title: The effects of experimentally-induced sad and happy mood on sexual arousal in sexually healthy women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In depressed women, common sexual difficulties include decreased sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasmic difficulties, reduced sexual satisfaction, and reduced sexual pleasure. Experimental research on the influence of depressed mood on genital and subjective sexual arousal in women is scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of sad mood on genital and subjective sexual arousal in sexually healthy women, using a mood induction procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two subjects received a sad mood and a happy mood induction, on two different days, using a within subjects design. The mood induction procedure was a combination of the Velten procedure and music. In the Velten procedure, the subject is asked to read sad or happy self-referent sentences and to experience the mood suggested by these sentences. Immediately following mood induction, the subjects were exposed to an erotic film clip.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genital arousal was assessed using vaginal photoplethysmography. Self-report ratings of sad and happy mood, subjective sexual arousal and affective reactions were collected before and after the erotic clip.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sad and happy mood ratings indicated that the mood inductions affected mood as intended. No difference in genital sexual arousal was found between the sad and happy mood conditions. Subjects reported significantly less subjective sexual arousal and positive affect and marginally significant fewer genital sensations and more negative affect in the sad mood condition than in the happy mood condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results provide empirical support for the idea that mood can impact on subjective sexual arousal in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center-Outpatient Clinic for Psychosomatic Gynaecology and Sexology, Leiden, The Netherlands. m.m.ter_kuile@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Moniek M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: ter Kuile
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Both
authors.forename: Janneke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Uden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004882:Erotica; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D017156:Photoplethysmography; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D014621:Vagina / Q000098:blood supply; D055815:Young Adult