal ovarian epithelium. Silencing of either MPO or iNOS significantly induced apoptosis, highlighting their role as a redox switch that regulates apoptosis in EOC. Understanding the mechanisms by which MPO functions as a redox switch in regulating apoptosis in EOC may lead to future diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. gsaed@med.wayne.edu
authors: Ghassan M
authors: GM
authors: Saed
authors: Rouba
authors: R
authors: Ali-Fehmi
authors: Zhong L
authors: ZL
authors: Jiang
authors: Nicole M
authors: NM
authors: Fletcher
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: Diamond
authors: Husam M
authors: HM
authors: Abu-Soud
authors: Adnan R
authors: AR
authors: Munkarah
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D009195:Peroxidase; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D053148:Caspase 3