title: Comparison of the effects of inhalation, epidural, spinal, and combined anesthesia techniques on rat cremaster muscle flap microcirculation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This experimental study was designed to investigate and compare the effects of different anesthesia techniques on rat cremaster muscle flap microcirculation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats (130-150 g body weight) were divided into five experimental groups containing ten animals each. Group I, group II, and group III were designated as inhalation, epidural, and spinal anesthesia groups, respectively. Group IV was designated as a combination group for inhalation and epidural anesthesia. Group V was a combination group of inhalation and spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group III and group V showed significant increases in the number of rolling and sticking leucocytes and in RBC volume (peripheral stasis) when compared with group I. Blood flow and velocity significantly increased without peripheral stasis in groups II and IV when compared with group I. Although there was no statistically significant difference in the numbers of rolling, sticking, and transmigrating leucocytes or in functional capillary perfusion, group IV had better flow hemodynamics in the peripheral microcirculation when compared with group I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inhalation and epidural anesthesia combination was determined to be the ideal anesthesia technique for improved peripheral microcirculation. Spinal anesthesia, either separately or in combination with inhalation anesthesia, has adverse effects on microcirculation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: Yalcin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kulahci
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zor
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Cengiz Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Acikel
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deveci
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turegun
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sengezer
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012611:Scrotum; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*