title: Population-based trends in lung cancer incidence in women.
abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Although the rise and growing epidemic status of lung cancer are overwhelmingly attributed to tobacco use, its rank in nonsmokers as the seventh most common cause of cancer worldwide suggests that other factors contribute to this disease. The majority of lung cancers among nonsmokers occur in women. Aside from geographic, cultural, and genetic differences, hormonal and possibly infectious factors also may play etiologic roles. This review aims to discuss the epidemiology of lung cancer in women, as well as the incidence of second primaries, and presents current opinions on the myriad of causes.
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Egleston
authors.forename: Sibele I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Meireles
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Flieder
authors.forename: Margie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Clapper
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications; D018426:SEER Program; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D017741:Survivors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants