title: Modifiable risk factors for asthma morbidity in Bronx versus other inner-city children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronx children have higher asthma prevalence and asthma morbidity than other US children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare risk factors for asthma morbidity present in Bronx children with those of children from other US inner-city areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, multi-state study of 1772 children ages 5-11 yrs. old with persistent asthma. Parental responses to the Child Asthma Risk Assessment Tool for 265 Bronx children are compared with those of 1507 children from 7 other sites (1 Northeast, 2 South, 2 Midwest, 2 West).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bronx children were significantly more likely to be sensitized to reported aeroallergens in their homes than were children from the other sites (86% vs. 58%; p < .001). More Bronx parents reported household cockroaches (65% v 20%; p < .001), mice (42% v 11%; p < .001), and rats (7% v 3%; p < .001); using a gas stove to heat the home (20% v 9%; p < .001); and visible mold (48% v 25%; p < .001). Bronx parents were more likely to report pessimistic beliefs about controlling asthma (63% v 26%; p < .001) and high parental stress (48% v 37%; p < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with other inner-city children with asthma, Bronx children are more likely to be exposed to household aeroallergens to which they are sensitized and have poor housing conditions. Their parents are more likely to report low expectations for asthma control and high levels of psychological stress. Interventions that address these identified needs may help to reduce the disproportionate burden of asthma morbidity experienced by Bronx children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. KWarman@montefiore.org
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Warman
authors.forename: Ellen Johnson
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: Pam R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006798:Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology; D009017:Morbidity; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution