title: Effect of carbon ion radiotherapy for sacral chordoma: results of Phase I-II and Phase II clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the results of treatment for sacral chordoma in Phase I-II and Phase II carbon ion radiotherapy trials for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of 38 patients with medically unresectable sacral chordomas treated with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, Japan between 1996 and 2003. Of the 38 patients, 30 had not received previous treatment and 8 had locally recurrent tumor after previous resection. The applied carbon ion dose was 52.8-73.6 Gray equivalents (median, 70.4) in a total of 16 fixed fractions within 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median patient age was 66 years. The cranial tumor extension was S2 or greater in 31 patients. The median clinical target volume was 523 cm(3). The median follow-up period was 80 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 86%, and the 5-year local control rate was 89%. After treatment, 27 of 30 patients with primary tumor remained ambulatory with or without supportive devices. Two patients experienced severe skin or soft-tissue complications requiring skin grafts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbon ion radiotherapy appears effective and safe in the treatment of patients with sacral chordoma and offers a promising alternative to surgery.
authors: Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan. r_imai@nirs.go.jp
authors: Reiko
authors: R
authors: Imai
authors: Tadashi
authors: T
authors: Kamada
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Tsuji
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Sugawara
authors: Itsuko
authors: I
authors: Serizawa
authors: Hirohiko
authors: H
authors: Tsujii
authors: Shin-ichiro
authors: S
authors: Tatezaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002817:Chordoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012447:Sacrum; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes