title: Dynamic near-infrared optical imaging of 2-deoxyglucose uptake by intracranial glioma of athymic mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is recognized that cancer cells exhibit highly elevated glucose metabolism compared to non-tumor cells. We have applied in vivo optical imaging to study dynamic uptake of a near-infrared dye-labeled glucose analogue, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) by orthotopic glioma in a mouse model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The orthotopic glioma model was established by surgically implanting U87-luc glioma cells into the right caudal nuclear area of nude mice. Intracranial tumor growth was monitored longitudinally by bioluminescence imaging and MRI. When tumor size reached >4 mm diameter, dynamic fluorescence imaging was performed after an injection of the NIR labeled 2-DG, IRDye800CW 2-DG. Real-time whole body images acquired immediately after i.v. infusion clearly visualized the near-infrared dye circulating into various internal organs sequentially. Dynamic fluorescence imaging revealed significantly higher signal intensity in the tumor side of the brain than the contralateral normal brain 24 h after injection (tumor/normal ratio, TNR = 2.8+/-0.7). Even stronger contrast was achieved by removing the scalp (TNR = 3.7+/-1.1) and skull (TNR = 4.2+/-1.1) of the mice. In contrast, a control dye, IRDye800CW carboxylate, showed little difference (1.1+/-0.2). Ex vivo fluorescence imaging performed on ultrathin cryosections (20 microm) of tumor bearing whole brain revealed distinct tumor margins. Microscopic imaging identified cytoplasmic locations of the 2-DG dye in tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the near-infrared dye labeled 2-DG may serve as a useful fluorescence imaging probe to noninvasively assess intracranial tumor burden in preclinical animal models.
authors: Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
authors: Heling
authors: H
authors: Zhou
authors: Kate
authors: K
authors: Luby-Phelps
authors: Bruce E
authors: BE
authors: Mickey
authors: Amyn A
authors: AA
authors: Habib
authors: Ralph P
authors: RP
authors: Mason
authors: Dawen
authors: D
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008954:Models, Biological; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010477:Perfusion
chemical_list: D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005947:Glucose