title: Contraindicated medication use in dialysis patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The US Food and Drug Administration guides clinicians through drug labeling of medications that are contraindicated or not recommended for use in specific patient groups. Little is known about the use of such medications and their effects on outcomes in clinical practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the use of the contraindicated/not-recommended agents enoxaparin and eptifibatide among dialysis patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and their association with outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 829 US hospitals on 22 778 dialysis patients who underwent PCI between January 1, 2004, and August 31, 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-hospital bleeding and death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five thousand eighty-four patients (22.3%) received a contraindicated antithrombotic; of these patients, 2375 (46.7%) received enoxaparin, 3261 (64.1%) received eptifibatide, and 552 (10.9%) received both. Compared with patients who did not receive a contraindicated antithrombotic, patients who did had higher rates of in-hospital bleeding (5.6% vs 2.9%; odds ratio [OR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.66-2.23) and death (6.5% vs 3.9%; OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.46-1.95). After multivariable adjustment, patients receiving contraindicated antithrombotics had significantly higher risks of in-hospital bleeding (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43-1.92) and death (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04-1.48). In 10 158 patients matched by propensity scores, receipt of contraindicated antithrombotics remained significantly associated with in-hospital bleeding (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.35-1.98) but not in-hospital death (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.97-1.36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a sample of dialysis patients undergoing PCI, 22.3% received a contraindicated antithrombotic medication. In propensity-matched analysis, receipt of these medications was significantly associated with an increased risk of in-hospital major bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Denver VA Medical Center, Cardiology Section 111B, 1055 Clermont St, Denver, CO 80220, USA. thomas.tsai@va.gov
authors.forename: Thomas T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Maddox
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Karen P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: P Michael
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Messenger
authors.forename: Brahmajee K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Nallamothu
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rumsfeld
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000075202:Contraindications; D004363:Drug Utilization; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077542:Eptifibatide; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057216:Propensity Score; D012042:Registries; D012044:Regression Analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D017984:Enoxaparin; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010455:Peptides; D000077542:Eptifibatide