title: Outcome study of lower pole heminephrectomy in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the role and long-term outcome of lower pole heminephrectomy in the treatments of non-functioning lower renal moieties in children with duplex kidneys.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a period of 10 years 31 lower pole heminephrectomies were performed in 30 patients with duplex systems. Eight patients were diagnosed prenatally, 24 patients (80%) presented with urinary tract infection and three (10%) with vomiting and failure to thrive, and five patients also had other symptoms. The indication for lower pole heminephroureterectomy was reflux nephropathy in non-functioning lower pole in 28 patients (93%), pelviureteric junction obstruction in one patient (3%) and cystic dysplasia in one patient (3%). The surgical technique used was a combination of anterolateral loin incision plus right or left inguinal incision in 28 patients (90%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operative course was uneventful, no blood transfusion were required, and no damage to the upper pole moiety or upper pole ureter was observed. Four patients (13%) had immediate postoperative complications and three (10%) had late postoperative complications. Long-term follow-up revealed no complications in 27 patients (90%) and three patients (10%) with increased urinary frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that lower pole heminephrectomy is the treatment of choice in cases of non-functioning dilated lower segments of duplicated kidneys. The use of two incisions in this procedure is effective in preventing the need for further surgical treatment secondary to complications of the stump.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Urology, Central Manchester and Manchester Children's University Hospital NHS Trust, UK. gsakell@mycosmos.gr
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sakellaris
authors.forename: Supul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hennayake
authors.forename: Raimondo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cervellione
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gough
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome