title: VEGF/VEGFR2 interaction down-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 via STAT1 activation and inhibits B chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell migration.
abstract: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) migration involves several molecules, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We have studied whether VEGF regulates MMP-9. VEGF significantly reduced MMP-9 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner, measured by gelatin zymography. Blocking the VEGFR2 receptor restored MMP-9 levels, implicating this receptor in the observed effect. Down-regulation of MMP-9 by VEGF resulted in significant inhibition of B-CLL cell migration through Matrigel or human umbilical vein endothelial cells, confirming the crucial role of MMP-9 in these processes. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that VEGF regulated MMP-9 at the transcriptional level. Indeed, VEGF induced STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, and this was blocked by inhibiting VEGFR2. STAT1 was responsible for MMP-9 down-regulation, as STAT1 gene silencing restored MMP-9 production and B-CLL cell migration in the presence of VEGF. Thus, the levels of VEGF and MMP-9 influence B-CLL cell expansion and both molecules could constitute therapeutic targets for this disease.
authors: Cellular and Molecular Medicine Programme, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Estefanía
authors: E
authors: Ugarte-Berzal
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Redondo-Muñoz
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Eroles
authors: Mercedes Hernández
authors: MH
authors: Del Cerro
authors: José A
authors: JA
authors: García-Marco
authors: María José
authors: MJ
authors: Terol
authors: Angeles
authors: A
authors: García-Pardo
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9