title: Concurrent endurance and strength training not to failure optimizes performance gains.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of 8 wk of resistance training to failure versus not to failure training regimens at both moderate and low volumes for increasing upper-body strength and power as well as cardiovascular parameters into a combined resistance and endurance periodized training scheme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three trained male rowers were matched and then randomly assigned to four groups that performed the same endurance training but differed on their resistance training regimen: four exercises leading to repetition failure (4RF; n = 14), four exercises not leading to failure (4NRF; n = 15), two exercises not to failure (2NRF; n = 6), and control group (C; n = 8). One-repetition maximum strength and maximal muscle power output during prone bench pull (BP), average power during a 20-min all-out row test (W 20 min), average row power output eliciting a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x L(-1) (W 4 mmol x L(-1)), and power output in 10 maximal strokes (W 10 strokes) were assessed before and after 8 wk of periodized training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  4NRF group experienced larger gains in one- repetition maximum strength and muscle power output (4.6% and 6.4%, respectively) in BP compared with both 4RF (2.1% and j1.2%) and 2NRF (0.6% and -0.6%). 4NRF and 2NRF groups experienced larger gains in W 10 strokes (3.6% and 5%) and in W 20 min (7.6% and 9%) compared with those found after 4RF (-0.1% and 4.6%), whereas no significant differences between groups were observed in the magnitude of changes in W 4 mmol x L(-1) (4NRF = 6.2%, 4RF = 5.3%, 2NRF = 6.8%, and C = 4.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An 8-wk linear periodized concurrent strength and endurance training program using a moderate number of repetitions not to failure (4NRF group) provides a favorable environment for achieving greater enhancements in strength, muscle power, and rowing performance when compared with higher training volumes of repetitions to failure in experienced highly trained rowers.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Rowing Club Orio, Orio, Spain. mikel.izquierdo@ceimd.org
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izquierdo-Gabarren
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González De Txabarri Expósito
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-pallarés
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sánchez-medina
authors.forename: Eduardo Sáez Sáez
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: De Villarreal
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult