title: Laser photobiomodulation of wound healing: a review of experimental studies in mouse and rat animal models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This investigation reviewed experimental studies of laser irradiation of wound healing in mice and rats published from 2003 to August 2008, respectively, to assess putative stimulatory effects of this treatment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Animal models, including rodents, attempt to reflect human wound healing and associated problems such as dehiscence, ischemia, ulceration, infection, and scarring. They have played a key role in furthering understanding of underlying mechanisms involved in impaired wound healing, and in testing new therapeutic strategies including laser irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Original research papers investigating effects of laser or monochromatic light therapy on wound healing in mice and rats and published from January 2003 to August 2008 were retrieved from library sources, PubMed and Medline databases, reference lists from retrieved papers, and hand searches of relevant journals. Papers were selected for this review with regard to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were critically reviewed in terms of study design, methodology, and appropriateness of laser irradiation parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature search identified eight studies in mice and 39 in rats. A variety of wound models were investigated, including acute-wound, impaired-healing, and chronic-wound models. Considerable variation was observed in research design, methodology, and irradiation parameters employed, limiting comparison of research findings between studies. Inadequate reporting of key experimental details, or errors in specification and/or calculation of key irradiation parameters was also found. Evidence from the studies reviewed suggested that use of red or infrared wavelength at a range of dosage parameters (median 4.2 J cm(-2)) results in significant benefits in measured parameters of wound healing. Interestingly, coherence does not seem essential to the photobiomodulatory effects of 'laser' phototherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies reviewed consistently demonstrated the ability of laser or monochromatic light to photobiomodulate wound healing processes in experimental wounds in rats and mice, and strongly support the case for further controlled research in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Philip V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Peplow
authors.forename: Tzu-Yun
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: G David
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Baxter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors