Ethnic differences in the prevalence and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in US outpatients with peripheral arterial disease: insights from the reduction of atherothrombosis for continued health (REACH) registry.
BACKGROUND
Prior investigations to define ethnic-related differences in the risks, medical treatment, and outcomes of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have been limited.


METHODS
The impact of ethnicity on the risk factor profiles, use of evidence-based medical therapies, and 2-year cardiovascular outcomes were investigated in 2,168 individuals (blacks n = 237, Hispanics n = 115, whites n = 1,816) from the United States with PAD from the international Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health Registry.


RESULTS
Blacks and Hispanics were more likely to have diabetes mellitus and hypertension, whereas whites had a higher rate of diagnosed hypercholesterolemia. Control of blood pressure and cholesterol levels differed significantly in the groups at baseline: elevated blood pressure was present in 55% of blacks versus 48% of Hispanics versus 38% of whites (P < .01), whereas 41% of blacks versus 31% of Hispanics versus 25% of whites had elevated total cholesterol (P < .01). Aspirin use (62% of blacks vs 68% of Hispanics vs 72% of whites, P < .01) and statin use (72% of blacks vs 68% of Hispanics vs 77% of whites, P = .03) also varied significantly. In this context, rates by ethnicity for cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke seemed to be no different at 2 years, at 8.8% for the total population: 11.6% for blacks, 8.5% for whites, and 5.0% for Hispanics (P = .32). Fewer blacks (0.6%) had undergone peripheral arterial bypass surgery compared with whites (3.4%) and Hispanics (5.2%) (P = .02).


CONCLUSIONS
Ethnic-related differences have been documented in the prevalence and treatment of several atherosclerotic risk factors known to be associated with PAD, including a variation in the use of surgical revascularization procedures.
Meadows
Telly A
TA
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Bhatt
Deepak L
DL
Hirsch
Alan T
AT
Creager
Mark A
MA
Califf
Robert M
RM
Ohman
E Magnus
EM
Cannon
Christopher P
CP
Eagle
Kim A
KA
Alberts
Mark J
MJ
Goto
Shinya
S
Smith
Sidney C
SC
Wilson
Peter W F
PW
Watson
Karol E
KE
Steg
P Gabriel
PG
D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People