title: Disturbances in everyday life activities and sequence disabilities in tool use for Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether everyday life activities are affected by general cognitive impairment or tool using disabilities in Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty AD the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) and 30 VaD the state of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) patients and 10 normal controls (NC) were studied. Everyday activities in the community were assessed with the Social Activities Questionnaire (SAQ), and tool uses were evaluated with the single-tool and the multiple-tool sequence tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SAQ scores of the AD and VaD groups were significantly lower than that of the NC group. For the single tool tasks, the AD and VaD groups exhibited lower scores than the NC group. The sequence score of the VaD group was lower than that of the AD group. The multiple regression analysis disclosed that the SAQ of the AD group was explained by the Mini-Mental State Examination and sequence scores. However, that of the VaD group was mainly explained by the sequence scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disturbances in everyday life activities of AD are associated with general cognitive impairment and sequence disabilities. By contrast, those of VaD may be based only on sequence disabilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Behavioral Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meguro
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires