title: Extended orbital exenteration in the treatment of advanced periocular skin cancer with primary reconstruction with a galeacutaneous flap.
abstract: Extended orbital exenteration includes the removal of orbital contents together with the surrounding orbital wall(s). Skin cancers (basal cell cancer and squamous cell skin cancer) arising in the periorbital region could present as invasive tumours infiltrating the orbit and orbital walls. We describe the treatment of advanced invasive skin cancers of the periorbital region by extended orbital exenteration. A retrospective consecutive series over a nine-year period, included 21 extended orbital exenterations treated in a tertiary referral centre. The margins of excision were clear in 18. Twenty postoperative defects were reconstructed using galea-skin flaps, and one defect was left to heal by secondary intention. Two patients died of their disease during the three-year follow up. The reconstruction with frontal or frontoparietal galea-skin flap is a suitable option. The technique is versatile and simple, and gives acceptable aesthetic results. The operating time is shorter than that required for microvascular reconstructions, and the complication rate is low. The secondary defect can be closed primarily or by skin grafting. Extended orbital exenteration offers the best chances of cure in the treatment of non-melanotic skin cancers that have infiltrated the orbit and orbital walls.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Clinic, Nis, Serbia. tpkovacevic@eunet.yu
authors.forename: Predrag T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Kovacevic
authors.forename: Milan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Visnjic
authors.forename: Tatjana T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Kovacevic
authors.forename: Milan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Radojkovic
authors.forename: Mariola R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Stojanovic
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017233:Orbit Evisceration / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology