title: A functional axis based upper extremity model and associated calibration procedures.
abstract: An upper extremity model focusing on an accurate and complete description of elbow motion is introduced. Both glenohumeral center of rotation and functional elbow axes are computed and used for anatomical coordinate descriptions. Model results match goniometric measures of the flexed elbow and test-retest analyses of six subjects were repeatable within 5 degrees for most measures. The elbow axis from 25 individuals was located about 12 mm distal and anterior to the midpoint of the transepicondylar axis, placing it aligned with the center of the trochlea. Carrying angle of the elbow was determined to be 11 degrees of abduction (valgus) with the arm extended.
authors: Motion Analysis Laboratory, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Fairfax Rd. @ Virginia St., Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA. bmacwilliams@shrinenet.org
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: MacWilliams
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Sardelli
authors: R Z
authors: RZ
authors: Tashjian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002138:Calibration; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology*