Children's eyewitness memory: a comparison of two interviewing strategies as realized by forensic professionals.
A critical issue for developmental psychology is how to obtain accurate and complete eyewitness memory reports from preschoolers without offering suggestions that might result in false allegations. We examined effects of two interviewing strategies (police/verbal interviews and clinician/prop-assisted interviews) on young children's reports about a medical examination. A total of 58 4-year-olds participated in the study, which conformed to a 2 (Interview Type)x2 (Number of Interviews) factorial design. Analyses revealed that interviewers spent less time off topic and asked more free recall questions in the police/verbal interviews than in the clinician/prop-assisted interviews. Compared with police/verbal interviews, clinician/prop-assisted interviews resulted in significantly more correct rejections and commission errors in children's memory reports. However, on a final free recall test, error rates were comparable across conditions. Higher child verbal intelligence predicted memory accuracy in police/verbal interviews, and greater parental attachment anxiety predicted children being asked a higher number of misleading questions. The study provides new insights into interview techniques that promote preschoolers' accurate eyewitness reports.
Melinder
Annika
A
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway. a.m.d.melinder@psykologi.uio.no
Alexander
Kristen
K
Cho
Young Il
YI
Goodman
Gail S
GS
Thoresen
Christian
C
Lonnum
Kyrre
K
Magnussen
Svein
S
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012094:Repression, Psychology; D013404:Suggestion