title: Ethnic differences in the prevalence and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in US outpatients with peripheral arterial disease: insights from the reduction of atherothrombosis for continued health (REACH) registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior investigations to define ethnic-related differences in the risks, medical treatment, and outcomes of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have been limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  The impact of ethnicity on the risk factor profiles, use of evidence-based medical therapies, and 2-year cardiovascular outcomes were investigated in 2,168 individuals (blacks n = 237, Hispanics n = 115, whites n = 1,816) from the United States with PAD from the international Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health Registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blacks and Hispanics were more likely to have diabetes mellitus and hypertension, whereas whites had a higher rate of diagnosed hypercholesterolemia. Control of blood pressure and cholesterol levels differed significantly in the groups at baseline: elevated blood pressure was present in 55% of blacks versus 48% of Hispanics versus 38% of whites (P < .01), whereas 41% of blacks versus 31% of Hispanics versus 25% of whites had elevated total cholesterol (P < .01). Aspirin use (62% of blacks vs 68% of Hispanics vs 72% of whites, P < .01) and statin use (72% of blacks vs 68% of Hispanics vs 77% of whites, P = .03) also varied significantly. In this context, rates by ethnicity for cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke seemed to be no different at 2 years, at 8.8% for the total population: 11.6% for blacks, 8.5% for whites, and 5.0% for Hispanics (P = .32). Fewer blacks (0.6%) had undergone peripheral arterial bypass surgery compared with whites (3.4%) and Hispanics (5.2%) (P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethnic-related differences have been documented in the prevalence and treatment of several atherosclerotic risk factors known to be associated with PAD, including a variation in the use of surgical revascularization procedures.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Telly A
authors: TA
authors: Meadows
authors: Deepak L
authors: DL
authors: Bhatt
authors: Alan T
authors: AT
authors: Hirsch
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Creager
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Califf
authors: E Magnus
authors: EM
authors: Ohman
authors: Christopher P
authors: CP
authors: Cannon
authors: Kim A
authors: KA
authors: Eagle
authors: Mark J
authors: MJ
authors: Alberts
authors: Shinya
authors: S
authors: Goto
authors: Sidney C
authors: SC
authors: Smith
authors: Peter W F
authors: PW
authors: Wilson
authors: Karol E
authors: KE
authors: Watson
authors: P Gabriel
authors: PG
authors: Steg
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People