title: Morphologic changes of the nasal cavity induced by rapid maxillary expansion: a study on 3-dimensional computed tomography models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rapid maxillary expansion on the volume of the nasal cavity by using computed tomography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 24 patients (10 boys, 14 girls) in the permanent dentition who had maxillary constriction and bilateral posterior crossbite. Ten patients had skeletal Class I and 14 had Class II relationships. Skeletal maturity was assessed with the modified cervical vertebral maturation method. Computed tomograms were taken before expansion and at the end of the 3-month retention period, after active expansion. The tomograms were analyzed by Mimics software (version 10.11, Materialise Medical Co, Leuven, Belgium) to reconstruct 3-dimensional images and calculate the volume of the nasal cavities before and after expansion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant (P = 0.000) average increase of 11.3% in nasal volume was found. Sex, growth, and skeletal relationship did not influence measurements or response to treatment. A significant difference was found in the volume increase between the Class I and Class II patients, but it was attributed to the longer expansion period of the latter. Therefore, rapid maxillary expansion induces a significant average increase of the nasal volume and consequently can increase nasal permeability and establish a predominant nasal respiration pattern.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. adam16eve@yahoo.com
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Haralambidis
authors: Arzu
authors: A
authors: Ari-Demirkaya
authors: Ahu
authors: A
authors: Acar
authors: Nazan
authors: N
authors: Küçükkeleş
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Ateş
authors: Selin
authors: S
authors: Ozkaya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D009929:Organ Size; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome