title: Immunogenicity of viral vector, prime-boost SIV vaccine regimens in infant rhesus macaques: attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) recombinant SIV vaccines compared to live-attenuated SIV.
abstract: In a previously developed infant macaque model mimicking HIV infection by breast-feeding, we demonstrated that intramuscular immunization with recombinant poxvirus vaccines expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) structural proteins provided partial protection against infection following oral inoculation with virulent SIV. In an attempt to further increase systemic but also local antiviral immune responses at the site of viral entry, we tested the immunogenicity of different orally administered, replicating vaccines. One group of newborn macaques received an oral prime immunization with a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing SIVmac239 gag, pol and env (VSV-SIVgpe), followed 2 weeks later by an intramuscular boost immunization with MVA-SIV. Another group received two immunizations with live-attenuated SIVmac1A11, administered each time both orally and intravenously. Control animals received mock immunizations or non-SIV VSV and MVA control vectors. Analysis of SIV-specific immune responses in blood and lymphoid tissues at 4 weeks of age demonstrated that both vaccine regimens induced systemic antibody responses and both systemic and local cell-mediated immune responses. The safety and immunogenicity of the VSV-SIVgpe+MVA-SIV immunization regimen described in this report provide the scientific incentive to explore the efficacy of this vaccine regimen against virulent SIV exposure in the infant macaque model.
authors.affiliation: California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Koen K A
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Van Rompay
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Earl
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kozlowski
authors.forename: Juliet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Easlick
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buonocore-Buzzelli
authors.forename: Kimberli A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Marta L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Marthas
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D007117:Immunization, Secondary / Q000379:methods*; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics*; D018116:Vesiculovirus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D007371:Interferon-gamma