title: Intense correlation between protein-conjugated acrolein and primary Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We recently found that an increased plasma concentration of protein-conjugated acrolein is a good biomarker for stroke. Therefore we determine whether the concentration of protein-conjugated acrolein is increased in saliva from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stimulated whole-mixed saliva was collected from 10 patients and 13 control subjects. The concentration of protein-conjugated acrolein in saliva and plasma was measured by either Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of protein-conjugated acrolein, especially albumin-conjugated acrolein, was greatly increased in saliva from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (p<0.001). The concentration of protein-conjugated acrolein was inversely correlated with the flow rate of saliva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the concentration of protein-conjugated acrolein, a marker of cell or tissue damage, in saliva is well correlated with seriousness of primary Sjögren's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Madoka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Miwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sohda
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Ichiei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toida
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Kazuei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Igarashi
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D000368:Aged; D000418:Albumins / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D015415:Biomarkers; D000171:Acrolein; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D008239:Lysine