title: Low use of statins and other coronary secondary prevention therapies in primary and secondary care in India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of use of pharmacotherapy with aspirin, beta blocker, statin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) among physicians at different levels of health care in Rajasthan state, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physicians practicing at tertiary hospitals and clinics at tertiary, secondary and primary levels were contacted. Prescriptions of CHD patients were audited and descriptive statistics reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 2,993 prescriptions (tertiary hospital discharge 711, tertiary 688, secondary 1,306, and primary 288). Use of aspirin was in 2,713 (91%) of prescriptions, beta blockers 2,057 (69%), ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) 2,471 (82%), and statins 2,059 (69%). Any one of these drugs was prescribed in 2,991 (100%), any two in 2,880 (96%), any three in 1,740 (58%), and all four in 1,062 (35.5%) (P < 0.001). As compared to tertiary hospital, prescriptions at tertiary, secondary, and primary levels were lower: aspirin (96% vs 95%, 91%, 67%), beta blockers (80% vs 62%, 66%, 70%), statins (87% vs 82%, 62%, 21%): two drugs (98% vs 96%, 98%, 85%), three drugs (75% vs 58%, 55%, 28%), or four drugs (54% vs 44%, 28%, 7%) (P < 0.01). Use of ACE inhibitors/ARBs was similar while nitrates (43% vs 23%, 43%, 70%), dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (12% vs 15%, 30%, 47%), and multivitamins (6% vs 26%, 37%, 47%) use was more in secondary and primary care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is suboptimal use of various evidence-based drugs (aspirin, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and statins) for secondary prevention of CHD in India.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, LBS College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, India.
authors.forename: Krishna K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Aachu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Sanjeeb
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasliwal
authors.forename: Ajeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bana
authors.forename: Ravindra K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Tongia
authors.forename: Prakash C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Deedwania
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin