title: Prognostic factors influencing long-term survival of patients undergoing nephron-sparing surgery for nonmetastatic renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) with imperative indications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We assessed the effect of T stage, Fuhrman's grade, multifocality, bilaterality, positive surgical margins, and synchronism of bilateral tumors on cancer-specific survival of patients with nonmetastatic renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing nephron-sparing surgery for imperative indications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 168 patients who underwent nephron-sparing surgery for imperative RCC indications between 1974 and 2002. A total of 85 patients had bilateral RCCs; in 27 patients, the tumors were multifocal. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to assess the features associated with cancer-specific survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up was 99 months (range, 2-326 months). Patients were followed until January 2008. A total of 52 patients died of their cancer during follow-up. Multivariate analyses of the total group only revealed Fuhrman's grade 3 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.94) and bilateral occurrence of RCC (HR 1.82) as independent prognostic factors. In a subgroup analysis of patients with bilateral occurrence of RCC, we observed a tendency toward positive surgical margins (HR 2.89, P = 0.08) being another negative prognostic factor. There was no difference in cancer-specific survival between patients with synchronous and metachronous bilateral RCC presence (HR 1.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fuhrman's grade 3 and bilateral occurrence of RCC were the only statistically significant prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival in patients undergoing nephron-sparing surgery for imperative indications for nonmetastatic RCC. The presence of sporadic multifocal tumors and the synchronous occurrence of bilateral tumors have no influence on cancer-specific survival, while positive surgical margins may have an impact in the subset of patients with bilateral RCC.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Axel_Haferkamp@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors: Axel
authors: A
authors: Haferkamp
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Kurosch
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Pritsch
authors: Gencay
authors: G
authors: Hatiboglu
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Macher-Goeppinger
authors: Jesco
authors: J
authors: Pfitzenmaier
authors: Sascha
authors: S
authors: Pahernik
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Wagener
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Hohenfellner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D009399:Nephrons / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult