title: Dammarenolic acid, a secodammarane triterpenoid from Aglaia sp. shows potent anti-retroviral activity in vitro.
abstract: Screening of a panel of purified compounds isolated from Aglaia sp. (Meliaceae) for inhibition of early steps in the lentiviral replication cycle led to the identification of the 3, 4-secodammarane triterpenoid, ignT1, which inhibited HIV-1 infection potently (IC(50)=0.48microg/ml), while cytotoxic effects and inhibition of cell proliferation were only observed at concentrations exceeding 10.69microg/ml. Time of addition experiments revealed similar kinetics to the non-nucleoside RT-inhibitor (NNRTI), Nevirapine, although the latter was significantly less cytotoxic. However, unlike Nevirapine, dammarenolic acid also potently inhibited the in vitro replication of other retroviruses, including Simian immunodeficiency virus and Murine leukemic virus in vector-based antiviral screening studies. Interestingly, the methyl ester analogue of dammarenolic acid-methyldammarenolate had no anti-HIV-1 activity. Cell cycle analysis revealed that ignT1 arrests HeLa cells at the S and G2/M phase. These results strongly suggest that dammarenolic acid could be a promising lead compound for the development of novel anti-retrovirals.
authors: Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany. coesimone@yahoo.com <coesimone@yahoo.com>
authors: Charles O
authors: CO
authors: Esimone
authors: Gero
authors: G
authors: Eck
authors: Chukwuemeka S
authors: CS
authors: Nworu
authors: Dennis
authors: D
authors: Hoffmann
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Uberla
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Proksch
mesh_terms: D031602:Aglaia; D000818:Animals; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003603:Cytotoxins; D004952:Esters; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D000882:Haplorhini; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000187:drug effects; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000187:drug effects; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D003603:Cytotoxins; D004952:Esters; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; C550915:dammarenolic acid; D019829:Nevirapine