title: Molybdate reduction by Pseudomonas sp. strain DRY2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To isolate and characterize a potent molybdenum-reducing bacterium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A minimal salt medium supplemented with 10 mmol l(-1) molybdate, glucose (1.0%, w/v) as a carbon source and ammonium sulfate (0.3%, w/v) as a nitrogen source was used in the screening process. A molybdenum-reducing bacterium was isolated and tentatively identified as Pseudomonas sp. strain DRY2 based on carbon utilization profiles using Biolog GN plates and partial 16S rDNA molecular phylogeny. Strain DRY2 produced 2.4, 3.2 and 6.2 times more molybdenum blue compared to Serratia marcescens strain DRY6, Enterobacter cloacae strain 48 and Eschericia coli K12, respectively. Molybdate reduction was optimum at 5 mmol l(-1) phosphate. The optimum molybdate concentration that supported molybdate reduction at 5 mmol l(-1) phosphate was between 15 and 25 mmol l(-1). Molybdate reduction was optimum at 40 degrees C and at pH 6.0. Phosphate concentrations higher than 5 mmol l(-1) strongly inhibited molybdate reduction. Inhibitors of electron transport system such as antimycin A, rotenone, sodium azide and cyanide did not inhibit the molybdenum-reducing enzyme activity. Chromium, copper, mercury and lead inhibited the molybdenum-reducing activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel molybdenum-reducing bacterium with high molybdenum reduction capacity has been isolated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Molybdenum is an emerging global pollutant that is very toxic to ruminants. The characteristics of this bacterium suggest that it would be useful in the bioremediation of molybdenum pollutant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. yunus@biotech.upm.edu.my
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Shukor
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: M M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nadzir
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shamaan
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Syed
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D010710:Phosphates; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C044659:molybdate; D002244:Carbon; D008982:Molybdenum; D009584:Nitrogen