title: Induction of cross-protective immunity against influenza A virus H5N1 by an intranasal vaccine with extracts of mushroom mycelia.
abstract: The identification of a safe and effective adjuvant that is able to enhance mucosal immune responses is necessary for the development of an efficient inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine. The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of extracts of mycelia derived from edible mushrooms as adjuvants for intranasal influenza vaccine. The adjuvant effect of extracts of mycelia was examined by intranasal co-administration of the extracts and inactivated A/PR8 (H1N1) influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine in BALB/c mice. The inactivated vaccine in combination with mycelial extracts induced a high anti-A/PR8 HA-specific IgA and IgG response in nasal washings and serum, respectively. Virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses were also induced by administration of the vaccine with extract of mycelia, resulting in protection against lethal lung infection with influenza virus A/PR8. In addition, intranasal administration of NIBRG14 vaccine derived from the influenza A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) virus strain administered in conjunction with mycelial extracts from Phellinus linteus conferred cross-protection against heterologous influenza A/Indonesia/6/2005 virus challenge in the nasal infection model. In addition, mycelial extracts induced proinflammatory cytokines and CD40 expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. These results suggest that mycelial extract-adjuvanted vaccines can confer cross-protection against variant H5N1 influenza viruses. The use of extracts of mycelia derived from edible mushrooms is proposed as a new safe and effective mucosal adjuvant for use for nasal vaccination against influenza virus infection.
authors: Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Ichinohe
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Ainai
authors: Tomoyuki
authors: T
authors: Nakamura
authors: Yukihito
authors: Y
authors: Akiyama
authors: Jun-Ichi
authors: J
authors: Maeyama
authors: Takato
authors: T
authors: Odagiri
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Tashiro
authors: Hidehiro
authors: H
authors: Takahashi
authors: Hirofumi
authors: H
authors: Sawa
authors: Shin-Ichi
authors: S
authors: Tamura
authors: Joe
authors: J
authors: Chiba
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Kurata
authors: Tetsutaro
authors: T
authors: Sata
authors: Hideki
authors: H
authors: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000363:Agaricales / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000378:metabolism; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D025282:Mycelium / Q000276:immunology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated