title: Measuring participation in children with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a pilot study with ICF-CY.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Environmental factors (EF) have an important role on Tourette's symptoms and the same factors can be decisive on the impact that the disease has on people with Tourette syndrome (TS) daily life. The research was carried out by the Neurological Institute Carlo Besta IRCCS Foundation with the principal objective of describing the complete range of functional profiles of children with TS, to define the functioning and the difficulties in social participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research protocol was composed of the ICF-CY questionnaire, WHO-DAS II proxy version, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale and the Kidscreen questionnaires - Quality of life (QoL) questionnaires for children and adolescents. The research protocol involved a multidisciplinary team (medical staff, psychologist, pedagogist).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The children reported higher QoL's level than the QoL attributed by parents. The Vineland scores reflected considerable difficulties in socialisation. Through the EF analysis, this study highlights the facilitating role of the immediate family and health professionals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beyond the clinical symptoms, this study points out that the therapeutic elements must be identified by a change of environment, and not only in a child's adaptation ability.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit - Scientific Directorate, Via Celoria 11, Milan, Italy. paolo.meucci@istituto-besta.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meucci
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zibordi
authors.forename: Nardo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nardocci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D012951:Socialization; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D018875:Vocabulary, Controlled