title: Preliminary results for characterization of pelvic lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer by diffusion-weighted MR-imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this retrospective feasibility study diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) was evaluated as a potential tool for characterization of pelvic lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients with prostate cancer underwent DWI of the pelvis at 1.5T by a non breath-hold SSEPI sequence using a body phased array coil with b values of 50, 300, and 600 s/mm(2) and an additional T2-weighted sequence. A total of 118 lymph nodes (>6 mm short axis) were analyzed by measuring the ADC-value with a polygon region of interest. Feasibility for ADC-measurement was assessed by comparing the ADC-value from the automatically created ADC-map (ADC(MR_unit)) with a manually calculated ACD-value (ADC(calculated)) and by using a linear-regression model for comparison with size and standard deviation of the ADC-value. Diagnostic performance was estimated by receiver operator characteristic analysis using histologic and/or clinical follow-up as standard of reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADC(MR_unit) and ADC(calculated) showed a high correlation (r = 0.8999) with a mean percentual deviation of 6.33%. There was a highly significant difference between the mean ADC-value (x10(-3) mm(2)/s) of malignant (1.07 +/- 0.23) versus benign (1.54 +/- 0.25) lymph nodes, even in subgroup analysis for lymph nodes smaller versus larger than 10 mm. Receiver operator characteristic-analysis showed a good accuracy of the ADC-value (85.6% [101/118]; sensitivity: 86.0% [43/50]; specificity: 85.3% [53/68]) for differentiation of malignant and benign lymph nodes at a cutoff 1.30 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s. This was superior to a size-based analysis at a cutoff of 8 mm (accuracy: 66.1% [78/118]; sensitivity: 82.0% [41/50]; specificity: 54.4% [37/68]; P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DWI has the potential of being an accurate technique for analysis of pelvic lymph nodes. Moreover, our preliminary results suggest that the ADC-value might perform significantly superior to size criteria to discriminate between benign and malignant lymph nodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. matthias.eiber@roe.med.tum.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eiber
authors.forename: Ambros J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holzapfel
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tauber
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ganter
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weirich
authors.forename: Bernd J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Ernst J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rummeny
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies