title: Characterization of the effects of various drugs likely to affect smooth muscle tension on isolated human seminal vesicle tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of different classes of drugs on the isometric tension of isolated human seminal vesicle (SV) tissue. The contractility of human SV contributes to the process of seminal emission during ejaculation. Different endogenous compounds, such as serotonin (5-HT), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nitric oxide, have been suggested to be involved in the control of contraction and relaxation of human SV smooth muscle. However, only limited data are available regarding the effects of compounds known to affect smooth musculature on SV contractile activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the organ bath technique, the effects of increasing concentrations (10 nm-1 microm/10 microm) of norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine, endothelin 1, ATP, and 5-HT on human SV tissue at basal tension were studied. In another set-up, SV strip preparations were preincubated with prazosin (alpha-adrenergic blocker), nifedipine and verapamil (Ca(2+)-channel blockers), 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate [inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) antagonist], cromakalim (K(+)-channel opener), or Y-27632 (ROK inhibitor) (1 microm each, for 10 minutes), followed by the application of NE (0.1 microM, 1 microM, and 10 microm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SV smooth muscle was most effectively contracted by NE (mean = 75% of calibrated scale), phenylephrine (mean = 82% of calibrated scale), and endothelin 1 (mean = 70% calibrated scale), whereas only minor responses to ATP (mean = 10.65% calibrated scale) and 5-HT (mean = 6.3% calibrated scale) were observed. The contraction induced by NE was significantly inhibited after pre-exposure of the tissue to prazosin (-92.4%), cromakalim (-83.7%), 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (-43.1%), Y-27632 (-42.8%), and nifedipine (-32.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  alpha-adrenoceptor antagonism, activation of potassium channels, and inhibition of Rho-kinase decrease the sympathetic contraction of SV smooth muscle. This might be of significance with regard to the identification of new pharmacologic avenues to affect the male ejaculatory system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Indonesia School of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ponco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Birowo
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uckert
authors.forename: George T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Kedia
authors.forename: Joachim E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sonnenberg
authors.forename: Walter F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Thon
authors.forename: Djoko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rahardjo
authors.forename: Markus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kuczyk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*