title: Effects of preoperative gabapentin on postoperative nausea and vomiting after open cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of gabapentin on the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after open cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 90 patients scheduled for elective open cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to either a gabapentin group (600 mg, 2 h before surgery) or a placebo group. For the analysis, 1 patient was excluded from the gabapentin group and 2 patients from the placebo group. A standard technique was used for anesthesia. Pethidine and metoclopramide were used for postoperative management of pain and nausea/vomiting, respectively. The prevalence of PONV, its severity (measured on visual analogue scale, VAS), and total pethidine and metoclopramide use in the first 24 h after the operation were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no demographic differences between the two groups. Of the 44 patients given gabapentin, 16 (36.6%) and 28 of 43 (65.2%) placebo patients developed PONV; the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.02). However, there was no difference in the severity of PONV between the gabapentin and placebo groups (p = 0.12). Gabapentin patients used less pethidine (28.33 +/- 129 mg) and metoclopramide (6.0 +/-6.3 mg) than the placebo group (35.1 +/- 15.1 and 9.33 +/- 7.1 mg, respectively). The differences were statistically significant (pethidine: p = 0.002, metoclopramide: p = 0.033). However, gabapentin did not reduce postoperative pain significantly (p = 0.096).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that gabapentin not only reduced PONV after open cholecystectomy, but also reduced the need for additional postoperative analgesics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khademi
authors.forename: Fariborz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghaffarpasand
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Heiran
authors.forename: Arshak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asefi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000588:Amines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010919:Placebos / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000700:Analgesics; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D010919:Placebos; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin