title: Subtle neurological signs predict the severity of subacute cognitive and functional impairments after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: The presence of paratonia and primitive reflexes ("frontal release signs"), such as glabellar, snout, suck, grasp, and palmomental responses, after traumatic brain injury predicts performance on bedside cognitive assessments, level of functional independence, and duration of acute inpatient rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Brain Injury Rehabilitation Unit, HealthONE Spalding Rehabilitation Hospital, in Aurora, CO, USA. Hal.wortzel@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Hal S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wortzel
authors.forename: Kimberly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: C Alan
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Arciniegas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome