title: Patterns of problem-solving in children's literacy and arithmetic.
abstract: Patterns of problem-solving among 5-to-7 year-olds' were examined on a range of literacy (reading and spelling) and arithmetic-based (addition and subtraction) problem-solving tasks using verbal self-reports to monitor strategy choice. The results showed higher levels of variability in the children's strategy choice across Years I and 2 on the arithmetic (addition and subtraction) than literacy-based tasks (reading and spelling). However, across all four tasks, the children showed a tendency to move from less sophisticated procedural-based strategies, which included phonological strategies for reading and spelling and counting-all and finger modellingfor addition and subtraction, to more efficient retrieval methods from Years I to 2. Distinct patterns in children's problem-solving skill were identified on the literacy and arithmetic tasks using two separate cluster analyses. There was a strong association between these two profiles showing that those children with more advanced problem-solving skills on the arithmetic tasks also showed more advanced profiles on the literacy tasks. The results highlight how different-aged children show flexibility in their use of problem-solving strategies across literacy and arithmetical contexts and reinforce the importance of studying variations in children's problem-solving skill across different educational contexts.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK. lee.farringtonflint@ntu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Farrington-Flint
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanuxem-Cotterill
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stiller
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D032882:Comprehension; D003210:Concept Formation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D010700:Phonetics; D011340:Problem Solving; D011932:Reading; D012660:Semantics; D014706:Verbal Learning