title: Significance of chymase-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation on indomethacin-induced small intestinal damages in rats.
abstract: The side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include gastrointestinal damage not only in the stomach but also in the small intestine. Chymase converts promatrix metalloproteinase-9 to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, which plays an important role in NSAID-induced gastric damage, but it has been unclear whether chymase-dependent MMP-9 activation is involved in the NSAID-induced small intestinal damage. To clarify the involvement of chymase-dependent MMP-9 activation on NSAID-induced small intestinal damage, the effect of a chymase inhibitor, 2-[4-(5-fluoro-3-methylbenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)sulfonamido-3-methanesulfonylphenyl] thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (TY-51469), on indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage in rats was evaluated. Until 6 h after oral administration of indomethacin in rats, intestinal MMP-9 activity was unchanged compared with normal rats, but significant increases in MMP-9 activity were observed 12 and 24 h after indomethacin administration. Significant increases in the small intestinal damage score were also observed 12 and 24 h after indomethacin administration. In the extract from the small intestine 24 h after indomethacin administration, the MMP-9 activation was significantly attenuated by TY-51469. Intraperitoneal injection of TY-51469 (10 mg/kg) 3 h before indomethacin administration significantly attenuated the MMP-9 activity in the small intestine compared with placebo treatment. Myeloperoxidase activity, which indicates accumulation of neutrophils, was significantly increased in the small intestine in the placebo-treated rats, but its activity was significantly attenuated by TY-51469 treatment. The area of small intestinal damage was also significantly ameliorated by TY-51469 treatment. These findings suggest that chymase-dependent MMP-9 activation has a significant role in indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage in rats.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kakimoto
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Mitsuyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murano
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoda
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Denan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Umegaki
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D053818:Chymases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004751:Enteritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; C414368:N-hydroxy-5-ethoxymethyloxy-2-methyl-4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)aminopentanamide; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D013449:Sulfonamides; C524344:TY 51469; D013876:Thiophenes; D009195:Peroxidase; D053818:Chymases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D007213:Indomethacin