title: Oxidative damage in Parkinson disease: Measurement using accurate biomarkers.
abstract: Oxidative damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD) but the literature data are confusing. Using products of lipid and DNA oxidation measured by accurate methods, we assessed the extent of oxidative damage in PD patients. The levels of plasma F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid products (HETEs), cholesterol oxidation products, neuroprostanes (F(4)-NPs), phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activities, urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were compared in 61 PD patients and 61 age-matched controls. The levels of plasma F(2)-IsoPs, HETEs, 7beta-and 27-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, F(4)-NPs, and urinary 8-OHdG were elevated, whereas the levels of plasma PLA(2) and PAF-AH activities were lower, in PD patients compared to controls (p< 0.05). The levels of plasma F(2)-IsoPs, HETEs, and urinary 8-OHdG were higher in the early stages of PD (p trend< 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the cumulative intake of levodopa and urinary 8-OHdG (r= -0.305, p= 0.023) and plasma total HETEs (r= -0.285, p= 0.043). Oxidative damage markers are systemically elevated in PD, which may give clues about the relation of oxidative damage to the onset and progression of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. raymond_seet@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Raymond C S
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Seet
authors.forename: Chung-Yung J
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Erle C H
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: June J H
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Amy M L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Quek
authors.forename: Wan-Ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Woan-Foon
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Looi
authors.forename: Shan-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Huansong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yiong-Huak
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Halliwell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000737:chemistry; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D018450:Disease Progression; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D007980:Levodopa / Q000494:pharmacology; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D008055:Lipids; D007980:Levodopa; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D004247:DNA; D002784:Cholesterol; D010100:Oxygen