title: RhoE stimulates neurite-like outgrowth in PC12 cells through inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK-I signalling.
abstract: Neurite formation involves coordinated changes between the actin cytoskeleton and the microtubule network. Rho GTPases are clearly implicated in several aspects of neuronal development and function. Indeed, RhoA is a negative regulator of neurite outgrowth and its effector Rho-kinase mediates the Rho-driven neurite retraction. Considering that RhoE/round protein (Rnd3) acts antagonistically to RhoA and it is also able to bind and inhibit rho kinase-I (p160ROCK) - ROCK-I, it is tempting to speculate a role of RhoE in neurite formation. We show for the first time that, in the absence of nerve growth factor (NGF), RhoE induces neurite-like outgrowth. Our results demonstrate that over-expression of RhoE decreases the activity of RhoA and reduces the expression of both ROCK-I and the phosphorylated myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCPp). Conversely, over-expression of either active RhoA or ROCK-I abolishes the RhoE-promoted neurite outgrowth, suggesting that RhoE induces neurite-like formation through inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK-I signalling. We also show that Rac and Cdc42 have a role in RhoE-induced neurite outgrowth. Finally, the present data further indicate that RhoE may be involved in the NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, as depletion of RhoE by siRNA reduces the neurite formation induced by NGF. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism implicated in neuronal development and may provide novel therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Pathology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Talens-Visconti
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peris
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guerri
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Guasch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016716:PC12 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C066858:neurofilament protein NF 68; C051774:neurofilament protein H; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein