title: Therapeutic effects of magnetic and copper bracelets in osteoarthritis: a randomised placebo-controlled crossover trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effectiveness of a typical magnetic wrist strap for reducing pain and stiffness, and for improving physical functioning amongst patients with osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. Each participant wore four devices over a 16-week period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty five patients with osteoarthritis were recruited from general practices in rural and urban areas of Yorkshire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental device: a commercially available magnetic wrist strap. Control devices: a weak magnetic wrist strap, a demagnetised wrist strap, and a copper bracelet.
  
  
  METHODS
  The WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index, the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Pain Rating Index (PRI), a pain visual analogue scale (VAS), and medication use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was observed between devices in terms of their effects on pain as measured by the primary outcome measure (WOMAC A), the PRI and the VAS. Similar results were obtained for stiffness (WOMAC B), physical function (WOMAC C), and medication use. Further analyses of the PRI subscales revealed a statistically significant difference between devices (P=0.025), which favoured the experimental device. Participants reported lower sensory pain after wearing the standard magnetic wrist strap, than when wearing control devices. However, no adjustment was made for multiple testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that magnetic and copper bracelets are generally ineffective for managing pain, stiffness and physical function in osteoarthritis. Reported therapeutic benefits are most likely attributable to non-specific placebo effects. However such devices have no major adverse effects and may provide hope.
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Area 3, Seebohm Rowntree Building, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom. sjr503@york.ac.uk
authors: Stewart J
authors: SJ
authors: Richmond
authors: Sally R
authors: SR
authors: Brown
authors: Peter D
authors: PD
authors: Campion
authors: Amanda J L
authors: AJ
authors: Porter
authors: Jennifer A Klaber
authors: JA
authors: Moffett
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Jackson
authors: Valerie A
authors: VA
authors: Featherstone
authors: Andrew J
authors: AJ
authors: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000379:methods*; D003300:Copper / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055498:Jewelry; D008280:Magnetics / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000628:therapy*; D059408:Pain Management; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014953:Wrist
chemical_list: D003300:Copper