title: A specific tumor-targeting magnetofluorescent nanoprobe for dual-modality molecular imaging.
abstract: Poly(acrylic acid) was decorated onto Fe(3)O(4) resulting in a highly water-soluble superparamagnetic iron oxide. The Poly(acrylic acid) iron oxide (PAAIO) complexes possess specific magnetic properties in the presence of an external magnetic field and are attractive contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The free carboxylic groups of PAAIO exposed on the surface allow for covalent attachment of a fluorescent dye, Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) to form PAAIO-Rh123, which permits applications in fluorescence imaging. PAAIO-Rh123 is therefore a dual-modality molecular probe. In order to endow specific properties to compounds that target cancer cells and to prevent recognition by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), folic acid-linked poly(ethylene glycol) (FA-PEG) was further conjugated onto PAAIO-Rh123. The amounts of Rh123 and FA-PEG on the modified iron oxides were quantitatively determined by elemental analysis. The iron content was determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The particle diameters were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Superparamagnetism was confirmed by the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. The cellular internalization efficacy of the modified iron oxides was realized in folate-overexpressed FR(+) and folate-deficient FR(-) KB cells by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The quantitative amount of iron internalized into different harvested KB cells was measured by ICP-OES. The T(2)-weighted MR images were tested in FR(+) KB cells.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicinal & Applied Chemistry, School of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jyun-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Jia-Jyun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Jenn-Shing
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chiao-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-Fang
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004602:Elements; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008280:Magnetics / Q000379:methods*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020112:Rhodamine 123 / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D004602:Elements; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C000499:ferric oxide; D020112:Rhodamine 123; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C006903:carbopol 940; D005492:Folic Acid