title: Seriously ill patients' discussions of preparation and life completion: an intervention to assist with transition at the end of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients approaching the end of life not only face challenges to physical well-being but also threats to emotional and spiritual integrity. Yet, identifying appropriate, effective, and brief interventions to address those concerns has proven elusive. We developed an intervention based on life review and emotional disclosure literatures and conducted a pilot study to determine feasibility and acceptability. This article presents qualitative intervention responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a three-armed randomized control trial to evaluate the effects of preparation and life completion discussion on health outcomes in patients with advanced serious illness. Hospice-eligible subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) intervention (life completion discussion intervention), (2) attention control (relaxation meditation), and control (no intervention). Subjects in the intervention arm met with a facilitator three times. Session 1 focused on life story, Session 2 on forgiveness, and Session 3, on heritage and legacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen subjects participated in the pilot intervention interviews. Subjects from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds completed the intervention with equal facility. Results from Session 1 demonstrate narrative responses participants gave as they reconnected with previous life roles, values, and accomplishments. The second session illustrated reflections of choices one might have made differently and exploration of forgiveness offered and sought. Content from the first and second sessions laid the foundation for discussing Session 3's lessons learned and heritage and legacy. Responses are summarized to assist clinicians in anticipating life review content that may improve overall quality of life at the end of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Discussions of life completion may improve important health outcomes for patients at the end of life. This intervention may provide a brief, standardized, and transportable means for improving the quality of life of patients with advanced serious illness.
authors: Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. karen.steinhauser@duke.edu
authors: Karen E
authors: KE
authors: Steinhauser
authors: Stewart C
authors: SC
authors: Alexander
authors: Ira R
authors: IR
authors: Byock
authors: Linda K
authors: LK
authors: George
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Tulsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001293:Attitude to Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012944:Social Support; D012945:Social Values; D029181:Spirituality; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology*; D019452:Terminally Ill / Q000523:psychology*