title: Neurotransmission SPECT and MR registration combining mutual and gradient information.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Image registration is important in functional image analysis. In neurotransmission single photon emission tomography (nSPECT), specific uptake sites can be accurately localized by superimposing the SPECT study onto a high-resolution structural image such as a magnetic resonance (MR) of the subject. Mutual-information (MI)-based algorithms are usually employed for this purpose. Nevertheless, nSPECT/MR registration using MI is often limited by the low count rates present in nSPECT. Several works have proposed extensions of the MI measures to include gradient information (GI) from the images but their performance has not been evaluated in SPECT studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this work, the accuracy of the MI including gradient information (MIG) was compared with the standard MI using data from healthy volunteers and data simulating a specific uptake reduction using three different radioligands: 123I-IBZM, 123I-ADAM, 123I-R91150.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that MIG-based registration yielded better accuracy than MI. The MIG-based similarity measures were less sensitive to sparse sampling and diminished computational time without a substantial decrease in registration accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accuracy of nSPECT/MR registration is improved when gradient information is included in the MI-based algorithm, which makes MIG-based registration potentially useful for clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Imaging Group, Molecular Imaging Centre, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. sbullich@crccorp.es
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bullich
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pavía
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cot
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Catafau
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001549:Benzamides; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007257:Information Theory; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010880:Piperidines; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010880:Piperidines; D011759:Pyrrolidines; C105020:R 91150; C055743:3-iodo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-N-((1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)benzamide