Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Examining linkages from selected coastal regions of the United States.
Coastal waters of the United States (U.S.) are subject to many of the major harmful algal bloom (HAB) poisoning syndromes and impacts. These include paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) and various other HAB phenomena such as fish kills, loss of submerged vegetation, shellfish mortalities, and widespread marine mammal mortalities. Here, the occurrences of selected HABs in a selected set of regions are described in terms of their relationship to eutrophication, illustrating a range of responses. Evidence suggestive of changes in the frequency, extent or magnitude of HABs in these areas is explored in the context of the nutrient sources underlying those blooms, both natural and anthropogenic. In some regions of the U.S., the linkages between HABs and eutrophication are clear and well documented, whereas in others, information is limited, thereby highlighting important areas for further research.
Anderson
Donald M
DM
Biology Department, MS #32, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole MA 02543 USA.
Burkholder
Joann M
JM
Cochlan
William P
WP
Glibert
Patricia M
PM
Gobler
Christopher J
CJ
Heil
Cynthia A
CA
Kudela
Raphael
R
Parsons
Michael L
ML
Rensel
J E Jack
JE
Townsend
David W
DW
Trainer
Vera L
VL
Vargo
Gabriel A
GA