title: Peroxynitrite plays a key role in glomerular lesions in diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in chronic complications of diabetes such as diabetic nephropathy (DN), the main cause of renal failure. In diabetes, whether peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), generated from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of glomerular lesion is not yet fully known. This study was designed to investigate the role of exaggerated ONOO(-) in glomerular lesions of diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin, and aminoguanidine was used as selective inhibitor of iNOS. The iNOS transcription and protein distribution and content in rat glomeruli were detected. Nitrotyrosine (NT), a specific marker of ONOO(-), was measured to represent the distribution and content of ONOO(-) in rat glomeruli. TNF-alpha level and nitric oxide (NO) content were evaluated, and the pathological changes in the rat glomeruli were observed. Biochemical indicators of renal function were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-alpha level and NO content, iNOS expression and its protein content, and NT content increased significantly, in accordance with the pathological changes of glomerulus and renal dysfunction in the diabetes group. Aminoguanidine was found to inhibit iNOS and then reduce ONOO(-) overformation, attenuating the pathological alterations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study clarified clearly that exaggerated ONOO(-) formation, generated from induced iNOS may play a key role in glomerular lesions in diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yanning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jinsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D003404:Creatinine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C004479:pimagedine