title: Partitioning and phase equilibria of PEGylated excipients in fluorinated liquids.
abstract: Mixtures of common polymeric excipients and hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) liquids show rich and complex phase behaviour. Phase diagrams and phase compositions are reported for poly(ethylene glycol)s with varying levels of end-group methylation in mixed solvent systems consisting of the model propellant 2H,3H-perfluoropentane (HPFP) and the fully fluorinated analogue perfluoropentane (PFP). Studies have been performed as a function of molecular weight as well as end group chemistry (monomethyl, MM; dimethyl, DM; and dihydroxyl, DH), and for binary polymer mixtures in HPFP/PFP solvent systems. The solvent composition required to induce phase separation by addition of the non-hydrogen bonding PFP is strongly dependent on end-group concentrations. It shows a linear increase with increasing methylation, whilst remaining insensitive to OH group concentration in dihydroxylated PEG systems. For single polymer systems it is observed that strong partitioning of the polymer is observed, and changes in polymer concentration occurring across the phase diagram are a result of changing solvent partitioning between upper and lower phases. These solvent effects are dependent on the composition (wt% PFP) in the solvent mixture. The linear dependence of solvent composition required to induce phase separation at fixed polymer concentration on end group concentrations can be used to predict the phase behaviour for mixtures of monomethylated PEG with either dimethyl or dihydroxyl PEGs, whereas mixtures of dihydroxyl with dimethyl end-capped PEGs show a deviation from linear behaviour with dominance of the dihydroxyl end groups, which is reflected in the obtained phase diagrams. This study hence progresses understanding of factors that influence solubility of PEG-type polymers in HFAs and will facilitate the identification of predictive methodologies for formulation.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK. paula3@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Gemma L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bowles
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Philippe G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Rogueda
mesh_terms: D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane / Q000737:chemistry; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D008745:Methylation; D008970:Molecular Weight; D044367:Phase Transition; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D010420:Pentanes
chemical_list: D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane; D005079:Excipients; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012997:Solvents; C008806:perfluoropentane; D010420:Pentanes