title: Sex differences in the prevalence of post-stroke depression: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression after stroke occurs in 33% of individuals. It is grossly underdiagnosed and untreated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors studied sex differences in the prevalence of post-stroke depression (PSD), which have not been adequately studied, and may have important implications for clinicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed a systematic review of five databases of all observational studies that stratified data by sex, measuring the prevalence of PSD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six publications, including 47 primary studies between 1982 and 2006, met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. A total of 75,131 subjects comprised these studies, with 11,910 women and 62,899 men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of depression among women was higher in 35 studies. Moreover, the prevalence was generally higher among inpatient populations (both in acute-care and rehabilitation facilities) than in community-dwelling subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSD is highly prevalent in both sexes, but appears to be slightly more common among women than men. Untreated depression after stroke can lead to a reduced quality of life, poorer prognosis, and increased mortality. All stroke patients should be routinely screened for depression, and further research is needed to determine whether there are sex-specific differences in response to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poynter
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shuman
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Diaz-Granados
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapral
authors.forename: Sherry L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.forename: Donna E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology