title: Christmas: Years Like This. Ingested foreign bodies and societal wealth: three year observational study of swallowed coins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation between coins ingested by children and the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study. Main outcome measures Total value of coins ingested and number of incidents of coins versus other objects swallowed, measured before and after the stock market crash of October 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen objects, including 11 coins, were ingested (NASDAQ (numismatic and sundry detritus acquired) composite of 18). The total value of the 11 coins swallowed was $1.03 (FTSE 100 (fraction of the US$ or 100 cents) index of 103). The pecuniary extraction ratio (PE ratio) was 0.57 (9/16). Comparing values for a period before and after October 2008, the mean monthly NASDAQ composite (0.41 (SD 0.67) v 0.5 (0.85), P=0.75), FTSE 100 index in cents (2.3 (6.8) v 3.1 (7.8), P=0.77), and PE ratio (0.54 (0.52) v 0.66 (0.29), P=0.50) did not change. The mean end-of-month closing value of the Dow Jones, however, decreased significantly (12 537 (841.4) v 8388 (699.8), P<0.001)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no detectable difference in the total value of coins ingested, or ratio of coins to other objects swallowed, before or after a massive stock market crash.
authors: Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. pfirth@partners.org
authors: P G
authors: PG
authors: Firth
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Zheng
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Biller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007449:Investments / Q000191:economics*; D009717:Numismatics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014925:Wit and Humor as Topic