title: Comparison of inhaled mannitol, daily rhDNase and a combination of both in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomised trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osmotic agents, such as inhaled dry powder mannitol, may increase mucociliary clearance by rehydrating the airway surface liquid and thus act as disease-modifying treatments in cystic fibrosis (CF). This is the first therapeutic trial of inhaled mannitol in children with CF; it was compared with recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase), the current best established mucolytic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  38 children were recruited to an open crossover study. Subjects underwent an initial bronchial provocation challenge with dry powder mannitol. Those children with a negative challenge were randomly allocated to one of three consecutive 12-week treatment blocks (inhaled mannitol alone, nebulised rhDNase alone and mannitol + rhDNase). The primary outcome was forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)). A number of secondary outcome measures were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty children completed the study. Bronchoconstriction and cough associated with mannitol administration contributed to the high attrition rate. The mean increase in FEV(1) following 12 weeks of treatment was 0.11 litres (6.7%) (p = 0.055) for mannitol alone, 0.12 litres (7.2%) (p = 0.03) for rhDNase alone and 0.03 litres (1.88%) (p = 0.67) for rhDNase and mannitol. None of the secondary clinical outcomes was statistically significantly different between treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhaled mannitol was at least as effective as rhDNase after 3 months treatment. There was a marked individual variation in tolerance to mannitol and in response to treatment however. Children who do not respond to rhDNase many benefit from a trial of inhaled mannitol. The combination of mannitol and rhDNase was not useful.
authors.affiliation: Royal Brompton Hospital & Imperial College, London, UK. carominasian@hotmail.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minasian
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bush
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005100:Expectorants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance / Q000502:physiology; D011208:Powders; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D005100:Expectorants; D011208:Powders; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D008353:Mannitol; C085693:DNASE1 protein, human; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I