title: Prevalence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patients suffering from diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in adult patients with diabetes mellitus (type 1 and 2) attending outpatient clinics in Saudi Arabia and to determine the demographic profile and pharmaceutical management of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients from 100 outpatient clinics treating patients with diabetes mellitus across Saudi Arabia completed an epidemiologic questionnaire to obtain demographic information and medication history. Following this, the validated DN4 pain questionnaire was used to identify the presence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (score of > or =4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1039 patients were enrolled. Following the DN4 pain questionnaire, an overall prevalence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy of 65.3% (n = 678) was found. The age of patients, their sex, and the duration of underlying diabetes were found to be statistically significant factors in the development of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. No statistically significant difference was found between smoking history, body mass index, or racial origin and presence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. On initial evaluation, 42.3% (n = 440) stated they were receiving treatment for pain. Following evaluation using the DN4 pain questionnaire, the number prescribed therapeutic pain management increased to more than two thirds (68.7%, n = 714) of which 62.3% (n = 579) were prescribed pregabalin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with reduced pain intensity DN4 has not been directly compared with other tools to measure neuropathic pain; however, using the DN4 in this study 65.3% of adult outpatients with type 1 and 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia were found to have painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy; far higher than anticipated.
authors.affiliation: Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt and Dr Erfan and Bagedo General Hospital, King Fahad St. (Al Sitteen), PO Box 6519, Jeddah 21452, Saudi Arabia. m_halawa@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mohamed Reda
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Halawa
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karawagh
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeidan
authors.forename: Alaa-El-Dine H
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: Medhat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakr
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hegazy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management; D015995:Prevalence; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents