title: Prediction of pharmacokinetic profile of valsartan in humans based on in vitro uptake-transport data.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for predicting PK profiles in humans based on a model refined in rats and humans in vitro uptake-transport data using valsartan as a probe substrate. Valsartan is eliminated unchanged, mostly through biliary excretion, both in humans and rats. It was, therefore, chosen as model compound to predict in vivo elimination based on in vitro hepatic uptake-transport data using a fully mechanistic PBPK model. Plated rat and human hepatocytes, and cell lines overexpressing human OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 were used for in vitro uptake experiments. A mechanistic two-compartment model was used to derive the active and passive transport parameters, namely uptake Michaelis-Menten parameters (V(max) and K(m,u)) together with passive diffusion (P(dif)). These transport parameters were then used as input in a whole body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. The uptake rate of valsartan was higher for rat hepatocytes (K(m,u)=28.4+/-3.7 microM, V(max)=1320+/-180 pmol/mg/min, and P(dif) =1.21+/-0.42 microl/mg/min) compared to human hepatocytes (K(m,u)=44.4+/-14.6 microM, V(max)=304+/-85 pmol/mg/min, and P(dif)=0.724+/-0.271 microl/mg/min). OATP1B1 and -1B3 parameters were correlated to human hepatocyte data, using experimentally established relative activity factors (RAF). Resulting PBPK simulations were compared for plasma- (humans and rats) and bile- (rats) concentration-time profiles following iv bolus administration of valsartan. Plasma clearances (CL(P)) for rats and humans were predicted within twofold relative to predictions based on respective in vitro data. The simulations were extended to simulate the impact of either OATP1B1 or -1B3 inhibition on plasma profile. The limited data set indicates that the mechanistic model allowed for accurate evaluation of in vitro transport data; and the resulting hepatic uptake transport kinetic parameters enabled the prediction of in vivo PK profiles and plasma clearances, using PBPK modelling. Moreover, the interspecies difference in elimination rate observed in vivo was correctly reflected in the transport parameters determined in vitro.
authors: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Non-Clinical Development, Drug Safety, CH-4070 Basel. agnes.poirier@roche.com
authors: Agnès
authors: A
authors: Poirier
authors: Anne-Christine
authors: AC
authors: Cascais
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Funk
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Lavé
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005544:Forecasting; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D027381:Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; D008954:Models, Biological; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029362:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D000074542:Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014162:Transfection; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000068756:Valsartan
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D027381:Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D029362:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent; C503999:SLCO1B1 protein, human; C421209:SLCO1B3 protein, human; D000074542:Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000068756:Valsartan; D014633:Valine