title: Retraction pockets of pars tensa in pediatric patients: clinical evolution and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess outcome in pediatric patients after treatment for retraction pockets of pars tensa in relation to retraction grade, site, occurrence of complications, and patient age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes in 45 ears of 37 children medically or surgically treated for retraction pockets were compared to a control group of 40 untreated children over a follow-up period of at least 24 months. Grade I and II retractions were treated with medical therapy or ventilation tube insertion; in III or IV grade retractions, excision and tympanic reinforcement with cartilage grafting and in some cases ossiculoplasty were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medical treatment or ventilation tube insertion resolved grade I and II retractions in 94% of cases. In grade III or IV retractions the anatomic success rate was 75.8%. Normal hearing (air-bone gap <10 dB) was restored in 31 (68.8%) cases. Surgical failures and complications (recurrence, tympanic membrane perforation, progression to cholesteatoma) were higher in posterior retractions. In the control group, only 35% of retractions healed spontaneously; in the remaining cases the condition progressed to more serious retractions or complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A wait and see approach or conservative therapy is indicated only in mild-to-moderate retraction pockets owing to their benign prognosis. Pocket excision and tympanic reinforcement are absolutely indicated in advanced retractions with complications and/or bilateral conductive hearing loss to avert progression to more serious pathologies.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Foggia, Via Guerrieri 2, 71100 Foggia, Italy. m.cassano@unifg.it
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Cassano
authors: Pasquale
authors: P
authors: Cassano
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation; D009998:Ossicular Prosthesis; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000601:surgery*