title: Acute recovery of oral word production following stroke: patterns of performance as predictors of recovery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impairments in oral word production are common at the onset of stroke. The identification of factors that predict early recovery has important implications for identifying those at greater risk of continued impaired functioning, and the management of the patient's care following discharge.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify patterns of performance that are predictors of acute recovery of oral word production abilities following stroke; to identify any association between early and more chronic recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute stroke patients were administered oral word production tasks within 1-2 days of hospital admission, with repeat testing by 7 days; a subset of patients had repeat testing between three weeks to one year later. Performance was examined for error rate and type to identify potential predictors of early recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of circumlocution and no response errors at initial testing were associated with the magnitude of recovery of language functioning within the first week following stroke. Patient characteristics of age and gender were found to have no influence on the degree of early recovery observed. None of the examined factors predicted late recovery. The degree of early recovery was not associated with the degree of later recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study identified patterns of task performance that increase our understanding of how oral word production recovers following acute stroke. The finding that the degree of early recovery does not predict the degree of later recovery is consistent with the hypothesis that early and late recovery are due to different mechanisms (restored blood flow in acute stroke, and reorganization in later recovery).
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cloutman
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Newhart
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heidler-Gary
authors.forename: Argye E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hillis
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012737:Sex Factors; D013060:Speech; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014825:Vocabulary