Is thenar tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation in septic shock related to macrohemodynamic variables and outcome?
BACKGROUND
The study objectives were to evaluate septic shock-induced alterations in skeletal muscle hemoglobin oxygenation saturation (StO2) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and forearm skin blood flow velocity using laser Doppler (LD) to determine the relationship of macroperfusion and microperfusion parameters, and to test the relationship of the worst NIRS parameters during the first 24 hours of shock with 28-day prognosis.


METHODS
A prospective, observational study was performed in a 21-bed university hospital surgical intensive care unit. Forty-three septic shock patients with at least another organ failure underwent a 3-minute, upper arm (brachial artery) vascular occlusion test (VOT). Microperfusion parameters (thenar eminence StO2 and forearm LD skin blood flow) were collected on days 1, 2 and 3, before (baseline StO2 and LD values) and during the 3-minute VOT with calculation of occlusion and reperfusion slopes for StO2 and LD. Daily Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, macrohemodynamic parameters (systolic arterial blood pressure, cardiac output (pulmonary artery catheter or transesophageal Doppler), mixed venous oxygen saturation (pulmonary artery or superior vena cava catheter)) and metabolic parameters (pH, base excess, lactate) were determined.


RESULTS
Baseline StO2 (82% (75 to 88) vs. 89% (85 to 92), P = 0.04) and reperfusion slope (2.79%/second (1.75 to 4.32) vs. 9.35%/second (8.32 to 11.57), P < 0.0001) were lower in septic shock patients than in healthy volunteers. StO2 reperfusion slope correlated with occlusion slope (P < 0.0001), cardiac output (P = 0.01) and LD reperfusion slope (P = 0.08), and negatively with lactate level (P = 0.04). The worst StO2 reperfusion slope during the first day of shock was lower in nonsurvivors than in survivors (P = 0.003) and improved significantly the predictive value of Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and SOFA scores.


CONCLUSIONS
The alteration of StO2 reperfusion slope in septic shock patients compared with healthy volunteers was related with macrohemodynamic, microhemodynamic and metabolic parameters. The addition of the worst value of the day 1 StO2 reperfusion slope improved the outcome prediction of Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and SOFA scores.
Payen
Didier
D
Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine - SAMU and Laboratory of Anesthesiology, EA322, Hospital Lariboisière, AP-HP and Paris 7 Diderot University, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France. dpayen1234@aol.com
Luengo
Cecilia
C
Heyer
Laurent
L
Resche-Rigon
Matthieu
M
Kerever
Sébastien
S
Damoisel
Charles
C
Losser
Marie Reine
MR
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D006454:Hemoglobins