title: Influence of the experience of operator and assistant on the survival rate of proximal ART restorations: two-year results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine the influence of the experience of the operator and the assistant on the survival rate of proximal ART- restorations after 2 years when placed using two methods of tooth-isolation and three glass ionomer cement-brands.
  
  
  METHODS
  A clinical intervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each of 804 children aged 6-8 years received one proximal restoration in their primary molars. The restorations were placed by 'experienced/inexperienced' operators randomly paired with 'experienced/ inexperienced' assistants. The atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach was used with 3 brands of glass ionomer cements (GIC) and 2 tooth-isolation methods (rubber dam vs cotton rolls). Trained and calibrated evaluators evaluated the restorations, soon after placement and after 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 14.0, to determine and relate the survival rate of the restorations to the operator and assistant with respect to the other factors such as the restorative material used and the isolation method applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 2 years, the survival rate of the restorations was 30.8%. In general, there were no statistical significant differences in the survival rate of the restorations made by the 'experienced' vs 'inexperienced' operators, but individually, the operator with more experience was associated with a significantly higher survival rate of the restorations. The experienced assistants were associated with significantly higher survival rates of the restorations. The most 'experienced' operator paired with any 'experienced' assistant and using rubber dam tooth-isolation method, was associated with a significantly higher survival rate of the restorations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of the 'experienced' operator and assistant using rubber dam tooth-isolation method had the best chance of survival for proximal ART restorations, irrespective of the material-brand used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry/Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 34848, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya. musakulu@gmail.com
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kemoli
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: van Amerongen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Opinya
mesh_terms: D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002983:Clinical Competence; D032561:Cotton Fiber; D003726:Dental Assistants; D057087:Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D003736:Dental Cavity Lining; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D003815:Dentists; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016733:Rubber Dams; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C110713:fuji IX; C110712:ketac-molar; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide