title: Magnetic resonance tissue phase mapping of myocardial motion: new insight in age and gender.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An exact understanding of normal age- and gender-matched regional myocardial performance is an essential prerequisite for the diagnosis of heart disease. Magnetic resonance phase-contrast imaging (tissue phase mapping) enabling the analysis of segmental, 3-directional myocardial velocities with high temporal resolution (13.8 ms) was used to assess left ventricular motion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radial, long-axis, and rotational myocardial velocities were acquired in 58 healthy volunteers (3 age groups, 29 women) in left ventricular basal, midventricular, and apical short-axis locations. For increased age, reduced (P<0.003) and prolonged long-axis and radial velocities (P<0.05) during diastole and reduced long-axis velocities (P<0.001) and apical rotation (P<0.005) during systole were found for both genders. Women demonstrated a reduced systolic twist (P=0.009), apical rotation (P=0.01), and systolic radial velocities (P<0.02) compared with men. Segmental analysis of long-axis motion with aging revealed differences in regional reduction of systolic (lateral 52% versus 30%) and diastolic (lateral 57% versus 41%) velocities in women compared with men. In basal segments, young women demonstrated higher long-axis velocities (+11% during diastole) than men, whereas this difference was reversed in older subjects (same segments, -20%). In addition, increased age resulted in a prolonged time to peak diastolic apical rotation (P<0.04) in women compared with men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age and gender strongly influence regional myocardial motion. Tissue phase mapping provides a comprehensive quantitative analysis of all myocardial velocities with high temporal and spatial resolution. The knowledge of the detected age- and gender-related differences in myocardial motion is fundamental for further investigations of cardiac disease. Clinical Trial Registration- http://www.zks.uni-freiburg.de/uklreg/php/suchergebnis_all.php. Identifier: UKF001739.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, Freiburg, Germany. daniela.foell@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Föll
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Elfriede
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schilli
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Staehle
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geibel
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D012399:Rotation; D012737:Sex Factors; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left