title: Is the ability to maximally activate the dorsiflexors in men and women affected by indwelling electromyography needles?
abstract: Brown RE, Bruce SH, Jakobi JM. Is the ability to maximally activate the dorsiflexors in men and women affected by indwelling electromyography needles?
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether maximal force is similar between conditions with and without a microelectrode, and to evaluate potential sex differences when using invasive procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crossover trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young men (n=8; mean +/- SD age, 20.3+/-2.0y) and young women (n=8; mean age +/- SD, 19.8+/-0.4y).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects randomly performed 5 ankle dorsiflexion maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) with an indwelling microelectrode in the tibialis anterior and 5 MVCs with the twitch interpolation technique without a microelectrode. Strength and contractile properties were measured. No visual or oral feedback was provided. When the greatest MVCs from each condition differed by more than 5%, 3 additional attempts were given with feedback in the lesser of the 2 conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men were approximately 39% stronger than women, and contractile properties were approximately 11% faster, but maximal voluntary activation was similar between sexes ( approximately 95%). However, in men and women, the greatest MVC did not differ between the microelectrode and activation conditions (P=.87). In 9 of the 16 subjects, MVC was about 5% less in 1 of 2 conditions. Five of these 9 subjects were able to match or exceed their highest MVC with the aid of visual feedback.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This suggests that muscle strength and contractile properties differ between men and women. Indwelling microelectrodes do not hinder the ability to achieve MVC, but adequate feedback is necessary to achieve the highest force.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Sara H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jakobi
mesh_terms: D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult