title: Post-traumatic interpeduncular cistern hemorrhage as a marker for brainstem lesions.
abstract: We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected database of our diffuse axonal injury (DAI) patients to evaluate the accuracy of the evidence of interpeduncular cistern (IPC) blood on computed tomography (CT) scan when diagnosing brainstem lesions (BSL) early after trauma. From December 1989 to December 2008 we prospectively maintained a clinical and radiological database of head injured patients admitted to our neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) that met the following criteria: coma (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score < 9) following the traumatic event; neurological derangement not ascribable to hypoxia, hypotension, or long-acting drugs able to alter state of consciousness; absence of lesions accounting for the severity of coma either on the admission CT scan or on subsequent CT scans; and no contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; e.g., indwelling metallic implants). Patients with MRI evidence of BSL exhibited a significantly higher incidence of IPC blood on CT scan than patients without such evidence (77.92% versus 20.00%; p < 0.0001). However, these same patients showed a similar incidence of lesions not associated with IPC blood (68.83% versus 56%; p = 0.2459). The evidence of IPC blood on CT scan as an indicator of BSL had a sensitivity of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.86), and a specificity of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.88), with a 3.90 likelihood ratio for a positive CT scan, and a 0.28 likelihood ratio for a negative CT scan. Our data suggest that the finding of IPC blood on CT scan early after trauma in patients with otherwise unexplained coma is a good marker for possible brainstem lesions.
authors: Head and Neck Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Beretta
authors: Nicoletta
authors: N
authors: Anzalone
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Dell'Acqua
authors: Maria Rosa
authors: MR
authors: Calvi
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Gemma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020833:Diffuse Axonal Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020206:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013346:Subarachnoid Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013681:Tegmentum Mesencephali / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers