title: Live/real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of mitral and aortic valve prosthetic paravalvular regurgitation.
abstract: Thirteen patients already scheduled for surgery for repair of prosthetic paravalvular regurgitation underwent intraoperative real time two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE) and live/real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE). In all patients, 3D TEE was able to provide more information regarding the location and size of the paravalvular defect as compared to 2D TEE. 3D TEE resulted in a more accurate localization of the defect and an estimation of the size of the defect that correlated much more closely with surgical findings when compared with 2D TEE. Our preliminary results demonstrate the superiority of 3D TEE over 2D TEE in the evaluation of paravalvular prosthetic regurgitation. 3D TEE not only provides an accurate assessment of the exact site of the leakage, but also gives a more accurate estimate of its size. This information could be valuable to surgeons who may encounter difficulty when localizing and estimating the size of paraprosthetic leaks while the heart is devoid of blood during surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Jayaprakash
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manda
authors.forename: Ming Chon
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hsiung
authors.forename: Anjlee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Saritha Kumari
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kesanolla
authors.forename: Navin C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: Shen-Kou
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Jeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Wei-Hsian
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D003199:Computer Systems; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome