VLDL lipolysis products increase VLDL fluidity and convert apolipoprotein E4 into a more expanded conformation.
Our previous work indicated that apolipoprotein (apo) E4 assumes a more expanded conformation in the postprandial period. The postprandial state is characterized by increased VLDL lipolysis. In this article, we tested the hypothesis that VLDL lipolysis products increase VLDL particle fluidity, which mediates expansion of apoE4 on the VLDL particle. Plasma from healthy subjects was collected before and after a moderately high-fat meal and incubated with nitroxyl-spin labeled apoE. ApoE conformation was examined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using targeted spin probes on cysteines introduced in the N-terminal (S76C) and C-terminal (A241C) domains. Further, we synthesized a novel nitroxyl spin-labeled cholesterol analog, which gave insight into lipoprotein particle fluidity. Our data revealed that the order of lipoprotein fluidity was HDL approximately LDL<VLDL<VLDL+lipoprotein lipase. Moreover, the conformation of apoE4 depended on the lipoprotein fraction: VLDL-associated apoE4 had a more linear conformation than apoE4 associated with LDL or HDL. Further, by changing VLDL fluidity, VLDL lipolysis products significantly altered apoE4 into a more expanded conformation. Our studies indicate that after every meal, VLDL fluidity is increased causing apoE4 associated with VLDL to assume a more expanded conformation, potentially enhancing the pathogenicity of apoE4 in vascular tissue.
Tetali
Sarada D
SD
Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India. sdtsl@uohyd.ernet.in
Budamagunta
Madhu S
MS
Simion
Catalina
C
den Hartigh
Laura J
LJ
Kálai
Tamás
T
Hideg
Kálmán
K
Hatters
Danny M
DM
Weisgraber
Karl H
KH
Voss
John C
JC
Rutledge
John C
JC
D053318:Apolipoprotein E3 / Q000737:chemistry; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008066:Lipolysis; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019518:Postprandial Period; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism
D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D010446:Peptide Fragments