title: In vitro antioxidant activity of 5-HMF isolated from marine red alga Laurencia undulata in free-radical-mediated oxidative systems.
abstract: Marine red algae of genus Laurencia are becoming the most important resources to produce unique natural metabolites with wide bioactivities. However, reports related to Laurencia undulata, an edible species used as folk herb, are rarely found to date. In this research, 5-hydroxymethyl- 2-furfural (5-HMF) was isolated and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) from Laurencia undulata as well as other marine algae. The following characteristics of 5-HMF were systematically evaluated: its antioxidant activities, such as typical free-radicals scavenging in vitro by electron spin resonance spectrometry (ESR) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging; membrane protein oxidation; oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibition; as well as expressions of antioxidative enzymes glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the gene level, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The results demonstrated that 5-HMF could be developed as a novel marine natural antioxidant or potential precursor for practical applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical fields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhong Ji
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Moon-Moo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Se-Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005609:Free Radicals; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005978:Glutathione / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D044722:Laurencia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione