title: Randomized comparison of strategies for type B aortic dissection: the INvestigation of STEnt Grafts in Aortic Dissection (INSTEAD) trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) represents a novel concept for type B aortic dissection. Although life-saving in acute emergencies, outcomes and survival of TEVAR in stable dissection are unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty patients in stable clinical condition at least 2 weeks after index dissection were randomly subjected to elective stent-graft placement in addition to optimal medical therapy (n=72) or to optimal medical therapy alone (n=68) with surveillance (arterial pressure according to World Health Organization guidelines < or =120/80 mm Hg). The primary end point was all-cause death at 2 years, whereas aorta-related death, progression (with need for conversion or additional endovascular or open surgery), and aortic remodeling were secondary end points. There was no difference in all-cause deaths, with a 2-year cumulative survival rate of 95.6+/-2.5% with optimal medical therapy versus 88.9+/-3.7% with TEVAR (P=0.15); the trial, however, turned out to be underpowered. Moreover, the aorta-related death rate was not different (P=0.44), and the risk for the combined end point of aorta-related death (rupture) and progression (including conversion or additional endovascular or open surgery) was similar (P=0.65). Three neurological adverse events occurred in the TEVAR group (1 paraplegia, 1 stroke, and 1 transient paraparesis), versus 1 case of paraparesis with medical treatment. Finally, aortic remodeling (with true-lumen recovery and thoracic false-lumen thrombosis) occurred in 91.3% of patients with TEVAR versus 19.4% of those who received medical treatment (P<0.001), which suggests ongoing aortic remodeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the first randomized study on elective stent-graft placement in survivors of uncomplicated type B aortic dissection, TEVAR failed to improve 2-year survival and adverse event rates despite favorable aortic remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, Rostock, Germany. christoph.nienaber@med.uni-rostock.de
authors.forename: Christoph A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nienaber
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eggebrecht
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kische
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fattori
authors.forename: Tim C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Rehders
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kundt
authors.forename: Dierk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheinert
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czerny
authors.forename: Tilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kleinfeldt
authors.forename: Burkhart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zipfel
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Labrousse
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ince
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020335:Paraparesis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*