Allergic rhinitis and the common cold--high cost to society.
The common cold and allergic rhinitis constitute a global health problem that affects social life, sleep, school and work performance and is likely to impose a substantial economic burden on society because of absence from work and reduced working capacity. This study assesses the loss of productivity as a result of both allergic rhinitis and the common cold in the Swedish working population.


METHODS
Four thousand questionnaires were sent to a randomized adult population, aged 18-65 years, in Sweden, stratified by gender and area of residence (metropolitan area vs rest of the country). The human capital approach was used to assign monetary value to lost productivity in terms of absenteeism (absence from work), presenteeism (reduced working capacity while at work) and caregiver absenteeism (absence from work to take care of a sick child).


RESULTS
Thousand two hundred and thirteen individuals responded, response rate 32%. The mean productivity loss was estimated at 5.1 days or euro 653 per worker and year, yielding a total productivity loss in Sweden of euro 2.7 billion a year. Of the total costs, absenteeism (44%) was the dominant factor, followed by presenteeism (37%) and caregiver absenteeism (19%). Poisson regression analyses revealed that women, people in the 18-29 year age group, and respondents with 'doctor-diagnosed asthma' reported more lost days than the rest of the group.


CONCLUSIONS
In Sweden, the cost of rhinitis is euro 2.7 billion a year in terms of lost productivity. A reduction in lost productivity of 1 day per individual and year would potentially save euro 528 million.
Hellgren
J
J
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Capio Lundby Hospital, Wieselgrensplatsen 2A, Göteborg, Sweden. Johan.Hellgren@capio.se
Cervin
A
A
Nordling
S
S
Bergman
A
A
Cardell
L O
LO
D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers; D003139:Common Cold / Q000191:economics*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004526:Efficiency; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000191:economics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014937:Work; D055815:Young Adult