title: Phagocytosis independent extracellular nanoparticle clearance by human immune cells.
abstract: It has recently been discovered that human immune cells, especially neutrophil granulocytes, form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that abolish pathogens. Our study provides evidence that extracellular traps formed by neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages act as physical barriers for nanoparticles, thus presenting a new nanomaterial clearance mechanism of the human immune system. While particle shape is of minor importance, positive charges significantly enhance particle trapping.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF) BioMAT, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartneck
authors.forename: Heidrun A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Keul
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zwadlo-Klarwasser
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Groll
mesh_terms: D015638:Cytochalasin D / Q000494:pharmacology; D005110:Extracellular Space; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015638:Cytochalasin D; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006046:Gold