title: Timing protein intake increases energy expenditure 24 h after resistance training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether protein supplementation (PRO) before an acute bout of heavy resistance training (HRT) would influence postexercise resting energy expenditure (REE) and the nonprotein respiratory exchange ratio (RER).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  REE would be increased and RER would be decreased up to 48 h after timed PRO and HRT compared with CHO supplementation and HRT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight resistance-trained subjects (five men and three women) participated in a double-blind two-trial crossover design, where REE and RER were measured (7:00 a.m.) on four consecutive days. On the second day of trial 1, subjects consumed 376 kJ of either PRO (18 g of whey protein, 2 g of carbohydrate, 1.5 g of fat) or CHO (1 g of whey protein, 19 g of carbohydrate, 1 g of fat) 20 min before a single bout of HRT (nine exercises, 4 sets, 70%-75% 1-repetition maximum). REE and RER were measured 24 and 48 h after HRT. During trial 2, the same protocol was followed except subjects consumed the second supplement before HRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with baseline, REE was elevated significantly in both CHO and PRO at 24 and 48 h after HRT (P < 0.05). At 24 h after HRT, REE in response to PRO was significantly greater compared with CHO (P < 0.05). RER decreased significantly in both CHO and PRO at 24 h after HRT compared with baseline (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in total energy intake, macronutrient intake, or HRT volume (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Timing PRO before HRT may be a simple and effective strategy to increase energy expenditure by elevating REE the day after HRT. Increasing REE could facilitate reductions in body fat mass and improve body composition if nutritional intake is stable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. kjhackne@syr.edu
authors.forename: Kyle J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hackney
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bruenger
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lemmer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055070:Resistance Training; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins