title: Implementation of real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty and structural heart disease interventions.
abstract: Percutaneous interventions for structural heart disease are performed in a dynamic and complex environment that necessitates multiple imaging modalities to achieve procedural success. Structural interventions are routinely guided by two-dimensional (2D) modalities such as x-ray fluoroscopy, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and intracardiac echocardiography. Real time imaging with three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography is a novel method of guidance to facilitate complex structural interventions with the promise of greater safety and efficacy. Real time 3D TEE (RT3D-TEE) affords the capability of imaging catheters and devices, the interventional objective, and adjacent structures simultaneously. We present an overview of RT3D-TEE and explore its functionality in structural heart interventions by using percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty as a model.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver (UCD), Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Marvin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Ernesto E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Salcedo
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Quaife
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003199:Computer Systems; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*