title: A theory-based curriculum design for remediation of residents' communication skills.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Residents requiring remediation are often deficient in communication skills, namely clinical interviewing skills. Residents have to digest large amounts of knowledge, and then apply it in a clinical interview. The patient-centered approach, as demonstrated in the Calgary-Cambridge model and Martin's Map, can be difficult to teach. Before implementing a remediation curriculum, the theoretical educational underpinnings must be sound; curriculum evaluation is often expensive. Before establishing metrics for curriculum evaluation, a starting point is to perform a mental experiment to test theoretical adherence.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article describes an experiential remedial curriculum for communication skills. Educational theories of Kolb, Knowles, Bandura, and Bloom are used to design the curriculum into theory-based design components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kolb's experiential cycle models the natural sequence of experiencing, teaching, and learning interviewing skills. A curriculum structured around this cycle has multiple intercalations with the above educational theories. The design is strengthened by appropriately timed use of education strategies such as learning contracts, taped interviews, simulations, structured reflection, and teacher role modeling. Importantly, it also models the form of the clinical interview format desired. Through understanding and application of contemporary educational theories, a program to remediate interviewing skills can increase its potential for success.
authors.affiliation: St Michael's Hospital, Family Practice Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada. fokhan.leung@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Fok-Han
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Batty
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003162:Competency-Based Education / Q000379:methods*; D003479:Curriculum; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D017145:Models, Educational; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000379:methods*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations