title: Neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the characteristics of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Neuropsychiatric symptoms of 64 iNPH patients with mild triad symptoms from three kinds of hospitals were evaluated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and compared with 126 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequently observed neuropsychiatric symptom in the iNPH patients was apathy followed by anxiety and aggression. No symptom was more prevalent or more severe in iNPH than in AD. The severity of cognitive impairment was correlated with both aberrant motor activity and apathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuropsychiatric symptoms were mild in patients with iNPH and apathy was the most prevalent symptom. The correlation between neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment in iNPH appears to arise from a common pathology in the frontal lobe.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry, Department of Integrated Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kito
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kazui
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Tetsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaya
authors.forename: Tamiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohkawa
authors.forename: Hiroji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Masatsune
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000374:Aggression; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006850:Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015995:Prevalence