title: A temporal-spatial analysis of malaria transmission in Adama, Ethiopia.
abstract: Urban malaria is a growing problem in Africa. Small-scale spatial studies are useful in identifying foci of malaria transmission in urban communities. A population-based cohort study comprising 8,088 individuals was conducted in Adama, Ethiopia. During a single malaria season, the Kulldorff scan statistic identified one temporally stable spatial malaria cluster within 350 m of a major Anopheles breeding site. Factors associated with malaria incidence were residential proximity to vector breeding site, poor house condition (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4, 2.9), and a high level of vegetation (IRR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0, 3.3). Maximum (IRR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.9) and minimum daily temperatures (degrees C; IRR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.5) were positively associated with malaria incidence after a 1-month delay. Rainfall was positively associated with malaria incidence after a 10-day delay. Findings support the use of small scale mapping and targeted vector control in urban malaria control programs in Africa.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia. idpet2@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Luisa N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Borrell
authors.forename: Wafaa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: El-Sadr
authors.forename: Awash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teklehaimanot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000502:physiology; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007303:Insect Vectors; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D014887:Weather