title: Metformin reduces arterial stiffness and improves endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased prevalence of insulin resistance and display subclinical evidence of early cardiovascular disease. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and circulating markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with PCOS, but it is unclear whether this translates into improvements in vascular function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to evaluate the effects of metformin on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in women with PCOS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty women with PCOS were assigned to consecutive 12-wk treatment periods of metformin or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design separated by an 8-wk washout.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome measures were assessments of arterial stiffness [augmentation index (AIx), central blood pressure, and brachial and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV)] and endothelial function. Anthropometry, testosterone, and metabolic biochemistry (lipids, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metformin improved AIx [-6.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference -8.5 to -3.5%; P < 0.001], aortic PWV (-0.76 m/sec; 95% CI for the difference -1.12 to -0.4 m/sec; P < 0.001), brachial PWV (-0.73 m/sec; 95% CI for the difference -1.09 to -0.38; P < 0.001), central blood pressure (P < 0.001), and endothelium-dependent (AIx after albuterol; P = 0.003) and endothelium-independent (AIx after nitroglycerin; P < 0.001) vascular responses. Metformin also reduced weight (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), and triglycerides (P = 0.004) and increased adiponectin (P = 0.001) but did not affect testosterone or other metabolic measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term metformin therapy improves arterial stiffness and endothelial function in young women with PCOS.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Neera
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Sam P L
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Hemanth
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bolusani
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Luzio
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunseath
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ludgate
authors.forename: D Aled
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rees
mesh_terms: D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008687:Metformin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D000263:Adenylate Kinase