title: Historical biogeography of Tyrrhenian land snails: the Marmorana-Tyrrheniberus radiation (Pulmonata, Helicidae).
abstract: The few studies available on Tyrrhenian land snails support high diversification in the Italian Peninsula and groups structured mainly by vicariant events. Here we investigated the phylogeny of a conchologically diversified group of Tyrrhenian land snails assigned to the genera Marmorana and Tyrrheniberus. We constructed a molecular phylogeny by sequencing two commonly used mtDNA genes (cytochrome oxidase I and the large ribosomal subunit). We also carried out conchological and anatomical analysis. Morphological (shell and genitalia) and genetic data (mitochondrial genes) showed paraphyly of Marmorana. Plio-Pleistocene events in the Tyrrhenian area may have structured relationships between species at regional scale while isolation by distance probably played a role in diversification between populations on a local scale. Continental populations experienced dispersal during interglacial periods and fragmentation and reduction during the dry cold climatic phases. Areas inhabited by Apennine Marmorana could represent relict and/or glacial refugia, with extinction in some areas along the Apennines and survival in the south. The results support a reassessment of taxonomy both at genus and species level and call for further analysis.
authors.affiliation: University of Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy. Electronic address: vivianafiorentino@unisi.it.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fiorentino
authors.affiliation: University of Siena, Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salomone
authors.affiliation: University of Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Manganelli
authors.affiliation: University of Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Folco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giusti
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012908:Snails / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial