title: General surgery resident practice plans: a workforce for the future?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Available evidence indicates that there will be a general surgical workforce shortage in the future.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 21-question survey instrument was mailed to all general surgery residency programs in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,169 residents responded. Seventy-eight percent of respondents anticipate pursuing fellowship training and thereby narrowing their scope of practice. Both male and female residents indicate that lifestyle is important in their decision-making process for choosing a fellowship and in the choice of practice type. Our data revealed that female residents anticipate working fewer hours, taking less emergency call, taking more extended leaves of absence, and retiring earlier than their male counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of the health care system's future needs continue to be difficult. However, available evidence points to a shortfall in the general surgery workforce. An evaluation of our capacity to train new general surgeons should be performed to meet future demands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Room 3082, 929 N Saint Francis Street, Wichita, KS 67214, USA.
authors.forename: Jack R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hudkins
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Helmer
authors.forename: R Stephen
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D002321:Career Choice; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce