title: Intravenous immunoglobulin and necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns with hemolytic disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess whether the use of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in late-preterm and term newborns with severe isoimmune hemolytic jaundice caused by Rh and ABO incompatibility was a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational, retrospective study that encompassed 16 years was conducted. A total of 492 liveborn infants who were of >or=34 weeks' gestation and had severe isoimmune hemolytic jaundice caused by Rh (n = 91) and ABO (n = 401) incompatibility and were treated with phototherapy were included in the study. IVIG (500 mg/kg over 2-4 hours) was indicated when total serum bilirubin level plus 2 points reached 85% of the cutoff value for performing exchange transfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 167 (34%) infants received IVIG. NEC was diagnosed in 11 (2.2%) patients: 10 (6%) in the IVIG-treated group and 1 (0.3%) in the non-IVIG-treated group. Five patients required urgent operation, and 1 of them died as a result of massive intestinal necrosis. Another patient died 2 years later as a result of short bowel syndrome. In the multivariate analysis, cesarean delivery (odds ratio [OR]: 3.76 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-12.90), Apgar test at 5 minutes (OR: 0.50 [95% CI: 0.40-0.64), and IVIG (OR: 31.66 [95% CI: 3.25-308.57]) were independent factors significantly associated with NEC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of high-dose IVIG for severe isoimmune hemolytic jaundice in late-preterm and term infants was associated with a higher incidence of NEC.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology, Institut Clínic deGinecologia, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. jfiguer@clinic.ub.es
authors: Josep
authors: J
authors: Figueras-Aloy
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Rodríguez-Miguélez
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Iriondo-Sanz
authors: María-Dolores
authors: MD
authors: Salvia-Roiges
authors: Francesc
authors: F
authors: Botet-Mussons
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Carbonell-Estrany
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility / Q000175:diagnosis; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004899:Erythroblastosis, Fetal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013030:Spain; D016019:Survival Analysis; D047929:Term Birth
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous