title: Association of immunosuppressant-induced protein changes in the rat kidney with changes in urine metabolite patterns: a proteo-metabonomic study.
abstract: The basic mechanisms underlying calcineurin inhibitor (CI) nephrotoxicity and its enhancement by sirolimus are still largely unknown. We investigated the effects of CIs alone and in combination with sirolimus on the renal proteome and correlated these effects with urine metabolite pattern changes. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were assigned to six treatment groups (n = 4/group for proteome analysis and n = 6/group for urine (1)H NMR metabolite pattern analysis): vehicle controls, sirolimus 1 mg/kg/day, cyclosporine 10 mg/kg/day, cyclosporine 10 mg/kg/day + sirolimus 1 mg/kg/day, tacrolimus 1 mg/kg/day, tacrolimus 1 mg/kg/day + sirolimus 1 mg/kg/day. After 28 days, 24 h-urine was collected for (1)H NMR-based metabolic analysis and kidneys were harvested for 2D-gel electrophoresis and histology. Cyclosporine affected the following groups of proteins: calcium homeostasis (regucalcin, calbindin), cytoskeleton (vimentin, caldesmon), response to hypoxia and mitochondrial function (prolyl 4-hydroxylase, proteasome, NADH dehydrogenase), and cell metabolism (kidney aminoacylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-bis phosphate). Several of the changes in protein expression, confirmed by Western blot, were associated with and explained changes in metabolite concentrations in urine. Representative examples are an increase in kidney aminoacylase expression (decrease of hippurate concentrations in urine), up regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, (increased glucose metabolism), and down regulation of arginine/glycine-amidino transferase (most likely due to an increase in creatinine concentrations). Protein changes explained and qualified immunosuppressant-induced metabolite pattern changes in urine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. jost.klawitter@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Jost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klawitter
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klawitter
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kushner
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jonscher
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bendrick-Peart
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leibfritz
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Christians
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine*; D040901:Proteomics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents