title: Epoetin-beta treatment in patients with cancer chemotherapy-induced anaemia: the impact of initial haemoglobin and target haemoglobin levels on survival, tumour progression and thromboembolic events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epoetin-beta is used to treat patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy to alleviate the symptoms of anaemia, reduce the risk of blood transfusions and improve quality of life (QoL).
  
  
  METHODS
  This meta-analysis of all 12 randomised, controlled studies of epoetin-beta evaluated the impact of therapy at different Hb-initiation levels and to different target Hb levels on overall survival, tumour progression and thromboembolic events (TEE). An analysis of risk factors pre-disposing patients to TEEs under epoetin-beta therapy was also performed. A total of 2297 patients are included in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses based on various Hb-initiation levels indicate no detrimental impact on survival (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.70, 1.40) and a favourable impact on disease progression (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57, 0.94) when epoetin-beta was used within its licensed indication (Hb initiation < or = 10 g dl(-1)) or the EORTC recommended level of 11 g dl(-1). An increased risk of TEEs is seen for all Hb-initiation level strata and a detrimental impact on survival is seen when initiating epoetin-beta therapy at Hb levels >11 g dl(-1). We observe no association between high target Hb levels (> or = 13 g dl(-1)) and an increased risk of mortality, disease progression or TEEs with epoetin-beta compared with control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this analysis indicate that epoetin-beta therapy has no detrimental impact on survival or tumour progression when initiated at Hb levels up to 11 g dl(-1). Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that high Hb values achieved during epoetin-beta therapy are associated with an increased mortality, disease progression or TEE rate.
authors.affiliation: Institut Multidisciplinaire d'Oncologie, Clinique de Genolier, 1, route du Muids, Genolier CH-1272, Switzerland. maapro@genolier.net
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aapro
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Osterwalder
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scherhag
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Burger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012307:Risk Factors; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006454:Hemoglobins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C103998:epoetin beta; D004921:Erythropoietin