title: Induced hypothermia attenuates the acute lung injury in hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In previous animal studies, induction of therapeutic hypothermia (HT) in hemorrhagic shock (HS) had beneficial effects on the hemodynamic and metabolic parameters and on the survival. However, the effect of induced HT on acute lung injury (ALI) in HS has not been investigated. We sought to determine the effects of HT on ALI in HS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-390 g; n = 8 per group) were randomized to the normothermia (NT; 36-37 degrees C) group or the moderate HT (27-30 degrees C) group and were subjected to volume-controlled (2 mL/100 g weight) HS (90 minutes) followed by 90 minutes of resuscitation. ALI score, lung malondialdehyde content, and myeloperoxidase activity were measured. The expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta), phosphorylated GSK-3beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), heat shock protein (HSP) 72, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in the lung were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ALI score, lung malondialdehyde content, and myeloperoxidase were lower in the HT group. GSK-3beta and iNOS gene expressions in lung tissue were significantly decreased in the HT group (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the expression of phosphorylated GSK-3beta was increased in the HT group (p < 0.001). HSP 72 was expressed in the HT group but not in the NT group. The activated p65 NF-kappaB levels in lung nuclear extract were significantly lower in the NT group (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HT attenuates HS-induced ALI in rats by the modulation of GSK, HSP 72, iNOS, and NF-kappaB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea. dremkks@snubh.org
authors.forename: Kyuseok
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Woojeong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joong Eui
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: You Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Jae Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung Su
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Woon Yong
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Gil Joon
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000032:analysis; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016753:Interleukin-10; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3