title: Physiological effects of tapering and detraining in world-class kayakers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study analyzed changes in neuromuscular, body composition, and endurance markers during 4 wk of tapering and subsequent 5 wk of reduced training (RT) or training cessation (TC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen world-class kayakers were randomly assigned to either a TC (n = 7) or an RT group (n = 7). One-repetition maximum (1RM) strength, mean concentric velocity with 45% 1RM (V45%) in the bench press (BP) and prone bench pull (PBP) exercises, and body composition assessments were conducted at the start (T0) and end (T1) of a 43-wk training program, after tapering for the world championships (T2) and after TC or RT (T3). A graded exercise test on a kayak ergometer for determination of maximal oxygen uptake at T0, T1, and T3 was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After tapering, no significant changes were observed in 1RM or V45%. TC resulted in significantly greater declines in 1RM strength (-8.9% and -7.8%, P < 0.05, respectively, for BP and PBP) than those observed for RT (-3.9% and -3.4%). Decreases in V45% in BP and PBP were larger for TC (-12.6% and -10.0%) than for RT (-9.0% and -6.7%). Increases in sum of eight skinfolds were observed after both TC and RT, whereas declines in maximal aerobic power were lower for RT (-5.6%) than for TC (-11.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term TC results in large decreases in maximal strength and especially V45% in highly trained athletes. These results suggest the need of performing a minimal maintenance program to avoid excessive declines in neuromuscular function in cases where a prolonged break from training is required.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. jesus.garcia.pallares@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Pallarés
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Medina
authors.forename: Carlos Esteban
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izquierdo-Gabarren
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult