title: Collagen and calcium-binding EGF domains 1 is frequently inactivated in ovarian cancer by aberrant promoter hypermethylation and modulates cell migration and survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Collagen and calcium-binding EGF domains 1 (CCBE1) is an uncharacterised gene that has down-regulated expression in breast cancer. As CCBE1 maps to 18q21.32, a region frequently exhibiting loss of heterozygosity in ovarian cancer, the aim of this study was to determine the expression and function of CCBE1 in ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression and methylation patterns of CCBE1 were determined in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary tumours. CCBE1 contains collagen repeats and an aspartic acid/asparagine hydroxylation/EGF-like domain, suggesting a function in extracellular matrix remodelling and migration, which was determined using small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown and over-expression of CCBE1 in cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCBE1 is expressed in normal ovary, but is reduced in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary carcinomas. Pharmacological demethylation/deacetylation in ovarian cancer cell lines re-induced CCBE1 expression, indicating that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to its silencing in cancer. CCBE1 promoter hypermethylation was detected in 6/11 (55%) ovarian cancer cell lines and 38/81 (41%) ovarian carcinomas. siRNA-mediated knockdown of CCBE1 in ovarian cancer cell lines enhanced their migration; conversely, re-expression of CCBE1 reduced migration and survival. Hence, loss of CCBE1 expression may promote ovarian carcinogenesis by enhancing migration and cell survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that CCBE1 is a new candidate tumour suppressor in ovarian cancer.
authors: Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Barton
authors: B S
authors: BS
authors: Gloss
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Qu
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Statham
authors: N F
authors: NF
authors: Hacker
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Sutherland
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Clark
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C546964:CCBE1 protein, human; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins