title: Inhibition of thrombin action ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic db/db mice.
abstract: The binding of thrombin to its receptor stimulates inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1); both are associated with the development of insulin resistance. Because increased adiposity enhanced the expression of coagulation factor VII that stimulates the coagulation pathway in adipose tissue, we tested whether the inhibition of thrombin action ameliorates insulin resistance in obese diabetic (Lpr(-/-):db/db) mice. The 4-wk administration of argatroban, a selective thrombin inhibitor, reduced fasting plasma glucose and ameliorated insulin resistance in these mice. It also reduced adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue. The aberrant gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6, adiponectin, and factor VII and suppressed insulin receptor substrate-1-Akt signaling in adipose tissue of db/db mice were reversed by argatroban treatment. These results demonstrate that increased adiposity enhances the production of thrombin in adipose tissue by stimulating factor VII expression and suggest that increased thrombin activity in adipose tissue plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance via enhancing MCP-1 production, leading to macrophage infiltration and insulin receptor substrate-1-Akt pathway inactivation.
authors: Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors: Masatomo
authors: M
authors: Mihara
authors: Ken-ichi
authors: K
authors: Aihara
authors: Yasumasa
authors: Y
authors: Ikeda
authors: Sumiko
authors: S
authors: Yoshida
authors: Mizuho
authors: M
authors: Kinouchi
authors: Kiyoe
authors: K
authors: Kurahashi
authors: Yuichi
authors: Y
authors: Fujinaka
authors: Masashi
authors: M
authors: Akaike
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005167:Factor VII / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010875:Pipecolic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D054390:Receptors, CCR2 / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D000925:Anticoagulants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010875:Pipecolic Acids; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D054390:Receptors, CCR2; D013449:Sulfonamides; D012313:RNA; D005167:Factor VII; D001120:Arginine; D013917:Thrombin; C031942:argatroban