[Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures].
BACKGROUND
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure is the term used for epilepsy-like seizures assumed to have psychological causes. Many patients with such seizures are misdiagnosed with epilepsy, and are consequently treated with antiepileptic drugs for many years. Assessment of a thorough medical history and ictal EEG-recordings will lead to the right diagnosis in most cases. The article provides an overview of this condition, which often represents large diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and is the most frequent differential diagnosis in epilepsy.


METHODS
The article is based on literature identified through a non-systematic search in PubMed up to January 2009.


RESULTS
Much literature is available in the field. 10-20 % of those referred to epilepsy centers because of therapy-resistant epilepsy, have psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. 70-80 % of these patients are women. The attacks may resemble all types of epileptic seizures, from absence-like episodes to tonic-clonic-like seizures.


CONCLUSIONS
Such seizures may have a wide spectre of causes, including chronic psychological conflicts and psychotraumas. Treatment should therefore be tailored to individuals.
Lund
Caroline
C
Epilepsisenteret - SSE Nevrologisk avdeling, Oslo, Norway. caroline.lund@epilepsy.no
Haraldsen
Ira
I
Lossius
Morten I
MI
Bjørnaes
Helge
H
Lossius
Rasmus
R
Nakken
Karl O
KO
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology
D000927:Anticonvulsants