title: Occurrence of mycotoxins in feed as analyzed by a multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method.
abstract: Crops used for animal feed can be easily contaminated by fungi during growth, harvest, or storage, resulting in the occurrence of mycotoxins. Because animal feed plays an important role in the food safety chain, the European Commission has set maximum levels for aflatoxin B1 and recommended maximum levels for deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, and the sum of fumonisin B1 and B2. A multimycotoxin LC-MS/MS method was developed, validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and EN ISO 17025 accredited for the simultaneous detection of 23 mycotoxins (aflatoxin-B1, aflatoxin-B2, aflatoxin-G1, aflatoxin-G2, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, fumonisin B3, T2-toxin, HT2-toxin, nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fusarenon-X, neosolaniol, altenuene, alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, roquefortine-C, and sterigmatocystin) in feed. The decision limits of the multimycotoxin method varied from 0.7 to 60.6 microg/kg. The apparent recovery and the results of the precision study fulfilled the performance criteria as set in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The analysis of three different feed matrices (sow feed, wheat, and maize) provided a good basis for the evaluation of the toxin exposure in animal production. In total, 67 samples out of 82 (82%) were contaminated; type B-trichothecenes and fumonisins occurred most often. The majority of the infected feed samples (75%) were contaminated with more than one type of mycotoxin.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Sofie.Monbaliu@UGent.be
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monbaliu
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Poucke
authors.forename: Christ'l
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Detavernier
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dumoulin
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van De Velde
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schoeters
authors.forename: Stefaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Dyck
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Averkieva
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Peteghem
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Saeger
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins