title: Paradoxical brain embolism caused by an arterial-venous fistula: a diagnostic pitfall.
abstract: The transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler/Duplex ultrasonography (ceTCD) are complementary methods for diagnosing a right to left shunt across a patent foramen ovale. We report on a case of paradoxical embolism across a subclavian arterial-venous fistula. This case underlines the necessity of performing the ceTCD, as in this condition the right to left shunt could be detected by means of ceTCD, whereas the TEE reveals regular findings.
authors: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen, Am Steg 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
authors: Piergiorgio
authors: P
authors: Lochner
authors: Frediano
authors: F
authors: Tezzon
authors: Rafaelle
authors: R
authors: Nardone
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Tanislav
mesh_terms: D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D019320:Embolism, Paradoxical / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013350:Subclavian Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult